Wikipedia minwiki https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laman_Utamo MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Media Istimewa Rundiang Pangguno Rundiang Pangguno Wikipedia Rundiang Wikipedia Berkas Rundiang Berkas MediaWiki Rundiang MediaWiki Templat Rundiang Templat Bantuan Rundiang Bantuan Kategori Rundiang Kategori Portal Diskusi Portal TimedText TimedText talk Modul Rundiang Modul Acara Pembicaraan Acara 0 512 3352904 2441617 2026-09-28T13:43:57Z Makenzis 9878 3352904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football club | clubname = Real Valladolid | image = [[Berkas:Real Valladolid Logo.svg.png|center|200px]]| fullname = Real Valladolid {{br}} Club de Fútbol | nickname = ''Pucela'' | founded = 1928 | ground = [[Estadio Nuevo José Zorrilla|José Zorrilla]], [[Valladolid]],<br> [[Spanyol]] | capacity = 26.512 | chairman = [[Carlos Suárez Sureda|Carlos Suárez]] | manager = | league = Segunda División | season = 2025/26 | position = ke-17, Segunda División | website = http://www.realvalladolid.es |pattern_la1=_toulouse1112h|pattern_b1=_toulouse1112h|pattern_ra1=_toulouse1112h|pattern_sh1=_toulouse1112a|leftarm=FFFFFF|body1=FFFFFF|rightarm1=FFFFFF|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=FFFFFF |pattern_la2=_valladolid1112a|pattern_b2=_valladolid1112a|pattern_ra2=_valladolid1112a|pattern_sh2=_valladolid1112a|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=000000 | current = La Liga 2012–13 }} '''Real Valladolid''' adolah sabuah klub [[sepak bola]] [[Spanyol]] di [[Valladolid]] nan kini bamain di [[La Liga]], divisi nan paliang tinggi di sipak bola Spanyol. Klub iko mamainan patandiangan kandangnyo di [[Stadion Jose Zorilla|Jose Zorilla]] nan bakapasitas 26.512 panonton. == Pautan lua == *[http://www.realvalladolid.es/ Laman rasmi] {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Klub sipak bola Spanyol]] mys5ugkf6mu5ih1pl139fqlo375lzfv 3352905 3352904 2026-09-28T13:45:55Z Makenzis 9878 3352905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Football club | clubname = Real Valladolid | image = [[Berkas:Real Valladolid Logo.svg.png|center|200px]]| fullname = Real Valladolid {{br}} Club de Fútbol | nickname = ''Pucela'' | founded = 1928 | ground = [[Estadio Nuevo José Zorrilla|José Zorrilla]], [[Valladolid]],<br> [[Spanyol]] | capacity = 26.512 | chairman = [[Carlos Suárez Sureda|Carlos Suárez]] | manager = | league = Segunda División | season = 2025/26 | position = ke-17, Segunda División | website = http://www.realvalladolid.es |pattern_la1=_toulouse1112h|pattern_b1=_toulouse1112h|pattern_ra1=_toulouse1112h|pattern_sh1=_toulouse1112a|leftarm=FFFFFF|body1=FFFFFF|rightarm1=FFFFFF|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=FFFFFF |pattern_la2=_valladolid1112a|pattern_b2=_valladolid1112a|pattern_ra2=_valladolid1112a|pattern_sh2=_valladolid1112a|leftarm2=FFFFFF|body2=FFFFFF|rightarm2=FFFFFF|shorts2=FFFFFF|socks2=000000 }} '''Real Valladolid''' adolah sabuah klub [[sepak bola]] [[Spanyol]] di [[Valladolid]] nan kini bamain di [[La Liga]], divisi nan paliang tinggi di sipak bola Spanyol. Klub iko mamainan patandiangan kandangnyo di [[Stadion Jose Zorilla|Jose Zorilla]] nan bakapasitas 26.512 panonton. == Pautan lua == *[http://www.realvalladolid.es/ Laman rasmi] {{Rancangan}} [[Kategori:Klub sipak bola Spanyol]] eh9k2v1ovc9msnw8nyokp7xeyi22vhk 0 327056 3352901 3352849 2026-09-28T12:08:17Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 3352901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Urang Cino Han<br />{{nobold|{{lang|zh-Hans|{{linktext|汉|族}}}}/{{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|漢|族}}}}<br />{{lang|zh-Hans|{{linktext|汉人}}}}/{{lang|zh-Hant|{{linktext|漢人}}}}}} | rawimage = | population = '''[[Circa|Labiah kurang]] 1,3 milyar'''<ref name="Han_Groups">{{cite book |first = James B. |last = Minahan |title = Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia |url = https://books.google.com/?id=oZCOAwAAQBAJ |year = 2014 |publisher = ABC-CLIO |isbn = 978-1-61069-018-8 |pages = 89–95}}</ref> | popplace = {{Flag|Cino daratan}} 1.268.375.111<ref name="ciastat">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html CIA Factbook] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070612213511/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html |date=2007-06-12 }} {{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library//publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html |title=archive copy |access-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011073205/https://www.cia.gov/library//publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html |archive-date=2016-10-11 |dead-url=unfit}}: "Han Chinese 91.6%" out of a reported population of 1,384,688,986 billion (July 2018 est.)</ref><br />{{Flagicon|Macau}} [[Makau]] 663.400<ref>[https://www.dsec.gov.mo/getAttachment/a76b0b8b-6317-4207-adf7-439b1ec1ac38/E_DEM_FR_2018_Q3.aspx 2018 Demographics]</ref><br />{{Flagicon|HKG}} [[Hong Kong]] 6.723.786<ref>[https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-pob.html Place of birth] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191112170213/https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-pob.html |date=2019-11-12 }} 2016 Hong Kong census</ref><br />{{nowrap|{{Flagicon|ROC}} [[Taiwan]] 23.575.365{{citation needed|date=December 2019}}}} | tablehdr = [[Cino parantauan]] (dek katurunan) | region1 = {{Flagcountry|Thailand}} | pop1 = 9.392.987 | ref1 = <ref>Barbara A. Peru (2009), ''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania'', Facts on File, p.&nbsp;794, {{ISBN|1-4381-1913-5}}.</ref> | region2 = {{Flagcountry|Malaysia}} | pop2 = 6.650.009 | ref2 = <ref name="statistics.gov.my">{{cite web |url = https://www.statistics.gov.my/index.php?r=column/cthemeByCat&cat=155&bul_id=OWlxdEVoYlJCS0hUZzJyRUcvZEYxZz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09 |title = Department of Statistics Malaysia Official Portal |url-status = dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160812014710/https://www.statistics.gov.my/index.php?r=column%2FcthemeByCat&cat=155&bul_id=OWlxdEVoYlJCS0hUZzJyRUcvZEYxZz09&menu_id=L0pheU43NWJwRWVSZklWdzQ4TlhUUT09 |archive-date = 2016-08-12 }}</ref> | region3 = {{Flagcountry|United States}} | pop3 = 3.795.007 | ref3 = <ref>{{cite web |title = Race Reporting for the Asian Population by Selected Categories: 2010 more information |url = http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP8&prodType=table |publisher =[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date = 19 January 2014 }}</ref> | region4 = {{Flagcountry|Indonesia}} | pop4 = 2.833.134 | ref4 = <ref name="census 2010">{{cite book |publisher = Badan Pusat Statistik |title = Kewarganegaraan, Suku Bangsa, Agama dan Bahasa Sehari-hari Penduduk Indonesia Hasil Sensus Penduduk, 2010 |year = 2011 |access-date = |isbn = 978-979-064-417-5 |url = http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170710134114/http://sp2010.bps.go.id/files/ebook/kewarganegaraan%20penduduk%20indonesia/index.html |archive-date = 2017-07-10 |url-status = dead }}</ref> | region5 = {{Flagcountry|Singapore}} | pop5 = 2.547.000 | ref5 = <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nptd.gov.sg/portals/0/news/population-in-brief-2014.pdf |title=Home |access-date=2015-10-21 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082553/http://www.nptd.gov.sg/portals/0/news/population-in-brief-2014.pdf |archive-date = 2016-03-04 }}</ref> | region6 = {{Flagcountry|Myanmar}} | pop6 = 1.638.000 | ref6 = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html |title = The World Factbook |access-date=17 February 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101006115241/https://cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bm.html |archive-date=6 October 2010 }}</ref> | region7 = {{Flagcountry|Canada}} | pop7 = 1.469.000 | ref7 = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiapacific.ca/statistics/population/population-2011-census/population-ethnic-origin-province |title=Population by Ethnic Origin by Province |author=Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada |work=Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada |access-date=17 February 2016 |archive-date=22 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322152756/http://www.asiapacific.ca/statistics/population/population-2011-census/population-ethnic-origin-province |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | region8 = {{Flagcountry|Philippines}} | pop8 = 1.350.000 | ref8 = <ref>{{cite press release|url = http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp |title = Senate declares Chinese New Year as special working holiday |date=January 21, 2013|publisher=Senate of the Philippines|accessdate=2016-07-29 |url-status=live |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160409034225/http://www.senate.gov.ph/press_release/2013/0121_prib1.asp |archivedate=2016-04-09 }}</ref>{{better source|reason=no reference to Han|date=August 2016}} | region9 = {{Flagcountry|Australia}} | pop9 = 1.214.000 | ref9 = <ref name=2016Aus>{{cite web|website=2016 Census QuickStats|title=Australia|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|url=http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/036|accessdate=31 October 2018|archive-date=30 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030150040/http://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/036|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | region10 = {{Flagcountry|Russia}} | pop10 = 998.000 | ref10 = <ref name="ocac">{{cite web |url = http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B |title= The Ranking of Ethnic Chinese Population|website=Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission, R.O.C. |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110104195124/http://www.ocac.gov.tw/english/public/public.asp?selno=1163&no=1163&level=B |archive-date=4 January 2011|url-status=dead|access-date=23 September 2016}}</ref> | region11 = {{Flagcountry|Vietnam}} | pop11 = 823.000 | ref11 = <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=476&idmid=4&ItemID=9815 |title=Population and Employment |publisher=General Statistics Office Of Vietnam|date=13 November 2010 |url-status=live|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101113153318/http://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=476&idmid=4&ItemID=9815 |archivedate=13 November 2010}}</ref> | region12 = {{Flagcountry|Japan}} | pop12 = 731.000 | ref12 = <ref>{{cite web |title = 平成29年度末在留外国人確定値 |url = http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001254624.pdf |publisher = Ministry of Justice |date = 2018-04-13 |language = ja |access-date = 2018-04-13 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180327132827/http://www.moj.go.jp/content/001254624.pdf |archive-date = 2018-03-27 |url-status = dead }}{{Better source|reason=outdated|date=April 2018}}</ref> | region13 = {{Flagcountry|France}} | pop13 = 700.000 | ref13 = <ref name="ocac" /> | region14 = {{Flagcountry|Venezuela}} | pop14 = 450.000 | ref14 = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://gabrielsanz91.wordpress.com/2017/01/24/chinos_venezuela/|title=Población china en Venezuela|date=January 2019|accessdate=7 January 2019}}</ref> | region15 = {{Flagcountry|United Kingdom}} | pop15 = 433.000 | ref15 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls|title=2011 Census: Ethnic group. local authorities in the United Kingdom|publisher=Office for National Statistics|date=11 October 2013|accessdate=13 April 2015|archive-date=23 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123182221/http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/2011-census/key-statistics-and-quick-statistics-for-local-authorities-in-the-united-kingdom---part-1/rft-ks201uk.xls|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | region16 = {{Flagcountry|Peru|state}} | pop16 = 375.954 | ref16 = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html |title=archive copy |access-date=2020-01-14 |archive-date=2016-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105025708/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/pe.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref> | region17 = {{Flagcountry|South Africa}} | pop17 = 350.000 | ref17 = <ref name="Park2009">{{cite book |url = http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/rei-v1.3b.pdf |work = Representation, Expression and Identity |year = 2009 |publisher = Interdisciplinary Perspectives |title = Recent Chinese Migrations to South Africa – New Intersections of Race, Class and Ethnicity |first = Yoon Jung |last = Park |isbn = 978-1-904710-81-3 |accessdate = September 20, 2010 |url-status = dead |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101228041728/http://www.inter-disciplinary.net/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/rei-v1.3b.pdf |archivedate = December 28, 2010 }}</ref> | region18 = {{Flagcountry|Italy}} | pop18 = 334.000 | ref18 = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.istat.it/it/files/2016/09/Cittadini-non-comunitari_2016.pdf?title=Cittadini+non+comunitari++-+29%2Fset%2F2016+-+Testo+integrale+e+nota+metodologica.pdf|title=Cittadini Non Comunitari: Presenza, Nuovi Ingressi e Acquisizioni di Cittadinanza: Anni 2015–2016|website=Istat.it|accessdate=12 December 2017}}</ref> | region19 = {{Flagcountry|Germany}} | pop19 = 212.000 | ref19 = <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html |title = BiB – Bundesinstitut für Bevölkerungsforschung – Pressemitteilungen – Zuwanderung aus außereuropäischen Ländern fast verdoppelt |language = de |website=Bib-demografiie.de |accessdate=12 December 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171209232407/http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html |archive-date=9 December 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | region20 = {{flag|Korea Salatan}} | pop20 = 210.000 | ref20 = <ref>Dari 710.000 warganagara Cino nan iduik di Korea taun 2016, 500.000 adolah [[Urang Korea di Cino|etnis Korea]].</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2016&no=638478 |title = Foreign national population in Korea up more than 40% in 5 yrs |website=Maeil Business News Korea |date=8 September 2016 |accessdate=10 Mai 2018 }}</ref> | region21 = {{Flagcountry|Cambodia}} | pop21 = 210.000 | ref21 = <ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/chinese-living-kingdom-more-doubles-17 |title=Chinese living in Kingdom more than doubles since '17 |website=|accessdate=15 September 2018|date=2018-09-14}}</ref> | region23 = {{Flagcountry|Laos}} | pop23 = 186.000 | ref23 = <ref name="ocac" /> | region24 = {{Flagcountry|Spain}} | pop24 = 172.000 | ref24 = <ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.ine.es/prensa/np980.pdf |title=Cifras de Población a 1 de enero de 2016 : Estadística de Migraciones 2015 : Adquisiciones de Nacionalidad Española de Residentes 2015 |language = es |website=Ine.es |accessdate=12 December 2017 }}</ref> | region25 = {{Flagcountry|New Zealand}} | pop25 = 171.000 | ref25 = <ref>{{cite web |url = http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/asian.aspx |title = 2013 New Zealand Census |accessdate = May 13, 2018 |archive-date = March 15, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190315052430/http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2013-census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/asian.aspx |dead-url = yes }}</ref> | region26 = {{flagcountry|Brazil}} | pop26 = 152.000 | ref26 = <ref name="ocac" /> | region27 = {{flagcountry|Netherlands}} | pop27 = 145.000 | ref27 = <ref name="ocac" /> | region28 = {{Flagcountry|Panama}} | pop28 = 135.000 | ref28 = <ref>[http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/panama/ch_pa01.htm#3 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204231050/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/panama/ch_pa01.htm#3 |date=December 4, 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/world/monitoring/media_reports/1166678.stm |work = BBC News |title = Little China in Belgrade |date = 2001-02-12 |accessdate = 2010-05-04}}</ref> | region29 = {{Flagcountry|Mexico}} | pop29 = 70.000 | ref29 = <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-chinese-mexicans-celebrate-repatriation-to-mexico-2012nov23-story.html|title=Chinese-Mexicans celebrate repatriation to Mexico |newspaper=The San Diego Union-Tribune|date=Nov 23, 2012|accessdate=Oct 8, 2017}}</ref> | region31 = {{Flagcountry|Costa Rica|state}} | pop31 = 19.000 | ref31 = <ref>{{cite web|title=X Censo Nacional de Población y VI de Vivienda 2011, Características Sociales y Demográficas|url=http://www.inec.go.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/inec_institucional/estadisticas/resultados/repoblaccenso2011-12.pdf.pdf|website=[[National Institute of Statistics and Census of Costa Rica]]|accessdate=22 September 2016|page=61|date=July 2012|quote=Cuadro 23. Costa Rica: Población total por autoidentificación étnica-racial, según provincia, zona y sexo. Chino(a) 9,170|archive-date=19 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619090918/http://www.inec.go.cr/sites/default/files/documentos/inec_institucional/estadisticas/resultados/repoblaccenso2011-12.pdf.pdf|dead-url=yes}}</ref> | region32 = {{Flagcountry|Ireland}} | pop32 = 11.000 | ref32 = <ref>[http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=1835] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121016092935/http://beyond2020.cso.ie/Census/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=1835 |date=October 16, 2012 }}</ref> | languages = [[Bahaso Cino|Cino]] | religions = Sabagian gadang [[indak baragamo]], [[Budhisme Cino|Mahayana]], [[kapicayoan tradisional Cino]] (tamasuak [[Taoisme]], [[pangoromaikan laluhua di Cino|panyambahan laluhua]], [[Konghucu]], jo lain-lain), sarato minoritas mamaluak [[Kristen]] jo agamo-agamo lain.<ref name="CSLS2010">2010 Chinese Spiritual Life Survey conducted by Dr. Yang Fenggang, Purdue University's Center on Religion and Chinese Society. Statistics published in: Katharina Wenzel-Teuber, David Strait. ''[http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/redaktion/RCTC_2012-3.29-54_Wenzel-Teuber_Statistical_Overview_2011.pdf People's Republic of China: Religions and Churches Statistical Overview 2011] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303184353/http://www.china-zentrum.de/fileadmin/redaktion/RCTC_2012-3.29-54_Wenzel-Teuber_Statistical_Overview_2011.pdf |date=2016-03-03 }}''. Religions & Christianity in Today's China, Vol. II, 2012, No. 3, pp. 29–54, {{ISSN|2192-9289}}.</ref> | related = [[Urang Sino-Tibetan]] | footnotes = Babarapo sumber marujuak urang Cino Han lansuang sabagai "Cino" atau mangalompokannyo jo urang-urang Sino-Tibetan. | native_name = | native_name_lang = }} '''Urang Cino Han''',<ref>{{Cite book |title=China: A Religious State |last=Hsu |first=Cho-yun |publisher = Columbia University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-231-15920-3 |page=126}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Learning to Be Tibetan: The Construction of Ethnic Identity at Minzu |last=Yang |first=Miaoyan |publisher= Lexington Books |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4985-4463-4 |page=7}}</ref><ref name="Chinese people">[http://www.huayuqiao.org/articles/shcheong/shcheong02.htm Who are the Chinese people?] {{in lang|zh}}. Huayuqiao.org. Retrieved on 2013-04-26.