Wikipedia minwiki https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utamo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Istimewa Rundiang Pangguno Rundiang Pangguno Wikipedia Rundiang Wikipedia Berkas Rundiang Berkas MediaWiki Rundiang MediaWiki Templat Rundiang Templat Bantuan Rundiang Bantuan Kategori Rundiang Kategori Portal Diskusi Portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Rundiang Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 318020 3352639 3161846 2026-09-16T12:27:23Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352639 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Waterfall | name = Aia Tajun Lambah Anai<br/>Aia Mancua Lambah Anai | image = Lembah Anai.jpg | caption = Aia Tajun Lambah Anai | location = [[Sumatera Barat]], Indonesia | coordinates ={{coord|-0.483561|100.338569|display=inline,title|type:landmark|name=Air Terjun Lembah Anai}} | type = | height = 35 m | height_longest = | number_drops = 1 | average_flow = 700 m³/s (38,430&nbsp;cu&nbsp;ft/s) | world_rank = |watercourse=Batang Lurah}}{{ANT}} '''Lambah Anai''' marupokan kawasan lambah nan talatak di antaro [[Kayu Tanam, 2x11 Kayu Tanam, Padang Pariaman|Kayu Tanam]], [[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman|Padang Pariaman]] jo [[Kota Padang Panjang|Padangpanjang]] nan masuak dalam Cagar Alam Lambah Anai.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Kamus sejarah Minangkabau|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/68192734|publisher=Pusat Pengkajian Islam dan Minangkabau|date=2003|isbn=9799740703|oclc=68192734|last=Asnan, Gusti.}}</ref> Kawasan ko ditatapkan sabagai cagar alam dek pamarintah kolonial malalui surek kaputusan No. 25 Stbl No. 756 tanggal 18 Desember 1922.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/ada-sejarah-memilukan-di-balik-keindahan-lembah-anai-dcoo|title=Ada Sejarah Memilukan di Balik Keindahan Lembah Anai|last=|first=|date=|website=tirto.id|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Lambah ko tanamo dek adonyo '''Aia Tajun Lambah Anai''' nan aksesnyo mudah dek lataknyo di tapi Jalan Lintas Sumatra, pangubuang [[Kota Padang|Padang]] jo [[Padangpanjang]], tapeknyo di Jorong Aie Mancua, Nagari [[Singgalang, Sepuluh Koto, Tanah Datar|Singgalang]], Kecamatan [[Sepuluh Koto, Tanah Datar|X Koto]], Kabupaten [[Kabupaten Tanah Datar|Tanah Datar]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=PDlnCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA23&dq=lembah+anai&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiQgY2B5KvVAhXDyrwKHeVzA-QQuwUINTAD#v=onepage&q=lembah%20anai&f=false|title=MENGENAL LEBIH DEKAT: WISATA ALAM INDONESIA|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=05 Agustuih 2017}}</ref> Dek masyarakaik satampek disabuik juo jo '''Aia Mancua Lambah Anai'''. Sabananyo aia tajun ko masih salah satu dari total tujuah aia tajun nan ado di cagar alam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indonesiakaya.com/jelajah-indonesia/detail/lembah-anai-anugerah-sang-maha-agung-di-jalur-padang-bukittinggi|title=Lembah Anai, Anugerah Sang Maha Agung di Jalur Padang-Bukittinggi - Situs Budaya Indonesia|last=Kaya|first=Indonesia|website=IndonesiaKaya|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02|archive-date=2019-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902110907/https://www.indonesiakaya.com/jelajah-indonesia/detail/lembah-anai-anugerah-sang-maha-agung-di-jalur-padang-bukittinggi|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Aia Tajun Lambah Anai marupokan bagian dari Batang Lurah nan baulu di [[Gunuang Singgalang]] dan mampunyoi katinggian kurang labiah 35 meter.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://tirto.id/pesona-lembah-anai-air-terjun-alami-di-jalur-trans-sumatera-dbNF|title=Pesona Lembah Anai, Air Terjun Alami di Jalur Trans Sumatera|last=|first=|date=|website=tirto.id|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Panorama sakaliliangnyo manjadi tujuan wisata. Pangunjuang dapek mancaliak banyak [[cigak]] nan malala di sakaliliang aia tajun. Pado musim liburan, aia tajun iko dapek dikunjuangi inggo ratusan pangunjuang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://medan.tribunnews.com/2016/12/20/ini-keindahan-lembah-anai-objek-wisata-di-tepi-jalan-padang-bukittinggi|title=Ini Keindahan Lembah Anai, Objek Wisata di Tepi Jalan Padang-Bukittinggi|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=|access-date=05 Agustuih 2017}}</ref> == Sijarah == [[Berkas:Waterval_Air_Mantjoer_in_de_Anai-kloof_op_Sumatra's_Westkust_KITLV_84242.tiff|jmpl|260x260px|Pamandangan kawasan sakitar Lambah Anai sakitar tahun 1880]] Lambah Anai mulai rami dilalui jo dikunjuangi sajak pamarintah kolonial [[Hindia-Balando|Hindia Balando]], jo Gubernur Jenderal Van den Bosch taun 1833, mamarintahan karajo paso pambangunan jalan antaro Kayu Tanam jo Padangpanjang sapanjang 17&nbsp;km (6 km rueh jalan ado di Lambah Anai).<ref name=":3" /> Jalan ko dibangun untuak mampamudah akses niago pamarintah kolonial nan maubuangan wilayah [[darek]] jo [[Kota Padang|pasisia]]. Pado maso [[Parang Pidari]], jalan ko bafungsi untuak mobilisasi pasukan kolonial dari Padang. Salain untuak mambangun jalan, karajo paso ko juo mangarajoan proyek pambangunan rel kareta api untuak maangkuik batubaro Sawhlunto atau bahan tambang lainnyo dari darek ka [[Palabuahan Taluak Bayua|Emmahaven]], [[Padang]].<ref name=":3" /> Pambangunan rel kareta di Lambah Anai dibuek khusus iyolah jo rel bagigi sainggo paralu kareta khusus rel bagigi dan manjadi ciek dari duo rel bagigi nan ado di Indonesia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbsumbar/tinggalan-teknologi-pada-jembatan-kereta-api-lembah-anai/|title=Tinggalan Teknologi pada Jembatan Kereta Api Lembah Anai|last=bpcbsumbar|date=2018-07-17|website=Balai Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Sumatera Barat|language=en-US|access-date=2019-09-02|archive-date=2019-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414132447/https://kebudayaan.kemdikbud.go.id/bpcbsumbar/tinggalan-teknologi-pada-jembatan-kereta-api-lembah-anai/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Karajo paso ko indak anyo malibaikan rakyaik nan tingga di sakitar nagari tu nan saketek jumlahnyo, tapi rakyaik dari babagai daerah dek payahnyo medan nan dikarajoan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://travel.tempo.co/read/1154945/ambruknya-jembatan-kalu-dan-5-fakta-mengenai-lembah-anai|title=Ambruknya Jembatan Kalu dan 5 Fakta Mengenai Lembah Anai|last=Wijanarko|first=Tulus|date=2018-12-13|website=Tempo|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> [[Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM 'De brug in de Anai-kloof bij Batoe Badoekoeng is door een overstroming (bandjir) verwoest West-Sumatra' TMnr 10004413.jpg|jmpl|246x246px|Galodo nan mambuek cayia jalan raya jo rel kareta api pado zaman kolonial.]] Banyak kajadian alam sarupo galodo nan acok tajadi inggo marusak jalan. Hal iko mambuek biayo parawatan jalan manjadi maha. Dek itulah, pamarintah kolonial mangaluaan aturan untuak pangguno jalan mambayia retribusi atau nan sangkek tu disabuik ''kloofgelden'' (pitih lewaik). Pado maso [[Japang]], acok juo tajadi kacilakoan kareta api nan mamakan koroban.<ref name=":0" /> Pado maso Agresi Militer Balando II, Lambah Anai manjadi garih patahanan malawanan Sekutu. Pajuang-pajuang kamardekaan mamanfaaikkan alam lambah untuak maambek pagarakan Tantara Sekutu. Pajuang mamutuih jalan di Lambah Anai jo manumbangan batang-batang pohon sarato manjadian puncak-pucak bukik jo salo-salo hutan untuak manembak musuah.<ref name=":0" /> == Lalu linteh == [[Berkas:Smoky Lembah Anai.jpg|jmpl|259x259px|Jalan raya jo rel nan malintasi Lambah Anai kini]] Jalan nan mambalah Lambah Anai ko marupokan bagian dari Jalan Lintas Sumatra, nan indak anyo maubuangan antaro [[Padang]] jo [[Kota Padang Panjang|Padangpanjang]], tapi juo [[Sumatra Barat]] jo [[Riau]]. Jalan nan dibangun sajak zaman Balando ko cukuik babahayo ditampuah dek jalannyo sampik, mandaki, manurun, sarato ado tabiang curam jo jurang dalam ka batang aia di sisi jalannyo. Samakin babahayo katiko cuaco buruak nan mambuek aia dari Aia Tajun Lambah Anai malimpah ruah ka jalan<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.okezone.com/read/2018/12/10/340/1989461/air-terjun-lembah-anai-meluap-jalan-raya-padang-bukittinggi-terendam|title=Air Terjun Lembah Anai Meluap, Jalan Raya Padang-Bukittinggi Terendam : Okezone News|last=Okezone|first=|date=|website=news.okezone.com|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> ataupun galodo dari ateh tabiang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/06/15/00054861/longsor-dan-laka-lantas-di-padang-panjang-lalu-lintas-macet-total|title=Longsor dan Laka Lantas di Padang Panjang, Lalu Lintas Macet Total|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=|website=KOMPAS.com|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Kondisi pangandara nan acok mambaok kandaraannyo kancang juo manjadi salah satu panyababnyo. Kacalakaan nan panah tajadi di antaronyo kacalakaan tungga truk paangkuik aspal nan maantam paga pambateh aia tajun,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/282276/kecelakaan-tunggal-di-lembah-anai-korban-dievakuasi-ke-rumah-sakit-dan-pagar-objek-wisata-rusak|title=Kecelakaan tunggal di Lembah Anai, korban dievakuasi ke rumah sakit dan pagar objek wisata rusak|last=Nusantara|last2=Nasional|website=Antara News Sumbar|access-date=2019-09-02|last3=Polhukam|last4=Olahraga|last5=Bisnis|first5=Ekonomi|last6=Otomotif|last7=Ragam|last8=Pendidikan|last9=Sosial}}</ref> kacalakaan motor,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.klikpositif.com/baca/13773/kecelakaan-di-mega-mendung--dua-mahasiswi-unand-meninggal|title=Kecelakaan di Mega Mendung, Dua Mahasiswi Unand Meninggal|last=Agusmanto|first=|date=|website=KlikPositif|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02|archive-date=2018-08-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819223523/http://news.klikpositif.com/baca/13773/kecelakaan-di-mega-mendung--dua-mahasiswi-unand-meninggal|dead-url=yes}}</ref> kacalakaan baruntun,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harianhaluan.com/news/detail/70554/empat-kendaraan--kecelakaan-beruntun-di-lembah-anai|title=Empat Kendaraan Kecelakaan Beruntun di Lembah Anai|website=www.harianhaluan.com|access-date=2019-09-02|archive-date=2019-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902130350/https://www.harianhaluan.com/news/detail/70554/empat-kendaraan--kecelakaan-beruntun-di-lembah-anai|dead-url=yes}}</ref> atau bahkan jatuah ka jurang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-1140241/bus-masuk-jurang-di-sumbar-12-orang-diperkirakan-tewas|title=Bus Masuk Jurang di Sumbar, 12 Orang Diperkirakan Tewas|website=detiknews|access-date=2019-09-02|archive-date=2019-09-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190902125553/https://news.detik.com/berita/d-1140241/bus-masuk-jurang-di-sumbar-12-orang-diperkirakan-tewas|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hariansinggalang.co.id/truk-pengangkut-tisu-terjun-ke-jurang-di-lembah-anai/|title=Truk Pengangkut Tisu Terjun ke Jurang di Lembah Anai|last=|first=|date=2017-10-04|website=Portal Berita Singgalang|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Dek itulah, pangamudi paralu baelok-elok katiko malalui jalua ko.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hariansinggalang.co.id/hujan-badai-hati-hati-lewat-lembah-anai/|title=Hujan Badai, Hati-hati Lewat Lembah Anai|last=|first=|date=2016-08-24|website=Portal Berita Singgalang|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Pado kondisi Jalan Lambah Anai indak dapek talalui, jalan Padang-Padangpanjang biaso dialiahan malalui [[Malalak, Agam|Malalak]] atau [[Singkarak, X Koto Singkarak, Solok|Singkarak]], [[Kabupaten Solok|Solok]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.viva.co.id/berita/nasional/1102276-jembatan-ambruk-jalur-utama-padang-tak-bisa-dilintasi|title=Jembatan Ambruk, Jalur Utama Padang Tak Bisa Dilintasi - VIVA|last=VIVA|first=PT VIVA MEDIA BARU-|date=2018-12-11|website=www.viva.co.id|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Salain kacalakaan di jalan rayo, tajadi pulo kacalakaan kareta api di rel nan malintang sapanjang Lambah Anai. Panyabab tajadinyo antaro lain cuaco buruak ataupun kondisi rel nan mananjak-manurun.<ref name=":0" /> Di antaro kacalakaan kareta nan panah tajadi iyolah pado taun 2000 gerbong kareta batubaro tajatuah dari jambatan kareta batinggian 25 meter nan manewasan balasan urang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2019/06/28/09090001/hari-ini-dalam-sejarah--kereta-api-anjlok-di-lembah-anai-belasan-orang-tewas|title=Hari Ini Dalam Sejarah: Kereta Api Anjlok di Lembah Anai, Belasan Orang Tewas Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|date=|website=KOMPAS.com|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> == Wisata == Aia Tajun Lambah Anai talatak di tapi Jalan Lintas Sumatra, nan manjadi jalan pangubuang [[Padang]] jo [[Padangpanjang]], sainggo manjadi tujuan wisata nan mudah diakses masyarakaik. Biasonyo pangguno jalan nan sadang manampuah pajalanan antaro Padang jo Padangpanjang ko manyampatkan diri barehaik di aia tajun ko.<ref name=":1" /> Pado ari-ari perai, jumlah kunjuangan ka aia tajun ko dapek maningkek dan manyababan kamacetan panjang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kumparan.com/@kumparantravel/air-terjun-lembah-anai-di-sumatera-barat-ikon-wisata-yang-melegenda-1544593420031382433|title=Air Terjun Lembah Anai di Sumatera Barat, Ikon Wisata yang Melegenda|last=|first=|date=|website=kumparan|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Pangunjuang dapek manikmati kaelokan aia tajun ko baiak sambia bajalan jo kandaraan atau turun lansuang ka aia tajun. Di sakitar aia tajun ado lahan-lahan parkir nan cukuik untuak mamarkiran kandaraan nan dikalola masyarakaik sakitar. Untuak pangunjuang nan ka marasoan sajuaknyo aia tajun ko, pangunjuang musti malewati pos bayia nan dikalola anak nagari. Fasilitas lain nan tasadio di sakitaran aia tajun antaro lain mushalla, rumah makan, sarato tampek jua oleh-oleh khas Sumatra Barat. Indak jauah dari aia tajun, pangunjuang dapek mancaliak banyak cigak nan balalu-lalang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://republika.co.id/share/psveuk382|title=Libur Lebaran Usai, Air Terjun Lembah Anai Tetap Ramai|date=2019-06-10|website=Republika Online|access-date=2019-09-02}}</ref> Pangunjuang nan hobi ''trackking,'' dapek juo manalusuri kawasan Cagar Alam Lambah Anai untuak mancaliak anam aia tajun lainnyo. Aia tajun lainnyo dapek ditampuah kiro-kiro duo jam dari aia tajun tapi jalan dan anyo dapek ditampuah jo bajalan kaki.<ref name=":1" /> Indak jauah dari aia tajun ka arah Padangpanjang, ado pamandian nan dinamokan Pamandian Mega Mendung. Mato aia pamandian ko barasa dari aliran Batang Lurah nan saaliran jo Aia Tajun Lambah Anai. Di pamandian ko disadiokan lahan parkir jo tampek rehaik nan labiah laweh pado di sakaliliang aia tajun. Pamandian ko kini kalola dek BUMNag (''Badan Usaha Milik Nagari'') satampek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.klikpositif.com/baca/32716/bumnag-singgahan-alang-kelola-wisata-pemandian-mega-mendung-|title=BUMNag Singgahan Alang Kelola Wisata Pemandian Mega Mendung|last=Akbar|first=Pundi F.|date=|website=KlikPositif|publisher=|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-09-02}}{{Dead link|date=January 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Galeri == <gallery> Berkas:Railway bridge through the Anai gorge.jpg|Kareta api nan malinteh di Lambah Anai Berkas:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Aanleg van de spoorlijn Kajoe Tanam - Padang Pandong aan Sumatra's westkust door de Anei kloof TMnr 10020608.jpg|Pambangunan rel Kayu Tanam-Padang Panjang di Lambah Anai Berkas:Air Terjun Lembah Anai.jpg|Aia Tajun Lambah Anai </gallery> == Rujuakan == {{reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Wisata]] [[Kategori:Sarasah]] [[Kategori:Sarasah di Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Sumatra Barat]] 6erbh70544ntp5waittxoflg8xkeadh 0 319790 3352647 3154253 2026-09-16T14:44:55Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352647 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="2" id="6" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap" |<span class="fn org">Namche Bazaar</span><br />नाम्चे बजार |- id="8" | colspan="2" id="9" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;" | <span class="category">Rural municipality</span> |- class="mergedtoprow" id="12" | colspan="2" id="13" style="text-align:center" | [[File:Namche_Bazaar_Nepal.jpg|333x333px|Namche Bazaar jo puncak Kongde Ri di lata balakang.]]<div id="14">Namche Bazaar jo puncak Kongde Ri di lata balakang.</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" id="16" | colspan="2" id="17" style="text-align:center" | <div class="switcher-container" id="18"><div class="center" id="19"><div id="20" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div id="21" style="width:300px;padding:0"><div id="22" style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Nepal Koshi rel location map.svg|300x300px|Namche Bazaar tadapek di Provinsi No. 1]]<div id="23" style="position:absolute;top:20.158%;left:28.045%"><div id="24" style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0">[[File:Red_pog.svg|pra=|6x6px|Namche Bazaar]]</div><div id="25" style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em;text-align:center"><div id="26" style="display:inline;padding:1px">Namche Bazaar</div></div></div></div><div id="28"><small>Lokasi di Provinsi No. 1</small></div>Tampilkan Peta Provinsi No. 1</div></div></div><div class="center" id="31"><div id="32" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div id="33" style="width:300px;padding:0"><div id="34" style="position:relative;width:300px">[[File:Nepal_rel_location_map.svg|300x300px|Namche Bazaar talatak di Nepal]]<div id="35" style="position:absolute;top:63.66%;left:79.506%"><div id="36" style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0">[[File:Red_pog.svg|pra=|6x6px|Namche Bazaar]]</div><div id="37" style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em;text-align:center"><div id="38" style="display:inline;padding:1px">Namche Bazaar</div></div></div></div><div id="40">Namche Bazaar (Nepal)</div>Tampilkan peta di Nepal</div></div></div></div> |- class="mergedbottomrow" id="43" | colspan="2" id="44" style="text-align:center" | Coordinates: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Namche_Bazaar&params=27_49_N_86_43_E_region:NP_type:city(1647) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">86°43′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.817°N 86.717°E</span> / <span class="geo">27.817; 86.717</span></span>]</span><span id="coordinates">[[Sistem koordinat geografis|Coordinates]]: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Namche_Bazaar&params=27_49_N_86_43_E_region:NP_type:city(1647) <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">86°43′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.817°N 86.717°E</span> / <span class="geo">27.817; 86.717</span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" id="46" ! id="47" scope="row" |Nagara | id="49" | Nepal |- class="mergedrow" id="52" ! id="53" scope="row" |Provinsi | id="56" | Provinsi No. 1 |- class="mergedrow" id="59" ! id="60" scope="row" |Distrik | id="63" | Distrik Solukhumbu |- class="mergedrow" id="66" ! id="67" scope="row" |Rural Municipality | id="70" | Khumbu Pasanglhamu |- class="mergedtoprow" id="73" ! id="74" scope="row" |Katinggian | id="76" | 3,440&nbsp;m (11,290&nbsp;ft) |- class="mergedtoprow" id="78" ! colspan="2" id="79" style="text-align:center;text-align:left" |Populasi (2001) |- class="mergedrow" id="81" ! id="82" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Total | id="84" | 1,647 |- class="mergedtoprow" id="86" ! id="87" scope="row" |Wilayah wakatu | id="90" | UTC+5:45 (NST) |- class="mergedtoprow" id="94" ! id="95" scope="row" |[[Kodepos]] | class="adr" id="98" | <span class="postal-code">56002</span> |- class="mergedrow" id="100" ! id="101" scope="row" |Kode area | id="104" | 038 |} '''Namche Bazaar''' (atau ditulih juo Nemche Bazaar, Namche Baza; {{lang-ne|[[:ne:नाम्चे बजार|नाम्चे बजार]]}}<span class="fn"><span style="white-space:nowrap">[[File:Loudspeaker.svg|pra=File:Namche.ogg|11x11px|About this sound]]&nbsp;</span>[[Media:Namche.ogg|suaro]]</span>&nbsp;) adolah kota ketek (namo rasminyo ''Namche Village Development Committee'') di Khumbu Pasanglhamu Rural Municipality (Gaupalika) di Distrik Solukhumbu, Provinsi No. 1, nan barado di timur lauik Nepal. Kota ko tamasuak dalam daerah Khumbu nan bakatinggian 3,440 metres (11,286{{convert|3440|m|ft|0}} pado tampek tarandahnyo, di ma panduduak maunyi di lereng bukik. Sabagian gadang Sherpa nan bakarajo di industri turisme barasa dari Namche ko. Namche adolah pusek padagangan jo paubuangan untuak wilayah Khumbu jo banyak kantua pajabaik, pos polisi, kantua pos, sarato bank Nepal barado di sinan. Manuruik sensus Nepal taun 2001, jumalah panduduaknyo sabanyak 1647 jiwa nan tadiri dari 397 rumah tangga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/nepalcensus/form.php?selection=1|title=Nepal Census 2001|website=Nepal's Village Development Committees|publisher=[[Digital Himalaya]]|access-date=November 14, 2008}}</ref> == Geografi == Tapek di sabalah Namche adolah puncak Kongde Ri nan bakatinggian 6,187 metres (20,299{{convert|6187|m|ft|0}}, sarato di sabalah timurnyo adolah puncak Thamserku nan bakatinggian 6,623 metres (21,729{{convert|6623|m|ft|0}}. == Transportasi == Di bukik nan dakek manghadap ka Namche Bazaar tadapek lapangan tabang Syangboche (3,750&nbsp;m / 12,303&nbsp;ft). Lapangan tu indak bapakai lai untuak panarbangan panumpang, tapi kadang-kadang helikopter Rusia mamakainyo untuak maangkek kargo. Lapangan tabang panumpang tadakek adolah [[Bandar udara Tenzing–Hillary|lapangan tabang Tenzing–Hillary]] nan bajarak 13&nbsp;km sabalah selatan kota ko. == Turisme == Namche Bazaar cukuik populer jo pandaki gunuang di wilayah Khumbu, tarutamo untuak aklimatisasi katinggian, sarato marupoan pintu gerbang untuak naiak labiah tinggi lai di Himalaya. Di kota ko tadapek babarapo panginapan jo toko nan manggaleh kabutuahan pangunjuang, tamasuak babarapo warung internet. Tiok Sabtu pagi, diadoan pasa mingguan di tangah kampuang. Tadapek juo pasa harian Tibet nan kabanyakan manggaleh baju jo barang-barang  konsumsi Cino nan murah. Namche mandapek listrik dari pambangkik listrik tanaga aia ketek Thame-Namche (600&nbsp;kW), nan baoperasi sajak Oktober 1995 dakek Thame.<ref>[http://www.pap.co.at/index.php?id=63&tx_ttnews%5Byear%5D=1985&tx_ttnews%5Bmonth%5D=01&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=137&cHash=a6ff6cf6ce1e3cb9f28548bd230380d7 SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANT NAMCHE BAZAR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161127153939/http://www.pap.co.at/index.php?id=63&tx_ttnews%5Byear%5D=1985&tx_ttnews%5Bmonth%5D=01&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=137&cHash=a6ff6cf6ce1e3cb9f28548bd230380d7 |date=2016-11-27 }}, Posch & Partner GmbH "Project period: 1985 - 1993"</ref><ref>[http://www.ecohimal.org/index.php?id=19 Kleinwasserkraftwerk Thame - Namche Bazar im Sagarmatha Nationalpark]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kbc.org.np/ |title=Khumbu Bijuli Company |access-date=2018-11-05 |archive-date=2017-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170416142109/http://www.kbc.org.np/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://www.ecohimal.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Energy%20from%20the%20top%20of%20the%20world.pdf Small Hydropower Plant Thame-Namche Bazar, Nepal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510091310/http://www.ecohimal.org/fileadmin/user_upload/Energy%20from%20the%20top%20of%20the%20world.pdf |date=2017-05-10 }} / Energy from the top of the world. Austrian Development Co-operation, ed. Dieter Rachbauer, Eco Himal, 2001</ref> == Iklim == Namche baiklim musim paneh nan dingin jo basah, sarato musim dingin nan beku jo kariang, tarutamo akibaik katinggiannyo jo angin muson musim paneh. Kalambaban rato-rato adolah 1110&nbsp;mm, sarato suhu rato-rato 6.1 Celsius. {| class="wikitable collapsible" style="width: 90%; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; line-height: 1.2em; margin: auto auto 10px;" ! colspan="14" id="149" |Data iklim Namche Bazaar |- id="151" ! id="152" scope="row" |Bulan ! id="154" scope="col" |Jan ! id="156" scope="col" |Feb ! id="158" scope="col" |Mar ! id="160" scope="col" |Apr ! id="162" scope="col" |Mai ! id="164" scope="col" |Jun ! id="166" scope="col" |Jul ! id="168" scope="col" |Ags ! id="170" scope="col" |Sep ! id="172" scope="col" |Okt ! id="174" scope="col" |Nop ! id="176" scope="col" |Des ! id="178" scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium" |Taun |- id="180" style="text-align: center;" ! id="181" scope="row" style="height: 16px;" |Rato-rato tinggi °C (°F) | id="183" style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" |7<br /> (45) | id="185" style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" |6<br /> (43) | id="187" style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" |9<br /> (48) | id="189" style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" |12<br /> (54) | id="191" style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" |14<br /> (57) | id="193" style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" |15<br /> (59) | id="195" style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" |16<br /> (61) | id="197" style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" |16<br /> (61) | id="199" style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" |15<br /> (59) | id="201" style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" |12<br /> (54) | id="203" style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" |9<br /> (48) | id="205" style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" |7<br /> (45) | id="207" style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" |12<br /> (53) |- id="209" style="text-align: center;" ! id="210" scope="row" style="height: 16px;" |Rato-rato randah °C (°F) | id="212" style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" |−8<br /> (18) | id="214" style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" |−6<br /> (21) | id="216" style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" |−3<br /> (27) | id="218" style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" |1<br /> (34) | id="220" style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" |4<br /> (39) | id="222" style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" |6<br /> (43) | id="224" style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" |8<br /> (46) | id="226" style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" |8<br /> (46) | id="228" style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" |6<br /> (43) | id="230" style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" |2<br /> (36) | id="232" style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" |−3<br /> (27) | id="234" style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" |−6<br /> (21) | id="236" style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" |1<br /> (33) |- id="238" style="text-align: center;" ! id="239" scope="row" style="height: 16px;" |Rato-rato curah ujan mm (inci) | id="242" style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" |26<br /> (1.02) | id="244" style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" |23<br /> (0.91) | id="246" style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" |34<br /> (1.34) | id="248" style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" |26<br /> (1.02) | id="250" style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" |41<br /> (1.61) | id="252" style="background: #2727FF; color:#FFFFFF;" |140<br /> (5.51) | id="254" style="background: #000093; color:#FFFFFF;" |243<br /> (9.57) | id="256" style="background: #000093; color:#FFFFFF;" |243<br /> (9.57) | id="258" style="background: #0000FF; color:#FFFFFF;" |165<br /> (6.5) | id="260" style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" |78<br /> (3.07) | id="262" style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" |9<br /> (0.35) | id="264" style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" |39<br /> (1.54) | id="266" style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" |1,067<br /> (42.01) |- id="268" | colspan="14" id="269" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;" |Sumber: thamel.com<ref><cite class="citation web">[http://www.thamel.com/htms/climatological_Data.htm "Climatological Data for Selected Trekking Towns"]. thamel.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 13,</span> 2003</span>.</cite></ref> |} == Budaya pop == "Namche Bazaar" adolah namo lagu nan dinyanyikan dek Nathan Rogers dalam albumnyo ''The Gauntlet''. Lagu ko tainspirasi dek pacampuaran budayo sapanjang jalua sutra. <br><gallery class=center caption="Namche Bazaar"> Namche Bazaar-18-Gebetsfahnen-2007-gje.jpg Namche Bazaar-38-2007-gje.jpg Namche Bazaar-54-Gemuesefrau-2007-gje.jpg Namche Bazaar, Daily life, Washing, Nepal.jpg Namche Bazaar-Tibetermarkt-06-2007-gje.jpg Namche Bazaar, Shopping street, Nepal.jpg </gallery> == Caliak pulo == * [[Kala Patthar]] == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Pautan lua == * [https://nepalihotels.com/everest/namche-bazaar/ Daftar Hotel di Namche Bazaar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203154044/https://nepalihotels.com/everest/namche-bazaar/ |date=2017-12-03 }} * [http://abrotherabroad.com/quick-overview-everest-base-camp-trek-preparation-flights-distances-elevations-tips Tinjauan trek Everest Base Camp Trek: Lukla, Namche, Gorak Shep, jo Everest Base Camp] * {{Wikivoyage-inline|Namche Bazaar}} * [http://www.redbubble.com/people/laurette/art/1804885-2-shrine-at-namche-bazar Gamba kuil di Namche Bazar]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Kategori:Nepal]] i4jp7i7csx2x63xtrynvoquzjjl57bo 0 319817 3352649 3161874 2026-09-16T16:07:33Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352649 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary | nativename = {{lang|ne|तेन्जिङ हिलारी विमानस्थल}} | image = Lukla Airport April 2010.JPG | IATA = LUA | ICAO = VNLK | type = Publik | owner = | operator = | city-served = [[Lukla]], [[Nepal]] | location = <!--if different than above--> | elevation-f = 9334 | elevation-m = 2845 | coordinates = {{coord|27|41|16|N|086|43|53|E|region:NP|display=inline,title}} | website = | pushpin_map = Nepal | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi palabuahan udaro di Nepal | pushpin_relief = |focus_city = {{plainlist| * [[Air Dynasty]] }} | pushpin_image = | pushpin_label = LUA | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_mark = | pushpin_marksize = | metric-rwy = y | r1-number = 06/24 | r1-length-m = 527 | r1-length-f = 1729 | r1-surface = [[Aspal]] | footnotes = Source:<ref name="CAAN"/><ref name="GCM">{{GCM|VNLK|Lukla, Nepal – Tenzing–Hillary Airport (VNLK / LUA)}}</ref> }} '''Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary''' {{airport codes|LUA|VNLK}}, disabuik juo '''palabuahan udaro Lukla''', adolah ciek palabuahan udaro ketek nan barado di kota Lukla, di Khumbu, Distrik Solukhumbu, Provinsi No. 1, Nepal timur. Manuruik program televisi ''Most Extreme Airports'', nan ditayangkan pado ''The History Channel'' taun 2010, palabuahan udaro ko alah dianggap sabagai nan paliang babahayo di saluruah dunia salamo 20 taun.<ref name="Most Extreme Airports 2010">{{cite episode|title=Most Extreme Airports|series=History Specials|publisher=[[History (U.S. TV channel)|The History Channel]]|date=26 August 2010|season=1|number=104}}</ref> Palabuahan udaro ko tanamo dek karano Lukla adolah tampek di ma kabanyakan urang maawali mandaki manuju Pangkalan Dasa Gunuang Everest (''Everest Base Camp''). Tadapek panabangan arian antaro Lukla jo Kathmandu salamo siang ari ko cuaca elok. Walaupun jarak panabangannyo pendek sajo, ujan biasanyo tajadi di Lukla sadang matoari basinar tarang di Kathmandu. Angin kancang, kabuik, jo parubahan jarak pandang dapek mambuek panabangan ditunda atau palabuahan udaro ditutuik. Palabuahan udaro ko bakuliliang jo paga nan dirantai sarato diawasi dek pulisi basinjato atau pulisi sipil Nepal satiok wakatu. == Sijarah == Palabuahan udaro ko dibangun pado taun 1964 di bawah pangawasan Edmund Hillary, nan awanyo barancano mambuek palabuahan udaro di tanah patanian nan data. Namun para patani satampek indak nio maagiah tanahnyo, inggo palabuahan udaro ko tapaso dibangun di tampeknyo nan kini. Hillary mambali tanah dari urang-urang Sherpa satampek jo arago $USD 2650 sarato maajak urang-urang tu mambangun fasilitas palabuahan udaro ko.