Википедиа mnwiki https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D2%AF%D2%AF%D1%80_%D1%85%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%81 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Медиа Тусгай Хэлэлцүүлэг Хэрэглэгч Хэрэглэгчийн яриа Википедиа Википедиагийн хэлэлцүүлэг Файл Файлын хэлэлцүүлэг МедиаВики МедиаВикигийн хэлэлцүүлэг Загвар Загварын хэлэлцүүлэг Тусламж Тусламжийн хэлэлцүүлэг Ангилал Ангиллын хэлэлцүүлэг TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 6500 859979 851250 2026-06-24T03:10:43Z ~2026-36507-21 105512 859979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Олон улсын туслах хэл}} {{Инфобокс хэл | name = Эсперанто | altname = {{lang|eo|Lingvo Internacia}}<ref name="Dua Libro">{{cite book |last1=Zamenhof |first1=Lazaro Ludoviko |title=Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia |date=1888 |publisher=Project Gutenberg |edition=2006 |url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20006/20006-h/20006-h.htm |access-date=15 March 2022 |language=eo |chapter=Aldono al la Dua Libro de l' Lingvo Internacia |quote=Rakontinte mallonge la tutan konstruon de l' "Lingvo internacia" kaj ĝian gramatikon,[...]}}</ref> | nativename = {{lang|eo|Esperanto}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://vortaro.net/#Esperanto_kdu | title=Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto 2020 }}</ref> | states = 120 улс;<ref name="uea">[http://uea.org/info/en/kio_estas_uea What is UEA?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150626010020/http://uea.org/info/en/kio_estas_uea |date=June 26, 2015 }}, Universal Esperanto Association, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.</ref> nowhere an official language | speakers = [[Төрөлх хэл|Төрөлх]]: 1,000 орчим | date = 2011 | ref = <ref name="hh">Harald Haarmann, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304230135/http://fischer-zim.ch/esperanto/lingvaj-temoj/haarmann--leksikono-eo.htm Eta leksikono pri lingvoj]'', 2011, archive date March 4, 2016: ''Esperanto. ... estas lernata ankaŭ de pluraj miloj da homoj en la mondo kiel gepatra lingvo.'' ("Esperanto has also been learned by several thousand people in the world as a mother tongue.")</ref> | speakers2 = [[Хоёрдогч хэл|Хоёрдогч]]: 30,000-2 сая гэж тооцоолсон * Сидни Кулберт: 2 сая орчим * Амри Вандел: 2 саяас дээш * Свенд Венделбо: 30,000–180,000<ref name="svend">63,000 &minus;50%/+200%: {{cite web|url=http://www.liberafolio.org/2017/02/13/nova-takso-60-000-parolas-esperanton/|title=Nova takso: 60.000 parolas Esperanton|trans-title=New estimate: 60,000 speak Esperanto|publisher=Libera Folio|language=eo|date=February 13, 2017|access-date=February 13, 2017|archive-date=February 13, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170213143515/http://www.liberafolio.org/2017/02/13/nova-takso-60-000-parolas-esperanton/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wandel |first1=Amri |title=HOW MANY PEOPLE SPEAK ESPERANTO? OR: ESPERANTO ON THE WEB |journal=Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems |date=2014 |quote=A simple calculation accompanied by reasonable refinements leads to a number of approximately two million Esperanto users within the internet community alone, probably significantly more worldwide}}</ref> | familycolor = Зохиомол хэл | fam1 = [[Зохиомол хэл]] | fam2 = [[Олон улсын туслах хэл]] | ancestor = [[Прото-Эсперанто]] | creator = [[Лазарус Заменхоф]] | created = 1887 | setting = Олон улсын: дэлхийн ихэнх хэсэг | posteriori = [[Европын хэлнүүд#Энэтхэг-Европын хэлний язгуур|Европын Энэтхэг-Европ хэлнүүд]],{{clarify|date=December 2023}} үгийн сан ихэвчлэн роман хэлнээс гаралтай | script = [[Латин бичиг]] ([[Эсперанто цагаан толгой]])<br />[[Эсперанто брайл]] | agency = [[Эсперанто Академи]] | iso1 = eo | iso2 = epo | iso3 = epo | linglist = epo | lingua = 51-AAB-da | image = Flag of Esperanto.svg{{!}}border | imagescale = 0.7 | imagecaption = [[Эсперантогийн бэлгэ тэмдэг|Далбаа]] | glotto = espe1235 | glottorefname = Esperanto | map = Relative number of Esperanto association members by country (2020).svg | mapcaption = [[Эсперанто газар орон]]: 2020 онд нэг сая хүн амд ногдох [[Дэлхийн Эсперанто-Холбоо|ДЭХ]]-ны гишүүдийн тоо. {{Col-begin}} {{Col-2}} {{legend|#aaaaaa|none}} {{legend|#d7f4d7|< 0.5}} {{legend|#afe9af|0.5}} {{legend|#87de87|1}} {{Col-2}} {{legend|#37c837|2&ndash;3}} {{legend|#2ca02c|4&ndash;5}} {{legend|#217821|6&ndash;9}} {{legend|#0b280b|10+}} {{Col-end}} | notice = IPA }} '''Эсперанто хэл нь''' түгээмэл тархсан бүтээмэл хэл бөгөөд Польшийн эрдэмтэн, эмч [[Лазарус Заменхоф]] 1887 онд зохиосон. Заменхоф нь Доктор Эсперанто хэмээх нууц нэр ашиглан "[[Доктор Эсперантогийн олон улсын хэл|Олон улсын хэл]]" хэмээх номоо анх танилцуулснаар уг хэлний түүх эхэлжээ. Эсперанто хэлний үгийн сангийн ихэнх нь [[Энэтхэг-Европын хэлний язгуур|Индо-Европын хэлний язгуур]]<nowiki/>ын [[Роман хэлний бүлэг|Роман хэлний бүлгийн]] үгсээс бүрэлдсэн бөгөөд дүрэм нь европын олон хэлний дүрмээс хялбарчлан зохиосон байна. Уг хэл дэлхий даяар түгээмэл тархаж, хамгийн олон ярилцагчтай болж чадсан цорын ганц зохиомол хэл юм. Эсперанто хэлийг албан ёсны хэлээр зарласан улс өдгөө хараахан байхгүй боловч Эсперанто хэлээр хамгийн их ярилцаж буй газар, бүс нутаг бүрийг Эсперанто хэлээр "''Esperantujo'' (монгол хэлээр "Эсперанто газар орон")" хэмээн нэрлэдэг. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд уг хэлний тархац улам хурдтай нэмэгдэхэд интернэт нэн чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэж байгаа ба өдгөө [[Google Translate]], [[Duolingo]], Wikipedia зэрэг томоохон платформууд уг хэлийг хэдийнээ дэмждэг болсон байна. == Түүх == === Үүсэл === Эсперанто хэлийг өнөөгийн [[Польш]] улсын нутаг, тухайн үеийн [[Оросын эзэнт гүрэн|Оросын Эзэнт Гүрний]] Белосток хэмээх сууринд аж төрдөг нүдний эмч Лазар Заменхоф 1870 оны сүүл, 1880 оны эхээр зохиосон байна. Түүний зорилго бол нэгт, хүмүүс өөр хоорондоо амар хялбар, маш түргэнээр ойлголцож болох хоёрдогч хэлийг бүтээх, хоёрт, хэлээр дамжуулан энхтайванч үзлийг дэлгэрүүлэх, ярилцагчийн хүй олныг бий болгох байсан байна. Эл хэлний нэр нь "Международный языкъ", "Lingvo Internacia" буюу "Олон улсын хэл" байсан боловч эхэн үеийн ярилцагчид зохиогчийн нь нууц нэр болох Эсперанто хэмээх нэрээр нэрлэж заншжээ. Үгийн утгыг үндсээр нь задалбал, Эспер- нь эгээрэх, найдах, итгэх, мөрөөдөх гэсэн утгатай үгийн үндэс, -ант- бол тухайн үйлийг эрхлэгч гэсэн утгыг заадаг дагавар, -о- нь жинхэнэ нэрийн төгсгөл бөгөөд итгэн найдагч, эгээрэн мөрөөдөгч гэсэн утгатай юм. === Орчин үе === 1954, 1987 онд НҮБ-ын Боловсрол, Шинжлэх ухаан, Соёлын Байгууллага (ЮНЕСКО) ээлжит чуулганаараа уг хэлний талаар хэлэлцэж, Эсперанто хэл нь олон улсын соёлын харилцааг өргөтгөн хөгжүүлэхэд хэрэглэх нь нэн чухал гэсэн тогтоолыг гаргасан байдаг. Эдүгээ эл хэлээр уг байгууллагын тогтмол хэвлэл UNESKO KURIERO хэвлэгдэн гардаг. Хэдий тийм боловч Эсперанто хэл нь [[Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллага|НҮБ]]-ын албан ёсны хэлний тоонд ороогүй хэвээр байна. Интернэтийн хэрэглээ өсөн нэмэгдсэний үр дүнд Эсперанто улам бүр түгэн дэлгэрсээр байна. == Албан хэрэглээ == Эсперанто хэлний гол байгууллагуудын нэг нь Дэлхийн Эсперанто-Холбоо бөгөөд уул байгуулллага Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллага болон ЮНЕСКО-той албан харилцаат байгууллагын статустай байгууллага юм. Эл хэл аль нэг улсын албан ёсны хэл болоогүй, харин олон улсын нэлээн олон байгууллага уг хэлийг ажил хэрэгтээ хэрэглэдэг, хэд хэдэн улсын боловсролын хөтөлбөрт орсон байдаг. Мөн манай улсад "Монголын Эсперанто хэлний нийгэмлэг" ажилладаг. Сонирхуулахад XX зууны эхээр байгуулагдаж байсан [[Мореснет улс]] Эсперанто хэлийг албан ёсны хэлээ болгож байв. БНХАУ-ын төрийн мэдлийн өдөр тутмын мэдээ мэдээллийн china.org.cn сайт 2001 оноос эхлэн Эсперанто хэлээр мэдээ нийтэлдэг болсон ба Хятадын олон улсын радио уг хэлээр мөн нэвтрүүлгээ цацдаг. Мөн ''El Popola Ĉinio'' буюу ''Ардын Эрхт Хятад улсаас'' хэмээх цахим сэтгүүл бий. Мөн Ватиканы Радио (The Vatican Radio) нь өөрсдийн цахим хуудсаа Эсперанто хэлний хувилбартай болгосон. == Интернэт дэх хэрэглээ == 2012 оны 2-р сарын 22-ны өдөр Google Translate дээр нэмэгдсэн 64 дэх хэлээр Эсперанто хэл нэмэгдсэн. 2016 онд Yandex Translate сайт мөн Эсперанто хэлийг орчуулгын машиндаа нэмсэн. 2015 оны 5-р сарын 28-ны өдөр Duolingo платформ нь англи хэлтнүүдэд зориулсан Эсперанто хэлний үнэгүй хичээлийг оруулж эхэлсэн. Өдгөө Duolingo платформоор Эсперанто хэлийг сонирхон судалдаг 2 сая орчим идэвхтэй суралцагчтай болсон байна. Суралцагч нь англи хэлнээс гадна португали, испани, хятад, франц зэрэг хэлүүдээс сонгон Эперанто хэлийг үзэх боломжтой. Одоогоор монгол хэлээр дамжуулан судлах курс хараахан байхгүй байна. 320,000 өгүүлэлтэй Эсперанто хэлний Википедиа нь нийт Википедиа дундаа 35 дахь хамгийн том цахим нэвтэрхий толь болсон бөгөөд зохиомол хэлээрх хамгийн том Википедиа болсон юм. Идэвхтэй 150,000 хэрэглэгч Vikipedio дээр өгүүлэл нэмдэг бөгөөд 2019 оны 10-р сарын байдлаар 117,366 хэрэглэгч уг сайтаар зочилсон байна. == Хэлзүйн онцлог == === Ангилал === Эсперанто хэлний дүрэм, үгийн сан, авиалах ёс нь Индо-Европын хэлний язгуурын хамгийн нийтлэг гол шинжүүдийг агуулсан байдаг. Үгийн сангийн дийлэнх хувийг Роман гарлын үгс эзэлдэг бол дүрмийн нийтлэг шинжийг Герман хэлний бүлэг болон Слав бүлгийн хэлний ёсноос авсан байдаг. Мөн үлэмжхэн хэмжээний Грек хэлний нөлөө мөн туссан. Өгүүлбэрзүйн хувьд европ хэлүүдийн адил SVO бүтэцтэй. Шинэ үг үүсэхдээ угтвар, дагавар болон нийлмэл үгээс шинэ үг бүтэх арга болон үг зээлэх аргыг ашигладаг. Үгийн санд нь европ хэлэнд түгээмэл тохиолдох хүйсийн ай буюу хүйс зохицох ёс гэж байхгүй. Харин хүйс заасан нэр үгс гэж бий. === Авиазүй === Эсперанто хэл нь 21 гийгүүлэгч, 5 эгшиг, 2 саармаг эгшигтэй. === Бичгийн хэл === ==== Үсэгзүй ==== Эсперанто цагаан толгой нь латин үсэг суурилсан 28 үсэгтэй бөгөөд зарим үсэгт ◌̂, ◌̆ гэсэн хоёр ялгац тэмдэгтэй 6 үсэг бий. Тэдгээр нь ĉ, ĝ, ĥ, ĵ, ŝ ба ŭ болно. Цахим орчинд эдгээр үсгийг шивэхдээ хэрвээ зориулалтын гарын байрлал байхгүй бол cx, gx, hx, jx, sx, ux гэж бичих боломжтой. {| style="text-align:center; table-layout:fixed" ! Д/д ||1||2||3||4||5||6||7||8||9||10||11||12||13||14||15||16||17||18||19||20||21||22||23||24||25||26||27||28 |- ! [[Том үсгүүд]] |[[A]]||[[B]]||[[C]]||[[Ĉ]]||[[D]]||[[E]]||[[F]]||[[G]]||[[Ĝ]]||[[H]]||[[Ĥ]]||[[I]]||[[J]]||[[Ĵ]]||[[K]]||[[L]]||[[M]]||[[N]]||[[O]]||[[P]]||[[R]]||[[S]]||[[Ŝ]]||[[T]]||[[U]]||[[Ŭ]]||[[V]]||[[Z]] |- ! [[Жижиг үсгүүд]] |a||b||c||ĉ||d||e||f||g||ĝ||h||ĥ||i||j||ĵ||k||l||m||n||o||p||r||s||ŝ||t||u||ŭ||v||z |} === Дүрэм === Эсперанто хэлний үгс нь ойлгомжтой үгийн язгуур, цагаар төгсгөх амар дагавар, шинэ үг үүсгэх хялбар угтвартай бөгөөд энэхүү аргачлал нь тухайн хэлээр ярьж буй хүн маш хурдан ойлгох, үүссэн шинэ үгийг түргэн танихад маш их тусладаг. Мөн нийлмэл үгс нь тодотгож буй үгээ эхэнд тавьдаг байдлаараа англи хэлний нийлмэл үг үүсэх зүй тогтолтой ижил. Үгийн сангийн хувьд нийтлэг нэр үгс цөм -o төгсгөлтэй байх ба -a төгсгөлтэй бол тэмдэг нэр, -e төгсгөлтэй бол үйл хавсрал (adverb) болдог. Бүх үг нь хүйсийн айн дүрэмгүй бөгөөд үйл үг хувираагүй хэлбэрээрээ цөм -i төгсгөлтэй байна. Одоо цагаар -as дагавартай байх ба захиран тушаах цаг дээр -u дагавар авна. Нэр үг нь ганц тоон дээр -о төгсгөлтэй хэвээр байх бол олон тоон дээр -oj дагавар авдаг. Заахын тийн ялгал авахаар бол -n дагавар авна. Ганц тоо бол -on, олон тоо бол -ojn гэх мэтээр хувирна. Үйлийн гурван цагтай ба өнгөрсөнд -is, одоо -as, ирээдүй цаг нь -os төгсгөлтэй байна. Жишээ нь, KANT(I)-дуулах, kantis (дуулсан), kantas (дуулна, дуулдаг), kantos (дуулна). Захирах төлөв нь -u, жишээ нь, kantu (дуул), болзолт төлөв нь -us, жишээ нь kantus (дуулваас, дуулвал) болно. Үйл нь ганц тоо, олон тоон дээр хувирахгүй. Жишээ нь Vi kantas (Чи дуулдаг), Ili kantos (тэд дуулцгаах болно), Mi kantos (Би дуулах болно) гэх мэт байна. === Үгийн сан === Эсперанто хэлний цөм болсон үгийн сангийн гол эх сурвалж бол Заменхофын 1887 онд хэвлүүлсэн "''Lingvo Internacia''" хэмээх ном юм. Энэхүү номд 900 үгийн язгуур орсон ба хэлний угтвар, дагавар, нийлмэл үг үүсгэх аргуудыг ашиглан 10,000 шинэ үг үүсгэх боломжтой ажээ. 1894 онд зохиогч маант анхны эсперанто хэлний толь бичиг болох ''Universala Vortaro'' номыг хэвлүүлсэн нь маш их үгийн язгуурыг багтаасан байна. Мөн олон улсад түгээмэл ашигладаг үгсийг зээлж авах арга бий. ==== Жишээ үгс ==== Patro - Аав, Patr(ino) - Ээж. -ino дагавар нь хүн амьтан заасан нэр үгийн ардаас заавал эм хүйсийг заасан үг болгодог. Kato - Муур, Kat(ino) - Эм муур буюу мийсгий. Varma - Халуун, (Mal)varma - Хүйтэн. Mal- угтвар нь тэмдэг нэрийн урд орох бөгөөд тухайн тэмдэг нэрийн эсрэг утгыг үүсгэдэг. Жишээ нь, Rapida - Хурдан, (Mal)rapida - Удаан гэх мэт. Доор хүснэгтэд зарим энгийн харилцан яриаг монгол утгатай хавсаргав. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Монгол утга !Эсперанто !Дуудлага |- |Сайн байна уу, сайн уу |Saluton |Са-лу-тон |- |Тийм |Jes |Йэс |- |Үгүй |Ne |Нэ |- |Өглөө/Өдөр/Оройн мэнд |Bonan matenon/tagon/nokton |Бо-нан ма-тэ-нон, та-гон, нок-тон |- |Таны нэрийг хэн гэдэг вэ? |Kio estas via nomo? |Ки-о эс-тас ви-а но-мо? |- |Миний нэрийг Бат гэдэг. |Mia nomo estas Bat. |Ми-а но-мо эс-тас Бат. |- |Би чамд хайртай. |Mi amas vin. |Ми а-мас вин. |- |Баярлалаа |Dankon |Дан-кон |- |Би монголоос ирсэн. |Mi venas el Mongolio. |Ми вэ-нас эл Мон-го-ли-о. |- |Би эх орондоо хайртай. |Mi amas mian landon. |Ми а-мас ми-ан лан-дон. |} == Эсперанто хэл Монголд == Монголын анхны эсперанточ Н.Хаянхярваа гэж хүн байжээ. Тэрээр лам хувраг, Богд хаант Монгол улсын тагнуулч, Ардын хувьсгалын дараа Дотоодыг Хамгаалах Газрын дарга, Эрүүлийг Хамгаалах Газрын дарга, Намын сургуулийн захирал, Намын Төв Хорооны тэргүүлэгч гишүүн, Улсын Их Хурлын гишүүн зэрэг ажил эрхэлж байсан бөгөөд 1920-иод онд Туркт ажиллаж байхдаа эл хэлийг сурсан байна. 1923 онд эх орондоо эргэн ирж хэлээ зааж сургах, гадаадын зохиолчдын зохиол бүтээлийг монголчлох зэргээр Эсперанто хэлийг сурталчлах, түгээн дэлгэрүүлэх үйл ажиллагаа явуулж эхэлжээ. === Монголын эсперанточдын гол гол бүтээл туурвил === • Н.Хаянхярваагийн орчуулга “Нүцгэн хаан” Ханс Андэрсэн, ”Бөгтрөгтэй морьхон” Ершов. 1920-иод он. • Б.Дагва “Монгол-Эсперанто, Эсперанто-Монгол толь” • Б.Ринчин “Эсперанто хэл өөрөө сурах бичиг” • Ч.Догсүрэнгийн орчуулга “Фараон” Прус Болеслав. Гурван дэвтэр роман, 1960, 1970, 2000; ”Тамын зовлон эдэлсэн минь” японы баримтат тууж, 1995; ”Дорнодахины охин тэнгэрийн алтан мутрын иллэг” Масаюүки Саионжи. япон бариа заслын ном, 1994; ”Ах дүү хоёр арслан зүрхт” хүүхдийн тууж, 1998; “Эсперанто хэл хорин нэгдүгээр зуунд” Ли Чон Ён, 2002 • Б.Дорж “Арнэ ноёнтон” Сэлма Лагэрлоф. Тууж. 1970 • Ш.Янсанжав “Эсперанто-Монгол толь” 1995, ”Монгол-англи-орос-Эсперанто компьютерийн толь” 2003, ”Монгол-англи-орос-Эсперанто нийгэм, улс төрийн толь” 2005 - "Эсперанто хэл 21-р зуунд" орчуулагч Ч.