</ref> '''''Hanzu''''',<ref>{{Cite book |title = The Han: China's Diverse Majority|last=Joniak-Luthi |first=Agnieszka|publisher=University of Washington Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-295-80597-9 |page = 3 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Constructing Nationhood in Modern East Asia|last=Chow|first=Kai-wing|publisher=University of Michigan Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-472-06735-0 |page = 2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions|url=https://archive.org/details/lastemperorssoc00raws|last=Rawski|first=Evelyn|publisher=University of California Press|year=2001|isbn=978-0-520-92679-0 |page = [https://archive.org/details/lastemperorssoc00raws/page/2 2] }}</ref> atau '''urang Han''',<ref>{{Cite book |title=China at War: An Encyclopedia |last=Li |first=Xiaobing |publisher= Pentagon Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-8274-611-4 |page=155}}</ref><ref name="CHC12">{{cite book |last1=Fairbank |first1=John K. |date=1983 |title=The Cambridge History of China Volume 12: Republican China, 1912–1949, Part 1 |url = http://universitypublishingonline.org/cambridge/histories/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139054799 |location= |publisher=Cambridge University Press |page= |isbn= 978-1-139-05479-9 |access-date=May 20, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Wen2004Nature">{{cite journal |last1 = Wen |display-authors=etal | year = 2004 |title = Genetic evidence supports demic diffusion of Han culture |url = https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2004-09-16_431_7006/page/302 | journal = Nature | volume = 431 | issue = 7006 | pages = 302–05 | doi=10.1038/nature02878 | pmid=15372031 |bibcode = 2004Natur.431..302W}}</ref><ref name="Stix2008">Stix, Gary (2008). [https://www.mcdb.ucla.edu/Research/Goldberg/HC70A_W12/pdf/Traces%20of%20a%20Distant%20Past.pdf "Traces of a Distant Past"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613000147/https://www.mcdb.ucla.edu/Research/Goldberg/HC70A_W12/pdf/Traces%20of%20a%20Distant%20Past.pdf |date=2018-06-13 }} ''Scientific American'', July: 56–63.</ref> ({{IPAc-en|UK|h|æ|n }};<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/han |title=Han definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary |website=www.collinsdictionary.com|access-date=2018-06-12}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|US|h|aː|n }};<ref>[http://www.dictionary.com/browse/han "Han"]. ''[[Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{zh|t=漢人|p=Hànrén|l=Han people|c=|s=汉人}}<ref name="Kim2004">{{cite book |last1=Kim |first1=Hodong |date=2004 |title=Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia, 1864–1877 |url=https://books.google.com/?id=AtduqAtBzegC |location= |publisher=Stanford University Press |page=320 |isbn=978-0-8047-7364-5 |access-date=May 20, 2016}}</ref> or {{zh|labels=yes|c=|s=汉族|t=漢族|p=Hànzú|l=Han ethnicity|links=no}}),<ref>{{cite book|year=2015|author=Xiaobing Li |author2=Patrick Fuliang Shan|title=Ethnic China: Identity, Assimilation, and Resistance|publisher=[[Lexington Books]]|page=69|isbn=978-1-4985-0729-5}}</ref><ref name=Rawski>{{cite book|year=1998|last1=Rawski|first=Evelyn S.|title=The Last Emperors: A Social History of Qing Imperial Institutions|publisher=[[Stanford University Press]]|page=2|isbn=978-0-520-92679-0}}</ref> adolah suatu [[Kalompok etnik|kalompok etnis]] jo [[bangso]] [[Asia Timur|Asia Timua]] nan marupoan panduduak asali Cino.<ref>{{cite journal |author1= Siska, Veronika |author2= Jones, Eppie Ruth |author3= Jeon, Sungwon |author4 = Bhak, Youngjune | author5= Kim, Hak-Min | author6= Cho, Yun Sung | author7= Kim, Hyunho | author8= Lee, Kyusang |author9= Veselovskaya, Elizaveta |author10= Balueva, Tatiana|author11= Gallego-Llorente, Marcos |author12= Hofreiter, Michael |author13= Bradley, Daniel G. |author14= Eriksson, Anders |author15 = Pinhasi, Ron|author16= Bhak, Jong |author17 = Manica, Andrea |title = Genome-wide data from two early Neolithic East Asian individuals dating to 7700 years ago |journal = [[Science Advances]] |volume= 3 |issue= 2 |pages= e1601877 |url=https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/3/2/e1601877.full.pdf |publication-date=February 1, 2017|doi = 10.1126/sciadv.1601877 |pmid= 28164156 |pmc=5287702 |year=2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1= Ang, Khai C.|author2= Ngu Mee S. |author3= Reid P. Katherine |author4= Teh S. Meh |author5= Aida, Zamzuraida |author6= Koh X.R. Danny |author7=Berg, Arthur|author8=Oppenheimer, Stephen|author9=Salleh, Hood |author10=Clyde M. Mahani|author11=ZainMd M. Badrul |author12=Canfield A. Victor|author13=Cheng C. Keith |title=Skin Color Variation in Orang Asli Tribes of Peninsular Malaysia |journal=[[PLoS ONE]] |issue=8 |volume= 7 |page= 2 |year=2012 |doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0042752 |pmid= 22912732 |pmc= 3418284 |bibcode= 2012PLoSO...742752A }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1= Wang, Yuchen |author2= Lu Dongsheng |author3= Chung Yeun-Jun |author4 = Xu Shuhua |title = Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations |journal = Hereditas |volume= 155 |page = 19 |year=2018 |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2Fs41065-018-0057-5.pdf |doi = 10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5 |pmid= 29636655 |pmc= 5889524 }}</ref><ref>{{cite biorxiv |last = Chiang |first = Charleston |title=Map of Genetic Variation in Han Chinese |url = https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2017/07/13/162982.full.pdf |page=10 |year=2017|biorxiv=162982}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Wang |first=Yuchen |last2= Lu |first2=Dongsheng |last3=Chung |first3=Yeun-Jun |last4=Xu |first4=Shuhua |title=Genetic structure, divergence and admixture of Han Chinese, Japanese and Korean populations |journal=Hereditas |volume=155 |page=19 |publication-date=April 6, 2018 |doi=10.1186/s41065-018-0057-5 |pmid=29636655 |pmc=5889524 |year=2018 }}</ref> Kalompok etnis iko adalah nan tagadang di dunia, mancapai labiah kurang 18% dari populasi dunia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Zhang |first1 = Feng |last2=Su |first2=Bing |last3=Zhang |first3=Ya-ping |last4=Jin |first4=Li |title=Genetic Studies of Human Diversity in East Asia |pmc=2435565 |journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|volume=362 |issue=1482 |pages=987–996 |date=February 22, 2007|pmid=17317646 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2028 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Zhao|first1=Yong-Bin|last2=Zhang|first2=Ye|last3=Zhang|first3=Quan-Chao|last4=Li|first4=Hong-Jie|last5=Cui|first5=Ying-Qiu|last6=Xu|first6=Zhi|last7=Jin|first7=Li|last8=Zhou|first8=Hui|last9=Zhu|first9=Hong|title=Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to three-thousand Years Ago |journal=[[PLoS ONE]]|year=2015|volume=10|issue=5|pages=e0125676|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0125676|pmid=25938511|pmc=4418768 |bibcode=2015PLoSO..1025676Z }}</ref> Dipakiroan kini lai ado 1,3 milyar urang Cino Han, nan sabagian gadang tingga di [[Cino Daratan]] (kiro-kiro 91,6% dari populasinyo).<ref name="ciastat"/> Di [[Taiwan]], urang Cino Han mambantuak 95% dari populasinyo.<ref name="中華民國國情簡介2016">{{cite web |language=zh-TW |url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=7C222A52A60660EC&s=FFD5D521BBC119F8 |script-title=zh:中華民國國情簡介 |trans-title=ROC Vital Information |date=2016 |website=Executive Yuan |access-date=2016-08-23 |quote={{lang|zh-TW|臺灣住民以漢人為最大族群，約占總人口97%}} |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170218124716/http://www.ey.gov.tw/state/News_Content3.aspx?n=7C222A52A60660EC&s=FFD5D521BBC119F8 |archive-date=2017-02-18 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=Yearbook2014>{{cite book |year=2014 |title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2014 |author=Executive Yuan, R.O.C. |url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/Upload/UserFiles/YB%202014%20all%20100dpi.pdf |accessdate=2016-06-11 |isbn=978-986-04-2302-0 |page=36}}</ref> Urang bakaturunan Cino Han mancapai sakita 75% dari total populasi [[Singapura]].<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nptd.gov.sg/Portals/0/Homepage/Highlights/population-in-brief-2015.pdf |title=Home |accessdate=2016-02-14 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216110141/http://www.nptd.gov.sg/Portals/0/Homepage/Highlights/population-in-brief-2015.pdf |archivedate=2016-02-16 }}</ref> Urang Cino Han mangaku baso asa niniak muyangnyo iolah dari ''[[Huaxia]]'', suatu pasakutuan kalompok suku-suku patani nan iduik manatap di pasisia [[Sungai Kuniang]] (''Huang He'').<ref name="auto">{{Cite book |title=Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupsofno0000jame |last= Minahan |first= James B. |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2015 |isbn= 978-1-61069-017-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupsofno0000jame/page/89 89]–90}}</ref><ref name="auto1">{{Cite book |title=Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 2: Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region |last= Schliesinger |first= Joachim |publisher= Booksmango |year= 2016 |pages=13–14}}</ref> Istilah ''Huaxia'' bapakai untuak manggambaan pasakutuan suku-suku patani Hua jo Xia pado maso [[Neolitikum]] nan manatap di [[Zhongyuan|Dataran Tangah]], yaitu sakita bagian tangah jo ilia dari aliaran Sungai Kuniang di utara Cino.