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=Mlp5AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=edmund+hillary+2650&source=bl&ots=wxz2Zmd0LP&sig=1l5XYoIW_alvVvb46Bu7t-2Hus8&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjd1-fk9JrXAhXnNpoKHYCOB7IQ6AEIWzAI#v=onepage&q=edmund%20hillary%202650&f=false|title=Inspirisani trenutkom: put za Everest bazni kamp|last=Ibišbegović|first=Denis|last2=Vesić|first2=Zoran|last3=Dikić|first3=Nenad|date=2012|publisher=Nenad Dikić|location=Belgrade|pages=49–50|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> Dicaritoan baso Hillary indak sanang jo katahanan tanah di landasan pacu, dek itu inyo mambali arak lokal untuak para Sherpa lalu mamintak kasadonyo untuak manari maantak-antak di ateh tanah nan kudian manjadi landasan pacu tu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepal-quake-tough-test-for-worlds-most-dangerous-airport/|title=Nepal quake tough test for ‘world’s most dangerous airport’|publisher=The Himalayan Times|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> Landasan pacu tu indak baaspal inggo taun 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cntraveler.com/stories/2016-04-12/this-is-the-worlds-most-dangerous-airport|title=This Is the World's Most Dangerous Airport|publisher=CN Traveler|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> Pado bulan Januari 2008, palabuahan udaro ko diubah namonyo jadi namo nan kini untuak maoromaiki Sherpa Tenzing Norgay jo Sir Edmund Hillary, urang-urang patamo nan barasia mancapi puncak Gunuang Everest sarato usaonyo dalam mambangun palabuahan udaro ko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/15/asia/AS-GEN-Nepal-Hillary-Tribute.php|title=Nepal to name Everest airport after Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay|date=15 January 2008|website=International Herald Tribune|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212062042/http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/01/15/asia/AS-GEN-Nepal-Hillary-Tribute.php|archive-date=12 February 2008|access-date=27 April 2010}}</ref> == Fasilitas == [[File:Landing_and_taking_off_at_the_most_dangerous_airport_in_the_world.webm|jmpl|Landing and taking off at Tenzing–Hillary Airport.]] Landasan pacu baaspal palabuahan udaro ko anyo dapek dipakai jo helikopter sarato kapa tabang ketek basayok tatap nan dapek tingga-landas di landasan pacu nan pendek, sarupo De Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, Dornier Do 228, L-410 Turbolet, jo Pilatus PC-6 Turbo Porter. Laweh landasan pacunyo 527{{convert|527|m|ft|abbr=on}} × 30{{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=on}} jo kamiringannyo 11.7% gradien.<ref name="CAAN">{{Cite web|url=http://www.caanepal.org.np/Notices/tiaip/National%20Airports%20Plan%20-%20Diagnosis.pdf|title=NATIONAL AIRPORTS PLAN Current Situation and Diagnostic|publisher=[[Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal]]|access-date=7 March 2015|archive-date=2 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121225/http://www.caanepal.org.np/Notices/tiaip/National%20Airports%20Plan%20-%20Diagnosis.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Latak katinggian palabuahan udaronyo 9,334{{convert|9334|ft|abbr=on}}. Palabuahan udaro ko indak anyo untuak panumpang, tapi untuak maanta sabagian gadang bahan bangunan jo kargo ka kota ko, di ma ampia saluruah atok rumah-rumah di Lukla aruih dikirim jo kapa tabang. Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary Airport acok disabuik  ''badar udara paliang babahayo di saluruah dunia''. Kadatangan jo kabarangkekan aruih malalui landasan pacu nan itu juo. Ketek kamungkinan kapa tabang dapek naiak lai untuak baputa baliak kok talalu pendek jarak mandarek, dek kaadoan bagunuang-gunuang di sakitanyo. Tadapek lereng tinggi tapek di ujuang utara landasan, sarato ngarai di ujuang salatannyo nan curam manurun ka lambah di bawahnyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://abrotherabroad.com/why-is-the-lukla-airport-considered-the-most-dangerous-airport-in-the-world|title=Why Is Lukla Airport the Most Dangerous Airport in the World?|last=<!--Not stated-->|date=February 27, 2018}}</ref> Dek tingginya kasulitan untuak pandaratan nan sukses di palabuahan udaro ko, Otoritas Panabangan Sipil Nepal manatapan standar nan tinggi, inggo anyo para panabang bapangalam nan saindaknyo panah 100 kali mandarat jo tingga landas di landasan pendek (''short-takeoff-and-landing'', STOL), sarato labih dari sataun bapangalaman STOL di Nepal jo manyalasaian sapuluah misi ka Lukla basamo panabang lain nan basertipikat, nan buliah mendapek izin mandarek di palabuahan udaro ko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flightsafetycaan.org.np/uploads/files/_1373041241.pdf|title=Flight Operations Requirements Aeroplane (Appendix 9)|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=30 October 2017|archive-date=3 August 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803142400/http://flightsafetycaan.org.np/uploads/files/_1373041241.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=42a54080|title=Incident: Nepal Airlines DHC6 at Solukhumbu on Apr 19th 2010, hard landing|publisher=The Aviation Herald|access-date=30 October 2017}}</ref> == Panabangan dan tujuan == [[Berkas:DO 228 Tara Air.jpg|jmpl|Tara Air Do 228 di Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary]] {{Airport-dest-list |[[Nepal Airlines]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Domestic Schedule |url=http://www.nepalairlines.com.np/home/schedule/domestic |publisher=Nepal Airlines |accessdate=1 October 2018}}</ref> |[[Sita Air]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=http://sitaair.com.np/flight-schedule/|publisher=Sita Air|accessdate=1 May 2018|archive-date=9 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180609043202/http://sitaair.com.np/flight-schedule/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |[[Summit Air (Nepal)|Summit Air]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Flight Schedule|url=https://summitair.com.np/flightschedule|publisher=Summit Air|accessdate=1 October 2018|archive-date=1 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401180841/https://summitair.com.np/flightschedule|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |[[Tara Air]] | [[Tribhuvan International Airport|Kathmandu]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Flight Schedule |url=http://www.taraair.com/page/flight-schedule |publisher=Tara Air |accessdate=1 October 2018 |archive-date=6 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171006012230/http://www.taraair.com/page/flight-schedule |dead-url=yes }}</ref> }} == Statistik == === Jumalah panumpang === {| align="center" class="wikitable" style="text-align: right; width: 200px; margin-bottom: 10px;" !Taun !Panompang<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CivilAviationLayoutReport_2010.pdf|title=Civil Aviation Report 2009-2010|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=29 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929230914/https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CivilAviationLayoutReport_2010.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CaanReport2011-2012.pdf|title=Civil Aviation Report 2011-2012|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=1 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101110129/https://www.caanepal.org.np/publication/CaanReport2011-2012.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caanepal.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Final-Report-2017.pdf|title=Civil Aviation Report 2017|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618102551/https://www.caanepal.org.np/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Final-Report-2017.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> |- !2003 |70,959 |- !2004 |{{increase}} 71,422 |- !2005 |{{decrease}} 53,943 |- !2006 |{{increase}} 61,992 |- !2007 |{{increase}} 80,733 |- !2008 |{{increase}} 92,172 |- !2009 |{{decrease}} 88,881 |- !2010 |{{increase}} 92,011 |- !2011 |{{increase}} 93,292 |- !2012 |{{increase}} 97,394 |- !2013 |{{decrease}} 85,179 |- !2014 |{{increase}} 87,490 |- !2015 |{{decrease}} 81,174 |- !2016 |{{increase}} 119,801 |} == Kacilakoan jo kajadian == * Pado 15 Oktober 1973, kapa tabang Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-ABG) rusak indak dapek dibatuaan lai kutiko mandarek. Tigo kru jo tigo panompang indak taluko.<ref name="Aviation Safety Network">[http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=datekey_desc&kind=%&cat=%&page=1&field=Operatorkey&var=5478 Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100214174903/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?sorteer=datekey_desc&kind=%&cat=%&page=1&field=Operatorkey&var=5478 |date=2010-02-14 }}. Retrieved 18 November 2006.</ref> * Pado 9 Juni 1991, kapa tabang Royal Nepal Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-ABA) dari Kathmandu tahampeh di palabuahan udaro kutiko mancubo mandarek salapeh bagoyang-goyang kutiko andak mandarek ditangah cuaca buruak. Tigo kru jo ampek baleh panompang salamaik jo luko-luko.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910609-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 9N-ABA Lukla Airport (LUA)|access-date=23 June 2011|archive-date=20 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020005309/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19910609-0|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Pado 26 September 1992, kapa tabang Royal Air Nepal Harbin Yunshuji Y-12-II (registrasi 9N-ACI) tapalantiang kutiko ka tingga landas inggo rusak indak dapek dipeloki lai. Kaduobaleh panompang jo duo kru salamaik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920926-0|title=ASN Aircraft accident Harbin Yunshuji Y-12-II 9N-ACI Lukla Airport (LUA)|date=26 September 1992|publisher=Aviation-safety.net|access-date=9 February 2012|archive-date=25 December 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225225746/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19920926-0|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Pado 25 Mai 2004, kutiko andak manuju ka palabuahan udaro ko, kapa tabang Yeti Airlines DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-AFD) dari Kathmandu tasuruak ka Bukik Lamjura di tangah kabuik. Indak ado panompan nan dibao; tigo kru sadonyo maningga. Komite panyalidiakan kacilakoan Nepalese manyimpulkan baso pilot mambari informasi nan indak tapek tantang posisinyo kapado Area Control Centre.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20040525-0 Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111018054858/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20040525-0 |date=2011-10-18 }}. Retrieved 18 November 2006.</ref> * Pado 1 Oktober 2004, on landing at the airport, a Sita Air Dornier Do 228 suffered a collapse of its nose gear and slid along the runway, blocking it once it had come to rest. The airport was closed for two days.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/news/news.php?field=datumcode&var=200410%25 Aviation Safety Network]. Retrieved 19 November 2006.</ref> * Pado 30 Juni 2005, kapa taba Gorkha Airlines Dornier Do 228 tagulincia kalua landasan pacu kutiko andak mandarek. Sambilan panompang jo tigo kru luko-luko ringan. Kapa tabang tu dilaporkan dikaluaan dari operasi jo baranti dipakai satalah kajadian tu.<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CWU/is_2005_June_30/ai_n14710349 Airline Industry Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113185735/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0CWU/is_2005_June_30/ai_n14710349 |date=2016-01-13 }}, 30 June 2005.</ref><ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20050630-0&lang=en Aviation Safety Network] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929104604/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20050630-0&lang=en |date=2007-09-29 }}. Retrieved 18 November 2006.</ref> * Pado 8 Oktober 2008, kapa tabang Yeti Airlines Flight 103, a DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registrasi 9N-AFE) jatuah pado wakatu andak mandarek jo tabaka, maakibaikan maningganyo salapan baleh panompang jo kru. Kapten kapa tabang adolah satu-satunyo nan salamaik. Video kacilakoan manunjuakan cuaca buruak pado saaik kacilakoan.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7658258.stm BBC News]. Retrieved 8 October 2008.</ref> * Pado 12 Oktober 2010, kapa tabang Sita Air Dornier Do 228 (registrasi 9N-AHB) kailangan kontrol rem jo malangga dindiang di ujuang landasan kutiko mandarek. Kasadonyo panompang jo kru indak maalami luko; iduang kapa tabang rusak.<ref>Air Crash Observer {{Cite web|url=http://www.aircrashobserver.com/e107/news.php?item.1967|title=Archived copy|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707095358/http://www.aircrashobserver.com/e107/news.php?item.1967|archive-date=7 July 2011|dead-url=yes|access-date=2011-07-07}}</ref> * Pado 26 September 2013, helikopter Air Dynasty (registrasi 9N-AEX) jatuah kutiko baliang-baliang balakang manyintuah kawat baduri paga kuliliang palabuahan udaro ko. Kasadonyo tigo panompang jo kapten panabang salamaik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2013/sep/sep26/news04.php|title=Chopper crashes in Lukla, minor injuries|date=26 September 2013|publisher=Nepalnews.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184410/http://www.nepalnews.com/archive/2013/sep/sep26/news04.php|archive-date=3 March 2016|dead-url=yes}}</ref> * Pado 27 Mai 2017, maskapai Summit Air Flight 409 sadang maangkuik barang jo kapa tabang Let L-410 dari Kathmandu ka Lukla (Nepal) mambao tigo kru, kutiko andak mandarek di landasan 06 Lukla pado 14:04L (08:19Z) sadang jarak pandang buruak kapa tabang manyintuah batang puhun di ujuang landasan inggo mandarek labiah-kurang 3 meter/10 kaki di bawah katinggian landasan. Kapa tabang tu tagulincia taruih di lereng inggo 200 meter di bawah katinggian landasan. Kapten kapa maningga sarato opsir patamo, Shrijan Manandhar, maningga di rumah sakik ampia salapan jam kudian. Kru katigo maalami luko-luko jo dievakuasi ka Kathmandu bisuak arinyo kutiko cuaca alah tarang.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://avherald.com/h?article=4a9877a9&opt=0|title=Accident: Summit L410 at Lukla on May 27th 2017, contacted trees and impacted ground before runway|date=27 May 2017|publisher=The Aviation Herald|access-date=28 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/lukla-air-crash-toll-reaches-2-as-co-pilot-dies-for-want-of-treatment/|title=Lukla air crash toll reaches 2 as co-pilot dies for want of treatment|date=28 May 2017|publisher=The Himalayan Times|access-date=30 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11865579|title=Kiwi 'heroes' in dramatic Mt Everest rescue after cargo plane slams into mountain|date=29 May 2017|publisher=New Zealand Herald|access-date=18 June 2017}}</ref> == Galeri == {{wide image|Panorama of Lukla Airport (Tenzing-Hillary).jpg|800px|Poto panorama palabuahan udaro Lukla jo sakuliliangnyo.}} <gallery mode="packed"> Berkas:RK 0602 00811 LuklaAnflug.jpg|Twin Otter mandakek ka palabuahan udaro Berkas:RK 0602 00813 TwinOtterLukla.jpg|Twin Otter di landasan pacu Berkas:RK 0603 03610 TwinOtterCockpit.jpg|Twin Otters di lapangan tabang Berkas:LuklaAirport.jpg|Landasan pacu pado taun 1999 sabalun baaspal Lukla Airport, Runway, Helicopter, Nepal.jpg </gallery> == Caliak juo == * Altiport * Syangboche Airport * Phaplu Airport * List of airports in Nepal == Rujuakan == {{reflist|30em}} == Pautan lua == * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqgZvb37NX0 Video of operations at the Lukla airport] from [[YouTube]] * {{ASN|LUA|LUA / VNLK}}Aviation Safety Network * [http://www.airliners.net/photo/Tara-Air/Pilatus-PC-6-B2-H4-Turbo/1909594/&sid=0dab62aa9521c6a6d7bd1e275feb155c Photo of aircraft departing Lukla] from Airliners.net * [http://bdvid.com/2015/01/lukla-airport-nepal-the-most-dangerous-airport-in-the-world "Most Dangerous airport in the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604002730/http://bdvid.com/2015/01/lukla-airport-nepal-the-most-dangerous-airport-in-the-world |date=2015-06-04 }} Lukla Airport video [[Kategori:Nepal]] [[Kategori:Palabuahan udaro di Nepal]] bndawhdijxsdnfzcfq3iby9webo2g8e 0 319888 3352640 3346912 2026-09-16T12:57:28Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352640 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 23em; margin-bottom: 10px;" ! colspan="2" id="6" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size:1.25em; white-space:nowrap" |<div class="fn org" id="7" style="display:inline">Lukla</div> |- id="9" | colspan="2" id="10" style="text-align:center;background-color:#cddeff; font-weight:bold;" |<div class="category" id="11">kota</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" id="14" | colspan="2" id="15" style="text-align:center" |[[Berkas:Lukla and Lukla Airport, Nepal.jpg|300px|Pamandangan kota Lukla, jo landasan pacu kapa tabang [[Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary|Palabuahan udaro Lukla]] di bagian muko]]<div id="16" style="padding:0.4em 0 0 0;">Pamandangan kota Lukla, jo landasan pacu kapa tabang [[Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary|Palabuahan udaro Lukla]] di bagian muko</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" id="19" | colspan="2" id="20" style="text-align:center" |<div class="switcher-container" id="21"><div class="center" id="22"><div id="23" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div id="24" style="width:300px;padding:0"><div id="25" style="position:relative;width:300px">[[Berkas:Nepal Koshi adm location map.svg|300x300px|Lukla is located in Province No. 1]]<div id="26" style="position:absolute;top:26.901%;left:28.662%"><div id="27" style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0">[[Berkas:Red_pog.svg|pra=|6x6px|Lukla]]</div><div id="28" style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em;text-align:center"><div id="29" style="display:inline;padding:1px">Lukla</div></div></div></div><div id="31"><small>Lokasi di Nepal</small></div>Peta Provinsi No. 1</div></div></div><div class="center" id="34"><div id="35" style="width:300px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div id="36" style="width:300px;padding:0"><div id="37" style="position:relative;width:300px">[[Berkas:Nepal_adm_location_map.svg|300x300px|Lukla is located in Nepal]]<div id="38" style="position:absolute;top:66.222%;left:79.662%"><div id="39" style="position:absolute;left:-3px;top:-3px;line-height:0">[[Berkas:Red_pog.svg|pra=|6x6px|Lukla]]</div><div id="40" style="font-size:90%;line-height:110%;position:absolute;width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em;text-align:center"><div id="41" style="display:inline;padding:1px">Lukla</div></div></div></div><div id="43">Lukla (Nepal)</div>Peta Nepal</div></div></div></div> |- class="mergedbottomrow" id="46" | colspan="2" id="47" style="text-align:center" |Coordinates: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Lukla&params=27_41_20_N_86_43_50_E_region:NP_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°41′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">86°43′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.68889°N 86.73056°E</span> / <span class="geo">27.68889; 86.73056</span></span>]</span><span id="coordinates">[[Sistem koordinat geografis|Coordinates]]: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Lukla&params=27_41_20_N_86_43_50_E_region:NP_type:city <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">27°41′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">86°43′50″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">27.68889°N 86.73056°E</span> / <span class="geo">27.68889; 86.73056</span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" id="49" ! id="50" scope="row" |Country | id="52" |<span class="flagicon">[[Berkas:Flag_of_Nepal.svg|pra=|al=|20x20px]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>Nepal |- class="mergedrow" id="55" ! id="56" scope="row" |Province | id="59" |Province No. 1 |- class="mergedrow" id="62" ! id="63" scope="row" |District | id="66" |Solukhumbu District |- class="mergedrow" id="69" ! id="70" scope="row" |Rural municipality | id="73" |Khumbu Pasanglhamu |- class="mergedtoprow" id="76" ! colspan="2" id="77" style="text-align:center;text-align:left" |Government |- class="mergedrow" id="80" ! id="81" scope="row" |&nbsp;•&nbsp;Type | id="83" |Ward division |- class="mergedtoprow" id="85" ! id="86" scope="row" |Elevation | id="89" |2,860&nbsp;m (9,380&nbsp;ft) |- class="mergedtoprow" id="91" ! id="92" scope="row" |Time zone | id="95" |UTC+5:45 (Nepal Time) |- class="mergedtoprow" id="99" ! id="100" scope="row" |[[Kodepos|Postal code]] | class="adr" id="103" |<div class="postal-code" id="104">56010</div> |- class="mergedrow" id="106" ! id="107" scope="row" |Area code(s) | id="110" |038 |} '''Lukla''' ({{lang-ne|लुक्ला}}) adolah kota ketek di wilayah Khumbu Pasanglhamu di Distrik Solukhumbu, nan tamasuak dalam Provinsi No. 1 di sabalah timur lauik Nepal. Kota ko talatak di katinggian 2,860 metres (9,383{{convert|2860|m|ft|0}}, sarato marupoan tampek nan populer untuak para pangunjuang nan ka datang ka Pagunuangan Himalaya dakek Gunuang Everest. Walaupun namo Lukla baarati ''tampek nan banyak kambiang jo domba'', anyo saketek ewan-ewan ko nan dapek ditamuan di sinan kini ko. Lukla mampunyai ciek [[Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary|palabuahan udaro]] ketek nan malayani wilayah ko, sarato bamacam-macam toko jo panginapan nan marupoan tampek manginap para wisatawan jo pandaki gunuang, nan maidangkan makanan-makanan barat jo paralatan pandakian nan diparaluan. Dari Lukla, para pandaki ka mamakan wakatu duo ari untuak mancapai kampuang [[Namche Bazaar]], tampek baranti untuak malakuan aklimatisasi katinggian untuak nan nio mandaki labiah lanjuik lai.<ref name="Acclimatization">{{cite journal|author1=Muza, SR|author2=Fulco, CS|author3=Cymerman, A|title=Altitude Acclimatization Guide.|journal=US Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report|issue=USARIEM–TN–04–05|year=2004|url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7616|accessdate=2009-03-05|archive-date=2009-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423042451/http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/7616|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pado bulan Agustus 2014, pamarentah Nepal maumumkan baso ka dibangun jalanan baaspal patamo nan maubuangkan Kathmandu ka Lukla.<ref name="DailyMail">{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2723290/A-new-highway-Everest-First-tarmac-road-town-known-gateway-mountain-set-built.html|title=A new highway... up to Everest: First tarmac road to town known as gateway to the mountain set to be built|access-date=2014-08-14}}</ref> == Palabuahan udaro == [[Berkas:Landing_at_Lukla_Airport,_Nepal.jpg|al=Lukla Airport Nepal|jmpl|307x307px|Salah satu tampek mandarek kapa tabang nan sabana mengerikan jo babahayo di dunia di Palabuahan udaro Lukla di Nepal<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onceinalifetimejourney.com/once-in-a-lifetime-journeys/everest-base-camp/|title=Which Everest Base Camp is Best:Tibet or Nepal?}}</ref>]] Lukla dilayani dek [[Palabuahan udaro Tenzing–Hillary|Palabuahan udaro Tenzing-Hillary]]. Kutiko cuaco mamungkinkan, kapa tabang bamasin duo Dornier Do 228s jo de Havilland Canada Twin Otters malakuan panabangan rutin di siang ari antaro Lukla jo Kathmandu. Palabuahan udaro Lukla punyo landasan pacu nan sabana pendek jo curam, acok juo ditambah jo cuaco nan buruak, sainggo babarapo kacilakoan fatal panah tajadi. Badar udara ko disabuik sabagai palabuahan udaro nan paliang babahayo di dunia.<ref name="World's Most Dangerous Airports">{{cite web|url=http://www.jaunted.com/story/2007/1/22/163551/923/travel/World%27s+Most+Dangerous+Airports%3A+Lukla+Airport,+Nepal,+LUA|title=World's Most Dangerous Airports|accessdate=2011-03-25|archive-date=2011-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110825062600/http://www.jaunted.com/story/2007/1/22/163551/923/travel/World%27s+Most+Dangerous+Airports%3A+Lukla+Airport%2C+Nepal%2C+LUA|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onceinalifetimejourney.com/once-in-a-lifetime-journeys/everest-base-camp/|title=Which Everest Base Camp is Best:Tibet or Nepal?|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> == Pandakian == Pandakian manuju [[Kala Patthar]] atau [[Pangkalan Dasa Everest]] (Everest Base Camp) dapek dilakuan dari Lukla malalui Phakding (2,622 m, atau 8,603 kaki), kudian manuju [[Namche Bazaar]]. Para pandaki biasonyo barangkek dari Lukla pagi ari, dan mancapai Phakding sanjo jo mainok samalam di panginapan di sinan. Dari Lukla biasonyo mamakan wakatu duo ari untuak mancapai Namche Bazaar, di mano para pandaki acok malakuan aklimatisasi babarapo ari. Kok dipasoan sabananyo dapek juo dari Lukla ka Namche Bazaar ditampuah salamo saari (8-10 jam) bajalan indak baranti, tapi iko indak dianjuakan dek karano resiko sakik katinggian (''altitude sickness'') dapek maningkek. Satalah dari Namche Bazaar, pajalanan kudian ka malalui Tengboche, Pangboche, Dingboche, Lobuche, inggo ka [[Gorakshep]]. Dari Gorakshep, para pandaki kudian ado nan mandaki manuju Kala Patthar, ado pulo nan manuju Pangkalan Dasa Everest.<ref>{{cite book | title = On Top of World: My Everest Adventure | first = Arjun | last = Vajpai | url = https://books.google.co.id/books?id=qJjIBFOMsQsC&pg=PT23&dq=lukla&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj37orr-fveAhXFvo8KHVgyDc0QuwUISDAF#v=onepage&q=lukla&f=false | publisher = Penguin UK | year = 2010 | id = ISBN 9788184753042 }}</ref> == Iklim == {{Weather box |location = Lukla, Nepal |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan high C = 1.0 |Feb high C = 1.9 |Mar high C = 4.7 |Apr high C = 8.2 |May high C = 11.6 |Jun high C = 14.7 |Jul high C = 14.4 |Aug high C = 13.4 |Sep high C = 12.7 |Oct high C = 8.9 |Nov high C = 5.5 |Dec high C = 3.3 |Jan mean C= -5.9 |Feb mean C= -4.8 |Mar mean C= -1.6 |Apr mean C= 2.2 |May mean C= 5.6 |Jun mean C= 9.2 |Jul mean C= 10.3 |Aug mean C= 9.8 |Sep mean C= 8.0 |Oct mean C= 3.1 |Nov mean C= -1.2 |Dec mean C= -3.8 |Jan low C = -18.2 |Feb low C = -16.3 |Mar low C = -12.1 |Apr low C = -7.4 |May low C = -3.4 |Jun low C = 1.6 |Jul low C = 3.9 |Aug low C = 3.5 |Sep low C = 0.8 |Oct low C = -6.5 |Nov low C = -12.5 |Dec low C = -16.3 |Jan precipitation mm = 10.8 |Feb precipitation mm = 18.0 |Mar precipitation mm = 21.6 |Apr precipitation mm = 28.3 |May precipitation mm = 34.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 96.1 |Jul precipitation mm = 153.8 |Aug precipitation mm = 144.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 80.7 |Oct precipitation mm = 37.4 |Nov precipitation mm = 6.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 13.0 |Jan precipitation days = 2.6 |Feb precipitation days = 2.7 |Mar precipitation days = 3.6 |Apr precipitation days = 5.0 |May precipitation days = 9.5 |Jun precipitation days = 16.1 |Jul precipitation days = 22 |Aug precipitation days = 21.8 |Sep precipitation days = 15.0 |Oct precipitation days = 4.5 |Nov precipitation days = 1.9 |Dec precipitation days = 1.4 |source = weatherbase.com<ref>http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=603638</ref> }} == Rujuakan == {{Reflist}} == Pautan lua == {{commons|Lukla|Lukla}} * [http://www.gonomad.com/alternatives/0602/everest.html Hiking Everest from Lukla, GoNOMAD feature article] * [http://gearjunkie.com/lukla-airport-nepal "The Lukla Airport Experience"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112024030/https://gearjunkie.com/lukla-airport-nepal |date=2020-11-12 }} article and photos on GearJunkie.com. * [http://bdvid.com/2015/01/lukla-airport-nepal-the-most-dangerous-airport-in-the-world "Most Dangerous airport in the world"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150604002730/http://bdvid.com/2015/01/lukla-airport-nepal-the-most-dangerous-airport-in-the-world |date=2015-06-04 }} Lukla Airport video * [http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia/Nepal/Lukla-1299158/TravelGuide-Lukla.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002031727/http://www.virtualtourist.com/travel/Asia/Nepal/Lukla-1299158/TravelGuide-Lukla.html |date=2012-10-02 }} Lukla Travel Guide * [http://www.nepalairflight.com/kathmandu_lukla_flight.php "Lukla Flight Scheduled"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181110223832/http://www.nepalairflight.com/kathmandu_lukla_flight.php |date=2018-11-10 }} {{Kosi basin}} [[Kategori:Nepal]] 01obmrg9syvs9tj4zw6gv3o0yu8jrcy 0 323309 3352658 3352122 2026-09-17T06:38:59Z Afdhal Sy 20915 /* Single */ 3352658 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox urang}} '''Rayola''' atau Yola Aurelia Laksmi ({{lahirmati|[[Padang]]|31|3|1996}}) adolah penyanyi [[Indonesia]] nan populer jo lagu bahaso Minang.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://bukittinggiku.com/4-penyanyi-minang-paling-cantik-no-3-katanya-mirip-raisa-loh/|title=4 Penyanyi Minang Paling Cantik, No.3 Katanya Mirip Raisa Loh!|last=bukittinggiku|date=2017-07-10|website=bukittinggiku.com|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-19}}</ref> Rayola marupoan anak kanduang dari ayahnyo banamo Doni Kalimata, dan ibunyo banamo Rina Hendriani, dan dia marupoan anak katigo dari ampek basaudara, berikut namo saudaranyo, yaitu Yoga Pradana (Kakak), Yogi Pradipta (Kakak), Fanessa Allyah Rasya (adiak).<ref name=":1">https://www.harianhaluan.com/news/detail/85697/jadi-saksi-pernikahan-rayola-ini-kata-wagub-sumbar. Diakses pada 04-01-2024</ref> Inyo labiah populer jo lagu [[Minang]]. Lagunyo nan populer antaro lain “Hanyo Punyo Cinto”.<ref name=":0" /> Lagu baru “Rantau Den Pajauah” nan dinyanyikan basamo [[Ipank]] juo turuik sukses.<ref name=":0" /> Rayola barado dibawah naungan label, yaitu Elta Record, Ry Production, Agri'e Production, Sangsaka Production, Leprin Production, Ragel Production, Banda 10 Record. = Pendidikan = Rayola manampuah pendidikannyo di Kota Padang mulai dari bangku Sekolah Dasar (SD), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), dan terakhir manamaik-an pendidikan di bangku Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan, yaitu di SMK Kosgoro Padang. Salapeh SMK, Rayola indak malanjuik-an sakolah ka janjang yang labiah tinggi, yaitu ka bangku perguruan tinggi, karano aktif dalam bidang bamusik atau manjadi penyanyi yang lah diimpikannyo atau yang manjadi cita-citanyo sajak ketek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newshanter.com/empat-tahun-bekarir-didunia-tarik-suara-rayola-bakal-rilis-ambum-lagu-minang-ke-8/|title=Empat Tahun Bekariel Didunia Tarik Suara, Rayola Bakal Rilis Album Lagu Minang ke 8|last=Nho|first=Zp|date=2016-09-15|website=News Hunter|language=id|access-date=2024-01-05|archive-date=2024-01-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240104054006/https://www.newshanter.com/empat-tahun-bekarir-didunia-tarik-suara-rayola-bakal-rilis-ambum-lagu-minang-ke-8/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Karir == Rayola alah mulai manyanyi sajak inyo ketek.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pekanbaru.tribunnews.com/2019/09/06/artis-pop-minang-rayola-tampil-bernyanyi-hingga-ke-malaysia-dari-kecil-sering-ikut-lomba|title=Artis Pop Minang Rayola Tampil Bernyanyi Hingga ke Malaysia, dari Kecil Sering Ikut Lomba|website=Tribun Pekanbaru|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-12-21}}</ref> Wakatu inyo umua 7 tahun, inyo alah baraja bamusik jo banyanyo di Bina Vocalia "Sari Musik". Sudah tu, inyo acok ikuik lomba-lomba manyanyi. Rayola ikuik audisi, festival atau lomba-lomba solo song dari semua tingkek, baik di tingkek anak-anak, remaja dan juga tingkek umum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribunnews.com/seleb/2019/09/06/penyanyi-wanita-asal-minang-ini-menyanyi-hingga-ke-malaysia|title=Penyanyi Wanita Asal Minang ini Menyanyi hingga ke Malaysia|date=2024-01-05|website=Tribunnews.com|language=id-ID|access-date=2024-01-05}}</ref> Rayola mulai rekaman sangkek kelas 1 SMEA 2 Padang, di umuanyo 17 tahun, Di album partamonyo, lagu "Hanyo Punyo Cinto" langsuang disuko masyarakaik. Sampai kini Rayola alah punyo sabaleh album bahkan alah manyanyi sampai ka Malaysia. = Pernikahan = Rayola manikah dengan Rifa Rizkianto pado 1 Februari 2020 di Gedung Dt. Rangkayo Basa, Kota Padang. Wakil Gubernur Sumbar, Nasrul Abit, manjadi saksi dalam acara sakral tersebut.