Догсүрэн, “Esperanto en la 21-a jarcento” LEE Chong-young, 2002, Ulanbatoro . - Үмэсао Тадао, "Япон орныг тольдохуй" Эсперанто хэлнээс орчуулсан Ч.Энхээ, 2010, Улаанбаатар === Монголын эсперанточдын өнөөгийн үйл ажиллагаа === Монголын Эсперанто хэлний байгууллагын үйл ажиллагаа 1993 оноос идэвхжиж, 2002 онд монголын эсперанточдын анхдугаар Их хурал, 2008 онд хоёрдугаар их хурал болсон. Мөн 2010 онд Азийн эсперанточдын 6-р Их хурал Улаанбаатар хотод Ерөнхий сайдын ивээл доор хуралдаж, 30 орчим орны 200 гаруй эсперанточ оролцжээ. Мөн 2019 онд Олон улсын эсперанточ бизнесменүүдийн холбооны 3-р Чуулганыг Улаанбаатарт амжилттай зохион байгуулав. Монголын Эсперанто-Нийгэмлэг 2009 онд Дэлхийн Эсперанто-Холбоонд гишүүнээр элссэн. Монголын Эсперанто-Нийгэмлэгийн төлөөлөгч 2013-2019 Азийн Эсперанто-Байгууллагын Ерөнхий нарийн бичгийн дарга, 2019 оноос өнөөг хүртэл тус байгууллагын тэргүүлэгч гишүүнээр, түүнчлэн 2019 оноос Олон улсын эсперанточ бизнесменүүдийн холбооны Ерөнхий нарийн бичгийн даргаар ажиллаж байна. Монголын эсперанточид улс орныхоо талаарх мэдээллийг олон улсын Эсперанто сонин, сэтгүүл, вэбсайт, телевиз, радиод тогтмол илгээж, википедиа зэрэг лавлах сайтуудад соёл, түүх, нийгэм, эдийн засгийн мэдээллийг тогтмол шинэчлэн баяжуулсаар ирлээ. Мөн жил бүр Эсперанто хэлтэй жуулчин, аялагчдыг хүлээн авч үйлчилж байна. === Сургалт === * • Монгол улсын Их сургуулийн дэргэдэх Эсперанто хэлний 2 жилийн курс, 1982-1984 * • Монгол улсын Их сургуулийн дэргэдэх Эсперанто хэлний 2 жилийн курс, 1987-1989 * • Монгол мэдлэгийн Их сургуулийн дэргэдэх жилийн курс, 1993-1994 * • Их Монгол Дээд сургуулийн дэргэдэх жилийн курс, 1996-1997 * • Монголын оюутны Үйлдвэрчний эвлэлийн дэргэдэх 45 хоногийн курс, 1994 * • Нийгмийн ухааны Дээд сургуулийн албан сургалт, 2007 оноос жил бүр аялал жуулчлалын хоёрдугаар курсын оюутнууд * • Монгол, японы эсперанточдын зуны уулзалт, 1995-2000, 2003-2007 * • Цахим сургалт тогтмол болж байна. === Монголын Эсперанто-байгууллагууд === • Монголын Эсперанто-Нэгдэл, 1970-1991 • Монголын Эсперанто-Холбоо, 1991-2002 • Монголын Эсперанто-Нийгэмлэг, 2003- == Мөн үзэх == * [[Волапюк]] * [[Славян хоорондын хэл]] == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Esperanto}} {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.lernu.net lernu.net] * [https://uea.org/landoj/mongolio Дэлхийн Эсперанто-Холбооны сайт дахь Монголын Эсперанто-Нийгэмлэгийн талаарх мэдээлэл] [[Ангилал:Дан ганц хэл]] [[Ангилал:Төлөвлөсөн хэл]] [[Ангилал:Хэрэглээний хэл шинжлэл]] [[Ангилал:Эсперанто| ]] clcf9o6bx5o5xb3pe34luvnbzn7fmyq 0 6758 859987 857139 2026-06-24T05:27:56Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 859987 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс албан тушаал | post = Нийслэлийн Засаг дарга бөгөөд Улаанбаатар хотын Захирагч | insignia = File:Coat of arms of Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.svg | insigniasize = 100px | image = File:Byruuzanyn Purevdagva (cropped).png | imagesize = 150px | incumbent = [[Бяруузанын Пүрэвдагва]] | incumbentsince = 2026 оны 5 сарын 25 | nominator = [[Нийслэлийн иргэдийн Төлөөлөгчдийн Хурал]] | appointer = [[Монгол Улсын Ерөнхий сайд]] | termlength = 4 жил | formation = 1924 <small>(түр захиргааны даргаар)</small><br>1992 <small>(одоогийн хэлбэр)</small> | precursor = Улаанбаатар хотын Ардын депутатуудын хурлын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны дарга | inaugural = [[Моононгийн Баяр]] <small>(1924-1926, түр захиргааны даргаар)</small> | deputy = * Эдийн засаг, дэд бүтцийн асуудал хариуцсан нэгдүгээр орлогч * Нийгмийн салбар, ногоон хөгжил болон агаар, орчны бохирдлын асуудал хариуцсан орлогч | salary = | website = {{website|https://ulaanbaatar.mn/home|ulaanbaatar.mn}} | footnotes = }} '''Нийслэлийн Засаг дарга бөгөөд Улаанбаатар xотын Захирагч''' буюу өдөр тутмын хэллэгээр '''Улаанбаатар xотын дарга''' нь [[Монгол Улс|Монгол Улсын]] нийслэл [[Улаанбаатар]] хотод төрийн удирдлагыг хэрэгжүүлэх чиг үүрэгтэй албан тушаал юм. Улаанбаатар хоттой холбоотой гарсан [[Монгол Улсын Засгийн Газар]], [[Нийслэлийн иргэдийн төлөөлөгчдийн хурал|Нийслэлийн иргэдийн Төлөөлөгчдийн Хурлын]] шийдвэрийг хэрэгжүүлэх, үр дүнг хариуцаж тайлагнах чиг үүргийг хэрэгжүүлдэг. Нийслэлийн Засаг дарга нь Улаанбаатар хотын Захирагч байхаар хуульчлан зохицуулсан байдаг.<ref name="Улаанбаатар хотын эрх зүйн байдлын тухай хууль">{{cite web | url=https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail/16230779072091 | title=Монгол Улсын нийслэл Улаанбаатар хотын эрх зүйн байдлын тухай хууль. | website=legalinfo.mn | date=2021-07-07 | access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref> 1924 оноос хойш нийт 37 хүн Улаанбаатар хотын даргаар ажиллаж байжээ. == Ажлын алба == === Нийслэлийн Засаг даргын Тамгын газар === {{Гол|Нийслэлийн Засаг даргын Тамгын газар}} Нийслэл нь Монгол Улсын засаг захиргаа, нутаг дэвсгэрийн нэгжийн хувьд нийслэлийн Засаг даргын ажлын алба нь Нийслэлийн Засаг даргын Тамгын газар байна<ref>{{cite web | url=https://legalinfo.mn/mn/detail?lawId=16106891904801 | title=Монгол Улсын засаг захиргаа, нутаг дэвсгэрийн нэгж, түүний удирдлагын тухай хууль. | website=legalinfo.mn | date=2020-12-24 | access-date=2024-06-18}}</ref>. Нийслэлийн Засаг даргын Тамгын газар нь нийслэлийн хөгжлийн бодлого, эдийн засаг, төсөв санхүү, хууль эрх зүй, гадаад харилцааны асуудлыг хариуцан ажилладаг. === Улаанбаатар хотын Захирагчийн ажлын алба === {{Гол|Улаанбаатар хотын Захирагчийн ажлын алба}} Улаанбаатар хотын Захирагчийн ажлын алба нь Нийслэлийн Засаг даргын Тамгын газраас тусдаа байх бөгөөд хотын аж ахуй, инженерийн дэд бүтцийн асуудлыг хариуцан ажилладаг. Улаанбаатар хотын Ерөнхий менежер Захирагчийн ажлын албыг удирдана.<ref name="Улаанбаатар хотын эрх зүйн байдлын тухай хууль" /> == Хотын дарга нарын жагсаалт == # [[Моононгийн Баяр]] (1924–1926) # [[Санжийн Батсүх]] (1926–1927) # [[Дуламжавын Гомбожав]] (1927–1929) # [[Ламжавын Мижиддорж]] (1929–1930) # Дуламжавын Гомбожав (1930–1931) # [[Бадамын Цэдэндамба]] (1931–1932) # [[Өлзийн Равдан]] (1932 оны 7 сарын 4–1932 оны 8 сарын 27) # [[Дансранбилэгийн Догсом]] (1932–1933) # [[Дамдины Чимэддаваа]] (1933–1936) # Дуламжавын Гомбожав (1936–1939) # [[Лодойн Тавхай]] (1939 оны 5 сар–1939 оны 11 сар) # [[Өлзийцогтын Мажиг]] (1940–1941) # [[Ломбодонойн Дамдин]] (1941 оны 7 сар–1941 оны 8 сар) # [[Эрэндоогийн Лувсаннаваан]] (1941 оны 9 сар–1941 оны 11 сар) # [[Содномын Шагдар]] (1942–1944) # [[Гүндийн Батаа]] (1944–1956) # [[Бадрахын Ламзав]] (1956) # [[Будын Батжаргал]] (1956–1959) # [[Санжийн Батаа]] (1959–1962) # [[Магалжавын Лувсанчоймбол]] (1962–1965) # [[Догсомын Цэдэв]] (1965–1971) # [[Сономын Лувсангомбо]] (1971–1972) # [[Сүрэнжавын Балбар]] (1972–1976) # [[Очирын Цэнд]] (1976–1978) # [[Самбуугийн Мөнхжаргал]] (1978–1990) # [[Лхамсүрэнгийн Энэбиш]] (1990-1992) # [[Цэрэндэмбэрэлийн Баасанжав]] (1992-1996) # [[Жанлавын Наранцацралт]] (1996-1998) # [[Миеэгомбын Энхболд]] (1999-2005) # [[Цогтын Батбаяр]] (2005-2007) # [[Түдэвийн Билэгт]] (2007-2008) # [[Гомбосүрэнгийн Мөнхбаяр]] (2008-2012) # [[Эрдэнийн Бат-Үүл]] (2012 оны 8 сарын 7-2016 оны 7 сарын 7) # [[Сундуйн Батболд]] (2016-2018) # [[Жанцангийн Батбаясгалан]] (Үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч) (2018 оны 12 сар- 2019 оны 2 сар) # [[Сайнбуянгийн Амарсайхан]] (2019 оны 2 сарын 27-2020 оны 7 сарын 1)<ref name="mayor2">{{cite web|date=2019-02-27|title=Нийслэлийн Засаг даргаар томилогдсон С.Амарсайхан үүрэгт ажлаа хүлээн авлаа |newspaper=Улаанбаатар Хотын албан ёсны вэб сайт|url=http://ulaanbaatar.mn/Home/newsdetail?dataID=37319|url-status=dead|access-date=27 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809125110/http://ulaanbaatar.mn/Home/newsdetail?dataID=37319|archive-date=9 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ulaanbaatar Mayor leaves office|url=https://www.montsame.mn/en/read/230118|access-date=2021-06-30|website=MONTSAME News Agency|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-17|title=New Mayor of Ulaanbaatar selected - News.MN|url=https://news.mn/en/786189/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=News.MN - The source of news|language=en}}</ref> # Жанцангийн Батбаясгалан (Үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч) (2020 оны 7 сарын 1- 2020 оны 10 сарын 23) # [[Долгорсүрэнгийн Сумъяабазар]] (2020 оны 10 сарын 23- 2023 оны 10 сарын 12)<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-26|title=Шинэ хотын даргад боломж, хариуцлагыг нь үүрүүл!|url=https://news.mn/r/2364501/|access-date=2021-06-30|website=News.MN - Мэдээллийн эх сурвалж|language=mn|archive-date=2023-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406215335/https://news.mn/r/2364501/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=gogo.mn|title=Нийслэлийн Засаг дарга бөгөөд Улаанбаатар хотын захирагчаар Д.Сумъяабазарыг томиллоо|url=https://mongolia.gogo.mn/r/80d72|access-date=2021-06-30|website=gogo.mn|language=en}}</ref> # [[Хишгээгийн Нямбаатар]] (2023 оны 10 сарын 12 - 2026 оны 5-р сарын )<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-12|title=Нийслэлийн Засаг дарга бөгөөд Улаанбаатар хотын Захирагчаар Х.Нямбаатарыг томиллоо|url=https://www.montsame.mn/mn/read/328922|access-date=2023-10-12|website=Монцамэ - Мэдээллийн агентлаг|language=mn}}</ref> # [[Бяруузаны Пүрэвдагва]] 2026 оны 5-р сарын 25-наас == Мөн үзэх == * [[Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгч]] == Эх сурвалж == {{reflist}} [[Ангилал:Улаанбаатар]] [[Ангилал:Улаанбаатарын засаг дарга]] o1uhnhz1ohg1upo2gxr2ewmq5kp8snz 0 8225 859997 854369 2026-06-24T09:03:27Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Capital and largest city of the Czech Republic}} {{Инфобокс суурин | name = Праг | native_name = {{nativename|cs|Praha}} | settlement_type = [[Нийслэл]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 280 | image_style = border:1; | perrow = 1/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Prague (6365119737).jpg | caption1 = [[Карлын гүүр]] болон [[Прагийн цайз]]тай панорама | image2 = Národní divadlo z ostrova 1.jpg | caption2 = [[Үндэсний Театр (Праг)|Үндэсний Театр]] | image3 = Mrakodrapy v Praze 2018.jpg | caption3 = [[Панкрац]] дүүрэг | image4 = Prague 07-2016 View from Old Town Hall Tower img3.jpg | caption4 = Хуучин хотын талбай | image5 = PragueCzechRepublicMalaStranaMostecka.jpg | caption5 = [[Мала Страна]] }} | image_flag = Flag of Prague.svg | flag_link = Прагийн далбаа | image_blank_emblem = Logo Praha.svg | blank_emblem_type = [[Үгийн тэмдэг]] | image_shield = Coat of arms of Prague.svg | shield_link = Прагийн сүлд | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=shape|fill=#ffffff|fill-opacity=0|stroke-width=2|frame-width=250}} | nickname = ''Зуун цамхагийн хот'' | motto = {{native phrase|la|"Praga Caput Rei publicae"|italics=off}}<ref name=Vojtisek/><br />{{small|"Праг, Бүгд Найрамдах Улсын нийслэл"}} | mapsize = 230px | pushpin_map_caption = Чех дэх байршил##Европ дахь байршил | pushpin_map = Чех#Европ | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{Coord|50|5|15|N|14|25|17|E|region:CZ-10_type:city(1,300,000)|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = {{CZE}} | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = 8-р зуун | leader_party = [[Иргэний Ардчилсан Нам (Чех)|ODS]] | leader_title = [[Праг хотын дарга|Хотын дарга]] | leader_name = [[Бохуслав Свобода]] | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |title=Demographia World Urban Areas |publisher=Demographia.com |access-date=2026-04-21 |archive-date=2018-05-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180503021711/http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 496.21 | area_urban_km2 = 298 | area_metro_km2 = 11425 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = 172 | population_total = 1397880 | population_rank = [[Чехийн хот, суурингийн жагсаалт|1-т]] ([[Европын хотын жагсаалт (хотын хязгаар доторх хүн амын тоогоор)|ЕХ-д 12-т]]) | population_as_of = 2025-01-01 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2025 |url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/population-of-municipalities-t4l3n8d2iw |publisher=[[Чехийн Статистикийн Алба]] |date=2025-05-16}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 2267817<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=CITIES |title=OECD - Metropolitan areas - Population, all ages |publisher=[[OECD]] |access-date=2026-04-21 |archive-date=2019-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412004539/https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=CITIES |url-status=live}}</ref> | population_density_metro_km2 = 237 | population_demonym = Прагчууд | demographics_type2 = ДНБ {{nobold|(Нэрлэсэн)}} | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en |title=EU regions by GDP, Eurostat |access-date=2026-04-21 |website=ec.europa.eu |archive-date=2023-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227213552/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en |title=Gross domestic product (GDP) at current market prices by metropolitan regions |website=ec.europa.eu |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215185052/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/met_10r_3gdp/default/table?lang=en |archive-date=2023-02-15 |url-status=live}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = [[Нийслэл]] | demographics2_info1 = €{{FXConvert|EUR|85.494|year=2023|b|lk=on}} | demographics2_title2 = Нэг хүнд ноогдох | demographics2_info2 = €{{FXConvert|EUR|61740|year=2023|lk=on}} | postal_code_type = Шуудангийн код | postal_code = 100 00 – 199 00 | area_code = | area_code_type = [[ISO 3166-2:CZ|ISO 3166-2]] | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CZ|CZ-10]] | registration_plate = [[Чехийн тээврийн хэрэгслийн улсын дугаар|A, AA – AZ]] | website = {{URL|https://www.praha.eu/jnp/en/index.html|praha.eu}} | elevation_max_m = 399 | timezone = [[Төв Европын Цаг|ТЕЦ]] | utc_offset = +01:00 | timezone_DST = [[Төв Европын Зуны Цаг|ТЕЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +02:00 | blank3_name = [[Хүний хөгжлийн илтгэлцүүр|ХХИ]] (2023) | blank3_info = 0.975<ref>{{cite web |title=Subnational HDI (v9.0)|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|work=Global Data Lab|publisher=[[Radboud University Nijmegen]]|access-date=2026-04-21}}</ref> – <span style="color:#090;">маш өндөр</span> | module = {{designation list |embed = yes |designation1 = WHS |designation1_offname = Прагийн түүхэн төв |designation1_date = 1992 (16-р [[Дэлхийн өвийн хороо|чуулган]]) |designation1_type = Соёлын |designation1_criteria = ii, iv, vi |designation1_number = [https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/616 616] |designation1_free1name = Талбай |designation1_free1value = {{convert|1106.36|ha|abbr=on}} |designation1_free2name = ЮНЕСКО бүс нутаг |designation1_free2value = [[Европ дахь Дэлхийн өвийн жагсаалт|Европ ба Хойд Америк]] }} }} '''Праг''' ({{lang-cs|'''Praha'''}} [{{IPA|ˈpraɦa}}]; {{Audio|Cs-Praha.ogg|дуудлага}}) бол [[Чех]] улсын [[нийслэл]], улсынхаа хамгийн том, [[саятан хот|саятан]] [[хот]] юм. Влтава голын эрэг дээр орших бөгөөд Чех улсын улс төр, эдийн засаг болон соёлын төв юм. Европын аялал жуулчлалын нэг томоохон төв юм. Жилд 5 сая орчим жуулчид тус хотыг ирж үздэг байна. 