ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯋꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ

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    <title>ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯋꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ</title>
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      <text bytes="14472" sha1="kbx67au2wxjk1ecw6rehjzy82l6bous" xml:space="preserve">{{Distinguish|ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯕꯤ ꯁꯛꯍꯦꯟꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ}}
'''&quot;ꯁꯅꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯝꯐꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯥꯋꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ&quot;''' ({{lang-en|Goldilocks and the Three Bears}}) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ '''&quot;ꯁꯥꯋꯣꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ&quot;''' ({{lang-en|The Story of the Three Bears}}) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯳ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯝꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ: The Three Bears - Project Gutenberg eText 17034.jpg|thumb]]
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯐꯤꯛ ꯕꯦꯆꯦꯂꯔ ꯕꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯎꯃꯪꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯆꯪꯂꯛꯄ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯈꯔ ꯆꯥꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯐꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯇꯨꯝꯃꯤ꯫ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯛꯏ, ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯆꯦꯂꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯣ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩ, ꯑꯣꯄꯦꯔꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯆꯨꯁꯤꯟꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ꯫ &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯗ ꯗ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯁ&quot; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯐꯦꯔꯤ ꯇꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ꯫ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯝꯃꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯃꯊꯪ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ &quot;ꯆꯨꯝꯅ&quot; ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ, ꯆꯧꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯐꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯪꯅ-ꯊꯪꯅꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯐꯔ ꯕꯨꯀꯔꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ &quot;ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ &quot;ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ, ꯃꯌꯥꯏꯗ, ꯆꯨꯝꯃꯤ&quot;꯫ ꯕꯨꯀꯔꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ: &quot;ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯂꯤꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ&quot;꯫
ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯗꯤꯕꯦꯂꯞꯃꯦꯟ꯭ꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯛꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯗꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯪꯗꯕ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄꯗ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯍ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁ ꯖꯣꯟ&quot;ꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯏ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯐꯦꯟ ꯍꯣꯀꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, &quot;ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯍꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ &quot;ꯆꯨꯝꯅ&quot; ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
== ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
ꯕꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯐꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯂꯩ꯫
ꯑꯌꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯅ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯛꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯈꯟꯕꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯏ꯫ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯪꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯈꯣꯡꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯪꯕ ꯈꯜꯂꯤ꯫
ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯦꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯎ ꯐꯪꯏ, ꯐꯥꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯕ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯪꯕ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯏ꯫
ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ, ꯐꯥꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯟꯕ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯐꯖꯕ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯐꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯊꯨꯒꯥꯏ꯫
ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ, ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯀꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯏ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯐꯥꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯟꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯗꯔ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯊꯣꯏꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯦ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯏꯜ꯭ꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯣꯛꯄꯤ꯫
ꯕꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯆꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯏ꯫
ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ-ꯇꯥꯛꯍꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯆꯥꯏꯜꯗ ꯕꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯅꯨꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯩ꯫
ꯃꯁꯥꯕꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯕꯗ ꯑꯀꯤꯕ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯗꯨꯅ, ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯛꯏ, ꯐꯃꯨꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯣꯡꯊꯔꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯥꯏꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫
ꯕꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯃꯝꯅꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ, ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯔ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯒꯣꯜꯗꯤꯂꯣꯛꯁꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯇꯝꯂꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

==ꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯨ==
* [[ꯏꯃꯥ ꯍꯜꯗꯥ]]

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Refbegin}}
* [[The Seven Basic Plots]]. {{Cite book |author=Booker, Christopher |year=2005 |title=The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories |publisher=Continuum International Publishing Group |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tujDvUEpY10C&amp;pg=PA229 |chapter=The Rule of Three |isbn=0-8264-5209-4 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/sevenbasicplotsw0000book }}
* {{Cite book |author=Briggs, Katherine Mary |year=2002 |orig-year=1977 |title=British Folk Tales and Legends |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-415-28602-6 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=B_K17hW40SkC&amp;pg=PA128 }}
* {{Cite web |title=Coronet: Goldilocks and the Three Bears |publisher=[[Internet Archive]] |access-date=21 February 2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/goldilocks_and_the_three_bears }}
* {{Cite book |author=Curry, Charles Madison |year=1921 |title=Children's Literature |publisher=[[Rand McNally]] &amp; Company |url = https://archive.org/details/childrenslitera00currgoog |page=[https://archive.org/details/childrenslitera00currgoog/page/n197 179] |isbn=9781344646789 |quote=three bears. }}
* {{Cite web |title=Disney: Goldilocks and the Three Bears |publisher=The Encyclopedia of Disney Animated Shorts |access-date=21 February 2009 |url=http://www.disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=6 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130222010852/http://www.disneyshorts.org/shorts.aspx?shortID=6 |archive-date=22 February 2013 |url-status=dead }}
* {{Cite book |author=Dorson, Richard Mercer |year=2001 |orig-year=1968 |title=The British Folklorists |publisher=[[Taylor &amp; Francis]] |isbn=0-415-20426-7 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=DiCjLRGRkS4C&amp;pg=PA94 }}
* {{Cite journal |author=Elms, Alan C. |date=July–September 1977 |title=&quot;The Three Bears&quot;: Four Interpretations |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-folklore_july-september-1977_90_357/page/n4 |journal=[[The Journal of American Folklore]] |volume=90 |issue=357 |pages=257–273 |doi=10.2307/539519 |jstor=539519}}
* {{Cite web|title=MGM: Goldilocks and the Three Bears|access-date=12 November 2010|url=http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/3138-Goldilocks_And_The_Three_Bears.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130117210452/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/3138-Goldilocks_And_The_Three_Bears.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=17 January 2013|accessdate=8 February 2024|archivedate=17 January 2013|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20130117210452/http://www.bcdb.com/cartoon/3138-Goldilocks_And_The_Three_Bears.html}}
* {{Cite book |author=Ober, Warren U. |year=1981 |title=The Story of the Three Bears |url=https://archive.org/details/storyofthreebear0000unse_l0t2 |publisher=Scholars Facsimiles &amp; Reprints |isbn=0-8201-1362-X}}
* {{Cite book |author=Opie, Iona |author-link=Iona Opie |author2=Opie, Peter |author-link2=Peter Opie |year=1992 |orig-year=1974 |title=The Classic Fairy Tales |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=0-19-211559-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/classicfairytale00opie_0 }}
* {{Cite web |title=Roald Dahl's Goldilocks (1997) |access-date=3 January 2009 |url = http://www.boosey.com/pages/opera/moreDetails.asp?musicID=5058 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Schultz, William Todd |year=2005 |title=Handbook of Psychobiography |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=0-19-516827-5 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qd0VgVIPuCcC&amp;pg=PA93 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Seal, Graham |year=2001 |title=Encyclopedia of Folk Heroes |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |isbn=1-57607-216-9 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qfTcKDzzqvIC&amp;pg=PA92 }}
* {{Cite book |author=Tatar, Maria |author-link=Maria Tatar |year=2002 |title=The Annotated Classic Fairy Tales |publisher=[[W.W. Norton &amp; Company]] |isbn=0-393-05163-3 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ehzvhjL5_W8C&amp;q=goldilocks }}
{{Refend}}


{{Commons category|The Three Bears}}
* [https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/detail.jsp?Entt=RDMDC-37131062568829D&amp;R=DC-37131062568829D &quot;The Story of the Three Bears&quot;, manuscript by Eleanor Mure, 1831] - first recorded version
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180511215709/http://courses.wcupa.edu/johnson/locked/southey-three.htm &quot;The Story of the Three Bears&quot; by Robert Southey, 1837] – first published version
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=yZUNAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PR1 &quot;The Story of the Three Bears&quot;, versified by George Nicol, 2nd edition, 1839] ([https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Story_of_the_Three_Bears_(1839) text])
* [http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/68/fairy-tales-and-other-traditional-stories/5105/the-three-bears/ &quot;The Three Bears&quot; by Robert Southey] – later version with &quot;Silver-hair&quot;, a &quot;little girl&quot;
* [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/49001/49001-h/49001-h.htm#Page_207 &quot;Goldilocks and the Three Bears&quot;, by Katharine Pyle, 1918] – later version with father, mother and baby bear


{{Authority control}}

[[Category:ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9060" sha1="5tlmwikmj0mdgznnlbxj8n072r1bcnq" xml:space="preserve">[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Iceberg with hole near Sandersons Hope 2007-07-28 2.jpg|thumb|Water in two states: liquid (including the clouds, which are examples of [[aerosol]]s), and solid ([[ice]]).]]
'''ꯏꯁꯤꯡ''' ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯎꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ|ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯎꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ]],[[ꯃꯍꯥꯎꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ|ꯃꯍꯥꯎꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ]],[[ꯃꯅꯝꯂꯩꯇꯕ|ꯃꯅꯝꯂꯩꯇꯕ]], ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯛꯅꯥ [[ꯃꯆꯨꯂꯩꯇꯕ|ꯃꯆꯨꯂꯩꯇꯕ]] [[ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ substance]],ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯪ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ [[ꯃꯂꯦꯝ|ꯃꯂꯦꯝ]]ꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯛꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ,ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯤꯁꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ [[ꯃꯍꯤ|ꯃꯍꯤ]] ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯨꯂꯥ '''H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O''', ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ [[ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜ|ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜ]] ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯗ [[ꯑꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ|ꯑꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ]] ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ|ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ]] [[ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯝ|ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ]] ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ  [[ꯀꯣꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟ|ꯀꯣꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟ]] ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯅꯥ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ  Water is the name of the liquid state of H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/subꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯫ It forms [[precipitation]] in the form of [[rain]] and [[aerosol]]s in the form of [[fog]]. [[Cloud]]s  &lt;!-- The first word in a sentence is always capitalized in English. --&gt; are formed from suspended droplets of water and [[ice]], its solid state. When finely divided, crystalline ice may precipitate in the form of [[snow]]. The gaseous state of water is [[steam]] or [[water vapor]]. Water moves continually through the [[water cycle]] of [[evaporation]], [[transpiration]] ([[evapotranspiration]]), [[condensation]], [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]], and [[Surface runoff|runoff]], usually reaching the sea.

Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface, mostly in seas and oceans.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#Geo |title=CIA – The world facctbook |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]] |accessdate=20 December 2008 |archivedate=18 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518002143/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html#Geo }}&lt;/ref&gt; Small portions of water occur as groundwater (1.7%), in the glaciers and the ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland (1.7%), and in the [[atmosphere|air]] as [[vapor]], clouds (formed of ice and liquid water suspended in air), and [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] (0.001%).&lt;ref name=b1&gt;{{cite book |title=Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Freshwater Resources |editor=Gleick, P.H. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1993 |page=13, Table 2.1 &quot;Water reserves on the earth&quot; |url=http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/EarthSciences/Oceanography/?view=usa&amp;ci=9780195076288 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130408091921/http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/EarthSciences/Oceanography/?view=usa&amp;ci=9780195076288 |archivedate=8 April 2013 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html Water Vapor in the Climate System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320034158/http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html |date=2007-03-20 }}, Special Report, [AGU], December 1995 (linked 4/2007). [http://www.unep.org/dewa/assessments/ecosystems/water/vitalwater/ Vital Water] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220070111/http://www.unep.org/dewa/assessments/ecosystems/water/vitalwater/ |date=2008-02-20 }} [[UNEP]]. {{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html |accessdate=6 October 2018 |archivedate=8 July 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708023755/http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/mockler.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Water plays an important role in the [[world economy]]. Approximately 70% of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture.&lt;ref name=Baroni2007&gt;{{cite journal |author=Baroni, L. |author2=Cenci, L. |author3=Tettamanti, M. |author4=Berati, M. |year=2007 |title=Evaluating the environmental impact of various dietary patterns combined with different food production systems |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_european-journal-of-clinical-nutrition_2007-02_61_2/page/279 |journal=European Journal of Clinical Nutrition |volume=61 |pages=279–286 |doi=10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602522 |pmid=17035955 |issue=2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world. Much of long-distance trade of [[commodity|commodities]] (such as oil and natural gas) and manufactured products is transported by boats through seas, rivers, lakes, and [[canal]]s. ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯟ, ꯂꯣꯛꯂꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯟ-ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯪꯊꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ Water is an excellent [[solvent]] for a wide variety of chemical substances; as such it is widely used in industrial processes, and in cooking and [[washing]]. Water is also central to many sports and other forms of entertainment, such as swimming, [[pleasure boat]]ing, [[boat racing]], [[surfing]], [[sport fishing]], and

===ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ===

[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:SnowflakesWilsonBentley.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Snowflake]]s'' by [[Wilson Bentley]], 1902]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Brindis (24675281395).jpg|thumb|left|Liquid water, showing droplets and air bubbles caused by the drops]]

===ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯥꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯗꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯕ ===
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:3D model hydrogen bonds in water.svg|left|thumb|Model of [[hydrogen bond]]s (1) between molecules of water.]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Capillarity.svg|upright|thumb|[[Capillary action]] of water compared to [[Mercury (element)|mercury]].]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Water drop 001.jpg|right|thumb|Impact from a water drop causes an upward &quot;rebound&quot; jet surrounded by circular [[capillary wave]]s.]]


==ꯃꯂꯦꯝ ꯗꯥ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:The Earth seen from Apollo 17.jpg|thumb|Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface; the oceans contain 96.5% of the Earth's water. The [[Antarctic ice sheet]], which contains 61% of all fresh water on Earth, is visible at the bottom. Condensed atmospheric water can be seen as clouds, contributing to the Earth's [[albedo]].]]

=== ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ===
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Water cycle.png|thumb|[[Water cycle]]]]

===ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯐꯝ===
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Bay of Fundy High Tide.jpg]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Bay of Fundy Low Tide.jpg]]

===ꯏꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯊꯛꯁꯤꯡ ===
[[Wp/mniꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ|ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ]] ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯳.꯵% [[ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯑꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ|ꯁꯣꯗꯤꯑꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯏꯗ]] ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯎ ꯏ, ꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯇꯣꯛꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯣꯠꯆꯥꯛ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎ ꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯄꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯐꯝꯖꯤꯟꯂꯤ ꯑꯅꯦꯝꯕ [[ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯥ|ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯥ]] ꯗ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ {{convert|-1.9|C}}) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛ ꯏ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯥ ꯅꯥ ꯐꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯡ ꯌꯧꯅꯥ ꯏꯪꯊꯔꯛꯂꯤꯉꯩꯒꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯤ ꯆꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯗ ꯰꯬꯷% ꯅꯥ [[ꯕꯥꯜꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ|ꯕꯥꯜꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ]] ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯴.꯰% ꯅꯥ [[ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ|ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ]] ꯫ ([[Wp/mniꯑꯁꯤꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ|ꯑꯁꯤꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ]] ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯆꯦꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯳꯰%-꯴꯰%, ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ [[ꯊꯨꯝ ꯄꯥꯠ|ꯊꯨꯝ ꯄꯥꯠ]]꯫) 

[[ꯏꯊꯛ|ꯏꯊꯛ]] ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯂꯩ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ  ꯇꯥꯊꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯏꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ|ꯏꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯥꯐꯨ]] [[ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ|ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯊꯥ|ꯊꯥ]] ꯑꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ [[ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ|ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ]] ꯇꯥ ꯄꯤꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯊꯛ ꯅꯥ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯊꯨꯝꯂꯤ ꯆꯦꯟꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯈꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯂꯤ ꯫

==ꯁꯤꯃꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ==
* [[ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯢꯕꯤ]]

== ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ==</text>
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    <title>ꯔꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯭ꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟ</title>
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      <comment>Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="11706" sha1="91419980nubgrhxi1nm5j388kp06ucn" xml:space="preserve">{{See also|ꯏꯎꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ}}
'''&quot;ꯔꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯭ꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟ&quot;''' (ꯖꯔꯃꯟ: '''&quot;Rumpelstilzchen&quot;''', {{lang-en|&quot;Rumpelstiltskin&quot;}}) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯔꯃꯟ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯡꯒꯥꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯱꯸꯱꯲ꯇ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯗꯔꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯝꯅ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯢꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯢꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ꯫
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ: Rumpelstiltskin.jpg|thumb]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Rumpelstiltskin-Crane1886.jpg|thumb]]
== ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤꯅ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯅꯥꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯆꯩ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯧꯏ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯊꯜꯂꯕ ꯇꯋꯥꯔ ꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯌꯨꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯅꯥꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯩ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯀꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯛꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯥꯁꯥ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯀꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯣꯔꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯛꯂꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯅꯥꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯨꯛꯇ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅ ꯊꯜꯂꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯝꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯆꯐꯨꯅ ꯊꯜꯂꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯀꯥ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯨꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯁꯅꯥꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯀꯅꯤ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯀꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯀꯞꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯏꯝꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯅꯥꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯁꯛꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅꯨꯄꯤꯃꯆꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯄꯤꯒꯗꯕ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏ꯫ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄꯥꯝꯗꯅ ꯌꯥꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯐꯨ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯅꯥꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯩ꯫
ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯅ ꯃꯤꯂꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯁꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯄꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯏꯝꯄꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯅꯕ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯉꯣꯟꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯏꯝꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯟ-ꯊꯨꯝꯗ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯍꯨꯝꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯩ꯫
ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯇꯦ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯎꯃꯪꯗ ꯀꯣꯏꯆꯠ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯥꯞꯄ ꯆꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯣꯡꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯗꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯉꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯁꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯃꯌꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ: &quot;ꯉꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥꯡ, ꯑꯩꯅ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯌꯦꯡ, ꯑꯩꯅ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯌꯦꯡ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯟꯅ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯉꯩꯗꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯂꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯔꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯅꯤ&quot;꯫
ꯏꯝꯞ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯔꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ꯭ꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯏ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯝꯕꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯱꯲ꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯗꯔꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯝ ꯇꯦꯜꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯁꯟꯗ ꯔꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟꯅ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ &quot;ꯁꯥꯎꯔꯗꯨꯅ ꯆꯦꯟꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤꯗꯦ&quot;꯫ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯵꯷ꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯀꯤꯕ ꯄꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯔꯨꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟꯅ &quot;ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯏꯁꯥꯎꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯦꯠ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯡ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯨꯞꯈꯤ; ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯊꯋꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯄꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯅ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯔꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯦꯠ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯈꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯩꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯁꯨꯛ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯊꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯇꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯀꯩꯗꯧꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯗꯔꯁ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯝꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯤꯟꯍꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ, ꯔꯝꯄꯦꯜꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜꯠꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯣꯡ-ꯊꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯣꯡꯅꯥꯎꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯏ꯫

==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ==
{{commonscat|Rumpelstilzchen (1812, Grimm)}}
*{{wikisource-inline|Rumpelstiltskin|single=true}}
*{{wikisource-inline|Tom Tit Tot|single=true}}
* {{StandardEbooks|Standard Ebooks URL=https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/jacob-grimm_wilhelm-grimm/household-tales/margaret-hunt|Display Name=The complete set of Grimms' Fairy Tales, including ''{{PAGENAMEBASE}}''|noitalics=true}}
* [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/5314 Free version of translation of &quot;Household Tales&quot; by Brothers Grimm from Project Gutenberg]
* [https://archive.org/details/tomtittotanessa01clodgoog 'Tom Tit Tot: an essay on savage philosophy in folk-tale' by Edward Clodd (1898)]
* [https://sites.google.com/site/aglonareader/home/lang-en/books Parallel German-English text in ParallelBook format]
* [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0764662/ 1985 TV movie]
*{{Cite journal|last=Bergler|first=Edmund|date=1961|title=The Clinical Importance of &quot;Rumpelstiltskin&quot; As Anti-Male Manifesto|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-imago_spring-1961_18_1/page/65|journal=American Imago|volume=18|issue=1|pages=65–70|jstor=26301733|issn=0065-860X}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Marshall|first=Howard W.|date=1973|title='Tom Tit Tot'. A Comparative Essay on Aarne-Thompson Type 500. The Name of the Helper|journal=Folklore|volume=84|issue=1|pages=51–57|doi=10.1080/0015587X.1973.9716495|jstor=1260436|issn=0015-587X}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Ní Dhuibhne|first=Éilis|date=2012|title=The Name of the Helper: &quot;Kinder- und Hausmärchen&quot; and Ireland|journal=Béaloideas|volume=80|pages=1–22|jstor=24862867|issn=0332-270X}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Rand|first=Harry|date=2000|title=Who was Rupelstiltskin?|journal=The International Journal of Psychoanalysis|language=en|volume=81|issue=5|pages=943–962|doi=10.1516/0020757001600309|pmid=11109578}}
*{{Cite book|last=von Sydow|first=Carl W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugXgAAAAMAAJ|title=Två spinnsagor: en studie i jämförande folksagoforskning|date=1909|publisher=P.A. Norstedt|location=Stockholm|language=sv}} [Analysis of Aarne-Thompson-Uther tale types 500 and 501]
*{{Cite journal|last=Yolen|first=Jane|date=1993|title=Foreword: The Rumpelstiltskin Factor|journal=Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts|volume=5|issue=2 (18)|pages=11–13|jstor=43308148|issn=0897-0521}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Zipes|first=Jack|date=1993|title=Spinning with Fate: Rumpelstiltskin and the Decline of Female Productivity|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_western-folklore_1993-01_52_1/page/43|journal=Western Folklore|volume=52|issue=1|pages=43–60|doi=10.2307/1499492|jstor=1499492|issn=0043-373X}}
*{{Cite journal|last1=T.|first1=A. W.|last2=Clodd|first2=Edward|date=1889|title=The Philosophy of Rumpelstilt-Skin|journal=The Folk-Lore Journal|volume=7|issue=2|pages=135–163|jstor=1252656|issn=1744-2524}}
*{{Cite journal|last=Cambon|first=Fernand|date=1976|title=La fileuse. Remarques psychanalytiques sur le motif de la &quot;fileuse&quot; et du &quot;filage&quot; dans quelques poèmes et contes allemands|url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/litt_0047-4800_1976_num_23_3_1122|journal=Littérature|volume=23|issue=3|pages=56–74|doi=10.3406/litt.1976.1122}}
* Dvořák, Karel. (1967). &quot;AaTh 500 in deutschen Varianten aus der Tschechoslowakei&quot;. In: ''Fabula''. 9: 100-104. 10.1515/fabl.1967.9.1-3.100.
* Paulme, Denise. &quot;Thème et variations: l'épreuve du «nom inconnu» dans les contes d'Afrique noire&quot;. In: ''Cahiers d'études africaines'', vol. 11, n°42, 1971. pp. 189-205. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.3406/cea.1971.2800 Thème et variations : l'épreuve du « nom inconnu » dans les contes d'Afrique noire.]; www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1971_num_11_42_2800
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      <text bytes="38096" sha1="ho2t7j9a81o0ucktubhzxzk9gg37yxy" xml:space="preserve">== Translation notification: Event:Queer Women in Arts ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Queer Women in Arts|Event:Queer Women in Arts]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Event%3AQueer+Women+in+Arts&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is high.
The deadline for translating this page is 2026-02-28.

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello! We have a new page for translation: Event:Queer Women in Arts. Thanks!&lt;/div&gt;

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== Translation notification: Mission ==

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The page [[:metawikipedia:Mission|Mission]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Mission&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Mission&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Mission&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is medium.


&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
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== ''The Signpost'': 10 March 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* Interview: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Interview|Bernadette Meehan, new Wikimedia Foundation CEO]]

* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/News and notes|Security testing unleashes computer worm on Meta-wiki]]

* Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Special report|What actually happened during the Wikimedia security incident?]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In the media|Indonesian government blocks Wikimedia logins; archive site scoured from Wikipedia after owner runs malware]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Recent research|To wiki, perchance to groki]]

* Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Obituary|Madhav Gadgil, Fredrick Brennan, Mark Miller, Chip Berlet]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Opinion|Interface administrators and trusting trust]]

* Technology report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Technology report|English Wikipedia deprecates archive.today after DDoS against blog, altered content]]

* Op-ed: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Op-ed|Why is &quot;Trypsin-sensitive photosynthetic activities in chloroplast membranes&quot; cited in &quot;List of tallest buildings in Chicago&quot;?]]

* Essay: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Essay|The pursuit of a button click]]

* In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/In focus|Short descriptions: One year later]]

* WikiProject report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/WikiProject report|Unreferenced articles backlog drive]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Community view|Speaking of planning ...]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Traffic report|Over the mountain, kissing silver inlaid clouds]]

* Crossword: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Crossword|&quot;It will never happen&quot;]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-10/Comix|BRIEn't]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] ꯰꯹:꯴꯵, ꯱꯰ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Translation notification: Event:Wikipedia &amp; Education User Group Showcase/March 2026 ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:Event:Wikipedia &amp; Education User Group Showcase/March 2026|Event:Wikipedia &amp; Education User Group Showcase/March 2026]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Event%3AWikipedia+%26+Education+User+Group+Showcase%2FMarch+2026&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is high.
The deadline for translating this page is 2026-03-21.

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hi translators, 

The EduWiki Hub is seeking your support to help translate the Meta page for the EduWiki Knowledge Showcase (March 2026) into Portuguese, Spanish, French, Hindi, and Arabic

The event will take place on 24 March 2026, and translations will help make it accessible to more communities.

Thank you for your support.

Kind regards,
Barakat, for the EduWiki Hub.&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
as a truly multilingual community.

To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup].

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== ''The Signpost'': 31 March 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/News and notes|Entirety of Wikinews to be shut down]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/In the media|AI ban, newspapers disrupt archiving; and antisemitism complaints]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Community view|Videos from WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Disinformation report|Cleaning up after Jeffrey Epstein, Peter Nygard, and Mohamed Al-Fayed]]

* WikiConference report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/WikiConference report|WikiConference North America 2025 in NYC review]]

* Obituary: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Obituary|Dr. Subas Chandra Rout]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Traffic report|Call in the dogs of war, soldier of fortune]]

* Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Gallery|Canadian Rangers participate in Operation ''Enduring Encyclopedia'']]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-03-31/Comix|n00bsitting]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] ꯱꯵:꯳꯹, ꯳꯱ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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&lt;!-- Message sent by User:JPxG@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30329870 --&gt;

== Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;padding: 1em 2em;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

Dear Organizer,

I hope this message finds you well.