<ref name=":1" /> Dan dari pernikahan tersebut, Rayola dikaruniai ciek anak padusi yang banamo Afsheena Raifa. = Prestasi = Bakat manyanyi Rayola sendiri alah taliek saat dirinyo masih duduak di bangku Sekolah Dasar atau SD. Berikut dibawah ini adolah beberapa lomba atau festival yang pernah di ikuik-an dek Rayola: * Ajang perlombaan2/Festival2 Pop Minang dan Pop Indo se Sumatra Barat tingkat Anak-anak, Remaja maupun Tingkat Umum. * Juara Umum lomba lagu minang "FENY HARISON" Lubuk basung Se-SUMBAR * Juara I Lomba Lagu minang Favorit "FENY HARISON" Lubuk Basung * Juara II lomba pop di HBT/WHBT * Juara I BINTANG IDOLA CILIK Padang Fair 2008 * Juara Favorit Wanita Festival Lagu Minang Se-Kodya Padang Di RIMBO DATAR 2002 * Juara II lomba Solo song Tingkat SD kelas I-III Bazar ST.Yusuf * Pernah Mengikuti Audisi Idola Cilik kelas 4 SD masuk 46 besar * Pernah Mengikuti Audisi Afi Junior kelas 5 SD masuk 60 besar = Diskografi = ===== Album ===== * ''Hanyo Punyo Cinto'' (2012) * ''Takana Kasiah Di Pakanbaru'' (2013) * ''Cinto Tak Sampai'' (2013) * ''Rindukan Ayah'' (2014) * ''Manikam Jajak'' (2014) * ''Basandiang Bukan Jo Cinto'' (2016) * ''Luko Batahan Surang'' (2016) * ''Cinto Hanyo Di Denai'' (2017) * ''Singgalang Jaya'' (2018) * ''Tadayo Gurauan Sayang'' (2019) ===== Single ===== * "Aku Masih Tegar" (2017) * "Nirwana" (2017) * "Purcaya Do Au" (2019) * "Manyapai Ho" (2019) * "Korban Harapan" (2019) * "Cinto Paubek Luko" (2021) * "Usah Dikana Kana" (2021) * "Bansaik Parintang Sayang" (2022) * "Cincin Cinto" (2022) * "Dalam Harok Batinggakan" (2022) * "Duo Hati Satu Cinto" (2022) * "Harato Bukan Ukuran Cinto" (2022) * "Baharok Cahayo Bintang" (2022) * "Layia Takambang Suruik Bapantang" (2022) * "Aku Tak Seindah Rembulan" (2022) * "Cinto Lain Pilihan" (2022) * "Cinto Sapasukuan" (2022) * "Cinto Sataguah Karang" (2022) * "Luko" (2022) * "Medley Padiah Ditusuak Cinto, Pakasiah Tak Baramuan, Malam Panantian, Bariangnyo Luko" (2022) * "Medley Pulanglah Uda & Rindu Disayang Uda" (2022) * "Indak Ado Nan Lain" (2022) * "Luko Baukia Jo Sambilu" (2022) * "Rindu Semakin Dalam" (2022) * "Doa Restu" (2022) * "Galau Hati Ibo" (2022) * "Lah Manyuruak Tampak Juo" (2022) * "Luko Indak Dibaok Pulang" (2022) * "Sio Sio Harok Mananti" (2022) * "Denai Teseso" (2022) * "Cinto Manyeso Badan" (2022) * "Tuneh Lah Patah" (2022) * "Haram Babaliak Sayang" (2022) * "Kandak Rang Tuo" (2022) * "Jodoh Indak Di Tangan Kito" (2022) * "Lupo Diri Dalam Ganggaman" (2022) * "Kawan Sairiang Urang Katigo" (2022) * "Cinto Untuak Salamonyo" (2022) * "Mauik Pamisah Cinto" (2022) * "Rinai Pun Jadi Juo" (2022) * "Batahun Di Rantau" (2022) * "Rilakan Denai" (2023) * "Pergilah Kenangan" (2023) * "Lah Sayang Mangko Tabuang" (2023) * "Cinto Satangah Hati" (2023) * "Gamang Manaruah Sayang" (2023) * "Janji Ka Janji Nanti Ka Nanti" (2023) * "Hadirmu Membuat Terlukan" (2023) * "Urang Minang" (2023) * "Sio Sio Manaruah Sayang" (2023) * "Barayo Di Kampuang" (2023) * "Uda Salah Urang" (2023) * "Salah Bataruah Cinto" (2023) * "Indak Mungkin Kasiah Baulang" (2023) * "Salah Aku Percaya" (2023) * "Usah Dikana Kana 2" (2023) * "Hati Bamintak Jantuang Bapulangkan" (2023) * "Taraso Lai Takato Tido" (2023) * "Berakhir Sampai Disini" (2023) * "Merak Bakahueni" (2023) * "Pai Jo Rang Barado" (2023) * "Anggan Barupo Talak" (2023) * "Racun Den Sangko Madu" (2023) * "Katonyo Kawan Nyatonyo Sayang" (2023) * "Ubek Panawa Luko" (2023) * "Sapayuang Rindu" (2023) * "Sasalan Tibo Di Ujuang Luko (2023) * "Cimburu Tandonyo Sayang" (2023) * "Talarai" (2023) * "Hilang Baganti Buruak Batuka" (2023) * "Kahilangan" (2023) * "Si Malang Jo SI Mujua" (2023) * "Kandak Dapek Jaso Talupo" (2023) * "Mungkin Indak Kasalamonyo" (2023) * "Kasiah Dibateh Seso" (2023) * "Kalah Cinto Dek Harato" (2023) * "Adiak Urang Nan Den Cinto" (2023) * "Batapuak Sabalah Tangan" (2023) * "Harok Cinto Taulang" (2024) * "Usah Bajambo Tangan" (2024) * "Bareh Solok" (2024) * "Mande Nan Denai Sayang" (2024) * "Cinto Indak Sapadan" (2024) * "Rintangan Pasti Kito Hadang" (2024) * "Mananti Janji Ka Janji" (2024) * "Raso Sayang Babaleh Jo Padiah" (2024) * "Sakik Janjian Mungkia" (2024) * "Padiah Taluko" (2024) * "Salah Malabuahkan Cinto" (2024) * "Manyasa" (2024) * "Mandandam Hati" (2024) * "Isak Marindu" (2024) * "Latiah Manjago Hati" (2024) * "Simalakamo Cinto" (2024) * "Sahujan Indak Sarinai" (2024) * "Rindu Indak Babaleh" (2024) * "Bajodoh Tapi Tak Cinto" (2024) * "Dilua Galak Didalam Manangih" (2024) * "Cangguang" (2024) * "Buruak Parangai" (2024) * "Manikam Dalam Galak" (2024) * "Taguriah Mambari Tangih" (2024) * "Malu Nan Uda Bari" (2024) * "Lupo Paneh Dek Hujan Sadarok" (2024) * "Harok Bulan Nan Tarang" (2024) * "Talambek Pulang" (2024) * "Mandeh Ka Ganti Ayah" (2024) * "Sumpah Mainan Bibia" (2024) * "Indak Ka Diganti Ganti" (2024) * "Luko Ditingga Kawin" (2024) * "Tadayo Tipuan Manjo" (2024) * "Pai Indak Ka Babaliak" (2024) * "Sayang Di Urang" (2024) * "Cinto Sairiang Jalan" (2024) * "Biakan Denai Sanang" (2025) * "Cinto Suci Badutoi" (2025) * "Malapeh Hao" (2025) * "Salah Manimbang" (2025) * "Usah Denai Uda Salahkan" (2025) * "Angok Dimato Uda" (2025) * "Kito Indak Sabilang" (2025) * "Tingga Jo Tangih" (2025) * "Rindu Sabateh Anggan" (2025) * "Takuik Taluko" (2025) * "Bagaluik Jo Parasaian" (2025) * "Aia Raso Baduri" (2025) * "Biakan Denai Surang" (2025) * "Maulang Sayang" (2025) * "Barek Malapeh Cinto" (2025) * "Saba Dalam Panantian" (2025) * "Hinggo Rambuik Mamutiah" (2025) * "Bialah Maurak Janji" (2025) * "Kaco Indak Kajadi Mutiara" (2025) * "Darah Taraso Baku" (2025) * "Manikam Dari Balakang" (2025) * "Kasiah Habih Sayang Tak Hilang" (2025) * "Usah Dipasalahkan" (2025) * "Tampek Jatuah Ka Dikana" (2026) * "Habih Tiado Basiso" (2026) * "Usah Dibandiang Bandiangkan" (2026) * "Tanti Batanti" (2026) * "Manutuik Hati" (2026) * "Dagiang Tak Basiso" (2026) * "Batamu Darah Tasirok" (2026) * "Adaik Mamak" (2026) * "Kaba Angin" (2026) * "Hilang Baru Taraso" (2026) * "Cando Tiado Paguno" (2026) == Rujuakan == <references /> [[Kategori:Panyanyi Minangkabau]] == Pautan lua == {{Instagram|rayolaksmi}} iom6yt9i06tgzc2ynpdxamu35bicz1u 0 326256 3352655 3352170 2026-09-16T20:56:03Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Tale''' merupokan tradisi nan sejak dahulu didendangkan dengan rangkaian nada yang khas. Tale artinyo nyanyian rakyat, atau bernyanyi basamo berasal dari kato “''tala''” (sanskerta) berarti ukuran bunyi.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Tambo sakti alam Kerinci|url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/571654134|publisher=Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Proyek Penerbitan Buku Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah|date=1984-|oclc=571654134|last=Zakaria, Iskandar, 1942-}}</ref> Ado duo pandapek mengenai asal kato tale iko. Pertamo berasal dari kato [[Arab]], yaitu tahlil, yaitu pernyataan umat islam bahwa tiado Tuhan selain allah. dengan bacaan ''Lailahaillallah.'' Bacaan iko taruih dipimpin oleh seorang imam. Bacaan tersebut dilaksanakan katiko adonyo acara-acara keagamaan. Misalnyo selesai sholat, ado acara sunnah rasul, khatam alqur’an, dan sebagainyo. Dari perkataan itu akhirnyo menjadi tale yang berarti lagu, karena urang bertahlil seperti bernyanyi pulo, berirama. Pandapek kaduo, berasal dari kata tali, yang dalam bahaso Kerinci disebut ''talai''.<ref>Zakaria, Iskandar, Ibid, hal, 4</ref> Tale haji adolah nyanyian rakyat dan kesenian tradisi lisan nan digunoan sejak dahulu oleh masyarakat [[kabupaten Kerinci]], dan [[kota Sungai Penuh]], [[Jambi]]. [[Berkas:Tale Haji.jpg|jmpl|''Patale'' saat ''butale'']] == Pemain Tale == Aktivitas ''batale'' dilakukan oleh ''patale''. ''Patale'' merupokan sebutan bagi urang yang menyanyian lagu pado tale. ''Patale'' indak tarikek jo jenis kelamin. ''Patale'' buliah berjenis kelamin laki-laki atau pun padusi. ''Patale'' jugo indak tarikek jo jumlah pelakunyo, bisa ditalekan secaro surang atau banyak urang.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://jurnal.isi-ska.ac.id/index.php/gelar/article/view/2600 |title=archive copy |access-date=2019-11-12 |archive-date=2019-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112155229/https://jurnal.isi-ska.ac.id/index.php/gelar/article/view/2600 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> == Isi Tale == Bernyanyi atau nan disabuik dalam bahaso Kerinci “''butale''”, berupo syair yang merupakan pantun-pantun yang berisikan makna atau pesan yang disampaikan dengan nyanyian menggunakan irama khas Kerinci. Tale haji merupokan nyanyian yang didendangkan menggunakan bahaso Kerinci yang secara umum mamakai bahaso daerah masing-masing di setiap desa yang ado di kabupaten Kerinci. Syair dalam Tale [[Haji]] mengungkapkan perasaan kesedihan jo kerinduan begitu pulo dengan perasaan sanang, gembira, dan bahagia dari para ''petale'' yang akan malapeh kepergian sanak saudara yang akan barangkek haji dan yang akan pai meninggalkan sanak saudara. == Fungsi Tale == Tale haji digunokan untuak mendoakan sanak nan hendak barangkek haji. Tale iko berisi tentang harapan-harapan, dan pujian kapado Allah Swt agar sanak yang barangkek naik haji ke tanah suci terlindung sampai kembali ke tanah air. Tale iko merupakan tale yang menganduang nilai agamo kareno berkaitan dengan agamo islam, jugo adat jo hiburan. Pado pelaksanaannyo, tale haji dilagukan oleh belasan hinggo puluhan laki-laki, jo padusi. Pelaksanaannyo dilakukan di masajik, dan di rumah sanak calon jamaah haji. Tale haji memiliki fungsi, yaitu: Mendoaan keselamatn urang yang akan melaksanakan haji; Sebagai ungkapan raso sedih malapeh kebarangkatan sanak saudara yang akan melaksanakan ibadah haji; Sebagai ungkapan raso kasih sayang sanak saudara yang akan melaksanakan ibadah haji; Sebagai perantara perpisahan antaro yang ditinggaan dengan yang akan barangkek melaksanakan ibadah haji; Menghibur tuan rumah yang akan ditinggalkan oleh urang yang melaksanakan ibadah haji.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ejournal.iainkerinci.ac.id/index.php/islamika/article/view/114 |title=archive copy |access-date=2019-11-12 |archive-date=2019-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112155228/https://ejournal.iainkerinci.ac.id/index.php/islamika/article/view/114 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> ---- == Rujuakan == <references responsive="" /><br /> 5jvnmvfcby5sxscaa8vnf2yawjzuhol 0 326571 3352648 3163128 2026-09-16T15:00:43Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ANT}} {{Speciesbox |image = Nepenthes rajah.png |image_caption = ''Nepenthes rajah'', tumbuahan pamakan sarangga paliang gadang di [[Gunuang Kinabalu]], [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]]. |status = EN |status_system = IUCN2.3 |status_ref = <ref name=status>Clarke, Cantley, Nerz, Rischer & Wistuba 2000.</ref> |status2 = CITES_A1 |status2_system = CITES |status2_ref = <ref name=CITES_A1>{{cite web |url= http://www.cites.org/eng/cop/08/E-Appendices.pdf |title= APPENDICES I AND II as adopted by the Conference of the Parties |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060214042229/http://cites.org/eng/cop/08/E-Appendices.pdf |archivedate= 2006-02-14 }}&nbsp;{{small|(120&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}</ref> |genus = Nepenthes |species = rajah |authority = [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]] (1859) |range_map = Nepenthes rajah distribution.png |range_map_caption = Bagian barono ijau tarang manunjuakan tampek alami tumbuahnyo ''Nepenthes rajah'' di [[Kalimantan]]. |synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true |title=<small>[[Heterochresonym]]s</small> |''Nepenthes rajah''<br/><small>''auct. non'' [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]: [[Adrian Slack|A.Slack]] (1986)<br/>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''[[Nepenthes x alisaputrana|Nepenthes × alisaputrana]]'']</small> |''Nepenthes rajah''<br/><small>''auct. non'' [[Joseph Dalton Hooker|Hook.f.]]: [[Gordon Cheers|G.Cheers]] (1992)<br/>[<nowiki>=</nowiki>''[[Nepenthes x kinabaluensis|Nepenthes × kinabaluensis]]'']</small> }} }} {{italic title}}'''''Nepenthes rajah''''' {{IPAc-en|n|ᵻ|ˈ|p|ɛ|n|θ|iː|z|_|ˈ|r|ɑː|dʒ|ə}} adolah spesies tumbuahan [[pariuk karo|pariuak karo]]. Biaso tumbuah pado tanah lambok sarato banutrisi randah jo katinggian 1.500–2.600 mdpl. Spesies ko marupokan spesies paliang gadang diantaro tumbuahan pariuak karo dan juo di antaro sadoalah tumbuahan pamakan sarangga lainnyo. Binatang nan biaso dimangsonyo adolah [[samuik]] atau karanggo, tapi panah pulo ditamukan [[mancik]] nan alah satangah cerna dalam pariuaknyo.''<ref name="rats">Phillipps 1988, p. 55.</ref>'' Tumbuahan ko marupokan tumbuahan pamakan sarangga asali [[Gunuang Kinabalu]] jo [[Gunuang Tambayukon]] di [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]]. Dek area tumbuahnyo nan tabateh, pariuak karo jinih ko didaftaran sabagai spesies tarancam punah dek ''International Union for Conservation of Nature'' ([[IUCN]]). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.atlasobscura.com/places/nepenthes-rajah-the-king-of-the-pitcher-plants|title=Nepenthes Rajah: The King of the Pitcher Plants|last=|first=|date=|website=Atlas Obscura|publisher=|language=Inggirih|access-date=2019-12-12}}</ref>''<ref name="Clarke2">Clarke 1997, p. 123.</ref><ref name=CITES_A1>{{cite web |url= http://www.cites.org/eng/cop/08/E-Appendices.pdf |title= APPENDICES I AND II as adopted by the Conference of the Parties |url-status= dead |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20060214042229/http://cites.org/eng/cop/08/E-Appendices.pdf |archivedate= 2006-02-14 }}&nbsp;{{small|(120&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}</ref> ''N. rajah'' partamo kali ditamukan dek [[Hugh Low]] pado taun 1858 nan kudian dideskripsikan dek [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]], nan maagiah namo tumbuahan ko manuruik gala nan disandang [[James Brooke]] sangkek tu, yaitu Rajo Kulik Putiah Sarawak partamo (''White Rajah of Sarawak''). Sajak panamuan tu, tumbuahan ko manjadi tumbuahan koleksi dek urang-urang kayo gadang dek parawatannyo nan cukuik maha.''<ref name="Hooker1859">Hooker 1859.</ref>'' Nepenthes rajah manjadi tanamo pulo sabagai tanaman paliang gadang dek panah tasuo nan ukurannyo mancapai panjang 41 cm jo leba 20 cm nan dapek manampuang inggo 3,5 liter aia.''<ref name="largest">Hamilton, G. 2011. {{cite web|url=http://thesabahsociety.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/TheSabahSocietyMesilauTrip.pdf|title=The Sabah Society Mesilau Trip, March 26–27, 2011.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180930031901/http://thesabahsociety.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/TheSabahSocietyMesilauTrip.pdf|archive-date=2018-09-30|access-date=2011-07-02|url-status=dead}} The Sabah Society.</ref><ref name="McPherson">McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''[[Pitcher Plants of the Old World]]''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.</ref><ref name="Focus">{{cite web|url=http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol1no4/focus_pitcher_plant.pdf|title=Focus: Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526141837/http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol1no4/focus_pitcher_plant.pdf|archivedate=2006-05-26|url-status=dead}}&nbsp;{{small|(111&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}</ref>'' == Panamoan == [[Berkas:Sir_James_Brooke_(1847)_by_Francis_Grant.jpg|kiri|jmpl|James Brooke]] Namo tumbuahan ko partamo kali diagiah [[Joseph Dalton Hooker]] pado taun 1859 subagai tando horomaik ka [[Rajo Kulik Putiah]] [[Sarawak]] (''White Rajah of Sarawak'') partamo yaitu [[Sir James Brooke]].<ref name="Kurata">Kurata 1976, p. 61.</ref> ''Rajah'' dalam panamoan binomial tumbuahan ko barasa dari [[bahaso Malayu]] ''raja'' ([[Bahaso Minangkabau|Minang]]: ''rajo'') sainggo sacaro harafiah ''Nepenthes rajah'' aratinyo "Rajo Pariuak Karo".<ref name="Steiner">Steiner 2002, p. 94.</ref> Samantaro panamoan umum dalam [[bahaso Inggirih]] ado banyak ragamnyo, di antaronyo ''Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant'' (Pariuak Karo Rajo Brooke) atau ''Giant Malaysian Pitcher Plant'' (Pariuak Karo Gadang Malaysia).<ref name="Gibson">Gibson 1983.</ref> == Karakteristik tumbuahan == [[Berkas:Kinabalu_Mesilau_N._rajah_upper_pitcher_plant_2.jpg|ka|jmpl|300x300px|Tumbuhan nan alah gadang dapek mampunyoi pariuak randah jo tinggi.]] ''Nepenthes rajah'' marupokan tumbuahan nan mulonyo tumbuah di ateh tanah nan kudian sairiang tumbuahnyo marambat jo mamanjek batang pohon nan ado di dakeknyo sainggo dapek manunjang tagaknyo. Diameter batang dari tumbuhan ko kiro-kiro ≤30&nbsp;mm dan dapek mancapai panjang inggo 6 m, walau saketek nan diateh 3 m. Rono dari pariuaknyo adolah coklat galok dalam baragam paduan rono.''<ref>Clarke 1997, pp. 10, 120.</ref>'' === Daun === Urek ''N. rajah'' sangaik laweh sebanyo, walau baitu urek tumbuhan ko tatanam dangka bak cando pariuak karo lainnyo. Dari ureknyo tumbuah batang nan marambat sarato mahasiakan daun di sapanjangnyo. Daun ''N. rajah'' sangaiklah khas jo ukuran nan gadang. Dari ujuang daun, barubah manjadi sulua-sulua (''tendril'') panjang atau pendek. Di ujuang sulua ado tuneh ketek nan bisa bakambang manjadi parangkap sarangga. Jadi, pariuak nan manjadi bagian khas satiok tumbuahan [[pariuak karo]] barasa dari modifikasi daun.''<ref>Clarke 2001b,pp. 120,122 </ref>'' Bagian masih ijau sabalun mambantuak sulua adolah bagian nan paliang manyarupoi daun pado umumnyo dan bagian nan ijau ko disabuik ''lamina'' atau alai daun. Pamukoan daunnyo kasa jo tapian nan bagalombang, sarato bantuak daun nan ''peltate'' (mampunyoi pangka daun nan mambuleh sarato agak cakuang dek di patangahan bagian buleknyo tahubuang jo tangkai daun) jo lonjong inggo lanset. ''Lamina'' dapek mancapai panjang 80 cm jo leba 15 cm. ko Ado tigo inggo limo urek-urek vena daun nan bajalan pado tiok sisi lamina dan bacabang inggo ka tapi daun. Sabalun mancapai bagian puncak lamina (agak <u><</u>5 cm) ado pamanjangan sulua nan bisa mancapai 50 cm nan kudiannyo ka barubah manjadi pariuak.''<ref>Clarke 2001b,pp. 120,122 </ref>'' === Pariuak === Pariuak ''N. rajah'' tadiri ateh babarapo bagian. Bagian paliang ateh nan manyarupoi payuang disabuik panutuik atau ''operculum.'' Panutuik ko baguno untuak maalau tampieh aia ujan sainggo isi pariuak indak talampau panuah dan rusak. Kudian ado bagian muluik pariuak nan kareh manyarupoi bibia disabuik sabagai ''peristome''. Turun dari bagian bibia pariuak, ado sapasang sayok nan lakek dari bagian bawah bibia pariuak inggo bawah dindiang lua pariuak. Sayok ko baguno untuak maarahan sarangga nan di ateh tanah untuk masuak ka dalam pariuak. Pariuak ''N. rajah'' tabagi duo jinih. Ado pariuak jinih "randah" atau "tanah" nan paliang banyak jinihnyo. Pariuak randah ko manapak di tanah sarato mampunyoi ukuran nan sangaik gadang, baragam paduan rono, jo bantuak nan agak mambulek talua. Ukuran bisa mancapai 40 cm nan dapek manampuang inggo 3,5 liter aia jo 2,5 liternyo adolah cairan cerna. Walau baitu rato-rato anyo sampai 200 ml. Pado pariuak randah, sulua malakek dibagian muko pariuak.''<ref name="ClarkeIV">Clarke 2001b, p. 7.</ref><ref name="Focus2">{{cite web|url=http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol1no4/focus_pitcher_plant.pdf|title=Focus: Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060526141837/http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol1no4/focus_pitcher_plant.pdf|archivedate=2006-05-26|url-status=dead}}&nbsp;{{small|(111&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}}</ref>'' Ukuran paliang gadang nan dilaporkan sampai kini adolah nan ditamukan pado 26 Maret 2011 yaitu sapanjang 41 cm.''<ref name="largest"/>'' Saingan N. rajah soal ukuran pariuak antaro lain ''[[Nepenthes merrilliana|N. merrilliana]], [[Nepenthes truncata|N. truncata]],'' jo bantuak basa dari ''[[Nepenthes rafflesiana|N. rafflesiana]].'' Walau baitu, ''N. rajah'' mampunyoi rono nan khas kok dibandiangan jo pariuak karo lainnyo. Rono pariuaknyo nyato bedanyo jo bagian tumbuahan nan lain nan ijau kakuniangan. Rono bagian lua pariuak baragam dari sirah inggo kaunguan, sadangkan bagian dalam dari ijau limau inggo kaunguan. ''<ref>Clarke 2001b, p. 26.</ref>'' Jinih kaduo dari pariuak N. rajah adolah pariuak "tinggi" atau "gantuang". Pariuak tinggi lataknyo indak di ateh tanah tapi manggantuang di udaro. Mampunyoi ukuran nan labiah ketek daripado pariuak randah sarato rononyo nan kurang baragam. Pabedaan lainnyo yaitu pado sulua nan lataknyo agak ka balakang sarato sayok nan mulai indak ado. Pariuak tinggi digunokan untuak mamarangkap sarangga tabang. Pariuak nan ko biaso muncua pado tumbuahan nan alah gadang. Walau baitu, pariuak tinggi pado ''N. rajah'' labiah jarang tasuo.''<ref>Clarke & Kruger 2005</ref>'' [[Berkas:Kinabalu_Mesilau_N._rajah_upper_pitcher_3.jpg|kiri|jmpl|Pariuak gantuang]] Bibia pariuak (''peristome'') ''N. rajah'' mampunyoi ciri khas khas dibandiang pariuak karo lainnyo. Ciri khasnyo talatak pado bantuaknyo nan leba sarato bagarigi tajam di tapi luanyo. Ado bagian nan manonjol-nonjol dan manjadi rusuak dari bibia pariuak. Dari bagian bibia paliang randah, bajalan sapasang sayok nan manuruni dindiang pariuak inggo malakek ka sulua.''<ref name="Baueretal2012">Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous ''Nepenthes'' pitcher plants. ''Journal of Evolutionary Biology'' '''25'''(1): 90–102. {{DOI|10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x}}</ref>'' Ciri khas lainnyo adolah pado payuang pariuaknyo. Payuang pariuaknyo (''operculum'') gadang mambantuak gobah. Bantuaknyo condong mambuek, jo ado urek di kaduo sisinyo.''<ref>{{de icon}} Schmid-Hollinger, R. N.d. [http://www.bio-schmidhol.ch/site/index.cfm?id_art=54826&actMenuItemID=25460&vsprache/DE/Kannendeckel__lid_.cfm Kannendeckel (lid)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131206025936/http://www.bio-schmidhol.ch/site/index.cfm?id_art=54826&actMenuItemID=25460&vsprache%2FDE%2FKannendeckel__lid_.cfm |date=2013-12-06 }}. bio-schmidhol.ch. <!--https://www.webcitation.org/6La1Hg1xj--></ref>'' Di bagian lakangnyo ado taji nan baukuran 20 mm dan indak bacabang.''<ref name="ClarkeIII">Clarke 1997, p. 122.</ref>'' N. rajah dikataui juo mampunyoi kelenjar nektar nan sangaik gadang nan manutuik pariuaknyo. Hal iko mambedakannyo jo pariuak baruak lainnyo. Di bagian dalamnyo, dapek mancapai 300 inggo 800 kelenjar/cm².''<ref name=Danser>Danser 1928, 38.</ref>'' === Bungo === Nepenthes rajah dapek babungo sapanjang taun. Bungo-bungo ''N. rajah'' tumbuah dalam sarumpun bungo. Rumpun bungo muncua dari pucuak batang utamo, tumbuah inggo sapanjang 80 cm, bahkan ado pulo nan bisa mancapai 120 cm.''<ref name="Focus2" /><ref name="ClarkeIII" />'' Pado satiok rumpun N. rajah hanyo mampunyoi ciek kelamin bungo. Bungo N. rajah juo dilaporkan mahasiakan aroma gulo nan kuek sarato barono kuniang kacoklatan. Satiok bungo nan tumbuah dapek babuah jo buah nan dihasiakannyo baukuran 10-20 mm jo rono oranye kacoklatan.''<ref>Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. {{cite web|url=http://psasir.upm.edu.my/3779/1/Palynological_Study_of_Bornean_Nepenthes_%28Nepenthaceae%29.pdf|title=Palynological study of Bornean ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae).|access-date=2019-12-13|archive-date=2016-10-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009183725/http://psasir.upm.edu.my/3779/1/Palynological_Study_of_Bornean_Nepenthes_%28Nepenthaceae%29.pdf|dead-url=yes}} ''Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science'' '''22'''(1): 1–7.</ref>'' == Ekologi == [[Berkas:Kinabalu_ultramafic_soil.png|kiri|jmpl|Tanah serpentin (kuniang) di Taman Nasional Kinabalu (ijau)]][[Berkas:Mount_kinabalu_01.png|jmpl|180x180px|Gunuang Kinabalu]] Seba tumbuah ''Nepenthes rajah'' ko tabateh pado [[Gunuang Kinabalu]] jo [[Gunuang Tambayukon]], nan kaduonyo basabalahan sarato masuak dalam [[Taman Nasional Kinabalu]], [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia Timur|Malaysia]].<ref name="Clarke">Clarke 1997, p. 123.</ref> Gunuang Kinabalu marupokan gunuang tatinggi di Pulau [[Kalimantan]] jo tatinggi sa-[[Malaysia]] jo katinggian 4.095,2 mdpl.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sabah.gov.my/mocet/|title=Sabah Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Environment Homepage|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060423041755/http://www.sabah.gov.my/mocet/|archive-date=2006-04-23|access-date=2006-05-02|url-status=dead}}</ref> Gunuang Kinabalu tabatuak dari struktur granit padek. Pado lereang bawahnyo tasusun dek batu-batu pasia dek bantuakan pasian lauik 35 juta taun nan lewaik. Sadangkan di bagian salilik gunuang nan labiah tinggi banyak tasusun dari tanah ultramafik atau tanah serpentin nan banyak kanduangan logam barek sarupo nikel jo kromium sarato tanah nan kurang nutrisi cando pado tanah subua biaso. Namun, di bagian ko banyak basarobok tumbuahan-tumbuahan langka nan asali kawasan ko.{{sfn|Gibson2}}<ref name=":0">Adlassnig, Peroutka, Lambers & Lichtscheidl 2005.</ref> Samantaro Gunuang Tambayukon adolah gunuang tatinggi katigo di Malaysia nan punyo katinggian inggo 2.579 mdpl. Gunuang ko ado di sisi utara dari Gunuang Kinabalu.<ref>{{cite book|author1=George Argent|author2=Anthony Lamb|author3=Anthea Phillipps|title=The Rhododendrons of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5DklAQAAMAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Natural History Publications (Borneo)|isbn=978-983-812-111-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author1=Lawrence S. Hamilton|author2=James O. Juvik|author3=F.N. Scatena|title=Tropical Montane Cloud Forests|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pO_SBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA194|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-1-4612-2500-3|p=194}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sabahtourism.com/destination/mount-tambuyukon/|title=Mount Tambuyukon|publisher=Sabah Tourism|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702020854/https://www.sabahtourism.com/destination/mount-tambuyukon/|archivedate=2 July 2019|accessdate=2 July 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> ''Nepenthes rajah'' marupokan tumbuahan gunuang nan tumbuah pado katinggian 1.500–2.600 mdpl.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://homepage.univie.ac.at/christian.puff/AS_Borneo_Kinabalu.htm|title=Vegetation Zones on Mount Kinabalu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050915121301/http://homepage.univie.ac.at/christian.puff/AS_Borneo_Kinabalu.htm|archive-date=2005-09-15|access-date=2006-04-14|url-status=dead}}</ref> Pado katinggian tasabuik dapek tajadi parubahan suhu nan sangaik bajauahan. Pado kondisi siang bisa manjadi sangaik angek apolai kok indak barawan dek pancayoan [[matoari]] nan sangaik intens.<ref name=ClarkeII>Clarke 1997, p. 120.</ref> Samantaro manjadi talampau dingin di malam ari dek paningkekan kalambaban udaro (dapek barubah dari 65–75% manjadi 95%).<ref>Clarke 1997, p. 29.</ref> Pado kaduo gunuang tasabuik, ''Nepenthes rajah'' tumbuah di ateh tanah balogam barek cando [[nikel]] jo [[kromium]] nan biasonyo manjadi tubo untuak banyak tumbuahan.{{sfn|Gibson2}} Tananhnyo kayo jo [[magnesium]] sarato [[alkalin]]. Pado kaadaan iko, ''N. rajah'' dapek batahan iduik, sainggo indak baitu banyak punyo pasaiang di tampeknyo tumbuah. Dipakirokan 16% tanah di [[Taman Nasional Kinabalu]] marupokan tanah ba[[logam barek]]. Salain ''N. rajah'', adopulo spesies pariuak karo lainnyo nan bisa tumbuah yaitu ''[[Nepenthes x alisaputrana|N. &#xD7; alisaputrana]]'' jo ''[[Nepenthes villosa|N. villosa]].''<ref name=":0" /><ref>Kaul 1982.</ref><ref>Clarke 2001b.</ref> == Simbiosis == === Karnivora === [[Image:Rajahlizard.jpg|thumb|135px|Cicak nan baru tabanam ka dalam pariuak. Wakatu foto ko diambiak, cicak dielo kalua]]Nepenthes rajah adolah tumbuahan karnivora. Makanan utamonyo adolah sarangga sarupo samuik atau karanggo,''<ref name="ClarkeIV" />'' adopulo binatang ketek lain sarupo [[koncek]], cicak, bingkaruang ketek, jo [[buruang]]. Mungkin untuak binatang ketek labiah dek kondisi binatang tasabuik sadang mancari tampek balinduang atau dek sakik.''<ref name="Clarke33">Clarke 1997, p. 33.</ref>'' Di lua itu, panah pulo dilaporkan mamalia takuruang di dalam pariuaknyo sarupo [[mancik]] jo [[tupai]]. Ado duo laporan pangamatan soal mancik nan ikuik tabanam, yiaut pangamatan partamo di taun 1862 dek [[Spenser St. John]], nan mangawani [[Hugh Low]] untuak duo kali pandakian,''<ref name="Steiner" />'' dan ciek lai di taun 1988 dek [[Anthea Phillipps]] jo [[Anthony Lamb]].''<ref name="rats" /><ref name="Steiner" />'' Samantaro pado taun 2011 ado laporan soal tupai gunuang nan takuruang.''<ref name="Rattus2">Wells, K., M.B. Lakim, S. Schulz & M. Ayasse 2011. Pitchers of ''Nepenthes rajah'' collect faecal droppings from both diurnal and nocturnal small mammals and emit fruity odour. ''Journal of Tropical Ecology'' '''27'''(4): 347–353. {{DOI|10.1017/S0266467411000162}}</ref><ref name="Walker">Walker, M. 2010. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/earth/hi/earth_news/newsid_8552000/8552157.stm Giant meat-eating plants prefer to eat tree shrew poo]. ''BBC Earth News'', March 10, 2010.</ref>''[[File:Rattus baluensis visiting Nepenthes rajah.png|thumb|left|upright|Mancik utan kinabalu (''[[Rattus baluensis]])'' makan dari nektar ''N. rajah''.]] ===Mutualisme jo mamalia=== Tupai gunuang (''[[Tupaia montana]]'') jo mancik utan kinabalu (''[[Rattus baluensis]]'')''<ref name="Rattus2" /><ref name="Rattus">Greenwood, M., C. Clarke, C.C. Lee, A. Gunsalam & R.H. Clarke 2011. A unique resource mutualism between the giant Bornean pitcher plant, ''Nepenthes rajah'', and members of a small mammal community. ''PLoS ONE'' '''6'''(6): e21114. {{DOI|10.1371/journal.pone.0021114}}</ref>'' marupokan duo mamalia nan acok dilaporkan punyo hubuangan basilabo jo ''N. rajah''. Pado bagian bawah payuang pariuak ''N. rajah'' ado nektar sabagai makanan untuak tupai jo mancik. Jarak antaro payuang pariuak jo bibia pariuak dinilai sasuai jo panjang tubuah kaduo mamalia ko. Salamo makan, tupai biasonyo buang aia gadang pulo, dan kotoran nan dihasiakan masuak ka dalam pariuak dan manjadi cadangan nitrogen untuak ''N. rajah''.''<ref>Chin, L., J.A. Moran & C. Clarke 2010. Trap geometry in three giant montane pitcher plant species from Borneo is a function of tree shrew body size. ''New Phytologist'' '''186''' (2): 461–470. {{DOI|10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03166.x}}</ref><ref>Clarke, C., J.A. Moran & L. Chin 2010. Mutualism between tree shrews and pitcher plants: perspectives and avenues for future research. ''Plant Signaling & Behavior'' '''5'''(10): 1187–1189. {{DOI|10.4161/psb.5.10.12807}}</ref>'' Antaro tupai jo mancik punyo jam makannyo surang-surang. Dilaporkan baso tupai mangunjuangi ''N. rajah'' katiko siang ari, sadangkan mancik pado malam ari.''<ref name="Rattus" />'' <br /> === Binatang iduik dalam pariuak === {{main|Nepenthes infauna}}Walau tanamo sabagai tumbuahan pamakan binatang, pariuak karo N.rajah bisa manjadi tampek balinduang dek babarapo binatang ketek. Hal iko disabuik jo istilah ''infauna''. Manuruik Clarke hubuangan binatang-binatang ko jo ''N. rajah'' alun lai jaleh.''<ref>Clarke 1997, pp. 42–43.</ref>'' Adopulo serangga nan hanyo bisa iduik di dalam pariuak karo, indak bisa di tampek lain. Binantang atua sarangga cando iko disabuik sabagai ''nepenthebionts''.''<ref>Beaver 1979, pp. 1–10.</ref>'' Contoh nepenthebionts nan tanamo adolah rangik ''[[Culex rajah]]'' jo ''[[Toxorhynchites rajah]].'' Kaduo rangik ko batalua jo iduik manjadi larva (jentik-jentik) di dalam pariuak ''N. rajah''. Hal iko partamo kali dilaporkan dek Masuhisa Tsukamoto taun 1989, manuruik tamuan larva nan inyo dapek sajak tigo taun sabalunnyo. Dari pangamatannyo ditamukan baso larva-larva nan iduik balampih jo ''[[Vorticella]]'' nan manyarupoi [[protozoa]]. Namun, alun dikataui bana apokah ''N. rajah'' talibaik dalam pamindahan panyakik dek manjadi tampek balinduang [[rangik]] atau indak. === Amo=== Ado masonyo babarapo binatang manjadi amo untuak ''N. rajah'' dapek batahan iduik. Kadang, ''N. rajah'' disarang dek sarangga-sarangga nan mamakanan bagian daunnyo jo lapisan dindiangnyo. Ado pulo, binatang mamalia lainnyo sarupo [[baruak]] nan kadang-kadang mangoyak pariuak ''N. rajah'' untuak mancari makan dari dalamnyo.<ref>Burbidge 1880.</ref> == Galeri == <gallery mode="packed-overlay" heights="200"> Berkas:Nep rajah peltate.jpg|Karakteristik daun ''N. rajah'' nan bantuaknyo ''peltate'' Berkas:Nep rajah2 flower.jpg|Bungo ''N. rajah'' Berkas:Nep rajah28.jpg|Buah ''N. rajah'' Berkas:Nepenthes rajah 41 cm pitcher.jpg|Pariuak 41&nbsp;cm nan ditamukan pado Maret 2011 </gallery> == Rujuakan == {{Reflist|2}} === Daftar pustaka === {{refbegin|2}} * [Anonymous] 1881. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26126548 Messrs. Veitch's ''Nepenthes''-house.] ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'', new series, '''16'''(410): 598–599. * [Anonymous] 1883. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26130371 Mr. A. E. Ratcliff's ''Nepenthes'']. ''The Gardeners' Chronicle'' '''20'''(497): 18–19. * [Anonymous] 1884. 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''Plant Biology'' '''3'''(2): 164–175. {{DOI|10.1055/s-2001-12897}} * {{de icon}} Meimberg, H. 2002. {{cite web|url= http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1078/1/Meimberg_Harald.pdf |title=Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. }} Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich. * Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. ''Plant Biology'' '''8'''(6): 831–840. {{DOI|10.1055/s-2006-924676}} * Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the ''trnK'' intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''39'''(2): 478–490. {{DOI|10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023}} * Mey, F.S. 2014. [http://carnivorousockhom.blogspot.fr/2014/02/joined-lecture-on-carnivorous-plants-of.html Joined lecture on carnivorous plants of Borneo with Stewart McPherson.] ''Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle'', February 21, 2014. * [[J. A. Moran|Moran, J. A.]] 1991. The role and mechanism of ''Nepenthes rafflesiana'' pitchers as insect traps in Brunei. Ph.D. thesis, [[University of Aberdeen]], [[Aberdeen]], [[Scotland]]. * [[Ernest Charles Nelson|Nelson, E. C.]] The waxing of glorious ''rajah''. ''Kew magazine'' [May 1991] '''8''' (2): 81–89. * [[Joachim Nerz|Nerz, J.]] & [[Andreas Wistuba|A. Wistuba]] 2007. ''Nepenthes mantalingajanensis'' (Nepenthaceae), eine bemerkenswerte neue Spezies aus Palawan (Philippinen). ''[[Das Taublatt]]'' '''55'''(3): 17–25. * {{jp icon}} Oikawa, T. 1992. ''Nepenthes Rajah'' Hook.f.. In: {{Nihongo||無憂草 – Nepenthes|[[List of Nepenthes literature|Muyū kusa – Nepenthes]]}}. [''The Grief Vanishing''.] Parco Co., Japan. pp.&nbsp;8–9. * [[Anthea Phillipps|Phillipps, A.]] 1988. {{cite web|url= http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/articles/CPNv17n2p55.pdf |title=A Second Record of Rats as Prey in ''Nepenthes rajah''. }}&nbsp;{{small|(203&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}} ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''17''' (2): 55. * [[Anthea Phillipps|Phillipps, A.]] & [[Anthony Lamb|A. Lamb]] 1996. ''[[Pitcher Plants of Borneo]]''. [[Natural History Publications (Borneo)|Natural History Publications]] ([[Borneo]]), [[Kota Kinabalu]]. x + 171 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|983-812-009-X}} * Reginald 1883. ''Nepenthes Rajah'' J. D. Hooker. ''[[Gartenflora]]'', XXXII, p.