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Chinese Business: Landscapes and Strategies |last=Liu |first=Hong |publisher=Routledge |year=2017 |isbn= 978-1-138-91825-2 |page=34}}</ref><ref name="auto2">{{Cite book |title=Chinese History: A New Manual |last= Wilkinson |first=Endymion Porter |publisher=Harvard University Asia Center |year=2015 |isbn= 978-0-674-08846-7 |page=709}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=The Magic Lotus Lantern and Other Tales from the Han Chinese |url=https://archive.org/details/magiclotuslanter0000yuan |last= Yuan |first=Haiwang |publisher=Libraries Unlimited |isbn=978-1-59158-294-6|year=2006 |page=[https://archive.org/details/magiclotuslanter0000yuan/page/6 6]}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/> Kaduo suku itulah nan diakui sabagai niniak muyang dari urang Cino Han moderen nan kudian maasiakan kabudayaan Cino. Salain itu, istilah ''Huaxia'' (arati harafiah: "urang Xia nan beradab") bapakai sacaro kusuih untuak manyabuik kalompok-kalompok etnis nan dianggap beradab, untuak mambedoan jo kalompok-kalompok lain nan dianggap [[Pabedaan Hua-Yi|urang barbar]] nan bamukim di sakitanyo.<ref name="auto3">{{Cite book |title=Encyclopedia of China: History and Culture |last=Perkins |first=Dorothy |publisher=Checkmark Books |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-8160-2693-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00perk_0/page/202 202] |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofch00perk_0/page/202 }}</ref><ref name="auto2"/><ref>{{Cite book |title=Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 2: Early Dominant Peoples of the Mainland Region |last= Schliesinger |first= Joachim |publisher = Booksmango |year = 2016 |page = 14 }}</ref> [[Dinasti Han]] dianggap sabagai salah satu era gadang partamo dalam sajarah Cino, dek karano manjadian Cino sabagai kakuatan regional utamo di Asia Timur jo banyak mampangaruahi nagara-nagara tatanggonyo, bahkan sampai manyaingi [[Kakaisaran Romawi]] dalam ukuaran populasi jo laweh geografisnyo.<ref name="auto6">{{Cite book |title=Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia |url=https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupsofno0000jame |last= Minahan |first= James B. |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2015 |isbn= 978-1-61069-017-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/ethnicgroupsofno0000jame/page/92 92]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=East Asia: A New History |last=Walker |first=Hugh Dyson |publisher=AuthorHouse |year=2012 |page=119}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=East Asia Before the West: Five Centuries of Trade and Tribute |url=https://archive.org/details/eastasiabeforewe0000unse |last=Kang |first=David C. |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-231-15319-5 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/eastasiabeforewe0000unse/page/33 33]–34}}</ref> Gensi jo kaunggualan Dinasti Han mampangaruahi banyak kalompok ''Huaxia'' kuno untuak muloi manyabuik dirinyo surang sabagai "Urang Han".<ref name="auto3" /><ref name="auto7">{{Cite book |title=China: a History: From the Great Qing Empire through the People's Republic of China, 1644–2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/chinahistory0002tann |last= Tanner |first=Harold Miles |publisher=Hackett Pub Co. |year=2010 |isbn=978-1-60384-204-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/chinahistory0002tann/page/83 83]}}</ref><ref name="auto8">{{Cite book |title=America's Changing Neighborhoods: An Exploration of Diversity through Places |last= Ueda |first= Reed |publisher=Greenwood |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-4408-2864-5 |page=403}}</ref><ref name="auto9">{{Cite journal |last=Eno |first=R. |title=The Han Dynasty (206 B.C. – A.D. 220) |url=http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/09-Han.pdf |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=1 |access-date=2020-01-24 |archive-date=2019-07-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711015633/http://www.indiana.edu/~e232/09-Han.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=China at War: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia |last=Li |first=Xiaobing |publisher= Pentagon Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-81-8274-611-4 |publication-date=June 30, 2012 |page=155}}</ref> Urang-urang Cino Han sajak itu manjadian namo dinasti iko sabagai namo etnisnyo, sarato uruf nan inyo pakai dinamoan juo "[[Uruf Cino|uruf Han]]".<ref name="auto6" />{{sfnp|Schaefer|2008|p=279}}<ref name="auto9" /> == Rujuakan == {{reflist|2}} {{Daftar etnik di Malaysia}} [[Kategori:Cino]] [[Kategori:Asia Timur]] 6aka5k1bsr587xmqbbece5r1isco1cr 0 336657 3352902 3352852 2026-09-28T12:22:02Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 3352902 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urang rantau Minangkabau''' atau '''parantau Minangkabau''' (disabuik juo sabagai '''Diaspora Minang''') adolah panamoan untuak [[Urang Minangkabau|urang-urang Minangkabau]] nan hiduiknyo di parantauan atau di lua kampuang asanyo. Pado umumnyo kampuang asa urang rantau Minangkabau ko barado di sakitaran [[Dataran Tinggi Minangkabau|dataran tinggi Minangkabau]].<ref name="kompas.com1">[http://travel.kompas.com/read/2013/09/09/0746257/Jejak.Para.Perantau "Jejak Para Perantau"] ''[[Kompas.com]]'', 9 September 2013. Diakses 11 Februari 2021.</ref> Para parantau Minangkabau ko taseba di babagai [[wilayah]] di [[Indonesia]] sarato ado juo di lua nagari atau [[mancanegara]], sarupo di [[Malaysia]],<ref name="hidayatullah.com">[http://www.hidayatullah.com/berita/nasional/read/2014/11/23/33741/jalin-silaturahmi-perantau-minang-malaysia-pulang-basamo.html#.VLg4xtKUeEw "Jalin Silaturahmi, Perantau Minang Malaysia Pulang Basamo"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425095657/https://www.hidayatullah.com/berita/nasional/read/2014/11/23/33741/jalin-silaturahmi-perantau-minang-malaysia-pulang-basamo.html#.VLg4xtKUeEw |date=2019-04-25 }} ''Hidayatullah.com'', 23 November 2014. Diakses 11 Februari 2021.</ref> [[Singapura]],<ref name="liputan6.com">[http://m.liputan6.com/citizen6/read/2108453/singapura-tertarik-sistem-pendidikan-yayasan-di-tanah-datar "Singapura Tertarik Sistem Pendidikan Yayasan di Tanah Datar"] ''[[Liputan6.com]]'', 22-09-2014. Diakses 11-02-2021.</ref> [[Brunei]], [[Australia]],<ref name="tribunnews.com">[http://www.tribunnews.com/ramadan/2011/08/17/pebisnis-indonesia-sulap-gereja-di-melbourne-jadi-masjid "Pebisnis Indonesia Sulap Gereja di Melbourne Jadi Masjid"] ''[[Tribunnews.com]]'', 17 Agustus 2011. Diakses 11 Februari 2021.</ref> [[Eropah]],<ref name="hariansinggalang.co.id">[http://hariansinggalang.co.id/rancak-voice-akan-tampil-di-minangkabau-jazz/ "Rancak Voice akan Tampil di Minangkabau Jazz"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119065527/http://hariansinggalang.co.id/rancak-voice-akan-tampil-di-minangkabau-jazz/ |date=2015-01-19 }} ''[[Harian Singgalang|Singgalang]]'', 22 Oktober 2014. Diakses 11 Februari 2021.</ref> [[Amerika]], [[Timur Tengah]], dan lainnya.<ref name="antarasumbar.com">[http://www.antarasumbar.com/berita/provinsi/d/1/253656/perantau-minang-amerika-salurkan-bantuan-seragam-sekolah.html "Perantau Minang Amerika Salurkan Bantuan Seragam Sekolah"] ''[[Antara]]'', 30 Oktober 2012. Diakses 11 Februari 2021.</ref> [[Entitas]] parantau Minang marupoan [[masyarakat]] nan jumlahnyo dipakiroan samo kalaupun indak labiah banyak daripado urang Minang nan ado di tanah asalnya atau kampuang halaman, [[ranah Minang]]kabau.<ref name="niadilova">[http://niadilova.blogdetik.com/index.php/archives/917 "Perantau Minang"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130829002908/http://niadilova.blogdetik.com/index.php/archives/917 |date=2013-08-29 }} ''[[Surya Suryadi]] - [[Harian Haluan|Haluan]]'', Rabu, 28 Maret 2012. Diakses 11 Februari 2021.</ref> Urang rantau Minangkabau manjalani kahidupan di [[Rantau|tanah rantau]] disababkan dek babarapo faktor, sarupo eksistensi diri, [[Matrilineal Minangkabau|adat matrilineal]], [[parang]], dan faktor [[ekonomi]],<ref name="niadilova"/> sarato baragam [[motivasi]], yaitunyo mancari kakayoan, ilimu pangatahuan, jo kamasyhuran.<ref name="Adat Minangkabau dan Merantau">Kato, Tsuyoshi (2005). [https://books.google.co.id/books?id=jC0xxehrArQC&pg=PR4&lpg=PR4&dq=Adat+Minangkabau+%26+Merantau+-+Tsuyoshi+Kato&source=bl&ots=6bnS1yEoP1&sig=WsSft4AiB1nZ8bbo9NfkywS210c&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Luy-VOLMKYWY8QWym4HgCw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Adat%20Minangkabau%20%26%20Merantau%20-%20Tsuyoshi%20Kato&f=false "Adat Minangkabau dan Merantau dalam Perspektif Sejarah"] ''[[Balai Pustaka]]''. ISBN 979-690-360-1.</ref> == Sijarah == Para parantau Minang nan tadahulu alah maninggaan tanah pusakonyo samanjak barabaik-abaik nan lalu, dan katurunannyo alah manjadi [[warga]] [[masyarakaik]] nan babeda jo masyarakaik [[Minangkabau]] pado maso kini. Samintaro para 'parantau Minang baru' masih punyo hubungan dakek jo hubungan taikek atau [[emosional]] jo [[Budaya Minangkabau|budaya]] sarato jo tanah kalahirannyo.<ref name="niadilova"/> [[:wikiquote:id:Peribahasa Minang|Peribahasa Minang]] nan babunyi ''Karantau madang di hulu, babuah babungo balum. Ka rantau bujang dahulu, di rumah baguno balum'' atau ''Daripado malu pulang ka kampuang, labiah rancak rantau dipajauah'', mambuek banyak parantau Minang nan indak pernah pulang lai ka kampuang halamannyo, walaupun rindu dendam kapado ''[[Bundo Kanduang|ranah bundo]]'' jo sagalo isinyo bakacamuak saakan indak kasampaian untuk pulang ka kampuang halaman.