2021 оны байдлаар 1 сая 331 мянган оршин суугчтай байсан. X зуунаас Чех улсын нийслэл хот. 1526—1918 онуудад Габсбургуудын эрх мэдэл дахь түүхэн [[Бохеми]] нутгийн гол хот. 1918-1992 онуудад Чехословак улсын нийслэл. 1993 оноос [[Бүгд Найрамдах Чех Улс|Бүгд Найрамдах Чех улсын]] нийслэл. Праг хотын түүхэн төв хэсэг нь [[ЮНЕСКО]] дэлхийн өвийн жагсаалтад бүртгэгдсэн байна. Орчин үеийн хотын нутаг дэвсгэр дээрх [[слав]] үндэстний суурингийн талаархи анхны түүхэн мэдээлэл нь 6-р зуунаас эхтэй байдаг. Яваандаа тус нутаг нь Бохемийн гүнүүд болон хожим хаадын суурьшил газар болж, Прага нь худалдаа, эдийн засгийн чухал зангилаа төв болж, Европ даяарх худалдаачид, тэр дундаа олон еврейчүүд тус хотод суурьшсан ажээ. 9-р зууны төгсгөлд Прага цайз ([[Чех хэл|чех]]. ''Pražský hrad'') гэж нэрлэгдэх барилгын ажил эхэлсэн бөгөөд энд 800 оноос хойш оршин тогтнож байсан бэхлэгдсэн сууринг өргөжүүлсэн байна. == Тээвэр == Тус хот 1974 онд анх барьсан метротой. == Уур амьсгал == Праг хот орчим далайн эргийн уур амьсгалтай. I сард өдөртөө +1.0 °C дулаан, шөнөдөө −4.6 °C хүйтэн. XI сарын дундаас III сарын сүүлч хүртэл нимгэн цасан бүрхүүлтэй. Зун нь нарлаг, VII сард өдөр нь +24.7 °C, шөнө нь +13.5 °C дулаан. Жилийн дундаж температур +13.33 °C, дундаж хур тунадас 525.8 мм байдаг.<ref name=WMO>{{cite web |url= http://www.worldweather.org/172/c00197.htm |title= World Weather Information Service – Prague |accessdate=20 January 2011 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт |width=auto |location = [[Клементинум]], Праг<br>WMO ID: 11515; 1991–2020 оны хэвийн, туйлын үе 1775–одоо |metric first = yes |single line = yes |Jan record high C = 17.4 |Feb record high C = 18.5 |Mar record high C = 22.9 |Apr record high C = 30.7 |May record high C = 32.8 |Jun record high C = 37.7 |Jul record high C = 37.8 |Aug record high C = 36.8 |Sep record high C = 33.1 |Oct record high C = 27.8 |Nov record high C = 19.5 |Dec record high C = 17.7 |year record high C = 37.8 |Jan high C = 3.9 |Feb high C = 5.6 |Mar high C = 10.0 |Apr high C = 16.1 |May high C = 20.9 |Jun high C = 24.4 |Jul high C = 26.5 |Aug high C = 25.9 |Sep high C = 20.4 |Oct high C = 14.4 |Nov high C = 8.5 |Dec high C = 4.8 |year high C = 15.1 |Jan mean C = 1.8 |Feb mean C = 2.9 |Mar mean C = 6.5 |Apr mean C = 11.7 |May mean C = 16.2 |Jun mean C = 19.7 |Jul mean C = 21.6 |Aug mean C = 21.1 |Sep mean C = 16.2 |Oct mean C = 11.0 |Nov mean C = 6.3 |Dec mean C = 2.8 |year mean C = 11.5 |Jan low C = -0.5 |Feb low C = 0.0 |Mar low C = 2.9 |Apr low C = 6.9 |May low C = 11.3 |Jun low C = 14.8 |Jul low C = 16.6 |Aug low C = 16.3 |Sep low C = 12.2 |Oct low C = 7.9 |Nov low C = 3.9 |Dec low C = 0.6 |year low C = 7.7 |Jan record low C = -27.5 |Feb record low C = -27.1 |Mar record low C = -27.6 |Apr record low C = -8.0 |May record low C = -1.6 |Jun record low C = 3.6 |Jul record low C = 7.8 |Aug record low C = 6.4 |Sep record low C = 0.7 |Oct record low C = -7.5 |Nov record low C = -16.9 |Dec record low C = -24.8 |year record low C = -27.6 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 18.1 |Feb precipitation mm = 16.2 |Mar precipitation mm = 26.3 |Apr precipitation mm = 24.7 |May precipitation mm = 58.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 68.6 |Jul precipitation mm = 67.4 |Aug precipitation mm = 61.9 |Sep precipitation mm = 33.9 |Oct precipitation mm = 29.8 |Nov precipitation mm = 26.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 22.6 |year precipitation mm = 453.9 |Jan snow cm = 5.8 |Feb snow cm = 4.2 |Mar snow cm = 1.6 |Apr snow cm = 0.0 |May snow cm = 0.0 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.0 |Oct snow cm = 0.0 |Nov snow cm = 0.8 |Dec snow cm = 3.6 |year snow cm = 16.1 |humidity colour = green |Jan humidity = 76.2 |Feb humidity = 71.2 |Mar humidity = 65.9 |Apr humidity = 58.7 |May humidity = 58.9 |Jun humidity = 59.3 |Jul humidity = 58.7 |Aug humidity = 60.5 |Sep humidity = 67.7 |Oct humidity = 73.5 |Nov humidity = 77.4 |Dec humidity = 76.7 |year humidity = 67.1 |Jan sun = 52.4 |Feb sun = 81.9 |Mar sun = 129.3 |Apr sun = 187.8 |May sun = 216.3 |Jun sun = 218.4 |Jul sun = 229.1 |Aug sun = 224.1 |Sep sun = 168.2 |Oct sun = 110.8 |Nov sun = 52.5 |Dec sun = 46.2 |year sun = 1716.9 |source = [[Чехийн ус цаг уурын хүрээлэн]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Praha Klementinum|url=http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/europa/repubblica-ceca/praha-klementinum/|publisher=Чехийн ус цаг уурын хүрээлэн|access-date=2026-04-21|language=it|archive-date=2024-09-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240907135648/http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/europa/repubblica-ceca/praha-klementinum/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Průměrná teplota vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|publisher=Чехийн ус цаг уурын хүрээлэн|language=cs|access-date=2026-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909142632/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Srážkové úhrny v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/R.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|publisher=Чехийн ус цаг уурын хүрээлэн|language=cs|access-date=2026-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909143119/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/R.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|access-date=2026-04-21|publisher=Чехийн ус цаг уурын хүрээлэн|language=cs|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909143254/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|publisher=Чехийн ус цаг уурын хүрээлэн|language=cs|access-date=2026-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909143356/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-09}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Délka slunečního svitu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky (Sunshine)|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/S.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|publisher=Чехийн ус цаг уурын хүрээлэн|language=cs|access-date=2026-04-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909143631/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/S.php?ID=P1PKLE01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-09}}</ref>}} 9149.JPG </gallery> ==Анд хотын барилдлага== Праг хот доорх хотуудтай ах дүү (анд) бололцсон байдаг<ref name="побратимы">{{cite web|url=http://www.praha.eu/jnp/en/city_hall/foreign_activities/partner_cities/index_1.html|title=Partner Cities|publisher=Portal of Prague|lang=en|accessdate=2010-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110301064441/http://www.praha.eu/jnp/en/city_hall/foreign_activities/partner_cities/index_1.html|archivedate=2011-03-01|url-status=dead}}</ref>: {{Colonnes|taille=18| * {{flagicon|Грек}} Грекийн [[Афин]] * {{flagicon|Герман}} Германы [[Бамберг]] * {{flagicon|Испани}} Испанийн [[Барселона]] * {{flagicon|Герман}} Германы [[Берлин]] * {{flagicon|Испани}} Испанийн [[Бильбао]] * {{flagicon|Бельги}} Бельгийн [[Брюссель]] * {{flagicon|Аргентин}} Аргентины [[Буэнос-Айрес]] * {{flagicon|Египет}} Египетийн [[Каир]] * {{flagicon|Герман}} Германы [[Майны Франкфурт]] * {{flagicon|Япон}} Японы [[Киото]] * {{flagicon|Орос}} Оросын [[Москва]] * {{flagicon|Герман}} Германы [[Нюрнберг]] * {{flagicon|Франц}} Францын [[Парис]] * {{flagicon|Орос}} Оросын [[Санкт-Петербург]] * {{flagicon|Тайвань}} Тайваны [[Тайбэй]] * {{flagicon|Герман}} Германы [[Хамбург]] * {{flagicon|АНУ}} Америкийн [[Финикс (Аризона)|Финикс]] * {{flagicon|АНУ}} Америкийн [[Чикаго]] * {{flagicon|Польш}} Польшийн [[Ясло]] }} == Зураг == <br><gallery class=center caption="Праг - Praha"> Prag-3830-Hradschin-vom Petřín-Aussichtsturm-2008-gje.jpg Prag-3740-Karlsbruecke vom Laurenziberg-2008-gje.jpg Prag-4150-Kleinseite vom Hradschin-2008-gje.jpg Prag-4220-Kleinseite vom Hradschin-2008-gje.jpg Prag-4280-Gaerten am Hradschin-2008-gje.jpg Prag-4480-Altstaedter Ring-Teynkirche-2008-gje.jpg Prag-4820-Stadt vom Rathausturm-2008-gje.jpg Prag-7270-Praesidio tuta-2008-gje.jpg Prag-7330-Durchblick-2008-gje.jpg Prag-7400-Nacht-Hradschin-Moldau-2008-gje.jpg </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Prague|Праг}} {{Wikivoyage}} {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.praha.eu/ Праг хотын албан ёсны цахим хуудас] ==Лавлах холбоос== {{reflist}} [[Ангилал:Праг| ]] [[Ангилал:Европын нийслэл]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн край]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн коммун]] [[Ангилал:Саятан хот]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн их сургуулийн хот]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн хот]] [[Ангилал:1784 онд байгуулагдсан]] 45lcs8s5kiy2ou3m9ulgnjkkf3rurqz 0 8681 859968 854573 2026-06-23T22:55:38Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс мужийн нийслэл}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Сидней | native_name = {{native name|en|Sydney}} | state = nsw | image = {{multiple image |total_width = 280 |border = infobox |perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 |caption_align = center | image1 = Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge Dusk (2) 2019-06-21.jpg{{!}}Сиднейн дуурийн театр ба Харбор Бридж | caption1 = [[Сиднейн дуурийн театр]] ба [[Сидней Харбор Бридж|Харбор Бридж]] | image2 = Sydney (AU), Queen Victoria Building -- 2019 -- 3580 (cropped) - 2.jpg{{!}}Викториа Хатан хааны барилга | caption2 = Хатан хааны барилга | image3 = University of Sydney's Main Quadrangle.jpg{{!}}Сиднейн Их Сургууль | caption3 = [[Сиднейн Их Сургууль]] | image4 = Bondi 1.jpg{{!}}Бонди далайн эрэг | caption4 = [[Бонди далайн эрэг]] | image5 = Archibald Fountain (cropped).jpg{{!}}Арчибалдын усан оргилуур | caption5 = [[Арчибалдын усан оргилуур|Арчибалд усан оргилуур]] | image6 = Sydney Harbour panorama (3).jpg {{!}}Тэнгэрийн шугам | caption6 = [[Сиднейн төв бизнес дүүрэг]] }} | local_map = yes | coordinates = {{coord|33|52|4|S|151|12|36|E|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | alternative_location_map = Австрали#Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс#Далайн орнууд | pop = 5,638,830 | pop_year = 2025 | pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABSGCCSA/> | poprank = 1st | density = 449.3 | density_footnotes = (2023){{r|ABSGCCSA}} | established = {{Start date and age|1788|01|26|df=y}} | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 |mayor=<!-- Do not add Clover Moore. Whilst Clover Moore takes the title of "Mayor Sydney", the City of Sydney only covers the CBD and Inner City of Sydney, whilst other LGAS are responsible for the rest --> | dist1 = 285 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Канберра | dist2 = 877 | dir2 = NE | location2 = Мельбурн | dist3 = 973 | dir3 = S | location3 = Брисбэн | dist4 = 1373 | dir4 = E | location4 = Аделаид | dist5 = 3845 | dir5 = E | location5 = Перт | lga = [[#Засгийн газар|Их Сиднейд нийт 33 хотын захиргаа]] | county = [[Камберланд тойрог, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Камберланд]]<ref name=gnbcounty>{{NSW GNR |id=JPYbwptLTR|title=Cumberland County |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref> | division = | stategov = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|49 сонгуулийн тойрог]] | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|24 divisions]]{{Refn|Greater Sydney does not have an official government, but has 24 federal divisions that are within the metropolitan area's boundaries}} | maxtemp = 22.8 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name="Bureau-of-Meteorology-Obs-Hill"/> | mintemp = 14.7 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name="Bureau-of-Meteorology-Obs-Hill"/> | rainfall = 1149.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name="Bureau-of-Meteorology-Obs-Hill"/> }} '''Сидней''' ({{lang-en|Sydney}}) нь [[Австрали]]йн 2020 оны хүн амын тооллогоор хамгийн их буюу 5.367.206 хүн амтай хот юм. [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]] мужийн нийслэл бөгөөд [[Британи]]йн Австрали дахь хамгийн анхны [[колони]] юм. Тус хотыг 1788 онд Британиас ирсэн Анхны усан флотын удирдагч [[Артур Филлип]] Сиднейн буланд байгуулжээ. Энэ хотыг Их Британийн колонийн нарийн бичгийн дарга лорд [[Томас Сидней]]-гийн нэрэмжит болгож "Сидней" гэж нэрлэжээ. Сидней хотоос ирсэн хүнийг ''Sydneysider'' гэдэг.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timescanner.pro/ru/Sydney_State_of_New_South_Wales |title=Сидней хотын талаарх мэдээлэл |access-date=2021-02-03 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204182552/https://timescanner.pro/ru/Sydney_State_of_New_South_Wales |url-status=dead }}</ref> Сидней нь Австралийн зүүн өмнөд эрэг дээр оршдог. Сидней хот Жэксон боомтыг хүрээлж байгуулагдсан тул "Боомтын хот" ([[Англи хэл|англи]]. The Harbour City) гэх нэртэй болжээ. [[Сиднейн дуурийн театр]], Боомтын гүүр ([[Англи хэл|англи.]] ''Harbour Bridge''), далайн эргүүдээрээ алдартай. Хотын нутаг дэвсгэрийн эргэн тойронд үндэсний паркууд байдаг ба олон булан тохой, гол мөрнүүдтэй. Сидней хот [[Лоубороугийн их сургууль|Лоубороугийн их сургуулийн]] 1999 оны "дэлхийн хот"-уудын жагсаалтад бүртгэгджээ. Сидней нь 1938 оны [[Британий эзэнт гүрний наадам]], [[Сиднейн олимп|2000 оны зуны олимп]], 2003 оны [[Рагбигийн дэлхийн аварга шалгаруулах тэмцээн]] зэрэг олон [[спорт]], [[улс төр]], [[соёл урлаг]]ийн наадам, тэмцээн, арга хэмжээг зохион байгуулсан байна. 2007 оны 9-р сард [[Ази Номхон Далайн эдийн засгийн хамтын ажиллагааны байгууллага|Ази Номхон Далайн эдийн засгийн хамтын ажиллагааны байгууллагын]] 21 гишүүн орны төрийн тэргүүдийг хүлээн авч, 2008 оны долдугаар сард Дэлхийн залуучуудын өдрийг зохион байгуулжээ. Австралид ирж буй цагаачдын олонхи нь Сиднейг зорьдог учир олон үндэстнээс бүрдсэн хот болжээ. Мерсерийн судалгаагаар Сидней нь амьжиргааны өртгөөр Австралид нэгдүгээрт, дэлхийд 66-рт жагсдаг ажээ. == Хүн ам == 1788 онд Сидней хот байгуулагдахад хүн ам 1000 хүрэхгүй байжээ. 1961 оноос хойшхи 10 жил тутамд хүн ам 250 мянга гаруй нэмэгдэж байсан. 2006 оны хүн амын тооллогоор Сидней хот болон хотын орчим нутаг дэвсгэр нь 4,119,190 хүн амтай, Сидней хот дангаараа 3,641,422 хүн амтай байсан. 