&nbsp;213. * [[Spenser St. John|Saint-John, S.]] 1862. ''Life in the Forests of the Far East; or, Travels in northern Borneo''. 2 volumes. London: Smith, Elder & Co. (reprinted by [[Oxford University Press]], 1974) * [[R. Simpson|Simpson, R.]] 1991. Plants in peril, 15: ''Nepenthes rajah''. ''Kew magazine'' [May 1991] '''8''' (2): 89–94. * Slack, A. 1979. ''Nepenthes rajah''. In: ''Carnivorous Plants''. Ebury Press, London. p.&nbsp;85. * [[Adrian Slack|Slack, A.]] 1986. ''Insect-Eating Plants and How to Grow Them''. Alphabooks, [[Dorset]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]. 172 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|0-906670-42-X}} (hardback) {{ISBN|0-906670-35-7}} (paperback) * [[R. M. Som|Som, R. M.]] 1988. Systematic studies on ''Nepenthes'' species and hybrids in the Malay Peninsula. Ph.D. thesis, Fakulti Sains Hayat, [[Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]], UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan. * [[Clive A. Stace|Stace, C.A.]] 1980. ''Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics''. Arnold, London. {{ISBN|0-521-42785-1}} * [[Hugo Steiner|Steiner, H.]] 2002. ''[[Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants]]''. Toihaan Publishing Company, [[Kota Kinabalu]]. viii + 136 pp.&nbsp;{{ISBN|983-40421-1-6}} * Thorogood, C. 2010. ''[[The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives]]''. Nova Science Publishers, New York. * [[Masuhisa Tsukamoto|Tsukamoto, M.]] 1989. {{cite web |url= http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/133700-0.pdf |title= Two New Mosquito Species from a Pitcher Plant of Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia: ''Culex rajah'' and ''Toxorhynchites rajah'' (Diptera: Culicidae) |access-date= 2009-12-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110723204219/http://www.mosquitocatalog.org/files/pdfs/133700-0.pdf |archive-date= 2011-07-23 |url-status= dead }}. ''[[Japanese Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene]]'', '''17''' (3): 215–228. * Yeo, J. 1996. A trip to Kinabalu Park. ''[[Bulletin of the Australian Carnivorous Plant Society, Inc.]]'' '''15'''(4): 4–5. <!--http://www.kew.org/uhtbin/cgisirsi.exe/?ps=d2AibDRwIU/PUBNS/195340009/9 = Wax model in glass case, 'Nepenthes Rajah, Hk.f BORNEO Modelled by Miss Blackman from a Plant Growing at Glasnevin' Blackman, Edith Delta (1868-1947)--> {{refend}} == Pautan lua == {{Commons}}{{Wikispecies}}{{Wikisource|Description of Nepenthes rajah Hook.f. (1859)}}{{Wikiquote}}{{Wikispecies|Nepenthes x alisaputrana|Nepenthes × alisaputrana}}{{Wikispecies|Nepenthes x kinabaluensis|Nepenthes × kinabaluensis}} === Umum === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060526141837/http://www.arcbc.org.ph/arcbcweb/pdf/vol1no4/focus_pitcher_plant.pdf Focus: Rajah Brooke's Pitcher Plant]{{En icon}} * [http://www.fleischfressendepflanzen.de/db/species.ffp?id=435 Die Karnivoren-Datenbank: ''Nepenthes rajah''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420121701/http://www.fleischfressendepflanzen.de/db/species.ffp?id=435 |date=2021-04-20 }} {{de icon}} === Gambar === * [http://www.joachim-nerz.de/rajah.htm Photographs of ''N. rajah'' in its natural habitat] {{En icon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051130055638/http://www.arkive.org/species/GES/plants_and_algae/Nepenthes_rajah/more_still_images.html Images of ''N. rajah'' in natural habitat and tissue culture] {{En icon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050214195113/http://www.borneoexotics.com/Species%20Data/rajah.htm Borneo Exotics: ''Nepenthes rajah''] {{En icon}} === Budidaya === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160921065900/http://www.cpzine.com/displayarticle.asp?cid=13&y=2002&m=6&d=21 ''N. rajah'' Cultivation Notes] {{En icon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060315190427/http://www.cpjungle.com/nucraj.htm Further Cultivation Notes] {{En icon}} * [http://www.coloradocarnivorousplantsociety.com/Nepenthes_rajah.htm Colorado Carnivorous Plant Society: ''Nepenthes rajah''] {{En icon}} * [http://home.arcor.de/j.danz/N_rajah_f.html Growth of plant in cultivation over several years] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221643/http://home.arcor.de/j.danz/N_rajah_f.html |date=2016-03-03 }} {{En icon}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041226132950/http://www-cp.stech.co.jp/cp/nepe/rajah_e.html Large plants in cultivation] {{En icon}} === Lainnyo === * [http://www.ipni.org/ipni/idPlantNameSearch.do?id=603791-1 The International Plant Names Index: ''Nepenthes rajah''] {{En icon}} * [http://www.omnisterra.com/botany/cp/pictures/nepenthe/dansermg/dans49.htm ''Nepenthes rajah'' entry from Danser's Monograph] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060830230144/http://www.omnisterra.com/botany/cp/pictures/nepenthe/dansermg/dans49.htm |date=2006-08-30 }} {{En icon}} * [http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=39690 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: ''Nepenthes rajah''] {{En icon}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=trWzDlRvv1M Video about ''Nepenthes rajah''] dari ''[[The Private Life of Plants]]'' {{En icon}} [[Kategori:Biologi]] [[Kategori:Nepenthes]] elfshxaq9n9kfu020yyia04q4azs8j6 0 327538 3352656 3351733 2026-09-16T21:12:33Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352656 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Teknologi Informasi''' ('''TI'''), atau dalam bahaso Inggrisnyo dikana jo istilah ''Information technology'' (''IT'') adolah istilah umum untuak teknologi apo ajo nan mambantu manusio dalam mambuek, mangubah, manyimpan, mangomunikasian jo/sarato manyabarkan informasi. TI manyatuan komputasi jo komunikasi berkacapekan tinggi untuak data, suaro, jo video. Contoh dari Teknologi Informasi indak hanyo sarupo jo komputer pribadi, tapi jugo telepon, TV, alaik rumah tanggo elektronik, jo paranti ganggam modern (misalnyo ponsel). Dalam konteks bisnis, Information Technology Association of America manjalehan Pangolahan, panyimpanan jo panyebaran vokal, informasi bagamba, teks jo numerik dek mikroelektronika babasis kombinasi komputasi jo telekomunikasi.<ref>{{Citation|title=Dictionary of Information Technology|year=1985}}</ref> Istilah dalam arati modern patamo kali muncua dalam sabuah artikel 1958 nan ditarbitkan dalam ''Harvard Business Review'', di mano panulih Leavitt jo Whisler mangecekan "teknologi baru alun punyo namo tungga nan didirian. Kito akan manyabuiknyo teknologi informasi (TI). ".<ref name="OEDIT">{{Citation|year=1989}}</ref> Babarapo bidang modern nan muncua dari teknologi informasi adolah generasi barikuiknyo teknologi web, bioinformatika, <nowiki>''</nowiki>Cloud Computing<nowiki>''</nowiki>, sistem informasi global, Skala gadang basis pengetahuan jo lain-lain. == Sajarah == Pado awal sajarah, manusio batuka informasi jo [[bahaso]]. Mako bahaso adolah teknologi, [[bahaso]] mamungkinkan sasaurang manjalehan informasi nan disampaian dek urang lain tatapi itu indak batahan sacara lamo karano habiah mangecek itu salasai, mako informasi nan ado di tangan si panarimo itu akan dilupoan jo indak biso disimpan lamo. Salain itu jangkauan suaro jugo tabateh. Salapeh itu teknologi panyampaian informasi bakambang jo gambar. Jo gamba jangkauan informasi lai labih jauh. Gamba iko lai dibawok-bawok jo disampaian kapada urang lain. Salapeh itu informasi nan ado akan batahan labiah lamo. Babarapo gamba paninggaan zaman purba masih ado sampai sakarang sahingga manusio sakarang dapek (manyubo) memahami informasi nan namua disampaian pambueknyo. Ditemukannyo alfabet jo angko arabik mamudahan caro panyampaian informasi nan labiah efisien dari caro nan sabalumnyo. Suatu gamba nan mawakili suatu paristiwa dibuek dek kombinasi alfabet, atau dek panulihan angko, sarupo MCMXLIII diganti jo [[1943]]. Teknologi jo alfabet iko mamudahan dalam panulihan informasi itu. Kamudian, teknologi parcetakan mamungkinkan pangiriman informasi labiah capek liak. Teknologi elektronik sarupo [[radio]], televisi, [[komputer]] mengakibatkan informasi manjadi labiah capek tasaba di area nan labiah lueh jo labiah lamo tasimpan. == Informasi umum == [[Berkas:2005ICT.PNG|ka|jmpl|400x400px|Informasi jo Teknologi komunikasi 2005]] TI adolah bidang pangalolaan teknologi jo mancakuik babagai bidang nan tamasuak tatapi indak tabateh pado hal-hal sarupo proses, perangkek luneik komputer, sistem informasi, perangkek kareh komputer, bahaso pemrograman, jo data konstruksi. Singkeknyo, apo nan mambuek data, informasi jo pangatahuan nan dirasoan dalam format visual apopun, satiok mekanisme distribusi multimedia, dianggap bagian dari TI. TI manyadioan bisnis dek ampek set layanan inti untuak mambantu manjalehan strategi bisnis: proses bisnis otomatisasi, maagiah informasi, manghubungkan jo pelanggan, jo alaik-alaik produktivitas. TI mangarajoan babagai fungsi (TI Disiplin/Kompetensi) dari mang-instal Aplikasi untuak marancang jaringan komputer jo basis data informasi. Babarapo tugas nan TI karajoan lai tamasuak manajemen data, jaringan, rekayasa perangkek kareh komputer, basis data jo desain perangkek luneik, sarato manajemen jo administrasi sistem sacaro kasadualahannyo. Teknologi informasi mulai manyaba labiah jauah dari konvensional komputer pribadi jo teknologi jaringan, jo labiah ka dalam integrasi teknologi lain sarupo panggunoan ponsel, televisi, mobil, jo banyak liak, nan maningkekan pamintaan untuak karajo . Doklu, paro (Dewan Akreditasi untuak Engineering jo Teknologi) jo Asosiasi untuak mesin komputasi alah karajosamo untuak mambuekk akreditasi jo standar kurikulum untuak program degrees di Teknologi Informasi sabagai bidang studi dibandingkan <ref>{{Citation|year=2009|title=(Re)Defining Computing Curricula by (Re)Defining Computing}}</ref> jo Ilmu Komputer jo Sistem Informasi. SIGITE (Special Interest Group for IT Education) adolah kalompok karajo ACM untuak mandefinisian standar iko. Pandapekan layanan TI di sadolah dunio sagadang $ 763.000.000.000 pado tahun 2009. == Patumbuhan jo kapasitas teknologi == Hilbert jo Lopez mangidentifikasi kacapekan eksponensial parubahan teknologi (samacam hukum Moore): mesin 'aplikasi-spesifik untuak manghituang kapasitas informasi per-kapita ado sakita duo kali lipek satiok 14 bulan antaro 1986-2007; kapasitas per-kapita di dunio komputer tujuan umum alah duo kali lipek satiok 18 bulan salama duo dekade nan samo, kapasitas telekomunikasi global per-kapita duo kali lipek satiok 34 bulan; kapasitas panyimpanan dunio per kapita nan dibutuhkan sakita 40 bulan untuak manggandaan (satiok 3 tahun); jo informasi siaran per kapita alah duo kali lipek sakita satiok 12,3 tahun. == Caliak pulo == * Sistem Informasi * Teknologi Informasi Komunikasi (TIK) * Ilmu Komputer * Bahaso pemrograman * Daftar istilah teknologi informasi * Daftar istilah Internet Indonesia * [[Komputer]] * Perangkek kareh * Perangkek luneik == Rujuakan == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Bacoan lanjuikan == * Adelman, C. (2000). ''A Parallel Post-secondary Universe: The Certification System in Information Technology''. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education. * Allen, T., and M.S. Morton, eds. 1994. ''Information Technology and the Corporation of the 1990s''. New York: Oxford University Press. * Shelly, Gary, Cashman, Thomas, Vermaat, Misty, and Walker, Tim. (1999). ''Discovering Computers 2000: Concepts for a Connected World''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Course Technology. * Webster, Frank, and Robins, Kevin. (1986). ''Information Technology—A Luddite Analysis''. Norwood, NJ: Ablex. * The Global Information Technology Report 2008–2009 (PDF), World Economic Forum and INSEAD, 2009, ISBN 978-92-95044-19-7  * {{Cite book|first=Steven|last=Blais|title=Business Analysis: Best Practices for Success|url=https://archive.org/details/businessanalysis0000blai|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]]|date=December 2011|isbn=1118076001}} == Pranala lua == * {{En}} [http://www.itil-officialsite.com/home/home.asp Perpustakaan Infrastruktur Teknologi Informasi ''The Information Technology Infrastructure Library'' (ITIL)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022043004/http://www.itil-officialsite.com/home/home.asp |date=2014-10-22 }} lf2f4ztyzrw5j4jp43qfdd7elzu34l6 0 337126 3352657 3346612 2026-09-16T21:58:47Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352657 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox University |name = Universitas Kairo |native_name = <big>جامعة القاهرة</big> {{br}}''Gāmaʿat al-Qāhirah'' |image_name = CairoUniv.jpg |image_size = 300px |caption = |latin_name = |motto = |mottoeng = |established = 1908 |closed = |type = [[paguruan tinggi negeri]] |affiliation = |endowment = |chancellor = |president = Prof. Dr. [[Hossam Mohamed Kamel]] |dean = |faculty = 12.158 |staff = |students = 200.000 |undergrad = |postgrad = |doctoral = |other = |city = [[Giza]] |province = [[Kegubernuran Giza|Giza]] |country = [[Mesir]] |coor = |campus = dalam kota |former_names = University Mesir(1908-1925)</br> Universitas Fuʾād I (1925-1952) |free_label = |free = |nickname = |affiliations = |website = [http://www.cu.edu.eg/ www.cu.edu.eg] |logo = |footnotes = }} '''Universitas Kairo''' ({{lang-ar|'''جامعة القاهرة'''}}) adolah [[perguruan tinggi]] negeri di [[Giza]], [[Mesir]]. Didirian sabagai perguruan tinggi swasta pado tahun [[1908]], Universitas Kairo marupoan universitas sekuler nan partamo di Mesir. Katiko didirian, universitas iko disabuik '''Universitas Mesir''' (Egyptian University) nan kamudian baganti namo sabagai '''Universitas Fuad''' sasudah wafatnyo [[Fuad I dari Mesir|Sultan Fuad I]].<ref name=history>{{cite book|first=Y. G.-M.|last=Lulat|year=2005|title=A history of African higher education from antiquity to the present: a critical synthesis|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320613|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0-3133-2061-6|page=[https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320613/page/126 126]}}</ref> == Sijarah == Di antaro pancetus jo pandirian Universitas Mesir tadapek tokoh-tokoh pantiang Mesir sarupo Pangeran [[Fuad I dari Mesir|Ahmed Fuad]] dari pihak karajaan, [[Mustafa Kamil]] (nasionalis pendiri Partai Watani jo tokoh anti [[imperialisme]]), [[Saad Zaghlul]] (hakim nan kamudian jadi menteri pendidikan), [[Qasim Amin]] (hakim), sarato jo [[Muhammed Abduh]] ([[mufti]]). Sabalumnyo, usul pandirian universitas alah dikamukoan dek birokrat katurunan [[Armenia]], [[Yaqub Artin]] jo [[Jurji Zaydan]] (wartawan [[Suriah]], editor majalah al-Hilal).<ref name=part1>{{cite web | title=Cairo University Historical snapshots Part (1) | url=http://www.cu.edu.eg/english/history/Default.aspx | work= | publisher=Cairo University | accessdate=2021-04-27}}</ref> Pado tahun [[1894]], Yaqub Artin mangusulkan pandirian sakolah tinggi profesi nan dapek dijadian dasa untuak manjadi pandirian universitas. Sasudah maningganyo Mustafa Kamil jo Qasim Amin pado 1908, [[Abbas II|Khedive Abbas]] maabiak alih proyek pandirian universitas, nan kamudian manugaskan Putra Makhota Abd al-Munim sabagai rektor kahormatan. Kaampek pangeran lainnyo, Husayn Kamil, Umar Tusun, Muhammed Ali, jo Ahmed Fuad ditunjuak sabagai pimpinan universitas. Namun hanyo Ahmed Fuad nan basadio. Sasudah disatujui dek Inggris, Pangeran Fuad manjadi rektor partamo universitas pado tahun 1907.<ref name="part1" /> Pado Mei 1908, dewan administrasi dipiliah istano untuak proyek pandirian universitas. Pangeran Fuad I sabagai rektor didampingi dek pagawai istano Ahmed Zaki sabagai sekretaris. Duduak sabagai anggota dewan, Dr. Alwi Pasha (dokter pribadi saudara padusi Fuad, [[Putri Fatima Ismail]]) jo Yusuf Sadiq dari Partai Reformasi Khedive. Birokrat nan basadio manjadi anggota dewan universitas adolah Husayn Rushdi, Ibrahim Najib, Abd al-Khaliq Tharwat, jo Yaqub Artin. Putri Fatima Ismail marupoan panyumbang paliang gadang dalam pandirian Universitas Mesir. Inyo manyumbangkan tanah [[wakaf]] saluweh 600 [[feddan]] (252 hektare), pahiasan sanilai 18.000 paun mesir, jo 6 feddan (2,52 hektare) untuak mandirian kampus di dakek istanonyo di Bulaq al-Dakrur, Giza.<ref name=part1 /> Universitas Mesir diresmian pado tanggal [[21 Desember]] [[1908]] dengan upacara di Aula Dewan Legislatif. Hadir dalam upacara paresmian, Khedive Abbas II jo kapalo negara sahabat. Gedung partamo Universitas Mesir adolah rumah nan gadang nan disewa dari pangusaho [[rokok]] [[Yunani]], [[Nestor Gianaclis]]. Gedung tasabuik kiniko dijadian gedung administrasi [[Universitas Amerika di Kairo]]. Universitas mangalami kasulitan kauangan samaso Parang Dunia II, dan kampus dipindahan ka Istano Mohammed Sedky di Jalan Al-Falaky, dan babarapo lokasi lain.<ref name=part2>{{cite web | title=Cairo University Historical snapshots Part (2) | url=http://www.cu.edu.eg/english/history/part2.aspx | work= | publisher=Cairo University | accessdate=2021-04-27}}</ref> Universitas awalnyo hanyo mampunyoi dosen paruah wakatu nan maaja mato kuliah [[sastra]], [[sijarah]], jo [[filsafat]]. Sambia manunggu kapulangan mahasiswa nan dikirim ka lua nagari dalam rangko pandidikan dosen, dari 1908 hinggo 1925, universitas iko saindaknyo marekrut 9 urang dosen dari Dar-ul-Ulum jo Sakolah Kadi. Staf pangajar lainnyo didatangan dari [[Eropa]], tarutamo dari [[Prancis]], [[Jerman]], jo [[Italia]]. Bahaso pangantar bagantuang kapado mato kuliahnyo: [[bahaso Arab]] untuak kuliah nan bakaitan jo Islam dan Arab, [[bahaso Prancis]], jo [[bahaso Inggris]]. Satu-satunyo pangajar bakabangsoan Inggris adolah Percy White nan manjadi direktur sastra Inggris.<ref name=part2 /> Pado tahun 1925, Sultan Fuad mangubah status Universitas Mesir manjadi paguruan tinggi negeri. Pado wakatu itu alah ado ampek fakultas: seni, sains, kedokteran, jo hukum. Fakultas Teknik, Fakultas Perdagangan, jo Fakultas Pertanian didirian kamudian pado tahun 1935. Sasudah [[Fuad I dari Mesir|Sultan Fuad I]] wafat, universitas iko baganti namo manjadi Universitas Fuad I sabelum disabuik Universitas Kairo sasudah runtuahnyo sistem monarki pado tahun [[1952]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sttyuppentek.ac.id/eng/2905-2802/Universitas-Kairo_127681_ista_sttyuppentek.html|title=UNIVERSITAS KAIRO ~ Sttyuppentek ~ Free Encyclopedia|last=Setuju|website=www.sttyuppentek.ac.id|language=en|access-date=2021-04-27|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427085215/http://www.sttyuppentek.ac.id/eng/2905-2802/Universitas-Kairo_127681_ista_sttyuppentek.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Fakultas == * [http://www.science.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Sains] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104183856/http://science.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2019-01-04 }} * [http://www.agr.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Pertanian] * [http://www.fa-arch.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Arkeologi] * [http://www.arts.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Seni] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208132830/http://www.arts.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2022-02-08 }} * [http://commerce.cu.edu.eg/ Fakultas Perdagangan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114192615/http://commerce.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2010-01-14 }} * [http://www.fci-cu.edu.eg Fakultas Komputer jo Ilmu Informasi] * [http://darelom.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Dar El-Ulum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827052357/http://www.darelom.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2019-08-27 }} * [http://dentistry.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Mulut] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718054412/http://dentistry.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2017-07-18 }} * [http://www.feps.eun.eg Fakultas Ekonomi jo Ilmu Politik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029015400/http://www.feps.eun.eg/ |date=2012-10-29 }} * [http://www.eng.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Teknik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206200131/http://eng.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2017-02-06 }} * [http://law.cu.edu.eg/ Fakultas Hukum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191117094315/http://law.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2019-11-17 }} * [http://www.masscomm.org Fakultas Komunikasi Massa] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427085525/http://www.masscomm.org/ |date=2021-04-27 }} * [http://www.kasralainy.edu.eg/english Fakultas Kedokteran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081205050909/http://www.kasralainy.edu.eg/english/ |date=2008-12-05 }} * [http://www.fopcu.edu.eg Fakultas Farmakologi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908064039/http://www.fopcu.edu.eg/ |date=2008-09-08 }} * [http://www.egy-pt.com Fakultas Fisioterapi] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200803151008/https://egy-pt.com/ |date=2020-08-03 }} * Fakultas Regional dan Perencanaan Perkotaan * [http://www.vet.cu.edu.eg Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103190609/https://vet.cu.edu.eg/ |date=2021-11-03 }} == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Pautan lua == {{Commons cat|Cairo University}} * [http://www.cu.edu.eg/ Situs resmi Universitas Kairo] {{coord|30.02760|N|31.21014|E|source:placeopedia|display=title}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kairo, Universitas}} [[Kategori:Paguruan tinggi di Mesir]] 1psrg1sljygc99w4zoo3hjc2p1fut72 0 338257 3352641 3159649 2026-09-16T13:28:51Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food/wikidata |image=[[Berkas:Sundanese Food 02.JPG|250px]] |caption=[[masakan]] Sunda |alternate= |country={{IDN}} |region=[[Jawa Barat]] |creator= orang Sunda |course= |served= |main_ingredient= |variations= | item = Q4208163 | other = }}[[Berkas:Sundanese_Food_01.JPG|jmpl|300x300px|Contoh masakan Sunda disajian sacaro [[lesehan]].]] '''Masakan Sunda''' adolah masakan dari [[Suku Sunda|masyarakat Sunda]] di [[Jawa Barat]] jo [[Banten]], [[Indonesia]]. Iko adolah salah salah satu makanan nan paling populer di Indonesia. Makanan Sunda punyo ciri khas, manggunoan bahan-bahan nan matah, lalap biasonyo acok makan jo sambalado. Ado pulo [[karedok]] nan manandoi kegemaran urang Sunda taadok [[Sayuran|sayua]] mantah. Babeda jo [[masakan Minangkabau]] nan tanamo jo raso padeh jo kanduangan bumbu [[kari]] jo [[santan]] nan tanamo, masakan Sunda tanamo jo raso nan ringan, sederhana, jo jaleh; antara gurih asin, asam segar, manis ringan, jo padeh. Dalam budayo masyarakaik Sunda kegiatan [[Ngaliwet]] adolah tradisi nan acok diakuan, sabuah Nasi Liwet jo caro panyajian nasi liwet jo lauak nan dimakan di ateh daun pisang, salain itu ado pulo Papahare, Botram atau Bancakan. [[Sambal]] [[terasi]] adolah bumbu nan palian acok dipakai dalam hidangan Sunda, dimakan dengan lalab atau [[tahu]] dan [[tempe]] goreng. [[Sayur asem]] jo kuah babumbu [[asam jawa]] mungkin adolah sayua nan paliang acok ado dalam hidangan Sunda. Jinih sayuran populer lain adolah [[Soto Bandung]], sajinih [[soto]] jo irisan dagiang sapi jo lobak, sarato [[mie kocok]], sajinih [[mi]] dengan dagiang sapi jo [[kikil]]. == Bahan pangan == Ikan air tawar saupo [[ikan rayo]], [[gurami]], [[ikan nila]], jo [[lele]] acok dimakan jo dimasak jo caro dibaka atau digoreng, umumnyo disajian jo [[sambal]] jo [[kecap manis]]. Urang Sunda tanamo dek suko jo [[ikan asin]] dari [[hidangan laut]]. Babagai hidangan ikan laik nan disajian sarupo ikan asin bulu ayam, [[teri]], [[cumi-cumi]], [[jambal]], ikan peda asin, jo [[ikan pari]] asin lazim ditamuan dalam idangan Sunda saari-ari. ''Pepes'' atau [[palai]] adolah caro mamasak jo manggunoan [[daun pisang]] sabagai pambungkuih bahan makanan. Metode pepes iko acok ditamuan dalam masakan Sunda. Di antaronyo, ''pais lauk emas'' atau palai ikan rayo nan paliang disukoi. Dagiang ayam biasonyo digoreang atau dipanggang, ado pulo biasonyo disajian jo sambalado jo kecap manih. ''Bakakak hayam'' adolah ayam baka khas Sunda. Acok pulo ayam dimasak jo caro dimasak jo pepes atau sup. Dagiang merah sarupo dagiang sapi, kabau, kambiang, jo domba dapek dibumbui jo campuan bumbu jo gulo jao juo digoreang manjadi empal gepuk nan ditambah jo taburan [[bawang goreng]]. Dagiang sapi jo kantang kadang pulo dimasak jo bumbu kecap manih sabagai [[semur]] daging. Ati sapi jo [[jariang]] acok dimasak semur. Dagiang kambiang jo domba biasonyo dijadian [[sate]], sate khas Sunda adolah sate maranggi jo bumbu manganduang [[kecombrang]]. [[Gulai]] kambiang jo [[empal gentong]] dari Cirebon juo populer sabagai sup dagiang. Urang Sunda sangaik suko jo [[oncom]], nan marupoan makan asia fermentasi jo jinih [[kapang]] dari kacang tanah. Seni mamasak Sunda tanamo jo caro mamasak jo metode fermentasi salain oncom diantaronyo adolah: [[tauco]] (hasil adaptasi [[masakan Tionghoa Indonesia]]), atau makanan ringan sarupo [[peuyeum]] ([[tapai]]) baiak dari bareh [[ketan|katan]] atau [[Ubi Parancih|ubi parancih]]. == Rumah makan Sunda == Di rumah makan atau warung nasi Sunda, caro makan biasonyo manggunoan makan jo tangan. Biasonyo disadioan kobokan, samangkuak aia barasiah nan kadang diagiah pulo jo asam kapeh sairih nan maagiah aroma segar. Kobokan iko digunoan untuak mambarasian tangan sabalum jo sasudah makan. Kobokan biosonya juo disadion di rumah makan Padang jo rumah makan idangan lauik. Rumah makan tradisional Sunda biasonyo manyajian caro basantap sacaro ''[[lesehan]]''; yaitu makan sambia duduak di ateh [[lapiak]]. Makanan biasonyo disajian di ateh meja randah, atau kadang di ateh lapiak. Caro makan iko samo jo caro makan tradisional [[Japang]] di ateh [[tatami]]. Rumah makan tradisional Sunda di daerah pedesaan ado nan bagaya ''saung'', yaitu babarapo bangunan rumah pangguang ketek nan umumnya dibangun di ateh kolam ikan. Kolam ikan itu biasonyo sakaligus mamaliaro ikan rayojo gurami nan dapek dipiliah langsuang dek palanggan untuak langsuang dimasak. Dalam kebudayaan populer Indonesia, rumah makan Sunda biasonyo dapek ditandoi jo namo ''"Kuring"'', sainggo timbua salah kaprah karano makanan istilah "masakan kuring". Istilah ''kuring'' dalam [[bahasa Sunda]] barati 'saya', 'aku' atau ''gue'' sacaro informal, santai, jo agak kasa. Panamoan ini akibaik babagai rumah makan bausao maniru namo rumah makan Sunda tanamo sarupo ''Lembur Kuring'' ([[Bahasa Sunda]]: "Kampung Halamanku"). Babarapo contoh rumah makan Sunda antaro lain Lembur Kuring, Sari Kuring, Ponyo, Boboko, Mang Engking, Ma' Uneh, Sindang Reret, Dapur Sunda, [[Bumbu Desa]], Laksana, jo Ampera. == Idangan == [[Berkas:Nasi_Timbel_Dara_Goreng.JPG|ka|jmpl|Nasi timbel dara goreng, nasi timbel dengan [[merpati]] goreng, [[tempe]], [[tahu]] dan [[lalap]].]] [[Berkas:Lalapan_in_Lembang.JPG|ka|jmpl|Lalap, sayuran mentah dengan sambal.]] [[Berkas:Sundanese_Food_02.JPG|ka|jmpl|Sayur asem, lalap, [[nasi merah]], ikan asin, sambal, dan karedok.]] * '''[[Nasi timbel]]''', marujuak pado caro mamasakj jo mambungkuih nasi angek dalam daun pisang. Angek dari nari manjadian aroma daun pisang tacium jo mambuek nasi makin arum. Daronyo ampia samo jo mambuek lontong; ditakan, dipadek an jo diguluang jo daun pisang. Nasi timbel ko disajian jo lauak pauak sarupo ayam, bebek, atau merpati goreng, empal gepuk, jambal roti, tahu, tempe, sayur asem, lalap jo sambalado. Nasi timbel bakambang jadi mambuek resep baru yaitu [[nasi bakar]]. * '''Nasi Liwet Sunda''', caro masak nasi dalam tungku jo nasi dibumbui sereh jo laos sarato daun salam. Untuak manambah rasa ada yang mamakai ikan asin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.epicurina.com/2011/10/what-is-nasi-liwet-sunda.html |title=archive copy |access-date=2021-09-30 |archive-date=2012-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420080514/http://blog.epicurina.com/2011/10/what-is-nasi-liwet-sunda.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * '''[[Nasi Tutug Oncom]]''', nasi yang ditanak jo campuran oncom, bawang merah, jo [[kencur]], biasanyo disajian jo [[karupuak]], sambal terasi, jo teri asin. * '''[[Lalap]]''', sayuran mentah disajikan dengan [[sambal]] * '''[[Sambal terasi]]''', sambal ulek dengan [[terasi]] * '''[[Karedok]]''', sayuran mentah dengan [[bumbu kacang]] * '''[[Gado-gado]]''', Sayuran Mentah dan Matang (rebus) di siram dengan bumbu kacang, * '''[[Lotek]]''', sayuran rebus dengan [[bumbu kacang]] * '''[[Sayur asem]]''', sayur dengan citarasa [[asam jawa]]. * '''[[Oncom]]''', fermentasi kacang tanah mirip dengan [[tempe]]. Oncom dapat digoreng, dijadikan pepes, atau ditumis dengan sayuran seperti ''Ulukutek Leunca'' ([[leunca]]) atau ''Oncom Peuteuy'' (dicampur [[petai]]). * '''Tumis Tauco''', Tahu ditumis dengan [[tauco]]. * '''Tumis Kangkung''', [[kangkung]] tumis. * Aneka '''[[Pepes]]''', pepes adalah cara memasak dengan membungkus bahan pangan di dalam daun pisang yang kemudian dimasak (dipanaskan), berbagai bahan pangan dapat dijadikan pepes, seperti ikan mas, teri, oncom, leunca, jamur, telur asin, tahu, dan lain-lain. Salah satu yang paling terkenal adalah ''Pais Lauk Emas'' (pepes ikan mas). * Aneka '''Ikan Bakar''', aneka ikan bakar disajikan dengan cocolan sambal dan kecap. Ikan mas, gurami, ikan nila, dan lele lazim disajikan. * Aneka '''Ikan Goreng''', aneka ikan goreng disajikan dengan cocolan sambal dan kecap. Ikan mas, gurami, ikan nila, dan lele lazim disajikan, tetapi ''Gurame Kipas'' adalah salah satu yang paling populer. * Aneka '''Ikan Asin''', [[ikan asin]] seperti peda, jambal, pari, ikan asin bulu ayam, teri, dan cumi asin; juga ikan gabus. * '''Bakakak Hayam''', ayam panggang ala Sunda, atau ayam jago muda panggang * '''Empal Gepuk''', daging sapi goreng bercitarasa manis * '''Soto Bandung''', [[soto]] daging sapi dan lobak * '''[[Soto mie]]''', soto dengan mi, bihun, lumpia, kikil atau urat sapi * '''Mie Kocok''', mi dengan kikil dan urat sapi * '''Sate Maranggi''', sate kambing atau domba khas Sunda dengan bumbu kecombrang, yang lebih khas lagi bahan dasarnya daging sapi dengan bumbu bacem manis ketumbar, yang terkenal maranggi dari [[Cianjur]] dan [[Purwakarta]] * '''Gulai Kambing''', [[gulai]] daging kambing * '''Empal Gentong''', daging dan jeroan kambing dari [[Cirebon]] * '''Laksa Bogor''', sejenis variasi [[laksa]] dari Bogor * '''[[Doclang]]''', [[ketupat]], tahu dan telur rebus dengan siraman bumbu kacang dari Bogor * '''Kupat Tahu''', [[ketupat]], tahu, bihun, taoge, dengan bumbu kacang * '''Asinan''', sayuran atau uah-buahan yang diawetkan dengan cara diasinkan atau diacar * '''Baso Tahu''', mirip [[dimsum]], tahu dan daging ikan kukus, sama dengan [[Siomay]] Bandung. * '''Batagor''', '''Ba'''so '''Ta'''hu '''Gor'''eng. * '''Geco,''' toge rebus, mie dan ketupat di siram kuah bumbu tauco [[Cianjur]] * '''Gepuk''' == Kulek-kulek == [[Berkas:Tahu_sumedang.jpg|ka|jmpl|Tahu Sumedang.]] * '''[[Serabi|Surabi]]''' * '''[[Tahu Sumedang]]''' * '''Tahu Gejrot''' * '''Bala-bala''' * '''Cireng''', A'''ci''' go'''reng''' ([[Bahasa Sunda]]: "gorengan tepung sagu") * '''Cilok''', A'''ci''' dico'''lok''' ([[Bahasa Sunda]]: "tepung sagu dicolok") * '''Cimol''', bola sagu * '''Ciwang,''' Aci dan goreng bawang, tepung sagu di masak di sajikan dengan bawang goreng * '''Colenak''', Dico'''col''' '''enak''' ([[Bahasa Sunda]]: "dicelup enak") * '''Leupeut''', nasi yang dibungkus daun pisang, dengan dan tanpa isian * '''Buras,''' Lontong isi dengan isian daging cincang ayam atau sapi di campur wortel dan kentang iris * '''[[Tapai|Peuyeum sampeu]]''' * '''[[Tapai|Peuyeum ketan]]''' * '''Comro''', On'''com''' dije'''ro''' (Bahasa Sunda: "oncom di dalam") * '''Misro''' * '''Odading''' * '''[[Dodol Garut]]''', [[dodol]] dari [[Garut]]. * '''Wajit Cililin''', [[wajit]] dari Cililin, Bandung Barat. * '''Kolontong''' * '''Opak''' * '''Burayot''' * '''[[Rengginang|Ranginang]]''' * '''Kalua''' * '''Ladu''' * '''Ulen,''' Uli bakar / panggang * '''Deblo,''' Perkedel talas, perkedel yang berbahan dasar talas * '''Bugis''' * '''Jalabria''' Makanan seperti donat, dibuat dengan tepung sagu dan dilumuri gula merah yang dicairkan * '''Dodol gula beureum''' * '''Awug''' * '''Congcot''' * '''Kicimpring''' * '''Ranggining''' * '''Emplod''' * '''Gonjing''' * '''Bandros''' * '''Gehu (Gorengan [[Tahu]])''' * '''Cibay (Aci Ngambay) ''' * '''Endog Lewo''' * '''Cipuk''' * '''Basreng''' ([[Bahasa Sunda]] : "Bakso Goreng") * '''[[Kue Balok]]''' == Minuman == * '''[[Bajigur]]''' * '''[[Bandrek]]''' * '''[[Cendol]]''' * '''[[Es doger]]''' * '''[[Es goyobod]]'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://blog.epicurina.com/2009/12/food-note-es-goyobod.html |title=archive copy |access-date=2021-09-30 |archive-date=2011-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510130753/http://blog.epicurina.com/2009/12/food-note-es-goyobod.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * '''[[Es duren]]''' * '''[[Es lilin]]''' * '''[[Lahang]]''' == Lihat pula == *{{Commonscat-inline|Sundanese cuisine|Masakan Sunda}} * [[Masakan Indonesia]] * [[Masakan Jawa]] * [[Masakan Minangkabau]] == Referensi == {{Reflist}} {{Masakan Indonesia}} [[Kategori:Hidangan Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Kuliner Sunda]] 4ifef8fs9hepugal95mplefdou56rhx 0 473105 3352659 3345661 2026-09-17T06:54:53Z ~2026-48142-55 24678 /* */ 3352659 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox urang }} '''Camelia Malik''' ({{Lahiamati|[[Jakarta]]|22|4|1955}}) adolah surang [[panyanyi]] [[dangdut]] jo [[Palakon|aktris]] berkebangsaan [[Indonesia]] nan punyo darah [[Bangso Minangkabau|Minangkabau]]. Inyo disabuik "''Diva Dangdut Jaipong''". Iko dek karano tari jaipongan manjadi ciri khasnyo dalam manganyokan lagu dangdut. Mia juo marupokan kakak tiri dari [[musisi]] [[Ahmad Albar]] karano mandehnyo Farida Al Hasni sabalun kawin jo apaknyo alah punyo anak dari palakunan sabalunnyo. Inyo partamo kali mangaluarikan single "Colak-Colek" pado taun 1970.