<ref name="niadilova"/> === Maso lalu === Pado maso kiniko dipakiroan labiah dari satangah [[populasi]] urang Minangkabau hiduik jo bakambang di wilayah parantauan baiak itu di Indonesia maupun di lua nagari atau mancanegara. Pakiroan tasabuik indak tamasuak kapado katurunan parantau Minang nan alah pai marantau jo bakambang samanjak sakurang-kurangnyo 1000 tahun nan lalu di babagai wilayah di nusantara atau bahkan dunia pado maso modern kiniko. Banyak di antaro katurunan parantau Minang alah ba''transformasi'' manjadi urang "Minang Baru" atau bahkan suku-suku baru sarupo [[Aneuk Jamee]] di pantai barat [[Aceh]], [[Suku Pesisir]] di pantai barat [[Sumatra Utara]], masyarakat [[Negeri Sembilan]], di [[Semenanjung Malaya]], dan namo lainnyo nan tadapek di wilayah-wilayah lain nan alah lamo bana taputuih tali sijarah jo pasaudaraannyo jo [[Minangkabau]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://society.fisip.ubb.ac.id/index.php/society|title=Society|last=Cipta|first=Hendra|date=2019|website=|publisher=Society|page=254|language=en-US|access-date=2021-02-11|archive-date=2021-01-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117002729/https://society.fisip.ubb.ac.id/index.php/society|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[Legenda]] jo [[mitos]] sarato ingatan kolektif atau [[tradisi lisan]] nan ado di babagai kalompok masyarakaik tatantu di [[Nusantara]] mancaritoan tentang [[nenek moyang]] mereka nan barasa dari Minangkabau sajak barabaik-abaik nan lalu. Babarapo kalompok masyarakaik nan alah tacatat dalam sijarah, di antaronyo komunitas tatantu di [[Meulaboh]] jo [[Tapak Tuan]] ([[Aceh Barat|Aceh bagian barat]]), komunitas tatantu di [[Tanah Karo]] ([[Sumatra Utara]]), [[Siak Sri Indrapura]] jo Muara Takus ([[Riau]]), [[Pangkalan Jambu, Merangin|Pangkalan Jambu]] jo [[Tungkal Ulu, Tanjung Jabung Barat|Tungkal Ulu]] ([[Jambi]]), komunitas tatantu di [[Rejang]] ([[Bengkulu]]), [[Sekala Brak]] jo Paminggir ([[Lampung]]),<ref name="Adat Minangkabau dan Merantau"/> sarato Negeri Sembilan Malaysia nan populasinyo cukuik gadang sahinggo kamudian manjelma manjadi sabuah karajaan, komunitas di [[Sulu]] ([[Filipina|Filipina Selatan]]), komunitas di [[Sulawesi Selatan]], [[Kutai]], jo [[Palu]], sarato di [[Nusa Tenggara]], yaitu komunitas tatantu di [[Bima]] jo [[Manggarai]] ([[Pulau Flores|Flores]]).<ref name="Sengketa Tiada Putus">Hadler, Jeffrey (2010). [http://sseas.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/faculty/files/hadlersengketa.pdf "Sengketa Tiada Putus"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421045358/http://sseas.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/faculty/files/hadlersengketa.pdf |date=2019-04-21 }} ''Freedom Institute''. ISBN 978-979-19466-5-0.</ref> Komunitas [[Melayu-Bugis]] di Sulawesi Selatan nan tabantuak dari babarapo unsur etnis, salah cieknyo Minangkabau, alah manjadi bagian indak tapisahkan dari masyarakaik Sulawesi Selatan. Tadapek pulo berita tentang katurunan [[Pagaruyung]] Minangkabau nan "''terdampar''" di padalaman [[Kalimantan Tengah]] ([[Kerajaan Kotawaringin]]) di sabuah negeri nan banamo [[Kudangan, Delang, Lamandau|Kudangan]], nan dek masyarakaik satampek diakui sabagai leluhur nyo. Samantaro di padalaman pagunuangan [[Flores]] ditemuan kampuang adaik misterius nan banamo [[Wae Rebo]] nan konon nenek moyang nyo barasa dari Minangkabau sajak barabaik-abaik nan lalu.<ref name="Detik.com">[http://travel.detik.com/read/2013/11/19/081331/2416645/1519/wae-rebo-kampung-adat-misterius-di-tengah-pegunungan-flores "Wae Rebo, Kampung Adat Misterius di Tengah Pegunungan Flores"] ''[[Detik.com]]'', 19 November 2013. Diakses 13 Februari 2021.</ref> [[Thomas Stamford Raffles]], saurang [[Gubernur Jenderal]] [[Inggris]], katiko malakuan kagiatan [[ekspedisi]] ka [[Luhak|pedalaman Minangkabau]] manyimpulkan bahwasannyo Minangkabau adolah inti jo sumber kakuatan bangsa [[Melayu]] nan manyebar di kapulauan timur ([[nusantara]]). Parantau Minang nan ''[[fenomena]]l'' alah ''melahiakan'' suku-suku baru di nusantara, dan iko adolah sasuatu nan alami dalam dinamika kahidupan alam. Katurunan parantau Minang dari abaik-abaik lalu alah indak mangana lai kampuang halaman [[nenek moyang]] nyo nan rancak, nan barado jauah di padalaman [[Pulau Sumatra|Sumatra]] bagian tangah, di [[dataran tinggi]] nan ba[[Gunung|gunuang-gunuang]] gagah nan mampnyoi hawo sajuak di [[Lembah|lambah-lambah]] ba[[danau]] rancak nan pinggiarannyo jadi tapian mandi sajak dulu kala sampai maso kini. === Maso kini === Pada moso kini atau di era [[globalisasi]] kini di mano bateh negara samakin tabukak sarato jo sarana [[transportasi]] samakin baiak, wilayah parantauan para parantau Minang samakin malaweh pulo. Malaysia sabagai negara nan dakek dijadian sabagai tujuan dek 'parantau Minang baru'. Mereka manambah populasi [[etnis]] Minang di negara jiran tasabuik disampiang katurunan Minangkabau nan alah ado sajak barabaik nan lalu di [[Negeri Sembilan]], Pulau Pinang, [[Malaka]], jo di babagai wilayah lainnya pado maso [[Kesultanan Malaka]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://repository.unp.ac.id/1681/|title=Hubungan Minangkabau Dengan Negeri Sembilan|last=Zed|first=Mestika|date=2017-04-19|website=repository.unp.ac.id|language=en|access-date=2021-02-13}}</ref> Para 'parantau Minang baru' tasabuik banyak tadapek di kota-kota gadang Malaysia, sarupo di [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Johor Bahru]], [[Subang]], [[Shah Alam]], dan lainnya. Babagai wilayah nan alum jadi tujuan parantauan pado maso lalu, sarupo Australia, Amerika Serikat, Eropah, jo lainnyo, alah pulo dijadian tujuan dek para parantau Minang masa kini. Mereka mancari kahidupan di wilayah parantauan nan relatif baru itu sabagai profesional, wirausaha, jo lainnyo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hariansinggalang.co.id/minang-senior-citizien-club-berdiri-di-sydney-australia/|title=Minang Senior Citizen Club Berdiri di Sydney Australia|date=2015-12-31|website=Portal Berita Singgalang|language=id-ID|access-date=2021-02-13}}</ref> == Kahidupan parantau == Baragam nasib banyak dialami dek para parantau Minang. Disampiang banyak nan sukses di tanah rantau, indak sakeek pulo nan gagal manaklukkan ''[[:wikiquote:id:Lauik sati rantau batuah|lauik sati rantau batuah]]'' ("''lautan sakti rantau bertuah''"). Mereka nan gagal kamudian banyak nan malakuan ''Rantau Cino'', sabuah [[istilah]] dalam dunia parantauan Minang nan aratinyo [[marantau]] jauah dan indak kan baliak pulang lai. Dek parantau Minang nan bahasia tahampar dunia nan panuah kahormatan jo namo gadang nan akan dikanang. Mereka bisa tacatat sabagai tokoh-tokoh parantauan nan dapek dibanggakan, antah itu sabagai pajuang [[kemerdekaan]] [[bangsa Melayu]] [[Nusantara]], [[Saudagar Minangkabau|saudagar/pengusaha gadang]], [[intelektual]] takamuko, [[ulama]] penyebar agamo [[Islam]], [[politisi]] tanamo, bahkan juo sabagai pandiri suatu [[kerajaan]] atau [[negara]]. Samintaro nan gagal namonyo hilang baitu sajo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/sasdayajournal/article/download/54565/|title=Merawat Ingatan: Filosofi Merantau dalam Pantun Minangkabau|last=|first=|date=|website=jurnal.ugm.ac.id|publisher=|access-date=2021-02-13}}</ref> == Pituah minang == Sasuai jo [[:wikiquote:id:Peribahasa Minang|papatah Minang]], ''[[:wikiquote:id:Dima bumi dipijak, di sinan langik dijunjuang|Di maa bumi dipijak di sinan langit dijunjuang]]'', para parantau Minang indak hanyo paduli pado kalompoknyo sajo. Banyak di antaro mereka manjadi tokoh masyarakaik tampek baikhtiar jo bajuang basamo demi kamajuan jo kasajahteraan masyarakaik di tampek inyo barado. Babarapo tokoh parantau Minang, sarupo [[Mohammad Hatta]], [[Tan Malaka]], [[Agus Salim]], dan banyak lai nan lainnyo, hampia indak pernah tadanga mamikiaan Minangkabau karano tanago jo pikirannyo alah tasita untuak kapantiangan nan labiah gadang, yaitunyo nasib jo kamardekaan [[bangsa Indonesia]] dari cengkeraman [[kolonialisme|kolonialis]] [[Belanda]]. Samintaro di [[Semenanjung Malaya|tanah semenanjung]] tacataik namo-namo sarupo [[Shamsiah Fakeh]], [[Ahmad Boestamam]], [[Burhanuddin al-Hilmi]], [[Khatijah Sidek]], dan pejuang lainnyo, mahabiskan sabagian gadang dayonyo untuak pajuangan bangsa Melayu samananjuang bia tabebas dari kolonialis [[Inggris]].<ref>{{Citebook|title=Pejuang, Pemimpin, dan Perempuan|last=Shamsiah Fakeh|first=Azzah Abdul Rahman|publisher=PTS Litera Utama|year=2011|isbn=|location=|pages=}}</ref> == Kajayaan parantau minang == Jiko mancaliak ka maso daulunyo, babarapo namo parantau Minang alah tacataik kadalam sijarah sabagai pandiri karajaan, ulama nan manyebaan ajaran Islam, ataupun padagang nan mandirian koloni [[Saudagar Minangkabau|saudagar Minang]] di babagai tampek. [[Awang Alak Betatar]] atau labiah tasabuik juo jo namo Sultan Muhammad Shah tacataik dalam sijarah Brunei sabagai pandiri [[Kesultanan Brunei]] pado patangahan abaik ka-14. Samintaro [[Rajo Bagindo]] nan di Sulu labiah tanamo sabagai Rajo Baguinda tacataik pulo ka dalam ''Tarsilah Sulu'' sabagai pandiri [[Kesultanan Sulu]] pado akhia abaik ka-14.<ref name="viva.co.id">[http://nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/395685-kerajaan-sulu-didirikan-keturunan-minangkabau- "Pendiri-pendiri kerajaan Islam di Filipina dari Minangkabau"] ''[[VIVA.co.id]]'', 07 Maret 2013. Diakses 17 Februari 20121.</ref><ref name="republika.co.id">[http://www.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-mancanegara/14/02/03/n0f8v0-melongok-islam-di-filipina "Melongok Islam di Filipina"] ''[[Republika|Republika.co.id]]'', 03 Februari 2014. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref><ref name="kompas.com2">[http://internasional.kompas.com/read/2013/03/21/11542278/Sultan.Sulu.Suka.Satai.Kambing "Sultan Sulu Suka Satai Kambing"] ''Kompas.com'', 21 Maret 2013. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref> Sijarah pakambangan Islam di [[Pulau Sulawesi|Sulawesi]],<ref name="harianhaluan.com">[http://www.harianhaluan.com/index.php/berita/haluan-padang/15858-sejarah-minangkabau-ditemukan-di-sulawesi "Sejarah Minangkabau Ditemukan di Sulawesi"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150122092356/http://www.harianhaluan.com/index.php/berita/haluan-padang/15858-sejarah-minangkabau-ditemukan-di-sulawesi |date=2015-01-22 }} ''[[Harian Haluan|Haluan]]'', 18 Juni 2012. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref> [[Kalimantan Timur]], sarato di [[Nusa Tenggara]] indak bisa talapeh dari paran pantiang para ulama parantau Minang pado akhia abaik ka-16 atau awal abaik ka-17. Tacataik namo-namo sarupo [[Datuak Ri Bandang]], [[Datuak Ri Tiro]], [[Datuak Patimang]] nan barasa dari [[Koto Tangah, Payakumbuh Barat, Payakumbuh|Koto Tangah]], [[Kota Payakumbuh|Payakumbuh]], sarato [[Datuak Karama]], jo [[Datuak Mangaji]] alah manyebakan Islam kapado masyarakaik di babarapo wilayah tasabuik.<ref name="Sewang">[http://books.google.co.id/books?id=HOcUtQAtl00C&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=datuk+ribandang+dan+tunggang+parangan&source=bl&ots=S3lBFKkfZQ&sig=U0NsvsynXyX801j_XwRQEjjWDcs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Dy0AUfTdJsfUrQfZ84GoCA&ved=0CEsQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=datuk%20ribandang%20dan%20tunggang%20parangan&f=false "Islamisasi Kerajaan Gowa: abad XVI sampai abad XVII"] ''Ahmad M. Sewang, Yayasan Obor Indonesia''. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref> Sadangkan di [[Karajaan Kutai]] Islam disebakan dek Datuak Ri Bandang basamo-samo [[Tuan Tunggang Parangan]].<ref>[http://books.google.co.id/books?id=HiZvFZbm6sgC&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=Datuk+Ri+Tiro&source=bl&ots=OVQPY9HjCU&sig=bdTusXah_SxwD6VsIuQvGIZ-9K4&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jiUAUYWUBMi4rAfyrYHwCw&ved=0CE0Q6AEwBDgK#v=snippet&q=Tuan%20Tunggang%20Parang&f=false Sejarah nasional Indonesia, Volume 3] ''Marwati Djoened Poesponegoro, Nugroho Notosusanto, PT Balai Pustaka''. Diakses 17 Februari 2021</ref> Babarapo parantau Minang pado abaik-abaik tadahulu nan aktif sabagai saudagar, sarupo [[Datuak Jannaton]], [[Nakhoda Bayan]], [[Nakhoda Intan]], jo [[Nakhoda Kecil]] alah mandirikan koloni dagang Minangkabau pado patangahan abaik ka-18 di [[Pulau Pinang]], Samananjuang Malaya.<ref name="thestar.com.my">[http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx?file=%2f2008%2f12%2f31%2fnorth%2f2903662 "400 attend family reunion"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116082000/http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?file=%2f2008%2f12%2f31%2fnorth%2f2903662 |date=2014-01-16 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?file=%2f2008%2f12%2f31%2fnorth%2f2903662 |title=archive copy |access-date=2022-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116082000/http://www.thestar.com.my/story.aspx/?file=%2f2008%2f12%2f31%2fnorth%2f2903662 |archive-date=2014-01-16 |dead-url=unfit}} ''The Star'', 31 Desember 2008. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref><ref>[http://www.penang-traveltips.com/dato-jenatons-grave.htm "Dato' Jenaton's Grave, Penang"] ''Penang Travel Tips''. Diakses 19 Januari 2015.</ref><ref name="penangstory.net.my">[http://www.penangstory.net.my/bm-content-paperabdur.html "Orang-Orang Indonesia di Pulau Pinang (1)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501015720/http://www.penangstory.net.my/bm-content-paperabdur.html |date=2023-05-01 }} ''Asian Public Intellectual, Nippon Foundation''. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref><ref name="iias.nl">[http://www.iias.nl/iiasn/24/regions/24SEA3.html "The Indonesians in Penang, 1786-2000"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033743/http://www.iias.nl/iiasn/24/regions/24SEA3.html |date=2015-09-24 }} ''IIAS Newsletter Online''. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref><ref name="utusan.com.my">[http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2006&dt=1012&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Rencana&pg=re_06.htm "Sejarah dari sudut Timur"] ''[[Utusan Malaysia]]'', 12 Oktober 2006. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref><ref name="sinarharian.com.my">[http://www.sinarharian.com.my/edisi/utara/imej-kampung-tertua-terjejas-1.80819 "Imej kampung tertua terjejas"] ''Sinar Harian'', 1 September 2012. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref> Banyak di antaro katurunan mereka nan manjadi tokoh bapangaruah di Malaysia jo Singapura di kamudian hari, sarupo [[Yusof Ishak]], [[Razali Ismail]], [[Aziz Ishak]], [[Abdul Rahim Ishak]], [[Mohammad Bakri Omar]], dan lainnyo.<ref>{{Cite book|title=121 Wartawan Hebat dari Ranah Minang|last=Caniago|first=Hasril|publisher=Biro Humas Setda Sumatera Barat|year=2018|isbn=978-602-51382-0-1|location=Padang|pages=437-438}}</ref> == Persatuan parantau minangkabau == Untuak manghubuangkan para parantau Minang djo masyarakaik Minang di Sumatra Barat (ranah Minang), babarapo [[Daftar tokoh Minangkabau|tokoh Minang]] rantau, sarupo [[Azwar Anas]], [[Emil Salim]], [[Harun Zain]], [[Bustanil Arifin]], [[Hasyim Ning]], [[Hasan Basri Durin]], [[Fahmi Idris]], [[Saafroedin Bahar]], [[Sjafaroeddin Sabar]], sarato babarapo tokoh lainnyo, mandirikan lembaga ''Gerakan Seribu Minang'' nan dipendekkan manjadi [[Gebu Minang]] pado 20 Januari 1990.<ref name="Azwar Anas">[https://books.google.co.id/books?id=s3m3YARcG_wC&pg=PA498&lpg=PA498&dq=azwar+anas+gebu+minang&source=bl&ots=g5F9mS5PNV&sig=2hSEwqvZZE8uJmT0LZUTPDLGqxY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Bx-9VKbJJaXYmgXfk4DIDA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=azwar%20anas%20gebu%20minang&f=false "Azwar Anas: teladan dari ranah Minang"] ''[[Abrar Yusra]], PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama''. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref> Pado awalnyo lembaga iko mangumpuaan pitih saribu rupiah satiok bulan dari satiok warga parantau Minang untuak pambangunan babagai sarana di Sumatra Barat. Kabarhasilan lembaga iko sempat dijadian ''role model'' dek babagai kalompok masyarakaik lainnyo di Indonesia, sarupo masyarakaik [[Suku Karo|Karo]], masyarakaik Sulawesi Selatan, dan lainnya.<ref name="thejakartapost.com">[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2001/01/03/gebu-minang-hold-conference.html "Gebu Minang to hold conference"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119163916/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2001/01/03/gebu-minang-hold-conference.html |date=2015-01-19 }} ''[[The Jakarta Post]]'', 3 Januari 2001. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref> Salain Gebu Minang, babarapo organisasi masyarakaik parantau Minang nan labih ketek jo badasarkan asa-usua kabupaten atau [[nagari]] banyak pilo nan didirian. Nan paliang tanamo jo gadang jo luaeh jangkauannyo adolah [[Sulit Air Sepakat]] (SAS), sabuah organisasi parantau Minang nan barasa dari [[Sulik Aia, X Koto Diateh, Solok|Sulik Aia]] (Sulit Air), [[Kabupaten Solok|Solok]], nan alah badiri pado sakitar awa abaik ka-20. Persatuan iko mampunyoi sakitar 80 Dewan Perwakilan Cabang (DPC) di saluruah Indonesia sarato jo ado pulo 4 DPC nan barado di lua nagari, yaitunyo di [[Malaysia]], [[Sydney]] jo [[Melbourne]] (Australia) tamasuak jo [[Washington DC]], Amerika Serikat, organisasi atau persatuan iko marupoan nan paliang gadang di antaro babagai organisasi parantau Minang badasarkan wilayah kabupaten/nagari di [[Sumatera Barat|Sumatra Barat]].<ref name="tribunnews.com"/><ref name="cimbuak.net">[http://www.cimbuak.net/artikel/13-artikel-bebas/977-sekilas-tentang-sas-sulit-air-sepakat "Sekilas tentang SAS (Sulit Air Sepakat)"]{{Dead link|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ''Cimbuak.net'', 12 Desember 2013. Diakses 17 Februari 2021.</ref> Salain Sulit Air Sepakat, para tokoh parantau Minang asa kota [[Kota Pariaman|Pariaman]] jo kabupaten [[Kabupaten Padang Pariaman|Padang Pariaman]] mambantuak pulo organisasi [[Persatuan Keluarga Daerah Piaman]] (PKDP) pado [[29 April]] 1984 di Pariaman. Dewan Pimpinan Pusat PKDP barado di [[DKI Jakarta|Jakarta]] nan mampunyoi sajumlah cabang di babarapo kota di [[Indonesia]]. Kasado dari organisasi atau persatuan tasabuik didirian ateh dasa kapadulian tahadok kampuang halaman sarato acok pulo malakuan kagiatan sosial untuak masyarakaik lainnyo nan ado di wilayah rantau pulo.<ref name="pkdp.or.id">[http://www.pkdp.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=82&Itemid=542 "Susunan Pengurus DPP PKDP 2013-2018"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323022403/http://pkdp.or.id/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=82&Itemid=542 |date=2016-03-23 }} ''Situs Resmi PKDP''. Diakses 19 Februari 2021.</ref> == Caliak pulo == * [[Negeri Sembilan]] * [[Urang Minangkabau]] * [[Rumah makan Padang]] * [[Saudagar Minangkabau]] * [[Suku Aneuk Jamee]] * [[Suku Pasisia]] == Rujuakan == {{Reflist|2}} [[Kategori:Minangkabau]] 76dmuwsql7mmza150i0xf9bjk7szjgo 0 386684 3352903 3352859 2026-09-28T12:36:55Z InternetArchiveBot 12718 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 3352903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Yerusalem |native_name = {{lang|ar|{{nobold|أُورُشَلِيمَ}}}} • {{Lang|he-n|{{nobold|ירושלים}}}} |settlement_type = Kota |image_skyline = Jerusalem infobox image.JPG |imagesize = 250px |image_caption = '''Dari kida ateh''': Yerusalem dicaliak dari Biaro Mar Elia, [[suq]] di [[Kota Lamo Yerusalem|kota tuo]], [[Mamilla|pusek balanjo Mamilla]], Gaduang [[Knesset]], [[Kubah Shakhrah]], [[Manaro Daud]], jo [[Tembok Barat]] |image_flag = Flag of Jerusalem.svg{{!