ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ mniwiki https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%8F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯋꯤꯀꯤꯄꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯐꯥꯏꯜ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯋꯤꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯌꯥꯋꯤꯀꯤ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯇꯦꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯠ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ ꯋꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯐꯝ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 5312 62339 31601 2026-10-07T11:46:36Z EmausBot 32 Fixing double redirect from [[ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯥꯢ]] to [[ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯥꯏ]] 62339 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ꯆꯤꯡꯂꯥꯏ]] 5jp78vbl04n2eac4whab5qce6ugmm32 0 11638 62336 59466 2026-10-07T00:17:11Z InternetArchiveBot 372 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 62336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- Basic info -->| name = ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ | official_name = | native_name = | other_name = ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯦ | settlement_type = [[ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯃꯌꯣꯜꯂꯝ]] | image_shield = SealofMumbai.jpg | image_skyline = {{Photomontage | photo1a = Mumbai Skyline at Night.jpg | photo4a = Mumbai.jpg | photo3a = Gateway of India -Mumbai.jpg | photo3b = Taj Hotel, Mumbai - India. (14132561875).jpg | photo4b = Buildings near Nariman Point, Mumbai.jpg | photo5a = Bandra Worli Sea-Link (cropped).jpg | photo5b = CSTM Mumbai Panoramic view by Dr. Raju Kasambe 20190712 (4) (cropped and fixed angles).jpg | photo6a = South-mumbai-2020.jpg | spacing = 4 | color_border = #36454F | color = #301934 | size = 300 }} | image_alt = | image_caption = ''ꯃꯇꯣꯟꯗꯒꯤ, ꯑꯣꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯌꯦꯠ'': [[ꯈꯥ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ]]ꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯛ,[[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯒꯥꯜ]], [[ꯇꯥꯖ ꯃꯍꯜ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡ ꯍꯣꯇꯦꯜ]], ꯇꯥꯔꯗꯤꯑꯣ ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯛ, [[ꯅꯥꯔꯤꯃꯥꯟ ꯄꯣꯏꯟꯠ]] ꯌꯨꯝꯁꯥ, [[ꯕꯟꯗ꯭ꯔꯥ-‍ꯋꯣꯔꯂꯤ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯝꯅꯐꯝ]], [[ꯆꯥꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯄꯥꯇꯤ ꯁꯤꯚꯥꯖꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯇꯔꯃꯤꯅꯁ]], ꯅꯦꯝꯊꯕ ꯄꯥꯔꯦꯜ ꯱ꯁꯨꯡ [[ꯋꯣꯔꯂꯤ]] ꯄꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯊꯛ | flag_size = | nickname = ꯏꯊꯠ ꯷ꯀꯤ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯜ,<ref>{{cite web |title=ꯏꯊꯠ ꯷ |url=http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/physical/geo/7islands.html |publisher=The Mumbai Pages |date=16 July 1995 |access-date=27 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026175045/http://theory.tifr.res.in/bombay/physical/geo/7islands.html |archive-date=26 October 2012 }}</ref> Indian [[ꯕꯣꯂꯤꯋꯨꯗ]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.daytodaygk.com/indian-cities-and-their-nicknames-complete-list/|title=Indian Cities and Their Nicknames - Complete List|date=22 July 2015|access-date=31 October 2021|archive-date=1 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101063027/https://www.daytodaygk.com/indian-cities-and-their-nicknames-complete-list/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯡꯒꯥꯜ]], City of Dreams | image_map = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=y|frame-width=300|frame-height=300|frame-align=center|type=shape|from=India/Maharashtra/Mumbai City.map}} | map_caption = ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯃꯦꯞ ꯁꯔꯨꯛꯁꯤꯡ | mapsize = | map_alt = ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯣꯡꯆꯨꯞ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯏꯄꯥꯛ ꯃꯄꯥꯟ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯜꯗ ꯂꯩ ꯫ | pushpin_map = Mumbai#India Maharashtra#India#Asia#Earth | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Mumbai##Location in Maharashtra##Location in India##Location in Asia##Location on Earth | pushpin_mapsize = 300 | coordinates = {{coord|19.0759899|N|72.8773928|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ꯂꯩꯄꯥꯛ | subdivision_name = {{flag|India}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯇꯦꯔꯤꯇꯣꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ|ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯗ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ|ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ]] | subdivision_type3 = [[ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯄꯔꯤꯡ|ꯄꯅꯥ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ꯀꯣꯟꯀꯥꯟ ꯈꯥꯏꯗꯣꯛꯄ|ꯀꯣꯟꯀꯥꯟ]] | subdivision_name3 = [[ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯜ ꯄꯅꯥ|ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯜ]]<br />[[ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯁꯨꯕꯨꯔꯕꯟ ꯄꯅꯥ|ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ ꯁꯨꯕꯨꯔꯕꯟ]] | established_title = ꯑꯍꯥꯟ ꯈꯨꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕ | established_date = ꯱꯵꯰꯷ | named_for = [[ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯗꯦꯕꯤ]] | government_type = [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ|ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ]] | governing_body = [[ꯆꯧꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯨꯅꯤꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯀꯣꯔꯄꯣꯔꯦꯁꯟ]] | leader_title = [[ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯣꯔ|ꯃꯌꯣꯔ]] | leader_name = [[ꯀꯤꯁꯣꯔꯤ ꯄꯦꯗꯅꯦꯀꯔ]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Kishori Pednekar's journey: From nursing Shiv Sena's image in BMC to mayoral office |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/kishori-pednekars-journey-from-nursing-shiv-senas-image-in-bmc-to-mayoral-office |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=Latest Indian news, Top Breaking headlines, Today Headlines, Top Stories at Free Press Journal |date=26 November 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Pinto |first1=Richa |title=Mumbai Mayor: Shiv Sena's Kishori Pednekar named Mumbai mayor {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/shiv-senas-kishori-pednekar-named-mumbai-mayor/articleshow/72182037.cms |access-date=27 November 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=22 November 2019 }}</ref> | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 603 | area_rank = | area_metro_km2 = 4355 | area_metro_sq_mi = 1681.5 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 14 | population_total = 12,478,447 | population_as_of = ꯲꯰꯱꯱ | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-maharashtra.php|title=Maharashtra (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006153720/http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-maharashtra.php|archive-date=6 October 2014}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 18,414,288 <br/>20,748,395 (Extended UA) | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name="extended UA 2011">{{cite web|title=INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011|url=http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3|website=Press Information Bureau, Mumbai|publisher=National Informatics Centre|access-date=20 August 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630112755/http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3|archive-date=30 June 2015}}</ref> | population_rank = [[ꯏꯟꯗꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯕ ꯂꯝꯂꯦꯜ|ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ]] | population_demonym = ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯀꯥꯔ, ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯦꯌꯥꯏꯠ, ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏꯇꯦ<ref name=MumbaiitesinMH>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CNmGAwAAQBAJ&q=mumbaiites&pg=PA75 |author=Neela Dabir, Naina Athale |title=From Street to Hope |date=7 June 2011 |publisher=Sage Publications Private Limited, Mathura Road, [[ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯗꯦꯜꯍꯤ]] |page=76|isbn=9788132107651 }}</ref> | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|ꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯁꯇꯤ]] | utc_offset1 = +꯵:꯳꯰ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|ꯄꯤꯑꯥꯏꯑꯦꯟ]] | postal_code = ꯴꯰꯰꯰꯰꯱ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯴꯰꯰꯱꯰꯷ | area_code = [[Telephone numbers in India|+꯹꯱-꯲꯲]] | registration_plate = {{hlist|MH-01 Mumbai(S/C), MH-02 Mumbai(W), MH-03 Mumbai(E), MH-47 Borivali}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Maharashtra Government-Know Your RTO|url=https://transport.maharashtra.gov.in/site/upload/pdf/Know%20Your%20RTO.pdf|access-date=21 October 2019}}</ref><!