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.viva.co.id/siapa/read/1019-camelia-malik|title=Profil Camelia Malik - VIVA|date=2019-03-08|website=www.viva.co.id|language=id|access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref> == Karir == === awal karir === Mia gadang di dunia film. Ayahnyo, [[Djamaludin Malik]], adolah tokoh film Indonesia nan punyo sabuah perusahaan film. Kanca-kanca bapaknyo sarupo [[Asrul Sani]], [[Usmar Ismail]], [[Fifi Young]], jo [[Citra Dewi]], acok batamu di rumah bapaknyo. Mia mulai bamain pilem pado umua 16 tahun. Film perdana inyo bintang jo [[Rachmat Kartolo]] yaitu ''Ratna''.<ref name=":0" /> === karir banyanyi === Awal karir artis [[Bangso Minangkabau|Minang]]-[[Jawo|Jawa]]-[[Sunda]]-[[Urang Arab|Arab]] nan berdarah iko di bidang tarik suara adolah pado awal [[1970]] wakatu lakinyo (sajak itu) [[Reynold Panggabean]], maundangnyo untuak mananyanyi lagu gubaannyo, "Colak-colek". Lagu perdana Mia adolah suaro gadang jo mananamkan namo di barisan panyanyi dangdut top lainnyo, sarupo Rhoma Irama, [[Muchsin Alatas]], Elvy Sukaesih, [[Rita Sugiarto]] jo [[Elly Khadam]]. Pado maso itu, musik dangdut nan disabuik dek babarapo urang "''Musik Kampuang''" mulai populer di masyarakaik tamasuak masyarakaik [[Japang]] jo [[Amerika Sarikat|Amerika Serikat]]. Hal iko dapek ditamui dek inyo di acara Live Show Camelia Malik di Shibuya Seed Hall, [[Tokyo]], [[Japang|Jepang]]. "Musica baru lah dilahiakan", kecek urang mudo Japang nan histeris, samantaro manggigia-gigia musik dangdut. Sarupo itu pulo di [[San Fransisco]], [[Los Angeles]], jo [[New York]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.liputan6.com/showbiz/read/4684066/profil-camelia-malik-penyanyi-dangdut-senior-yang-populer-lewat-lagu-colak-colek-dan-tari-jaipong|title=Profil Camelia Malik Penyanyi Dangdut Senior yang Populer Lewat Lagu Colak-colek dan Tari Jaipong|last=Liputan6.com|date=2021-10-14|website=liputan6.com|language=id|access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref> Kasuksesan Album ''Colak kolek'' manukuikkan posisi Mia sabagai panyanyi dangdut. Bahkan lagu Colak Colek mandapek anugerah dari Pusat Panjalasan ABRI. Mia juo tampil mambaok lagu tu di Istora Senayan [[Jakarto|Jakarta]]. Inyo tampil samo Hetty Koes Endang, Elvy Sukaesih jo babarapo panyanyi nan alah terkenal sabalunnyo. Mia pernah dipilih sabagai biduanita Melayu nan paliang populer 1978 - 1981.<ref name=":1" /> Album-album Mias nan lapeh tamasuak Raba-raba, Ceplas-ceplos, ''Gengsi Dong'', ''Wakuncar'', ''Murah Merah'' jo ''Colak Colek II''. Album-album tu sukses di pasa, banyaknyo nan alah di filmi. Salain aktif malatih vokal jo gaya panggung, Mia salain itu, inyo manarus malalui dunia nan pernah inyo alami, film. Kamampuan akting Mia batambah gadang dek bantuak sutradara-sutradara nan mangarah film nan inyo bintangkan, khususnyo sutradara [[Nawi Ismail]].Salain karirnyo, Mia pernah tampil di Festival Dunia Melayu Dunia Islam (DMDI) di [[Kota Pangkalpinang|Pangkal Pinang]] pado akhir taun 2003. Inyo juo alah kolaborasi jo banyak musisi jo panyanyi dangdut diantarannyo [[Evie Tamala]], Iis Dahlia, Rhoma Irama, [[Ahmad Albar]], [[Muchsin Alatas]], Elvy Sukaesih, [[Rita Sugiarto]] dan lain-lain. Mia sempat babarapo kali mambuek tembang surang nan manyababkan inyo mandapek penghargaan sabagai penulis lagu nan paliangbaik versi Anugerah Dangdut TPI 1999.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0107/03/bud4.htm|title=TPI Memulai Rangkaian Anugerah Dangdut 2001|date=3 Juli 2001|access-date=2023-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010924164023/https://www.suaramerdeka.com/harian/0107/03/bud4.htm|archive-date=2001-09-24|work=[[Suara Merdeka|Suara Merdeka Online]]|dead-url=unfit|language=id}}</ref> == Kahidupan pribadi == Pado taun 1974, Mia manikah jo musisi [[Fuad Hassan]], nan marupokan mantan laki-laki Fitria, kakak tiri Mia. Tapi, kasinyo indak lamo lai, karano Fuad Hassan maningga dalam kacilakaan. Palakunan lain agamo Mia jo salah surang pendukung The Mercy's, [[Reynold Panggabean]], harus berakhir pado [[2 Maret]] 1989, sasudah maningga salamo 12 tahun.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.fr/books?id=sW1ZAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=camelia+malik+reynold+interreligious&source=bl&ots=FUUvfK329K&sig=I3GFvWVVrrOWzPmMLCpGjHmzISI&hl=fr&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwA2oVChMIr9zZl8-SxgIVSbwUCh3G3AC6#v=onepage&q=camelia%20malik%20reynold%20interreligious&f=false|title=Feeling Threatened: Muslim-Christian Relations in Indonesia's New Order|date=2006|access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref> Alasan nan manantukan untuak manceraikan Mia jo Reynold indak pernah dikatahui sacaro eksplisit salamo bertahun-tahun dan indak dapek diungkapkan dek rumor tantang kasudahannyo pasangan. Walaupun inyo indak pernah manjanjikan anak, inyo tatap cukup harmonis sampai tahap partamoan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.juara.net/read/bolapedia/bolapedia/21870-camelia.pegang.persija.reynold.jagokan.psds|title=Camelia Pegang Persija, Reynold Jagokan PSDS|date=Februari 12, 1988|access-date=2023-12-28|archive-date=2016-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182825/http://www.juara.net/read/bolapedia/bolapedia/21870-camelia.pegang.persija.reynold.jagokan.psds|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sabanyak duo bulan sasudah ceraiannyo, Mia alah di edit dek [[Harry Capri]], bintang film. Pajuangan iko dilakukan dek Rhoma Irama, nan manjadi wali hakim dari Mia. Pasamuan Harry Capri jo Mia tajadi pado wakatu produksi sinetron Rona-rona. Dalam pajalannyo untuak kawin jo Harry Capri, Mia sempat mengalami [[Kado nan indak|aborsi]] saat manganduang anak partamo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://tabloidnova.com/Selebriti/Berita-Aktual/Camelia-Malik-Layangkan-Gugatan-Cerai|title=Camelia Malik Layangkan Gugatan Cerai|date=Mei 4, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194007/http://tabloidnova.com/Selebriti/Berita-Aktual/Camelia-Malik-Layangkan-Gugatan-Cerai|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref> Tapi pado akhir Allah manugehkan 2 anak kapado inyo.<ref>[https://instagram.com/alikacapri/ Instagram Alika Capri]</ref> Camelia Malik jo Harry Capri akhirnyo manceraik pado taun 2013 sasudah 24 taun basamo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nuga.co/nuga-news/camelia-malik-tentang-perceraiannya-sakiiitt-sekali.html#.VX88j_ntmko|title=Camelia Malik Tentang Perceraiannya: Sakiiitt.. Sekali|date=Mei 6, 2013|access-date=2023-12-28}}</ref> == Sinetron == Salamo karir, alah cukuik banyak sinetron nan inyo perankan, diantaronyo: * ''Melodi Cinta'' (2000) * ''[[:id:Banyak_Jalan_Menuju_Rhoma|Banyak Jalan Menuju Rhoma]]'' (2020) * ''[[:id:Banyak_Jalan_Menuju_Rhoma_Tingkat_2|Banyak Jalan Menuju Rhoma Tingkat 2]]'' (2020) * ''[[:id:Sentuhan_Ilahi|Sentuhan Ilahi]]'' (2020) == Album studio == adopun Album nan alah dibueknyo adolah: * ''[[:id:Colak-colek|Colak-colek]]'' (1979) * ''[[:id:Raba-raba|Raba-raba]]'' (1980) * ''[[:id:Ceplas-ceplos|Ceplas-ceplos]]'' (bersama [[:id:Reynold_Panggabean|Reynold Panggabean]], 1981) * ''[[:id:Sayang-sayang|Sayang-sayang]]'' (bersama [[:id:Reynold_Panggabean|Reynold Panggabean]], 1981) * ''[[:id:Murah_Meriah|Murah Meriah]]'' (bersama [[:id:Reynold_Panggabean|Reynold Panggabean]], 1986) * ''[[:id:Kedap_Kedip|Kedap Kedip]]'' (1992) * ''[[:id:Potret_Diri|Potret Diri]]'' (1994) * ''[[:id:Segudang_Rindu|Segudang Rindu]]'' (1996) * ''[[:id:Gengsi_Dong|Gengsi Dong]]'' (bersama [[:id:Reynold_Panggabean|Reynold Panggabean]]) * ''[[:id:Wakuncar|Wakuncar]]'' (?) * ''[[:id:Colak_Colek_II|Colak Colek II]]'' (?) * ''[[:id:Rindu_Berat|Rindu Berat]]'' (1997) * ''[[:id:Disco_Dangdut_Rindu_Berat|Disco Dangdut Rindu Berat]]'' (1998) * ''[[:id:Bulan_Pun_Berkaca|Bulan Pun Berkaca]]'' (1999) * ''[[:id:Tak_Salah_Lagi|Tak Salah Lagi]]'' (2000) * ''[[:id:Rekayasa_Cinta|Rekayasa Cinta]]'' (2002) * ''[[:id:Pengagum_Cinta_(Bukan_Kekasih_Setia)|Pengagum Cinta (Bukan Kekasih Setia)]]'' (2005) == Pautan lua == * '''{{id}}''' [http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/c/camelia-malik/index.shtml Profil di Tokohindonesia.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090626124501/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/c/camelia-malik/index.shtml|date=2009-06-26}} * '''{{kapanlagi|c|camelia_malik}}''' * '''{{id}}''' [http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=8B08A8983E17AC7D Camelia Malik di Film Jaka Swara @Youtube] * '''{{id}}''' [https://www.mediadangdut.com/4319/profil-dan-biografi-camelia-malik.html Profil Dan Biografi Camelia Malik] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201045732/https://www.mediadangdut.com/4319/profil-dan-biografi-camelia-malik.html |date=2017-12-01 }}{{Pranala mati|date=Februari 2021|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} == Rujuakan == mt5ogbb9vpsin9gvofcxp8gtn8tosb0 0 475859 3352642 3162599 2026-09-16T13:40:08Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Anak usaha performa tinggi dari Mercedes-Benz AG}} {{Coord|48.9186739|9.3232478|display=title}} {{Infobox company | name = Mercedes-AMG GmbH | logo = [[File:AMG logo.svg|250px]] | type = [[Anak perusahaan]] ([[Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung|GmbH]]) | fate = Diakuisisi oleh [[DaimlerChrysler]] ({{end date|1999}}), dan beroperasi di bawah [[Daimler AG]] | foundation = {{Start date and age|1967|df=yes}}<br />(sebagai AMG Motorenbau und {{nowrap|Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH)}}<br />[[Burgstetten|Burgstall a. d. Murr]], Jerman | founders = [[Hans Werner Aufrecht]] <br> [[Erhard Melcher]] | location_city = [[Affalterbach]] | location_country = Jerman | area_served = Seluruh dunia | key_people = Philipp Schiemer (Chairman)<ref name="AMG Company"/> | industry = [[Industri otomotif|Otomotif]] | products = {{unbulleted list | A | C | CL | CLA | CLK | CLS | E | G | GLA | GLB | GLC | GLE | GLS | GT | R | S | SL | SLC | SLK | SLS }} | services = [[Riset dan pengembangan]] | num_employees = ~2.900 | parent = [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes-Benz AG]]<ref name="AMG Company"/> | homepage = {{URL|www.mercedes-amg.com}} }} '''Mercedes-AMG GmbH''', atau biasa dikenal sebagai '''AMG''', adalah anak usaha performa tinggi dari [[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes-Benz AG]].<ref name="AMG Company">{{cite web |url = https://www.mercedes-amg.com/en/driving-performance/company.html |title = AMG – The Company |publisher = Mercedes-AMG GmbH |access-date = 29 June 2020 |archive-date = 1 June 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200601134536/https://www.mercedes-amg.com/en/driving-performance/company.html |dead-url = yes }}</ref> AMG secara independen merekrut insinyur dan berkontrak dengan produsen untuk mengkostumisasi mobil Mercedes-Benz AMG. Perusahaan ini berkantor pusat di [[Affalterbach]], [[Baden-Württemberg]], Jerman. AMG awalnya adalah sebuah firma rekayasa independen yang fokus meningkatkan performa dari mobil buatan Mercedes-Benz. Pada tahun 1999, [[DaimlerChrysler AG]] resmi mengakuisisi mayoritas saham AMG, dan pada tahun 2005, DaimlerChrysler resmi mengakuisisi semua saham AMG yang belum mereka pegang. Mercedes-AMG GmbH kini adalah [[anak usaha]] dari Mercedes-Benz AG,<ref name="AMG Company"/> yang dimiliki oleh [[Daimler AG]].<ref name="Mercedes-Benz AG">{{cite web |url = https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/company/ |title = About us |publisher = Mercedes-Benz AG |access-date = 29 June 2020 |archive-date = 10 June 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200610171005/https://www.mercedes-benz.com/en/company/ |dead-url = yes }}</ref> Model buatan AMG biasanya memiliki tampilan yang lebih agresif, tingkat performa yang lebih tinggi, pengendalian yang lebih baik, stabilitas yang lebih baik, dan lebih banyak menggunakan [[serat karbon]] daripada model serupa yang dibuat oleh Mercedes-Benz.<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url = http://www.mbusa.com/mercedes/amg |title = Mercedes-Benz AMG |access-date = 8 February 2014 |archive-date = 12 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190112091034/https://www.mbusa.com/mercedes/amg |dead-url = yes }}</ref> Model buatan AMG biasanya merupakan varian paling mahal dan berperforma paling tinggi dari tiap kelas mobil buatan Mercedes-Benz.<ref name=":0" /> Varian buatan AMG biasanya diberi nama dengan dua nomor, bukan tiga nomor seperti buatan Mercedes-Benz, contohnya "C 63", bukan "C 320".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.insideline.com/mercedes-benz/c-class/2002/full-test-2002-mercedes-benz-c32-amg.html |title = 2002 Mercedes-Benz C32 AMG Road Test |work = Edmunds |access-date = 6 October 2014 }}</ref> Nomor tersebut tidak selalu mengindikasikan ukuran mesin, tetapi lebih sebagai penghormatan terhadap mobil yang telah ada sebelumnya, seperti [[Mercedes-Benz 300 SEL 6.3|300 SEL 6,3 liter]]. Contohnya, model V8 baru buatan AMG, seperti C 63, sebenarnya dilengkapi dengan V8 4,0L. Pada tahun 2018, diler pertama Mercedes-AMG dibuka di [[Sydney]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date = 26 January 2018 |title = Mercedes-AMG Sydney Becomes The World's First Standalone Dealership |url = https://www.dmarge.com/2018/01/mercedes-amg-sydney.html |access-date = 14 July 2020 |website = DMARGE |language = en-US }}</ref> 6edii6q3h3xcxexshooftc4qmllhv9y 0 475971 3352652 3351866 2026-09-16T19:31:41Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352652 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox military conflict|campaignbox={{Campaignbox Conflict in Congo}}|conflict=Serangan M23|width=|partof=[[Konflik Kivu]] dan [[Ketegangan Republik Demokratik Kongo–Rwanda (2022–sekarang)]]|image=M23 Offensive Map.svg|image_size=300px|caption=Situasi militer per 28 Januari 2025 {{leftlegend|#ff2800|Dikendalikan oleh [[Gerakan 23 Maret]] dan milisi Nyatura}}{{leftlegend|white|Dikendalikan oleh [[Angkatan Darat Republik Demokratik Kongo]] dan milisi sekutu}} {{leftlegend|blue| [[Wazalendo]] pertempuran milisi}}|date=27 Maret 2022 – Sekarang <br/> ({{Age in years, months, weeks and days|day1=27|month1=03|year1=2022}})|place=[[Kivu Utara]], Republik Demokratik Kongo (DRC)|territory=[[Gerakan 23 Maret|M23]] menguasai pusat wilayah [[Rutshuru]] dan [[Masisi, Republik Demokratik Kongo|Masisi]] ​​serta sebagian besar ibu kota provinsi [[Goma]]|result=|status=[[Daftar konflik bersenjata yang sedang berlangsung|Sedang berlangsung]] * [[Ketegangan Republik Demokratik Kongo–Rwanda tahun 2022|Konflik dan ketegangan pecah antara Rwanda dan Kongo]]|combatant1=[[File:M23 Logo.png|23px]] [[Gerakan 23 Maret]]<br />{{flag|Rwanda}}{{efn|Rwandan involvement was first alleged by the DR Congo,<ref name="BBC 30 March">{{cite news |title=M23 rebels in DR Congo deny shooting down UN helicopter |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60926185 |work=BBC |date=30 March 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=23 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220423045957/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60926185 |url-status=live}}</ref> a claim which was later substantiated by the findings of researchers tasked by the [[United Nations]].<ref name="RadioOkapi4">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/08/05/actualite/revue-de-presse/tempete-des-tropiques-soutien-militaire-au-m23-lonu-enfonce-le |title=Tempête des tropiques : " Soutien militaire au M23, l'ONU enfonce le Rwanda " |work=RadioOkapi |date=5 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819161401/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/08/05/actualite/revue-de-presse/tempete-des-tropiques-soutien-militaire-au-m23-lonu-enfonce-le |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="VOA aiding">{{cite web |url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/rwanda-inside-drc-aiding-m23---report/6686811.html |title=Rwanda Inside DRC, Aiding M23 - Report |work=VOA |date=4 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |archive-date=20 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820173449/https://www.voaafrica.com/a/rwanda-inside-drc-aiding-m23---report/6686811.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Rwanda has denied its support for M23.<ref name="BBC 30 March" /> }}<br />'''Supported by:'''<br />{{flag|Uganda}} (Juni 2022; dituduhkan oleh RD Kongo)<ref name="reuters 13 June">{{cite news |title=Congo rebels seize eastern border town, local activists say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rebels-seize-key-eastern-border-town-local-activists-say-2022-06-13/ |author=Djaffar Sabiti |work=Reuters |date=13 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613090427/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rebels-seize-key-eastern-border-town-local-activists-say-2022-06-13/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="monitor3">{{cite news |title=Fresh fighting erupts in Bunagana |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/fresh-fighting-erupts-in-bunagana-3851364 |author=Robert Muhereza |work=Daily Monitor |date=17 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617085252/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/fresh-fighting-erupts-in-bunagana-3851364 |url-status=live}}</ref> ---- Faksi [[Nyatura]] anti-pemerintah<ref name="Nyatura">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/07/16/actualite/securite/masisi-deplacement-de-la-population-la-suite-des-affrontements-entre |title=Masisi : déplacement de la population à la suite des affrontements entre deux factions de Nyatura à Bashali Mukoto |work=RadioOkapi |date=16 July 2022 |access-date=20 July 2022 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719224741/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/07/16/actualite/securite/masisi-deplacement-de-la-population-la-suite-des-affrontements-entre |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Etahoben1">{{cite web |title=Rwandan Soldier Surrenders To UN In DR Congo |url=https://humanglemedia.com/rwandan-soldier-surrenders-to-un-in-dr-congo/ |author=Bisong Etahoben |work=HumAngle |date=7 November 2022 |access-date=7 January 2023 |archive-date=2 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202135210/https://humanglemedia.com/rwandan-soldier-surrenders-to-un-in-dr-congo/ |url-status=live}}</ref>|combatant2={{flag|Republik Demokratik Kongo}}<br />{{flagicon|Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa}} [[MONUSCO]] * {{flag|Pakistan}}<ref name="BBC 30 March" /> * {{flag|India}}<ref>{{cite news |title=U.N. official praises Indian peacekeepers for thwarting attack in Congo |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/un-official-praises-indian-peacekeepers-for-thwarting-attack-in-congo/article65466133.ece |work=The Hindu |date=27 May 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613123222/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/un-official-praises-indian-peacekeepers-for-thwarting-attack-in-congo/article65466133.ece |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flag|Rusia}}<ref name="BBC 30 March" /> * {{flag|Serbia}}<ref name="BBC 30 March" /> * {{flag|Tanzania}}<ref name="monitor">{{cite news |title=DR Congo army accuses Rwanda of deploying soldiers 'to defend M23' |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dr-congo-army-accuses-rwanda-of-deploying-soldiers-to-defend-m23--3843614 |work=Daily Monitor |agency=The East African |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613124815/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dr-congo-army-accuses-rwanda-of-deploying-soldiers-to-defend-m23--3843614 |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flag|Maroko}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/monusco/52190223438/ |title=PHOTO DU JOUR DU SAMEDI 3 JUILLET 2022 |work=MONUSCO |date=3 July 2022 |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref><ref name="RadioOkapi 1 August">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/08/02/actualite/securite/goma-dernier-hommage-de-la-monusco-aux-casques-bleus-tues-au-front |title=Goma : dernier hommage de la MONUSCO aux casques bleus tués au front |work=RadioOkapi |date=1 August 2022 |access-date=3 August 2022 |archive-date=3 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803070607/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/08/02/actualite/securite/goma-dernier-hommage-de-la-monusco-aux-casques-bleus-tues-au-front |url-status=live}}</ref> * {{flag|Malawi}}<ref name=SixMON>{{Cite news |date=25 January 2025 |title=Six peacekeepers killed as fighting rages in DRC |url=https://24newshd.tv/25-Jan-2025/six-peacekeepers-killed-as-fighting-rages-in-drc |access-date=26 January 2025 |work=[[24 Digital|24 News HD]] |archive-date=30 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130100639/https://24newshd.tv/25-Jan-2025/six-peacekeepers-killed-as-fighting-rages-in-drc |dead-url=yes }}</ref> * {{flag|Afrika Selatan}}<ref name=SixMON/> {{flagicon|EAC}} [[Komunitas Afrika Timur|Kekuatan Regional EAC]]<br/> * {{flag|Uganda}} (Mulai Maret 2022)<ref name="schlindwein">{{cite news |title=Neue Kämpfe im Osten Kongos: UN-Blauhelme sterben |url=https://taz.de/Neue-Kaempfe-im-Osten-Kongos/!5841834/ |author=Simone Schlindwein |work=taz |language=German |date=30 March 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613134747/https://taz.de/Neue-Kaempfe-im-Osten-Kongos/!5841834/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="monitor3" /> * {{flag|Burundi}} (Mulai Agustus 2022)<ref name="RadioOkapi5">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/08/16/actualite/revue-de-presse/le-potentiel-eac-des-soldats-burundais-entrent-officiellement |title=Le Potentiel : " EAC : Des soldats burundais entrent officiellement en RDC " |work=RadioOkapi |date=16 August 2022 |access-date=19 August 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819161358/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/08/16/actualite/revue-de-presse/le-potentiel-eac-des-soldats-burundais-entrent-officiellement |url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flag|Kenya}} (Mulai November 2022)<ref name="news24">{{cite news |title=Kenya to deploy army to eastern DRC to fight M23 rebels |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/kenya-to-deploy-army-to-eastern-drc-to-fight-m23-rebels-20221102 |access-date=2 November 2022 |agency=news24 |date=2 November 2022 |archive-date=2 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221102061959/https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/kenya-to-deploy-army-to-eastern-drc-to-fight-m23-rebels-20221102 |url-status=live}}</ref> *{{flag|Sudan Selatan}} (Mulai Desember 2022)<ref name="VoA South Sudan">{{cite news |last1=Ponnie |first1=Sheila |title=South Sudan Sends 750 Troops to DRC |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/south-sudan-sends-750-troops-to-drc/6895421.html |access-date=30 December 2022 |publisher=Voice of America |date=28 December 2022 |archive-date=29 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229140235/https://www.voanews.com/a/south-sudan-sends-750-troops-to-drc/6895421.html |url-status=live}}</ref> {{flagicon image|Flag_of_SADC.svg}} [[Komunitas Pembangunan Afrika Selatan|SADC]] [[Misi SADC di Republik Demokratik Kongo|Misi di RDK]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/drc-signs-an-agreement-for-the-deployment-of-sadc-troops--4437868 |title=DRC signs deal for SADC troops deployment |date=18 November 2023 |access-date=9 December 2023 |archive-date=9 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209112457/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/drc-signs-an-agreement-for-the-deployment-of-sadc-troops--4437868 |url-status=live}}</ref><br>{{flagicon image|Flagge FDLR.svg}} [[Tentara Demokratis untuk Pembebasan Rwanda|FDLR]]<ref name="VOA aiding" /><ref name="africa news 23 May">{{cite news |title=DR Congo: UN condemns M23 rebel attacks on peacekeeping force in North Kivu |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/05/23/dr-congo-un-condemns-m23-rebel-attacks-on-peacekeeping-force-in-north-kivu/ |work=Africa News |date=23 May 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=21 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621073501/https://www.africanews.com/2022/05/23/dr-congo-un-condemns-m23-rebel-attacks-on-peacekeeping-force-in-north-kivu/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="HRW">{{cite web |title=DR Congo: Civilians at Risk Amid Resurgence of M23 Rebels |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-civilians-risk-amid-resurgence-m23-rebels |work=HRW |date=1 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612113751/https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-civilians-risk-amid-resurgence-m23-rebels |url-status=live}}</ref><br> {{flagicon image|Flag of Romania.svg}} [[Romania]]n Tentara bayaran <ref>{{cite web |title=Dozens of Romanian mercenaries stranded in Congo amid rebel offensive |url=https://www.romania-insider.com/dozens-romanian-mercenaries-stranded-congo-rebel-offensive-2025 |work=HRW |date=27 January 2025 |access-date=29 January 2025 |archive-date=30 January 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250130131525/https://www.romania-insider.com/dozens-romanian-mercenaries-stranded-congo-rebel-offensive-2025 |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name="Actualite26" /><br> [[Wazalendo]]: *[[Pertahanan Nduma Kongo Direnovasi]] *Pro-pemerintah [[Mai-Mai]]<ref name="Bahati">{{cite web |title=Rwanda: New Footage Suggests FDLR Fighting Alongside DR Congo Army |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202211240059.html |author=Moise M. Bahati |work=The New Times |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=7 January 2023 |archive-date=28 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128160834/https://allafrica.com/stories/202211240059.html |url-status=live}}</ref> *Faksi Nyatura pro-pemerintah<ref name="Bahati" /> *[[Aliansi Patriot untuk Kongo yang Merdeka dan Berdaulat|APCLS]]<ref name="DefensePost">{{cite web |title=M23 Rebels' Vow to Retreat at Odds With Hazy Reality in DR Congo |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2023/01/06/m23-rebels-retreat-dr-congo/ |work=The Defense Post |date=6 January 2023 |access-date=7 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107003750/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2023/01/06/m23-rebels-retreat-dr-congo/ |url-status=live}}</ref>|commander1=[[Bertrand Bisimwa]]<ref name="Karuhanga">{{cite news |title=Rwanda Will Not Be Drawn Into Intra-Congo Conflict - Govt Spokesperson |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202205270125.html |author=James Karuhanga |work=The New Times |date=26 May 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613134833/https://allafrica.com/stories/202205270125.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Etahoben">{{cite news |title=M23 Rebel Movement Hands Over Captured DR Congo Soldiers To Red Cross |url=https://humanglemedia.com/m23-rebel-movement-hands-over-captured-dr-congo-soldiers-to-red-cross/ |author=Bisong Etahoben |work=HumAngle |date=15 April 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809221506/https://humanglemedia.com/m23-rebel-movement-hands-over-captured-dr-congo-soldiers-to-red-cross/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />[[Sultani Makenga]]{{WIA}}<ref name="schlindwein" /><ref name="RadioOkapi2">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/06/27/actualite/revue-de-presse/le-potentiel-paix-durable-dans-lest-felix-tshisekedi-la-voie |title=Le Potentiel : " Paix durable dans l'Est : Félix Tshisekedi : « La voie diplomatique demeure l'option idéale et privilégiée " |work=RadioOkapi |date=27 June 2022 |access-date=30 June 2022 |archive-date=30 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630185632/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/06/27/actualite/revue-de-presse/le-potentiel-paix-durable-dans-lest-felix-tshisekedi-la-voie |url-status=live}}</ref><br>[[Yusuf Mboneza]] (Diduga dibunuh)<ref name="RadioOkapi2" /><ref name="umuseke">{{cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ibyihariye-kuri-brig-gen-mboneza-nimero-ya-kabiri-mu-ndwanyi-za-m23/ |title=Ibyihariye kuri Brig Gen Mboneza nimero ya kabiri mu ndwanyi za M23 |work=Umuseke |date=14 January 2023 |access-date=14 January 2023 |archive-date=14 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114080024/https://umuseke.rw/2023/01/ibyihariye-kuri-brig-gen-mboneza-nimero-ya-kabiri-mu-ndwanyi-za-m23/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br>Léon Kanyamibwa<ref name="RadioOkapi3">{{cite web |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/07/07/actualite/securite/rdc-changement-la-tete-du-commandement-militaire-au-nord-kivu-et-en |title=RDC : changement à la tête du commandement militaire au Nord-Kivu et en Ituri |work=RadioOkapi |date=7 July 2022 |access-date=7 July 2022 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707133905/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/07/07/actualite/securite/rdc-changement-la-tete-du-commandement-militaire-au-nord-kivu-et-en |url-status=live}}</ref>|commander2={{flagicon|DR Congo}} [[Félix Tshisekedi]]<ref name="HRW" /><br />([[Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo|Presiden RD Kongo]])<br/>{{flagicon|DR Congo}} Pacifique Masunzu<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gen Masunzu Appointed Commander in North Kivu as Fighting Intensifies |last=Amanya |first=Samuel |publisher=[[Uganda Radio Network]] |date=21 December 2024 |access-date=27 January 2025 |url=https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/gen-masunzu-appointed-zone-commander-in-north-kivu-as-fighting-intensifies-in-lubero}}</ref><br/>(Komandan Zona Pertahanan ke-3)<br/>{{flagicon|DR Congo}} [[Peter Cirimwami Nkuba]]{{KIA}}<ref>{{cite web |url=https://apnews.com/article/congo-fighting-governor-dies-e25c6a9eee3601e41d7e30861f8496af |title=Governor of Congo's North Kivu province dies of his wounds in fighting with rebels, authorities say |work=Associated Press |date=27 January 2025}}</ref><br/>(Gubernur militer Kivu Utara sejak September 2023)<br/>{{flagicon|DR Congo}} Clément Bitangalo Bulime<ref name="RadioOkapi3" /><br/>("Komandan Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu" mulai 6 Juli)<br/>{{flagicon|DR Congo}} Philémon Yav Irung<ref name="RadioOkapi3" /><br/>(Panglima Daerah Militer ke-32)<br/> {{flagicon|DR Congo}} [[Constant Ndima Kongba]] (Gubernur militer Kivu Utara hingga September 2023)<ref name="rfi2023">{{cite web |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230920-rdc-un-nouveau-gouverneur-militaire-int%C3%A9rimaire-au-nord-kivu |title=RDC: un nouveau gouverneur militaire intérimaire au Nord-Kivu |work=RFI |date=20 September 2023 |access-date=27 January 2025}}</ref></br>{{flagicon|DR Congo}} Muhindo Lwanzo<ref>{{cite news |title=Fresh Clashes Between Army, M23 Rebels in DR Congo's East |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2022/04/06/clashes-army-m23-dr-congo/ |work=Defense Post |date=6 April 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613123222/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2022/04/06/clashes-army-m23-dr-congo/ |url-status=live}}</ref><br />(Ajudan kepala militer Wilayah Rutshuru)<br />{{flagicon|DR Congo}} Francois-Xavier Aba van Ang<ref name="HRW" /><br />(Wakil komandan polisi Kivu Utara)<br />{{flagicon|EAC}}{{flagicon|Kenya}} Jeff Mungai Nyagah<ref name="Nyagah">{{cite news |last1=Lumu |first1=David |title=Kenyan Maj. Gen. Nyagah appointed as DRC joint force commander |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/kenyan-maj-gen-nyagah-appointed-as-drc-joint-143015 |access-date=31 December 2022 |publisher=New Vision |date=14 September 2022 |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231001110/https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/kenyan-maj-gen-nyagah-appointed-as-drc-joint-143015 |url-status=live}}</ref><br>(Komandan EAC-RF hingga April 2023)<br>{{flagicon|EAC}}{{flagicon|Kenya}} Alphaxard Kiugu<ref name="Alphaxard Kiugu App">{{cite news |title=Kenyan commander's exit exposes tussle over regional force mandate |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/why-kdf-man-is-unwanted-in-congo-mission-4217032 |access-date=3 May 2023 |work=The East African |publisher=Nation Media |date=1 May 2023 |language=en |archive-date=3 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230503061921/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/why-kdf-man-is-unwanted-in-congo-mission-4217032 |url-status=live}}</ref><br>(Komandan EAC-RF Sejak April 2023)|units1=Pasukan M23 * Fraksi Bisimwa<ref name="Karuhanga" /> (Tentara Revolusioner Kongo)<ref name="politico" /> *Fraksi Makenga{{sfn|ICG|2022|pp=10, 15}} [[Angkatan Pertahanan Rwanda]] (dibantah oleh Rwanda)<ref name="VOA aiding" /><ref name="reuters voa">{{cite news |title=Congo Says Rwandan Forces Supported Latest Rebel Attacks as Thousands Flee |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/congo-says-rwandan-forces-supported-latest-rebel-attacks-as-thousands-flee/6614619.html |work=Reuters |agency=VOA |date=12 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612232908/https://www.voanews.com/a/congo-says-rwandan-forces-supported-latest-rebel-attacks-as-thousands-flee/6614619.html |url-status=live}}</ref> * Batalyon 401<ref name="Etahoben1" />|units2=Pasukan RD Kongo * [[Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Demokratik Kongo|Angkatan Bersenjata (FARDC)]] ** Sektor operasi "Sokola 2/Nord-Kivu"<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/06/06/actualite/securite/nord-kivu-reprise-des-combats-entre-fardc-et-m23-rutshuru |title=Nord-Kivu : reprise des combats entre FARDC et M23 à Rutshuru |work=RadioOkapi |date=6 June 2022 |access-date=17 June 2022 |archive-date=17 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617174844/https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/06/06/actualite/securite/nord-kivu-reprise-des-combats-entre-fardc-et-m23-rutshuru |url-status=live}}</ref> *** Wilayah Militer ke-32<ref name="RadioOkapi3" /> ** [[Angkatan Udara Republik Demokratik Kongo|Angkatan Udara]]<ref name="DefensePost2">{{cite web |title=DR Congo Deploys Fighter Jets Against M23 Rebels |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2022/11/08/dr-congo-fighter-jets-m23/ |work=The Defense Post |date=8 November 2022 |access-date=7 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107004815/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2022/11/08/dr-congo-fighter-jets-m23/ |url-status=live}}</ref> * [[Garda Republik (Republik Demokratik Kongo)|Garda Republik]]<ref name="politico" /> * [[Polisi Nasional Kongo]]<ref name="monitor2">{{cite news |title=Congolese soldiers flee as M23 rebels take over town |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/congolese-soldiers-flee-as-m23-rebels-take-over-town-3847740 |author=Robert Muhereza |work=Daily Monitor |date=14 June 2022 |access-date=15 June 2022 |archive-date=15 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615034458/https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/congolese-soldiers-flee-as-m23-rebels-take-over-town-3847740 |url-status=live}}</ref> *Milisi pro-pemerintah<ref name="reuters 26 May">{{cite news |title=Heavy fighting as Congo tries to fend off resurgent M23 rebels |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-fighting-congo-tries-fend-off-resurgent-m23-rebels-2022-05-26/ |author=Djaffar Al Katanty |work=Reuters |date=26 May 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613051138/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-fighting-congo-tries-fend-off-resurgent-m23-rebels-2022-05-26/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Tentara Bayaran|Tentara Bayaran]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Mercenari albi cu pașapoarte românești în RD Congo |url=https://www.dw.com/ro/mercenari-albi-cu-pa%C8%99apoarte-rom%C3%A2ne%C8%99ti-%C3%AEn-rd-congo/a-64446101 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=19 January 2023 |access-date=12 May 2023 |archive-date=12 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512061112/https://amp.dw.com/ro/mercenari-albi-cu-pa%C8%99apoarte-rom%C3%A2ne%C8%99ti-%C3%AEn-rd-congo/a-64446101 |url-status=live}}</ref><br /> [[Brigade Intervensi Pasukan PBB]]<br /> [[Komunitas Afrika Timur]] (EAC) [[Penjaga Perdamaian|Pasukan Regional]]<ref name="RadioOkapi5" /> * [[Angkatan Pertahanan Rakyat Uganda]] (UPDF)<ref name="schlindwein" /> ** Batalyon ke-25<ref name="monitor3" /> ** Batalyon ke-35<ref name="monitor3" />|strength1=Pemberontak:<br>100–200+ (Maret 2022)<ref name="politico" /><br>400+ (May 2022)<ref name="politico" /><br> 3,000+ (June 2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=S/2024/432 |url=https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/n24/118/80/pdf/n2411880.pdf?token=cxiLV48yAnu1NioZpH&fe=true |website=United Nations |access-date=9 July 2024 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><br />Rwanda:<br> {{sekitar}} 3,000-4,000<ref name="VOA aiding" /><ref>{{cite news |title=DR Congo Says Rwanda Operating 500 Troops Over Border |url=https://www.thedefensepost.com/2022/06/09/dr-congo-rwanda-troops/ |work=Defense Post |date=9 June 2022 |access-date=13 June 2022 |archive-date=13 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613123401/https://www.thedefensepost.com/2022/06/09/dr-congo-rwanda-troops/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Uganda provided support to M23 rebels in Congo, UN report says |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/uganda-provided-support-m23-rebels-congo-un-report-says-2024-07-08/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |agency=Reuter |date=8 July 2024}}</ref>|strength2={{flagicon|DRC}} Tidak diketahui<br>{{flagicon|RSA}} 2900<ref>{{cite news |title=SA Deploys 2900 troops Eastern DRC |url=https://www.sanews.gov.za/south-africa/sa-deploys-2900-troops-eastern-drc |access-date=28 January 2025 |agency=SA Government News |date=13 February 2024}}</ref><br>{{flagicon|Kenya}} 900+<ref name="news24" /> <br> {{flagicon|Sudan Selatan}} 750<ref name="VoA South Sudan" />|casualties1=Tidak diketahui|casualties2={{flagicon|DRC}} 1 Helikopter ditembak jatuh<br />{{flagicon|United Nations}} [[2022 MONUSCO helicopter crash|1 helikopter ditembak jatuh]],<ref name="BBC 30 March" /> 26 terbunuh{{efn|8 killed (6 Pakistanis, 1 Russian, 1 Serbian) during helicopter crash,<ref name="BBC 30 March" /> 1 Moroccan killed in ground combat with M23.<ref name="RadioOkapi 1 August" /> 13 South Africans, 3 Malawians, 1 Uruguayan killed by M23 during the [[Battle of Goma]].}}|casualties3={{ubl| * 30.000 warga sipil mengungsi ke Uganda<ref>{{Cite web |title=DR Congo accuses Rwanda of 'invasion' as rebels attack town {{!}} DW {{!}} 14.06.2022 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/dr-congo-accuses-rwanda-of-invasion-as-rebels-attack-town/a-62120212 |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220615140548/https://www.dw.com/en/dr-congo-accuses-rwanda-of-invasion-as-rebels-attack-town/a-62120212 |url-status=live}}</ref> * 2,5 juta orang mengungsi secara total (per 8 Juli 2024)<ref>{{cite web |title=Resurgent East Congo Violence Displaces 72,000 in One Week |url=https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-05-27/resurgent-east-congo-violence-displaces-72-000-in-one-week |website=[[U.S. News & World Report]] |date=2022-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220728214608/https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-05-27/resurgent-east-congo-violence-displaces-72-000-in-one-week |archive-date=2022-07-28 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Remarks at a UN Security Council Briefing on the Situation Concerning the Democratic Republic of the Congo |url=https://usun.usmission.gov/remarks-at-a-un-security-council-briefing-on-the-situation-concerning-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-4/ |website=United States mission to the United Nations |date=8 July 2024 |access-date=11 July 2024 |archive-date=23 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250723034337/https://usun.usmission.gov/remarks-at-a-un-security-council-briefing-on-the-situation-concerning-the-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-4/ |dead-url=yes }}</ref> }}|notes=}}Pado akhia Maret 2022, [[Gerakan 23 Maret]] (M23), nan didukuang dek [[Rwanda]], malancarkan sarangan di [[Provinsi Nord-Kivu|Kivu Utara]] malawan [[Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Demokratik Kongo|Angkatan Basanjato Republik Demokratik Kongo]] (FARDC), jo [[MONUSCO]] . Patempuran iko alah manggusur ratusan ribu warga sipil jo maningkekan katagangan baru antaro [[Republik Demokratik Kongo]] jo [[Rwanda]] . Pado akhia Januari 2025, M23 maju ka kota [[Goma]] jo dukuangan Rwanda nan diduga, manyababkan Republik Demokratik Kongo mamutuihan hubuangan diplomatik jo Rwanda. Pado 30 Januari, M23 dikonfirmasi alah [[Pertempuran Goma|manakluakkan Goma]]. == Latar balakang == [[Berkas:M23_in_Goma.PNG|kiri|jmpl|Pemberontak [[M23]] di [[Goma]], Nopember 2012 .]] [[Gerakan 23 Maret]] mambuek[[Pemberontakan M23|pambarontakan]] di timur laut [[Republik Demokratik Kongo]] (RDC) dari 2012 inggo 2013. M23 dibantuak dek palarian [[Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Demokratik Kongo|dari Angkatan Bersenjata RDC]] (FARDC) nan sabalunnyo manjadi anggota kalompok pambarontak [[Kongres Nasional Bela Rakyat|CNDP]] jo indak pueh jo kondisi dinasnyo. Baiak CNDP maupun pambarontakan partamo Gerakan 23 Maret didukuang dek [[Rwanda]] jo [[Uganda]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|date=2022-03-30|title=M23 rebels in DR Congo deny shooting down UN helicopter|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60926185|language=en-GB|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/democratic-republic-congo/dr-congo-civilians-risk-amid-resurgence-m23-rebels|title=DR Congo: Civilians at Risk Amid Resurgence of M23 Rebels - Democratic Republic of the Congo {{!}} ReliefWeb|date=2022-06-01|website=reliefweb.int|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/m23-rebels-resurface-in-dr-congo/a-61383104|title=M23 rebels resurface in DR Congo – DW – 04/08/2022|website=dw.com|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Pambarontakan iko dikalahkan dek kampanye basamo dek DRC jo [[MONUSCO]], pasukan panjago [[Pasukan pemelihara perdamaian PBB|kadamaian lokal PBB]] . Sasudah satuju jo pajanjian damai, sabagian gadang M23 dibubarkan, sanjato para pajuangnyo diambiak jo pindah ka kamp pangungsian di [[Uganda]] . <ref name=":0" /> Walaupun ado kasapakatan, pamusuhan antaro M23 jo DR Kongo balanjuik. Pado 2017, komandan M23 [[Sultani Makenga]] jo sakitar 100 hinggo 200 pangikuiknyo lari dari Uganda untuak malanjuikan pambarontakannyo, mambuek kamp di [[Gunung Mikeno|Gunuang Mikeno]] di daerah pabatasan antaro Rwanda, Uganda jo DR Kongo. <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|last=Schlindwein|first=Simone|date=2022-03-30|title=Neue Kämpfe im Osten Kongos: UN-Blauhelme sterben|url=https://taz.de/Neue-Kaempfe-im-Osten-Kongos/!5841834/|newspaper=Die Tageszeitung: taz|language=de|issn=0931-9085|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b181-dr-congo-great-lakes.pdf|title=Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes|access-date=2025-05-01|archive-date=2022-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525122854/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b181-dr-congo-great-lakes.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Pasukan Makenga malancarkan serangan ketek kapado FARDC pado 2021; <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":2" /> Namun, operasi-operasi ko indak mahasiakan hasia nan saketek, karano M23 indak lai mandapek dukuangan internasional nan signifikan. Uganda jo DR Kongo sacaro signifikan maningkekan hubungannyo, bakarajo samo malawan musuah basamo, [[Pasukan Demokratik Sekutu]], <ref name=":3" /> salamo [[Operasi Shujaa]] . <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/congolese-soldiers-flee-as-m23-rebels-take-over-town-3847740|title=Congolese soldiers flee as M23 rebels take over town|date=2022-06-14|website=Monitor|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Pado awal 2022, samakin banyak pajuang M23 nan mulai maninggaan kampnyo jo babaliak ka Republik Demokratik Kongo; <ref name=":0" /> Gerakan pambarontak malancarkan labiah banyak sarangan pado Februari 2022, tapi sarangan iko digagalkan. <ref name=":3" /> Pamimpin M23 bapandapek baso sabagian dari garakan mareka alah malanjuikan pambarontakan karano syarat-syarat pajanjian damai 2013 alun dihormati dek pamarintah Kongo. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":2" />Para pambarontak juo bapandapek baso mareka mancubo mampatahankan minoritas [[Tutsi]] di Kivu dari sarangan militan [[Hutu]] sarupo [[Pasukan Demokratik untuk Pembebasan Rwanda|Pasukan Demokratik untuak Pambebasan Rwanda]] (FDLR). <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/05/23/dr-congo-un-condemns-m23-rebel-attacks-on-peacekeeping-force-in-north-kivu/|title=DR Congo: UN condemns M23 rebel attacks on peacekeeping force in North Kivu|last=AfricaNews|date=2022-05-23CEST14:34:30+02:00|website=Africanews|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Situasi labiah rumik dek faksionalisme dalam M23, karano garakan iko pacah manjadi kalompok-kalompok saingan, yaitu "Aliansi untuak Kasalamatan Rakyat" nan dipimpin dek [[Jean-Marie Runiga]], jo "Tantara Revolusioner Kongo" nan dipimpin dek [[Bertrand Bisimwa]] masiang-masiang. <ref name=":6">{{Cite news|title=Rwanda Will Not Be Drawn Into Intra-Congo Conflict - Govt Spokesperson|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202205270125.html|newspaper=allAfrica.com|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> <ref name=":7">{{Cite news|last=Kinshasa|first=Rédaction|date=2022-06-22|title=RDC : Recrutement, réarmement et réorganisation du M23, l’Ouganda et le Rwanda ont servi de base arrière {{!}} Politico.cd|url=https://www.politico.cd/la-rdc-a-la-une/2022/06/22/rdc-recrutement-rearmement-et-reorganisation-du-m23-louganda-et-le-rwanda-ont-servi-de-base-arriere.html/110975/|newspaper=Politico.cd|language=fr-FR|access-date=2025-05-01|archive-date=2022-07-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711120943/https://www.politico.cd/la-rdc-a-la-une/2022/06/22/rdc-recrutement-rearmement-et-reorganisation-du-m23-louganda-et-le-rwanda-ont-servi-de-base-arriere.html/110975/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Salain itu, kalompok Makenga [[de facto]] tapisah dari pasukan M23 lainnyo, nan sabagian gadangnyo masih barado di Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b181-dr-congo-great-lakes.pdf|title=Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes|access-date=2025-05-01|archive-date=2022-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525122854/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b181-dr-congo-great-lakes.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Panalitian salanjuiknyo nan ditugaskan dek [[Dewan Kaamanan Pasarikatan Banso-Banso|Dewan Kaamanan PBB]] manunjuakan baso baliaknyo Makenga ka pambarontakan alah mamulai pasanjatoan ulang jo pamulihan M23 sacaro batahap, jo "Tantara Revolusioner Kongo" Bisimwa bagabuang jo usaho pado akhia 2021 jo mangatur baliak karajo samo Makenga nan tasiso. Markas M23 nan dipulihkan dipicayoi talatak di [[Gunung Sabyinyo|Gunuang Sabyinyo]] . <ref name=":7" /> Pado 2022, M23 hanyolah salah satu dari 120 kalompok basanjato nan baoperasi di timua DR Kongo. <ref name=":4" /> Sabalun Maret 2022, pamarintah Kongo mambuek usaho untuak mampakuek posisinyo malawan kabangkitan M23 jo mangirim labiah banyak pasukan. Namun, langkah iko malamahan kahadirannyo di daerah lain, sarupo nan kanai pambarontakan [[Pemberontakan Pasukan Demokratik Sekutu|Pasukan Demokratik Sekutu]] . <ref name=":7" /> == Panyerangan == === Serangan awal pambarontakan === Pado malam 27 Maret 2022, pambarontak M23 malancarkan serangan baru di [[Provinsi Nord-Kivu|Kivu Utara]], <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=https://humanglemedia.com/5-dr-congo-chiefs-flee-chiefdoms-take-refuge-in-goma-after-persistent-m23-rebels-attacks/|title=5 DR Congo Chiefs Flee Chiefdoms, Take Refuge In Goma After Persistent M23 Rebel Attacks|last=Etahoben|first=Chief Bisong|date=2022-03-31|website=HumAngle|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-01|archive-date=2022-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613134754/https://humanglemedia.com/5-dr-congo-chiefs-flee-chiefdoms-take-refuge-in-goma-after-persistent-m23-rebels-attacks/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> partamo kali manyarang kampuang [[Tshanzu]] jo [[Runyoni]] di [[Wilayah Rutshuru]] <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/28/m23-rebels-attack-military-positions-in-eastern-dr-congo|title=M23 rebels attack military positions in eastern DR Congo|website=Al Jazeera|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> dari benteng mareka di bukik-bukik sakitarnyo. <ref name=":2" /> Kaduo kampuang ko pernah manjadi benteng pantiang Gerakan M23 salamo pambarontakan 2012-2013. <ref name=":9" /> Panyarangan pambarontak dilaporkan dipimpin dek Sultani Makenga. <ref name=":3" /> Pamarintah RDC mangaku baso [[Rwanda]] mandukuang operasi pambarontak, klaim nan dibantah dek pamarintah Rwanda <ref name=":0" /> jo pambarontak. <ref name=":2" /> Panaliti [[ICG|Kelompok Krisis Internasional]] Onespore Sematumba mangatoan klaim-klaim tantang bantuan Rwanda tu kredibel. Inyo bapandapek baso bangkiknyo M23 mungkin dipangaruahi dek kainginan Rwanda untuak maambek proyek infrastruktur nan ka mahubuangkan Kongo jo Uganda. <ref name=":2" /> Pado 29 Maret, FARDC dapek mangusir sarangan pambarontak pado kota pabatasan [[Bunagana]], tapi M23 marabuik babarapo kampuang, tamasuak Mugingo, Gasiza, Chengerero, Rugamba, Kibote, Baseke jo Kabindi. <ref name=":8" /> Salain itu, sabuah helikopter PBB [[Kecelakaan helikopter Korps Penerbangan Angkatan Darat Pakistan 2022|jatuah di Tshanzu]], mambunuah lapan urang panjago kadamaian MONUSCO (anam urang Pakistan, ciek urang Rusia, jo ciek urang Serbia). FARDC manyalahkan pambarontak M23 nan manembak jatuah kapa tabang tu. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|url=https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b181-dr-congo-great-lakes.pdf|title=Easing the Turmoil in the Eastern DR Congo and Great Lakes|access-date=2025-05-01|archive-date=2022-05-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525122854/https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b181-dr-congo-great-lakes.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Di Bunagana, FARDC mandapek dukuangan dari [[Tentara Pertahanan Rakyat Uganda|Pasukan Patahanan Rakyat Uganda]] (UPDF). Pasukan darat UPDF malintasi pabatasan, samantaro kapa tabang Uganda mambom pambarontak. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":11">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/fresh-fighting-erupts-in-bunagana-3851364|title=Fresh fighting erupts in Bunagana|date=2022-06-17|website=Monitor|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Pado 1 April, bentrokan di Rutshuru alah manggusur 46.000 panduduak satampek manuruik [[Komisioner Tinggi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Pengungsi|UNHCR]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/thousands-fleeing-violent-clashes-in-drc-in-need-of-emergency-aid/6511405.html|title=Thousands Fleeing Violent Clashes in DRC in Need of Emergency Aid|date=2022-04-01|website=Voice of America|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Samantaro itu, pajuang M23 mundur samantaro ka pangkalan gunuangnyo, jo sarangan partamo mareka dianggap gagal. <ref name=":3" /> Mereka mamproklamirkan gencatan senjato sepihak. <ref name=":10" /> <ref name=":12">{{Cite web|url=https://humanglemedia.com/m23-rebels-withdraw-from-villages-captured-in-dr-congo/|title=M23 Rebels Withdraw From Villages Captured In DR Congo|last=Etahoben|first=Chief Bisong|date=2022-04-11|website=HumAngle|language=en-US|access-date=2025-02-01|archive-date=2022-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220613134752/https://humanglemedia.com/m23-rebels-withdraw-from-villages-captured-in-dr-congo/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Saurang mantan perwira M23 mangatoan ka koran [[Die Tageszeitung|Taz]] baso indak jaleh samo sakali apo nan dimukasuik dek sarangan pambarontak, dan inyo baspekulasi baso Makenga mungkin baharok untuak satu parang tarakhia untuak mati di tanah airnyo. <ref name=":3" /> === Gagalnyo parundiangan damai jo balanjuiknyo parang === Pado 6 April, FARDC manulak parundingan apopun jo pasukan M23 nan barado di DR Kongo, jo malancarkan sarangan balawanan. <ref name=":10" /> Ampek hari kamudian, M23 mangumumkan baso inyo akan manarik pasukannyo dari kampuang-kampuang mano sajo nan ditangkok dalam bentrokan sabalunnyo. <ref name=":12" /> Namun, sairiang jo parang nan mangamuak, FARDC samakin kalah dari pambarontak, <ref name=":10" /> Pado akhia April, pamarintah DRC jo babarapo kalompok pambarontak maadoan parundiangan damai di [[Nairobi]], <ref name=":1" /> tapi fraksi Bisimwa dari M23 baiak sacaro sukarela maninggaan <ref name=":6" /> atau diharokkan dari parang. bentrokan nan sadang balangsuang di Kivu Utara. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":5" /> Pasukan M23, nan dilaporkan dipimpin dek Makenga <ref name=":1" /> jo tamasuak fraksi Bisimwa, <ref name=":6" /> malanjuikan panyarangannyo pado bulan Mei. <ref name=":1" /> Operasi iko dilaporkan didukuang dek sakurang-kurangnyo 1.000 pasukan Rwanda. <ref name=":132">{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaafrica.com/a/rwanda-inside-drc-aiding-m23---report/6686811.html|title=Rwanda Inside DRC, Aiding M23 - Report|date=2022-08-04|website=Voice of America|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Manuruik panduduak satampek, M23 manyarang Kibumba pado 18 Mei <ref name=":14">{{Cite news|title=Heavy fighting as Congo tries to fend off resurgent M23 rebels|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/heavy-fighting-congo-tries-fend-off-resurgent-m23-rebels-2022-05-26/|newspaper=Reuters|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Pado 19 Mei, pambarontak M23 manyarang pasukan panjago kadamaian MONUSCO di Shangi, Wilayah Rutshuru, katiko pasukan bagabuang jo FARDC dalam operasi kontra-pambarontakan. Pamimpin pambarontak mangatoan sarangan iko marupoan tanggapan taradok operasi basamo FARDC-FDLR sabalunnyo. <ref name=":5" /> Mulai pado 22 Mei, pambarontak mancubo untuak maju ka ibu kota provinsi Kivu Utara, [[Goma]], <ref name=":1" /> manggusur 70.000 urang. <ref name=":15">{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/drc-army-m23-rebels-kill-two-congo-soldiers-as-fighting-resumes/6605739.html|title=DRC Army: M23 Rebels Kill Two Congo Soldiers as Fighting Resumes|date=2022-06-06|website=Voice of America|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Dari 22 inggo 23 Mei, parang mangamuak di Kibumba, samantaro pambarontak manakluakkan samantaro [[Rumangabo]] sabalun diambiak baliak dek FARDC. <ref name=":14" /> Manuruik panaliti independen, pambarontak ko didukuang dek tantara Rwanda salamo parang di Rumangabo. <ref name=":132" /> Pado 25 Mei, M23 sampai di pinggiran kota Goma, <ref name=":1" /> tapi diulak dek MONUSCO, FARDC, <ref name=":15" /> jo FDLR <ref name=":132" /> sasudah parang kareh. Para pambarontak kamudian mundur, jo parang baranti salamo sisa bulan. <ref name=":15" /> Pado saat iko, FARDC manuduah [[Pasukan Pertahanan Rwanda|Pasukan Partahanan Rwanda]] (RDF) baparang langsuang basamo-samo jo pambarontak, jo mangaku baso panduduak satampek alah [[Vigilantisme|manangkok]] duo tantara Rwanda. Di sisi lain, Rwanda mangaku baso DR Kongo alah manembakkan roket ka wilayahnyo, dibantu dek FDLR, <ref name=":1" /> jo alah “manculik” duo tantara RDF. <ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/dr-congo-army-accuses-rwanda-of-deploying-soldiers-to-defend-m23--3843614|title=DR Congo army accuses Rwanda of deploying soldiers 'to defend M23'|date=2022-06-09|website=Monitor|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Pajuangan ko juo mambangkikkan katagangan etnis lokal; Wakil komandan polisi Kivu Utara, Francois-Xavier Aba van Ang, mangaluaan sabuah video nan mandorong warga sipil untuak baorganisasi sabagai milisi untuak malawan M23 dalam "parang rakyaik." <ref name=":1" /> FARDC juo manyanjatoan milisi lokal nan alah ado sahinggo dapek mambantu dalam kampanye malawan M23. <ref name=":132" /> === Jatuahnyo Bunagana, kamajuan pambarontak, jo serangan balik pro pamarentah === [[Berkas:M23offensive.png|pra=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkas:M23offensive.png|kiri|jmpl|250x250px|Peta serangan M23]] Awal Juni, bentrokan tajadi baliak di Bunagana. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/congo-says-rwandan-forces-supported-latest-rebel-attacks-as-thousands-flee/6614619.html|title=Congo Says Rwandan Forces Supported Latest Rebel Attacks as Thousands Flee|date=2022-06-12|website=Voice of America|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> <ref name=":15" /> Militan M23 dilaporkan manyarang pasukan MONUSCO di Muhati, Wilayah Rutshuru, pado tanggal 8 Juni <ref name=":16" /> Pado 12 Juni, FARDC mangusir sarangan M23 lain ka Bunagana, bartepatan jo kunjungan [[Monarki Belgia|Rajo]] [[Philippe dari Belgia]] ka [[Bukavu]] di selatan. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/belgian-king-ends-dr-congo-tour-on-visit-to-volatile-east/6614595.html|title=Belgian King Ends DR Congo Tour on Visit to Volatile East|date=2022-06-12|website=Voice of America|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Indak sarupo jo sarangan sabalunnyo ka Bunagana, pasukan kaamanan Uganda di subarang pabatasan indak turun tangan dan malah mundur dari bukik-bukik nan manghadap ka kota. <ref name=":11" /> M23 manakluakkan Bunagana bisuaknyo, dilaporkan sasudah mangapuangnyo jo mamaso garnisun satampek <ref name=":17">{{Cite news|title=Congo rebels seize eastern border town, army blames Rwanda|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/congo-rebels-seize-key-eastern-border-town-local-activists-say-2022-06-13/|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> nan tadiri dari 137 tantara jo 37 patugas polisi untuak mundur ka [[Kisoro]] di Uganda. <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://humanglemedia.com/m23-rebels-reclaim-dr-congo-region-after-military-takeover/|title=M23 Rebels Reclaim DR Congo Region After Military Takeover|last=Etahoben|first=Chief Bisong|date=2022-06-14|website=HumAngle|language=en-US|access-date=2025-05-01|archive-date=2022-06-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220614114542/https://humanglemedia.com/m23-rebels-reclaim-dr-congo-region-after-military-takeover/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Di sinan, mareka manyarah kapado pasukan kaamanan lokal Uganda. Banyak juo warga sipil nan lari manyubarang perbatasan. <ref name=":4" /> Kudian, komandan garnisun Bunagana Kolonel Ndyadya jo Lobo, jo komandan sektor daerah [[Peter Cirimwami Nkuba]], saliang manuduah maagiah parentah untuak mundur. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2023/04/04/actualite/justice/proces-des-deserteurs-de-bunagana-le-general-de-brigade-peter-cirimwami|title=Procès des déserteurs de Bunagana: le général de brigade Peter Cirimwami comparait en tant que renseignant|date=2023-04-04|website=Radio Okapi|language=fr|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Gubernur militer Kivu Utara [[Constant Ndima Kongba]] pado mulonyo mambantah baso FARDC alah kalah kota tasabuik, <ref name=":17" /> tapi juru bicara FARDC Sylvain Ekenge kudian manyatoan baso jatuahnyo Bunagana marupoan "invasi" dek Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://apnews.com/article/politics-africa-uganda-9de583638d918a35d768602052230941|title=Congo military accuses Rwanda of invasion; rebels seize town|date=2022-06-13|website=AP News|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Katagangan antaro Rwanda jo Kongo taruih maningkek, karano Kongo manangguang “sagalo pajanjian” jo Kongo. <ref name=":18">{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/uganda-halts-congo-military-operations-3851330|title=Uganda halts Congo military operations|date=2022-06-17|website=Monitor|language=en|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> Pado saat iko, duo sumber kaamanan senior Kongo <ref name=":17" /> jo surang [[Parlemen Republik Demokratik Kongo|anggota parlemen Kongo]] juo manuduah Uganda mandukuang sarangan pambarontak. Anggota parlemen Kongo mangklaim baso mundurnyo Uganda sabalun sarangan pambarontak alah mamfasilitasi pangambilalihan, jo sacaro khusus manamoan [[Muhoozi Kainerugaba]], kapalo pasukan Uganda nan talibaik dalam Operasi Shujaa, karano mandukuang M23. Republik Demokratik Kongo taruih mangakhiri karajo samo militer jo Uganda. <ref name=":11" /> Pamarintah Uganda salanjuiknyo manangguang Operasi Shujaa, samantaro militer Uganda mangaku baso sarangan M23 tarakhia indak manimbulkan ancaman kapado warga jo paralatan Uganda, jo baso campur tangan mareka indak paralu. <ref name=":18" /> Kapalo MONUSCO satampek mangatoan klaim dukuangan Uganda untuak M23 adolah "omong kosong" jo maimbau untuak tanang jo bakarajo samo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.radiookapi.net/2022/06/15/actualite/politique/prise-de-bunagana-nous-navons-rien-vu-ni-entendu-que-les-ougandais|title=Prise de Bunagana : « Nous n’avons rien vu, ni entendu que les Ougandais auraient trahi leurs alliées FARDC » (MONUSCO)|date=2022-06-15|website=Radio Okapi|language=fr|access-date=2025-05-01}}</ref> == Rujuakan == b45pdjf73ibrsqg7esg6rihgkx0uzj8 0 476623 3352650 3346252 2026-09-16T17:00:04Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox_Library | library_name = Perpustakaan Soeman H.S. | name_en = | library_logo = | image = | caption = Perpustakaan Soeman H.S. | country = {{negara|Indonesia}} [[Indonesia]] | type = | scope = | established = | ref_legal_mandate = | location = [[Pekanbaru]], [[Riau]], [[Indonesia]] | coordinates = | branch_of = | num_branches = | items_collected = | collection_size = | criteria = | legal_deposit = | req_to_access = | annual_circulation = | pop_served = | members = | budget = | director = | num_employees = | website = | phone_num = }} {{Infobox lokasi}} '''Perpustakaan Soeman H.S.''' adolah salah satu [[perpustakaan]] dan panyimpanan [[arsip nasional]] nan bastatus [[perpustakaan]] [[provinsi]]. Perpustakaan iko marupoan perpustakaan daerah nan gadang di Indonesia. Perpustakan Soeman H.S terletak di Jalan Sudirman, Kota Pekanbaru.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Septiyani|first=Kistin|date=2021-09-13|title=Perpustakaan Soeman HS, Perpustakaan Termegah di Pekanbaru|url=https://travel.kompas.com/read/2021/09/13/101200627/perpustakaan-soeman-hs-perpustakaan-termegah-di-pekanbaru|website=KOMPAS.com|language=id|access-date=2024-05-17}}</ref> Pustaka iko acok juo maadoan gelaran literasi di akhia pakan. == Model bangunan == Perpustakaan iko dibangun dek pamarintah [[Riau|Provinsi Riau]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2019-02-11|title=Asal Usul Perpustakaan Termegah di Riau (Perpustakaan Soeman HS) – Dinas Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan Kota Pekanbaru|url=https://dispusip.pekanbaru.go.id/asal-usul-perpustakaan-termegah-di-riau-perpustakaan-soeman-hs/|language=id-ID|access-date=2024-05-17|archive-date=2024-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517134633/https://dispusip.pekanbaru.go.id/asal-usul-perpustakaan-termegah-di-riau-perpustakaan-soeman-hs/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Perpustakaan iko dibangun pakai APBD Riau nan dianggarkan dalam gerakan pandidikan ''Riau Membaca''.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-04-20|title=Perpustakaan Soeman HS Pekanbaru Riau|url=https://www.riaumagz.com/2016/04/perpustakaan-soeman-hs-pekanbaru-riau.html|website=Riaumagz.com|access-date=2025-01-29}}</ref> Perpustakaan iko mampunyoi 6 lantai guno mamanuahi [[fasilitas publik]] barupo perpustakaan daerah, nan pado maso itu di [[Riau]] alum mampunyoi gedung nan representatif.<ref name=":0" /> Pado tahun [[2008]], [[Wakil Presiden Indonesia|Wakil Presiden]] [[Muhammad Jusuf Kalla]] datang untuak maninjau dan maresmikan Perpustakaan Soeman Hs.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Supriyanto|first=Yayan|title=Bangga! Perpustakaan Termegah se-Asia Tenggara Ada di Pekanbaru, Berbentuk Meja Al-Qur’an - Indozone Travel|url=https://travel.indozone.id/news/951267841/bangga-perpustakaan-termegah-se-asia-tenggara-ada-di-pekanbaru-berbentuk-meja-al-quran-|website=Bangga! Perpustakaan Termegah se-Asia Tenggara Ada di Pekanbaru, Berbentuk Meja Al-Qur’an - Indozone Travel|language=id|access-date=2024-05-17|archive-date=2024-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240517133444/https://travel.indozone.id/news/951267841/bangga-perpustakaan-termegah-se-asia-tenggara-ada-di-pekanbaru-berbentuk-meja-al-quran-|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Salain manjadi ruang baco, perpustakaan iko sakaligus manjadi ruang [[publik]] bagi masyarakaik. Desainnyo unik tarinsipirasi dari aleh baco [[Al-Quran]] sakileh mirip juo dengan [[buku]] nan sadang tabukak. == Fasilitas == Perpustakaan iko mampunyoi sajumlah fasilitas, antaro lain: * [[auditorium]] * bilik budaya melayu * atrium * ruang pertemuan * ruang Internet * [[Musholla]] * [[kantin]] * ''Energy Corner'' (Chevron Library) Salain bangunannyo nan megah, Perpustakaan Soeman HS manyimpan sajumlah [[literatur]] nan cukuik lengkap takaik [[Melayu]]. Literatur-literatur iko tasimpan dalam ruangan khusus nan disabauik juo jo namo Bilik Melayu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.riauinfo.com/main/news.php?c=13&id=12345 |title=archive copy |access-date=2025-09-14 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222175033/https://www.riauinfo.com/main/news.php?c=13&id=12345 |dead-url=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=Mei 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Pambarian namo untuak [[perpustakaan]] iko, tarinsiparisi dari manganang jaso [[pujangga]] asal [[Riau]], katurunan [[Tapanuli]], yaitunyo [[Soeman Hs]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://indoplaces.com/mod.php?mod=indonesia&op=view_region&cid=5&regid=1964 |title=archive copy |access-date=2025-09-14 |archive-date=2022-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912053010/https://www.indoplaces.com/mod.php?mod=indonesia&op=view_region&cid=5&regid=1964 |dead-url=yes }}</ref> Sampai pado maso kiniko perpustakaan Soeman HS nan kini jadi marka tanah dan ikon baru [[pariwisata]] [[Kota Pekanbaru]] sehari dapek dikunjuangi dek hinggo sampai 1.000 urang, baiak dari dalam Kota Pekanbaru tamasuak juo dari lua daerah atau lua Kota Pekanbaru. == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} == Caliak pulo == * [[Soeman Hs]] == Pautan lua == * [http://melayuonline.com/ind/news/read/6342/termegah-di-indonesia-perpustakaan-soeman-hs-resmi-dibuka perpustakaan Soeman HS] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100213102505/http://melayuonline.com/ind/news/read/6342/termegah-di-indonesia-perpustakaan-soeman-hs-resmi-dibuka |date=2010-02-13 }} [[Kategori:Perpustakaan di Indonesia|Soeman H.S.]] [[Kategori:Bangunan jo struktur di Riau]] [[Kategori:Arsitektur Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Perpustakaan di Riau]] rywv122rkc87wf80jtw3bclfq7o9tah 0 477282 3352651 3343768 2026-09-16T18:06:06Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352651 wikitext text/x-wiki {{kotakinfo pulau|nama=Pulau Malau Satu|koordinat={{coor dms|02|45|47|S|98|44|29|E|}}|negara={{negara|indonesia}} [[Indonesia]]|kepulauan=[[Sumatra]]|provinsi={{flagicon|Sumatera Utara}} [[Sumatera Utara]]|jenisdati2=[[Kabupaten]]|dati2=[[Kabupaten Samosir|Samosir]]|populasi=-}} '''Pulau Malau Satu''' adolah salah satu pulau di Samudra Hindia. Pulau ko barado di sabalah barat [[Sumatra|Pulau Sumatra]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Pulau Malau Satu|url=http://www.ppk-kp3k.kkp.go.id/direktori-pulau/index.php/public_c/pulau_info/767|website=www.ppk-kp3k.kkp.go.id|access-date=2021-07-22|archive-date=2022-08-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801105945/http://www.ppk-kp3k.kkp.go.id/direktori-pulau/index.php/public_c/pulau_info/767|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sacaro administratif, Pulau Malau Satu tamasuak dalam [[Simanindo, Samosir|Kecamatan Simanindo]], [[Kabupaten Samosir]], [[Sumatera Utara]], [[Indonesia]].