}}border |image_shield = Emblem of Jerusalem.svg |shield_size = 60px |shield_alt = |shield_link = |image_seal = Al-Quds flag.svg{{!}}border |image_blank_emblem = Al-Quds star.svg |blank_emblem_size = 60px |blank_emblem_alt = |blank_emblem_link = |nickname = ''Ir ha-Kodesh'' (Kota Suci), ''[[Baitulmaqdis]]'' (Rumah Kasucian) |image_map = Jerusalem WBIL.jpg |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Palestina |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Lokasi Yerusalem |pushpin_map_alt = Lokasi Yerusalem |coordinates_region = IL |latd=31|latm=47|lats=|latNS=N |longd=35|longm=13|longs=|longEW=E |coordinates_display = inline,title |subdivision_type1 = Diklaim dek |subdivision_name1 = <br>{{flagicon|Palestina}} [[Nagara Palestina|Palestina]]{{ref label|pal-pos|vii|}} |subdivision_type2 = Dikalola dek |subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon|Palestina}} Palestina |subdivision_type3 = [[Daftar distrik di Palestina|Distrik Palestina]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Distrik Yerusalem|Yerusalem]] |subdivision_type4 = [[Kagubernuran di Otoritas Nasional Palestina|Kegubernuran Palestina]] |subdivision_name4 = [[Kagubernuran Yerusalem|Yerusalem]] |government_type = [[Pamarintahan wali kota–dewan|Wali kota–Dewan]] |governing_body = [[Munisipalitas Yerusalem]] |leader_title1 = Wali Kota Israel <br/> ([[Yerusalem Barat|Barat]]) |leader_name1 = [[Moshe Lion]] <br/> ([[Likud]]) |leader_title2 = Wali Kota Palestina <br/> ([[Yerusalem Timur|Timur]]) |leader_name2 = [[Zaki al-Ghul]] (tituler) |unit_pref = dunam |area_total_dunam = 125156 |area_metro_km2 = 652 |elevation_m = 754 |population_total = 890,428<ref>http://www.moin.gov.il/Subjects/Bchirot/Documents/num-member.pdf</ref> |population_metro = 1,029,300 |population_as_of = 2013 |population_density_km2 = 6400 |population_demonym = ''Yerusalem''<br>''[[Qudsi]]/[[Maqdisi]]'' (dipakai dek urang Palestina) |timezone1 =   |utc_offset1 = +2 |timezone1_DST =   |utc_offset1_DST = +3 |area_code = Panggilan lua nagari: +972-2<br>Panggilan lokal: 02 |website = [http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/en/Pages/default.aspx jerusalem.muni.il]{{ref label|muni-site|iv|}} |footnotes = }} '''Yerusalem''' ({{IPAc-en|dʒ|ə|ˈ|r|uː|s|ə|l|əm}}; {{lang-he-n|יְרוּשָׁלַיִם}} ''{{transl|he|Yerusyaláyim}}'', {{IPA-he|jeruˈʃalajim|pron|He-Jerusalem.ogg}}; {{lang-ar|أُورُشَلِيمَ|Ūrsyalīm}}), tanamo jo '''Al-Quds''' ({{lang-ar|القُدس}}, {{IPA-ar|ˈaːɫ ˈquːdsˤ|pron|ArAlquds.ogg|}}){{ref label|names|i|}} marupokan salah satu kota paliang tuo di dunia, talatak di sabuah dataran tinggi di [[Pagunuangan Yudea]] antaro [[Lauik Tangah]] jo [[Lauik Mati]]. Kota iko dianggap [[kota suci|suci]] dalam tigo [[agamo Abrahamik]] utamo—[[agamo Yahudi|Yahudi]], [[Kristen]], dan [[Islam]]. Sapanjang sijarahnyo nan panjang, Yerusalem panah dihancuakan saindaknyo duo kali, dikapuang 23 kali, disarang 52 kali, dan dirabuik sarato dirabuik-baliak 44 kali.<ref name="Moment">{{cite web |url=http://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2008/2008-03/200803-Jerusalem.html |publisher=Moment Magazine |title=Do We Divide the Holiest Holy City? |accessdate=5 March 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080603214950/http://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2008/2008-03/200803-Jerusalem.html |archivedate=3 June 2008}} According to Eric H. Cline's tally in Jerusalem Besieged.</ref> [[Kota Daud|Bagian paliang tuo kota iko]] manjadi tampek pamukiman pado [[milenium ka-4 SM]].<ref name="aice">{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Peace/jerutime.html |title=Timeline for the History of Jerusalem|work=Jewish Virtual Library |accessdate=16 April 2007 |publisher=American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise}}</ref> Pado taun 1538 dibangun [[Tembok Yerusalem|tembok]] di sakitar Yerusalem dalam pamarintahan [[Süleyman I|Suleiman Al-Qanuni]]. Kini tembok tasabuik mangaliliangi [[Kota Lamo Yerusalem|Kota Lamo]], nan mano sacaro tradisi tabagi manjadi ampek bagian—sajak mulo abaik ka-19 tanamo sabagai [[Bagian Armenia|Kawasan Armenia]], [[Bagian Kristen|Kristen]], [[Bagian Yahudi (Yerusalem)|Yahudi]], dan [[Bagian Muslim|Muslim]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Jerusalem in the 19th Century, The Old City|url=https://archive.org/details/jerusalemin19thc00bena|last=Ben-Arieh|first=Yehoshua|publisher=Yad Izhak Ben Zvi & St. Martin's Press|year=1984|page=[https://archive.org/details/jerusalemin19thc00bena/page/14 14]|isbn=0-312-44187-8}}</ref> Kota Lamo manjadi sabuah [[Situs Warisan Dunia]] pado tahun 1981, dan tamasuak dalam [[Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO nan dalam bahayo|Daftar Situs Warisan Dunia nan dalam Bahayo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/148|title=Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Convention|accessdate=11 September 2010}}</ref> Yerusalem modern alah bakambang jauah malampaui bateh-bateh Kota Lamo. Manuruik [[Tanakh|tradisi Alkitab]], Rajo [[Daud]] marabuik kota ko dari suku [[Yebus]] dan kudian didirikan sabagai ibu kota [[Karajaan Israel (karajaan basatu)|Karajaan Israel Basatu]]; putranyo, Rajo [[Salomo]], mamarintahkan pambangunan [[Bait Allah (Yerusalem)|Bait Partamo]]. Kajadian-kajadian pokok iko, sajak pamuloan millenium ka-1 SM, mamiliki peranan sentral sacaro simbolis untuak urang-urang Yahudi.<ref name="1000BCE">Sajak abaik ka-10 SM:{{ref label|bible-david|v|a}} * "Israel pertama kali ditempa menjadi suatu bangsa yang bersatu dari Yerusalem sekitar 3.000 tahun yang lalu, ketika Raja [[Daud]] merebut mahkota itu dan mempersatukan [[Suku Israel|kedua belas suku]] dari kota ini... Selama seribu tahun Yerusalem merupakan pusat kedaulatan bangsa Yahudi, situs rumah tangga para raja, lokasi istana dan dewan legislatifnya. Di pengasingan, bangsa Yahudi menjadi diidentifikasikan dengan kota ini yang mana pernah menjadi situs ibu kota kunonya. Orang Yahudi, di mana pun mereka berada, berdoa untuk pemulihannya." Roger Friedland, Richard D. Hecht. ''To Rule Jerusalem'', University of California Press, 2000, p. 8. ISBN 0-520-22092-7 * "Posisi sentral Yerusalem bagi Yudaisme begitu kuat sehingga bahkan orang Yahudi sekuler mengungkapkan devosi dan keterikatan mereka pada kota ini, serta tidak dapat membayangkan suatu Negara Israel modern tanpanya... Bagi orang Yahudi, Yerusalem adalah suci hanya karena kota ini ada... Kendati karakter suci Yerusalem kembali pada tiga milenium...". Leslie J. Hoppe. ''The Holy City: Jerusalem in the theology of the Old Testament'', Liturgical Press, 2000, p. 6. ISBN 0-8146-5081-3 * "Sejak Raja Daud menjadikan Yerusalem sebagai ibu kota Israel 3.000 tahun yang lalu, kota ini telah memainkan peran sentral dalam keberadaan bangsa Yahudi." Mitchell Geoffrey Bard, ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Middle East Conflict'', Alpha Books, 2002, p. 330. ISBN 0-02-864410-7 * "Yerusalem menjadi pusat orang-orang Yahudi sekitar 3.000 tahun yang lalu" Moshe Maoz, Sari Nusseibeh, ''Jerusalem: Points of Friction – And Beyond'', Brill Academic Publishers, 2000, p. 1. ISBN 90-411-8843-6 * "Orang-orang Yahudi terikat erat pada kota Yerusalem. Tidak ada kota lain yang telah memainkan suatu peran dominan dalam sejarah, politik, budaya, agama, kehidupan berbangsa dan kesadaran dari suatu bangsa sebagaimana dimiliki Yerusalem dalam kehidupan Yahudi dan Yudaisme. Sejak Raja Daud mendirikan kota ini sebagai ibu kota negara Yahudi {{circa}} 1000 SM, kota ini telah berperan sebagai simbol dan ekspresi terdalam identitas orang Yahudi sebagai sebuah bangsa." [http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/jerusalem.asp Basic Facts you should know: Jerusalem] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104013732/http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/Jerusalem.asp |date=2013-01-04 }} {{Cite web |url=http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/Jerusalem.asp |title=archive copy |access-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104013732/http://www.adl.org/israel/advocacy/glossary/Jerusalem.asp |archive-date=2013-01-04 |dead-url=yes}}, [[Anti-Defamation League]], 2007. Retrieved 28 March 2007.</ref> Julukan kota suci (''עיר הקודש'', ditransliterasikan ''‘ir haqodesh'') mungkin disamekkan ka Yerusalem pado pasca-[[Pambuangan ka Babilonia|periode pambuangan]].<ref>Reinoud Oosting, {{Google books|id=at6SOl54gqAC|page=117|title=The Role of Zion/Jerusalem in Isaiah 40–55: A Corpus-Linguistic Approach}} BRILL 2012 p. 117-118. [[Kitab Yesaya|Yesaya]] 48:2;51:1; [[Kitab Nehemia|Nehemia]] 11:1,18; lih. [[Kitab Yoel|Yoel]] 4:17: [[Kitab Daniel|Daniel]] 5:24. Bagian Yesaya di mana mereka disebutkan termasuk dalam Deutero-Yesaya.</ref><ref>Shalom M. Paul, {{Google books|id=SkFTmo4ZnzMC|page=306|title=Isaiah 40–66}} Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2012 p.306. 'Kesucian' (''qodesh'') berasal dari bait di tengah-tengahnya, akar kata [[Q-D-Š|q-d-š]] mengacu pada suatu tempat kudus. Konsep ini dibuktikan dalam sastra Mesopotamia, dan julukan tersebut dapat berfungsi untuk membedakan Babilon/Babel, kota pembuangan, dari kota keberadaan Bait itu, tempat di mana mereka diperintahkan untuk kembali.