First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause.

As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]].

Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed.

Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. 

Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful.

Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon.

Warm regards,

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]

on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team 

&lt;nowiki&gt;#WeTogether&lt;/nowiki&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯷:꯲꯷, ꯱꯱ ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== ''The Signpost'': 21 April 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/News and notes|Six Serbian Wikipedia editors banned following controversy about political bias]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/In the media|Could Wikipedia be involved in Massachusetts' proposed social media ban for minors?]]

* Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Gallery|March equinox]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Traffic report|Time to change my galaxy in case, we outta space!]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-04-21/Comix|Of skirts and articles]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] ꯱꯲:꯲꯰, ꯲꯱ ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ꯰꯱:꯳꯶, ꯲꯹ ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30472432 --&gt;

== Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is medium.
The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19.

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
as a truly multilingual community.

To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup].

Thank you!

Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, ꯰꯵:꯵꯸, ꯱꯵ ꯃꯦ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is medium.
The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-26.

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
as a truly multilingual community.

To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup].

Thank you!

Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, ꯰꯲:꯴꯷, ꯲꯱ ꯃꯦ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]]

* Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]]

* In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]]

* Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]]

* Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]]

* Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] ꯱꯰:꯴꯹, ꯲꯲ ꯃꯦ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯰꯷:꯳꯹, ꯳ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Translation notification: Global locks ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:Global locks|Global locks]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Global+locks&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Global+locks&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Global+locks&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is medium.


&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
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Thank you!

Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, ꯰꯷:꯱꯵, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''.

Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community.

— ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯱:꯲꯴, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''.

Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages.

Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link''' - 
[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here]

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement.

—''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯲:꯵꯵, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Dashboard and share your feedback ==

Hello @[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:Haoreima|Haoreima]],

Apologies this message is not in your native language.

As an admin in the Manipuri Wikipedia, you are invited by the [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development|Language Onboarding and Development]] initiative to use the Starter Kit Dashboard. This tool will help you perform essential tasks such as importing infoboxes, tracking your Wikipedia’s activity and growth and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance.

Starter Kit Dashboard organizes essential setup tasks, making it easy for you to complete them so contributors can begin editing and learning quickly. As an admin, you can also use the Dashboard to track your Wikipedia’s progress and growth. Using this tool will help us evaluate how it can improve the onboarding experience for administrators, and the insights you provide will be used to enhance the experience for new wikis graduating from the incubator. Visit [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page]] to learn more about the Starter Kit.

Here's how to get started:

* Access the Starter Kit Dashboard here: [http://starterkit.toolforge.org/ http://starterkit.toolforge.org]
* Login with your wiki credentials, enter the target wiki url (e.g., https://hi.wikipedia.org)
* Follow the steps shown in the video below to use the tool.

[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Wikipedia_Starter_Kit_Dashboard_MVP_Demo_Video.webm|683x683px|Wikipedia Starter Kit Dashboard MVP Demo Video]]

* After exploring the Dashboard, please share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page,]] focusing on the following questions:
** The parts of the starter kit you expect to use most often, and how you plan to use them.
** The essential tasks you tried, and how easy or difficult they were to complete.
** The wiki tasks you would like the starter kit to guide you through or automate in the future.

Most of the tasks that will result in edits on the wiki can be reverted like an edit from the “view history”, so don't be afraid to try them several times.

We would appreciate it if you could submit your feedback by June 26, 2026, so we can begin analyzing it to identify areas for improvement. If you have any questions or need assistance, please let me know.

Thank you so much for your contributions to your Wikipedia and for helping us shape this tool for new and small Wikipedias. We will keep you updated on any additional things added to the starter kit in the future.

Best regards, [[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯰꯳:꯰꯳, ꯱꯲ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

===Appreciating your feedback on the Starter Kit Dashboard ===

Dear [[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:Haoreima|Haoreima]],

Thank you for taking the time to explore the [http://starterkit.toolforge.org/ Starter kit dashboard] and for sharing your thoughtful feedback. Your insights are invaluable to us, and we truly appreciate your continued commitment to the Wikipedia community.

We are currently working on the feedback we received. You can view the tasks we are currently working on here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/?project=PHID-PROJ-jry4odhdvqbzs7ptr3vw&amp;statuses=open()&amp;group=none&amp;order=newest#R

The next phase of our work will be to share the tool broadly with various communities in the movement.

If you haven't yet had the chance to submit your feedback, you're still welcome to share your thoughts on [[mw:Talk:Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|the feedback page]]. 

Best regards,
[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯰:꯱꯸, ꯳꯱ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯷:꯳꯵, ꯱꯸ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯰:꯰꯱, ꯱꯸ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

&lt;/div&gt;
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      <sha1>ho2t7j9a81o0ucktubhzxzk9gg37yxy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>62184</id>
      <parentid>62183</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-26T06:20:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Haoreima</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>62184</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22868" sha1="q4c4fi9wid51lfv3oy2vkzedabs9d9u" xml:space="preserve">
== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ꯰꯱:꯳꯶, ꯲꯹ ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST) &lt;/div&gt;
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== Translation notification: User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter|User:Keegan (WMF)/U4C eligible voter]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-User%3AKeegan+%28WMF%29%2FU4C+eligible+voter&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is medium.
The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-19.

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
as a truly multilingual community.

To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup].

Thank you!

Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, ꯰꯵:꯵꯸, ꯱꯵ ꯃꯦ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== Translation notification: Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now|Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2026/Vote now]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct%2FCoordinating+Committee%2FElection%2F2026%2FVote+now&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is medium.
The deadline for translating this page is 2026-05-26.

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
as a truly multilingual community.

To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup].

Thank you!

Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, ꯰꯲:꯴꯷, ꯲꯱ ꯃꯦ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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== ''The Signpost'': 22 May 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[File:WikipediaSignpostIcon.svg|40px|right]] ''News, reports and features from the English Wikipedia's newspaper''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
* News and notes: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/News and notes|Offline: Osama Khalid still in prison]]

* In the media: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In the media|Indonesian editors, you shall return!]]

* Disinformation report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Disinformation report|Who is a typical paid editor? Who are their typical clients?]]

* Recent research: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Recent research|WikiLambda the Ultimate]]

* Traffic report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Traffic report|This is where I'll be, so heavenly, so come and dance with me Michael!]]

* Forum: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Forum|WikiAnnotate: help us build a dataset of article quality evaluations]]

* In focus: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/In focus|Demystifying the 2026-27 Annual Plan]]

* Opinion: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Opinion|Wikipedia isn't a battleground. So why does it feel like one?]]

* Serendipity: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Serendipity|Wikinews: Into the Wikiverse]]

* Special report: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Special report|Wikimedia Foundation closes Wikinews after 21 years]]

* Community view: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Community view|Wikipedia's traffic drop: more on languages and freshness]]

* Gallery: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Gallery|Earth Day and Mother's Day]]

* Comix: [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/2026-05-22/Comix|Brother, can you spare a page?]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost|Read this Signpost in full]]''' · [[w:en:Wikipedia:Signpost/Single|Single-page]] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Signpost|Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] ꯱꯰:꯴꯹, ꯲꯲ ꯃꯦ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;!-- Sent via script ([[w:en:User:JPxG/SPS]]) --&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Bri@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Signpost&amp;oldid=30513885 --&gt;

== Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, 

This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''.

Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026.

Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign.

Best regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'''

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯰꯷:꯳꯹, ꯳ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30627457 --&gt;

== Translation notification: Global locks ==

Hello Haoreima,

You are receiving this notification because you signed up as a translator to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ, Simple English ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Fiji Hindi on Meta-Wiki.
The page [[:metawikipedia:Global locks|Global locks]] is available for translation. You can translate it here:
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Global+locks&amp;language=mni&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Global+locks&amp;language=simple&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Simple English]
* [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Global+locks&amp;language=hif&amp;action=page&amp;action_source=translation_notification translate to Fiji Hindi]

The priority of this page is medium.


&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Your help is greatly appreciated. Translators like you help Meta-Wiki to function
as a truly multilingual community.

To unsubscribe or to change your notification preferences for translations, please visit [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:TranslatorSignup Special:TranslatorSignup].

Thank you!

Meta-Wiki translation coordinators‎, ꯰꯷:꯱꯵, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Minorax@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:NotifyTranslators --&gt;

== Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''.

Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community.

— ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯱:꯲꯴, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30649262 --&gt;

== Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''.

Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages.

Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link''' - 
[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here]

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement.

—''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯲:꯵꯵, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30649454 --&gt;

== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Dashboard and share your feedback ==

Hello @[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:Haoreima|Haoreima]],

Apologies this message is not in your native language.

As an admin in the Manipuri Wikipedia, you are invited by the [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development|Language Onboarding and Development]] initiative to use the Starter Kit Dashboard. This tool will help you perform essential tasks such as importing infoboxes, tracking your Wikipedia’s activity and growth and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance.

Starter Kit Dashboard organizes essential setup tasks, making it easy for you to complete them so contributors can begin editing and learning quickly. As an admin, you can also use the Dashboard to track your Wikipedia’s progress and growth. Using this tool will help us evaluate how it can improve the onboarding experience for administrators, and the insights you provide will be used to enhance the experience for new wikis graduating from the incubator. Visit [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page]] to learn more about the Starter Kit.

Here's how to get started:

* Access the Starter Kit Dashboard here: [http://starterkit.toolforge.org/ http://starterkit.toolforge.org]
* Login with your wiki credentials, enter the target wiki url (e.g., https://hi.wikipedia.org)
* Follow the steps shown in the video below to use the tool.

[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Wikipedia_Starter_Kit_Dashboard_MVP_Demo_Video.webm|683x683px|Wikipedia Starter Kit Dashboard MVP Demo Video]]

* After exploring the Dashboard, please share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page,]] focusing on the following questions:
** The parts of the starter kit you expect to use most often, and how you plan to use them.
** The essential tasks you tried, and how easy or difficult they were to complete.
** The wiki tasks you would like the starter kit to guide you through or automate in the future.

Most of the tasks that will result in edits on the wiki can be reverted like an edit from the “view history”, so don't be afraid to try them several times.

We would appreciate it if you could submit your feedback by June 26, 2026, so we can begin analyzing it to identify areas for improvement. If you have any questions or need assistance, please let me know.

Thank you so much for your contributions to your Wikipedia and for helping us shape this tool for new and small Wikipedias. We will keep you updated on any additional things added to the starter kit in the future.

Best regards, [[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯰꯳:꯰꯳, ꯱꯲ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

===Appreciating your feedback on the Starter Kit Dashboard ===

Dear [[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:Haoreima|Haoreima]],

Thank you for taking the time to explore the [http://starterkit.toolforge.org/ Starter kit dashboard] and for sharing your thoughtful feedback. Your insights are invaluable to us, and we truly appreciate your continued commitment to the Wikipedia community.

We are currently working on the feedback we received. You can view the tasks we are currently working on here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/?project=PHID-PROJ-jry4odhdvqbzs7ptr3vw&amp;statuses=open()&amp;group=none&amp;order=newest#R

The next phase of our work will be to share the tool broadly with various communities in the movement.

If you haven't yet had the chance to submit your feedback, you're still welcome to share your thoughts on [[mw:Talk:Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|the feedback page]]. 

Best regards,
[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯰:꯱꯸, ꯳꯱ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯷:꯳꯵, ꯱꯸ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30704175 --&gt;

== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯰:꯰꯱, ꯱꯸ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30704478 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>q4c4fi9wid51lfv3oy2vkzedabs9d9u</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>62185</id>
      <parentid>62184</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-26T06:21:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Haoreima</username>
        <id>60</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>62185</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13879" sha1="7qfx51wripp83afs9uasbkplgd9020a" xml:space="preserve">
== You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years.

This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required.

The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run.

In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ꯰꯱:꯳꯶, ꯲꯹ ꯑꯦꯄꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&amp;oldid=30472432 --&gt;

== Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''.

Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community.

— ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯱:꯲꯴, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30649262 --&gt;

== Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''.

Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages.

Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign.

=== Appreciation Form ===

As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''.

'''Form link''' - 
[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here]

; Deadline
: 22 June 2026

Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process.

=== Thank you ===

We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world.

Congratulations once again on your achievement.

—''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯲:꯵꯵, ꯷ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30649454 --&gt;

== Invitation to try the Starter Kit Dashboard and share your feedback ==

Hello @[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:Haoreima|Haoreima]],

Apologies this message is not in your native language.

As an admin in the Manipuri Wikipedia, you are invited by the [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development|Language Onboarding and Development]] initiative to use the Starter Kit Dashboard. This tool will help you perform essential tasks such as importing infoboxes, tracking your Wikipedia’s activity and growth and connecting with members of the broader Wikimedia community for technical guidance.

Starter Kit Dashboard organizes essential setup tasks, making it easy for you to complete them so contributors can begin editing and learning quickly. As an admin, you can also use the Dashboard to track your Wikipedia’s progress and growth. Using this tool will help us evaluate how it can improve the onboarding experience for administrators, and the insights you provide will be used to enhance the experience for new wikis graduating from the incubator. Visit [[mw:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page]] to learn more about the Starter Kit.

Here's how to get started:

* Access the Starter Kit Dashboard here: [http://starterkit.toolforge.org/ http://starterkit.toolforge.org]
* Login with your wiki credentials, enter the target wiki url (e.g., https://hi.wikipedia.org)
* Follow the steps shown in the video below to use the tool.

[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Wikipedia_Starter_Kit_Dashboard_MVP_Demo_Video.webm|683x683px|Wikipedia Starter Kit Dashboard MVP Demo Video]]

* After exploring the Dashboard, please share your feedback on [[mw:Talk:Language_Onboarding_and_Development/Starter_kit|this page,]] focusing on the following questions:
** The parts of the starter kit you expect to use most often, and how you plan to use them.
** The essential tasks you tried, and how easy or difficult they were to complete.
** The wiki tasks you would like the starter kit to guide you through or automate in the future.

Most of the tasks that will result in edits on the wiki can be reverted like an edit from the “view history”, so don't be afraid to try them several times.

We would appreciate it if you could submit your feedback by June 26, 2026, so we can begin analyzing it to identify areas for improvement. If you have any questions or need assistance, please let me know.

Thank you so much for your contributions to your Wikipedia and for helping us shape this tool for new and small Wikipedias. We will keep you updated on any additional things added to the starter kit in the future.

Best regards, [[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯰꯳:꯰꯳, ꯱꯲ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

===Appreciating your feedback on the Starter Kit Dashboard ===

Dear [[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:Haoreima|Haoreima]],

Thank you for taking the time to explore the [http://starterkit.toolforge.org/ Starter kit dashboard] and for sharing your thoughtful feedback. Your insights are invaluable to us, and we truly appreciate your continued commitment to the Wikipedia community.

We are currently working on the feedback we received. You can view the tasks we are currently working on here: https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/?project=PHID-PROJ-jry4odhdvqbzs7ptr3vw&amp;statuses=open()&amp;group=none&amp;order=newest#R

The next phase of our work will be to share the tool broadly with various communities in the movement.

If you haven't yet had the chance to submit your feedback, you're still welcome to share your thoughts on [[mw:Talk:Language Onboarding and Development/Starter kit|the feedback page]]. 

Best regards,
[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:UOzurumba (WMF)|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯰:꯱꯸, ꯳꯱ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

== Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your dedication, coordination, and hard work played a vital role in making this year's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign successful. We truly appreciate the time and effort you invested in engaging your community and supporting participants.

As we have completed the jury phase and begin planning for next year's campaign, we would like to learn from your experiences. Please complete the organisers' feedback form and share your insights, challenges, and suggestions on how we can improve the campaign.

'''This feedback form is mandatory for all organisers''', as it helps us evaluate the campaign and make meaningful improvements for future editions.

'''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf6IsGAsxkTEWTwueyLg-gBjRVlY3g2kTNj3xRhDiILiQnQwQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please submit your response by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for your invaluable contributions and for helping make Feminism and Folklore a global success. We look forward to working with you again in the future!

Regards,

'''Feminism and Folklore Team'''

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯷:꯳꯵, ꯱꯸ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)
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&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&amp;oldid=30704175 --&gt;

== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:MediaWiki message delivery|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯲꯰:꯰꯱, ꯱꯸ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ (IST)

&lt;/div&gt;
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|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; border-top: 1px solid gray;&quot; | [[special:diff/42752|Thank you for your great works here on this wiki]], we really appreciate your works here.
[[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ:Sakura emad|🌸 Sakura emad 💖]] ([[ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ:Sakura emad|ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ]]) ꯱꯸:꯳꯹, ꯲꯶ ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ (IST)
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      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="22151" sha1="5jbsq52915rywlfjxhpdyalhxv207r8" xml:space="preserve">[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ana_Dili.JPG|thumb| [[ꯑꯓꯦꯔꯕꯥꯢꯖꯥꯟ|ꯑꯖꯔꯕꯀꯤ]] ꯅꯥꯈꯆꯤꯚꯥꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ''ꯃꯃꯥꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ'' ꯃꯤꯇꯝ (&quot;ꯑꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯂꯤ&quot;) ꯫ ]]
'''ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ''' ( '''L1''' ), '''ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯣꯜ''', '''ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ''' ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ '''ꯃꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ''' ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ  ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ''ꯃꯃꯥꯂꯣꯟ'' ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯏꯊꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ 

ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ, ꯈꯨꯅꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯂꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫  ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯦꯛꯇ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯈꯨꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯝꯐꯝ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯫  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Boroditsky|first=Lera|date=2001|title=Does language shape thought?: Mandarin and English speakers' conceptions of time|url=http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~lera/papers/mandarin.pdf|journal=Cognitive Psychology|volume=43|issue=1|pages=1–22|doi=10.1006/cogp.2001.0748|pmid=11487292|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510152648/http://www-psych.stanford.edu/~lera/papers/mandarin.pdf|archive-date=10 May 2013|access-date=2013-09-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯃꯤ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯨꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯇꯩꯇꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯀꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯉꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯷ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯪꯂꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯀꯤꯡ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯔꯄꯥꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯫ 

꯱꯹꯹꯹ꯒꯤ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯷ꯇꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯅꯥ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯱ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯗꯔ ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯗꯦ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

== ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ==
ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ, ꯑꯍꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯂꯒꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯨꯞꯆꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ &quot;ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯀꯥꯔ&quot; ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Love and Ansaldo 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Love|first=Nigel|last2=Ansaldo|first2=Umberto|date=2010|title=The native speaker and the mother tongue|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_language-sciences_2010-11_32_6/page/589|journal=Language Sciences|volume=32|issue=6|pages=589–593|doi=10.1016/j.langsci.2010.09.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧꯃꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯃꯤꯠ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯂꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯊꯥꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ &quot;ꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ&quot; ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Love and Ansaldo 2010&quot; /&gt;
&quot;ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯐꯝꯊꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ ꯊꯝꯗꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯅꯩꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯂꯥꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯥꯅ꯫   ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯑꯕ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯞꯆꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ (&quot;ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ&quot; ꯂꯣꯜ) ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ &quot;ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

=== &quot;ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯕꯥ ===

* ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯃꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ(ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ (ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯄꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ(ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ) ꯫
* ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯛꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ: ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ/ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ(ꯁꯤꯡ);
* ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ: ꯂꯣꯜ(ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ/ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯫
* ꯋꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ(ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯗꯨ ꯫
* ꯃꯊꯧꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ: ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ(ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯫

ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯥ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ [[ꯀꯦꯅ꯭ꯌꯥ|ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥ]], [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ|ꯚꯥꯔꯠ]], [[ꯕꯦꯂꯥꯔꯨꯁ]], [[ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ|ꯌꯨꯛꯔꯦꯟ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯀꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, &quot;ꯃꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ &quot;ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄꯥꯔꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ (&quot;ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯧꯅꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯗꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ  ꯂꯩꯇꯦ&quot;), ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ, [[ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥꯄꯣꯔ|ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯄꯨꯔꯗꯥ]] &quot;ꯏꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯦꯡꯗꯅꯥ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯐꯨꯔꯨꯞ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯜꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ &quot;ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯏꯝꯄꯥꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯏꯊꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯎꯅ ꯂꯣꯟꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯪꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯕꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯥꯄꯨꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯫

ꯀꯦꯅꯥꯗꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯗꯥ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯀꯅꯥꯗꯥꯅꯥ ''ꯃꯃꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ'' ꯑꯁꯤ &quot;ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Reference/dict/pop082.htm|title=mother tongue|work=2001 census|accessdate=2023-02-21|archivedate=2008-09-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080916172728/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Reference/dict/pop082.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;  &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯔꯣꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯊꯥꯖꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯔꯤꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯈꯨꯗꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯗꯥ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯂꯣꯟ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ), ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ... ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ( ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯦꯠꯔꯤꯁꯟ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ) ꯫ ꯏꯚꯥꯟ ꯏꯂꯤꯆꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, &quot;ꯏꯃꯥꯂꯣꯜ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯅꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ &quot; [[ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯟ|ꯄꯨꯂꯄꯤꯇꯇꯒꯤ]] ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ&quot; ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ &quot;ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯡꯂꯨꯞ&quot;ꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯂꯝ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯑꯦꯂꯤꯖꯃꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯔ꯭ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠꯌꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫   ꯖꯦ.ꯑꯥꯔ.ꯑꯥꯔ . ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ &quot;ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯟ&quot; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯅꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯗ  ꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫  ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯑꯀꯟꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯤꯗꯜꯌꯥꯟꯗꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯗꯜ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯜꯀꯤꯟ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯖꯈꯤ) ꯫

ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ''ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ'' ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯕꯥ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨꯅꯤ ꯫

== ꯂꯣꯟ-ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Int-mother-lang-day-monument.jpg|thumb| ꯑꯣꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯂꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯗꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯗꯔ ꯂꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯗꯦ ꯃꯣꯅꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯐꯣꯉꯕꯥ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ, ꯱꯹ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯰꯰꯶꯫]]
ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ꯫ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯕꯈꯛꯇꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯏ ꯫ ꯄꯔꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯦꯔꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ &quot;ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ&quot; ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ- ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ &quot;ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ&quot; ꯂꯣꯜ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯜꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ꯫

* ꯕꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ (ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯣꯡꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯏ),
* ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯏ,
* ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯄꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗꯥ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯑꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯤ ꯫  &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation|last=Hakuta|first=Kenji|title=The relationship between degree of bilingualism and cognitive ability: A critical discussion and some new longitudinal data|date=1985|url=http://faculty.ucmerced.edu/khakuta/research/publications/(1985)%20-%20THE%20RELATIONSHIP%20BETWEEN%20DEGREE%20OF%20BILINGUALISM%20AND.pdf|volume=5|pages=319–344|df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131024165613/http://faculty.ucmerced.edu/khakuta/research/publications/(1985)%20-%20THE%20RELATIONSHIP%20BETWEEN%20DEGREE%20OF%20BILINGUALISM%20AND.pdf|periodical=Children’s Language|access-date=2013-10-21|archive-date=24 October 2013|last2=Diaz|first2=Rafael M.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯂꯣꯟ-ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ==
ꯀꯅꯥꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯅꯥ ''ꯂꯣꯟ-ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ''  ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯅꯥ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ, ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯂꯣꯟꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯇꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯩꯊꯣꯏ-ꯁꯤꯡꯊꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯫

=== &quot;ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯟꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ===
ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯕꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯉꯥꯡꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯉꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯆꯨꯁꯤꯟꯅꯍꯟꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯆꯨꯝꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯥ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯟꯒꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯈꯪꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Linguistics Studentʻs Handbook|publisher=Edinburgh University Press}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;ꯗꯤ ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯀꯥꯔ: ꯑꯦꯆꯤꯕꯦꯕꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ?&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=Joseph J.|date=2005|title=The native speaker: An achievable model?|url=https://asian-efl-journal.com/June_05_jl.pdf|journal=Asian EFL Journal|volume=7|issue=2|at=article 9|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201229185102/http://asian-efl-journal.com/June_05_jl.pdf|archive-date=29 December 2020|access-date=26 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯏ.ꯑꯦꯐ.ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯔꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯌꯥꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯌꯦꯜꯍꯧ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯀꯥꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯒꯥꯏꯗꯂꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ:

# ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯥ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯇꯨꯅꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯫
# ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯠꯌꯨꯏꯇꯤꯕ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫
# ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯖꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯟꯁꯔ ꯗꯤꯁꯀꯣꯔꯁ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫
# ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯈꯨꯅꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯛꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯀꯦꯇꯤꯚ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯤꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫
# ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯀꯝꯝꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
# ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯇꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ ꯫

== ꯂꯣꯟ ꯱ꯒ ꯂꯣꯟ ꯱ꯒ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕ ==
ꯂꯣꯜ ꯍꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯏ ꯫ ꯂꯣꯟ-ꯃꯌꯥꯝ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯐꯝꯗꯥ, ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯂꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯂꯣꯟꯃꯤꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯟꯆꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯉꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯑꯅꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯗꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

== ꯃꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯤꯌꯨ ==

== ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ==
{{Reflist}}
[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ]]</text>
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    <title>ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.</title>
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      <comment>Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260825sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="33476" sha1="jx28o08gpnxnx6qxll1f5x85qzse0lh" xml:space="preserve">{{Transliterated|ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:ন্যু য়োর্ক্ সীতীগী য়ু.এস.|ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.|notice=no}}
'''ꯅꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ''' ꯁꯤꯇꯤ  ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ '''ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯋꯥꯏ. ꯁꯤ.''' ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯤꯊꯥꯡꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯛ ꯔꯥꯖ꯭ꯌꯒꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯫ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯕꯣꯔꯣ ꯃꯉꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯥꯎꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ, ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ, ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ, ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁ,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCLifeSciencesCapital&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 50 science cities in life sciences|url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2020-science-cities/tables/life-sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCHealthCareLifeSciences&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-mayor-adams-announce-plan-sparc-kips-bay-first-its-kind-job-and-education-hub|title=Governor Hochul, Mayor Adams Announce Plan for SPARC Kips Bay, First-of-Its-Kind Job and Education Hub for Health and Life Sciences Innovation|publisher=[[State of New York]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ, ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ, ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ, ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯏꯕ, ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ, ꯀꯂꯥ, ꯐꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯟꯅ-ꯈꯣꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ, ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCFinancialCapitalWorldA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/219124.htm|title=Shanghai and New York--Similar, But Different|publisher=China.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯇꯦꯛ,&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech|title=New York is closer than ever to beating the Bay Area on tech}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔꯇꯦꯅꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=When the World Called for a Capital|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/14/nyregion/when-the-world-called-for-a-capital.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History|publisher=Basic Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sx3RDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA594}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯅꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯗꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ ꯭ ꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯟ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml|publisher=The City of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DDC New York|url=http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/|publisher=Digital Diplomacy Coalition, New York|access-date=2024-03-01|archive-date=2018-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727142713/http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯍꯔ&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/most-influential-cities-in-the-world-2018-5?amp|title=The 21 most influential cities in the world|publisher=[[Business Insider]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

꯲꯰꯲꯲ꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯸,꯳꯳꯵,꯸꯹꯷ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ {{Convert|300.46|sqmi|km2}} ꯗꯥ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;QuickFacts&quot;&gt;[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/3651000,36,00 QuickFacts for New York city, New York; New York; United States], [[United States Census Bureau]].&lt;/ref&gt; ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯖꯥꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯂꯁ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯦꯂꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusNYC&quot;&gt;[https://www.census.gov/history/www/homepage_archive/2023/january_2023.html U.S. Census Bureau History: New York City and the New Year], [[United States Census Bureau]].&lt;/ref&gt; ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯊꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯂꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯃꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔꯅꯤ, ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯕꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ&lt;ref&gt;[https://data.census.gov/table?g=310XX00US35620 Census Data for the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area], [[United States Census Bureau]].&lt;/ref&gt; ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯅꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯲꯳.꯵ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯒꯥꯁꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsamerica.org/radius/big.aspx|title=Big Radius Tool: StatsAmerica|publisher=Indiana Business Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯃꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯒꯦꯠꯋꯦꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯣꯜ ꯸꯰꯰ ꯔꯣꯝ ꯉꯥꯡꯅꯩ,&lt;ref name=&quot;QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Queens has more languages than anywhere in the world—here's where they're found|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/queens-languages-map-2017-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯲꯰꯲꯱ꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯳.꯱ ꯔꯣꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ,&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusNYC&quot; /&gt; ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗꯥ ꯄꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCHighestForeignBorn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live in NYC Than There Are People in Chicago|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/19/new-york-city-immigrants_n_4475197.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯐꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯶꯲꯴ꯗꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯇꯂꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯝ  ꯱꯶꯲꯶ꯇꯥ ꯊꯣꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯶꯵꯳ꯗꯥ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯶꯶꯴ ꯗꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯁ ꯑꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ, ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯛ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯌꯣꯔꯀꯇꯥ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;npsnetherland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dutch Colonies|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm|publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯱꯶꯷꯳ꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ; ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯶꯷꯴ꯗꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯷꯸꯵ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯷꯹꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;senate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Nine Capitals of the United States|url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm|publisher=[[United States Senate]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯸꯹꯸ꯗꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯔꯣ ꯃꯉꯥ : ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯀꯂꯤꯟ, ꯀꯨꯏꯟꯁ, ꯗꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗꯦꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯫

ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯛꯇꯇꯥ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯇꯅꯥ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯀꯔ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯀꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯡꯕꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯟꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯅꯇꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯟꯇꯔ&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCFinancialCapitalWorld&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-34-explore-the-data/gfci-34-rank/|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 34|accessdate=2024-03-01|archivedate=2023-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928132949/https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-34-explore-the-data/gfci-34-rank/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/|title=New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkMostPowerfulGlobalCity&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Global Cities Report|url=https://www.kearney.com/global-cities/2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯏꯀꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ&amp;nbsp;ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯴.&lt;ref name=&quot;bea.gov&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?et=&amp;pageID=2&amp;rid=397&amp;t=|periodical=fred.stlouisfed.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fred.stlouisfed.org&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Total Gross Domestic Product for New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (MSA)|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP35620 |periodical=fred.stlouisfed.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯃꯦꯠꯔꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯥꯟ ꯑꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯃꯅꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ|ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ]] ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯇꯔꯥꯅꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯇꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯃꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯀꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ: ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛ ꯑꯦꯀꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯥꯁꯗꯥꯛ ꯫ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯚꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCSafeHavenGlobalInvestors&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.propertyinvestortoday.co.uk/breaking-news/2016/12/international-investors-eye-new-york-as-safe-haven|title=International investors eye New York as safe haven|accessdate=2024-03-01|archivedate=2023-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103153122/https://www.propertyinvestortoday.co.uk/breaking-news/2016/12/international-investors-eye-new-york-as-safe-haven}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2023 &lt;/link&gt;&lt;/link&gt;, ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯥꯠꯔꯤꯌꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯡꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;MostExpensiveCityExpats&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2023/06/08/nyc-overtakes-hong-kong-as-most-expensive-city-in-world-for-expats-eca.html|title=New York overtakes Hong Kong as the most expensive city in the world for expats, new survey shows}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯕꯤꯂꯤꯌꯅꯔ, ꯑꯂꯠꯔꯥ-ꯍꯥꯏ ꯅꯦꯠ ꯋꯔꯛ (ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯳꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ) ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCUltraHighNetWorth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/14/top-10-cities-where-the-super-rich-own-homes.html|title=These are the top 10 cities where the 'super-rich' own homes — 6 are in the U.S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯅꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkArtMarketGlobalHeadquarters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The New York Art Market Report|url=https://nyartmarket.independenthq.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

꯱꯶꯶꯴ꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯌꯣꯔꯛꯀꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯛ (ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯖꯦꯃꯁ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ )ꯒꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯌ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html|title=1664 New Amsterdam becomes New York Dutch rulers surrender to England|first=Etta|last=Badoe|publisher=[[Queens Chronicle]]|date=November 11, 2015|access-date=March 1, 2024|archive-date=February 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201120328/https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯖꯦꯝꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯨꯞ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯁ ꯫, ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯝ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯦꯗꯥꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯄꯨ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Archdeacon2013a&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Thomas J.|last=Archdeacon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bTxAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT19|title=New York City, 1664–1710: Conquest and Change|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==

=== ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ===
ꯀꯣꯂꯝꯕꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯄꯦ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯑꯂꯒꯣꯅꯀꯤꯌꯥꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯄꯦꯍꯣꯀꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯈꯪꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗ, ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯟ, ꯕ꯭ꯔꯣꯉ꯭ꯀꯁ, ꯂꯣꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯟ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ( ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯀꯂꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯏꯅꯁ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯍꯗꯁꯟ ꯚꯦꯂꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Evan T.|last=Pritchard|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5hky9f5PgoC&amp;pg=PA27|title=Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin people of New York|page=27|publisher=Council Oak Books|isbn=1-57178-107-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯍꯥꯔꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯀꯨꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯈꯣꯉꯆꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯱꯵꯲꯴ꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯕꯥꯗꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯂꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯑꯣꯚꯥꯅꯤ ꯗꯥ ꯚꯦꯔꯥꯖꯥꯅꯣꯅꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Debo2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Angie|last=Debo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLjYpwiuN_wC&amp;pg=PT28|title=A History of the Indians of the United States|publisher=[[University of Oklahoma Press]]|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8061-8965-9|page=28}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ''ꯅꯣꯚꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯉ꯭ꯒꯨꯂꯦꯝ'' ( New Angoulême ) ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;rodgers&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rankin|first=Rebecca B.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262|title=New York: The World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress|publisher=[[Harper (publisher)|Harper]]|year=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯤꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯄꯣꯔꯇꯨꯒꯤꯖ ꯀꯦꯞꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯚꯥꯑꯣ ꯒꯣꯃꯦꯁꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯏꯝꯄꯥꯔꯇꯔ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯦꯅꯈꯤ꯫&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mw5Q&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;V, ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯱꯵꯲꯵ ꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯏꯌꯔꯛ ꯍꯥꯔꯕꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯗꯁꯟ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ {{Lang|es|Río de San Antonio}} ꯍꯥꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯅꯈꯤ꯫&lt;/link&gt; (‘ꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯦꯟꯊꯣꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ’)꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=WPA Writer's Project|title=A Maritime History of New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o08K8jlMI-IC|page=246|publisher=Going Coastal Productions|year=2004|isbn=0-9729803-1-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

꯱꯶꯰꯹ ꯗꯥ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯞꯂꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔ ꯍꯦꯅꯔꯤ ꯍꯗꯁꯅꯅꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯑꯦꯟꯇꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯔꯊꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯄꯦꯁꯦꯖ ꯊꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯍꯥꯔꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;Lankevich2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor|title=New York City: A Short History}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁꯅꯥ ꯅꯣꯔꯊ ꯔꯤꯚꯔ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯍꯗꯁꯟ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ) ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ ꯂꯝꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯍꯗꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗꯥ ''ꯃꯣꯔꯤꯁꯁ'' , ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯗꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯠꯅꯥ ꯍꯤꯊꯥꯡꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ “ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯍꯥꯔꯕꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ” ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯕꯨ “ꯃꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯛꯄꯥ” ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ “ꯉꯥꯅꯥ ꯊꯜꯂꯕꯥ” ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;hudsonnni&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Hudson River|url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/hudson-river/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯍꯗꯁꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯶꯱꯴ꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯞ ꯀꯣꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯂꯥꯑꯣꯔ ꯕꯦꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯦꯗꯥꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯅꯥ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯏꯌꯔꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯅꯟ-ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯖꯨꯌꯥꯟ ꯔꯣꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯦꯖꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯶꯱꯳–꯱꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯖꯨ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯍꯥꯇꯅꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ, ꯂꯃꯗꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯥ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ -ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯫  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 2, 2012|title=Honoring a Very Early New Yorker|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/honoring-a-very-early-new-yorker/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 14, 2013|title=CUNY DSI Publishes Monograph on New York's First Immigrant|url=https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/juan-rodriguez-monograph|publisher=[[The City College of New York]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ===
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:224px;max-width:224px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:222px;max-width:222px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_(City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland)_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg|alt=|220x220px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; ꯀꯦꯁꯇꯦꯂꯣ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ, [[Lower Manhattan|ꯂꯣꯌꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯅꯒꯤ]] [[New Amsterdam|ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ]] ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯱꯶꯶꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:222px;max-width:222px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg|alt=|220x220px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[New Amsterdam|ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯔ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯝ]], ꯏꯪ ꯱꯶꯶꯴ ꯗꯥ [[British colonization of the Americas|ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟꯗꯅꯥ]] ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:WTC smoking on 9-11.jpeg|thumb|209x209px|[[ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯱ꯗꯥ ꯑꯦꯇꯦꯛꯇ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ꯫]]]]
ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯍꯥꯔꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇꯥ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯱꯶꯲꯴ꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯇꯤꯅꯦꯟꯇꯜ ꯌꯨꯅꯥꯏꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯁꯇꯥ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅꯥ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯅꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯇꯂꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯒꯚꯔꯅꯔꯁ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗꯗꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯐꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯇꯂꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯶꯲꯵ꯗꯥ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗꯗꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯁꯤꯇꯥꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯝ, ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ''ꯅꯤꯎ ꯑꯦꯝꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯝ'' (ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯝ) ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯀꯧꯕꯥ, ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm Dutch Colonies], [[National Park Service]]. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Tolerance&quot;&gt;[http://www.tolerancepark.org/id2.html GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance], Tolerance Park. &lt;/ref&gt;

ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯣꯌꯔ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯅꯒꯤ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯤꯠ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯥ {{Convert|12|ft}} ꯅꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯔꯦꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕꯥ ꯱꯶꯵꯳ꯗꯥ ꯎꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯦꯗ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/crash-selected-wall-street-chronology/|title=Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology|publisher=[[PBS]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯱꯶꯲꯶ꯇꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯑꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯤꯇꯔ ꯃꯤꯅꯨꯏꯠ, ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕꯥ ''ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯅꯒꯤ'' ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯀꯄꯥ ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯄꯦ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯀꯦꯅꯥꯔꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ  “ ꯒꯤꯜꯗꯔ ꯶꯰ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.s4ulanguages.com/laet2.html|title=Pieter Schaghen Letter}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ (꯲꯰꯱꯸ꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯹꯰꯰)꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Value of the Guilder versus Euro|url=http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php|publisher=[[International Institute of Social History]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯔꯥꯟꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯍꯥꯇꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯣꯂꯔ ꯲꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯕꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Schaghen Letter|url=http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html|publisher=Nnp.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Christopher L.|last2=Hamell|first2=George R.|date=September 1986|title=A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1986-09_73_2/page/311|journal=[[The Journal of American History]]|volume=73|issue=2|pages=311–328|doi=10.2307/1908224|jstor=1908224}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯌꯣꯟꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;npsnetherland&quot;/&gt; ꯁꯦꯇꯂꯔꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ, ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁꯅꯥ ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯶꯲꯸ꯗꯥ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯵꯰ ꯔꯣꯝ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯦꯗꯥꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯗꯥ ꯄꯨꯔꯀꯈꯤꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ( ''ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯟ'', ꯅꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯄꯦꯠꯔꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ) ꯅꯥ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯔꯥꯖꯅꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯇꯣꯅꯣꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯇꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯐꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯇꯥ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯂꯝ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯤꯒꯅꯤ ꯫  ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;locnetherland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Patroon System|url=http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|accessdate=2024-03-01|archivedate=2022-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319082007/http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

꯱꯶꯲꯱ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯦꯗꯥꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯗꯥ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯖꯦꯅꯦꯔꯦꯂꯅꯥ ꯄꯤꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯊꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯫ ꯱꯶꯳꯹–꯱꯶꯴꯰ꯗꯥ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯃꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗꯥ, ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯄꯣꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯆꯥꯅꯕꯥ, ꯂꯧꯎ-ꯁꯤꯡꯎ, ꯇꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯖꯒꯥ ꯂꯣꯌꯅꯅꯥ) ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ) &lt;ref name=&quot;npsnetherland&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nahcnetherland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Story of New Amsterdam|url=http://www.newamsterdamhistorycenter.org/bios/origins.html|publisher=New Amsterdam History Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

꯱꯶꯴꯷ ꯗꯥ ꯄꯤꯇꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯏꯚꯦꯁꯟꯇꯅꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯦꯗꯥꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯅꯦꯗꯥꯔꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯸,꯰꯰꯰ꯗꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯂꯀꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgnh3E5Mm0cC|title=The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America|publisher=[[Cornell University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmHEm5ohoCUC&amp;q=New+Amsterdam+grew+from+under+2,000+to+8,000&amp;pg=PA1051|title=The Encyclopedia of New York State|publisher=[[Syracuse University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯏꯚꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯂꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯠ ꯐꯪꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ; ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯥ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅꯥ ꯂꯤꯛꯌꯨꯏꯗ ꯌꯣꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯆꯠꯅ-ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯣꯅꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯈꯤ, ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯔꯤꯐꯣꯔꯃꯗ ꯁꯤꯡꯂꯨꯄꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯙꯔꯝꯃꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯄꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ( ꯀ꯭ꯕꯦꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯖꯨꯗꯤꯁꯤꯌꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯨꯊꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯅꯥ) ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;nyhsstuyvesant&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Stuyvesant|url=http://www.nyhistory.org/peter-stuyvesant|publisher=[[New-York Historical Society]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯗꯆ꯭ꯁ ꯋꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯅꯤꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯨꯏꯚꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯃꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯗꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;nnistuyvesant&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Stuyvesant|url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/peter-stuyvesant/|publisher=[[New Netherland Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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== ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ==
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      <text bytes="36588" sha1="s0v5b0q7pn626b8n7p5lg3xwaqq4jmh" xml:space="preserve">{{Transliterated|ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:ন্যু য়োর্ক্ সীতীগী য়ু.এস.|ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.|article=ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯌꯣꯔ꯭ꯛ ꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨ.ꯑꯦꯁ.|oldid=54235|reviewed=}}

'''নয়ু য়োর্ক্''' সীতী  নৎত্রগা মহৌসানা '''এন্. ৱাই. সী.''' হাইনা কৌবা ন্যুয়োর্ক্ অসী মালেম্গী খ্বাইদগী চাওবা মহৌসাগী ওইবা হীথাংফম্সীংগী মনুংদা অমা ওইরীবা ন্যু য়োক্ রাজ্যগী খা থংবা সরুক্তা লৈবা অমেরীকাদা খ্বাইদগী মীসীং য়াম্না লৈবা ময়োল্লম্ । সহরা অসীদা বোরো মঙা য়াওই, মখোই খুদীংমক্ মসাগী ওইবা কাওন্তী অমগা অমগা মরী লৈনৈ । মসী মালেম্গী ওইবা ময়োল্লম্ অমনী অমসুং ললোন্-ইতীক্, হক্সেল্গী চেক্সীন্ থৌরাং, সাইন্তীফীক্ ওইবা পোৎথোক্, লাইফা সাইন্সা,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCLifeSciencesCapital&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 50 science cities in life sciences|url=https://www.natureindex.com/supplements/nature-index-2020-science-cities/tables/life-sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCHealthCareLifeSciences&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-hochul-mayor-adams-announce-plan-sparc-kips-bay-first-its-kind-job-and-education-hub|title=Governor Hochul, Mayor Adams Announce Plan for SPARC Kips Bay, First-of-Its-Kind Job and Education Hub for Health and Life Sciences Innovation|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:State of New York|State of New York]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; রীসরা ্ চা, তেক্নোলোজী, মহৈ-মসীং, লৈঙাক্লোন্, লম্কোইবা, চীনজাক্ চাবা, কলা, ফীসন্ অমসুং সান্ন-খোৎনবসীং মরুওইবা ইথীল্ পীবা নাৎকী ওইবা, সেল্-থুম্গী ওইবা,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCFinancialCapitalWorldA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/China/219124.htm|title=Shanghai and New York--Similar, But Different|publisher=China.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; হাই-তেক্,&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkCityDestinationNumberOneTechHub&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/technology/new-york-closer-ever-beating-bay-area-tech|title=New York is closer than ever to beating the Bay Area on tech}}&lt;/ref&gt; এন্তরতেনমেন্ ্ তা অমসুং মীদীয়া সেন্তরা অমনী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkCapitaloftheWorld2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=When the World Called for a Capital|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/14/nyregion/when-the-world-called-for-a-capital.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCTheCapitaloftheWorld&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Epic of New York City: A Narrative History|publisher=Basic Books|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sx3RDQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA594}}&lt;/ref&gt; য়ুনাইতেদা নেসনগী হেদকা ্ ৱাতরসীং য়ুম্ ওইরীবা না ্ য়ু য়োরা ্ ক্ অসী মালেম্গী ওইবা লৈঙাক্লোন্ মরুওইবা মফম্ অমনী,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NYC Mayor's Office for International Affairs|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/ia/html/home/home.shtml|publisher=The City of New York}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=DDC New York|url=http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/|publisher=Digital Diplomacy Coalition, New York|access-date=2024-03-30|archive-date=2018-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180727142713/http://www.digidiplomats.org/newyork/|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; অমসুং মসীবু করীগুম্বা মতম্দা মালেম্গী খা ্ ৱাইদগী মরুওইবা সহর&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCWorld'sMostImportantCity2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/most-influential-cities-in-the-world-2018-5?amp|title=The 21 most influential cities in the world|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Business Insider|Business Insider]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; অমসুং মালেম্গী কোনুং ওইনা ফোংদোক্ই ।

২০২২দা মীসীং ৮,৩৩৫,৮৯৭ ওইদুনা {{Convert|300.46|sqmi|km2}} দা য়েন্থোকখী।&lt;ref name=&quot;QuickFacts&quot;&gt;[https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/3651000,36,00 QuickFacts for New York city, New York; New York; United States], [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:United States Census Bureau|United States Census Bureau]].&lt;/ref&gt; সহরা অসী অমেরীকাগী খ্বাইদগী মী য়াম্না তীনবা অচৌবা সহরনী । জাতী অসীগী অনীসুবা খ্বাইদগী মীসীং য়াম্না লৈবা সহরা লসা এনজেলসকী মীসীংগী সরুক্ অনী হেন্না ন্যু য়োরকতা লৈরী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusNYC&quot;&gt;[https://www.census.gov/history/www/homepage_archive/2023/january_2023.html U.S. Census Bureau History: New York City and the New Year], [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:United States Census Bureau|United States Census Bureau]].&lt;/ref&gt; ন্যু য়োরক্ অসী নোরথইস্ৎ মেগালোপোলীসা অমসুং ন্যু য়োরক্ মেৎরোপোলীতান্ এরীয়া অনীমক্কী জীওগ্রাফীকেল্ অমসুং দেমোগ্রাফীক্ সেন্তরনী, মীসীং অমসুং অরবান্ এরীয়া অনীমক্কী মতুং ইন্না য়ু.এস.কী খ্বাইদগী চাওবা মেৎরোপোলীতান্ এরীয়ানী । ২০২০ ফাওবদা মসীগী মেৎরোপোলীতান্ স্তেতীস্তীকেল্ এরীয়াদা মীওই মীলীয়ন্&lt;ref&gt;[https://data.census.gov/table?g=310XX00US35620 Census Data for the New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area], [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:United States Census Bureau|United States Census Bureau]].&lt;/ref&gt; হেন্না লৈবা অমসুং মসীগী অপুনবা স্তেতীস্তীকেল্ এরীয়াদা মীওই মীলীয়ন্ ২৩.৫ লৈবা ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতী অসী মালেমগী খ্বাইদগী মী য়াম্না তীনবা মেগাসীতীসীংগী মনুংদা অমনী ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.statsamerica.org/radius/big.aspx|title=Big Radius Tool: StatsAmerica|publisher=Indiana Business Research Center}}&lt;/ref&gt; ময়োল্লম্ অসী অমসুং মসীগী মেৎরোপোলীতান্ এরীয়া অসী অমেরীকাদা আইনগী ওইবা ইমীগ্রেসনগী মরুওইবা গেৎৱেনী । ন্যু য়োরকতা লোল্ ৮০০ রোম্ ঙাংনৈ,&lt;ref name=&quot;QueensMostLinguisticallyDiverse&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Queens has more languages than anywhere in the world—here's where they're found|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/queens-languages-map-2017-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; মসীনা মালেমদা খ্বাইদগী লীঙ্গুইস্তীক্ ওইবা সহরা ওইহল্লী । ২০২১দা ময়োল্লম্ অসী য়ু.এস.কী মপান্দা পোকপা মীওই মীলীয়ন্ ৩.১ রোমগী ময়ুম্ ওইরম্মী,&lt;ref name=&quot;CensusNYC&quot; /&gt; মালেম্গী ময়োল্লম্ অমৎতদগী মপান্দা পোকপা খ্বাইদগী চাওবা মীসীংনী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCHighestForeignBorn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=More Foreign-Born Immigrants Live in NYC Than There Are People in Chicago|url=https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/19/new-york-city-immigrants_n_4475197.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতীগী হৌরক্ফম্ ফোরৎ অমমস্তরদাম্ অমসুং চাওরাক্না ইং ১৬২৪দা দচ্সা কোলোনীস্তসীংনা মেনহাতন্ আইলেন্দগী খা থংবা সরুক্তা লীংখৎখীবা ত্রেদীং পোস্ৎ অমদগীনী । সেতলমেন্তা অসীগী মমীং ন্যু অমমস্তরদাম্  ১৬২৬তা থোকখী অমসুং ১৬৫৩দা সহরা অমা ওইনা চারতরা তৌখী । ময়োল্লম্ অসী ইং ১৬৬৪ দা ইংলীসকী কনৎরোল্ মখাদা লাক্খী অমসুং নীংথৌ চারলসা অনীনা মহাক্কী মরুপ্, দ্যুক্ ওফা য়োরকতা লম্সীং অদু পীরবা মতুংদা ন্যু য়োরক্ হায়না মমীং থোনখী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;npsnetherland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dutch Colonies|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:National Park Service|National Park Service]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ময়োল্লম্ অসী জুলাই ১৬৭৩দা মতম্ খরগী ওইনা দচ্সনা অমুক্ হন্না লৌসীনখী অমসুং মমীং ন্যু ওরেনজা হাইনা থোনখী; অদুম্ ওইনমক্, সহরা অসীগী মমীং নবেম্বরা ১৬৭৪দগী ন্যু য়োরক্ হায়না থোনখী । ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতী অসী ১৭৮৫দগী ১৭৯০ ফাওবা অমেরীকাগী কেপীতেল্ ওইখী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;senate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Nine Capitals of the United States|url=https://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/Nine_Capitals_of_the_United_States.htm|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:United States Senate|United States Senate]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; মোদরন্ সীতী অসী ১৮৯৮দা মসীগী বরো মঙা : মেনহাতন্, ব্রুকলীন্, কুইন্সা, দী ব্রোঙ্কসা, অমসুং স্তাতেন্ আইলেন্দা কন্সোলীদেসননা সেমখীবনী অমসুং মতম্ অদুদগী হৌনা য়ু.এস. ।