--RTO offices in Mumbai as per Maharashtra Government RTO list. Do not make changes--> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Purchasing Power Parity|ꯖꯤꯗꯤꯄꯤ(ꯄꯤꯄꯤꯄꯤ)]] | blank_info_sec1 = $꯴꯰꯰&nbsp;billion<ref name=gdp /><ref>{{Cite web|last=Nast|first=Condé|date=2019-10-14|title=Mumbai is the 12th wealthiest city in the world, leaving Paris and Toronto behind|url=https://www.gqindia.com/get-smart/content/wealthiest-cities-worldwide-in-2019-list-mumbai-is-the-12th-wealthiest-city-in-the-world|access-date=2021-09-16|website=GQ India|language=en-IN|archive-date=2021-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104125658/https://www.gqindia.com/get-smart/content/wealthiest-cities-worldwide-in-2019-list-mumbai-is-the-12th-wealthiest-city-in-the-world|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-06-03|title=Mumbai 17th in global GDP list, says survey|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/mumbai-17th-in-global-gdp-list-says-survey-4686508/|access-date=2021-09-16|website=The Indian Express|language=en}}</ref> | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|ꯑꯩꯆꯗꯤꯑꯥꯏ]] {{nobold|(2011)}} | blank1_info_sec1 = {{nowrap|{{increase}} 0.846<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tembhekar |first1=Chittaranjan |title=It's not so bad as we thought: Mumbai shows improvement on human development index {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Its-not-so-bad-as-we-thought-Mumbai-shows-improvement-on-human-development-index/articleshow/24967345.cms |access-date=2 November 2019 |work=The Times of India |date=31 October 2013 }}</ref> ({{color|green|very high}})}} | blank_name_sec2 = {{nowrap|[[ꯂꯩꯉꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯛꯈꯪꯂꯕ ꯂꯣꯟ]]}} | blank_info_sec2 = [[ꯃꯥꯔꯥꯊꯤ ꯂꯣꯟ|ꯃꯥꯔꯥꯊꯤ]]<!-- Do not add Hindi, Gujarati, Kannada, or English here --><ref name="NCLMreport">[http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf National Commissioner Linguistic Minorities 50th report, page 131] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |date= 8 July 2016 }}. Government of India. Retrieved 15 July 2015.</ref><ref name="MCGMhistmilestone">{{cite web |title=Evolution of the Corporation, Historical Milestones |url=http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlhismilestone?guest_user=english |publisher=[[Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai]] |access-date=15 July 2015 |location=Mumbai |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715172504/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlhismilestone?guest_user=english |archive-date=15 July 2015 |accessdate=31 October 2021 |archivedate=15 July 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150715172504/http://www.mcgm.gov.in/irj/portal/anonymous/qlhismilestone?guest_user=english }}</ref> | website = {{URL|https://mumbaicity.gov.in/}} | footnotes = | area_metro_footnotes = <ref name="projectsecoa1">{{cite web |url=http://www.projectsecoa.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=117&Itemid=73 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513105912/http://www.projectsecoa.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=117&Itemid=73 |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 May 2013 |title=Mumbai metropolitan area |language=it |publisher=Projectsecoa.eu |access-date=14 March 2013 |accessdate=31 October 2021 |archivedate=1 March 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301101546/http://www.projectsecoa.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=117&Itemid=73 }}</ref> | blank1_info_sec2 = | blank1_name_sec2 = }} '''ꯃꯨꯝꯕꯥꯏ''' ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯒ '''ꯕꯣꯝꯕꯦ''' ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯃꯍꯥꯔꯥꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ]] ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯅꯨꯡꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ [[ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤ]]ꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯱꯵꯰꯷ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯟꯗ ꯂꯩꯇꯥꯕ ꯍꯧꯈꯤꯕꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯤ ꯫ ==ꯃꯇꯦꯡ ꯂꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ== {{Reflist}} 3993vvlkimxwx792cibw0d7ccsoxklp 10 15947 62334 60294 2026-10-06T17:04:01Z CommonsDelinker 3105 Removing [[:c:File:Safavid_Flag.svg|Safavid_Flag.svg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Jameslwoodward|Jameslwoodward]] because: per [[:c:Commons:Deletion requests/Files uploaded by 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Fixing double redirect from [[ꯃꯨꯍꯃꯗ]] to [[ꯃꯨꯍꯝꯃꯗ]] 62337 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[ꯃꯨꯍꯝꯃꯗ]] nyriv9p29ecq7c64k9ke3g3h5aevyif 0 18511 62333 2026-10-06T17:00:55Z Awangba Mangang 25 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378864418|Francis Halzen]]" 62333 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁ ꯂꯨꯏ ꯍꯦꯜꯖꯦꯟ''' (꯱꯹꯴꯴ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯥꯔ꯭ꯆ 23ꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯜꯖꯤꯌꯝ-ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ ꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯃꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯕ ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯋꯤꯁꯀꯟꯁꯤꯟ-ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯍꯤꯜꯗꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯒꯣꯔꯤ ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯠ ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛ ꯍꯦꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔꯅꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯨꯠ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯏꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯔꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯔꯦꯛꯇꯔꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯍꯦꯜꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯲꯰꯱꯰ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯆꯠꯊꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯦꯑꯦꯟꯇꯔꯇꯤꯀꯥ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯃꯨꯟꯗꯁꯦꯟ-ꯁ꯭ꯀꯣꯠ ꯁꯥꯎꯊ ꯄꯣꯜ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯁꯟ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯔꯕꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁꯇꯦꯇꯔꯅꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ ꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ "ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯔꯕꯦꯇꯔꯇꯤꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ-ꯏꯅꯔꯖꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ" ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|last=Breeden|first=Aurelien|date=October 6, 2026|title=Nobel Prize in Physics Is Awarded to Francis Halzen|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2026/10/06/science/nobel-prize-physics.html|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> == ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯇꯝꯕ == ꯍꯥꯜꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯕꯦꯜꯖꯤꯌꯝꯗ ꯄꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯣꯛꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯶꯶ ꯇ ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯁꯤ. ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯶꯹ ꯗ ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯩꯆ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯃꯥ, ꯃꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯲ ꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯒ ꯗꯦ ꯑꯦꯜ "ꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯒ ꯭ ꯦꯟꯃꯦꯟ ꯭ ꯇ ꯁꯨꯄꯦꯔꯤꯌꯔꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯀꯦꯊꯣꯂꯤꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯤꯎꯚꯦꯟ ꯒ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯖꯨꯑꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯶꯹ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯱꯹꯷꯱ ꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯁꯤ. ꯏ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯐꯤꯛ ꯑꯦꯁꯣꯁꯤꯌꯦꯠ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯳ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯋꯤꯁꯀꯟꯁꯤꯟ-ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯁꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁꯔ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯝ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯗꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯁꯇꯦꯇꯔ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ == ꯊꯤꯖꯤꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯟꯐꯝ == ꯍꯦꯜꯖꯦꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯷꯰ ꯒꯤ ꯆꯩꯍꯤ ꯇꯔꯥꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯖꯤꯡꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯧꯅ ꯀꯣꯁꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯦ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯇꯔꯣꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ ꯆꯥꯎꯈꯠꯍꯟꯕꯗ ꯃꯥꯡꯖꯤꯜ ꯊꯥꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯇꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤ ꯫ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀꯣꯁꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯦ ꯑꯦꯅꯣꯃꯂꯤꯖ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯛ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯤꯛꯁꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯣꯁꯃꯤꯛ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯁꯨꯄꯔꯅꯣꯚꯦꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯀꯨꯔꯣꯜ ꯒꯃꯥ-ꯔꯦ ꯁꯋꯔꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯃꯨꯌꯣꯟ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯛꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯑꯉꯟꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯆꯦ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯐꯣꯡꯈꯤ ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯑꯦꯟ. ꯑꯣ., ꯇꯦꯂꯤꯁꯀꯣꯞ ꯑꯦꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯣꯒꯔ-ꯑꯞꯒ꯭ꯔꯦꯗ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯡ, ꯍꯦꯗꯦꯜꯕꯔꯒ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯈꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯃꯦꯛꯁ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯟꯛ ꯏꯟꯁꯇꯤꯇ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠꯁꯤꯡ, ꯇꯣꯀꯤꯑꯣ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯚꯔꯁꯤꯇꯤꯗ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯁꯤ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯑꯥꯔ., ꯌꯨ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯄꯔꯤꯑꯣꯔꯤꯇꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯞꯇ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯑꯦ. ꯄꯤ. ꯄꯤ. ꯁꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯑꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯛꯁꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯜ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟꯕ ꯄꯥꯎꯇꯥꯛ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯀꯝꯃꯤꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯊꯕꯛ ꯇꯧꯈ꯭ꯔꯦ ꯫ == ꯑꯃꯥꯟꯗꯥ == ꯏꯪ ꯲꯰꯲꯶ ꯇ, ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯖꯦꯛ ꯑꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯟꯁꯤꯄꯥꯜ ꯏꯟꯚꯦꯖꯤꯛꯇꯦꯇꯔ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯥꯟꯁꯤꯁ ꯍꯦꯜꯖꯦꯟꯕꯨ "ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯕ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯔꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯦꯟꯔꯖꯤ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇꯔꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ" ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ ꯫ == ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡ == ꯑꯦꯂꯟ ꯃꯥꯔꯇꯤꯟ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅꯥ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔ꯭ꯛꯁ ꯑꯦꯟ ꯂꯦꯞꯇꯟ꯭ꯁ: ꯑꯦꯟ ꯏꯟꯇ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯛꯇꯔꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ꯭ꯁ ꯏꯟ ꯃꯣꯗꯔꯟ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁ (ꯏꯪ ꯱꯹꯸꯴) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯔꯇꯤꯀꯜ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯁꯀꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔ꯭ꯗ ꯇꯦꯛꯁꯕꯨꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯄꯨꯟꯅ ꯏꯈꯤ ꯫<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ITQy9G62H0gC|title=Quark & Leptons: an Introductory Course in Modern Particle Physics|date=May 17, 2008|publisher=Wiley India Pvt. Limited|isbn=978-81-265-1656-8|language=en}}</ref> == ꯃꯅꯥꯁꯤꯡ == * 1994: ꯐꯦꯂꯣ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗꯤ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥꯟ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ * 2013: ꯃꯤꯜꯀꯤ ꯋꯦ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯗ ꯀꯣꯁ ꯭ ꯃꯤꯛ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ''ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛ ꯭ ꯁ ꯋꯥꯔꯜ ꯭ ꯗ'' ꯆꯦꯐꯣꯡꯅ ''ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯦꯛꯊ ꯭ ꯔꯨ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯗ ꯏꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯋꯥꯔ ꯭ ꯗ'' * 2015: ꯕꯥꯜꯖꯥꯟ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯖ * 2015: ꯌꯨꯔꯣꯄꯤꯌꯟ ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯁꯣꯁꯥꯏꯇꯤ ꯖꯨꯁꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯚꯟꯅꯥ ꯀꯣꯀꯣꯅꯤ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯖ * ꯏꯪ 2018: ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕ ꯗꯤꯇꯦꯛꯇꯔ ꯁꯦꯝꯒꯠꯄꯗ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯔꯤ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯌꯦꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯄꯗ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯕ ꯭ ꯔꯨꯅꯣ ꯄꯣꯟꯇꯦꯀꯣꯔꯚꯣ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯖ ꯫ * 2019: ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯌꯨ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯄꯤ. ꯒꯤ ꯌꯣꯙ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯖ * 2021: ꯍꯣꯃꯤ ꯚꯥꯚꯥ ꯃꯦꯗꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯌꯨ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯤ. ꯑꯥꯏ. ꯑꯦꯐ. ꯑꯥꯔ. ꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯥ * 2024 ꯅꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯀꯥꯗꯦꯃꯤ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯁꯥꯏꯟꯁꯁ ꯈꯟꯈꯤ * 2026: ꯑꯦ. ꯄꯤ. ꯑꯦꯁ. ꯃꯦꯗꯜ ꯐꯣꯔ ꯑꯦꯛꯁꯄꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯦꯆꯤꯚꯃꯦꯟꯠ ꯏꯟ ꯔꯤꯁꯔ ꯭ ꯆ * 2026: ꯐꯤꯖꯤꯛꯁꯇ ꯅꯣꯕꯦꯜ ꯄ ꯭ ꯔꯥꯏꯖ "ꯑꯥꯏꯁꯀ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯕ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯤꯅꯣ ꯑꯣꯕꯖꯔꯕꯦꯇꯔꯤꯗ ꯋꯥꯔꯦꯞ ꯂꯧꯅꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯂꯧꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯁ ꯭ ꯇ ꯭ ꯔꯣꯐꯤꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯔꯤꯖꯦꯟꯒꯤ ꯍꯥꯏ-ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯔꯤ ꯅ ꯭ ꯌꯨꯠꯔꯤꯅꯣꯁꯤꯡ ꯊꯤꯗꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ" <ref name=":2" /> 47qp5i623mb6d4jsmyb3jvu14ue6390