2020 онд хотын хүн ам 5,367,206-д хүрсэн байна. Сидней хотын оршин суугчид хамгийн их гарал үүсэлтэй нь Австрали, Англи, Ирланд, Шотланд, Хятад байсан. Мөн хүн амын тооллогоор Сидней хотод 1.1 хувь нь уугуул иргэд амьдардаг бөгөөд хүн амын 37.7 % нь Австралиас гадуур төрсөн иргэд болохыг тогтоожээ. Хотын оршин суугчдын 18.1 % нь Ази гаралтай. Цагаачдын гурван гол эх үүсвэр нь Их Британи, Хятад, Шинэ Зеланд юм. Тэдний араас Вьетнам, Ливан, Энэтхэг, Итали, Филиппины цагаачид ордог ажээ. == Газар зүй == === Уур амьсгал === Сидней нь дунд зэргийн халуун зун, дунд зэргийн дулаан өвөлтэй субтропик далайн уур амьсгалтай. Хотод орох хур тунадасны хэмжээг жилийн туршид хуваарилдаг бөгөөд өвлийн саруудад илүү байдаг. Далайтай эрэг дагуу хотын бүсүүд илүү тогтуун уур амьсгалтай байдаг ч Австралийн эх газрын гүн рүү байрладаг хотын баруун хэсэгт температурын огцом хэлбэлзэл тохиолддог. Хамгийн дулаан сар нь 1-р сар бөгөөд агаарын дундаж температур 16.6-25.8 ° C, агаарын температур 30 ° C-аас дээш байдаг өдрийн дундаж тоо - 14.6 байна. Температурын дээд амжилт 2013 оны 1-р сарын 18-нд Австралид халууны давалгааны үеэр тэмдэглэж, агаарын температур 45.8 ° C, хотын захад 47 ° C хүрч байв. Далайн эрэг орчмын бүс нутагт өвлийн температур 5 хэмээс доош унах нь ховор. Хамгийн хүйтэн сар бол 7-р сар бөгөөд өдрийн дундаж температур 8-16.2 ° C байдаг. Сидней хотод 2.1 хэм буюу хамгийн бага температур мөн бүртгэгдэж байсан. Сидней хотод ихэвчлэн өвөл, хаврын улиралд их хэмжээний бороо орсны улмаас үерт автдаг байна. Энэ үеэр их хэмжээний хур тунадас орох нь Австралийн зүүн хэсгийн нутаг дэвсгэр дээгүүр нам даралтын бүсийг дайран өнгөрсний улмаас үүсдэг. Хүчтэй хур тунадас орохоос гадна энэ үеийн цаг агаар нь далайд хүчтэй салхи, байнга шуургатай байдаг юм. 1986 оны 8-р сарын 6-нд Сидней хотод 24 цагийн дотор 327,6 миллиметр бороо орж, хамгийн хүчтэй үер болжээ. Үерийн улмаас хотын зарим хэсэгт тээврийн хэрэгсэл зогсож, олон барилга байгууламж эвдэрсэн байна. {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт|width=auto |location = Сидней ([[Сиднейн ажиглалтын төв|Обсерваторийн толгод]]) 1991–2020 оны хэвийн, туйлын үе 1861–одоо |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 45.8 |Feb record high C = 42.1 |Mar record high C = 39.8 |Apr record high C = 35.4 |May record high C = 30.0 |Jun record high C = 26.9 |Jul record high C = 26.5 |Aug record high C = 31.3 |Sep record high C = 34.6 |Oct record high C = 38.2 |Nov record high C = 41.8 |Dec record high C = 42.2 |year record high C = 45.8 | Jan avg record high C = 36.8 | Feb avg record high C = 34.1 | Mar avg record high C = 32.2 | Apr avg record high C = 29.7 | May avg record high C = 26.2 | Jun avg record high C = 22.3 | Jul avg record high C = 22.9 | Aug avg record high C = 25.4 | Sep avg record high C = 29.9 | Oct avg record high C = 33.6 | Nov avg record high C = 34.1 | Dec avg record high C = 34.4 | year avg record high C = 38.8 |Jan high C = 27.0 |Feb high C = 26.8 |Mar high C = 25.7 |Apr high C = 23.6 |May high C = 20.9 |Jun high C = 18.3 |Jul high C = 17.9 |Aug high C = 19.3 |Sep high C = 21.6 |Oct high C = 23.2 |Nov high C = 24.2 |Dec high C = 25.7 |year high C = 22.8 |Jan mean C = 23.5 |Feb mean C = 23.4 |Mar mean C = 22.1 |Apr mean C = 19.5 |May mean C = 16.6 |Jun mean C = 14.2 |Jul mean C = 13.4 |Aug mean C = 14.5 |Sep mean C = 17.0 |Oct mean C = 18.9 |Nov mean C = 20.4 |Dec mean C = 22.1 |year mean C = 18.8 |Jan low C = 20.0 |Feb low C = 19.9 |Mar low C = 18.4 |Apr low C = 15.3 |May low C = 12.3 |Jun low C = 10.0 |Jul low C = 8.9 |Aug low C = 9.7 |Sep low C = 12.3 |Oct low C = 14.6 |Nov low C = 16.6 |Dec low C = 18.4 |year low C = 14.7 | Jan avg record low C = 16.1 | Feb avg record low C = 16.1 | Mar avg record low C = 14.2 | Apr avg record low C = 11.0 | May avg record low C = 8.3 | Jun avg record low C = 6.5 | Jul avg record low C = 5.7 | Aug avg record low C = 6.1 | Sep avg record low C = 8.0 | Oct avg record low C = 9.8 | Nov avg record low C = 12.0 | Dec avg record low C = 13.9 | year avg record low C = 5.3 |Jan record low C = 10.6 |Feb record low C = 9.6 |Mar record low C = 9.3 |Apr record low C = 7.0 |May record low C = 4.4 |Jun record low C = 2.1 |Jul record low C = 2.2 |Aug record low C = 2.7 |Sep record low C = 4.9 |Oct record low C = 5.7 |Nov record low C = 7.7 |Dec record low C = 9.1 |year record low C = 2.1 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 91.1 |Feb rain mm = 131.5 |Mar rain mm = 117.5 |Apr rain mm = 114.1 |May rain mm = 100.8 |Jun rain mm = 142.0 |Jul rain mm = 80.3 |Aug rain mm = 75.1 |Sep rain mm = 63.4 |Oct rain mm = 67.7 |Nov rain mm = 90.6 |Dec rain mm = 73.0 |year rain mm = 1149.7 |unit rain days = 1 мм |Jan rain days = 8.2 |Feb rain days = 9.0 |Mar rain days = 10.1 |Apr rain days = 7.9 |May rain days = 7.9 |Jun rain days = 9.3 |Jul rain days = 7.2 |Aug rain days = 5.6 |Sep rain days = 5.8 |Oct rain days = 7.6 |Nov rain days = 8.7 |Dec rain days = 7.9 |year rain days = 95.2 |Jan afthumidity = 60 |Feb afthumidity = 62 |Mar afthumidity = 59 |Apr afthumidity = 58 |May afthumidity = 58 |Jun afthumidity = 56 |Jul afthumidity = 52 |Aug afthumidity = 47 |Sep afthumidity = 49 |Oct afthumidity = 53 |Nov afthumidity = 57 |Dec afthumidity = 58 |year humidity = 56 |Jan dew point C = 16.5 |Feb dew point C = 17.2 |Mar dew point C = 15.4 |Apr dew point C = 12.7 |May dew point C = 10.3 |Jun dew point C = 7.8 |Jul dew point C = 6.1 |Aug dew point C = 5.4 |Sep dew point C = 7.8 |Oct dew point C = 10.2 |Nov dew point C = 12.6 |Dec dew point C = 14.6 |Jan percentsun = 53 |Feb percentsun = 54 |Mar percentsun = 55 |Apr percentsun = 63 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun percentsun = 57 |Jul percentsun = 66 |Aug percentsun = 72 |Sep percentsun = 67 |Oct percentsun = 61 |Nov percentsun = 55 |Dec percentsun = 55 |Jan sun = 232.5 |Feb sun = 205.9 |Mar sun = 210.8 |Apr sun = 213.0 |May sun = 204.6 |Jun sun = 171.0 |Jul sun = 207.7 |Aug sun = 248.0 |Sep sun = 243.0 |Oct sun = 244.9 |Nov sun = 222.0 |Dec sun = 235.6 |year sun = 2,639 |source = [[Цаг уурын товчоо]]<ref name="acnoh">{{cite web |url= http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=066062&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill) Period 1991-2020 |publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill): all years|publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=066062 |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill): highest temperatures|publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927134056/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=066062 |archive-date= 2023-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=066062 |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill): lowest temperatures|publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23}}</ref> |date=February 2020 |source 2= [[Цаг уурын товчоо]], [[Сиднейн нисэх буудал]] (нартай цаг)<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations Sydney Airport AMO | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066037_All.shtml | publisher = Цаг уурын товчоо}}</ref>}} == Сидней хотын захиргаа == Хот өнөөгийн байдлаар 38 тойрогтой. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |'''Монголоор''' |'''Англи нэр''' |'''Монголоор''' |'''Англи нэр''' |- |Бёрвүүд |Burwood |Мэрриквилл |Marrickville |- |Блэктаун |Blacktown |Хорнсби |Hornsby |- |Ботани-Бей |Botany Bay |Обёрн |Auburn |- |Бэнкстаүн |Bankstown |Парраматта |Parramatta |- |Варринга |Warringah |Пенрит |Penrith |- |Виллоби |Willoughby |Питтвоутер |Pittwater |- |Вуллара |Woollahra |Райд |Ryde |- |Вэйвэрли |Waverley |Рокдэйл |Rockdale |- |Камден |Camden |Рэндвик |Randwick |- |Кантербёри |Canterbury |Сазэрлэнд |Sutherland |- |Когара |Kogarah |Умард Сидней |North Sydney |- |Ку-рин-гай |Ku-ring-gai |Сидней |Sydney |- |Кэмпбэллтаүн |Campbelltown |Стратфилд |Strathfield |- |Кэнэда Бей |Canada Bay |Фэйрфилд |Fairfield^[en] |- |Лайкардт |Leichhardt |Хантерз Хилл |Hunter's Hill |- |Ливерпүль |Liverpool |Хёрствилл |Hurstville |- |Лэйн Ков |Lane Cove |Хиллс |The Hills |- |Мосман |Mosman |Холройд |Holroyd |- |Мэнли |Manly |Эшфилд |Ashfield |} == Эдийн засаг == Сидней хотын эдийн засгийн хамгийн чухал салбар бол үйлчилгээ, худалдаа, үйлдвэрлэл, эрүүл мэнд, нийтийн үйлчилгээ юм. 1980-аад оноос хойш хөдөлмөрийн зах зээл өөрчлөгдөж, үйлдвэрлэлийн салбараас үйлчилгээ, мэдээллийн технологийн салбар руу ажлын байрууд нэмэгдэж өөрчлөгдсөн. Сиднейн эдийн засаг Австралийн нийт эдийн засгийн 25 орчим хувийг бүрдүүлдэг. Тус хотод Австралийн үнэт цаасны бирж, Австралийн нөөцийн банк байрладаг бөгөөд 90 банк, тус улсын томоохон компаниудын төв байрнуудын талаас илүү хувь нь энд байрладаг ажээ. Тус хотын оршин суугчид нэг хүнд ногдох дундаж орлого нь Австралид хамгийн өндөр буюу 42,599 ам.доллар байдаг. 2004 оны байдлаар хотын ажилгүйдлийн түвшин 4.9 % байсан. "The Economist" сэтгүүлээс гаргасан судалгаагаар Сидней хот дэлхийн хамгийн үнэтэй хотуудын жагсаалтын 16-р байранд оржээ. Бусад судалгаанаас харахад тус хот оршин суугчдынхаа орлогын түвшингээр 15-р байранд ордог. 2007 оны 9-р сарын 20-ны байдлаар Сидней дэх орон сууцны дундаж үнэ Австралийн томоохон хотуудын дунд хамгийн өндөр буюу 559,000 [[Австрали доллар|AUD]] байв. Сидней мөн Австралийн хамгийн өндөр дундаж түрээсийн байртай хот бөгөөд долоо хоногт дунджаар 450 AUD байдаг ажээ. 2016 онд хөдөлмөрийн насны оршин суугчдын 57.6% нь 1000 [[Австрали доллар|австрали доллараас]] бага орлоготой, 14.4% нь 1750 австрали доллар ба түүнээс дээш орлоготой байжээ. Тухайн үеийн долоо хоногийн дундаж орлого нь хувь хүмүүсийн хувьд 719 AUD, гэр бүлийнхнийх 1,988 AUD, өрхийнхнийх 1,750 AUD байжээ. == Тээвэр == Сидней хотын иргэд автомашин өргөнөөр хэргэлдэг учраас автозамын сүлжээ ихэд хөгжсөн. Хотод хурдны замын сүлжээ (motorway), түүний зарим нь төлбөртэй зорчих зам (tollway), зарим нь үнэгүй зорчих зам (freeway) байдаг. Томоохон автозамууд 10 хэсгээс бүрддэг (Metroads), түүний дотор 110 километр тойрог замын сүлжээ (Sydney Orbital Network) байдаг. Сидней хотод нийтийн тээвэр маш сайн хөгжсөн байдаг- шугамын автобус, такси болон галт тэрэг. Сидней хотоос Парраматта голоор зорчигчдын усан тээвэрийн шугам ажилдаг. 2012 оны 1-р сараас шугамын автобусаар хотын төв хэсэгт нэг удаа зорчиход (Multi-1 бүс) : том хүн AUD 3,5 (6,1 — «ирж\очих») , хүүхэд 1,7 и 3,0 үнэтэй ажээ. Энэ төвийн бүсэд 7 хоногийн бүх тээврийн (автобус, галт тэрэг, усан онгоц) хэрэгсэлийн олон удаа зорчих үнэ том хүн-AUD 43, хүүхэд-21,5 байдаг байна. == Метро == 2019 оны 5-р сарын 26-нд [[Сиднейн метро]] Австрали дахь анхны нэг шугамтай 36 км урт, 13 өртөөтэй метро нээгдэж байсан юм. Энэ шугам нь Роуз-Хилл, Чатсвуд хэмээх хотын захын хоёр дүүргүүдийг хотын төвөөр дайрч холбодог байна. == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|Sydney}} * [http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/ Сидней хотын албан ёсны сайт] == Эшлэл == <references/> [[Ангилал:Сидней| ]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Саятан хот]] [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] [[Ангилал:1788 онд байгуулагдсан]] rv31r3yivm8bajgjym972ks1i5hti3b 859969 859968 2026-06-23T22:55:49Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс мужийн нийслэл}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Сидней | native_name = {{native name|en|Sydney}} | state = nsw | image = {{multiple image |total_width = 280 |border = infobox |perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 |caption_align = center | image1 = Sydney Opera House and Harbour Bridge Dusk (2) 2019-06-21.jpg{{!}}Сиднейн дуурийн театр ба Харбор Бридж | caption1 = [[Сиднейн дуурийн театр]] ба [[Сидней Харбор Бридж|Харбор Бридж]] | image2 = Sydney (AU), Queen Victoria Building -- 2019 -- 3580 (cropped) - 2.jpg{{!}}Викториа Хатан хааны барилга | caption2 = Хатан хааны барилга | image3 = University of Sydney's Main Quadrangle.jpg{{!}}Сиднейн Их Сургууль | caption3 = [[Сиднейн Их Сургууль]] | image4 = Bondi 1.jpg{{!}}Бонди далайн эрэг | caption4 = [[Бонди далайн эрэг]] | image5 = Archibald Fountain (cropped).jpg{{!}}Арчибалдын усан оргилуур | caption5 = [[Арчибалдын усан оргилуур|Арчибалд усан оргилуур]] | image6 = Sydney Harbour panorama (3).jpg {{!}}Тэнгэрийн шугам | caption6 = [[Сиднейн төв бизнес дүүрэг]] }} | local_map = yes | coordinates = {{coord|33|52|4|S|151|12|36|E|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | alternative_location_map = Австрали#Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс#Далайн орнууд | pop = 5,638,830 | pop_year = 2025 | pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABSGCCSA/> | poprank = 1st | density = 449.3 | density_footnotes = (2023){{r|ABSGCCSA}} | established = {{Start date and age|1788|01|26|df=y}} | area = 12367.7 | area_footnotes = (GCCSA)<ref name=ABSGCCSAXLS/> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 |mayor=<!-- Do not add Clover Moore. Whilst Clover Moore takes the title of "Mayor Sydney", the City of Sydney only covers the CBD and Inner City of Sydney, whilst other LGAS are responsible for the rest --> | dist1 = 285 | dir1 = NE | location1 = Канберра | dist2 = 877 | dir2 = NE | location2 = Мельбурн | dist3 = 973 | dir3 = S | location3 = Брисбэн | dist4 = 1373 | dir4 = E | location4 = Аделаид | dist5 = 3845 | dir5 = E | location5 = Перт | lga = [[#Засгийн газар|Их Сиднейд нийт 33 хотын захиргаа]] | county = [[Камберланд тойрог, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Камберланд]]<ref name=gnbcounty>{{NSW GNR |id=JPYbwptLTR|title=Cumberland County |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref> | division = | stategov = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|49 сонгуулийн тойрог]] | fedgov = [[:File:Sydney divisions overview 2010.png|24 divisions]]{{Refn|Greater Sydney does not have an official government, but has 24 federal divisions that are within the metropolitan area's boundaries}} | maxtemp = 22.8 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name="Bureau-of-Meteorology-Obs-Hill"/> | mintemp = 14.7 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name="Bureau-of-Meteorology-Obs-Hill"/> | rainfall = 1149.7 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name="Bureau-of-Meteorology-Obs-Hill"/> }} '''Сидней''' ({{lang-en|Sydney}}) нь [[Австрали]]йн 2020 оны хүн амын тооллогоор хамгийн их буюу 5.367.206 хүн амтай хот юм. [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] мужийн нийслэл бөгөөд [[Британи]]йн Австрали дахь хамгийн анхны [[колони]] юм. Тус хотыг 1788 онд Британиас ирсэн Анхны усан флотын удирдагч [[Артур Филлип]] Сиднейн буланд байгуулжээ. Энэ хотыг Их Британийн колонийн нарийн бичгийн дарга лорд [[Томас Сидней]]-гийн нэрэмжит болгож "Сидней" гэж нэрлэжээ. Сидней хотоос ирсэн хүнийг ''Sydneysider'' гэдэг.