<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kadinpulaumalausatu.org/masuk-kadin|title=Kamar Dagang dan Industri Indonesia - Kadin Pulau Malau Satu|website=kadinpulaumalausatu.org|access-date=2026-02-21|archive-date=2026-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260210033944/http://kadinpulaumalausatu.org/masuk-kadin|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Badasakan hasil survei toponim pulau pado taun 2006, pulau ko diagiah namo Pulau Tao. Dari hasil verifikasi Tim Nasional Pembakuan Nama Rupabumi taun 2007, pulau ko mangalami parubahan namo manjadi Pulau Malau Satu.<ref name=":0" /> Namun, indak ado sumber nan ditamukan untuak manjalehan baa mangko pulau ko dinamoi Pulau Malau Satu. Indak ado sumber nan ditamukan nan manjalehan topografi pulau ko jo vegetasi apo nan tumbuah di pulau ko. Pulau ko tacantum sabagai salah satu pulau nan dihuni dan pulau ko juo digunoan sabagai objek wisata.<ref name=":0" /> Namun, indak ado sumber nan ditamukan untuak manjalehan baa mangko pulau ko dinamoi Malau Satu. == Rujuakan == <references /> == Pranala lua == * {{id}} [https://samosirkab.go.id Situs web resmi Kabupaten Samosir] [[Kategori:Pulau di Indonesia|Malau Satu]] [[Kategori:Pulau di Sumatera Utara|Malau Satu]] [[Kategori:Pulau di Kabupaten Samosir|Malau Satu]] {{indo-pulau-stub}} [[Kategori:WikiBasamo 2.0]] 7ubxn2kbu1bflvros7eptdzxrkxcpgu 0 478715 3352653 3352484 2026-09-16T19:39:46Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352653 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Multiple image|align=right|direction=horizontal|width=150|image1=Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1973-010-31, Mutter mit Kindern.jpg|caption1=Foto propaganda pado maso kakuasaan [[Nazisme|Nazi]] di Jerman, mancitrakan bahasonyo padusi ideal adolah saurang ibu rumah tanggo.|image2=Von_der_Leyen_2010.jpg|caption2=[[Ursula von der Leyen]], Manteri pertahanan padusi partamo di Jerman}}'''Sejarah padusi di Jerman''' adolah kajian sajarah nan mancakuik peran, garak, jo kagiatan [[padusi]] di daerah babahaso [[Bahaso Jerman|Jerman]] (mayoritas) dari wakatu ka wakatu. Sejarah iko dapek ditelusuri dari [[Abaik Patangahan]] sampai kini. Salamo maso iko, padusi di Jerman alah maambiak babagai peran dalam kahidupan sosial. Pado zaman awal, paran padusi Jerman diidentifikasi jo istilah 4K, yaitu: ''Kinder'' (anak-anak), ''Kirche'' (gereja), ''Küche'' (dapua), jo ''Kleider'' (pakaian). Istilah iko manunjuakan peran padusi Jerman, nan sabalunnyo tabateh pado kagiatan rumah tanggo sarupo manggadangan anak, menghadiri upacara agamo, mamasak jo manyadiokan makanan, jo baurusan jo pakaian. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_women.htm|title=Women In German Society|website=www.germanculture.com.ua|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03|archive-date=2020-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127012944/https://germanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_women.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Sairiang bajalannyo wakatu, padusi Jerman, malalui garakan jo pajuangannyo, mulai mandapekkan peran nan labiah luas. Kamudian, kini alah muncua tokoh-tokoh ikonik nan malambangkan kasataraan gender di Jerman, sarupo [[Ursula von der Leyen]] (Mantari Partahanan Jerman) jo [[Angela Merkel]] ( [[Kanselir Jerman]] ). == Abaik Patangahan hinggo akhia abaik ka-18 == Pado Abaik Patangahan, padusi Jerman punyo posisi jo peran nan relatif tabateh dalam masyarakaik. Tigo kagiatan utamo nan dilakukan dek mayoritas padusi salamo maso iko adolah batani, manjago taranak, jo mananun kain. Padusi Jerman pado maso iko masih maadoki diskriminasi dalam mamiliki atau mawarisi harato, sarupo tanah jo bangunan. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52542551|title=State of virginity : gender, religion, and politics in an early modern Catholic state|last=1964-|first=Strasser, Ulrike,|date=2004|publisher=University of Michigan Press|isbn=9780472032150|location=Ann Arbor|oclc=52542551}}Hlm 47-51</ref> <ref name=":13">{{Cite journal|last=Nelson|first=Janet L.|last2=Rio|first2=Alice|date=2013-08-22|title=Women and Laws in Early Medieval Europe|url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199582174-e-035|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199582174-e-035}} dalam M.,, Bennett, Judith; 1957-, Karras, Ruth Mazo, (2013). [[oclc:829743917|''The Oxford handbook of women and gender in medieval Europe'']] (First edition ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780199582174|9780199582174]]. [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:829743917|829743917]]. Hlm. 122-140.</ref> Padusi [[Suku bangsa Jermanik|Jerman]] juo harus diwakili dek wali laki-laki di pangadilan. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last=Reyerson|first=Kathryn|date=2013-08-22|title=Urban Economies|url=http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199582174-e-033|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199582174.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199582174-e-033}} dalam M.,, Bennett, Judith; 1957-, Karras, Ruth Mazo, (2013). [[oclc:829743917|''The Oxford handbook of women and gender in medieval Europe'']] (First edition ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Istimewa:Sumber buku/9780199582174|9780199582174]]. [[Online Computer Library Center|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:829743917|829743917]]. Hlm. 354-364. "In order to engage in a legal contract that could create an economic investment, women in many parts of Europe needed a male guardian who assumed legal liability. In Italian cities, the Roman law legacy, co-mingled with Lombard law, stipulated guardianship for women, and it left women with many fewer options for independent action. In Ghent, women had to have guardians unless they had been emancipated or held special merchant status.... "</ref> Sacaro umum, posisi sosial padusi Jerman salamo periode ko sangaik tagantuang pado karabaik laki-lakinyo, sarupo ayah atau suaminyo. Karajo jo kagiatan padusi juo tagantuang pado kadudukan sosial kaluarganyo, sarupo: Padusi nan iduiknyo mampu dapek bakarajo sabagai padagang manuruik suaminyo; padusi kelas menengah bakarajo di rumah di sektor tekstil, sabagai palayan restoran, tukang kadai atau di industri makanan; samantaro padusi nan labiah miskin acok manjua makanan di pasa-pasa tradisional, bakarajo sabagai pambantu rumah tangga, atau mangarajoan karajo tangan lainnyo. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Plummer|first=Marjorie Elizabeth|date=2008-08-01|title=‘Partner in his Calamities’: Pastors' Wives, Married Nuns and the Experience of Clerical Marriage in the Early German Reformation|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0424.2008.00518.x/abstract|journal=Gender & History|language=en|volume=20|issue=2|pages=207–227|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0424.2008.00518.x|issn=1468-0424}} "Women married clergy for a variety of reasons that were counterintuitive to typical marital strategies for economic security and social networking, since clergy had neither in the 1520s......."</ref> Sejarawan modern juo maasumsikan baso padusi pado maso iko batangguang jawab ateh sagalo urusan anak-anaknyo sahinggo padusi kamungkinan hanyo bakarajo di lokasi nan dakek jo rumahnyo. <ref name=":0" /> Sabalun abaik ka-19, padusi mudo adolah tangguang jawab ayahnyo, saurang padusi harus patuah kapado ayahnyo sabalun manikah, di mano tangguang jawab jo kataatan kamudian bapindah kapado suaminyo. <ref name=":13" /> Undang-undang juo manuntuik padusi untuak mampunyoi mahar sabalun manikah. Padusi nan barasa dari kaluarga mampu dapek manarimo mahar dari kaluarganyo. Samantaro padusi dari kaluarga nan kurang baruntuang harus bakarajo supayo bisa punyo mahar dan kudian manikah.<ref name=":0" /> Umumnyo, salamo maso iko kagiatan sosial mayoritas padusi tabateh pado lingkuangan sosial pribadi, sarupo rumah jo kaluarga. <ref name=":0" /> <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/50645585|title=A social history of Germany 1648-1914|last=Eda.|first=Sagarra,|date=2003|publisher=Transaction Publishers|isbn=9780765809827|location=New Brunswick, N.J.|oclc=50645585}}</ref> == Abaik ka-19 sampai awal abaik ka-20 == [[Berkas:Louise_Otto-Peters.jpg|jmpl|256x256px|[[Louise Otto-Peters]] (1819-1895), salah satu palopor garakan padusi di Jerman pado abaik ka-19.]] Abaik ka-19 marupoan maso parubahan gadang dalam peran jo kagiatan padusi di [[Eropa]], tamasuak di Jerman. Parubahan iko disababkan dek banyak faktor, antaro lain: parubahan tatanan sosial, <ref name=":15">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58051032|title=A history of modern Germany, 1800-2000|last=Martin.|first=Kitchen,|date=2006|publisher=Blackwell Pub|isbn=9781405100403|location=Malden, MA|oclc=58051032}}</ref> pandidikan padusi nan mulai mandapek paratian, <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Dormeyer|first=Recca|date=1906|title=Education of Women in Germany|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/993240|journal=The Elementary School Teacher|volume=7|issue=2|pages=49–58|doi=10.2307/993240}} "One of the characteristic features of the nineteenth century was the constant progress in the educationof women; and it still continues. Women are better instructed, and at the same time play a more importantpart in instruction."</ref> jo muncuanyo garakan padusi Jerman. <ref name=":2">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55848473|title=Women's emancipation movements in the nineteenth century : a European perspective|last=Sylvia.|first=Paletschek,|last2=Bianka.|first2=Pietrow-Ennker,|date=2004|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804754941|location=Stanford, Calif.|oclc=55848473}} Hlm. 102-122.</ref> == Parubahan tatanan sosial jo liberalisasi pandidikan == Parubahan tatanan sosial takaik jo paningkekan tingkek kamakmuran, nan kamudian mambarikan gaya iduik jo nilai-nilai [[borjuis]] kapado relatif banyak kaluarga di Jerman perkotaan. <ref name=":152">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58051032|title=A history of modern Germany, 1800-2000|last=Martin.|first=Kitchen,|date=2006|publisher=Blackwell Pub|isbn=9781405100403|location=Malden, MA|oclc=58051032}}</ref> Parubahan iko bararti padusi-padusi kaluarga indak lai harus baurusan jo banyak karajo rumah tanggo dan dapek mangabdikan wakatunyo untuak pandidikan atau seni. Dalam bidang pandidikan, padusi Jerman masih manjadi salah satu nan paliang balakang dibandiangkan jo nagara-nagara [[Eropa Barat]] lainnyo pado maso iko. <ref name=":15" /> Namun, liberalisasi pandidikan di Jerman pado maso iko mulai mambarikan kabebasan kapado padusi untuak mandapekkan pandidikan, <ref name=":1" /> walaupun pado tingkek pandidikan tinggi masih sangaik tabateh atau bahkan dapek dikatokan indak ado. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=3747|title=Gender and the Modern Research University: The Admission of Women to German Higher Education, 1865-1914 {{!}} Patricia Mazón|last=Press|first=Stanford University|website=www.sup.org|language=en|access-date=2026-09-03|archive-date=2023-03-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328094651/https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=3747|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kabijakan liberalisasi pandidikan ko kamudian mambuek tingkek pandidikan mambaco di Jerman mancapai 88% pado taun 1871. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/53015327|title=Readers and society in nineteenth-century France : workers, women, peasants|last=Martyn.|first=Lyons,|date=2001|publisher=Palgrave|isbn=9780230287808|location=Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire|oclc=53015327}}. Hlm 1. "The German Reich was 88 per cent literate in 1871."</ref> == Garakan padusi Jerman pado abaik ka-19 == Sajarah awal garakan padusi di Jerman indak dapek dipisahkan dari kajadian [[Vormärz]] jo [[Revolusi Jerman 1848|Revolusi Jerman]] taun 1848. Garih wakatu pagerakan padusi pado abaik ka-18 inggo awal abaik ka-19 di Jerman dapek dibagi manjadi tigo fase, yaitu: <ref name=":2" /> # Awal garakan (1848-1860-an): Awal garakan padusi di Jerman dipimpin dek [[Louise Otto-Peters|Louise Otto-Peters.]] Otto-Peters nan juo dijuluki "ibu dari gerakan padusi Jerman", adolah padusi partamo nan mambaok masalah emansipasi padusi ka konstitusi baru nan tabantuak salapeh kajadian [[Vormärz]] . Walaupun sasudah itu, kagiatan nan bahubuangan jo garakan padusi mandapek banyak sensor jo takanan dari pamarentah. <ref name=":2" /> # 1865-1880-an: Parubahan kakuasoan, pangampunan tahanan politik, jo paringan sensor media mambuek garakan padusi aktif baliak. Gerakan padusi salamo periode iko masih maadoki takanan pamarentah, walau indak sakareh periode sabalunnyo. Kudian, garakan ko pacah manjadi duo kubu, yaitu kubu sosialis jo kubu liberal. <ref name=":2" /> # Periode 1890-1914 : Periode iko dapek juo disabuik periode puncak gerakan padusi di Jerman. Salamo maso iko, organisasi-organisasi nan bahubuangan jo garakan padusi bahasil mamasuakan agendanyo ka dalam partai, organisasi politik, dan bahkan konstitusi. Kudian pado taun 1904, Kongres Padusi Internasional nan sukses diadoan di [[Berlin]] manandoi bab baru dalam kasataraan gender di Jerman. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|last=WUNDERLICH|first=FRIEDA|date=1935|title=WOMEN'S WORK IN GERMANY|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40981451|journal=Social Research|volume=2|issue=3|pages=310–336|doi=10.2307/40981451}} Hlm. 324-326</ref> Garak-garak iko punyo banyak konsekuensi untuak peran jo posisi padusi Jerman dalam masyarakaik. <ref name=":2" /> Dalam bidang pandidikan, misalnyo, pado taun 1908 pamarintah [[Prusia]] mulai mangizinkan padusi untuak malanjuikan pandidikan universitas panuah wakatu. Kudian pado taun 1914, sakitar 4.000 padusi didaftarkan untuak baraja di perguruan tinggi di Jerman. <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":3" /> == Abaik ka-20 == === Banso Republik Weimar (1918-1933) === Pado awal abaik ka-20, padusi di [[Eropa]] jo [[Amerika Sarikaik|Amerika Serikat]], tamasuak di Jerman, manuntuik supayo pamarintah maagiahnyo hak politik. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facinghistory.org/holocaust-and-human-behavior/chapter-4/women-weimar-republic|title=Women in the Weimar Republic|website=Facing History and Ourselves|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> Pamarintah Jerman di bawah konstitusi [[Republik Weimar|Weimar]] kamudian maagiah padusi hak untuak mamiliah jo mamacik jabatan politik pado taun 1919. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> Tahun ko, pamiliah pado pamiliahan umum Jerman didominasi dek padusi. Hal iko disababkan dek banyaknyo laki-laki Jerman nan maningga atau trauma sasudah [[Parang Dunia I|Parang Dunia I.]] <ref name=":4" /> Pado pamiliahan 1919, padusi marabuik 41 kursi atau sakitar 9,6% dari total kursi di ''[[Bundestag]]'' (parlemen Jerman) dan persentase iko taruih maningkek pado taun-taun barikuiknyo. <ref name=":3" /> Indak hanyo dalam politik, posisi padusi di Jerman juo alah barubah di bidang karajo jo pandidikan. Karajo nan dulunyo didominasi dek laki-laki, sarupo kasir toko, dokter, pengacara, bahkan konduktor trem, mulai diisi dek padusi. Padusi juo mulai manguasoi bidang karajo nan takaik jo pandidikan, karajo sosial jo karajo sekretaris pado maso iko. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":4" /> === Banso Nazi bakuaso === Era [[Jerman Nazi|katiko Nazi]] bakuaso dapek dikatokan era panurunan untuak kasataraan gender jo gerakan padusi di Jerman. Dalam pandangan Nazi, peran alamiah padusi dalam masyarakaik adolah sabagai induak, dan karajonyo tabateh pado karajo rumah tangga. <ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/02/style/women-in-nazi-germany-paradoxes.html|title=WOMEN IN NAZI GERMANY: PARADOXES|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=1987-03-02|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite journal|last=Bock|first=Gisela|date=1983-04-01|title=Racism and Sexism in Nazi Germany: Motherhood, Compulsory Sterilization, and the State|url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/493983|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|volume=8|issue=3|pages=400–421|doi=10.1086/493983|issn=0097-9740}}</ref> [[Adolf Hitler]] dalam kutipan pidatonyo pado rapek partai Nazi di Nuremberg, tanggal 8 September 1934 manyatoan: <ref name=":8">{{Cite journal|last=Mason|first=Tim|date=1976|title=Women in Germany, 1925-1940: Family, Welfare and Work. Part I|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4288034|journal=History Workshop|issue=1|pages=74–113|doi=10.2307/4288034}}</ref>{{Cquote|''Jiko awak mangatokan bahasonyo dunia dari saurang laki laki adolah nagara, dunia dari sauraang laki-laki adolah komitmen jo parjuangannyo kapado kapantiangan bangso, mako dapek dikatokan dunia dari padusi adolah dunia nan labiah ketek. Bagi padusi, dunianyo hanyolah lakinyo, sanaknyo, anak-anaknyo, jo rumah tanggonyo. Tapi, ba'a jadinyo jo dunia nan gadang jiko indak ado nan nio mamandang dunia nan labiah ketek tu? ba'a dunia nan gadang dapek taruih batahan, jikok indak ado surang ala nan maurus kabutuhan dunia nan labiah ketek, sagalo asa dari kahidupan awak? Indak, dunia nan gadang itu bagantuang pado dunia nan ketek. Dunia nan gadang tu indak ka batahan jikok dunia nan ketek indah aman.''|4=Adolf Hittler, 8 September 1934.|5=}} Sabalun Nazi bakuaso, yaitu pado maso Republik Weimar, ado sakitar 100.000 guru padusi, 13.000 musisi padusi, jo 3.000 dokter padusi. <ref name=":7">{{Cite news|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nazi-germany/the-role-of-women-in-nazi-germany/|title=The Role of Women in Nazi Germany - History Learning Site|newspaper=History Learning Site|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> Sabaliaknyo, Nazi samakin manakankan propagandanyo kapado padusi untuak tatap dalam urusan dalam nagari salamo bakuaso. <ref name=":5" /><ref name=":6" /> Sabulan sasudah bakuaso, Nazi langsuang malakuan pambuangan masal dokter jo pagawai sipil padusi. Hal iko diikuti jo pambubaran guru jo pengacara padusi. <ref name=":7" /> Padusi, dari segi pakaian jo gaya iduik, juo kanai pangawasan pado maso kakuasoan Nazi. <ref name=":9">{{Cite journal|last=Makela|first=Maria|date=2000-12-01|title=The Rise and Fall of the Flapper Dress: Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in Early-Twentieth-Century Discourses on German Fashion|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2000.3403_183.x/abstract|journal=The Journal of Popular Culture|language=en|volume=XXXIV|issue=3|pages=183–208|doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.2000.3403_183.x|issn=1540-5931}} " It was precisely for this reason that the Nazi party and its officials so emphatically rejected the style beginning in the 1920s. Because it did not show the curves of the female body indeed....."</ref> Padusi pado zaman iko diwajibkan untuak indak marokok jo untuak mampunyoi badan nan langsing, padusi juo diharokkan untuak indak mamakai sarawa jo kosmetik. <ref name=":7" /> <ref name=":9" /> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.historyonthenet.com/nazi-germany-role-of-women/|title=Nazi Germany - Role of Women - History|date=2014-06-06|newspaper=History|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://germanculture.com.ua/germany-history/women-in-nazi-germany/|title=Women in Nazi Germany|website=germanculture.com.ua|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> Pado musim dingin 1939, pamarintah Nazi mulai mangalami krisis. <ref name=":8" /> Parang tu mangakibatkan kakurangan tanago karajo laki-laki, sahinggo Nazi mulai maambiak kaputusan nan batantangan jo propaganda mareka pado taun-taun sabalunnyo. <ref name=":8" /> <ref name=":14">{{Cite journal|last=Mason|first=Tim|date=1976|title=Women in Germany, 1925-1940: Family, Welfare and Work. Part II (Conclusion)|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4288063|journal=History Workshop|issue=2|pages=5–32|doi=10.2307/4288063}}</ref> Pado taun 1939, Nazi mulai mampakarajoan banyak padusi dalam industri barek jo sanjato. Akibaiknyo, sajak 1939, jumlah buruh padusi pado maso Nazi maningkek sacaro signifikan, bahkan jikok dibandiangkan jo nagara-nagara lain nan talibaik dalam [[Parang Dunia II]] sarupo Inggirih jo Amerika Serikat. Data nan ditabulasikan dalam tabel di bawah ko: <ref name=":14" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tracesofwar.com/articles/2934/Women-in-Nazi-ideology-and-the-Nazi-economy.htm?|title=TracesOfWar.com - Women in Nazi ideology and the Nazi economy|website=www.tracesofwar.nl|language=en|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> === Pabandiangan persentase buruh padusi jo total tanago karajo pado Parang Dunia II === {| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto;border-spacing: 0; border: none;" !Indak | colspan="2" scope="col" |'''Jerman''' | colspan="2" scope="col" |'''Inggris''' | colspan="2" |'''Amerika Sarikat''' |- |1 |Mei 1939 |37,3% |Juni 1939 |26,4% | - | - |- |2 |Mei 1940 |41,4% |Juni 1940 |29,8% |1940 |25,8% |- |3 |Mei 1941 |42,6% |Juni 1941 |33,2% |1941 |26,6% |- |4 |Mei 1942 |46,0% |Juni 1942 |36,1% |1942 |28,8% |- |5 |Mei 1943 |48,8% |Juni 1943 |37,7% |1943 |34,2% |- |6 |Mei 1944 |51,0% |Juni 1944 |37,9% |1944 |35,7% |} Manjalang akhia Parang Dunia II, Nazi juo mulai malibatkan padusi dalam angkatan basanjato. <ref name=":9" /> Pado taun 1944–1945, sakurang-kurangnyo 500.000 padusi Jerman diwajibkan manjadi pasukan basanjato Jerman ( ''[[Wehrmacht]]'' ) dan 400.000 lai manjadi sukarelawan sabagai parawat atau paramedis. <ref>Hagemann, Karen (2011). "Mobilizing Women for War: The History, Historiography, and Memory of German Women's War Service in the Two World Wars". ''Journal of Military History''. '''75''' (4): 1055–1094. "In 1944-45 more than 500.000 were auxiliaries in the German armed force (Wehrmacht)..."</ref> [[Berkas:Angela_Merkel_2008_cropped.png|kiri|jmpl|153x153px|[[Angela Merkel]] adolah tokoh ikonik untuak kasataraan gender di [[Jerman]] kini.]] === Sasudah Parang Dunia II === Sasudah Parang Dunia II, padusi Jerman mandapekkan baliak posisi nan samo jo laki-laki dalam masyarakaik. Tatulih dalam Undang-undang Dasar [[Jerman|Republik Federal Jerman]] ( ''Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland'' ) pado taun 1949, baso padusi punyo status nan samo jo laki-laki. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://germanculture.com.ua/german-facts/women-in-post-war-germany/|title=Women in Post-War Germany|website=germanculture.com.ua|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> <ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|last=Bendix|first=John|date=1994-06-01|title=Women and politics in Germany and Switzerland|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1994.tb00429.x/abstract|journal=European Journal of Political Research|language=en|volume=25|issue=4|pages=413–438|doi=10.1111/j.1475-6765.1994.tb00429.x|issn=1475-6765}} Hlm 413-438. "....activists, KPD and SPD representatives, theologians and social workers. Examinations of individual women, such as Kiderlen’s (1990) skeptical yet respectful portrait of Rita Sussmuth, or Schiitt’s (1992) supportive questions to Regina Hildebrandt, are more successful in conveying political styles, internal party dynamics and popular support: they deemphasize gender in favor of portraying the politician...."</ref> Padusi Jerman salamo maso iko mulai mandapekkan baliak tampeknyo jo talibaik aktif dalam politik. <ref name=":10" /> Pado taun 1970, sakurang-kurangnyo 10% dari kursi parlemen Jerman diisi dek padusi. <ref name=":11">{{Cite journal|last=Ferree|first=Myra Marx|date=2006-03-01|title=Angela Merkel: What Does it Mean to Run as a Woman?|url=https://www.berghahnjournals.com/view/journals/gps/24/1/gps240106.xml|journal=German Politics and Society|language=en-US|volume=24|issue=1|doi=10.3167/104503006780935315}} "As women have increasingly run for and been elected to public office, the fait accompli effect has taken hold. Women increased from less than 10 percent of the Bundestag in the 1970s to 32 percent in 2005..."</ref> == Abaik ka-21 == Sajak taun 2000, persentase padusi dalam pamarintahan Jerman alah maningkek. <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Meyer|first=Birgit|date=2003-09-01|title=Much Ado about Nothing? Political Representation Policies and the Influence of Women Parliamentarians in Germany|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1541-1338.00028/abstract|journal=Review of Policy Research|language=en|volume=20|issue=3|pages=401–422|doi=10.1111/1541-1338.00028|issn=1541-1338}}</ref> Pado taun 2002, satangah dari kabinet pamarintah Jerman diisi dek padusi. Pado taun 2002, satangah dari kabinet pamarintah Jerman diisi dek padusi.<ref name=":11" /> <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Mushaben|first=Joyce|date=2005-10-13|title=Girl Power, Mainstreaming and Critical Mass: Women's Leadership and Policy Paradigm Shift in Germany's Red-Green Coalition, 1998–20021|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J501v27n01_09|journal=Journal of Women, Politics & Policy|volume=27|issue=1-2|pages=135–161|doi=10.1300/J501v27n01_09|issn=1554-477X}}</ref> Pamiliahan federal taun 2005 juo manunjuak [[Angela Merkel]] sabagai [[Kanselir Jerman|kanselir]] padusi patamo Jerman . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/angela-merkel-9406424|title=Angela Merkel|website=Biography.com|language=en-us|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> Salain politik jo pamarintahan, di bidang lain sarupo sains jo teknologi, kasehatan jo kasajahteraan, padusi Jerman alah mambuek kamajuan nan cukuik gadang dibandiangkan jo era sabalunnyo. <ref name=":12" /> Pado taun 2015, indeks katidaksataraan gender Jerman barado di urutan ka-9 dari 188 nagara di dunia. Hal iko manjadian Jerman salah satu nagara nan paliang rancak di dunia dalam hal [[Kesetaraan gender|kasataraan gender]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII|title={{!}} Human Development Reports|website=hdr.undp.org|language=en|access-date=2026-09-03}}</ref> Jadi, ikolah nan manjadikan Jerman sabagai nagari acuan bagi padusi di nagari-nagari bakambang untuak baraja tantang konsep kesetaraan jo feminisme. == Rujuakan utamo sabagai bahan bacoan == === Buku === * M.,, Bennett, Judith; 1957-, Karras, Ruth Mazo, (2013). [[oclc:829743917|''The Oxford handbook of women and gender in medieval Europe'']] (First edition ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. [[:id:International_Standard_Book_Number|ISBN]]&#x20;[[:id:Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780199582174|9780199582174]]. [[:id:OCLC|OCLC]]&#x20;[[oclc:829743917|829743917]]. Hlm. 122-140. * {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/55848473|title=Women's emancipation movements in the nineteenth century : a European perspective|last=Sylvia.|first=Paletschek,|last2=Bianka.|first2=Pietrow-Ennker,|date=2004|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=9780804754941|location=Stanford, Calif.|oclc=55848473}} === Jurnal === * {{Cite journal|last=Makela|first=Maria|date=2000-12-01|title=The Rise and Fall of the Flapper Dress: Nationalism and Anti-Semitism in Early-Twentieth-Century Discourses on German Fashion|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.0022-3840.2000.3403_183.x/abstract|journal=The Journal of Popular Culture|language=en|volume=XXXIV|issue=3|pages=183–208|doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.2000.3403_183.x|issn=1540-5931}} * {{Cite journal|last=Mason|first=Tim|date=1976|title=Women in Germany, 1925-1940: Family, Welfare and Work. Part I|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4288034|journal=History Workshop|issue=1|pages=74–113|doi=10.2307/4288034}} * {{Cite journal|last=Mason|first=Tim|date=1976|title=Women in Germany, 1925-1940: Family, Welfare and Work. Part II (Conclusion)|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4288063|journal=History Workshop|issue=2|pages=5–32|doi=10.2307/4288063}} * {{Cite journal|last=WUNDERLICH|first=FRIEDA|date=1935|title=WOMEN'S WORK IN GERMANY|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/40981451|journal=Social Research|volume=2|issue=3|pages=310–336|doi=10.2307/40981451}} == Pranala lua == * {{Cite web|url=https://www.biography.com/people/angela-merkel-9406424|title=Angela Merkel|website=Biography.com|language=en-us|access-date=2026-09-03}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.go2war2.nl/artikel/2934/Women-in-Nazi-ideology-and-the-Nazi-economy.htm?page=2|title=Go2War2.nl - Women in Nazi ideology and the Nazi economy|website=www.go2war2.nl|language=nl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107005333/http://www.go2war2.nl/artikel/2934/Women-in-Nazi-ideology-and-the-Nazi-economy.htm?page=2|archive-date=2017-11-07|dead-url=yes|access-date=2026-09-03}} * {{Cite web|url=http://hdr.undp.org/en/composite/GII|title={{!}} Human Development Reports|website=hdr.undp.org|language=en|access-date=2026-09-03}} * {{Cite news|url=https://www.historyonthenet.com/nazi-germany-role-of-women/|title=Nazi Germany - Role of Women - History|date=2014-06-06|newspaper=History|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03}} * {{Cite news|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/nazi-germany/the-role-of-women-in-nazi-germany/|title=The Role of Women in Nazi Germany - History Learning Site|newspaper=History Learning Site|language=en-GB|access-date=2026-09-03}} * {{Cite web|url=http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_women.htm|title=Women In German Society|website=www.germanculture.com.ua|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03|archive-date=2020-11-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127012944/https://germanculture.com.ua/library/facts/bl_women.htm|dead-url=yes}} * {{Cite web|url=http://germanculture.com.ua/germany-history/women-in-nazi-germany/|title=Women in Nazi Germany|website=germanculture.com.ua|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03}} * {{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/02/style/women-in-nazi-germany-paradoxes.html|title=WOMEN IN NAZI GERMANY: PARADOXES|last=|first=|date=1987-03-02|work=|newspaper=The New York Times|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|access-date=2026-09-03|via=}} * {{Cite web|url=http://germanculture.com.ua/german-facts/women-in-post-war-germany/|title=Women in Post-War Germany|website=germanculture.com.ua|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-03}} * {{Cite web|url=https://www.facinghistory.org/holocaust-and-human-behavior/chapter-4/women-weimar-republic|title=Women in the Weimar Republic|website=Facing History and Ourselves|access-date=2026-09-03}} == Rujuakan == 4s0u4sjhu23yp566lnodhfpfc9738k4 0 478724 3352654 3352508 2026-09-16T20:42:13Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3352654 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox urang}} '''Syamsu Rahim''' ({{lahirmati|[[Paninjauan, X Koto Diateh, Solok]], [[Sumatera Barat]]|6|3|1956}}) adolah politikus jo mantan birokrat nan manjabaik [[Bupati Solok]] periode 2010–2015 jo [[Wali Kota Solok]] periode 2005–2010.<ref>[http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf "Profil Bupati dan Wakil Bupati"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102033505/http://www.kppod.org/datapdf/pejabat/profil-bupati-pemilukada-2010.pdf |date=2013-11-02 }} Situs Komite Pemantauan Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Diakses 20 Juli 2013.