</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Norman|last=Golb|url=http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/Jerusalem_OneCity.shtml|title=Karen Armstrong's Jerusalem—One City, Three Faiths|publisher=The Bible and Interpretation|year=1997|quote=Teks-teks kuno yang tersedia menunjukkan bahwa konsep tersebut dibuat oleh seorang tokoh atau lebih di kalangan pemimpin spiritual Yahudi, dan hal ini terjadi selambatnya abad ke-6 SM.|accessdate=10 July 2013|archive-date=2013-10-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131011220541/http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/Jerusalem_OneCity.shtml|dead-url=yes}}</ref> Kasucian Yerusalem dalam Kristen, tajago dalam [[Septuaginta]]<ref>Isaiah 52:1 πόλις ἡ ἁγία.</ref> nan diadopsi kaum Kristen sabagai otoritasnyo surang,<ref>Joseph T. Lienhard,''The Bible, the Church, and Authority: The Canon of the Christian Bible in History and Theology,'' Liturgical Press, 1995 pp.65–66:'Septuaginta merupakan suatu terjemahan Yahudi dan juga digunakan dalam sinagoge. Tetapi pada akhir abad ke-1 M banyak orang Yahudi berhenti menggunakan Septuaginta karena umat Kristen awal telah mengadopsinya sebagai terjemahan mereka sendiri, dan karya tersebut mulai dianggap sebagai suatu terjemahan Kristen.'</ref> dipajaleh dek catatan [[Perjanjian Baru|Pajanjian Baru]] tantang [[panyaliban Yesus]] di sinan. Dalam pandangan [[Islam Sunni]], Yerusalem adolah kota paliang suci katigo salapeh [[Mekkah|Makah]] jo [[Madinah]].<ref name="3rd-holiest">Kota tersuci ketiga dalam Islam: *{{Cite book|title=What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam|url=https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo|publisher=Oxford University Press|date=2 November 2002|last=Esposito|first=John L.|authorlink=John Esposito|isbn=0-19-515713-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/whateveryoneneed00espo/page/n178 157]|quote=Perjalanan Malam tersebut menjadikan Yerusalem kota tersuci ketiga dalam Islam}} *{{Cite book|title=Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics|url=https://archive.org/details/religionstatemus0000brow|last=Brown|first=Leon Carl|publisher=Columbia University Press|date=15 September 2000|isbn=0-231-12038-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/religionstatemus0000brow/page/11 11]|chapter=Setting the Stage: Islam and Muslims|quote=Kota paling suci ketiga dalam Islam—Yerusalem—juga sangat banyak berada di pusat... }} *{{Cite book|title=The Holy City: Jerusalem in the Theology of the Old Testament|url=https://archive.org/details/holycityjerusale0000hopp|last=Hoppe|first=Leslie J.|publisher=Michael Glazier Books|date=August 2000|isbn=0-8146-5081-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/holycityjerusale0000hopp/page/14 14]|quote=Yerusalem selalu mendapatkan suatu tempat yang istimewa dalam Islam. Yerusalem sering disebut sebagai kota paling suci ketiga dalam Islam... }}</ref><ref>''Middle East peace plans'' by Willard A. Beling: "Masjid Al-Aqsa di Kompleks al-Haram adalah tempat tersuci ketiga dalam Islam Sunni setelah Mekkah dan Madinah".</ref> Dalam tradisi [[Islam]], pado tahun 610 M Yerusalem manjadi [[kiblat]] partamo, yaitu arah nan dituju dalam [[salat]],<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Lewis|editor1-first=Bernard|editor2-last=Holt|editor2-first=P. M.|editor3-last=Lambton|editor3-first=Ann|title=Cambridge History of Islam|year=1986|publisher=Cambridge University Press}}</ref> dan [[Muhammad]] malakukan [[Isra Mikraj|Pajalanan Malam]] di sinan 10 taun kudian, naiak ka sarugo di tampek liau babicaro kapado [[Allah]], manuruik [[Al-Qur'an]].<ref>{{cite quran|17|1|end=3|style=nosup}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Buchanan|first=Allen|authorlink=Allen Buchanan|year=2004|title=States, Nations, and Borders: The Ethics of Making Boundaries|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-52575-6|url={{Google books|id=bntCSupRlO4C|page=192|plainurl=yes }}|accessdate=9 June 2008}}</ref> Alhasil, walaupun hanyo marupokan daerah salaweh 0,9 kilometer persegi,<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kollek|first=Teddy|authorlink=Teddy Kollek|chapter=Afterword|editor=John Phillips|title=A Will to Survive – Israel: the Faces of the Terror 1948-the Faces of Hope Today|url=https://archive.org/details/willtosurvive0000phil|publisher=Dial Press/James Wade|year=1977|quote=about {{convert|225|acre|km2}}}}</ref> Kota Lamo mamiliki banyak situs pantiang kaagamoan nan sangaik bapangaruah, di antaronyo yaitu Bukik Bait Suci atau [[Musajik Al-Aqsha]], tamasuak di dalamnyo [[Jami' Al-Aqsha]], Kubah Batu atau [[Kubah Shakhrah]], jo [[Tembok Barat]]; [[Gereja Makam Kudus|Gareja Makam Kudus]], jo Makam Taman. Kini status Yerusalem tatap manjadi salah satu isu utamo dalam [[Konflik Israel dan Palestina]]. Salamo [[Parang Arab-Israel 1948]], [[Yerusalem Barat]] tamasuak ciek daerah nan dirabuik dan kudian di[[aneksasi]] dek Israel; sadangkan [[Yerusalem Timur]], tamasuak Kota Lamo, dirabuik dan kudian dianeksasi dek [[Yordania]]. Israel marabuik Yerusalem Timur dari Yordania pado [[Parang Anam Hari]] taun 1967 dan salapeh itu maaneksasinyo ka dalam Yerusalem, basamo jo tambahan wilayah di sakitarnyo.{{ref label|area|viii|}} Salah satu Hukum Dasar Israel, yaitu [[Hukum Yerusalem]] taun 1980, manyabuik Yerusalem sabagai ibu kota nan tak tabagi dari nagara tasabuik. Sadoalah bidang pamarintahan Israel barado di Yerusalem, tamasuak [[Knesset]] (parlemen Israel), unian [[Perdana Menteri Israel|Perdana Menteri]] dan [[Presiden Israel|Presiden]], sarato [[Mahkamah Agung Israel|Mahkamah Agung]]. Walau masyarakaik internasional manulak aneksasi tasabuik jo manyabuiknyo ilegal dan mampalakukan Yerusalem Timur sabagai teritori Palestina nan [[pendudukan militer|diduduaki]] dek Israel,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-11709617|title=Israel plans 1,300 East Jerusalem Jewish settler homes|work=BBC News|date=9 November 2010|quote=Masyarakat internasional menganggap Yerusalem Timur sebagai teritori Palestina yang diduduki, tetapi Israel mengatakan bahwa daerah itu adalah bagian dari teritorinya.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Question of Palestine & the United Nations|publisher=United Nations Department of Public Information|chapter=The status of Jerusalem|chapter-url=http://www.un.org/Depts/dpi/palestine/ch12.pdf|quote=Yerusalem Timur telah dipandang, oleh Majelis Umum maupun Dewan Keamanan, sebagai bagian dari teritori Palestina yang diduduki.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538791.stm|title=Israeli authorities back 600 new East Jerusalem homes|publisher=BBC News|date=2010-02-26|accessdate=2013-09-18}}</ref><ref>[http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument Resolution 298 September 25, 1971:] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130819003928/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/441329a958089eaa852560c4004ee74d?OpenDocument |date=2013-08-19 }} "Mengingat kembali resolusi-resolusinya... mengenai berbagai langkah dan tindakan Israel yang dirancang untuk mengubah status bagian Yerusalem yang diduduki Israel,..."</ref> Israel mampunyoi suatu klaim nan labiah kuek untuak kadaulatannyo ateh Yerusalem Barat.<ref name="AkramDumper2010">{{cite book|authorlink=George Bisharat|first=George|last=Bisharat|editor1=Susan M. Akram|editor2=Michael Dumper|editor3=Michael Lynk|chapter=Maximizing Rights|title=International Law and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: A Rights-Based Approach to Middle East Peace|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LBOsAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA311|date=23 December 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-85098-1|pages=311|quote=Sebagaimana kita ketahui sebelumnya bahwa status Yerusalem secara hukum internasional dipermasalahkan dan ditetapkannya kota ini oleh Israel sebagai ibu kotanya belum diakui oleh masyarakat internasional. Bagaimanapun klaimnya akan hak kedaulatan atas kota ini lebih kuat sehubungan dengan Yerusalem Barat dibandingkan dalam kaitannya dengan Yerusalem Timur.}}</ref><ref name="HirschHousen-Couriel1995">{{cite book|author1=Moshe Hirsch|author2=Deborah Housen-Couriel|author3=Ruth Lapidot|title=Whither Jerusalem?: Proposals and Positions Concerning the Future of Jerusalem|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NUhGYFwhx-0C&pg=PA15|date=28 June 1995|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers|isbn=90-411-0077-6|pages=15|quote=Lalu apa status Israel di Yerusalem barat? Dua jawaban utama telah dikemukakan: (a) Israel memiliki kedaulatan di daerah ini; dan (b) kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat Palestina atau ditangguhkan.}}</ref> Masyarakaik internasional indak mangakui Yerusalem sebagai ibu kota Israel, dan indak ado kadutaan asiang nan didirikan di kota iko. Di Yerusalem ado juo babarapo lembaga Israel non-pamarintah nan bakapantiangan nasional, misalnyo [[Universitas Ibrani Yerusalem|Universitas Ibrani]] jo [[Museum Israel]] jo [[Shrine of the Book]] di lapangannyo. Pado taun 2011 Yerusalem mamiliki populasi 801.000 panduduak, di antaronyo tadiri dari 497.000 panganuik agamo Yahudi (62%), 281.000 (35%) panganuik Islam, 14.000 (sakitar 2%) panganuik Kristen, dan 9.000 (1%) indak dikalompokkan manuruik agamo.<ref name="Population2011">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/hodaot2012n/11_12_126e.pdf |title=Selected Data on the Occasion of Jerusalem Day |publisher=[[Israel Central Bureau of Statistics]] |date=16 May 2012 |accessdate=3 January 2014}}</ref> == Rujuakan == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Timur Tengah]] mi5ybxgulgupf6cnss1kk5z3bpkf3zx