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://timescanner.pro/ru/Sydney_State_of_New_South_Wales |title=Сидней хотын талаарх мэдээлэл |access-date=2021-02-03 |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204182552/https://timescanner.pro/ru/Sydney_State_of_New_South_Wales |url-status=dead }}</ref> Сидней нь Австралийн зүүн өмнөд эрэг дээр оршдог. Сидней хот Жэксон боомтыг хүрээлж байгуулагдсан тул "Боомтын хот" ([[Англи хэл|англи]]. The Harbour City) гэх нэртэй болжээ. [[Сиднейн дуурийн театр]], Боомтын гүүр ([[Англи хэл|англи.]] ''Harbour Bridge''), далайн эргүүдээрээ алдартай. Хотын нутаг дэвсгэрийн эргэн тойронд үндэсний паркууд байдаг ба олон булан тохой, гол мөрнүүдтэй. Сидней хот [[Лоубороугийн их сургууль|Лоубороугийн их сургуулийн]] 1999 оны "дэлхийн хот"-уудын жагсаалтад бүртгэгджээ. Сидней нь 1938 оны [[Британий эзэнт гүрний наадам]], [[Сиднейн олимп|2000 оны зуны олимп]], 2003 оны [[Рагбигийн дэлхийн аварга шалгаруулах тэмцээн]] зэрэг олон [[спорт]], [[улс төр]], [[соёл урлаг]]ийн наадам, тэмцээн, арга хэмжээг зохион байгуулсан байна. 2007 оны 9-р сард [[Ази Номхон Далайн эдийн засгийн хамтын ажиллагааны байгууллага|Ази Номхон Далайн эдийн засгийн хамтын ажиллагааны байгууллагын]] 21 гишүүн орны төрийн тэргүүдийг хүлээн авч, 2008 оны долдугаар сард Дэлхийн залуучуудын өдрийг зохион байгуулжээ. Австралид ирж буй цагаачдын олонхи нь Сиднейг зорьдог учир олон үндэстнээс бүрдсэн хот болжээ. Мерсерийн судалгаагаар Сидней нь амьжиргааны өртгөөр Австралид нэгдүгээрт, дэлхийд 66-рт жагсдаг ажээ. == Хүн ам == 1788 онд Сидней хот байгуулагдахад хүн ам 1000 хүрэхгүй байжээ. 1961 оноос хойшхи 10 жил тутамд хүн ам 250 мянга гаруй нэмэгдэж байсан. 2006 оны хүн амын тооллогоор Сидней хот болон хотын орчим нутаг дэвсгэр нь 4,119,190 хүн амтай, Сидней хот дангаараа 3,641,422 хүн амтай байсан. 2020 онд хотын хүн ам 5,367,206-д хүрсэн байна. Сидней хотын оршин суугчид хамгийн их гарал үүсэлтэй нь Австрали, Англи, Ирланд, Шотланд, Хятад байсан. Мөн хүн амын тооллогоор Сидней хотод 1.1 хувь нь уугуул иргэд амьдардаг бөгөөд хүн амын 37.7 % нь Австралиас гадуур төрсөн иргэд болохыг тогтоожээ. Хотын оршин суугчдын 18.1 % нь Ази гаралтай. Цагаачдын гурван гол эх үүсвэр нь Их Британи, Хятад, Шинэ Зеланд юм. Тэдний араас Вьетнам, Ливан, Энэтхэг, Итали, Филиппины цагаачид ордог ажээ. == Газар зүй == === Уур амьсгал === Сидней нь дунд зэргийн халуун зун, дунд зэргийн дулаан өвөлтэй субтропик далайн уур амьсгалтай. Хотод орох хур тунадасны хэмжээг жилийн туршид хуваарилдаг бөгөөд өвлийн саруудад илүү байдаг. Далайтай эрэг дагуу хотын бүсүүд илүү тогтуун уур амьсгалтай байдаг ч Австралийн эх газрын гүн рүү байрладаг хотын баруун хэсэгт температурын огцом хэлбэлзэл тохиолддог. Хамгийн дулаан сар нь 1-р сар бөгөөд агаарын дундаж температур 16.6-25.8 ° C, агаарын температур 30 ° C-аас дээш байдаг өдрийн дундаж тоо - 14.6 байна. Температурын дээд амжилт 2013 оны 1-р сарын 18-нд Австралид халууны давалгааны үеэр тэмдэглэж, агаарын температур 45.8 ° C, хотын захад 47 ° C хүрч байв. Далайн эрэг орчмын бүс нутагт өвлийн температур 5 хэмээс доош унах нь ховор. Хамгийн хүйтэн сар бол 7-р сар бөгөөд өдрийн дундаж температур 8-16.2 ° C байдаг. Сидней хотод 2.1 хэм буюу хамгийн бага температур мөн бүртгэгдэж байсан. Сидней хотод ихэвчлэн өвөл, хаврын улиралд их хэмжээний бороо орсны улмаас үерт автдаг байна. Энэ үеэр их хэмжээний хур тунадас орох нь Австралийн зүүн хэсгийн нутаг дэвсгэр дээгүүр нам даралтын бүсийг дайран өнгөрсний улмаас үүсдэг. Хүчтэй хур тунадас орохоос гадна энэ үеийн цаг агаар нь далайд хүчтэй салхи, байнга шуургатай байдаг юм. 1986 оны 8-р сарын 6-нд Сидней хотод 24 цагийн дотор 327,6 миллиметр бороо орж, хамгийн хүчтэй үер болжээ. Үерийн улмаас хотын зарим хэсэгт тээврийн хэрэгсэл зогсож, олон барилга байгууламж эвдэрсэн байна. {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт|width=auto |location = Сидней ([[Сиднейн ажиглалтын төв|Обсерваторийн толгод]]) 1991–2020 оны хэвийн, туйлын үе 1861–одоо |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |Jan record high C = 45.8 |Feb record high C = 42.1 |Mar record high C = 39.8 |Apr record high C = 35.4 |May record high C = 30.0 |Jun record high C = 26.9 |Jul record high C = 26.5 |Aug record high C = 31.3 |Sep record high C = 34.6 |Oct record high C = 38.2 |Nov record high C = 41.8 |Dec record high C = 42.2 |year record high C = 45.8 | Jan avg record high C = 36.8 | Feb avg record high C = 34.1 | Mar avg record high C = 32.2 | Apr avg record high C = 29.7 | May avg record high C = 26.2 | Jun avg record high C = 22.3 | Jul avg record high C = 22.9 | Aug avg record high C = 25.4 | Sep avg record high C = 29.9 | Oct avg record high C = 33.6 | Nov avg record high C = 34.1 | Dec avg record high C = 34.4 | year avg record high C = 38.8 |Jan high C = 27.0 |Feb high C = 26.8 |Mar high C = 25.7 |Apr high C = 23.6 |May high C = 20.9 |Jun high C = 18.3 |Jul high C = 17.9 |Aug high C = 19.3 |Sep high C = 21.6 |Oct high C = 23.2 |Nov high C = 24.2 |Dec high C = 25.7 |year high C = 22.8 |Jan mean C = 23.5 |Feb mean C = 23.4 |Mar mean C = 22.1 |Apr mean C = 19.5 |May mean C = 16.6 |Jun mean C = 14.2 |Jul mean C = 13.4 |Aug mean C = 14.5 |Sep mean C = 17.0 |Oct mean C = 18.9 |Nov mean C = 20.4 |Dec mean C = 22.1 |year mean C = 18.8 |Jan low C = 20.0 |Feb low C = 19.9 |Mar low C = 18.4 |Apr low C = 15.3 |May low C = 12.3 |Jun low C = 10.0 |Jul low C = 8.9 |Aug low C = 9.7 |Sep low C = 12.3 |Oct low C = 14.6 |Nov low C = 16.6 |Dec low C = 18.4 |year low C = 14.7 | Jan avg record low C = 16.1 | Feb avg record low C = 16.1 | Mar avg record low C = 14.2 | Apr avg record low C = 11.0 | May avg record low C = 8.3 | Jun avg record low C = 6.5 | Jul avg record low C = 5.7 | Aug avg record low C = 6.1 | Sep avg record low C = 8.0 | Oct avg record low C = 9.8 | Nov avg record low C = 12.0 | Dec avg record low C = 13.9 | year avg record low C = 5.3 |Jan record low C = 10.6 |Feb record low C = 9.6 |Mar record low C = 9.3 |Apr record low C = 7.0 |May record low C = 4.4 |Jun record low C = 2.1 |Jul record low C = 2.2 |Aug record low C = 2.7 |Sep record low C = 4.9 |Oct record low C = 5.7 |Nov record low C = 7.7 |Dec record low C = 9.1 |year record low C = 2.1 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 91.1 |Feb rain mm = 131.5 |Mar rain mm = 117.5 |Apr rain mm = 114.1 |May rain mm = 100.8 |Jun rain mm = 142.0 |Jul rain mm = 80.3 |Aug rain mm = 75.1 |Sep rain mm = 63.4 |Oct rain mm = 67.7 |Nov rain mm = 90.6 |Dec rain mm = 73.0 |year rain mm = 1149.7 |unit rain days = 1 мм |Jan rain days = 8.2 |Feb rain days = 9.0 |Mar rain days = 10.1 |Apr rain days = 7.9 |May rain days = 7.9 |Jun rain days = 9.3 |Jul rain days = 7.2 |Aug rain days = 5.6 |Sep rain days = 5.8 |Oct rain days = 7.6 |Nov rain days = 8.7 |Dec rain days = 7.9 |year rain days = 95.2 |Jan afthumidity = 60 |Feb afthumidity = 62 |Mar afthumidity = 59 |Apr afthumidity = 58 |May afthumidity = 58 |Jun afthumidity = 56 |Jul afthumidity = 52 |Aug afthumidity = 47 |Sep afthumidity = 49 |Oct afthumidity = 53 |Nov afthumidity = 57 |Dec afthumidity = 58 |year humidity = 56 |Jan dew point C = 16.5 |Feb dew point C = 17.2 |Mar dew point C = 15.4 |Apr dew point C = 12.7 |May dew point C = 10.3 |Jun dew point C = 7.8 |Jul dew point C = 6.1 |Aug dew point C = 5.4 |Sep dew point C = 7.8 |Oct dew point C = 10.2 |Nov dew point C = 12.6 |Dec dew point C = 14.6 |Jan percentsun = 53 |Feb percentsun = 54 |Mar percentsun = 55 |Apr percentsun = 63 |May percentsun = 63 |Jun percentsun = 57 |Jul percentsun = 66 |Aug percentsun = 72 |Sep percentsun = 67 |Oct percentsun = 61 |Nov percentsun = 55 |Dec percentsun = 55 |Jan sun = 232.5 |Feb sun = 205.9 |Mar sun = 210.8 |Apr sun = 213.0 |May sun = 204.6 |Jun sun = 171.0 |Jul sun = 207.7 |Aug sun = 248.0 |Sep sun = 243.0 |Oct sun = 244.9 |Nov sun = 222.0 |Dec sun = 235.6 |year sun = 2,639 |source = [[Цаг уурын товчоо]]<ref name="acnoh">{{cite web |url= http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=066062&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill) Period 1991-2020 |publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill): all years|publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=066062 |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill): highest temperatures|publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927134056/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=066062 |archive-date= 2023-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=066062 |title= Sydney (Observatory Hill): lowest temperatures|publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23}}</ref> |date=February 2020 |source 2= [[Цаг уурын товчоо]], [[Сиднейн нисэх буудал]] (нартай цаг)<ref>{{cite web|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations Sydney Airport AMO | url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066037_All.shtml | publisher = Цаг уурын товчоо}}</ref>}} == Сидней хотын захиргаа == Хот өнөөгийн байдлаар 38 тойрогтой. {| class="wikitable sortable" |- |'''Монголоор''' |'''Англи нэр''' |'''Монголоор''' |'''Англи нэр''' |- |Бёрвүүд |Burwood |Мэрриквилл |Marrickville |- |Блэктаун |Blacktown |Хорнсби |Hornsby |- |Ботани-Бей |Botany Bay |Обёрн |Auburn |- |Бэнкстаүн |Bankstown |Парраматта |Parramatta |- |Варринга |Warringah |Пенрит |Penrith |- |Виллоби |Willoughby |Питтвоутер |Pittwater |- |Вуллара |Woollahra |Райд |Ryde |- |Вэйвэрли |Waverley |Рокдэйл |Rockdale |- |Камден |Camden |Рэндвик |Randwick |- |Кантербёри |Canterbury |Сазэрлэнд |Sutherland |- |Когара |Kogarah |Умард Сидней |North Sydney |- |Ку-рин-гай |Ku-ring-gai |Сидней |Sydney |- |Кэмпбэллтаүн |Campbelltown |Стратфилд |Strathfield |- |Кэнэда Бей |Canada Bay |Фэйрфилд |Fairfield^[en] |- |Лайкардт |Leichhardt |Хантерз Хилл |Hunter's Hill |- |Ливерпүль |Liverpool |Хёрствилл |Hurstville |- |Лэйн Ков |Lane Cove |Хиллс |The Hills |- |Мосман |Mosman |Холройд |Holroyd |- |Мэнли |Manly |Эшфилд |Ashfield |} == Эдийн засаг == Сидней хотын эдийн засгийн хамгийн чухал салбар бол үйлчилгээ, худалдаа, үйлдвэрлэл, эрүүл мэнд, нийтийн үйлчилгээ юм. 1980-аад оноос хойш хөдөлмөрийн зах зээл өөрчлөгдөж, үйлдвэрлэлийн салбараас үйлчилгээ, мэдээллийн технологийн салбар руу ажлын байрууд нэмэгдэж өөрчлөгдсөн. Сиднейн эдийн засаг Австралийн нийт эдийн засгийн 25 орчим хувийг бүрдүүлдэг. Тус хотод Австралийн үнэт цаасны бирж, Австралийн нөөцийн банк байрладаг бөгөөд 90 банк, тус улсын томоохон компаниудын төв байрнуудын талаас илүү хувь нь энд байрладаг ажээ. Тус хотын оршин суугчид нэг хүнд ногдох дундаж орлого нь Австралид хамгийн өндөр буюу 42,599 ам.доллар байдаг. 2004 оны байдлаар хотын ажилгүйдлийн түвшин 4.9 % байсан. "The Economist" сэтгүүлээс гаргасан судалгаагаар Сидней хот дэлхийн хамгийн үнэтэй хотуудын жагсаалтын 16-р байранд оржээ. Бусад судалгаанаас харахад тус хот оршин суугчдынхаа орлогын түвшингээр 15-р байранд ордог. 2007 оны 9-р сарын 20-ны байдлаар Сидней дэх орон сууцны дундаж үнэ Австралийн томоохон хотуудын дунд хамгийн өндөр буюу 559,000 [[Австрали доллар|AUD]] байв. Сидней мөн Австралийн хамгийн өндөр дундаж түрээсийн байртай хот бөгөөд долоо хоногт дунджаар 450 AUD байдаг ажээ. 2016 онд хөдөлмөрийн насны оршин суугчдын 57.6% нь 1000 [[Австрали доллар|австрали доллараас]] бага орлоготой, 14.4% нь 1750 австрали доллар ба түүнээс дээш орлоготой байжээ. Тухайн үеийн долоо хоногийн дундаж орлого нь хувь хүмүүсийн хувьд 719 AUD, гэр бүлийнхнийх 1,988 AUD, өрхийнхнийх 1,750 AUD байжээ. == Тээвэр == Сидней хотын иргэд автомашин өргөнөөр хэргэлдэг учраас автозамын сүлжээ ихэд хөгжсөн. Хотод хурдны замын сүлжээ (motorway), түүний зарим нь төлбөртэй зорчих зам (tollway), зарим нь үнэгүй зорчих зам (freeway) байдаг. Томоохон автозамууд 10 хэсгээс бүрддэг (Metroads), түүний дотор 110 километр тойрог замын сүлжээ (Sydney Orbital Network) байдаг. Сидней хотод нийтийн тээвэр маш сайн хөгжсөн байдаг- шугамын автобус, такси болон галт тэрэг. Сидней хотоос Парраматта голоор зорчигчдын усан тээвэрийн шугам ажилдаг. 2012 оны 1-р сараас шугамын автобусаар хотын төв хэсэгт нэг удаа зорчиход (Multi-1 бүс) : том хүн AUD 3,5 (6,1 — «ирж\очих») , хүүхэд 1,7 и 3,0 үнэтэй ажээ. Энэ төвийн бүсэд 7 хоногийн бүх тээврийн (автобус, галт тэрэг, усан онгоц) хэрэгсэлийн олон удаа зорчих үнэ том хүн-AUD 43, хүүхэд-21,5 байдаг байна. == Метро == 2019 оны 5-р сарын 26-нд [[Сиднейн метро]] Австрали дахь анхны нэг шугамтай 36 км урт, 13 өртөөтэй метро нээгдэж байсан юм. Энэ шугам нь Роуз-Хилл, Чатсвуд хэмээх хотын захын хоёр дүүргүүдийг хотын төвөөр дайрч холбодог байна. == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|Sydney}} * [http://www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/ Сидней хотын албан ёсны сайт] == Эшлэл == <references/> [[Ангилал:Сидней| ]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Саятан хот]] [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] [[Ангилал:1788 онд байгуулагдсан]] 8a147f6u9b8scf2e7lyao7usvq6tkcj 0 8967 859933 854581 2026-06-23T19:03:34Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн Квийнслэндийн нийслэл хот}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Брисбэн | native_name = {{langx|en|Brisbane}} | state = qld | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Brisbane CBD seen from Kangaroo Point, 2024, 01 (2).jpg | alt1 = Брисбэний тэнгэрийн хаяа | caption1 = [[Брисбэний төв бизнес дүүрэг|Брисбэн ТБД-ийн]] тэнгэрийн хаяа | image2 = Brisbane City Hall, 275 George Street, 69 Ann Street, 300 George, Brisbane, Feb 2020.jpg | alt2 = Брисбэн хотын захиргаа | caption2 = [[Брисбэн хотын захиргаа]] | image3 = St John's Cathedral, Brisbane, Queensland, 2020, 01.jpg | alt3 = Гэгээн Жоны цогчин дуган | caption3 = [[Гэгээн Жоны цогчин дуган (Брисбэн)|Гэгээн Жоны сүм]] | image4 = AUS Brisbane, Central Business District, Reddacliff Place 008 (cropped).jpg | alt4 = Сангийн барилга | caption4 = [[Сангийн барилга, Брисбэн|Сангийн барилга]] | image5 = Queensland Gallery of Modern Art at dusk, Brisbane, 2019.jpg | alt5 = Орчин үеийн урлагийн галерей | caption5 = [[Орчин үеийн урлагийн галерей, Брисбэн|Орчин үеийн урлагийн галерей]] | image6 = Brisbane Story Bridge at Dusk= (24149816842) (2).jpg | alt6 = Стори гүүр | caption6 = [[Стори гүүр]] болон [[Брисбэн гол]] }} | mapframe-marker = city | local_map = yes | local_map_caption = Их Брисбэний интерактив газрын зураг | zoom = 7 | coordinates = {{coord|27|28|04|S|153|01|41|E|type:city(2,600,000)_region:AU-QLD|display=it}} | relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = left | pop = 2,833,524 | pop_year = 2025 | pop_footnotes =<ref name="abs.gov.au">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2024-25 |title= Regional population, 2024-25 financial year |publisher=Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо |date=2026-03-31 |access-date=2026-06-23 }}</ref> | poprank = 3-т | density = 175.5 | density_footnotes = <ref name="auto5">{{Cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/3GBRI |title=2021 Greater Brisbane, Census Community Profiles |publisher=Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2022-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630122137/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/3GBRI |url-status=live}}</ref> (2021 GCCSA) | established = {{start date and age|1825}}<br/>(огноо тодорхойгүй)<br/><ref>{{cite web |title=Uncovering the secrets behind the City of Brisbane's settlement 190 years ago |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-13/uncovering-the-secrets-behind-brisbanes-settlement-190-years-ago/6465932 |date=2015-05-13 |access-date=2026-06-23 |work=ABC News |archive-date=2024-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803094718/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-05-13/uncovering-the-secrets-behind-brisbanes-settlement-190-years-ago/6465932 |url-status=live }}</ref> | alternative_location_map = Австрали#Квийнслэнд#Далайн орнууд | elevation = 32 | elevation_footnotes = | area = 15842 | area_footnotes = <ref name="auto5" /><ref>[https://brisbanetour.com.au/blog/what-is-the-greater-brisbane-area/ "What is the greater Brisbane area?"