লোইরবা মেনহাতনগী ফাইনান্সীএল্ দীস্ৎরীক্ততা ৱাল্ স্ৎরীতনা এঙ্করা তৌবা ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতী অসী মালেম্গী মকোক্ থোংবা ফাইনান্সীএল্ অমসুং ফীনতেক্ সেন্তর&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCFinancialCapitalWorld&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-34-explore-the-data/gfci-34-rank/|title=The Global Financial Centres Index 34|accessdate=2024-03-30|archivedate=2023-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928132949/https://www.longfinance.net/programmes/financial-centre-futures/global-financial-centres-index/gfci-34-explore-the-data/gfci-34-rank/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/new-york-widens-lead-over-london-top-finance-centres-index-2022-03-24/|title=New York widens lead over London in top finance centres index}}&lt;/ref&gt; অমসুং মালেমগী খ্বাইদগী সেল্-থুমগী লম্দা খ্বাইদগী মপাঙ্গল্ কনবা ময়োল্লম্ অনীমক্ হাইনা কৌই ।&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkMostPowerfulGlobalCity&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Global Cities Report|url=https://www.kearney.com/global-cities/2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;ন্যু য়োরক্ মেৎরোপোলীতান্ এরীয়া অসী মালেমগী খ্বাইদগী চাওবা মেৎরোপোলীতান্ ইকোনোমীনী অমসুং মসীগী গ্রোসা মেৎরোপোলীতান্ প্রদক্তা অসী য়ু.এস&amp;nbsp;ত্রীলীয়ন্ ৪.&lt;ref name=&quot;bea.gov&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Gross Domestic Product by County and Metropolitan Area|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/release?et=&amp;pageID=2&amp;rid=397&amp;t=|periodical=fred.stlouisfed.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fred.stlouisfed.org&quot;&gt;{{Citation|title=Total Gross Domestic Product for New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA (MSA)|url=https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/NGMP35620 |periodical=fred.stlouisfed.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; করীগুম্বা ন্যু য়োরক্ মেৎরোপোলীতান্ এরীয়া অসী [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:মনীং তম্বা লৈপাক্|মসাগী লৈবাক্]] ওইরম্লবদী, মসীনা মালেমদা খ্বাইদগী চাওবা সেনমীৎলোনগী সরুক্ তরানীপাল্ লৈরম্গনী । ময়োল্লম্ অসী মখোইগী লীস্ৎ তৌরবা কম্পেনীসীংগী মারকেৎ কেপীতেলাইজেসনগী মতুং ইন্না মালেমগী খ্বাইদগী চাওবা স্তোক্ একচেনজা অনীগী ময়ুম্ ওইরী: ন্যু য়োরক্ স্তোক্ একচেনজা অমসুং নাসদাক্ । ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতী অসী মালেম্গী ইনভেস্তরসীংগীদমক্তা লীংখৎলক্লীবা সাফবা মফম্ অমনী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCSafeHavenGlobalInvestors&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.propertyinvestortoday.co.uk/breaking-news/2016/12/international-investors-eye-new-york-as-safe-haven|title=International investors eye New York as safe haven|accessdate=2024-03-30|archivedate=2023-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103153122/https://www.propertyinvestortoday.co.uk/breaking-news/2016/12/international-investors-eye-new-york-as-safe-haven}}&lt;/ref&gt; As of 2023 &lt;/link&gt;&lt;/link&gt;, ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতী অসী মালেম্দা এক্সপাৎরীয়েৎসীংনা হীংনবগী খ্বাইদগী মমল্ য়াম্লবা ময়োল্লম্ । &lt;ref name=&quot;MostExpensiveCityExpats&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2023/06/08/nyc-overtakes-hong-kong-as-most-expensive-city-in-world-for-expats-eca.html|title=New York overtakes Hong Kong as the most expensive city in the world for expats, new survey shows}}&lt;/ref&gt; ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতী অসী খ্বাইদগী য়াম্না বীলীয়নরা, অলৎরা-হাই নেৎ ৱরক্ (য়ু.এস. দোলরা মীলীয়ন্ ৩০দগী হেন্না) লৈবা মীওইসীং,&lt;ref name=&quot;NYCUltraHighNetWorth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/03/14/top-10-cities-where-the-super-rich-own-homes.html|title=These are the top 10 cities where the 'super-rich' own homes — 6 are in the U.S.}}&lt;/ref&gt; অমসুং মালেম্গী ময়োল্লম্ অমৎতগী মীলীয়নরসীংগী ময়ুম্নী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;NewYorkArtMarketGlobalHeadquarters&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The New York Art Market Report|url=https://nyartmarket.independenthq.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

১৬৬৪দা ন্যু য়োরক্কী মমীং য়োরক্কী দ্যুক্ (মতুংদা ইংলেন্দগী নীংথৌ জেমসা অনীসুবা )গী ইকায়া খুম্নবা ওইনা থোনখী ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html|title=1664 New Amsterdam becomes New York Dutch rulers surrender to England|first=Etta|last=Badoe|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Queens Chronicle|Queens Chronicle]]|date=November 11, 2015|access-date=March 30, 2024|archive-date=February 1, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201120328/https://www.qchron.com/editions/queenswide/new-amsterdam-becomes-new-york/article_dd6e910f-a882-5b2e-9771-a2caa1574e07.html|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; জেম্সকী অচৌবা মরুপ্ নীংথৌ চারলসা ।, ইংলেন্দগী নীংথৌ লৈবাক্না দচ্সা কন্ত্রোলদগী লৌথোক্খীবা মতম্দা ন্যু অমমস্তরদাম্ ময়োল্লম্ য়াওনা ন্যু নেদারলেন্দগী হান্নগী লমদম্ অদুগী প্রোপরতী ওইনা দ্যুকপু হাপ্খী ।&lt;ref name=&quot;Archdeacon2013a&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Thomas J.|last=Archdeacon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9bTxAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT19|title=New York City, 1664–1710: Conquest and Change|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Cornell University Press|Cornell University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== পুৱারী ==

=== অঙন্বা পুৱারী ===
কোলম্বীয়াগী মমাংগী মতম্দা হৌজীক্ লৈরীবা ন্যু য়োরক্ সীতীগী মফম্ অসী লেনাপে য়াওনা অলগোনকীয়ানসীংনা লৈরম্মী । মখোইগী ময়ুম্ লেনাপেহোকীং হাইনা খংনবা মফম্ অদুদা হৌজীক্ লৈরীবা স্তাতেন্ আইলেন্দা, মেনহাতন্, ব্রোঙ্কসা, লোং আইলেন্দগী ৱেস্তরন্ সরুক্ ( ব্রুকলীন্ অমসুং কুইনসা য়াওনা) অমসুং লোয়রবা হদসন্ ভেলী য়াওখী । &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Evan T.|last=Pritchard|year=2002|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5hky9f5PgoC&amp;pg=PA27|title=Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin people of New York|page=27|publisher=Council Oak Books|isbn=1-57178-107-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

য়ুরোপীয়ন্ অমনা ন্যু য়োরক্ হারবরদা অহানবা ওইনা দোকুমেন্তা তৌরবা খোঙচৎ অদু ১৫২৪দা ফ্রান্সকী ক্রাওনগী সেবাদা ফ্লোরেন্সকী এক্সপ্লোরেতরা অমা ওইরীবা জীওভানী দা ভেরাজানোনা চৎখী । &lt;ref name=&quot;Debo2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Angie|last=Debo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pLjYpwiuN_wC&amp;pg=PT28|title=A History of the Indians of the United States|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:University of Oklahoma Press|University of Oklahoma Press]]|year=2013|isbn=978-0-8061-8965-9|page=28}}&lt;/ref&gt; মহাক্না মফম্ অদু ফ্রান্সকীদমক্ ক্লেম্ তৌখী অমসুং মদুগী মমীং ''নোভেল্ এঙ্গুলেম্'' ( New Angoulême ) হায়না থোনখী। &lt;ref name=&quot;rodgers&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rankin|first=Rebecca B.|url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.226262|title=New York: The World's Capital City, Its Development and Contributions to Progress|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Harper (publisher)|Harper]]|year=1948}}&lt;/ref&gt; স্পেনগী এক্সপীদীসন্ অমা, পোরতুগীজা কেপ্তেন্ এস্তেভাও গোমেসনা লুচীংদুনা ইম্পারতরা চারলসকীদমক্ চেনখী।&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span typeof=&quot;mw:Entity&quot; id=&quot;mw5Q&quot;&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;V, জনুৱারী ১৫২৫ দা ন্যু ইয়রক্ হারবরদা লাকখী অমসুং হদসন্ তুরেলগী মনাক্তা চারৎ তৌখী, মদু মহাক্না {{Lang|es|Río de San Antonio}} হায়না মমীং থোনখী।&lt;/link&gt; (‘সেন্তা এন্থোনীগী তুরেল্’)। &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=WPA Writer's Project|title=A Maritime History of New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o08K8jlMI-IC|page=246|publisher=Going Coastal Productions|year=2004|isbn=0-9729803-1-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

১৬০৯ দা ইংলীসা এক্সপ্লোরেতরা হেনরী হদসননা দচ্সা ইস্ৎ ইন্দীয়া কম্পেনীগীদমক্ ওরীএন্তকী নোরথৱেস্ৎ পেসেজা থীবা মতম্দা ন্যু য়োরক্ হারবরা অমুক্ হন্না থীজীনখী । &lt;ref name=&quot;Lankevich2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/newyorkcity00geor|title=New York City: A Short History}}&lt;/ref&gt; মহাক্ মখা তানা দচ্সনা নোরথা রীভরা (হৌজীক্ হদসন্ তুরেল্) হাইনা কৌবা লম্দম্ অদুদা চৎখী, মদু হদসন্না অহান্বদা ''মোরীসস'' , প্রীন্সা ওফা ওরেনজগী মমীং থোনখী । হদসনগী অহান্বা মেৎনা হীথাংফম্ অসীবু “নুংসীৎ পুম্নমক্কীদমক্ য়াম্না ফবা হারবরা অমনী” অমসুং তুরেল্ অসীবু “মাইল্ অমা পাক্পা” অমসুং “ঙানা থল্লবা” হাইনা ফোংদোক্খী । &lt;ref name=&quot;hudsonnni&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Hudson River|url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/hudson-river/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

হদসন্না লমদম্ অসী দচ্সা ইস্ৎ ইন্দীয়া কম্পেনীগীদমক্ ক্লেম্ তৌখী । ১৬১৪দা কেপ্ কোদা অমসুং দেলাওরা বেগী মরক্তা লৈবা মফম্ অদু নেদারলেন্দনা লৌসীনখী অমসুং মদুবু ন্যু ইয়রক্ সীতী ওইরক্খীবা মফম্ অদুগী অহানবা নন্-নেতীবা অমেরীকাগী মীওই অদুদী জুয়ান্ রোদ্রীগেজনী, মহাক্ ইং ১৬১৩–১৪ গী নোংজু থাগী মতম্দা মেনহাতনদা লাক্খীবা, লমদম্ অদুগী মীয়াম্গা ললোন্ -ইতীক্ তৌরক্খী, দচ্সা কোলোনীস্তসীংগী মীহুৎ অমা ওইনা ।  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=October 2, 2012|title=Honoring a Very Early New Yorker|url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/10/02/honoring-a-very-early-new-yorker/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=May 14, 2013|title=CUNY DSI Publishes Monograph on New York's First Immigrant|url=https://www.ccny.cuny.edu/news/juan-rodriguez-monograph|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:The City College of New York|The City College of New York]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== দচ্সকী লৈঙাক্ ===
&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tmulti tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner multiimageinner&quot; style=&quot;width:224px;max-width:224px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:222px;max-width:222px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:Stad_Amsterdam_in_Nieuw_Nederland_(City_Amsterdam_in_New_Netherland)_Castello_Plan_1660.jpg|alt=|220x220px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; কেসতেলো প্লান্, [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Lower Manhattan|লোয়রবা মেনহাতনগী]] [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:New Amsterdam|ন্যু]] অমমস্তরদা লৈবা ১৬৬০গী মেপ্ অমনী ।&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;trow&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;tsingle&quot; style=&quot;width:222px;max-width:222px&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;&gt;[[File:GezichtOpNieuwAmsterdam.jpg|alt=|220x220px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt;[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:New Amsterdam|অরোইবদা লোয়রা মেনহাতন্ ওইরকখীবা মফম্ অদুদা কেন্দ্রা ওইবা ন্যু অমমস্তরদাম্]], ইং ১৬৬৪ দা [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:British colonization of the Americas|ইংলেন্দনা]] কনৎরোল্ তৌখীবা চহী অদুদা ন্যু য়োরক্ হাইনা মমীং থোনখী ।&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;ন্যু য়োরক্ হারবরগী মনাক্তা মতম্ চুপ্পগী ওইনা য়ুরোপীয়ন্ প্রেজেন্সা অমা ১৬২৪দা লীংখৎখী, মসীনা ন্যু য়োরক্ অসী কন্তীনেন্তল্ য়ুনাইতেদা স্তেতসতা লেপ্তনা য়ুরোপীয়নসীংনা লীংখৎখীবা খ্বাইদগী অরীবা সেতলমেন্তা অমা ওইহনখী, মসীদা গভরনরসা আইলেন্দদা দচ্সা ফরা ত্রেদীং সেতলমেন্তা অমা লীংখৎখী । ১৬২৫দা হৌজীক্ লৈরীবা মেনহাতন্ আইলেন্দদা লৈবা সীতাদেল্ অমা অমসুং ফোরৎ অমমস্তরদাম্, মতুংদা ''নীও এম্স্তরদাম্'' (ন্যু অমমস্তরদাম্) হাইনা কৌবা, সাবা হৌখী । &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/kingston/colonization.htm Dutch Colonies], [[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:National Park Service|National Park Service]]. &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Tolerance&quot;&gt;[http://www.tolerancepark.org/id2.html GovIsland Park-to-Tolerance: through Broad Awareness and Conscious Vigilance], Tolerance Park. &lt;/ref&gt;

ন্যু অমমস্তরদামগী কোলোনী অসী লোয়রা মেনহাতন্ ওইরক্খীবা মফম্ অদুদা কেন্দ্রা ওইখী । মসীগী মফম্ অসী মেনহাতনগী খা থংবা সরুক্তগী হৌজীক্ মতম্গী ৱাল্ স্ৎরীৎ ফাওবা সাংদোক্খী, মফম্ অদুদা {{Convert|12|ft}} নেতীবা অমেরীকান্ অমসুং ইংলীসা রেইদসীংদগী ঙাক্থোক্নবা ১৬৫৩দা উগী স্তোকেদা সাখী । &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/crash-selected-wall-street-chronology/|title=Timeline: A selected Wall Street chronology|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:PBS|PBS]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ১৬২৬তা দচ্সা কোলোনীএল্ দাইরেক্তর-জেনেরেল্ পীতরা মীনুইৎ, দচ্সা ৱেস্ৎ ইন্দীয়া কম্পেনীনা চারজা তৌরকপগী মতুং ইন্না থবক্ তৌরম্বা ''মেনহাতনগী'' আইলেন্দা অসী অপীকপা লেনাপে বেন্দা অমা ওইরীবা কেনারসীদগী  “ গীল্দরা ৬০গী মমল্” &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.s4ulanguages.com/laet2.html|title=Pieter Schaghen Letter}}&lt;/ref&gt; গী মমল্দা লৌখী । (২০১৮দা চাওরাক্না দোলরা ৯০০)। &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Value of the Guilder versus Euro|url=http://www.iisg.nl/hpw/calculate.php|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:International Institute of Social History|International Institute of Social History]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; চাং নাইনা হাইরক্পা অদুবু অরান্বা ৱাফম্ অমনা হাইরী মদুদী মেনহাতন্ অসী দোলরা ২৪গী মমল্ ওইবা গ্লাসা বীদসীংদা লৌখীবনী । &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Schaghen Letter|url=http://www.nnp.org/nnp/documents/schagen_main.html|publisher=Nnp.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Christopher L.|last2=Hamell|first2=George R.|date=September 1986|title=A New Perspective on Indian-White Contact: Cultural Symbols and Colonial Trade|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-american-history_1986-09_73_2/page/311|journal=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:The Journal of American History|The Journal of American History]]|volume=73|issue=2|pages=311–328|doi=10.2307/1908224|jstor=1908224}}&lt;/ref&gt;

য়োন্বা অসীগী মতুংদা ন্যু অমমস্তরদা তপ্না তপ্না চাওখৎলক্খী । &lt;ref name=&quot;npsnetherland&quot;/&gt; সেতলরসীংবু পুক্নীং চীংসীন্নবা, দচ্সনা পেৎরোন্ সীস্তেম্ অসী ১৬২৮দা লীংখৎখী, মদুদা কোলোনীস্ৎ ৫০ রোম্ ন্যু নেদারলেন্দদা পুরকখীবা সেল্ থুম্গী মীওইসীং ( ''পেৎরোন্'', নৎরগা পেৎরোনসীং ) না মফম্ অদুগী রাজনীতীগী ওইবা ওতোনোমী অমসুং সেল্ য়াম্না তানবা ফরা ত্রেদতা সরুক্ য়াবগী হক্সীংগা লোইননা লম্ কয়া পীগনী ।  প্রোগ্রাম্ অসীনা মাই পাক্পা য়াম্না নেম্মী । &lt;ref name=&quot;locnetherland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Patroon System|url=http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Library of Congress|Library of Congress]]|accessdate=2024-03-30|archivedate=2022-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220319082007/http://frontiers.loc.gov/intldl/awkbhtml/kb-1/kb-1-2-2.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

১৬২১দগী হৌনা দচ্সা ৱেস্ৎ ইন্দীয়া কম্পেনী অসী ন্যু নেদারলেন্দদা মোনোপোলী ওইনা থবক্ তৌরক্খী, মসী দচ্সা স্তেৎ জেনেরেলনা পীবা ওথোরীতীগী মতুং ইন্না । ১৬৩৯–১৬৪০দা সেল্-থুমগী চাওখৎপা হেনগৎহন্নবা হোৎনবদা, দচ্সা ৱেস্ৎ ইন্দীয়া কম্পেনীনা ফরা ত্রেদকী মতাংদা মখোইগী মোনোপোলীতী থাদোক্খী, মদুনা মরম্ ওইদুনা চানবা, লৌও-সীংও, তম্বা, অমসুং লানমীসীং (মরুওইনা দচ্সা ৱেস্ৎ ইন্দীজগা লোয়ননা) পুথোক্পা অমসুং ললোন্-ইতীক্ তৌবদা হেনগৎলক্খী । ) &lt;ref name=&quot;npsnetherland&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nahcnetherland&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Story of New Amsterdam|url=http://www.newamsterdamhistorycenter.org/bios/origins.html|publisher=New Amsterdam History Center}}&lt;/ref&gt;

১৬৪৭ দা পীতরা স্তুইভেসন্তনা ন্যু নেদারলেন্দগী অরোইবা দাইরেক্তরা জেনরেল্ ওইনা মহাক্কী মতম্ হৌখী। মহাক্কী মতমদা ন্যু নেদারলেন্দগী মীসীং অসী ২০০০দগী ৮,০০০দা হেনগৎলকখী। &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vgnh3E5Mm0cC|title=The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Cornell University Press|Cornell University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tmHEm5ohoCUC&amp;q=New+Amsterdam+grew+from+under+2,000+to+8,000&amp;pg=PA1051|title=The Encyclopedia of New York State|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:Syracuse University Press|Syracuse University Press]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; স্তুইভেসেন্তা অসী কোলোনী অসীদা লো অমসুং ওরদরা ফগৎহনবগী ক্রেদীৎ ফংখ্রে; অদুম্ ওইনমক্ মহাক্ দীস্পোতীক্ লুচীংবা অমা ওইনা মমীং চৎখী। মহাক্না লীক্য়ুইদা য়োনবগী মতাংদা চৎন-কাংলোনসীং সেমখী, দচ্সা রীফোরমদা সীংলুপকী মথক্তা কনৎরোল্ তৌনবা হোৎনখী, অমসুং অতৈ ধরম্মগী লুপসীংবু ( ক্বেকরসীং, জুদীসীয়রীসীং অমসুং লুথরবা মীওইসীং য়াওনা) লাইনীং লম্বী সেম্বদা থীংখী। &lt;ref name=&quot;nyhsstuyvesant&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Stuyvesant|url=http://www.nyhistory.org/peter-stuyvesant|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:New-York Historical Society|New-York Historical Society]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; দচ্সা ৱেস্ৎ ইন্দীয়া কম্পেনীনা স্তুইভেসেন্তা অমসুং ন্যু অমমস্তরদামগী মীওইসীংগী মরক্তা তেন্সন্ হন্থহন্নবা হোৎনখী। &lt;ref name=&quot;nnistuyvesant&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Peter Stuyvesant|url=http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/dutch_americans/peter-stuyvesant/|publisher=[[ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ:New Netherland Institute|New Netherland Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images|Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images]]
== মতেং লৌরক্ফম্ ==
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''' ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ''' ꯀꯦ. ꯁꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯀꯦ. ꯁꯤ, ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. (꯱꯳ ꯃꯦ ꯱꯸꯵꯷-꯱꯶ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯹꯳꯲) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯲ꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯣꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯗ [[ꯀꯥꯡ (ꯇꯤꯜ)|ꯀꯥꯡ]] ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯟꯇꯦꯁꯇꯤꯅꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯠ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ 

ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯏꯈꯤꯕ, ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯩꯔꯥꯡꯕ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯆꯍꯤ 25 ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯂꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯱꯰ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯌꯔꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯆꯠꯊꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯶ꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯏꯟ-ꯆꯤꯐ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;kakk&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sir Ronald Ross (1857–1932)|url=http://www.malariasite.com/malaria/ross.htm|publisher=Dr. B.S. Kakkilaya's Malaria Web Site|accessdate=2024-10-08|archivedate=2013-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130319081450/http://www.malariasite.com/malaria/ross.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ ==
ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯜꯃꯣꯔꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯅꯦꯄꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯅ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ-ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯤꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯔ ꯀꯦꯝꯕꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯦ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯠ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯇꯤꯜꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯣꯠ ꯑꯦꯜꯗꯔꯇꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯅꯤꯄꯥꯟ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯕꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯄꯥꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯋꯤꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯔꯥꯏꯗꯦ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯇꯝꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯖꯨꯀꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯶꯹ꯗ ꯁꯥ[[ꯁꯥꯎꯊꯑꯦꯝꯞꯇꯟ|ꯁꯥꯎꯊꯝꯞꯇꯣꯟ]] ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯡꯍꯤꯜꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯣꯔꯗꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜꯗ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ, ꯏꯁꯩ-ꯅꯣꯡꯃꯥꯏ, ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯡꯀꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯃꯥꯖꯅ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯡꯀꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯣꯔꯕ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯦꯚꯦꯟ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯥꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯡꯀꯗ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯸꯷꯳ꯗ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯇꯔꯨꯛ ꯁꯨꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯑꯣꯛ꯭ꯁꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯖ ꯂꯣꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯥꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯗ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Sir Ronald|url=https://archive.org/details/b29825738|title=Memoirs with a full account of The Great Malaria Problem and its Solution|publisher=John Murray|year=1923|location=Albemarle Street, W. London|page=[https://archive.org/details/b29825738/page/24 24]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯷꯴ꯗ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯕꯥꯔꯊꯣꯂꯣꯃꯤꯎꯁ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖꯗ ꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯟꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯗꯕꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯏꯁꯩ ꯁꯩꯔꯥꯡꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯝꯕꯥꯛ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯦꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯰ꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯷꯹ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯔꯖꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯄꯣꯊꯤꯀꯔꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯦꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯑꯦꯇꯜꯦꯟꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯖꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯱ꯗ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯔꯃꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯊꯥ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯱ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯜ ꯵ꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁ ꯁꯔꯖꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯱꯸꯸꯸ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦ ꯱꯸꯸꯹ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯔꯖꯟꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯃꯥ ꯏꯟ ꯄꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯍꯦꯜꯊ ꯐꯪꯅꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯗꯤ ꯂꯤꯞ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯏ. ꯏ. ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯟ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ross and the Discovery that Mosquitoes Transmit Malaria Parasites|url=https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/history/ross.html|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=8 February 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ==

=== ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ===
ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯱ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯲꯲ꯗ ''ꯖꯨꯝꯃꯥ'' ꯂꯥꯟꯃꯤꯒꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖꯗ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯱ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯸꯹꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ, ꯃꯧꯜꯃꯦꯏꯟ (ꯕꯔꯃꯥ/[[ꯑꯋꯥ ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ|ꯃ꯭ꯌꯥꯟꯃꯥꯔ]]) ꯕꯂꯨꯆꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯟ, ꯑꯟꯗꯃꯥꯟ ꯑꯥꯏꯂꯦꯟꯗ, ꯕꯦꯡ꯭ꯒꯂꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗꯔꯕꯥꯗ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯄꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯸꯸꯳ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯕꯦꯡ꯭ꯒꯂꯨꯔꯨꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯒꯦꯔꯤꯁꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯆꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯇꯤ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯗ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯴ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯜ ꯱꯰ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯔ ꯄꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯗ ꯎꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯵ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯲꯰ꯗ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯖꯍꯥꯖ ''ꯕꯜꯂꯥꯔꯥꯠ'' ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯍꯜꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯜ ꯲꯴ꯗ ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗꯔꯕꯥꯗꯇ ꯌꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯁꯇꯝ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯒꯦꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅ ꯅꯥꯔꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯦ ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯜ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯗ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯨꯝꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫

==== ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯊꯤꯕ ====
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ross,_20.Aug.1897.jpg|right|thumb| ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯕꯨꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ &quot;ꯄꯤꯒꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯠ ꯕꯣꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ&quot; ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫]]
ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯵ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦ ꯊꯥꯗ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯕꯨꯛ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯔꯥ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯨꯔꯨꯗ ꯊꯥꯈꯤꯕꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯕꯦꯡꯒꯂꯨꯔꯨꯗ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯗ &quot;ꯑꯩ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 'ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯜꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯎꯇꯤ ꯍꯤꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯤꯒꯨꯔ ꯗꯥꯠꯇ ꯆꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯐꯛꯂꯥꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯗꯅ &quot;ꯗꯞꯂꯗ-ꯋꯤꯡ꯭ꯒ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ&quot; ꯀꯥꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯶ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯎꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯨꯇꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯤꯅꯥꯏꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯂꯦꯛꯁ꯭ꯁ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯧꯔꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯥꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯖꯨꯟꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯁꯦꯀꯟꯗꯔꯕꯥꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Dutta|first=A.|year=2009|title=Where Ronald Ross (1857–1932) worked: the discovery of malarial transmission and the Plasmodium life cycle|journal=Journal of Medical Biography|volume=17|issue=2|pages=120–122|doi=10.1258/jmb.2009.009004|pmid=19401518}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ, ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯜꯂꯕ ꯂꯥꯔꯕꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯔꯕ &quot;ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟ&quot; ꯀꯥꯡ ꯲꯰ ꯌꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯍꯨꯁꯦꯟ ꯈꯥꯟ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯟꯅꯥ ꯸ (ꯏꯅ ꯊꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯃ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜꯗ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ  ꯲꯰ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯎꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ &quot;ꯗꯞꯂꯗ-ꯋꯤꯡ꯭ꯁ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯅꯁ ''ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯐꯤꯂꯦꯁ'' ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠꯇ, ꯑꯣꯒꯁ  ꯲꯱ꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯏꯗꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯒꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ  ꯲꯷ꯗ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯒꯦꯖꯦꯠꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ ''ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯖꯔꯅꯦꯜ'' ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯨꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯅꯨꯡꯊꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯈꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯏꯈꯤ (ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤꯗ ꯑꯣꯒꯁꯠ ꯲꯲ꯗ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯠ ꯈꯔꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ): &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A Dictionary of Scientific Quotations|year=2001|publisher=IOP Publishing Ltd|location=Bristol|isbn=9780750301060|pages=209–210|edition=2, Reprinted|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KwESE88CGa8C}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Plaque_(1)_of_Ronald_Ross_Memorial,_Kolkata.jpg|thumb|ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔ꯭ꯌꯦꯜꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ]]
&lt;blockquote&gt;ꯉꯁꯤꯗꯤ ꯈꯣꯌꯨꯝ ꯍꯥꯊꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯇ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯂꯝꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯏꯗ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯌꯥꯊꯪ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ, ꯏꯔꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯑꯩ ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯤꯌꯣꯏ ꯂꯥꯈ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯍꯥꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ ꯫ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯦꯕ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ꯑꯣ ꯗꯦꯊ, ꯑꯗꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ?ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ, ꯑꯣ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ ?&lt;/blockquote&gt;

==== ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄ ====
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Sir_R._Ross_on_steps_of_laboratory_in_Calcutta,_1898_Wellcome_L0011943.jpg|right|thumb| ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯀꯅꯤꯡꯍꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ, ꯃꯤꯁꯦꯁ ꯔꯣꯁ, ꯃꯍꯥꯃꯦꯗ ꯕꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯇꯦꯡꯕꯥꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯫]]
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯕꯨ ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯦꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯔꯥꯖꯄꯨꯇꯥꯅꯥ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ [[ꯔꯥꯖꯁ꯭ꯊꯥꯟ|ꯔꯥꯖꯁꯊꯥꯟ]]) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯈꯦꯔꯋꯥꯔꯥ ꯊꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯤꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯗꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯥꯎꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯍꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯅ &quot;ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤ&quot; ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯸꯹꯸ꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯱꯷ꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯄꯤ. ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯍꯣꯁ ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ) ꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯀꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯗ (ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ) ꯌꯧꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯤꯁꯔꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯁ (ꯃꯁꯤꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯥꯂꯥ ꯑꯖꯥꯔꯁꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯁꯔꯖꯟ-ꯂꯦꯐꯇꯦꯅꯦꯟ꯭ꯇ-ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯀꯅꯤꯡꯍꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯅꯥꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯈꯨꯗꯛꯇ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯅꯗ ꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯪ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯕꯡꯒ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯈꯨꯡꯒꯪꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯈꯣꯝꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ-ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯃꯦꯗ (ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯨꯍꯃꯗ ꯕꯛ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯔꯕꯨꯅꯥ) ꯕꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ (ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯟꯐꯝ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯜꯀꯠꯇꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ, ꯔꯁ꯭ꯌꯥꯗ ꯚꯦꯁꯤꯂꯤ ꯗꯥꯅꯤꯂꯦꯎꯁ꯭ꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯋꯤꯂ꯭ꯌꯝ ꯖꯣꯔ꯭ꯖ ꯃꯦꯛꯀꯂꯝ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ &quot;ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯕꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯇꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯇ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯎꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ross|first=Ronald|title=Report on the cultivation of protesoma, Labbé, in grey mosquitoes|year=1898|publisher=Superintendent of Govt. Printing|location=Calcutta|pages=1–2|url=http://digital.nls.uk/74580818}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ (ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯸ꯒꯤ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯅꯥꯔꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯔꯣꯁ) ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯣꯁꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯴ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯈꯪꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯖꯨꯂꯥꯏ ꯸ ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯂꯤꯕꯔꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ (ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁ) ꯅꯥꯔꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯔꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯣꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ, ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯀ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(08)00401-6|title=Reflections on a Century of Malaria Biochemistry|year=2008|last=Sherman|first=Irwin W.|volume=67|pages=1–402}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯸ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯚꯤꯁꯔꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯁꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯩꯅꯅꯕ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡ-ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯈꯥ ꯊꯪꯕ [[ꯑꯁꯥꯝ]] ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯛ ꯇꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯍꯝ ꯀꯣꯔꯜ ꯚꯤꯜ ꯔꯥꯝꯁꯦꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯀꯧꯈꯤ ꯫  (ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯗꯥꯛ-ꯂꯥꯡꯊꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯊꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯗ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯂꯥ-ꯑꯖꯥꯔ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ (ꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯃꯅꯤꯌꯥ ꯗꯣꯅꯣꯋꯥꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯳ꯗ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯃꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅ ꯃꯥꯏꯊꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ''ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯐꯤꯂꯦꯁ ꯔꯣꯁꯤ'' (ꯖꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯒꯤꯜꯁꯅ ꯄꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ) ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯫  (ꯀꯂꯥ ꯑꯖꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯐ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯈꯪꯂꯦ ꯫

=== ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟꯗ ===
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ronald_Ross_18_Cavendish_Square_blue_plaque.jpg|thumb|ꯕ꯭ꯂꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ, ꯱꯸ ꯀꯦꯚꯦꯟꯗꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯌꯔ, ꯂꯟꯗꯟ]]
ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯹ꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯂꯤꯗ ꯂꯦꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯅꯕ ꯏꯪꯂꯦꯟꯗ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯋꯦꯁ  ꯑꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯥ, ꯁꯨꯌꯦꯖ ꯀꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯖꯣꯟ, [[ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ]], [[ꯃꯥꯎꯔꯤꯇꯤꯌꯁ|ꯃꯣꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯁ]], [[ꯁꯤꯄ꯭ꯔꯁ|ꯁꯥꯏꯄ꯭ꯔꯁ]], ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯊꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯚꯥꯔꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯔꯤꯂꯪꯀꯥꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒ ꯂꯥꯟꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯄ ꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯲ꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯕꯨ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯅꯕꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯣꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯲ꯗ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯀꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯲ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯲ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯡ꯭ꯁ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯌꯔ ꯄꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯋꯥꯔ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗ ꯀꯟꯁꯜꯇꯦꯟ  ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯱꯹꯱꯷ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯕꯦꯝꯕꯔꯗ ꯊꯦꯁꯂꯣꯅꯤꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯗ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯆꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯗ, &quot;ꯂꯤꯎꯀꯥꯗꯤꯌꯟ ꯔꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯝꯅ ꯀꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ (ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁꯐꯣ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯄꯨꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ) &quot; ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯖꯍꯥꯖ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯣꯔꯤꯄꯣꯗꯦꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯗꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯟꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯸ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯲꯶ꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯨꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯃꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯀꯟꯁꯜꯇꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯗꯦꯃꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯡꯀꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯸ꯗ ꯃꯣꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔ꯭ꯠꯇ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯗ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯰ꯗ (꯱꯹꯱꯱ꯗ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯏꯗꯤꯁꯟ) ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯱꯶ꯗ ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯄꯦꯄꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ-ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯗꯦꯃꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯟꯇꯤꯁꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯌꯟ ꯍꯤꯜꯗꯥ ꯍꯗꯁꯟ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯞꯗꯤꯃꯤꯌꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯃꯥꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ ꯃꯥꯊꯃꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯲ꯗ ꯍꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯄꯗ ꯁꯔ ꯋꯤꯂ꯭ꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯁꯂꯔ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯳ꯗ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯁꯦꯛꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯚꯥꯏꯞ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯳ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯱꯷ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯔ ꯑꯦꯗꯋꯤꯟ ꯗꯔꯅꯤꯡ-ꯂꯣꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯈꯔ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯒꯤ ꯱ ꯋꯤꯝꯄꯣꯂꯦ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯁ ꯕꯦꯛ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯨꯆꯤꯡꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Nye1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Ronald Ross: Malariologist and Polymath: A Biography|date=1997|publisher=Springer|location=Basingstoke|isbn=978-0-230-37754-7|pages=261–276|language=en|chapter=16. Ross and the Royal Society of Medicine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯔꯣꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯁꯤꯡ ====
ꯔꯣꯁ ꯏꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯖꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯶ꯇ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯠꯅꯤ ꯍꯤꯊ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯇꯤꯕꯦꯠꯁ ꯀꯣꯔꯅꯔꯒ ꯅꯛꯅꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯤꯄꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯕꯥꯊ ꯍꯥꯎꯁꯇ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯋꯦꯜꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯃꯆꯥ, ꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯀꯗꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯸ꯁꯨꯕꯅ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯏꯟ-ꯆꯤꯐꯀꯤ ꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯞꯄꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯕꯥꯊ ꯍꯥꯎꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ ꯇꯥꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯄꯨꯒꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯀꯣꯔꯠ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯝꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯀꯣꯇꯦꯖ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫

== ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ronald_Ross_4.jpg|thumb|ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ]]
ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯆꯀꯥꯏꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯅꯠꯇꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯎꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥꯅ ꯅꯥꯔꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯅ ꯀꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯚꯤꯌꯟ ''ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯣꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯔꯤꯂꯤꯛꯇꯝ'' ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯇ ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯨꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯖꯣꯋꯥꯅꯤ ꯕꯠꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯐꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯀꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯇꯥꯡꯀꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯊꯪꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤꯗ ''ꯄꯤ. ꯐꯦꯜꯁꯤꯄꯥꯔꯝ'', ''ꯄꯤ. ꯚꯤꯚꯦꯛꯁ'' ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯤ. ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯊꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Cox 2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cox|first=Francis E.G.|year=2010|title=History of the discovery of the malaria parasites and their vectors|journal=Parasites &amp; Vectors|volume=3|issue=1|pages=5|doi=10.1186/1756-3305-3-5|pmc=2825508|pmid=20205846|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ 1꯱꯹꯰꯲ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯅ ꯈꯪꯍꯧꯗꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯖꯥ-ꯊꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯥꯜ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯇ ꯇꯥꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯔꯕꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤꯕ ꯔꯣꯕꯔꯠ ꯀꯣꯆ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈꯤ, &quot;ꯀꯣꯆꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ ꯫&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Esch GW|title=Parasites and Infectious Disease: Discovery by Serendipity and Otherwise|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88RH-7br9OAC|pages=137–138|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-1394-6-4109}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯕ ==
ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯛꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯡꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ &quot;ꯏꯝꯄꯜꯁꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯟ&quot; ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ &quot;ꯏꯝꯄꯜꯁꯤꯁꯕ ꯖꯤꯅ꯭ꯌꯁ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯂꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯔꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ, ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯃꯤꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅ ꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯨꯝ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯖꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯒ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀ ꯂꯟꯅꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯦꯛꯅꯕ ꯊꯝꯈꯤꯕꯗꯨ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡꯂꯣꯏ ꯄꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯅ ꯂꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯇꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯔ ꯄꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯣꯟ (꯱꯹꯳꯰) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯍꯣꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯊꯨꯝ ꯋꯥꯠꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯀꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅ, ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯑꯐꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯅꯤꯔꯛ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bynum|first=William F.|date=1998|title=Ronald Ross: Malariologist and Polymath: A Biography|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_bulletin-of-the-history-of-medicine_fall-1998_72_3/page/562|journal=Bulletin of the History of Medicine|volume=72|issue=3|pages=562–564|doi=10.1353/bhm.1998.0144}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ronald_Ross_grave_Putney_Vale_2014.jpg|alt=A horizontal gravestone, badly dilapidated and with grass growing among the cracks|right|thumb|ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ꯗ ꯂꯟꯗꯟꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯠꯅꯤ ꯚꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯡꯐꯝ]]
ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ꯭ꯆꯇ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯁꯔꯀꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯐꯪꯗꯕꯅ (ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ &quot;ꯑꯦꯗꯃꯤꯅꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯥꯔꯕꯔꯤꯖꯝ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈꯤꯕ) ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯸ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯊꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯦꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯁ ꯏꯟ ꯗꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯋꯦꯟꯇꯤꯊ ꯁꯦꯟꯆꯨꯔꯤ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡꯗ ꯌꯣꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯗꯤ ꯍ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ꯭ꯇꯟꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟ ꯲꯰꯰꯰ꯗ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯌꯝ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯌꯥꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯒꯣꯅ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯸꯹ꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯔꯣꯖꯥ ꯕꯦꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯣꯛꯁꯥꯝ ꯒ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ, ꯗꯣꯔꯣꯊꯤ  ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯜꯚ꯭ꯌꯥ , ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯑꯅꯤ, ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯀꯦꯝꯄꯦꯜ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯱ꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯜꯚ꯭ꯌꯥꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯁꯨ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤ: ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯴ꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ ꯲꯶ꯇ ꯂꯦ ꯀꯦꯇꯣꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯐꯝ ꯁꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯥꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯖꯃꯥ ꯁꯣꯛꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯗ ꯂꯩꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯄ ꯄꯨꯠꯅꯤ ꯚꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯐꯨꯝꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cook|first=GC|year=1999|title=The grave of Sir Ronald Ross FRS (1857–1932)|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_1999-09-25_354_9184/page/1128|journal=The Lancet|volume=354|issue=9184|pages=1128|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)76928-2|pmid=10509539|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯄꯥꯔꯤ-ꯄꯨꯔꯤ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ronald_Ross_Memorial.jpg|right|thumb| ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ, ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ, ꯀꯣꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ronald_Ross_5a.jpg|thumb|ꯄꯤ ꯖꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ronald_Ross_1.jpg|thumb|ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯤꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ]]
ꯀꯜꯀꯠꯇꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯐꯛꯂꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯕꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯕꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛꯅ ꯂꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯂꯤꯠꯇꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯷ꯒꯤ ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯷ꯇ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯛꯂꯥꯡꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Datta&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=How Ronald Ross linked the mosquito bite to malaria parasites}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Sir_Ronald_Ross_.jpg|alt=Sir Ronald Ross's name on LSHTM|thumb|ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗ ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ]]
ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯲꯳ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.lshtm.ac.uk/aboutus/introducing/history/frieze/sir-ronald-ross|title=Sir Ronald Ross (1857-1932) {{!}} LSHTM|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯵ꯇ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯤꯇꯥꯕ ꯒꯣꯁ ꯏꯕ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ, ꯗ ''ꯀꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯣꯁꯣꯝ'' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯜꯀꯥꯇꯥꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Goyal|first=Kritika|date=2013|title=The Calcutta Chromosome|journal=Annals of Neurosciences|volume=20|issue=1|pages=36|doi=10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200112|pmc=4117097}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯤꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ  ꯲꯰ꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯃꯦꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯐꯤꯂꯤꯁ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯒꯝꯄꯦꯠ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯨꯝꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ  ꯲꯰ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯔꯜꯗ ꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯇꯣ ꯗꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯂꯥꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯦꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯆꯦꯔꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Datta&quot;/&gt;

== ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ==
ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯩꯔꯕ ꯑꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯩꯔꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯥ ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ, ꯂꯝꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ, ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ''ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ'' (꯱꯹꯲꯸) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯥꯏꯜ (꯱꯹꯳꯱) ꯗ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯗ ꯆꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯣꯁꯤꯟ (ꯏꯪ꯱꯸꯹꯹ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯳꯲) ''ꯗ ꯔꯦꯚꯦꯜꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯑꯣꯔꯁꯦꯔꯥ'', ꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯔꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯝ, ꯐꯦꯕꯦꯜꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯇꯤꯌꯔꯁ (ꯏꯪ꯱꯹꯳꯰) ''ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯥ ꯃꯣꯗꯨꯂꯇꯨ'' (ꯏꯪ꯱꯹꯳꯱) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯡꯀꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛ ꯃꯉꯥ (꯱꯹꯲꯹-꯱꯹꯳꯱) ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯰ꯗ ꯗꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯚꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯸ꯗ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯗꯤꯁ ꯑꯣꯟ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯨ ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯌꯔꯁ, ꯋꯤꯊ ꯑꯦ ꯐꯨꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯎꯟꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯏꯠꯁ ꯁꯂꯨꯁꯟ (ꯄꯥꯖ ꯵꯴꯷ ꯂꯣꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯲꯳ꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯝꯃꯤ: ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕ, ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯥꯎ-ꯆꯦ ꯀꯛꯄꯤꯕ, ꯐꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯡꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;kakk&quot;/&gt;

== ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ronald_Ross_plaque,_Johnston_Building,_Liverpool.jpg|thumb|[[ꯂꯤꯚꯔꯄꯨꯜ|ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜ]] ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ-ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ, ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯖꯣꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯟ ꯂꯦꯕꯣꯔꯦꯇꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ, ꯖꯣꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯟ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ]]
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Ross's_name_remembered_on_the_London_School_of_Hygiene_and_Tropical_Medicine.JPG|thumb|ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯈꯤ ꯫]]
ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯕꯨ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯲ꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯌꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ &quot;ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯖꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯪꯈꯤꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ronald Ross – Facts|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1902/ross-facts.html|publisher=Nobel Media AB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯸꯹꯷ꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯒꯁ  ꯲꯰ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯋꯔꯜꯗ ꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯇꯣ ꯗꯦ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ, ꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯲꯲ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯤ ꯆꯦ-ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯟꯗꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯤꯟ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯌꯟꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯁꯔꯖꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯒꯣꯅ ꯉꯥꯛ-ꯁꯦꯟꯅꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯱ꯗ ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯂꯣ (ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯁ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗ ꯔꯣꯌꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯔꯖꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯐꯦꯂꯣ ꯑꯃ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯱ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯹꯱꯳ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯔꯣꯌꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯚꯥꯏꯁ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟ  ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯰꯲ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯦꯗꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯷ ꯅ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗ ꯃꯣꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯑꯣꯅꯔꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗ ꯕꯥꯊ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯱ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯃꯥꯟꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯕꯦꯜꯖꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯐꯤꯁꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗ ꯑꯣꯔꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯤꯑꯣꯄꯣꯜꯗ ꯲ꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯒꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯩ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯦꯟ꯭ꯗ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯦꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯞ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯱꯰ꯗ ꯀꯦꯔꯣꯂꯤꯟ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯆꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯛꯍꯣꯝ ꯑꯣꯅꯔꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯤ. ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯱꯹꯲꯳ꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯌꯔꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯖꯦꯝꯁ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕꯕꯨ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯉꯥꯏꯔꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯅ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯈꯔꯒ ꯌꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞ, ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯏꯀꯥꯏꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯨꯡꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;cdc&quot;/&gt;

ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯇ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯁꯤꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯡꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯆꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯂꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯚꯥꯔꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯍꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯜꯀꯠꯇꯥ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯖꯦꯅꯔꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯀꯤꯀꯤꯗꯗꯔꯄꯣꯔ ꯔꯣꯗꯀ ꯁꯝꯅꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯒ ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯁꯥꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯡꯅꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯔꯤꯖꯅꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯐꯦꯛꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯁ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯁ ꯍꯣꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯀꯝꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯀꯦꯕꯜ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯦꯂꯥꯔꯤꯌꯥꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ, ꯕꯦꯒꯝꯄꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯌꯔꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯦꯀꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥꯗꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯔꯤꯇꯦꯖ ꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯔꯣꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯂꯨꯙꯤꯌꯥꯅꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯌꯥꯟ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯣꯂꯦꯖ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯁꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ &quot;ꯔꯣꯁ ꯍꯣꯁꯇꯦꯂ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯉꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯥ-ꯂꯥꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ &quot;ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯫

ꯌꯨ. ꯀꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯔꯦ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯅꯣꯔ ꯄꯥꯔꯛ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Manor Park Residences|publisher=University of Surrey|url=http://portal.surrey.ac.uk/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ACCOM/UG/ARRIVAL/MANOR_PARK_WIDE.PDF|accessdate=2024-10-08|archivedate=2012-02-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219205531/http://portal.surrey.ac.uk/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/ACCOM/UG/ARRIVAL/MANOR_PARK_WIDE.PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯋꯤꯝꯕꯜꯗꯟ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯃꯔꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯠꯇ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯥꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ronaldross.org.uk/|title=Ronald Ross Primary School – Home|publisher=Ronaldross.org.uk|date=22 November 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯁꯔ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯁꯤꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯁꯃꯥꯟ ꯭ ꯌꯥ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯥꯗꯇ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.osmania.ac.in/srrip/|title=Sir Ronald Ross Institute of Parasitoloy|publisher=Osmania.ac.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯤꯕꯔꯄꯨꯜ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ &quot;ꯗ ꯔꯣꯅꯥꯜꯗ ꯔꯣꯁ ꯕꯤꯜꯗꯟ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯤꯡꯊꯣꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯨꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯗꯦꯕꯤꯗ ꯔꯣꯁꯅ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯏꯟꯐꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯜꯊꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Opening of The Ronald Ross Building|url=http://www.liv.ac.uk/infection-and-global-health/news/articles/gallery-opening-of-the-ronald-ross-building/|date=10 October 2010|publisher=Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ==
{{ꯃ}}

[[ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯤꯅꯗꯥ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ]]</text>
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'''ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ''' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ, ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯅ ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯨꯇꯤꯡꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯌꯦꯂꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯦꯕꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ&quot; ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯈꯔ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫{{efn|As used in this article, &quot;exponentially faster&quot; has a precise [[computational complexity|complexity theoretical]] meaning. Usually, it means that as a function of input size in bits, the best known classical algorithm for a problem requires an [[exponential growth|exponentially growing]] number of steps, while a quantum algorithm uses only a polynomial number of steps.}} ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯝ ꯈꯔ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯀꯂꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡꯗ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ (ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯕꯤꯠ&quot;) ꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯡꯗ ꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅ (ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ) ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ &quot;ꯑꯦꯕ꯭ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯠ&quot; ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯠ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯇꯨꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯤꯟꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯋꯦꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯖꯥꯔꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯤꯀꯣꯍꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯅꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯆꯣꯠ-ꯆꯣꯠ ꯂꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯨꯔꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ꯭ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ  ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯂꯒ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞꯁꯤꯡ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯒꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯔꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯀꯣꯟꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ) ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯅꯤꯌꯝꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯒ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯔꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯦꯛꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯊꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯦꯁꯤ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯀꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫

== ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯃꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Aaronson|2013|p=132}} ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯲꯰ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯅꯣꯃꯦꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯕꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯟꯖꯥꯎ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯍꯥꯇꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯔ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ꯭ꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Mårtensson-Pendrill|first=Ann-Marie|date=2006-11-01|title=The Manhattan project—a part of physics history|journal=Physics Education|language=en-US|volume=41|issue=6|pages=493–501|bibcode=2006PhyEd..41..493M|doi=10.1088/0031-9120/41/6/001|issn=0031-9120}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯰ꯗ, ꯄꯣꯜ ꯕꯦꯅꯤꯑꯣꯐ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯇꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯤꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;The computer as a physical system&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Benioff|first=Paul|author-link=Paul Benioff|year=1980|title=The computer as a physical system: A microscopic quantum mechanical Hamiltonian model of computers as represented by Turing machines|url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-statistical-physics_1980-05_22_5/page/563|journal=Journal of Statistical Physics|volume=22|issue=5|pages=563–591|bibcode=1980JSP....22..563B|doi=10.1007/bf01011339}}&lt;/ref&gt;ꯗꯤꯖꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯁꯤꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯌꯨꯔꯤ ꯃꯥꯅꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯤꯆꯥꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯐꯦꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯐꯤꯅꯣꯃꯦꯅꯥꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔꯅ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯁꯤꯃ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Nielsen|Chuang|2010|p=214}}ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯆꯥꯔꯜꯁ ꯕꯦꯅꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯤꯜꯁ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯥꯔꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟꯅ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎꯒꯤ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯀꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯱꯹꯸꯵ꯗ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯆꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯖꯝ, ꯱꯹꯹꯳ꯗ ꯕꯔꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ-ꯋꯥꯖꯤꯔꯥꯅꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯒꯝ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯹꯴ꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯃꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯗꯝ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Simon|first=D. R.|title=Proceedings 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science|chapter=On the power of quantum computation|date=1994|location=Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA|publisher=IEEE Comput. Soc. Press|pages=116–123|doi=10.1109/SFCS.1994.365701|isbn=978-0-8186-6580-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯛꯈꯤꯗꯦ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ''ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ'' ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯕꯣꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Nielsen|Chuang|2010|p=30-32}}
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Peter_Shor_2017_Dirac_Medal_Award_Ceremony.png|thumb|ꯄꯤꯇꯔ ꯁꯣꯔ (꯲꯰꯱꯷ꯗ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯅꯝꯈꯤꯕ) ꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯴ꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫]]
ꯄꯤꯇꯔ ꯁꯣꯔ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯴ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯐꯐꯤ-ꯍꯦꯜꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯟꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯣꯀꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Shor|1994}} ꯱꯹꯹꯶ꯇ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯟꯕꯗ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯗꯑꯞ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯤꯡꯈꯠꯈꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Nielsen|Chuang|2010|p=7}} ꯆꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯃꯛꯇꯗ ꯁꯦꯊ ꯂꯣꯏꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯦꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯝꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯐꯦꯟꯃꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯱꯹꯸꯲ꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cao|first=Yudong|last2=Romero|first2=Jonathan|last3=Olson|first3=Jonathan P.|last4=Degroote|first4=Matthias|last5=Johnson|first5=Peter D.|last6=Kieferová|first6=Mária|last7=Kivlichan|first7=Ian D.|last8=Menke|first8=Tim|last9=Peropadre|first9=Borja|displayauthors=5|date=2019-10-09|title=Quantum Chemistry in the Age of Quantum Computing|journal=Chemical Reviews|language=en-US|volume=119|issue=19|pages=10856–10915|arxiv=1812.09976|doi=10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00803|issn=0009-2665|pmid=31469277}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯆꯍꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞꯗ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ-ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯈꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Grumbling|Horowitz|2019|pp=164-169}}ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯸ꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌ꯭ꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Grumbling|Horowitz|2019|pp=164-169}}

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯹ ꯗ ꯒꯨꯒꯜ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯅꯥꯁꯥ]] ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯵꯴ꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯦꯁꯤꯞ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite arXiv|last=Pan|title=Simulating the Sycamore quantum supremacy circuits}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯡ ==
ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ-ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛꯁ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫&quot;ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ&quot; ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯗꯤ (ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯥꯟꯗꯣꯝ ꯅꯝꯕꯔ ꯖꯤꯅꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ) ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯗꯤꯀꯣꯐꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯔꯥꯟꯗꯃꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯁꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯥꯕꯤꯇꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩꯗꯦ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯣꯍꯔꯦꯟꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯞ-ꯆꯥꯕ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯥꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯕꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯁꯩꯔꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯐꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯂꯤ ꯕꯦꯅꯦꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ, 
{{Blockquote|text=A classical computer is a quantum computer&amp;nbsp;... so we shouldn't be asking about &quot;where do quantum speedups come from?&quot; We should say, &quot;well, all computers are quantum.&amp;nbsp;... Where do classical slowdowns come from?&quot;}}

=== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏ-ꯄꯥꯎ ===
ꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯄꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ''ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ'' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ''ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ'' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ, ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯏ ꯫ 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |0 \rangle} 

ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |1 \rangle} 

ꯀ ꯭ ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ 0 ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 1 ꯒꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯔꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |0 \rangle} 

ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |1 \rangle} 

ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯁ ꯭ ꯄꯦꯁ ꯃꯅꯨꯡ ꯆꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯀꯟꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ''ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ'' ꯑꯃ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |0 \rangle} 

ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |1 \rangle} 

.{{sfn|Nielsen|Chuang|2010|page=13}}{{sfn|Mermin|2007|p=17}}

ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯦꯊꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯂꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯜꯖꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯗꯤꯔꯥꯛ ꯅꯣꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ 


।। ꯫ 

ψ⟩ 


{\displaystyle। \psi\rangle} 

ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯊꯝꯂꯕ ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ 'ꯀꯦꯠ ꯄꯤꯑꯏ' ꯫ 


ψ 


{\displaystyle \psi} 

꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯕꯤꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ 


α 

।। ꯫ 

0 ⟩ + β 

।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle\alpha |0 \rangle + \beta |1 \rangale} 

, ꯀꯗꯥꯏꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯒꯦ 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |0 \rangle} 

ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |1 \rangle} 

ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯭ ꯗ ''ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ'' ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯔꯤꯅꯣ, [ꯕꯤ] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ{{efn|The [[standard basis]] is also the ''computational basis''.{{sfn|Mermin|2007|p=18}}}} 

α 


{\displaystyle \alpha} 

ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 


β 


{\displaystyle\beta} 

ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯕꯥꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯂꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫{{sfn|Mermin|2007|p=17}} ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ 


α 


{\displaystyle \alpha} 

ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ 


β 


{\displaystyle\beta} 

ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅ ꯅꯣꯟꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ (ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯥꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔ) ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ: ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯅ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯚꯥꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯅꯝꯕꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ ꯫{{sfn|Aaronson|2013|page=110}} ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟ-ꯇꯥꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯕꯦꯖꯤꯁꯇ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯐꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯕꯣꯔꯟ ꯔꯨꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯆꯨꯝꯕ-ꯁ꯭ꯀꯋꯥꯔ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫ 


α 

।। ꯫ 

0 ⟩ + β 

।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle\alpha |0 \rangle + \beta |1 \rangale} 

ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯥꯊꯔꯛꯂꯤ 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |0 \rangle} 

ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ 


।। ꯫ 

α 


।। ꯫ 


2 


{\displaystyle। \alpha। ^ {2}} 

, ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |1 \rangle} 

ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ 


।। ꯫ 

β 


।। ꯫ 


2 


{\displaystyle। \beta। ^ {2}} 

꯫ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯁ ꯭ ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯗ ꯀꯣꯑꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ 


α 


{\displaystyle \alpha} 

ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 


β 


{\displaystyle\beta} 

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ 


।। ꯫ 

α 


।। ꯫ 


2 


+ 

।। ꯫ 

β 


।। ꯫ 


2 


&lt;nowiki/&gt;=
1 


{\displaystyle। \alpha। ^ {2} +। \beta। ^ {1} = 1} 

꯫ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄꯤꯕ 


1 

/ 


2 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩
+
1 

/ 


2 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle 1/{\sqrt {2}} |0 \rangle + 1/{\sqrt |1 \rangale} 

ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯨ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |0 \rangle} 

ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\displaystyle |1 \rangle} 

ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯫

=== ꯱ ꯈꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯕꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯛ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯃꯦꯔꯤꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯛ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯦꯠꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ &lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;X := \begin{pmatrix} 0 &amp; 1 \\ 1 &amp; 0 \end{pmatrix}.&lt;/math&gt;ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯛ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁ ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯕ  ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ

: X    ।। ꯫    0 ⟩ =    ।। ꯫    1 ⟩     {\displaystyle X|0 \rangle = |1 \rangale}    ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ      X    ।। ꯫    1 ⟩ =    ।। ꯫    0 ⟩     {\displaystyle X|1 \rangle = |0 \rangale}    ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯱ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯁꯤꯡꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯃꯜꯇꯤ-ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨ ꯕꯤꯠ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯦꯞꯄ ꯃꯦꯃꯦꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯗꯅ ꯊꯝꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯖꯦꯠ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯗꯇ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯦꯃꯦꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯖꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯎꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯃꯣꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯐꯤꯕꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ &lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;
 |00\rangle := \begin{pmatrix} 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix};\quad
 |01\rangle := \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix};\quad
 |10\rangle := \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \\ 0 \end{pmatrix};\quad
 |11\rangle := \begin{pmatrix} 0 \\ 0 \\ 0 \\ 1 \end{pmatrix}.
&lt;/math&gt;ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ NOT (CNOT) ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ: &lt;math display=&quot;block&quot;&gt;
 \operatorname{CNOT} :=
 \begin{pmatrix}
  1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\
   0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 \\
   0 &amp; 0 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 \\
   0 &amp; 0 &amp; 1 &amp; 0
 \end{pmatrix}.
&lt;/math&gt;ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯡꯀꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, 


ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ′′ 

।। ꯫ 

00
⟩
= 

।। ꯫ 

00
⟩ 


{\textstyle\operatorname {CNOT} |00 \rangle = &lt;ID1} \rangle} 

, 


ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ′′ 

।। ꯫ 

01
⟩
= 

।। ꯫ 

01
⟩ 


{\textstyle\operatorname {CNOT} |01 \rangle = &lt;ID1} \rangle} 

, 


ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ′′ 

।। ꯫ 

10
⟩
= 

।। ꯫ 

11
⟩ 


{\textstyle\operatorname {CNOT} |10 \rangle = |11 \rangale} 

, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ 


ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ′′ 

।। ꯫ 

11
⟩
= 

।। ꯫ 

10
⟩ 


{\textstyle\operatorname {CNOT} |11 \rangle = |10 \rangale} 

꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ꯅ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ 


X 


{\textstyle X} 

ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯥꯖ ꯭ ꯌ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯗꯇ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯗꯒꯤ 


।। ꯫ 

1
⟩ 


{\textstyle |1 \rangle} 

꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ 


।। ꯫ 

0
⟩ 


{\textstyle |0 \rangle} 

, ꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯇ ꯀꯔꯤꯁꯨ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ ꯫

=== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ ===
''ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯂꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ'' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯏꯟꯄꯨꯠ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯡꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯄꯨꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯔꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟꯗ ꯏꯟꯄꯨꯠ ꯚꯦꯜꯌꯨ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯡꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯄꯨꯠ ꯚꯦꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯣꯗ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯑꯥꯎꯠꯎꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ &quot;ꯄꯦꯂꯔꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝ&quot; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯇꯧꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯄꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯅꯕ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯈꯔꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Nielsen|Chuang|2010|p=30–32}}{{sfn|Mermin|2007|pp=38–39}}

=== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯃꯤꯡ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯫

==== ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ====
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Quantum_Toffoli_Gate_Implementation.svg|thumb|ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯐꯣꯂꯤ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯒꯥꯠꯁꯤꯡ]]
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯛ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯃꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯔꯃꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯔꯀꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯛ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇ (ꯃꯁꯤ, ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯂꯤꯖꯝꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯅꯤ)  


2 

ꯑꯦꯟ 


x 

2 

ꯑꯦꯟ 


{\displaystyle 2 ^ {n} \times 2 ^ {n}} 

ꯃꯊꯛꯇ 


ꯑꯦꯟ 


{\displaystyle n} 

ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠꯁ ′ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯏꯃꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯂꯣꯖꯤꯛ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯠꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯏꯃꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯦꯠ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯍꯦꯛꯇꯕꯨ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ. ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯣꯚꯦ-ꯀꯤꯇꯦꯚ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯝ ꯍꯥꯏꯖꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯥꯏꯠ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯕꯤꯠ-ꯈꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯕꯣꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯃꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Concise guide to quantum computing: algorithms, exercises, and implementations|date=2021|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-030-65054-4|series=Texts in computer science|location=Cham}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯟꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯨꯇꯤꯡ ====
ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯣꯟꯕꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯃꯦꯆꯔꯁ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ (ꯈꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯠ) ꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯋꯕꯤꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯀꯝꯄꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫

==== ꯑꯗꯤꯌꯥꯕꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ====
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯕꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ, ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯍꯦꯃꯤꯇꯣꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯦꯃꯤꯇꯣꯅꯤꯇꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Das 2008 1061–1081&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Das|first=A.|last2=Chakrabarti|first2=B. K.|year=2008|title=Quantum Annealing and Analog Quantum Computation|journal=[[Reviews of Modern Physics|Rev. Mod. Phys.]]|volume=80|issue=3|pages=1061–1081|arxiv=0801.2193|bibcode=2008RvMP...80.1061D|citeseerx=10.1.1.563.9990|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.80.1061}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯃꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ====
ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯃꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ('n.quantum ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯡ &quot;′ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯠꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯇꯨꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯂꯣꯔꯤꯊꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯃꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯊꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯁꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯗꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯣꯟ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥ-ꯀꯩꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯅ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯤ (ꯈꯨꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯨꯡꯉꯥꯏꯇꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯀꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ &quot;ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ&quot; ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯃꯣꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

==== ꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯨꯇꯤꯡ ====
ꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ 2D ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯑꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯛꯊꯠꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Nayaketal2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nayak|first=Chetan|last2=Simon|first2=Steven|last3=Stern|first3=Ady|last4=Das Sarma|first4=Sankar|year=2008|title=Nonabelian Anyons and Quantum Computation|journal=Reviews of Modern Physics|volume=80|issue=3|pages=1083–1159|arxiv=0707.1889|bibcode=2008RvMP...80.1083N|doi=10.1103/RevModPhys.80.1083}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯇꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ====
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯇꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯂꯣꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ-ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯋꯥꯟ-ꯋꯦ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯕꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄꯨꯇꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯄꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ -ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ. ꯌꯨꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯇꯨꯔꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯄꯨ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯅꯣꯃꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯚꯔꯍꯦꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯁꯤꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯦ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

==== ꯅꯣꯏꯖꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯦꯠ-ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ====
ꯊ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯍꯣꯜ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕꯅ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯑꯁꯣꯏꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯒꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅ ꯐꯣꯜꯠ-ꯇꯣꯜꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ &quot;ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯂꯥꯞꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜ ꯑꯃ&quot; ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫{{sfn|Nielsen|Chuang|2010|p=481}} ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯅꯣꯏꯖꯤ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯦꯠ-ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯤꯎ) ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;preskill2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Preskill|first=John|date=6 August 2018|title=Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond|journal=Quantum|volume=2|page=79|arxiv=1801.00862|bibcode=2018Quant...2...79P|doi=10.22331/q-2018-08-06-79|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;ꯍꯔꯕꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯑꯔꯣꯔꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯄ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ&quot; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯍꯔꯕꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ꯭ꯆ ꯇꯤꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯇꯤ., ꯀꯤꯎꯏꯔꯥ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ, ꯀꯦꯜꯇꯦꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯇꯟ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯔꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯃꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯋꯤꯊ ꯅꯣꯏꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯦꯇꯦꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯤꯚꯥꯏꯁꯁ (ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯤꯎ)  ′ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ) ꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯥꯗꯈꯤ ꯫</text>
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'''ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ''' (ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ.) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ '''ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡ''' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯈꯔ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁꯇ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯤꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯨ. ꯚꯤ. ꯃꯩꯉꯥꯜꯅ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯥꯒꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯣꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯦꯜꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯇꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯄꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯅꯨꯉꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ (ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯣꯂꯤꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯠ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯗꯤꯐꯔꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯗ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ, ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Djordjevic 2012 493–549&quot;&gt;{{Citation|last=Djordjevic|first=Ivan|title=Physical Implementations of Quantum Information Processing|date=2012|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/B9780123854919000137|pages=493–549|periodical=Quantum Information Processing and Quantum Error Correction|publisher=Elsevier|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-385491-9.00013-7|isbn=978-0-12-385491-9|access-date=2025-02-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯐꯤꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯥꯔꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯐꯡꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Banin|first=Uri|last2=Cao|first2=YunWei|last3=Katz|first3=David|last4=Millo|first4=Oded|date=August 1999|title=Identification of atomic-like electronic states in indium arsenide nanocrystal quantum dots|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/22979|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=400|issue=6744|pages=542–544|bibcode=1999Natur.400..542B|doi=10.1038/22979|issn=1476-4687|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯕꯜꯛ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯛ-ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯣꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯵-꯶ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯋꯦꯚꯂꯦꯡꯊꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯣꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯔꯦꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ (꯲-꯳ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯝ.) ꯅ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯅꯦꯝꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯫

== ꯀꯣꯔ/ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔ/ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ==
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯊꯜꯂꯤ (ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯆꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕ) ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯊꯤꯡꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯖꯦꯟꯔꯦꯆꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇꯕ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ (ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯣꯟꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯧꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯏꯃꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ) ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅꯕ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯀꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯒꯦꯞꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯋꯦꯚꯂꯦꯟꯊꯇ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ-ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯠꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯄꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯅꯕ ꯇꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯍꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯴ ꯂꯩ:ꯃꯈꯜ ꯱, ꯏꯟꯚꯔꯁ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯱., ꯃꯈꯜ ꯲, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯚꯔꯁ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯲ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Vasudevan|first=D.|last2=Gaddam|first2=Rohit Ranganathan|last3=Trinchi|first3=Adrian|last4=Cole|first4=Ivan|date=2015-07-05|title=Core–shell quantum dots: Properties and applications|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925838815005319|journal=Journal of Alloys and Compounds|volume=636|pages=395–404|doi=10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.02.102|issn=0925-8388|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯃꯈꯜ ꯱ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯒꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯦꯞꯁꯨꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯅꯟ-ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯔꯤꯀꯝꯕꯤꯅꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯄꯥꯁꯤꯚꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯟꯚꯔꯁ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯱ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯒꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯗꯤꯂꯣꯀꯂꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯲ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯚꯔꯁ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯲ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯀꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯒꯦꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯣꯔ/ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯃꯤꯃꯆ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯄꯥꯡꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ZnSe/ZnS (ꯃꯈꯜ ꯱′ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ZnSE/CdS (ꯃꯈꯜ ꯲′ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯤꯟꯗꯕ ZnSé ꯀꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯤꯇꯔ (TEM′ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯅꯕ ꯀꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯤꯇꯔ (ꯀꯥꯞꯂꯕ ꯃꯥꯁ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ [ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯦꯟ ꯁꯣꯔ꯭ꯁꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯂꯕ) ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯱ ꯍꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯏꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ &quot;ꯅꯝꯊ&quot; ꯇꯧꯕ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯇꯥꯏꯞ II ꯍꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯔꯦꯏꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯐꯪꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯅ ꯂꯝꯖꯤꯡꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ, ꯀꯣꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯋꯦꯚꯂꯦꯟ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯇꯝ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯇꯧꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Reiss|first=P.|last2=Carayon|first2=S.|last3=Bleuse|first3=J.|last4=Pron|first4=A.|date=2003-10-09|title=Low polydispersity core/shell nanocrystals of CdSe/ZnSe and CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS type: preparation and optical studies|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0379677903003357|journal=Synthetic Metals|series=Proceedings of the Fifth International Topical Conference on Optical Probes of Conjugated Polymers and Organic and Inorganic Nanostructures|volume=139|issue=3|pages=649–652|doi=10.1016/S0379-6779(03)00335-7|issn=0379-6779|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀꯣꯔ/ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯛꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯅꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;/&gt; CdSe/ZnS ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ CdSe/ZnSe ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯛꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯂꯥꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯸꯴% ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ, ꯀꯣꯔ ꯁꯤ.ꯗꯤ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ.ꯅꯥꯅꯣꯛꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ, ꯖꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯖꯦ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯑꯦꯁ.ꯏ. ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯑꯍꯦꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇꯥ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯛꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯈꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯠꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯣꯀꯍꯅꯕꯗꯥ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ/ꯗꯕꯜ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯒꯗꯕ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯁꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ꯫ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯄꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ, ꯑꯣꯂꯦꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯛꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯜ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯀꯟꯠꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯐꯉ꯭ꯀꯁꯅꯦꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯨꯕꯥ ꯔꯥꯎꯟꯗ ꯱ ꯍꯧꯗꯣꯀꯄꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Xiao|first=Pengwei|last2=Zhang|first2=Zhoufan|last3=Ge|first3=Junjun|last4=Deng|first4=Yalei|last5=Chen|first5=Xufeng|last6=Zhang|first6=Jian-Rong|last7=Deng|first7=Zhengtao|last8=Kambe|first8=Yu|last9=Talapin|first9=Dmitri V.|date=2023-01-04|title=Surface passivation of intensely luminescent all-inorganic nanocrystals and their direct optical patterning|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=14|issue=1|pages=49|bibcode=2023NatCo..14...49X|doi=10.1038/s41467-022-35702-7|issn=2041-1723|pmc=9813348|pmid=36599825}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Dong|first=Angang|last2=Ye|first2=Xingchen|last3=Chen|first3=Jun|last4=Kang|first4=Yijin|last5=Gordon|first5=Thomas|last6=Kikkawa|first6=James M.|last7=Murray|first7=Christopher B.|date=2011-02-02|title=A Generalized Ligand-Exchange Strategy Enabling Sequential Surface Functionalization of Colloidal Nanocrystals|url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja108948z|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|language=en|volume=133|issue=4|pages=998–1006|bibcode=2011JAChS.133..998D|doi=10.1021/ja108948z|issn=0002-7863|pmid=21175183|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯏ. ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯗꯥ, ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯜ-ꯏꯅꯑꯣꯔꯒꯥꯅꯤꯛ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯛꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ (ꯑꯥꯏ.ꯑꯦꯜ.ꯑꯦꯟ.ꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯂꯦꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇꯥ ꯙꯥꯇꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯜꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠ ꯁꯤꯅꯕꯥ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯆꯦꯟꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯗ- ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯟ-ꯏꯃꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯇꯁꯤꯡꯒꯥ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯕꯥ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯌꯤꯜꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯊꯦꯡꯅꯈꯤ꯫ &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

== ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Quantum_Dots_with_emission_maxima_in_a_10-nm_step_are_being_produced_at_PlasmaChem_in_a_kg_scale.jpg|thumb|ꯚꯥꯏꯂꯦꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯞ ꯔꯦꯗꯇꯥ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯇꯞꯅꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞꯄꯤꯡ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯕꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯇꯁꯤꯡ꯫]]
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯨꯡꯕ, ꯁꯦꯜꯐ-ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯂꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯒꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫
=== ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯅ ꯁꯨꯡꯕ ===
ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯅ, ꯁꯣꯜꯌꯨꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯁꯤꯄꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯗꯦ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯄꯠꯊꯔꯒꯁꯨ ꯂꯩꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯏꯪꯑꯁꯥꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ, ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯤꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯒ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯇꯤꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯦꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯨꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯟꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ: &quot;ꯐꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ&quot; ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ &quot;ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯀꯨꯁꯤꯡ&quot; ꯫ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯃꯔ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ (ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯏ (ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯡ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯠꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡꯗ ꯐꯣꯀꯁ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯗꯤꯁꯄꯔꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯃꯔ ꯀꯣꯟꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯔ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯐꯣꯀꯦꯁꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯃꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯏ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯀꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯜꯐꯥꯏꯗ, ꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ, ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯜꯐꯥꯏꯗ, ꯀꯦꯗꯤꯃꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯂꯨꯔꯥꯏꯗ, ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯥꯔꯁꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯐꯣꯁꯐꯥꯏꯗ ꯕꯦꯅꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ ꯁꯜꯐꯥꯏꯗꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯇꯔꯅꯔꯤ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤꯁꯨ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯔꯣꯚꯁ꯭ꯀꯤꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯱꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯃꯈꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯰꯰,꯰꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯲ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯱꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯃꯤꯇꯔꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯱꯰ ꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯤꯂꯤꯌꯟ ꯳ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯣꯏꯕ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯄꯔꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯒ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯕꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Colloidal_nanoparticle_of_lead_sulfide_(selenide)_with_complete_passivation.png|thumb|ꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯜꯐꯥꯏꯗꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ (ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ, ꯑꯣꯂꯤꯜ ꯑꯦꯃꯤꯟ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯛꯁꯤꯜ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡꯐꯥꯅ ꯄꯥꯁꯤꯚꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯅꯤꯗ) ꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯃꯤ (ꯆꯥꯡ ≈ ꯵ nm) &amp;nbsp;]]
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯕꯆꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯦꯟꯆꯇꯣꯞ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯌꯥꯠ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫

=== ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ===
ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ, ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯣꯚꯂꯦꯟ ꯕꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ, ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯁ-ꯐꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, [[ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ]] ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯖꯔꯃꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯣꯟꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ ꯅꯣꯟꯊꯔꯃꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯥꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯔꯤꯕ ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯥ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁꯗꯁꯨ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯥꯅ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯄꯧꯗꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯜꯚꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ (ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁ) ꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫

=== ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯗꯣꯄꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯝꯄꯨꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯵ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯵꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ ꯫ ꯂꯤꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯍꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯅꯤ-ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯒꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯛꯄꯅ ꯲꯰ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫
ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯈꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝꯗ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Djordjevic 2012 493–549&quot;/&gt;

ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯕ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯐꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯥꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯜ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯔꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯁ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯤꯇꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯇꯞꯅ ꯅꯝꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯍꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯍꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ-ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯆꯦꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kouwenhoven|first=Leo|last2=Marcus|first2=Charles|date=June 1998|title=Quantum dots|url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2058-7058/11/6/26|journal=Physics World|volume=11|issue=6|pages=35–40|doi=10.1088/2058-7058/11/6/26|issn=0953-8585|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯈꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯩꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯂꯝꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ-ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯀꯣꯔꯗ ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯗ ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯣꯏꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯔꯃꯣꯁꯤꯜ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯁꯕ-ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯁꯤꯚꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯕ-ꯃꯣꯟꯣꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯄꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Clark|first=Pip|last2=Radtke|first2=Hanna|last3=Pengpad|first3=Atip|last4=Williamson|first4=Andrew|last5=Spencer|first5=Ben|last6=Hardman|first6=Samantha|last7=Neo|first7=Darren|last8=Fairclough|first8=Simon|last9=Watt|first9=Andrew|displayauthors=8|year=2017|title=The Passivating Effect of Cadmium in PbS / CdS Colloidal Quantum Dot Solar Cells Probed by nm-Scale Depth Profiling|journal=Nanoscale|volume=9|issue=18|pages=6056–6067|doi=10.1039/c7nr00672a|pmid=28443889|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯨꯋꯦꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯂꯦꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯑꯣꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯒꯨꯍꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Gaas_inas_quantum_dot.jpg|thumb|ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯤꯖꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯒꯦꯜꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯥꯔꯁꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ (ꯏꯟꯒꯥꯑꯦꯁꯥꯋꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯐꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯒꯦꯜꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯔꯁꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ (ꯒꯥꯑꯦꯁꯥꯋꯦꯟ) ]]
* ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯕꯤꯝ ꯏꯄꯤꯇꯦꯛꯁꯤ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯕꯤ. ꯏ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯣꯒꯥꯔꯅꯤꯛ ꯚꯦꯄꯔ-ꯐꯦꯁ ꯏꯄꯤꯇꯦꯛꯁꯤꯒꯤ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯣ. ꯚꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯏ. ′) ꯃꯇꯝ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯃꯊꯟꯇ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯒ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯣꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯏꯊꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟ꯭ꯁꯀꯤ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯅꯥꯚ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯣꯊ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯏꯊꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯐꯨꯝꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯊꯥꯕ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯒꯦꯜꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯥꯔꯁꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ (ꯏꯟꯒꯥꯑꯦꯁꯥꯋꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁ ꯏꯟ ꯒꯦꯜꯂꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯔꯁꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ) ꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯞꯇꯣꯒꯔꯥꯐꯤ (ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯁꯣꯔꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯡ|ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ]] ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯩꯁꯤꯡꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫
* ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯂꯥꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯗꯣꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯋꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯍꯦꯇꯦꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯒꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯦꯜ ꯁꯔꯐꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯠꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯦꯟꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯊꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯇꯔꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟ ꯑꯃ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯁꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯕꯤꯝ ꯂꯤꯊꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯆꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯒꯦꯁꯇ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯒꯦꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯒꯤ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯜꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯤꯐꯠ-ꯑꯣꯐ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ) ꯊꯥꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯥꯝꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖ꯭ꯌꯣꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯣꯟꯐꯥꯏꯅꯃꯦꯟ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯅꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯅꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯕꯔꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯥꯏꯅ ꯁꯝꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯇꯅꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
* ꯀꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯜ-ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗ-ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ (ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯦꯁ.)  ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ (꯲꯰ nm × ꯲꯰ nm ′) ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯑꯣꯖꯦꯟꯀꯤ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯗ −꯲꯶꯹ °C (꯴ K′) ꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ −꯲꯵꯸ °C (꯱꯵ K′) ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ (ꯍꯣꯜꯁ) ꯑꯃꯅ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯔ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯦ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯀꯣꯟꯐꯥꯏꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ (ꯍꯣꯜꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒꯦꯠ ꯚꯣꯜꯇꯦꯖ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯆꯂꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯏ (ꯍꯣꯜꯁ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Turchetti|first=Marco|last2=Homulle|first2=Harald|last3=Sebastiano|first3=Fabio|last4=Ferrari|first4=Giorgio|last5=Charbon|first5=Edoardo|last6=Prati|first6=Enrico|year=2015|title=Tunable single hole regime of a silicon field effect transistor in standard CMOS technology|journal=Applied Physics Express|volume=9|issue=11|page=014001|doi=10.7567/APEX.9.014001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ꯚꯥꯏꯔꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯂꯤ ===

=== ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯂꯤ ===
Highly ordered arrays of quantum dots may also be self-assembled by electrochemical techniques. A template is created by causing an ionic reaction at an electrolyte–metal interface which results in the spontaneous assembly of nanostructures, including quantum dots, onto the metal which is then used as a mask for mesa-etching these nanostructures on a chosen substrate. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2021)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

=== ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯇꯦꯃꯦꯄꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯋꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ (ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯅꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯣꯟ ꯆꯥꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯟ ꯆꯥꯝꯃ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ) ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯳-Vꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯕꯣꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲-VIꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯣꯚꯂꯦꯟ  ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯗ꯭ꯌꯨꯋꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ, ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯗꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯁ꯭ꯇꯔ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯗꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯉꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯧꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ-ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯥꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ''ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯗ ꯇꯧꯕ'' ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ꯲-꯶ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯕꯦꯆꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯡ ꯈꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯁ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯏꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯊꯣꯂꯣꯗꯤꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯕꯆ-ꯇꯨ-ꯕꯆ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ-ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯥ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯅꯦꯟꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯊ꯭ꯔꯨꯄꯨꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯍꯟꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯇꯔꯥ ꯇꯔꯥ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀꯤꯂꯣꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯱ ꯗ ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯠꯆ ꯀꯝꯄꯅꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯣꯔꯇꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣ ꯊꯣꯁꯤꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯥꯏ ꯇꯦꯃꯦꯄꯔꯦꯆꯔ ꯗꯨꯌꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ-ꯃꯈꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.flowid.nl/news/index.html#20110627|author=&lt;!-- not stated --&gt;|title=Quantum materials corp achieves milestone in High Volume Production of Quantum Dots|accessdate=2025-08-04|archivedate=2015-02-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210032452/http://flowid.nl/news/index.html#20110627}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯳ ꯒꯤ ꯖꯅꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯲꯳ꯗ ꯗꯥꯎ ꯌꯨ. ꯀꯦ. ꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯅꯥꯅꯣꯀꯣ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯁꯤꯗꯤꯡ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇꯣꯞ-ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯅꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯞꯇꯦꯝꯕꯔ ꯲꯴ꯗ ꯗꯥꯎꯅꯥ ꯈꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯌꯥꯗ &quot;ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯥꯝ-ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯦꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯆꯜꯂꯛꯄꯗ ꯍꯧꯒꯗꯧꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯵ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔꯆ ꯲꯴ꯗ ꯗꯥꯎꯅ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯖꯤ. ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯅꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯅꯆꯦ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.mfrtech.com/news/lg_electronics_partners_with_dow_to_commercialize_lgs_new_ultra_hd_tv_with_quantum_dot_technology|author=MFTTech|title=LG Electronics Partners with Dow to Commercialize LGs New Ultra HD TV with Quantum Dot Technology|date=24 March 2015|accessdate=4 August 2025|archivedate=18 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092859/http://www.mfrtech.com/news/lg_electronics_partners_with_dow_to_commercialize_lgs_new_ultra_hd_tv_with_quantum_dot_technology}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ==
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯈꯔꯅ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯇꯣꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯅꯩꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ [[ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ]] ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯂꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯗꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯜꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯟ ꯚꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯣꯃꯦꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧꯁꯤꯡ (ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ, ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ, ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯐꯡꯛꯁꯟ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯁꯤꯡ) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯇꯣꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯆꯥꯔꯖ, ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟ, ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯝꯄꯣꯖꯤꯁꯟ, ꯀꯦꯄꯤꯡ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯇꯤꯕ, ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯀꯜꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝꯗ ꯃꯤꯠꯌꯦꯡ ꯊꯝꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯊꯣꯛꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯑꯜꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯚꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯦꯠ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯅ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ, ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯍꯟꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯲-꯶ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯃꯩꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯊꯪꯗ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ, ꯂꯤꯄꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦ. ꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕ ꯈꯔꯅꯥꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯖꯦꯗ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯍꯥꯞꯄꯤꯕꯅ ꯁꯤ ꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯏ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ ꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯖꯀꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯡꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯚꯤꯚꯣꯗ, ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯌꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯗꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯔ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯣꯟꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯦꯂꯨꯂꯔ ꯂꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯌꯨꯟ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯥꯌꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯤꯁꯇ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦ. ꯒꯤ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯊꯪꯗ ꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯒꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯚꯤꯚꯣ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯄꯤꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ-ꯃꯇꯧ, ꯋꯦꯠ, ꯍꯦꯃꯥꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯔꯀꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯠꯇ ꯍꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯤꯒꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ꯭ꯠꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯦꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯣꯁꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯅꯨꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯏꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯦꯂꯨꯂꯔ ꯀꯣꯟꯁꯦꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯁꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯔꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯑꯣ-ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯁ.-ꯀꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯗꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄꯤꯗꯨꯅ ꯎꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯇꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯹꯹ ꯅ ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜ ꯇꯧꯔꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯣꯏꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯅꯩꯅꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯁꯤꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ पाउखुम ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯗ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ-ꯃꯈꯥ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯂꯦꯚꯦꯜ, ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯣꯖꯔ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯔꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯈꯣꯡꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯗꯤ. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sub id=&quot;mwAhY&quot;&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯠꯅꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ, ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ-ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯪꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯦꯛꯁꯤꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯟꯖꯤꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛꯁꯨ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ  ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯂꯝꯗ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯑꯃꯥꯗꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯄꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯦꯝꯃꯤ ꯫

== ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:CdTe_PlasmaChem_spectra-en.svg|thumb|ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯇꯤ. ꯏ. ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯫ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟꯠꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫]]
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯀꯝꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯃꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯟ  ꯒꯦꯞ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯕꯂꯤꯇꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯁꯟ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯊꯣꯝꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯚꯦꯂꯦꯟꯁ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯄꯔꯠ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯝꯕꯤꯛ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯇꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯟ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯃꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bera|first=Debasis|last2=Qian|first2=Lei|last3=Tseng|first3=Teng-Kuan|last4=Holloway|first4=Paul H.|date=24 March 2010|title=Quantum Dots and Their Multimodal Applications: A Review|journal=Materials|volume=3|issue=4|pages=2260–2345|bibcode=2010Mate....3.2260B|doi=10.3390/ma3042260|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;


=== ꯐꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ, ꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯤꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯞ-ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Septianto|first=Ricky Dwi|last2=Miranti|first2=Retno|last3=Kikitsu|first3=Tomoka|last4=Hikima|first4=Takaaki|last5=Hashizume|first5=Daisuke|last6=Matsushita|first6=Nobuhiro|last7=Iwasa|first7=Yoshihiro|last8=Bisri|first8=Satria Zulkarnaen|date=23 May 2023|title=Enabling metallic behaviour in two-dimensional superlattice of semiconductor colloidal quantum dots|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=14|issue=1|page=2670|bibcode=2023NatCo..14.2670S|doi=10.1038/s41467-023-38216-y|issn=2041-1723|pmc=10220219|pmid=37236922}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ==
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯇꯤꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯏꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯜꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯁ  ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅꯣꯟꯂꯤꯅꯦꯔꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯣꯜ-ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯖꯤꯁꯇꯣꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯦꯗ ꯏꯐꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯏꯟꯐꯣꯔꯃꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯔꯃꯣꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zhao|first=Yixin|last2=Dyck|first2=Jeffrey S.|last3=Burda|first3=Clemens|date=2011|title=Toward high-performance nanostructured thermoelectric materials: the progress of bottom-up solution chemistry approaches|url=https://collected.jcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004&amp;context=phys-facpub|journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry|language=en|volume=21|issue=43|page=17049|doi=10.1039/c1jm11727k|issn=0959-9428|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯁꯪꯕꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯁꯤꯐꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯗꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯗ, ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Achermann7RED.jpg|right|thumb|ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯋꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯃꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯃ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Achermann|first=M.|last2=Petruska|first2=M. A.|last3=Smith|first3=D. L.|last4=Koleske|first4=D. D.|last5=Klimov|first5=V. I.|year=2004|title=Energy-transfer pumping of semiconductor nanocrystals using an epitaxial quantum well|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2004-06-10_429_6992/page/642|journal=Nature|volume=429|issue=6992|pages=642–646|bibcode=2004Natur.429..642A|doi=10.1038/nature02571|pmid=15190347}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
ꯖꯤꯔꯣ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯌꯔ-ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯨꯡꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛ-ꯄꯨꯁꯤꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗ ꯂꯦꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯐꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯒꯣꯜꯗ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯒꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯇꯦꯠ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯗꯨ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯐ (ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯦ. ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁ) ꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯃꯣꯟ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯥꯏꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯦꯔꯣ/ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯣꯗꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯨꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯇ ꯏꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯦꯂꯨꯂꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯤꯖ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯔ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ, ꯁꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯀꯨꯏꯅ ꯚꯤꯚꯣ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯔꯕꯦꯁꯟ, ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯇꯝꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯒ꯭ꯅꯣꯁꯇꯤꯛꯁ ꯇꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯩ ꯫

ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯅꯦꯟꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯄꯜꯠ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯥꯏꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯖꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕꯜꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟꯗ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄꯤ, ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛ ꯗꯦꯕꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯣꯂꯦꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫

=== ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ===
ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯅꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁꯇ, ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯒꯤ ꯇꯤꯜꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯄꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯟꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯍꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯇꯤꯜꯀꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ, ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ (ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯛꯁꯇꯤꯟꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ  ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ (ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯆꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯟꯊꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ) ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯄꯣꯔꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯲꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯉꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯱꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯗꯕ ꯃꯤꯜꯂꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯑꯋꯥꯠꯄ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯉꯥꯏꯐꯗꯅ ꯅꯣꯟꯕ꯭ꯂꯤꯡꯀꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lane|first=L. A.|last2=Smith|first2=A. M.|last3=Lian|first3=T.|last4=Nie|first4=S.|year=2014|title=Compact and Blinking-Suppressed Quantum Dots for Single-Particle Tracking in Live Cells|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry B|volume=118|issue=49|pages=14140–14147|doi=10.1021/jp5064325|pmc=4266335|pmid=25157589}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯂꯨꯔ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯔꯤꯖꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯜ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯊꯪ-ꯃꯊꯪ ꯐꯣꯀꯦꯜ-ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯞ ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯇꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜ-ꯇꯥꯏꯝ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯣꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯞꯇꯥꯕꯤꯗꯤꯟ, ꯄꯦꯞꯇꯥꯏꯗꯁ, ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦ., ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯦꯞꯇꯦꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ-ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯥꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯊꯤꯖꯟ ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯥ ꯴ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯩꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯝꯐ ꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Ballou2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ballou|first=B.|last2=Lagerholm|first2=B. C.|last3=Ernst|first3=L. A.|last4=Bruchez|first4=M. P.|last5=Waggoner|first5=A. S.|year=2004|title=Noninvasive Imaging of Quantum Dots in Mice|journal=Bioconjugate Chemistry|volume=15|issue=1|pages=79–86|doi=10.1021/bc034153y|pmid=14733586}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯕꯦꯛꯇꯤꯌꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯣꯁꯖꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯌꯥꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯖꯝ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯗ꯭ꯌꯦꯠ ꯊꯧꯁꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯑꯣꯁꯤꯗꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯖꯤꯟ꯭ꯁꯄꯨ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯐꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ-ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯝ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯕꯦꯛꯇꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯥꯌꯣꯛꯇ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Abdolmohammadi|first=Mohammad Hossein|last2=Fallahian|first2=Faranak|last3=Fakhroueian|first3=Zahra|last4=Kamalian|first4=Mozhgan|last5=Keyhanvar|first5=Peyman|last6=M Harsini|first6=Faraz|last7=Shafiekhani|first7=Azizollah|date=December 2017|title=Application of new ZnO nanoformulation and Ag/Fe/ZnO nanocomposites as water-based nanofluids to consider in vitro cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 breast cancer cells|journal=Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology|volume=45|issue=8|pages=1769–1777|doi=10.1080/21691401.2017.1290643|issn=2169-141X|pmid=28278581|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤ-ꯂꯦꯕꯦꯜꯗ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟ ꯚꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯍꯣꯡꯂꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯣꯖꯦꯟꯦꯁꯤꯁ, ꯀꯦꯟꯁꯔ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯤꯁ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯊꯦꯔꯥꯄ꯭ꯌꯨꯇꯤꯛꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯣꯁꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯝꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯄꯥꯅꯔꯤ ꯫

ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯐꯣꯔꯁꯇꯔ ꯔꯤꯖꯣꯅꯦꯟꯁ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯗꯣꯅꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯐꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯨꯠꯊꯠꯄ ꯀꯣꯑꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟ  ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯐꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯨꯐꯣꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯆꯨꯞꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯗꯤ. ꯗꯣꯅꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯇꯤ. ꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟ-ꯍꯨꯝꯖꯤꯟꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯗꯥꯏ ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯞꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯗ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯤꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯏꯟ ꯗꯤꯄꯣꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯏ. ꯇꯤ. ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯗꯛꯇ ꯎꯠꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Beane|first=Gary|last2=Boldt|first2=Klaus|last3=Kirkwood|first3=Nicholas|last4=Mulvaney|first4=Paul|date=7 August 2014|title=Energy Transfer between Quantum Dots and Conjugated Dye Molecules|journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry C|volume=118|issue=31|pages=18079–18086|doi=10.1021/jp502033d}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯚꯤꯚꯣꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯥꯇꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯒꯦꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯔꯥꯡ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ: ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯚ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯇꯤꯡ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕ ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯈꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔꯒ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯕꯥꯏꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯕ ꯇꯔꯀꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯄꯔꯃꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯐꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯪꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯦꯝꯕ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯂꯤꯝꯐꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯦꯅꯦꯖ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯚꯤꯚꯣ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ. ꯚꯤ. ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯀꯜꯆꯔ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯪꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯥꯏꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯜꯆꯔ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝꯗ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯅꯕ, ꯄꯠꯂꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯄꯠꯊꯔꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯌꯨ. ꯚꯤ. ꯏꯔꯥꯗꯤꯌꯦꯁꯟ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯗ, ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯄꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯂꯤꯃꯦꯔ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯇꯣꯛꯁꯁꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯪꯂꯦ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ  ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯟꯀꯦꯞꯁꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯊꯥꯎ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝ ꯆꯤꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ, ꯍꯤꯡꯂꯤꯕ ꯖꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯔꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯈꯪꯉꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Choi|first=H.-S.|last2=Liu|first2=W.|last3=Misra|first3=P.|last4=Tanaka|first4=E.|last5=Zimmer|first5=J. P.|last6=Ipe|first6=B. I.|last7=Bawendi|first7=M. G.|last8=Frangioni|first8=J. V.|year=2007|title=Renal clearance of quantum dots|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-biotechnology_2007-10_25_10/page/1165|journal=Nature Biotechnology|volume=25|issue=10|pages=1165–1170|doi=10.1038/nbt1340|pmc=2702539|pmid=17891134}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯗ, ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯃꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ-ꯑꯣꯄꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯥꯐꯣꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯖꯝꯗ ꯁꯣꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯁꯤꯡꯅꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯚꯦꯛꯇꯔꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁꯣꯃꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯦꯃꯤ-ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯁꯣꯜꯗ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯄꯤꯔꯛꯄ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯅꯝꯊꯗꯨꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ, ꯑꯦꯟꯗꯣꯁꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯄꯣꯠ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯍꯤꯡꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯗꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯦ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯇꯣꯁꯣꯜꯗ ꯈꯪꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯁꯨꯝꯅ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯀꯤꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯗꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Sharei|first=A.|last2=Zoldan|first2=J.|last3=Adamo|first3=A.|last4=Sim|first4=W. Y.|last5=Cho|first5=N.|last6=Jackson|first6=E.|last7=Mao|first7=S.|last8=Schneider|first8=S.|last9=Han|first9=M.-J.|year=2013|title=A vector-free microfluidic platform for intracellular delivery|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_proceedings-of-the-national-academy-of-sciences-usa_2013-02-05_110_6/page/2082|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=110|issue=6|pages=2082–2087|bibcode=2013PNAS..110.2082S|doi=10.1073/pnas.1218705110|pmc=3568376|pmid=23341631|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ===
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Sargent_Group_quantum_dot_solar_cell.jpg|thumb|ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇꯣꯔꯣꯟꯇꯣꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯁꯔꯖꯦꯟ  ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅ ꯁꯥꯈꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯟ-ꯀꯥꯁ  ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯫ ꯃꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯙꯥꯃꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯂꯩꯔꯣꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫]]
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯦꯕꯜ ꯑꯦꯕꯖꯣꯔꯞꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯏꯛ꯭ꯁꯇꯤꯟꯁꯟ ꯀꯣꯑꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯃꯩ ꯂꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯴ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯅꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ, ꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯦꯂꯦꯅꯥꯏꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ (PbSe′) ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔ ꯄꯨꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯜꯇꯤꯄꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯖꯤꯔꯦꯟꯁ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯏ. ꯖꯤ. ′) ꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ-ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ-ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯉꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯥꯟꯅ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯀꯤꯅꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯝꯗꯅ, ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ-ꯀꯟꯐꯥꯏꯟꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯎꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ (ꯂꯤꯗ ꯁꯜꯐꯥꯏꯗ, ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ-ꯕꯦꯟꯒꯦꯞ ꯍꯣꯁ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯄꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ.) (ꯄꯦꯔꯣꯚꯁ  ꯀꯤꯇꯦꯒꯨꯝꯕ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯣꯁꯠ ꯕꯦꯟꯒꯦꯞꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯩꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯀꯔꯦꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ, ꯇꯨ-ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯕꯖꯣꯔꯞ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯔꯗꯨꯅ (ꯇꯔꯃꯦꯗ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯃꯤꯗꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯕꯦꯟꯗ, ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯕꯤ.) ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯝꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯂꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯐꯪꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Alexandre|first=M.|last2=Águas|first2=H.|last3=Fortunato|first3=E.|last4=Martins|first4=R.|last5=Mendes|first5=M. J.|date=17 November 2021|title=Light management with quantum nanostructured dots-in-host semiconductors|journal=Light: Science &amp; Applications|language=en|volume=10|issue=1|page=231|bibcode=2021LSA....10..231A|doi=10.1038/s41377-021-00671-x|issn=2047-7538|pmc=8595380|pmid=34785654}}&lt;/ref&gt; ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯒꯅꯤ, ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

==== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ====
ꯑꯦꯔꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯦꯜꯐ-ꯑꯦꯁꯦꯝꯕꯜꯗ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯂꯦꯌꯔꯁ (ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯁ.) (꯴-ꯅꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯕꯦꯟꯖꯣꯏꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯅꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯕꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯂꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯔꯦꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯟꯚꯔꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯁꯤ (꯱꯰.꯷% ꯒꯤ ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ′) ꯑꯃ ꯄꯤꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯁꯤ ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ.-ꯄꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ (ꯁꯤ. ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ′ ꯐꯤꯜꯝ ꯖꯡꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯟ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦ&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

==== ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ====
ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ-ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ 5&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&quot; href=&quot;./Hybrid_solar_cell&quot; id=&quot;mwAx8&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Hybrid solar cell&quot;&gt;ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯅ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯜ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯥꯏꯗꯁꯤꯡ, ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ZnO, TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ Nb2O5 ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯨꯜ ꯔꯣꯜ-ꯇꯨ-ꯔꯣꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯱꯳.꯲% ꯄꯥꯋꯔ ꯀꯟꯚꯔꯁꯟ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤ ꯅꯥꯅꯣꯋꯥꯏꯔ/ꯄꯤ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯣ. ꯇꯤ.: ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯍꯥꯏꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯗ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Park|first=Kwang-Tae|last2=Kim|first2=Han-Jung|last3=Park|first3=Min-Joon|last4=Jeong|first4=Jun-Ho|last5=Lee|first5=Jihye|last6=Choi|first6=Dae-Geun|last7=Lee|first7=Jung-Ho|last8=Choi|first8=Jun-Hyuk|date=15 July 2015|title=13.2% efficiency Si nanowire/PEDOT:PSS hybrid solar cell using a transfer-imprinted Au mesh electrode|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=5|page=12093|bibcode=2015NatSR...512093P|doi=10.1038/srep12093|pmc=4502511|pmid=26174964}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯋꯦꯌꯔꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ====
ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ.-ꯁꯦꯟꯁꯤꯇꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯐꯪꯅꯕ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯄꯣꯔ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯔꯀꯦꯞꯇꯣꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯇ ꯊꯣꯝꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯏ. ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯦꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜ ꯖꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯋꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯋꯥꯏꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯐꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯅꯣꯗꯇ ꯍꯛꯊꯦꯡꯅꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯵꯰-꯶꯰% ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯅꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯁꯤꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Leschkies|first=Kurtis S.|last2=Divakar|first2=Ramachandran|last3=Basu|first3=Joysurya|last4=Enache-Pommer|first4=Emil|last5=Boercker|first5=Janice E.|last6=Carter|first6=C. Barry|last7=Kortshagen|first7=Uwe R.|last8=Norris|first8=David J.|last9=Aydil|first9=Eray S.|date=1 June 2007|title=Photosensitization of ZnO Nanowires with CdSe Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices|journal=Nano Letters|volume=7|issue=6|pages=1793–1798|bibcode=2007NanoL...7.1793L|doi=10.1021/nl070430o|pmid=17503867}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯋꯦꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗꯕ꯭ꯂ꯭ꯌꯨ.) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯅꯦꯅꯣꯋꯦꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯫ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯅꯥꯔ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗꯕꯂ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅ ꯁꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗꯕꯂ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯅ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ, ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗꯕꯜ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗ ꯃꯩꯅ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯩꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯃꯩꯅ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗꯕ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯁꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ  ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯌꯧꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯄꯥꯡꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯦꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯚꯣꯜꯇꯥꯏꯛ ꯗꯦꯕꯥꯏꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯟ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯏꯃꯤꯇꯤꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗ (ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ.) ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯦꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨ. ꯚꯤ.-ꯎꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯆꯨꯞꯁꯤꯟꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯅꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=Vinay|last2=Chaudhary|first2=Neeraj|last3=Srivastava|first3=Ritu|last4=Sharma|first4=Gauri Datt|last5=Bhardwaj|first5=Ramil|last6=Chand|first6=Suresh|date=6 July 2011|title=Luminscent Graphene Quantum Dots for Organic Photovoltaic Devices|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=133|issue=26|pages=9960–9963|bibcode=2011JAChS.133.9960G|doi=10.1021/ja2036749|pmid=21650464}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ===

==== ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯕ ====
ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯊꯝꯕꯗ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯒꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯟ, ꯑꯣ. ꯗꯨꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯒ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯀ ꯆꯥꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯩꯆ./ꯖꯤ. ꯋꯥꯏ.) ꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ, ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯥꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯟ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯗꯣꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯄꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯩꯆ./ꯖꯤ. ꯲꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯶꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ, ꯗꯣꯞ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯶꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Shouji|last2=Xu|first2=Guobao|last3=Wei|first3=Xiaolin|last4=Yang|first4=Liwen|date=March 2024|title=Quasi-spherical N-doped Carbon aggregates embedded with massive MnO quantum dots as High-performance Anodes for Li ion batteries|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359646223006796|journal=Scripta Materialia|language=en|volume=242|pages=115958|doi=10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115958|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯄꯤ.-ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯦꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯄꯤ.-ꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ/ꯖꯤ. ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ,-Z &quot;/ꯑꯣꯍꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯳꯰꯰ꯗ ꯌꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯝ ꯲꯵꯰ꯗꯤ Z&quot;/ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯄꯤ-ꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯳꯰꯰-Z &quot;-ꯑꯣꯍꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯶꯵꯰ Z&quot;/ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯧꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Shaker 100516&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Shaker|first=Majid|last2=Shahalizade|first2=Taieb|last3=Mumtaz|first3=Asim|last4=Hemmati Saznaghi|first4=Maryam|last5=Javanmardi|first5=Shayan|last6=Gaho|first6=Mehran Ali|last7=Cao|first7=Weiqi|last8=Hu|first8=Wei|last9=Jin|first9=Zhan|date=July 2023|title=A review on the role of graphene quantum dots and carbon quantum dots in secondary-ion battery electrodes|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S245226272300048X|journal=FlatChem|language=en|volume=40|pages=100516|doi=10.1016/j.flatc.2023.100516|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ====
ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯗꯤ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯅ ꯑꯦꯟꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯑꯦꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛꯊꯣꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅ, ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ (ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ′ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ) ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯕꯦꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩꯒꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯥꯔꯖꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯋꯦꯚꯂꯦꯡ꯭ꯊꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯒ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯒꯠꯍꯜꯂꯤ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Reed|first=Mark A.|date=1993|title=Quantum Dots|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24941343|journal=Scientific American|volume=268|issue=1|pages=118–123|issn=0036-8733}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ====
ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯲D-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯣꯐꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯃꯣꯔꯐꯁ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯦꯡꯕ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯟ, ꯑꯣ. ꯗꯨꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯒ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯀ ꯆꯥꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯥꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ (ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯩꯆ./ꯖꯤ. ꯋꯥꯏ.) ꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ, ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯄꯥꯏꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯕꯨ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯟ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯗꯣꯞ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟꯠꯀꯤ ꯁꯧꯒꯠꯄꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯩꯆ./ꯖꯤ. ꯲꯵꯰ꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯅꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ ꯂꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜ ꯰ꯗꯒꯤ ꯶꯰ ꯐꯥꯎꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ, ꯗꯣꯞ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯶꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Huang|first=Shouji|last2=Xu|first2=Guobao|last3=Wei|first3=Xiaolin|last4=Yang|first4=Liwen|date=March 2024|title=Quasi-spherical N-doped Carbon aggregates embedded with massive MnO quantum dots as High-performance Anodes for Li ion batteries|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359646223006796|journal=Scripta Materialia|language=en|volume=242|pages=115958|doi=10.1016/j.scriptamat.2023.115958|url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯄꯤ.-ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯀꯝꯄꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯦꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯗꯤꯁꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯇ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯒꯠꯂꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯝꯄꯤꯗꯦꯟꯁ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯐꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯄꯤ.-ꯁꯤꯑꯦꯜ/ꯖꯤ. ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ,-Z &quot;/ꯑꯣꯍꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯳꯰꯰ꯗ ꯌꯧꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯝ ꯲꯵꯰ꯗꯤ Z&quot;/ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯄꯤ-ꯁꯤꯑꯦꯂꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯳꯰꯰-Z &quot;-ꯑꯣꯍꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯶꯵꯰ Z&quot;/ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯧꯏ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Shaker 100516&quot;/&gt;

==== ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ====
ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯥꯏꯠ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯕꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯲D-ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯛ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯣꯐꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯂꯤ ꯫

ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯣꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯃꯣꯔꯐꯁ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁꯤꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯗ ꯃꯣꯅꯣ-ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯌꯔꯗ ꯈꯔ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯥꯐꯤꯟꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯠꯂꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Shaker 100516&quot;/&gt;

=== ꯃꯩ-ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ===
ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯩ-ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯣꯗ (ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ′ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ) ꯐꯒꯠꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯂꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯂꯥꯏꯠ-ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯗꯤꯑꯣꯗ (ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ.-ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ, ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯣꯅꯣꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯩ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ.-ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯁꯤꯂꯤꯀꯣꯟꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯃꯦꯀꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯤꯁꯇꯦꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫

=== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯎꯠꯄ ===
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Samsung_QLED_TV_8K_-_75_inches_-_2018-11-02.jpg|thumb|ꯁꯦꯝꯁꯥꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯇꯤ. ꯚꯤ ꯸ ꯀꯦ, ꯷꯵ ꯏꯟꯆꯤꯁ (꯱꯹꯰ ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯝ.) ]]
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯊꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯃꯜ ꯂꯦꯞꯏ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯀꯛꯅꯕ ꯒꯣꯁꯤꯌꯟ ꯌꯦꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯂꯤꯞ (ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ.) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ  ꯂꯦꯝꯞꯁꯤꯡ (ꯁꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯌꯦꯠ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯕꯦꯛꯂꯤꯠ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯄꯤꯛꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯐꯤꯜꯇꯔ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍ꯭ꯋꯤꯠ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯨꯠꯇ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ-ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯩꯒꯤ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯕꯦꯛꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯏꯟꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯗ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯖꯔ ꯁꯤꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ ꯃꯩꯗ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯄꯤꯛꯁꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯩ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯉꯝꯍꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯕꯦꯛꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯅ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯖꯤ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ

ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯗꯤꯁ꯭ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯡ ꯐꯪꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯂꯨꯃꯤꯅꯦꯁꯦꯟꯠ (ꯏ. ꯑꯦꯜ.) ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇꯔ-ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯤꯚ ꯃꯦꯊꯗꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗ ꯄꯤꯛꯁꯦꯜ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯠ ꯑꯦꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯜ ꯇꯧꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯃꯁꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯃꯩꯅ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯅ, ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯥꯝꯗꯅ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣ-ꯏꯃꯤꯁꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ.-ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯇꯤ. ꯚꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯦꯕꯔꯦꯇꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯫

ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯉꯝꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯕꯨ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯗꯤꯁꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯟꯅꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯁꯤ. ꯗꯤ. ꯗꯤꯁꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯁꯪꯕ, ꯍꯤꯒꯣꯛ-ꯌꯦꯂꯣ ꯃꯔꯥꯡ ꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯍ꯭ꯋꯤꯠ ꯂꯥꯏꯠꯄꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅ ꯃꯩ ꯊꯥꯅꯕ ꯃꯩꯗ ꯑꯣꯟꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯩ ꯃꯥꯡꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯅ, ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯃꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯛꯇꯃꯛ ꯃꯃꯥꯏꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕ, ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯂꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯩ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯔꯕ ꯃꯃꯥꯏ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯂꯂꯣꯟ-ꯏꯇꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯱꯳ꯗ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤꯕ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯚꯤꯖꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯅꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁ. ꯕꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯛꯁ ꯹꯰꯰ ꯑꯦ. ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯖꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯰꯶ ꯀꯤ ꯖꯨꯟ ꯊꯥꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯚꯤꯖꯟꯅ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯨꯐ-ꯑꯣꯐ-ꯀꯟꯖꯦꯞ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯥꯏꯄꯥꯛꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯥꯎꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯝꯒꯤ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯦꯗ ꯃꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯛꯇ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯄꯣꯊꯣꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ ꯇꯤꯞ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ.-ꯑꯦꯜ. ꯏ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯃ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟꯁ ꯅꯌꯔ-ꯐꯤꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯥꯏꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯀꯣꯞ (ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯣ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ′ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡ) ꯎꯠꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hoshino|first=Kazunori|last2=Gopal|first2=Ashwini|last3=Glaz|first3=Micah S.|last4=Vanden Bout|first4=David A.|last5=Zhang|first5=Xiaojing|year=2012|title=Nanoscale fluorescence imaging with quantum dot near-field electroluminescence|journal=Applied Physics Letters|volume=101|issue=4|page=043118|bibcode=2012ApPhL.101d3118H|doi=10.1063/1.4739235}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ (ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ′) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯆꯠꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯜ-ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯂꯥꯏꯟ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯄꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯨꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯋꯤꯟꯗꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯗꯕꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯔꯒꯅꯤꯛ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯡꯉꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯃꯔꯣꯝꯗꯅ, ꯁꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯁꯟ-ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁꯕꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯏꯟꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯦꯗ ꯁꯔꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯄꯣꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁ ꯇꯧꯕꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯚꯤꯖꯤꯕꯜ-ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯔꯦꯗ-ꯂꯥꯏꯠ ꯀꯦꯃꯦꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ, ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯟ ꯚꯤꯖꯟ, ꯏꯟꯗꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯜ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ, ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯣꯔꯣꯁꯦꯟ  ꯕꯥꯏꯑꯣꯃꯦꯗꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯃꯦꯖꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩ ꯫

=== ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯁꯣꯂꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯕꯨ ꯍꯥꯏꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯩꯅ ꯆꯂꯥꯏꯕ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯁ  ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯏ ꯫ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ, ꯕꯦꯟ  ꯒꯦꯞ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯖꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯑꯀꯣꯏꯕꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯍꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯔꯤꯗꯣꯛꯁ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯧꯒꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ, ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯀꯦꯇꯦꯂꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯕꯇꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯟꯐꯥꯏꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯝꯗꯤ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏ ꯊꯣꯝꯊꯔꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯦꯞꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯀꯦꯇꯥꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯁ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗ ꯑꯔꯦꯞꯄ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯛꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡ (ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯂꯤꯒꯦꯟꯗ꯭ꯁ) ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯦꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯐꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯟ꯭ꯁꯐꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯍꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯇꯤꯚꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯀꯥꯏꯕ ꯄꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯁꯨ ꯅꯠꯇꯅ, ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯜ ꯆꯦꯜꯀꯣꯖꯦꯟꯥꯏꯗꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯗꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯔꯦꯞꯄ ꯂꯩꯇꯅ ꯂꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯣꯇꯣ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯖꯟ ꯔꯤꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯣꯛꯏ ꯫
==ꯐꯟꯗꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯌꯦꯜꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ==
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ꯭ꯁ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕꯗꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯅꯤ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ, ꯀꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯁꯨ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯎꯠꯂꯗꯨꯅ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯣꯂꯤꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯤꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯇꯣꯞ-ꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯈꯨꯠꯅꯥꯏꯕ ꯁꯣꯂꯤꯗ-ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯂꯦꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫[꯱]

== ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤ ==
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯣꯏꯟ ꯀꯨꯝꯕ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯖꯤꯔꯣ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯦꯜ (0D′) ꯑꯦꯟꯇꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯆꯥꯡ, ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ, ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯊꯔꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯃꯒꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯃꯣꯜꯇꯤꯡ-ꯄꯣꯏꯟ ꯗꯤꯄ꯭꯭ꯔꯦꯁꯟ ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯇꯥꯂꯤꯛ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨ. ꯗꯤ. ꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯥꯏ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯦꯇꯦꯔꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯅ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫

== ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟꯠ ==
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Quantum_dot.png|right|thumb|ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯳D ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯦꯠ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯐꯪꯁꯟ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ, ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯦꯡꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯡꯒꯨꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯦꯡꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯑꯦꯁ-ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ''ꯄꯤ''-ꯇꯥꯏꯞ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯗꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯃꯛ, ꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯡꯒꯨꯂꯔ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯋꯦꯕ ꯐꯡꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟ ꯁꯤꯃꯤꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯌꯥꯟꯁꯤꯜꯂꯤ ꯫  (ꯑꯦꯅꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯅꯝꯃꯨ) ]]
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯄꯥꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯃꯗꯨꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯅ ꯕꯣꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯖꯔꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯁꯖꯔꯕ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯀꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯀ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ, ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯍꯨꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ 'ꯑꯀꯟꯕ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟ  ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏ, ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅ ꯀꯣꯟꯐꯤꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯔꯤꯖꯤꯝꯅ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯝꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯁꯣꯟꯕ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟ  &quot;ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯝꯗ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ, ꯃꯊꯪꯁꯤꯠꯅ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯝꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯦꯛꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯫ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯕꯣꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯟꯐꯤꯟꯃꯦꯟ  ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ 'ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯀꯣꯟꯐꯤꯅꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯔꯦꯖꯤꯝ &quot;ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯀꯧꯋꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Richter2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Richter|first=Marten|date=26 June 2017|title=Nanoplatelets as material system between strong confinement and weak confinement|journal=Physical Review Materials|volume=1|issue=1|page=016001|arxiv=1705.05333|bibcode=2017PhRvM...1a6001R|doi=10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.016001|eissn=2475-9953}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ꯐꯥꯏꯜ:Quantum_confinement_effect.jpg|right|thumb|ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯠꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯫ ꯍꯔꯤꯖꯣꯟꯇꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦ&lt;sub&gt;ꯕꯤ&lt;/sub&gt; * ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯅꯤ ꯫]]

; Band gap energy
: The band gap can become smaller in the strong confinement regime as the energy levels split up. The exciton Bohr radius can be expressed as:
:: &lt;math&gt;a^*_{\rm B}=\varepsilon_{\rm r}\left(\frac{m}{\mu}\right) a_{\rm B}&lt;/math&gt;
: where ''a''&lt;sub&gt;B&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.053&amp;nbsp;nm is the Bohr radius, ''m'' is the mass, ''μ'' is the reduced mass, and ''ε''&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt; is the size-dependent dielectric constant (relative permittivity). This results in the increase in the total emission energy (the sum of the energy levels in the smaller band gaps in the strong confinement regime is larger than the energy levels in the band gaps of the original levels in the weak confinement regime) and the emission at various wavelengths. If the size distribution of QDs is not enough peaked, the convolution of multiple emission wavelengths is observed as a continuous spectra.
; Confinement energy
: The exciton entity can be modeled using the particle in the box. The electron and the hole can be seen as hydrogen in the Bohr model with the hydrogen nucleus replaced by the hole of positive charge and negative electron mass. Then the energy levels of the exciton can be represented as the solution to the particle in a box at the ground level (''n''&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;1) with the mass replaced by the reduced mass. Thus by varying the size of the quantum dot, the confinement energy of the exciton can be controlled.

; ꯕꯥꯎꯟ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ
: ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯔꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯣꯖꯤꯇꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯆꯥꯔ꯭ꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕ ꯑꯍꯣꯕ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯀꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕꯀꯤ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯩ ꯫ ꯄꯨꯛꯅꯤꯡ ꯆꯤꯡꯁꯤꯟꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯅꯦꯒꯦꯇꯤꯕ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯔꯥꯏꯗꯕꯔ꯭ꯒꯀꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟ ꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯨꯋꯥꯌꯔꯒ ꯑꯣꯟꯅ-ꯇꯩꯅꯕꯗ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯇꯜꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯛꯖꯤꯇꯣꯟ ꯕꯣꯔ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ, ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯆꯥꯅꯅꯕ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯝꯕ ꯏꯟꯇꯔꯑꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯦꯝꯗꯣꯛ-ꯁꯦꯝꯖꯤꯟ ꯇꯧꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯄꯨꯟꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯁꯀꯤ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯁꯟ:

: &lt;math&gt;\begin{align}
  E_\textrm{confinement} &amp;= \frac{\hbar^2\pi^2}{2 a^2}\left(\frac{1}{m_{\rm e}} + \frac{1}{m_{\rm h}}\right) = \frac{\hbar^2\pi^2}{2\mu a^2}\\[6px]
  E_\textrm{exciton}    &amp;= -\frac{1}{\varepsilon_{\rm r}^2}\frac{\mu}{m_{\rm e}}R_y = -R_y^*\\[6px]
  E &amp;= E_\textrm{band gap} + E_\textrm{confinement} + E_\textrm{exciton}\\
    &amp;= E_\textrm{band gap} + \frac{\hbar^2\pi^2}{2\mu a^2} - R^*_y
\end{align}&lt;/math&gt;

ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ''μ'' ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯥꯁꯅꯤ, a ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯔꯦꯗꯤꯌꯁꯅꯤ, ''m''&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt; ꯑꯁꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯃꯥꯁꯅꯤ; ''m''&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; ꯅ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯃꯦꯁꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ  ''ε&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt;''  ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯌꯨꯝꯐꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯀꯟꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯅꯤ ꯫

ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯄꯟꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯕ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯃꯗꯨꯗꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯣꯡꯗꯣꯛꯄꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯈꯛꯇ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯉꯤ ꯫ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯠꯄ ꯉꯝꯗꯦ ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯟꯐꯤꯟꯃꯦꯟꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯒꯠꯂꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Greenemeier|first=L.|date=5 February 2008|title=New Electronics Promise Wireless at Warp Speed|url=http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=metal-insulator-electronics-wireless|journal=Scientific American}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯝꯇꯣꯇꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯄꯣꯁꯤꯃꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯕ ꯐꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯦꯠ ꯀꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯀꯨꯂꯣꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩꯁꯤꯡꯅꯁꯨ ꯅꯩꯅꯒꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ramírez|first=H. Y.|last2=Santana|first2=A.|year=2012|title=Two interacting electrons confined in a 3D parabolic cylindrically symmetric potential, in presence of axial magnetic field: A finite element approach|journal=Computer Physics Communications|volume=183|issue=8|page=1654|bibcode=2012CoPhC.183.1654R|doi=10.1016/j.cpc.2012.03.002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯃꯛꯇ ꯐꯥꯖꯤꯟꯗꯨꯅ ꯊꯝꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ (ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ, ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯃ) ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯠꯝ ꯀꯦꯟꯗꯦꯠ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀꯟꯗꯛꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ:

* ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯍꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯁꯨꯕꯗ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯝꯅꯥ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯫
* ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯑꯍꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯝꯂꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯗ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯒꯦꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯍꯜꯂꯤꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯋꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯫

=== ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯅꯤꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇ꯭ꯔꯛꯆꯔꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯦꯝꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯦꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯝꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯥꯏꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯜ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫

=== ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁ ===
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯂꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯁꯤꯎꯗꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯔꯥꯟꯗꯦꯝ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯒ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zumbühl|first=D. M.|last2=Miller|first2=J. B.|last3=Marcus|first3=C. M.|last4=Campman|first4=K.|last5=Gossard|first5=A. C.|year=2002|title=Spin–orbit coupling, antilocalization, and parallel magnetic fields in quantum dots|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=89|issue=27|page=276803|arxiv=cond-mat/0208436|bibcode=2002PhRvL..89A6803Z|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.89.276803|pmid=12513231}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ====
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯃ ꯌꯥꯎꯋꯤ ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯑꯦꯟ-ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯊꯔꯃꯣꯗꯥꯏꯅꯥꯃꯤꯛ ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯤꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯄꯤ ꯫

: &lt;math&gt;\mu(N) = E(N) - E(N-1)&lt;/math&gt;

ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯍꯩꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ &lt;nowiki&gt;'''ꯁ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯤꯡꯒꯔ ꯏꯀ꯭ꯋꯦꯁꯟ'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;ꯒꯤ ꯁꯣꯂꯨꯁꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯫ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯀꯤ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ,

: &lt;math&gt;\frac{1}{C} \equiv \frac{\Delta V}{\Delta Q}&lt;/math&gt;

ꯑꯣꯏꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯗꯤꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯟꯆ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ

: &lt;math&gt;\Delta V = \frac{\Delta \mu}{e} = \frac{\mu(N+\Delta N) -\mu(N)}{e}&lt;/math&gt;

ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯕ ꯅꯠꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯒ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯇꯨꯅ ꯀ ꯭ ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ,

: &lt;math&gt;\Delta N = 1 \quad \text{and} \quad \Delta Q = e&lt;/math&gt;

ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ

: &lt;math&gt;C(N) = \frac{e^2}{\mu(N+1)-\mu(N)} = \frac{e^2}{I(N)-A(N)}&lt;/math&gt;

ꯃꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯀꯦꯄꯦꯁꯤꯇꯦꯟꯁꯅꯤ, ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯗꯨꯗ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯑꯥꯏꯌꯣꯅꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯣꯇꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯜ ''I''(''N'')) ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ  {{math|''A''(''N'')}}  ꯅ ꯑꯦꯟ-ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯑꯦꯐꯤꯅꯤꯇꯤ ꯇꯥꯛꯏ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=Iafrate|first=G. J.|last2=Hess|first2=K.|last3=Krieger|first3=J. B.|last4=Macucci|first4=M.|year=1995|title=Capacitive nature of atomic-sized structures|journal=Physical Review B|volume=52|issue=15|pages=10737–10739|bibcode=1995PhRvB..5210737I|doi=10.1103/physrevb.52.10737|pmid=9980157}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯛꯁ ====
ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯝꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫

ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯝꯁꯟ, ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯝ ꯄꯨꯗꯤꯡ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯜ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;
{{Cite journal|last=Bednarek|first=S.|last2=Szafran|first2=B.|last3=Adamowski|first3=J.|year=1999|title=Many-electron artificial atoms|journal=Physical Review B|volume=59|issue=20|pages=13036–13042|bibcode=1999PhRvB..5913036B|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.59.13036}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯃꯨꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯅꯤꯃꯛꯀꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ ꯫ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯤꯐꯤꯁ꯭ꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯌꯣꯗꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ&quot; ꯑꯃ ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯑꯅꯤꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ, ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯌꯣꯗꯤꯛ ꯇꯦꯕꯜ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯨꯡꯅ ꯐꯪꯕ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯦꯇꯣꯝꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯐꯪꯂꯤꯕ ꯗꯤꯃꯦꯟꯁꯜ ꯑꯍꯨꯝꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯝꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟ ꯁꯦꯜ-ꯐꯤꯂꯤꯡ ꯄꯦꯇꯔꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯑꯃ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯣꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯐꯕ ꯗꯥꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯤꯌꯔ ꯑꯃꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯇꯥꯛꯂꯤꯕ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯔꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯇꯤꯛ ꯃꯣꯗꯦꯂꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=LaFave|first=T. Jr.|year=2013|title=The discrete charge dielectric model of electrostatic energy|journal=Journal of Electrostatics|volume=69|issue=5|pages=414–418|arxiv=1403.2591|doi=10.1016/j.elstat.2013.10.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ ==
ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯎꯄꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯨꯄꯥ, ꯁꯅꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯦꯗꯃꯤꯌꯝꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯄꯧꯗꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯍꯥꯞꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯆꯨꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯁꯦꯝꯕ ꯉꯝꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯨꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯅꯕ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯏꯪ-ꯑꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯱꯹ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯆꯍꯤꯆꯥꯗ, ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯔꯝꯅ ꯃꯆꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯤꯇꯤꯡ-ꯀꯨꯂꯤꯡ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯨ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯆꯞ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯦꯝ ꯁꯥꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ, ꯃꯆꯨ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯎꯄꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Montanarella|first=Federico|last2=Kovalenko|first2=Maksym V.|date=2022-04-26|title=Three Millennia of Nanocrystals|journal=ACS Nano|language=en|volume=16|issue=4|pages=5085–5102|doi=10.1021/acsnano.1c11159|issn=1936-0851|pmc=9046976|pmid=35325541}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ꯍꯔꯕꯠ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯍꯂꯤꯆꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯳꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯣꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯦꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯄꯤꯛ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟꯗ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯈꯤ ꯫

ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯱꯹꯸꯱ ꯗ ꯚꯕꯤꯂꯣꯚ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯇ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯣꯅꯨꯁꯆꯦꯟꯀꯣ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯀꯤꯃꯣꯚꯅ ꯒ꯭ꯂꯥꯁ ꯃꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯦꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯳ ꯗ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯁꯇ ꯂꯨꯏ ꯏ. ꯕ꯭ꯔꯁ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞꯅ ꯅꯤꯡꯇꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯀꯣꯂꯣꯏꯗꯦꯜ ꯁꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯲ ꯗ ꯑꯂꯦꯛꯖꯦꯟꯗꯔ ꯏꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯁ ꯊꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯏꯐꯦꯛꯠꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯨꯅꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯁꯤ ꯊꯨꯅ ꯈꯪꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Heiner2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Linke|first=Heiner|date=3 October 2023|title=Quantum dots — seeds of nanoscience|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2023/10/advanced-chemistryprize2023.pdf|journal=The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ'' ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯶ꯇ ꯃꯥꯔꯛ ꯔꯤꯗ ꯏꯕ ꯆꯦ ꯑꯃꯗ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠ&quot; ꯍꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥꯍꯩ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯦꯅꯤꯌꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯀꯦꯝꯂꯥ [ꯗꯦ] ꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯕꯦꯜ ꯂꯦꯕꯇ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯔꯤꯉꯩꯗ ꯁꯦꯝꯈꯤ ꯫[de]

ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯹꯳ ꯗ ꯃꯥꯁꯥꯆꯨꯁꯦꯠꯁ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤ ꯗꯦꯋꯤꯗ ꯖꯦ. ꯅꯣꯔ꯭ꯁ, ꯀ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯐꯔ ꯕꯤ. ꯃꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯋꯦꯟꯗꯤ ꯐꯖꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯅ ꯇꯥꯛꯄ ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯑꯣꯞꯇꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯂꯤꯇꯤꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯑꯃꯨꯛ ꯍꯟꯅ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯏꯟꯖꯦꯛꯁꯟ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯃꯦꯊꯗ ꯑꯃꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯄꯥꯎꯗꯝꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯗꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ-ꯆꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯅꯣꯂꯣꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯥꯡꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫&lt;ref name=&quot;Heiner2&quot;/&gt;

ꯀꯦꯃꯤꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯲꯰꯲꯳ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯕꯥꯋꯦꯟꯗꯤ, ꯂꯨꯏ ꯏ. ꯕ꯭ꯔꯨꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯀꯤꯃꯣꯚ &quot;ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯟꯇꯝ ꯏꯂꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯟꯊꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯇꯧꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ&quot; ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫

== ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ==</text>
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