</ref> Syamsu Rahim manjabaik sabagai Ketua Dewan Perwakilan Wilayah (DPW) [[Partai NasDem]] Sumatera Barat sajak 2016 hinggo 2017. Pado pamilu 2019, Syamsu Rahim maju sabagai caleg DPR RI, tapi parolehan suaronyo dikalahan dek [[Lisda Hendrajoni|Lisda]], bini Bupati Pesisir Selatan [[Hendrajoni]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mediaindonesia.com/read/detail/235109-2-istri-kepala-daerah-di-sumbar-melaju-ke-senayan|title=2 Istri Kepala Daerah di Sumbar Melaju ke Senayan|last=developer|first=mediaindonesia com|date=2019-05-12|website=mediaindonesia.com|language=id|access-date=2019-05-18}}</ref> == Kahidupan awal jo pandidikan == Syamsu Rahim marupokan anak kaanam dari 13 basaudaro dari kaluarga sadarhano. Apaknyo bakarajo sabagai guru sakolah dasar (SD) sakaligus patani, sadang amaknyo pernah pulo manjadi guru SD, tapi maunduarkan diri dari karajonyo untuak mauruih rumah tanggo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hHcMAQAAMAAJ&q=syamsu+rahim+guru+sd&dq=syamsu+rahim+guru+sd&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijltiArM-WAxXC4jgGHZQNASYQ6AF6BAgIEAM#syamsu+rahim+guru+sd|title=Syamsu Rahim walikota Solok|first=Man|last=Campay|date=2 Sep 2008|publisher=Lembaga Kemitraan Pembangunan Sosial|accessdate=2 Sep 2026|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=evAbV27tGPkC&q=syamsu+rahim+guru&dq=syamsu+rahim+guru&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi316fxq8-WAxVRyzgGHXtNLIAQ6AF6BAgKEAM#syamsu+rahim+guru|title=Sejarah Kota Solok, 1956-2018|first=Zaiyardam|last=Zubir|date=2 Sep 2018|publisher=Minangkabau Press|accessdate=2 Sep 2026|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=evAbV27tGPkC&q=syamsu+rahim+saudara&dq=syamsu+rahim+saudara&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiy9LSArc-WAxX7yzgGHdkrGDkQ6AF6BAgMEAM#syamsu+rahim+saudara|title=Sejarah Kota Solok, 1956-2018|first=Zaiyardam|last=Zubir|date=2 Sep 2018|publisher=Minangkabau Press|accessdate=2 Sep 2026|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hHcMAQAAMAAJ&q=Syamsu+Rahim+dibesarkan+Ayah+dan+Ibunya+dalam+keluarga+sederhana+,+agamis+dengan+jumlah+yang+cukup+besar+,+yakni+terdiri+dari+13+orang+bersaudara+,+dan+ia+adalah+anak+ke+-+6+.+Ayahnya+hanya+sebagai+seorang+guru+SD+,+sedangkan+Ibunya+...&dq=Syamsu+Rahim+dibesarkan+Ayah+dan+Ibunya+dalam+keluarga+sederhana+,+agamis+dengan+jumlah+yang+cukup+besar+,+yakni+terdiri+dari+13+orang+bersaudara+,+dan+ia+adalah+anak+ke+-+6+.+Ayahnya+hanya+sebagai+seorang+guru+SD+,+sedangkan+Ibunya+...&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj0ztbIrs-WAxVySWwGHdA1DT0Q6AF6BAgIEAM#Syamsu%20Rahim%20dibesarkan%20Ayah%20dan%20Ibunya%20dalam%20keluarga%20sederhana%20,%20agamis%20dengan%20jumlah%20yang%20cukup%20besar%20,%20yakni%20terdiri%20dari%2013%20orang%20bersaudara%20,%20dan%20ia%20adalah%20anak%20ke%20-%206%20.%20Ayahnya%20hanya%20sebagai%20seorang%20guru%20SD%20,%20sedangkan%20Ibunya%20...</ref> Syamsu Rahim manampuah pandidikan di SD Negeri 02 Paninjauan (luluih 1968), SMP Negeri 1 Bukittinggi (luluih 1971), jo [[SMA Negeri 1 Padang]] (1973–1976). Inyo lalu malanjuikan pandidikan sarjana mudo/D3 di [[Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri|Akademi Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri (APDN) Bukittinggi]] (1976–1979, luluih 1981). Pado 1985, inyo mandapek tugas baraja di Fakultas Ilmu Sosial jo Ilmu Politik [[Universitas Gadjah Mada]] (FISIPOL UGM) sarato maraih gala sarjana langkok (Drs.) pado 1987.<ref name=kpu>{{Cite web |url=https://silonpemilu.kpu.go.id/publik/calon/73869/2 |title=archive copy |access-date=2026-09-05 |archive-date=2021-10-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211023090859/https://silonpemilu.kpu.go.id/publik/calon/73869/2 |dead-url=yes }}{{Pranala mati|date=Agustus 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref name=majalahsaran>https://majalahsaran.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/saran-07.pdf</ref><ref name=srwako>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=hHcMAQAAMAAJ&q=syamsu+rahim+gadjah+mada&dq=syamsu+rahim+gadjah+mada&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip-oCFo8-WAxWC3TgGHZ2sO_QQ6AF6BAgJEAM#syamsu+rahim+gadjah+mada|title=Syamsu Rahim walikota Solok|first=Man|last=Campay|date=2 Sep 2008|publisher=Lembaga Kemitraan Pembangunan Sosial|accessdate=2 Sep 2026|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.co.id/books?id=evAbV27tGPkC&q=syamsu+rahim+gadjah+mada&dq=syamsu+rahim+gadjah+mada&hl=id&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip-oCFo8-WAxWC3TgGHZ2sO_QQ6AF6BAgNEAM#syamsu+rahim+gadjah+mada|title=Sejarah Kota Solok, 1956-2018|first=Zaiyardam|last=Zubir|date=2 Sep 2018|publisher=Minangkabau Press|accessdate=2 Sep 2026|via=Google Books}}</ref> Wakatu mudo pado 1970-an, Syamsu Rahim pernah manggaleh lontong di sampiang gaduang SMP Negeri [[Salayo, Kubung, Solok|Salayo]] (kini SMP Negeri 1 Kubung), Kabupaten Solok. Kutiko itu inyo tingga basamo kakaknyo nan batugas manjadi mantri kasehatan di Puskesmas Salayo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/56041/bupati-saya-ini-pelayan-alumus-smpn-salayo|title=Bupati: Saya Ini Pelayan Alumus SMPN Salayo|first=ANTARA News|last=Agency|date=21 Agu 2013|website=Antara News Sumbar|accessdate=2 Sep 2026}}</ref> == Karier == {{multiple image|align=left|direction=horizontal|caption_align=center|image1=Syamsu Rahim Wali Kota.jpg|width1=125|footer=Foto rasmi Syamsu Rahim sabagai Wali Kota Solok jo Bupati Solok|image2=Bupati Solok Syamsu Rahim.png|width2=125}} Syamsu Rahim mamulai karier birokratnyo sabagai asisten dosen di almamaternyo, iyolah kampus APDN Bukittinggi. Di Sekretariat APDN Bukittinggi inyo tacataik manjadi Kapalo Bagian Panalitian jo Pangambangan antaro 1982 hinggo 1984, kamudian manjadi Kapalo Bagian Kauangan jo Anggaran antaro 1984 hinggo 1989. Inyo lalu diangkek sabagai Camat [[Barangin, Sawahlunto|Barangin]] di [[Kota Sawahlunto]] antaro 1991 hinggo 1993. Pado 1993, inyo dipromosikan masuak [[Pemerintah Kota Sawahlunto|Sekretariat Daerah Kota Sawahlunto]] manjadi Kapalo Bagian Pambangunan hinggo 1995 dan kamudian manjadi panjabaik Asisten Administrasi Pambangunan sajak 1995 hinggo maakhiri karier birokratnyo pado 1999.<ref name=kpu/><ref name=majalahsaran/> Pado [[Pemilu 1999]], inyo maju dalam politik sabagai calon legislatif dari [[Partai Golongan Karya]] jo tapiliah manjadi Ketua [[Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Kota Sawahlunto|DPRD Kota Sawahlunto]] periode 1999–2004.<ref name=kpu/><ref name=majalahsaran/> Pado 2000, Syamsu Rahim pernah maju sabagai calon Wali Kota Solok, dan pado 2003 Syamsu Rahim pernah maju sabagai calon Wali Kota Sawahlunto, kaduo-duo pamiliahan wali kota itu malalui sistem pamiliahan di DPRD satampek. Dalam panyatoan di partamuan APKASI jo APEKSI Tulak RUU Pilkada pado 11 September 2014 jo acara bincang ''[[Mata Najwa]]'' pado 17 September 2014, Syamsu Rahim maaku kalah dalam duo pamiliahan wali kota itu dek indak sanggup mambari mahar politik sabanyak Rp50 juta–Rp250 juta kapado satiok anggota DPRD, sahinggo inyo manulak sistem pilkada indak langsuang malalui DPRD.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2014/09/11/14542201/Kisah.Bupati.Solok.Dipalak.Anggota.Dewan.Saat.Pilkada.lewat.DPRD|title=Kisah Bupati Solok "Dipalak" Anggota Dewan Saat Pilkada lewat DPRD|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.medcom.id/nasional/politik/GNlXMDPN-kepala-daerah-punya-pengalaman-buruk-saat-pilkada-tidak-langsung|title=Kepala Daerah Punya Pengalaman Buruk saat Pilkada Tidak Langsung|first=medcom id|last=developer|date=11 Sep 2014|website=medcom.id|accessdate=2 Sep 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://video.medcom.id/mata-najwa/nbwYP0RK-pengalaman-bupati-solok-dimintai-uang-di-pilkada-dprd|title=Pengalaman Bupati Solok Dimintai Uang di Pilkada DPRD|first=medcom id|last=developer|date=18 Sep 2014|website=medcom.id|accessdate=2 Sep 2026}}</ref> Inyo maju baliak pado [[Pemilu 2004]] jo baliak tapiliah sabagai Ketua DPRD Sawahlunto (2004–2005).<ref name=kpu/><ref name=majalahsaran/> Pado Pilkada Kota Solok 2005, Syamsu Rahim maju sabagai calon Wali Kota Solok bapasangan jo [[Irzal Ilyas]] dan diusuang dek [[Partai Golongan Karya]], [[Partai Bulan Bintang]], sarato [[Partai Patriot (Indonesia)|Partai Patriot]]. Pasangan Syamsu–Irzal tapiliah jo mamparoleh 8.325 suaro atau 37,8 parsen dari total suaro sah. Manuruik survei Statistik Politik jo Kaamanan dek [[Badan Pusat Statistik]] pado 2005, pasangan Syamsu–Irzal tapiliah dek masyarakaik maanggab program nan ditawakan pasangan ko manarik. Dalam visi misi nan disampaian di Sidang Paripurna DPRD Kota Solok, pasangan Syamsu–Irzal bafokus pado pabaikan ekonomi karakyatan.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.neliti.com/publications/50493/|title=Statistik Politik dan Keamanan 2005|first=Statistics|last=Indonesia|date=15 Mei 2009|accessdate=5 Sep 2026|via=www.neliti.com}}</ref> Sangkek manjadi Wali Kota Solok, pamarintahan Syamsu Rahim malakukan pamasangan lampu jalan, pambangunan Taman Syech Kukut, jo pambangunan Gaduang DPRD Kota Solok.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patronnews.co.id/2023/01/sengkarut-dana-pen-kota-solok-ambisi.html|title=Sengkarut Dana PEN Kota Solok, Ambisi Gila Memaksakan Legacy, Berbungkus Inovasi|accessdate=2 Sep 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patronnews.co.id/2023/02/mantan-walikota-solok-minta-penegak.html|title=Mantan Walikota Solok Minta Penegak Hukum Usut Sengkarut "RSUD Kota Solok"|accessdate=2 Sep 2026}}</ref> Di akhia maso jabatannyo, pado 12 Mei 2010 Syamsu Rahim sabagai wali kota basamo DPRD Kota Solok manatapkan Paraturan Daerah Kota Solok Nomor 1 Tahun 2010 tantang Rancana Pambangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah Kota Solok Tahun 2005–2025 nan sangkek itu diundangkan dek sekretaris daerah [[Suryadi Nurdal]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/257518898/RPJPD-Kota-Solok-2005-2025|title=RPJPD Kota Solok 2005-2025|website=www.scribd.com|accessdate=2 Sep 2026}}</ref> Pamasalahan nan alun tasalasaikan dek Syamsu Rahim sabagai Wali Kota Solok adolah tanah konsolidasi salaweh 240 hektare nan talatak di tigo kelurahan (Nan Balimo, Laing, jo Kampung Jawa) di [[Tanjung Harapan, Solok|Kecamatan Tanjung Harapan]] dek banyaknyo pihak nan mangklaim sabagai pamilik tanah di area tasabuik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patronnews.co.id/2023/03/kilas-sejarah-konflik-tanah-pemko-solok.html|title=Kilas Sejarah Konflik Tanah Pemko Solok dengan Warga dan Instansi Lain|accessdate=2 Sep 2026}}</ref> Pado Pilkada 2010, inyo tapiliah sabagai [[Bupati Solok]] periode 2010–2015.<ref name=kpu/><ref name=majalahsaran/> == Kontroversi == Syamsu Rahim mamimpin Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPW) [[Partai NasDem]] Sumbar sajak 2 Februari 2016. Namun, inyo dipecat dari jabatannyo pado 12 September 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rmolsumbar.com/read/2017/09/13/556/Syamsu-Rahim-Diberhentikan-Dari-Jabatan-Ketua-DPW-Partai-|title=Syamsu Rahim Diberhentikan Dari Jabatan Ketua DPW Partai|last=RMOL|website=rmolsumbar.com|language=en|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518125239/http://www.rmolsumbar.com/read/2017/09/13/556/Syamsu-Rahim-Diberhentikan-Dari-Jabatan-Ketua-DPW-Partai-|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://spiritsumbar.com/syamsu-rahim-dipecat-haryono-isman-pimpin-nasdem-sumbar/|title=Syamsu Rahim Dipecat, Haryono Isman Pimpin NasDem Sumbar|last=+Saribulih|website=Spirit Sumbar|language=id-ID|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518125244/https://spiritsumbar.com/syamsu-rahim-dipecat-haryono-isman-pimpin-nasdem-sumbar/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Panguruih di 13 Dewan Pimpinan Daerah (DPD) atau tingkek kabupaten/kota sa-Sumbar mangajuan mosi indak picayo kapado dirinyo.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jawapos.com/jpg-today/13/03/2017/13-pengurus-dpd-layangkan-mosi-tak-percaya-ke-ketua-nasdem-ada-apa/|title=13 Pengurus DPD Layangkan Mosi tak Percaya ke Ketua Nasdem, Ada Apa?|last=JawaPos.com|date=2017-03-13|work=[[Jawa Pos|JawaPos.com]]|language=id|access-date=2019-05-18|editor-first=Ilham|editor-last=Safutra}}</ref> Sajumlah panguruih daerah maanggab Syamsu alah mamacah-balah partai jo batindak sawanang-wanang tahadok kader jo kapangurusan di daerah.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.jpnn.com/news/kena-mosi-tak-percaya-ketua-dpw-nasdem-sumbar-cuek|title=Kena Mosi Tak Percaya, Ketua DPW NasDem Sumbar Cuek|last=53788620694|date=2017-03-13|work=[[Jawa Pos|JPNN.com]]|language=id|access-date=2019-05-18|last2=Budi}}</ref> Manganai adonyo indikasi papacahan di DPW Nasdem Sumbar, Syamsu manudiang ado katakuikan dari sajumlah kader. Hal iko takaik jo kamungkinan dirinyo maju manjadi salah satu calon legislatif (caleg) DPR RI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.metroandalas.co.id/berita-13-dpd-ajukan-mosi-tidak-percaya-pada-syamsu-rahim.html|title=13 DPD Ajukan Mosi Tidak Percaya pada Syamsu Rahim|last=Andalas|first=Metro|website=Metro Andalas|language=Indonesia|access-date=2019-05-18|archive-date=2019-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518125237/https://www.metroandalas.co.id/berita-13-dpd-ajukan-mosi-tidak-percaya-pada-syamsu-rahim.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> == Kahidupan pribadi == Syamsu Rahim manikah jo Erlinda, saurang birokrat nan tarakhia manjabaik sabagai Kapalo Dinas Pananaman Modal jo Palayanan Tapadu Satu Pintu [[Kota Solok]]. Baru babarapo bulan sasudah manikah, Syamsu Rahim mandapek tugas baraja ka FISIPOL UGM.<ref name=srwako/> Jalang pensiun pado 2020, Erlinda dibebastugaskan dek [[Wali Kota Solok]] [[Zul Elfian]] nan ka maju baliak dalam [[pemilihan umum Wali Kota Solok 2020]] walaupun manuruik aturan Zul indak buliah malakukan pagantian panjabaik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patronnews.co.id/2020/06/dituding-tidak-loyal-walikota-solok.html|title=Dituding Tidak Loyal, Walikota Solok Nonjob-kan Kepala DPM PTSP|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://minangsatu.com/terkait-pencopotan-jabatan-erlinda-syamsu-rahim-wako-zul-elfian-jabatan-bukan-hak-melainkan-kepercayaan-dari-pimpinan_8456|title=Terkait Pencopotan Jabatan Erlinda Syamsu Rahim, Wako Zul Elfian: Jabatan Bukan Hak, Melainkan Kepercayaan Dari Pimpinan|website=minangsatu.com|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> Maraso kabaratan sarato adonyo palanggaran hukum dalam pancopotannyo, Erlinda mamanangkan gugatan di Pangadilan Tata Usaho Nagara Padang jo upayo bandiang dek Pamarintah Kota Solok di Pangadilan Tinggi Tata Usaho Nagara Medan, tapi indak dapek mandapekan baliak jabatannyo dek alah mamasuaki umua pensiun [[pegawai negeri sipil|pagawai nagari sipil]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patronnews.co.id/2020/06/mutasi-di-tahapan-pilkada-walikota.html|title=Mutasi di Tahapan Pilkada, Walikota Solok Di-PTUN-kan|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://langgam.id/wali-kota-digugat-mantan-kadis-ini-tanggapan-pemko-solok/|title=Wali Kota Digugat Mantan Kadis, Ini Tanggapan Pemko Solok|first=Irwanda|last=Saputra|date=29 Jun 2020|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tagar.id/tanggapan-pemko-solok-soal-mantan-kadis-gugat-wako|title=Tanggapan Pemko Solok Soal Mantan Kadis Gugat Wako|first=Tagar|last=News|date=23 Des 2017|website=TAGAR|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.harianhaluan.com/sumbar/pr-10238962/sidang-gugatan-terhadap-wali-kota-solok-berlanjut-zul-elfian-tak-ajukan-jawaban|title=Sidang Gugatan terhadap Wali Kota Solok Berlanjut, Zul Elfian Tak Ajukan Jawaban - Harian Haluan|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://padangkita.com/mantan-kadis-pm-ptsp-kota-solok-menangkan-gugatan-di-ptun-padang-terkait-pemecatannya-oleh-zul-elfian/|title=Mantan Kadis PM PTSP Kota Solok Menangkan Gugatan di PTUN Padang Terkait Pemecatannya oleh Zul Elfian|first=Fakhruddin|last=Arrazzi|date=8 Okt 2020|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patronnews.co.id/2020/10/erlinda-menangkan-gugatan-di-ptun.html|title=Erlinda Menangkan Gugatan di PTUN Terkait Pencopotan Sebagai Kepala DPM PTSP Kota Solok|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.patronnews.co.id/2021/03/pencopotan-erlinda-syamsu-rahim.html|title=Pencopotan Erlinda Syamsu Rahim, Walikota Solok Kalah Lagi di Sidang Banding PTTUN Medan|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> Erlinda juo mangajuan gugatan pancalonan Zul Elfian dalam Pilwako Solok 2020 tahadok Komisi Pamiliahan Umum Kota Solok jo Badan Pangawas Pamiliahan Umum Kota Solok kapado [[Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilihan Umum]] Republik Indonesia dek pancopotan dirinyo dari jabatannyo nan malanggar hukum nan balaku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tagar.id/eks-pejabat-solok-minta-kpu-batalkan-calon-petahana|title=Eks Pejabat Solok Minta KPU Batalkan Calon Petahana|first=Tagar|last=News|date=23 Des 2017|website=TAGAR|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://padangkita.com/mantan-kadis-pm-ptsp-kota-solok-minta-kpu-dan-bawaslu-batalkan-pencalonan-zul-elfian-ini-alasannya/|title=Mantan Kadis PM-PTSP Kota Solok Minta KPU dan Bawaslu Batalkan Pencalonan Zul Elfian, Ini Alasannya|first=Fakhruddin|last=Arrazzi|date=21 Okt 2020|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dkpp.go.id/selasa-6-april-2021-dkpp-akan-periksa-sembilan-penyelenggara-pemilu-kota-solok/|title=Selasa 6 April 2021, DKPP Akan Periksa Sembilan Penyelenggara Pemilu Kota Solok – DKPP RI – Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu Republik Indonesia|website=dkpp.go.id|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dkpp.go.id/dkpp-periksa-seluruh-anggota-kpu-dan-bawaslu-kota-solok/|title=DKPP Periksa Seluruh Anggota KPU dan Bawaslu Kota Solok – DKPP RI – Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu Republik Indonesia|website=dkpp.go.id|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> Syamsu Rahim jo Erlinda mamiliki tigo urang anak kanduang iyolah Efio Lasyera, Ilhamy Fadil Akwan, jo Suci Humairah, sarato saurang anak angkek banamo Muhammad Saif Al Hafid nan disahkan malalui putusan pangadilan pado 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://rusmeldatuaksati.wordpress.com/2014/04/17/kala-bintang-menjadi-muhammad-saif-al-hafid/|title=Kala Bintang Menjadi Muhammad Saif Al Hafid|date=17 Apr 2014|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> Cucu partamo Syamsu Rahim dari Efio Lasyera maningga dunia dalam umua 5 tahun pado tahun 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumbar.antaranews.com/berita/65068/cucu-pertama-bupati-solok-meninggal|title=Cucu Pertama Bupati Solok Meninggal - ANTARA Sumbar|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> == Pangharagoan == Sawakatu manjabaik Wali Kota jo Bupati Solok, Syamsu Rahim mandapekan babarapo pangharagoan, iyolah: * Adipura dari Pamarintah Republik Indonesia (2007). * Pangharagoan Widyakrama dari Pamarintah Republik Indonesia (2007). * Leadership Award 2007 dari Leadership Park Institute, [[Kota Jakarta|Jakarta]] (2007).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tokoh.id/biografi/2-direktori/pelopori-etika-pemerintahan/|title=Pelopori Etika Pemerintahan|first=Tokoh|last=Indonesia|date=29 Jan 2008|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> * Damandiri Award 2012 dari Yayasan Damandiri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unnes.ac.id/rektor-unnes-terima-damandiri-award/|title=Rektor Unnes Terima Damandiri Award|date=30 Jan 2012|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> * Pangharagoan sabagai salah satu kapalo daerah tabaiak dalam pangalolaan pandidikan di Sumatera Barat pado tahun 2015 dari Gubernur Sumatera Barat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sumbarsatu.com/berita/10166-muslim-kasim-serahkan-penghargaan-pendidikan-pada-indra-catri-syamsu-rahim-dan-shadiq-pasadigoe|title=Muslim Kasim Serahkan Penghargaan Pendidikan pada Indra Catri, Syamsu Rahim, dan Shadiq Pasadigoe|accessdate=31 Agu 2026}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Pagawai nagari sipil Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Alumni Universitas Gadjah Mada]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Minangkabau]] [[Kategori:Tokoh Sumatera Barat]] [[Kategori:Tokoh dari Solok]] [[Kategori:Politikus Indonesia]] [[Kategori:Politikus Partai Nasional Demokrat]] [[Kategori:Bupati Solok]] [[Kategori:Wali Kota Solok]] b8clsf6vwe4kev11lfgy3hy8wkygure 0 478760 3352643 3352609 2026-09-16T13:58:10Z Sandi rambe 19854 3352643 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox urang}} Suahasil Nazara (lahia 23 November 1970) adolah sauran ahli ekonom Indonesia nan kini manjabat sabagai mantari kuangan Indonesia, Inyo sabalunyo manjabat wakia mantari kauangan baiak di kabinet merah jo putih maupun kabinet Indonesia Onward<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aan.5hfnk4659|title=Tiga hal yang harus dilakukan Prabowo, calon presiden yang kini jadi menteri pertahanan|last=Chairil|first=Tangguh|date=2019-11-08|website=doi.org|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Sabalun itu, inyo manjabat Sabagai kapalo Badan Kabijakan Fiskal di Kementrian Kauangan Indonesia Mulai 2016. Pado tanggal 14 September 2026, baliau dilantik sabagai mantari Kauangan Republik Indonesia <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20260604151037-532-1365344/prabowo-copot-purbaya-angkat-suahasil-nazara-jadi-menkeu-baru|title=Prabowo Copot Purbaya, Angkat Suahasil Nazara Jadi Menkeu Baru|website=ekonomi|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> = Kahidupan = Suahasil adolah ahli ekonomi dari Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia.<ref name=":1" /> Ayahnyo banamo Hanati Nazara, sarato ibunyo banamo Upik.Ayahnyo baetnis Nias jo manjabat sabagai Bupati Nias sarato anggota DPR RI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/suahasil-nazara-putra-nias-yang-menjadi-wakil-menteri-keuangan|title=Suahasil Nazara, putra Nias yang menjadi Wakil Menteri Keuangan|last=Mediatama|first=Grahanusa|date=2019-10-25|website=kontan.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Baliau mandapek-an gala Sarjana Ekonomi dari Universitas Indonesia pado taun 1994, diikuti jo gala Sarjana Sains (MSc) dari Universitas Cornell di Amerika Serikat pado taun 1997. == Karier == Baliau mamulai karier akademiknyo sabagai dosen PNS di Fakultas Ekonomi jo Bisnis Universitas Indonesia (FEB UI) pado taun 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/breaking-news-prabowo-replaces-purbaya-with-suahasil-nazara-as-finance-minister|title=Breaking News: Prabowo Replaces Purbaya With Suahasil Nazara as Finance Minister|website=Jakarta Globe|language=en|access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref> <references /> [[Kategori:Mantari Indonesia]] 2ffym6425fibp3gx59t6p1dw9xbq3sr 3352644 3352643 2026-09-16T13:59:36Z Sandi rambe 19854 3352644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox urang}} Suahasil Nazara (lahia 23 November 1970) adolah sauran ahli ekonom Indonesia nan kini manjabat sabagai mantari kuangan Indonesia, Inyo sabalunyo manjabat wakia mantari kauangan baiak di kabinet merah jo putih maupun kabinet Indonesia Onward<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aan.5hfnk4659|title=Tiga hal yang harus dilakukan Prabowo, calon presiden yang kini jadi menteri pertahanan|last=Chairil|first=Tangguh|date=2019-11-08|website=doi.org|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Sabalun itu, inyo manjabat Sabagai kapalo Badan Kabijakan Fiskal di Kementrian Kauangan Indonesia Mulai 2016. Pado tanggal 14 September 2026, baliau dilantik sabagai mantari Kauangan Republik Indonesia <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20260604151037-532-1365344/prabowo-copot-purbaya-angkat-suahasil-nazara-jadi-menkeu-baru|title=Prabowo Copot Purbaya, Angkat Suahasil Nazara Jadi Menkeu Baru|website=ekonomi|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> = Kahidupan = Suahasil adolah ahli ekonomi dari Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia.<ref name=":1" /> Ayahnyo banamo Hanati Nazara, sarato ibunyo banamo Upik.Ayahnyo baetnis Nias jo manjabat sabagai Bupati Nias sarato anggota DPR RI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/suahasil-nazara-putra-nias-yang-menjadi-wakil-menteri-keuangan|title=Suahasil Nazara, putra Nias yang menjadi Wakil Menteri Keuangan|last=Mediatama|first=Grahanusa|date=2019-10-25|website=kontan.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Baliau mandapek-an gala Sarjana Ekonomi dari Universitas Indonesia pado taun 1994, diikuti jo gala Sarjana Sains (MSc) dari Universitas Cornell di Amerika Serikat pado taun 1997. == Karier == Baliau mamulai karier akademiknyo sabagai dosen PNS di Fakultas Ekonomi jo Bisnis Universitas Indonesia (FEB UI) pado taun 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/breaking-news-prabowo-replaces-purbaya-with-suahasil-nazara-as-finance-minister|title=Breaking News: Prabowo Replaces Purbaya With Suahasil Nazara as Finance Minister|website=Jakarta Globe|language=en|access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref>Inyo kamudian manjabat sabagai kapalo program studi pascasarjana ekonomi dari taun 2004 inggo 2005 jo kapalo Lembaga Demografi dari taun 2005 inggo 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ldfebui.org/en/previous-directors/|title=Previous Directors Lembaga Demografi FEB UI|website=ldfebui.org|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref> <references /> [[Kategori:Mantari Indonesia]] 98djs3retwk787q026qpnzsurj9h2is 3352645 3352644 2026-09-16T14:06:00Z Sandi rambe 19854 3352645 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox urang}} Suahasil Nazara (lahia 23 November 1970) adolah sauran ahli ekonom Indonesia nan kini manjabat sabagai mantari kuangan Indonesia, Inyo sabalunyo manjabat wakia mantari kauangan baiak di kabinet merah jo putih maupun kabinet Indonesia Onward<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aan.5hfnk4659|title=Tiga hal yang harus dilakukan Prabowo, calon presiden yang kini jadi menteri pertahanan|last=Chairil|first=Tangguh|date=2019-11-08|website=doi.org|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Sabalun itu, inyo manjabat Sabagai kapalo Badan Kabijakan Fiskal di Kementrian Kauangan Indonesia Mulai 2016. Pado tanggal 14 September 2026, baliau dilantik sabagai mantari Kauangan Republik Indonesia <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20260604151037-532-1365344/prabowo-copot-purbaya-angkat-suahasil-nazara-jadi-menkeu-baru|title=Prabowo Copot Purbaya, Angkat Suahasil Nazara Jadi Menkeu Baru|website=ekonomi|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> = Kahidupan = Suahasil adolah ahli ekonomi dari Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia.<ref name=":1" /> Ayahnyo banamo Hanati Nazara, sarato ibunyo banamo Upik.Ayahnyo baetnis Nias jo manjabat sabagai Bupati Nias sarato anggota DPR RI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/suahasil-nazara-putra-nias-yang-menjadi-wakil-menteri-keuangan|title=Suahasil Nazara, putra Nias yang menjadi Wakil Menteri Keuangan|last=Mediatama|first=Grahanusa|date=2019-10-25|website=kontan.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Baliau mandapek-an gala Sarjana Ekonomi dari Universitas Indonesia pado taun 1994, diikuti jo gala Sarjana Sains (MSc) dari Universitas Cornell di Amerika Serikat pado taun 1997. == Karier == Baliau mamulai karier akademiknyo sabagai dosen PNS di Fakultas Ekonomi jo Bisnis Universitas Indonesia (FEB UI) pado taun 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/breaking-news-prabowo-replaces-purbaya-with-suahasil-nazara-as-finance-minister|title=Breaking News: Prabowo Replaces Purbaya With Suahasil Nazara as Finance Minister|website=Jakarta Globe|language=en|access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref>Inyo kamudian manjabat sabagai kapalo program studi pascasarjana ekonomi dari taun 2004 inggo 2005 jo kapalo Lembaga Demografi dari taun 2005 hinggo 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ldfebui.org/en/previous-directors/|title=Previous Directors Lembaga Demografi FEB UI|website=ldfebui.org|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref>Suahasil diangkek manjadi profesor pado bulan Oktober 2009.Inyo juo manjabat sabagai kapalo jurusan ekonomi di UI dari taun 2009 hinggo 2013<ref>https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2026/09/14/15362881/profil-suahasil-nazara-menkeu-baru-pengganti-purbaya-yudhi-sadewa</ref> Inyo bagabuang jo kapamimpinan Kementerian Kauangan pado 2015, dan manjadi kapalo Badan Kabijakan Fiskal pado Oktober 2016. Pado taun 2019, baliau diangkek dek Presiden Joko Widodo sabagai Wakia Mantari Kauangan di Kabinet Salanjuiknyo Indonesia. Baliau mampatahankan jabatannyo sabagai Wakia Mantari di Kabinet Merah Putiah di bawah Presiden Prabowo Subianto.Sasudah dibuangnyo Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa, baliau diangkek sabagai Mantari Kauangan baru pado bulan September 2026.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Indonesia president appoints his third finance minister in under two years|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesias-president-replaces-finance-minister-with-deputy-official-says-2026-09-14/|newspaper=Reuters|date=2026-09-14|access-date=2026-09-16|language=en|first=Stefanno|last=Sulaiman|first2=Gayatri|last2=Suroyo}}</ref> <references /> [[Kategori:Mantari Indonesia]] 72rkpaafupc4e36umvy0hlxw8ccha74 3352646 3352645 2026-09-16T14:06:52Z Sandi rambe 19854 3352646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox urang}} Suahasil Nazara (lahia 23 November 1970) adolah sauran ahli ekonom Indonesia nan kini manjabat sabagai mantari kuangan Indonesia, Inyo sabalunyo manjabat wakia mantari kauangan baiak di kabinet merah jo putih maupun kabinet Indonesia Onward<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://doi.org/10.64628/aan.5hfnk4659|title=Tiga hal yang harus dilakukan Prabowo, calon presiden yang kini jadi menteri pertahanan|last=Chairil|first=Tangguh|date=2019-11-08|website=doi.org|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Sabalun itu, inyo manjabat Sabagai kapalo Badan Kabijakan Fiskal di Kementrian Kauangan Indonesia Mulai 2016. Pado tanggal 14 September 2026, baliau dilantik sabagai mantari Kauangan Republik Indonesia <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20260604151037-532-1365344/prabowo-copot-purbaya-angkat-suahasil-nazara-jadi-menkeu-baru|title=Prabowo Copot Purbaya, Angkat Suahasil Nazara Jadi Menkeu Baru|website=ekonomi|language=id-ID|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> = Kahidupan = Suahasil adolah ahli ekonomi dari Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Indonesia.<ref name=":1" /> Ayahnyo banamo Hanati Nazara, sarato ibunyo banamo Upik.Ayahnyo baetnis Nias jo manjabat sabagai Bupati Nias sarato anggota DPR RI.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/suahasil-nazara-putra-nias-yang-menjadi-wakil-menteri-keuangan|title=Suahasil Nazara, putra Nias yang menjadi Wakil Menteri Keuangan|last=Mediatama|first=Grahanusa|date=2019-10-25|website=kontan.co.id|language=id|access-date=2026-09-14}}</ref> Baliau mandapek-an gala Sarjana Ekonomi dari Universitas Indonesia pado taun 1994, diikuti jo gala Sarjana Sains (MSc) dari Universitas Cornell di Amerika Serikat pado taun 1997. = Karier = Baliau mamulai karier akademiknyo sabagai dosen PNS di Fakultas Ekonomi jo Bisnis Universitas Indonesia (FEB UI) pado taun 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jakartaglobe.id/news/breaking-news-prabowo-replaces-purbaya-with-suahasil-nazara-as-finance-minister|title=Breaking News: Prabowo Replaces Purbaya With Suahasil Nazara as Finance Minister|website=Jakarta Globe|language=en|access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref>Inyo kamudian manjabat sabagai kapalo program studi pascasarjana ekonomi dari taun 2004 inggo 2005 jo kapalo Lembaga Demografi dari taun 2005 hinggo 2008.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ldfebui.org/en/previous-directors/|title=Previous Directors Lembaga Demografi FEB UI|website=ldfebui.org|language=en-US|access-date=2026-09-16}}</ref>Suahasil diangkek manjadi profesor pado bulan Oktober 2009.Inyo juo manjabat sabagai kapalo jurusan ekonomi di UI dari taun 2009 hinggo 2013<ref>https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2026/09/14/15362881/profil-suahasil-nazara-menkeu-baru-pengganti-purbaya-yudhi-sadewa</ref> Inyo bagabuang jo kapamimpinan Kementerian Kauangan pado 2015, dan manjadi kapalo Badan Kabijakan Fiskal pado Oktober 2016. Pado taun 2019, baliau diangkek dek Presiden Joko Widodo sabagai Wakia Mantari Kauangan di Kabinet Salanjuiknyo Indonesia. Baliau mampatahankan jabatannyo sabagai Wakia Mantari di Kabinet Merah Putiah di bawah Presiden Prabowo Subianto.Sasudah dibuangnyo Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa, baliau diangkek sabagai Mantari Kauangan baru pado bulan September 2026.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Indonesia president appoints his third finance minister in under two years|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesias-president-replaces-finance-minister-with-deputy-official-says-2026-09-14/|newspaper=Reuters|date=2026-09-14|access-date=2026-09-16|language=en|first=Stefanno|last=Sulaiman|first2=Gayatri|last2=Suroyo}}</ref> <references /> [[Kategori:Mantari Indonesia]] lh4yc4ecfibliy5cj6vmpywdsnifpq8