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011122839/https://brisbanetour.com.au/blog/what-is-the-greater-brisbane-area/ |date=2022-10-11 }}, brisbanetour.com.au</ref> | timezone = [[AEST]] | utc = +10:00 | dist1 = 973 | dir1 = N | location1 = [[Сидней]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=87421&placename=sydney&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |title=Great Circle Distance from between Brisbane and Sydney |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=2004|access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=87421&placename=sydney&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> | dist2 = 1232 | dir2 = NNE | location2 = [[Канберра]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=131&placename=canberra&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |title=Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Canberra |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=2004|access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=131&placename=canberra&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> | dist3 = 1687 | dir3 = NNE | location3 = [[Мельбурн]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=248650&placename=melbourne&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |title=Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Melbourne |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=248650&placename=melbourne&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> | dist4 = 2007 | dir4 = NE | location4 = [[Аделаид]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=163285&placename=ADELAIDE&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |title=Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Adelaide |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=163285&placename=ADELAIDE&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> | dist5 = 4238 | dir5 = ENE | location5 = [[Перт]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=304529&placename=perth&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |title=Great Circle Distance between Brisbane and Perth |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207095017/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=304529&placename=perth&placetype=0&state=0&place1=BRISBANE&place1long=153.028015&place1lat=-27.467850 |archive-date=2016-02-07 |url-status=live}}</ref> | lga = | region = [[Зүүн Өмнөд Квийнслэнд]] | county = [[County of Stanley, Queensland|Stanley]], [[County of Canning|Canning]], [[County of Cavendish|Cavendish]], [[County of Churchill, Queensland|Churchill]], [[County of Ward, Queensland|Ward]] | stategov = [[Квийнслэндийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|41 нэгж]] | fedgov = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|17 нэгж]] | maxtemp = 26.6 | mintemp = 16.4 | rainfall = 1012 | demographics_type2 = ДЭБ {{nobold|(нэрлэсэн)}} | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|title=Economic performance of Australia's cities and regions|url=https://sgsep.com.au/assets/main/Publications/SGS-Economics-and-Planning_Economic-Performance-of-Australian-Cities-and-Regions.pdf|website=sgsep.com.au}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Нийт | demographics2_info1 = A${{FXConvert|AUS|177.006|b|year=2019|lk=on}} | demographics2_title2 = Нэг хүнд ноогдох | demographics2_info2 = A${{FXConvert|AUS|70300|year=2019|lk=on}} }} '''Брисбэн''' ({{lang-en|Brisbane}}) нь [[Австрали|Австралийн холбооны улсын]] [[Квийнслэнд]] мужийн төв бөгөөд мужийн зүүн өмнөд хэсэгт Брисбэн голын эрэг дээр оршдог байна. [[Сидней]], [[Мельбурн]]ы дараа орох Австралийн 3 дахь том хот болно. == Түүх == [[1823]] онд Жон Окслигийн удирдсан хайгуулын баг [[Мортон булан]] ба [[Брисбэн гол]] орчмын судалгааг хийжээ. [[1824]] онд [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]] дэх [[колони]]йн засгийн газар одоогийн Рэдклифф дүүргийн Мортон булангийн эрэг хэсэгт [[цөллөг]]ийн хуаран байгуулсан боловч ундны усны асуудлаас болж жилийн дараа өмнө тийш, одоо Брисбэн хотын төв байрлах газар луу нүүлгэсэн байна. [[1838]] онд Европоос жирийн иргэд шилжин суурьшиж эхлэв. [[Файл:Albert Street Brisbane 1883.jpg|thumb|right|250px|19-р зууны сүүлийн хагас дахь Брисбэн хот]] [[1840]] онд Роберт Диксон Брисбэнийг хөгжүүлэх эхний төлөвлөгөөг гаргасан. [[1859]] оны [[6 сар]]д Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсээс Квийнслэнд муж тусгаарлаж, тус хотыг мужийн төв болгов. Гэхдээ Брисбэн нь албан ёсоор хот гэж дөнгөж 1902 онд хүлээн зөвшөөрөгдсөн байна. [[Дэлхийн хоёрдугаар дайн]]ы үед Брисбэнд [[Америкийн Нэгдсэн Улс|АНУ]]-ын цэрэг байрлаж, холбоотны армийн Номхон далайн баруун өмнөд хэсэг дэх цэргийн ажиллагаанд голлох үүрэг гүйцэтгэж байлаа. [[1974]] онд тус хотын дундуур урсах Брисбэн гол эргээсээ хальж, хотод ихээхэн хохирол учруулсан бөгөөд өмнө нь ч [[1864]], [[1893]], [[1897]] онуудад эргээсээ хальж байсан аж. Тус үерийн дараа хотын захиргаа үерээс урьдчилан сэргийлэх арга хэмжээ авсан байна. [[1982]] онд [[Британийн хамтын нөхөрлөлийн орнуудын наадам]], [[1988]] онд [[Экспо]] үзэсгэлэн зохиогдож байсан түүхтэй. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд тус хотод шилжин суурьшигчид эрчимтэй өсч, хотын хүн амын тоо эрс нэмэгдэж байна. == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт | location = Брисбэн (1999–2024 оны хэвийн) | metric first = yes | single line = yes |Jan record high C = 40.0 |Feb record high C = 41.7 |Mar record high C = 37.9 |Apr record high C = 33.7 |May record high C = 30.7 |Jun record high C = 29.0 |Jul record high C = 29.1 |Aug record high C = 35.4 |Sep record high C = 37.0 |Oct record high C = 38.7 |Nov record high C = 38.9 |Dec record high C = 41.2 |year record high C = 41.7 | Jan high C = 30.4 | Feb high C = 30.2 | Mar high C = 29.2 | Apr high C = 27.2 | May high C = 24.5 | Jun high C = 22.1 | Jul high C = 22.0 | Aug high C = 23.5 | Sep high C = 25.7 | Oct high C = 27.1 | Nov high C = 28.3 | Dec high C = 29.6 | year high C = 26.7 | Jan mean C= 26.1 | Feb mean C= 25.9 | Mar mean C= 24.8 | Apr mean C= 22.3 | May mean C= 19.2 | Jun mean C= 17.0 | Jul mean C= 16.3 | Aug mean C= 17.3 | Sep mean C= 19.8 | Oct mean C= 21.8 | Nov mean C= 23.6 | Dec mean C= 25.1 | year mean C= 21.6 | Jan low C = 21.7 | Feb low C = 21.5 | Mar low C = 20.3 | Apr low C = 17.4 | May low C = 13.9 | Jun low C = 11.8 | Jul low C = 10.5 | Aug low C = 11.1 | Sep low C = 13.9 | Oct low C = 16.5 | Nov low C = 18.8 | Dec low C = 20.6 | year low C = 16.5 |Jan record low C = 17.0 |Feb record low C = 16.5 |Mar record low C = 12.2 |Apr record low C = 10.0 |May record low C = 5.0 |Jun record low C = 5.0 |Jul record low C = 2.6 |Aug record low C = 4.1 |Sep record low C = 7.0 |Oct record low C = 8.8 |Nov record low C = 10.8 |Dec record low C = 14.0 |year record low C = 2.6 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 141.1 | Feb precipitation mm = 181.9 | Mar precipitation mm = 129.3 | Apr precipitation mm = 60.5 | May precipitation mm = 69.8 | Jun precipitation mm = 56.9 | Jul precipitation mm = 30.4 | Aug precipitation mm = 34.6 | Sep precipitation mm = 29.7 | Oct precipitation mm = 85.8 | Nov precipitation mm = 100.1 | Dec precipitation mm = 140.0 | year precipitation mm = 1048.2 | Jan rain days = 8.8 | Feb rain days = 9.7 | Mar rain days = 9.7 | Apr rain days = 7.0 | May rain days = 6.0 | Jun rain days = 6.0 | Jul rain days = 4.0 | Aug rain days = 3.7 | Sep rain days = 3.9 | Oct rain days = 7.2 | Nov rain days = 7.9 | Dec rain days = 8.9 | year rain days = 82.8 | unit rain days = 1 mm | Jan afthumidity = 57 | Feb afthumidity = 59 | Mar afthumidity = 57 | Apr afthumidity = 54 | May afthumidity = 49 | Jun afthumidity = 52 | Jul afthumidity = 44 | Aug afthumidity = 43 | Sep afthumidity = 48 | Oct afthumidity = 51 | Nov afthumidity = 56 | Dec afthumidity = 57 | year afthumidity = 52 |Jan sun = 267 |Feb sun = 235 |Mar sun = 233 |Apr sun = 237 |May sun = 239 |Jun sun = 198 |Jul sun = 239 |Aug sun = 270 |Sep sun = 267 |Oct sun = 270 |Nov sun = 273 |Dec sun = 264 |year sun = 2989 |Jan percentsun = 63 |Feb percentsun = 65 |Mar percentsun = 62 |Apr percentsun = 69 |May percentsun = 71 |Jun percentsun = 63 |Jul percentsun = 73 |Aug percentsun = 78 |Sep percentsun = 74 |Oct percentsun = 68 |Nov percentsun = 67 |Dec percentsun = 62 |Jan uv = 13 |Feb uv = 12 |Mar uv = 10 |Apr uv = 7 |May uv = 5 |Jun uv = 4 |Jul uv = 4 |Aug uv = 5 |Sep uv = 7 |Oct uv = 10 |Nov uv = 12 |Dec uv = 13 | source 1 = [[Цаг уурын товчоо]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml |title=Brisbane |author=Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250117083735/http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml |archive-date=2025-01-17 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} [[Файл:Klimadiagramm-Brisbane-Australien-metrisch-deutsch.png|thumb|right|300px|Брисбэний жилийн турш дахь дундаж температур болон хур тунадасны хэмжээ]] [[Файл:Brisbane City Night.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Хотын шөнийн байдал]] [[Файл:Brisbane map of city cbd.PNG|thumb|right|200px|Хотын төвийн газрын зураг]] == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|Brisbane}} * [http://www.brisbane.qld.gov.au/ Brisbane City Council] == Эшлэл == <references /> [[Ангилал:Брисбэн| ]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Саятан хот]] [[Ангилал:Квийнслэндийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] 7r1r3y6kqmuj12rgka50q1ii3k0lig9 0 9363 859907 832869 2026-06-23T17:35:21Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Австралийн муж}} {{for|Канадын түүхэн мужийн|Шинэ Британи (Канад)}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс | native_name = {{native name|en|New South Wales}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of New South Wales.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of Arms of New South Wales.svg | seal_size = 130px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн төрийн сүлд | motto = {{native name|la|Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites}}<br />({{lang-mn|Шинээр боссон, та нар ямар сайхан гялалзана вэ}}) | nickname = {{hlist|Анхны Муж|Тэргүүлэгч Муж}} | image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg | map_caption = Австрали дахь Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн байршил<br />Солбицол: {{coord|32|S|147|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-NSW|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн колони]] | established_title2 = Үүсгэн байгуулалт | established_date2 = 1 сарын 26, 1788 он | established_title3 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date3 = 6 сарын 6, 1856 он | established_title4 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Уэльс]] | demonym = | capital = [[Сидней]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = {{coord|33|52|04|S|151|12|36|E|display=inline}} | admin_center = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|128 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Маргарет Бизли]] | leader_title3 = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Крис Миннс]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 47 суудал (151-ээс) | legislature = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн хууль тогтоох ассамблей|Хууль тогтоох ассамблей]] | judiciary = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн дээд шүүх]] | area_km2 = 809952 | area_land_km2 = 801150 | area_water_km2 = 8802 | area_rank = 5 | area_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 2228 | elevation_max_point = [[Косцюшко уул]] | population_estimate = {{Increase}} 8,130,115<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|title=National, state and territory population – March 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=27 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 1 | population_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 8.3 | population_density_rank = 3 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $624.9 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_rank = 1 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $76,876 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 4 | HDI = 0.952<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = | utc_offset_list = {{ublist|[[UTC+10:30]] ([[Лорд Хау арал]])|[[UTC+10:00]] ([[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]]) (ихэнх хэсэгт)|[[UTC+09:30]] ([[Австралийн Төв Стандарт Цаг|АТСЦ]]) ([[Брөүкен Хилл (Австрали)|Брөүкен Хилл]])}} | utc_offset_list_DST = {{ublist|[[UTC+11:00]] ([[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|АЗЗЦ]]) (ихэнх хэсэгт болон Лорд Хау арал)|[[UTC+10:30]] ([[Австралийн Төв Зуны Цаг|АТЗЦ]]) (Брөүкен Хилл)}} | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = NSW | website = {{URL|nsw.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU-NSW]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг | embedded=yes | mammal = [[Нугасан хошуут]]<br />''(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)'' | bird = [[Кукабурра]]<br />''(Dacelo gigas)'' | fish = [[Хөх гропер]]<br />''(Achoerodus viridis)'' | flower = [[Telopea speciosissima|Waratah]]<br />''(Telopea speciosissima)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/nsw.emblem.html|title=Floral Emblem of New South Wales|publisher=www.anbg.gov.auhi|access-date=23 January 2013|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226112205/http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/nsw.emblem.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | fossil = [[Mandageria|Mandageria fairfaxi]] | mineral = [[Гэрэлт чимэд]] | colour = [[Тэнгэрийн хөх]]<br />''(Pantone 291)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/nsw.htm|title=New South Wales|work=Parliament@Work|access-date=22 January 2013|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226112210/https://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/nsw.htm%20|url-status=live}}</ref> }} }} [[Зураг:Bernhard Otto Holtermann with 630lb gold from Hill End.jpg|thumbnail|1872 онд Алтны халуурлын үеэр Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн Хилл-Эндээс гаргаж авсан 285 кг алт]] '''Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс''' буюу '''Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс''' (New South Wales-'''NSW''' гэж англиар товчилдог) нь [[Австрали]]йн хамгийн эртний бөгөөд хамгийн олон хүн амтай муж. Тус улсын зүүн өмнөд хэсэг [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] мужийн хойд талд, [[Квийнслэнд]] мужийн өмнөд хэсэгт оршдог. Тус муж 1788 онд байгуулагдахдаа Австралийн эх газрын ихээхэн хэсгийг болон [[Лорд Хауи Арал]], [[Норфолк Арал|Норфолк Арлыг]] хамарч байв. Эхэн үеийн зарим захирагчид Британийн албан тушаалтнууд буруу гэдгийг нь хэлэх хүртэл тус мужид [[Шинэ Зеланд]]ыг оруулж тооцдог байв. Гэвч Британи 1840 онд Шинэ Зеландыг нэгтгэх үед богинохон хугацаанд Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн нэг хэсэг болж байсан.<ref>A.H. McLintock (ed), ''An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand', 3 vols, Wellington, NZ:R.E. Owen, Government Printer, 1966, vol 3 p.526. '</ref> XIX зууны үед томоохон нутаг дэвсгэрийг тусгаарлан [[Британи]]йн [[Тасмани]], [[Өмнөд Австрали]], Викториа, Квийнслэнд, Шинэ Зеландын колониудыг тусад нь байгуулав. Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн хамгийн том хот бөгөөд нийслэл нь [[Сидней]] юм. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist|2}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|New South Wales}} * [http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/mapproj/se.htm Australia - Map of South East Australia from Geoscience Australia] * [http://www.nsw.gov.au NSW Official State Website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160422092518/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/ NSW Parliament] * [http://www.police.nsw.gov.au NSW Police] * [http://www.austlii.edu.au/databases.html#nsw NSW State Law] * [http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/history_nation/index.html NSW State Library - History of Our Nation] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506033524/http://www.nsw.gov.au/weather.asp NSW Weather and Sydney Weather] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080213051049/http://dmoz.org/Regional/Oceania/Australia/New_South_Wales/ NSW Directory] - from the Open Directory Project {{Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] k2xsy70y8fl61nydi85udxtxif3kx4a 859908 859907 2026-06-23T17:36:25Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Австралийн муж}} {{for|Канадын түүхэн мужийн|Шинэ Британи (Канад)}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс | native_name = {{native name|en|New South Wales}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of New South Wales.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of Arms of New South Wales.svg | seal_size = 130px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн төрийн сүлд | motto = {{native name|la|Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites}}<br />({{lang-mn|Шинээр боссон, та нар ямар сайхан гялалзана вэ}}) | nickname = {{hlist|Анхны Муж|Тэргүүлэгч Муж}} | image_map = New South Wales in Australia.svg | map_caption = Австрали дахь Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн байршил<br />Солбицол: {{coord|32|S|147|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-NSW|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн колони]] | established_title2 = Үүсгэн байгуулалт | established_date2 = 1 сарын 26, 1788 он | established_title3 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date3 = 6 сарын 6, 1856 он | established_title4 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Уэльс]] | demonym = | capital = [[Сидней]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = {{coord|33|52|04|S|151|12|36|E|display=inline}} | admin_center = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|128 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Маргарет Бизли]] | leader_title3 = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Крис Миннс]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 47 суудал (151-ээс) | legislature = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн хууль тогтоох ассамблей|Хууль тогтоох ассамблей]] | judiciary = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн дээд шүүх]] | area_km2 = 809952 | area_land_km2 = 801150 | area_water_km2 = 8802 | area_rank = 5 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 2228 | elevation_max_point = [[Косцюшко уул]] | population_estimate = {{Increase}} 8,130,115<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|title=National, state and territory population – March 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=27 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 1 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 8.3 | population_density_rank = 3 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн мужу ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $624.9 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_rank = 1 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $76,876 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 4 | HDI = 0.952<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> | HDI_rank = | utc_offset_list = {{ublist|[[UTC+10:30]] ([[Лорд Хау арал]])|[[UTC+10:00]] ([[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]]) (ихэнх хэсэгт)|[[UTC+09:30]] ([[Австралийн Төв Стандарт Цаг|АТСЦ]]) ([[Брөүкен Хилл (Австрали)|Брөүкен Хилл]])}} | utc_offset_list_DST = {{ublist|[[UTC+11:00]] ([[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|АЗЗЦ]]) (ихэнх хэсэгт болон Лорд Хау арал)|[[UTC+10:30]] ([[Австралийн Төв Зуны Цаг|АТЗЦ]]) (Брөүкен Хилл)}} | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = NSW | website = {{URL|nsw.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU-NSW]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг | embedded=yes | mammal = [[Нугасан хошуут]]<br />''(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)'' | bird = [[Кукабурра]]<br />''(Dacelo gigas)'' | fish = [[Хөх гропер]]<br />''(Achoerodus viridis)'' | flower = [[Telopea speciosissima|Waratah]]<br />''(Telopea speciosissima)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/nsw.emblem.html|title=Floral Emblem of New South Wales|publisher=www.anbg.gov.auhi|access-date=23 January 2013|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226112205/http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/nsw.emblem.html|url-status=live}}</ref> | fossil = [[Mandageria|Mandageria fairfaxi]] | mineral = [[Гэрэлт чимэд]] | colour = [[Тэнгэрийн хөх]]<br />''(Pantone 291)''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/nsw.htm|title=New South Wales|work=Parliament@Work|access-date=22 January 2013|archive-date=26 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226112210/https://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/nsw.htm%20|url-status=live}}</ref> }} }} [[Зураг:Bernhard Otto Holtermann with 630lb gold from Hill End.jpg|thumbnail|1872 онд Алтны халуурлын үеэр Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн Хилл-Эндээс гаргаж авсан 285 кг алт]] '''Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс''' буюу '''Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс''' (New South Wales-'''NSW''' гэж англиар товчилдог) нь [[Австрали]]йн хамгийн эртний бөгөөд хамгийн олон хүн амтай муж. Тус улсын зүүн өмнөд хэсэг [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] мужийн хойд талд, [[Квийнслэнд]] мужийн өмнөд хэсэгт оршдог. Тус муж 1788 онд байгуулагдахдаа Австралийн эх газрын ихээхэн хэсгийг болон [[Лорд Хауи Арал]], [[Норфолк Арал|Норфолк Арлыг]] хамарч байв. Эхэн үеийн зарим захирагчид Британийн албан тушаалтнууд буруу гэдгийг нь хэлэх хүртэл тус мужид [[Шинэ Зеланд]]ыг оруулж тооцдог байв. Гэвч Британи 1840 онд Шинэ Зеландыг нэгтгэх үед богинохон хугацаанд Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн нэг хэсэг болж байсан.<ref>A.H. McLintock (ed), ''An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand', 3 vols, Wellington, NZ:R.E. Owen, Government Printer, 1966, vol 3 p.526. '</ref> XIX зууны үед томоохон нутаг дэвсгэрийг тусгаарлан [[Британи]]йн [[Тасмани]], [[Өмнөд Австрали]], Викториа, Квийнслэнд, Шинэ Зеландын колониудыг тусад нь байгуулав. Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн хамгийн том хот бөгөөд нийслэл нь [[Сидней]] юм. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist|2}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|New South Wales}} * [http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/mapproj/se.htm Australia - Map of South East Australia from Geoscience Australia] * [http://www.nsw.gov.au NSW Official State Website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160422092518/http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/ NSW Parliament] * [http://www.police.nsw.gov.au NSW Police] * [http://www.austlii.edu.au/databases.html#nsw NSW State Law] * [http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/discover_collections/history_nation/index.html NSW State Library - History of Our Nation] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090506033524/http://www.nsw.gov.au/weather.asp NSW Weather and Sydney Weather] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080213051049/http://dmoz.org/Regional/Oceania/Australia/New_South_Wales/ NSW Directory] - from the Open Directory Project {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] j6za4zk6e1jk711b27gqmjnyz55fa3o 0 9374 859904 825674 2026-06-23T17:35:06Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{about|Австралийн мужийн|Викториа нэртэй газруудыг|Викториа (салаа утга)#Газар}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Викториа | native_name = {{native name|en|Victoria}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Victoria (Australia).svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Викториагийн төрийн далбаа (Австрали) | image_seal = Coat of Arms of Victoria.svg | seal_size = 95px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Викториагийн төрийн сүлд (Австрали) | motto = Peace and Prosperity (Англи)</br>''Энх тайван ба хөгжил цэцэглэлт'' | nickname =Цэцэрлэгт муж <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria, the garden state of Australia |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-352202375 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Trove |language=en}}</ref> | image_map = Victoria in Australia.svg | map_caption = [[Австрали]] дахь Викториагийн байршил<br />{{Coord|37|S|144|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-VIC|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Викториагийн колони]] | established_title2 = Үүсгэн байгуулалт | established_date2 = 7 сарын 1, 1851 он<ref name = "RecordOffice" /> | established_title3 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date3 = 11 сарын 23, 1855 он |established_title4 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] |established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Викториа (Их Британийн хатан хаан)|Хатан хаан Викториа]] | demonym = Викториачууд | capital = [[Мельбурн]] | largest_city = capital | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Викториагийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|79 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | coordinates = | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Викториагийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Жеймс Ангус]] (үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч) | leader_title3 = [[Викториагийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Жасинта Аллан]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Викториагийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | legislature = [[Викториагийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Викториагийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Викториагийн хууль тогтоох ассамблей|Хууль тогтоох ассамблей]] | judiciary = [[Викториагийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Викториагийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 39 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 237657 | area_land_km2 = 227444 | area_water_km2 = 10213 | area_rank = 6 | area_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1986 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Bogong]] | population_estimate = 6,704,300<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release|title=National, state and territory population – December 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=15 June 2023|accessdate=19 June 2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 2 | population_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 29 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 2 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $458.895 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_type = | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $68,996 | HDI = 0.948<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2023-02-18|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]] | utc_offset = +10:00 | timezone_DST = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|АЗЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +11:00 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = VIC | website = {{URL|vic.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–VIC]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг |embedded=yes | mammal = [[Хэрмэн поссум]]<br />''(Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)'' | bird = [[Шар залаат балч]]<br />''(Lichenostomus melanops cassidix)'' | fish = [[Далайн турьхан луу]]<br />''(Phyllopteryx taeniolatus)'' | flower = [[Epacris impressa]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/vic.emblem.html|title= Floral Emblem of Victoria|publisher= anbg.gov.auhi|access-date= 26 March 2008|archive-date= 26 December 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181226130157/http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/vic.emblem.html|url-status= live}}</ref><br />''(Epacris impressa)'' | mineral = [[Gold]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/index.php/resources/victorian-symbols-emblems |title= Victorian Symbols and Emblems |work= Department of Premier and Cabinet |access-date= 11 May 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130508000438/http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/index.php/resources/victorian-symbols-emblems |archive-date= 8 May 2013 |url-status= dead}}</ref> | colour = [[Тэнгисийн хөх]] ба [[Мөнгө (өнгө)|мөнгө]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/vic.htm |title= Victoria |work= Parliament@Work |access-date= 22 January 2013 |archive-date= 26 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181226130148/https://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/vic.htm%20 |url-status= live }}</ref> }} }} [[Зураг:Doudiet Swearing allegiance to the Southern Cross.jpg|thumb|right|230px|1854 оны арванхоёрдугаар сарын 1-нд Эврика Стокэйд дээр Өмнөдийн Загалмайд тангараг өргөж байгаа нь — Чарльз Дудьетийн усан будгийн зураг]] '''Викториа''' нь [[Австрали]]йн зүүн өмнөд эрэг дээр орших муж юм. Нутаг дэвсгэрийн хэмжээгээр эх газар дахь Австралийн хамгийн жижиг муж боловч хүн ам хамгийн шигүү суурьшсан, хот ихтэй муж билээ. Цагаан арьст хүмүүс Викториад хөдөө аж ахуй эрхэлдэг хүй нэгдэл байдлаар 1830-аад оноос суурьшиж эхэлжээ. 1851 онд алтны нөөц илэрснээр Викториа үйлдвэр, арилжааны тэргүүлэх нэг төв болсон. Викториа нь хүн амын тоогоор Австралидаа [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]]ийн дараа хоёрт орох муж юм. 2007 оны зургадугаар сарын байдлаар тооцоолоход хүн ам 5,205,200 байлаа<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0/ Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2007], [[Australian Bureau of Statistics|ABS]]</ref>. [[Мельбурн]] хот нь Викториа мужийн нийслэл бөгөөд хамгийн их хүн амтай хот юм. 70 гаруй хувь нь энд оршин суудаг байна. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Victoria, Australia}} * [http://www.vic.gov.au Викториа мужийн засгийн газрын албан ёсны вэбсайт] * [http://www.visitvictoria.com Засгийн газрын албан ёсны аялал жуулчлалын вэбсайт] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070721164727/http://visionsofvictoria.com/ Туризм Викториагийн онлайн зургийн сан] {{Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Викториа (Австрали)| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] 8900i59krf7zj5mdbc3401e2hnyxh8j 859909 859904 2026-06-23T17:38:07Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{about|Австралийн мужийн|Викториа нэртэй газруудыг|Викториа (салаа утга)#Газар}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Викториа | native_name = {{native name|en|Victoria}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Victoria (Australia).svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Викториагийн төрийн далбаа (Австрали) | image_seal = Coat of Arms of Victoria.svg | seal_size = 95px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Викториагийн төрийн сүлд (Австрали) | motto = Peace and Prosperity (Англи)</br>''Энх тайван ба хөгжил цэцэглэлт'' | nickname =Цэцэрлэгт муж <ref>{{Cite web |title=Victoria, the garden state of Australia |url=https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-352202375 |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=Trove |language=en}}</ref> | image_map = Victoria in Australia.svg | map_caption = [[Австрали]] дахь Викториагийн байршил<br />{{Coord|37|S|144|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-VIC|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Викториагийн колони]] | established_title2 = Үүсгэн байгуулалт | established_date2 = 7 сарын 1, 1851 он<ref name = "RecordOffice" /> | established_title3 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date3 = 11 сарын 23, 1855 он |established_title4 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] |established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Викториа (Их Британийн хатан хаан)|Хатан хаан Викториа]] | demonym = Викториачууд | capital = [[Мельбурн]] | largest_city = capital | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Викториагийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|79 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | coordinates = | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Викториагийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Жеймс Ангус]] (үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч) | leader_title3 = [[Викториагийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Жасинта Аллан]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Викториагийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | legislature = [[Викториагийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Викториагийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Викториагийн хууль тогтоох ассамблей|Хууль тогтоох ассамблей]] | judiciary = [[Викториагийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Викториагийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 39 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 237657 | area_land_km2 = 227444 | area_water_km2 = 10213 | area_rank = 6 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1986 | elevation_max_point = [[Mount Bogong]] | population_estimate = 6,704,300<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release|title=National, state and territory population – December 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=15 June 2023|accessdate=19 June 2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 2 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 29 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 2 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $458.895 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_type = | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $68,996 | HDI = 0.948<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2023-02-18|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]] | utc_offset = +10:00 | timezone_DST = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|АЗЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +11:00 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = VIC | website = {{URL|vic.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–VIC]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг |embedded=yes | mammal = [[Хэрмэн поссум]]<br />''(Gymnobelideus leadbeateri)'' | bird = [[Шар залаат балч]]<br />''(Lichenostomus melanops cassidix)'' | fish = [[Далайн турьхан луу]]<br />''(Phyllopteryx taeniolatus)'' | flower = [[Epacris impressa]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/vic.emblem.html|title= Floral Emblem of Victoria|publisher= anbg.gov.auhi|access-date= 26 March 2008|archive-date= 26 December 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181226130157/http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/vic.emblem.html|url-status= live}}</ref><br />''(Epacris impressa)'' | mineral = [[Gold]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/index.php/resources/victorian-symbols-emblems |title= Victorian Symbols and Emblems |work= Department of Premier and Cabinet |access-date= 11 May 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130508000438/http://www.dpc.vic.gov.au/index.php/resources/victorian-symbols-emblems |archive-date= 8 May 2013 |url-status= dead}}</ref> | colour = [[Тэнгисийн хөх]] ба [[Мөнгө (өнгө)|мөнгө]]<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/vic.htm |title= Victoria |work= Parliament@Work |access-date= 22 January 2013 |archive-date= 26 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181226130148/https://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/vic.htm%20 |url-status= live }}</ref> }} }} [[Зураг:Doudiet Swearing allegiance to the Southern Cross.jpg|thumb|right|230px|1854 оны арванхоёрдугаар сарын 1-нд Эврика Стокэйд дээр Өмнөдийн Загалмайд тангараг өргөж байгаа нь — Чарльз Дудьетийн усан будгийн зураг]] '''Викториа''' нь [[Австрали]]йн зүүн өмнөд эрэг дээр орших муж юм. Нутаг дэвсгэрийн хэмжээгээр эх газар дахь Австралийн хамгийн жижиг муж боловч хүн ам хамгийн шигүү суурьшсан, хот ихтэй муж билээ. Цагаан арьст хүмүүс Викториад хөдөө аж ахуй эрхэлдэг хүй нэгдэл байдлаар 1830-аад оноос суурьшиж эхэлжээ. 1851 онд алтны нөөц илэрснээр Викториа үйлдвэр, арилжааны тэргүүлэх нэг төв болсон. Викториа нь хүн амын тоогоор Австралидаа [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]]ийн дараа хоёрт орох муж юм. 2007 оны зургадугаар сарын байдлаар тооцоолоход хүн ам 5,205,200 байлаа<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0/ Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2007], [[Australian Bureau of Statistics|ABS]]</ref>. [[Мельбурн]] хот нь Викториа мужийн нийслэл бөгөөд хамгийн их хүн амтай хот юм. 70 гаруй хувь нь энд оршин суудаг байна. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Victoria, Australia}} * [http://www.vic.gov.au Викториа мужийн засгийн газрын албан ёсны вэбсайт] * [http://www.visitvictoria.com Засгийн газрын албан ёсны аялал жуулчлалын вэбсайт] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070721164727/http://visionsofvictoria.com/ Туризм Викториагийн онлайн зургийн сан] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Викториа (Австрали)| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] jjrjjme11eu110nfgiign05ztmjk4vu 0 9393 859910 831799 2026-06-23T17:38:28Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр | native_name = {{native name|en|Australian Capital Territory}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of Arms of the Australian Capital Territory.svg | seal_size = 100px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн төрийн сүлд | motto = For the King, the Law, and the People (Англи)</br>''Хаан, хууль ёс, ард түмний төлөө'' | nickname = {{hlist|Үндэсний Нийслэл|Буш нийслэл}} | image_map = Australian Capital Territory in Australia.svg | map_caption = [[Австрали]] дахь АННД-ийн байршил<br />{{Coord|35|18|29|S|149|07|28|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Хамтын нөхөрлөлд шилжүүлсэн | established_date = 1 сарын 1, 1911 он | established_title2 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date2 = 1988 | largest_city = [[Канберра]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр тэргүүн сайд|Тэргүүн Сайд]] | leader_name1 = [[Эндрю Барр]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | legislature = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр хууль тогтоох ассамблей|Хууль тогтоох ассамблей]] | judiciary = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн сенаторын жагсаалт|2 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 3 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 2358 | area_land_km2 = 2358 | area_water_km2 = 0 | area_rank = 8 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1912 | elevation_max_point = [[Бимбэрийн оргил]] | elevation_min_m = 429 | elevation_min_point = [[Маррамбижи гол]] | population_estimate = 455,869<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|title=National, state and territory population – March 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=27 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 7 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 190 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 1 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $40.902 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_type = | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $95,965 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 3 | HDI = 0.980<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web |url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/ |title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab |website=hdi.globaldatalab.org |language=en |access-date=2022-01-24}}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]] | utc_offset = +10:00 | timezone_DST = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|АЗЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +11:00 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = ACT | website = {{URL|act.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–ACT]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг | embedded = Yes | mammal = [[Сойз сүүлт хадны имж]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cmtedd.act.gov.au/communication/flags |title=ACT Flags and Emblems |website=Chief Minister, Treasury and Economic Development Directorate |date=20 September 2019 |access-date=6 November 2019 |archive-date=9 Арван нэгдүгээр сар 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109030011/https://www.cmtedd.act.gov.au/communication/flags |url-status=dead }}</ref> | bird = [[Австралийн саарал тоть]]<ref name="cockatoo"> {{cite web |title=Australian Capital Territory |url=http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/act.php3#symbol |access-date=27 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070305082719/http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/act.php3#symbol |archive-date=5 March 2007 |url-status=dead |df=dmy}}</ref> | flower = [[Хаан хонхон цэцэг]]<ref name="bluebell"> {{cite web |url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/act.emblem.html |title=Floral Emblem of the ACT |access-date=27 May 2007 |author=Boden, Anne |date=23 May 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070601054959/http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/act.emblem.html |archive-date=1 June 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref> | colour = Хөх, алтлаг шар<ref>{{cite web |author=Time to Talk Canberra |url=http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/flags |title=ACT Flags and Emblems |publisher=CMD.act.gov.au |access-date=17 July 2016 |archive-date=28 Аравдугаар сар 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028030719/http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/communication/flags |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} }} '''Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр''' (АННД) нь [[Австрали|Австралийн Хамтын Нөхөрлөлийн]] нийслэлийн нутаг дэвсгэр бөгөөд өөртөө захирах эрх бүхий нутаг дэвсгэрүүд дундаа хамгийн жижиг нь юм. [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]] муж улсын дотор, ойт хээрд оршдог засаг захиргааны нэгж болно. XIX зууны сүүлээр Австралийн Холбооны хуралдаанууд хийгдэж байх үеэр АННД-ийг шинэ үндэсний нийслэлийн саармаг байршил байна гэж тогтжээ. Австралийн Үндсэн хуулийн 125-р хэсэгт 1901 онд Холбоо байгуулагдсаны дараа тус газар нутгийг шинэ тулгар Холбооны засгийн газарт үнэ төлбөргүй шилжүүлж өгөхөөр заасан. 1911 онд Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс тус нутаг дэвсгэрийг Хамтын Нөхөрлөлд шилжүүлснээр, 1913 онд нийслэл хот [[Канберра]]гийн бүтээн байгуулалтын ажил эхэлжээ. Австралийн бэлэг тэмдэг ургамал нь Хаан хонхон цэцэг бол амьтан нь Австралийн саарал тоть юм.<ref name="bluebell"> {{cite web |url = http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/act.emblem.html |title = Floral Emblem of the ACT |accessdate = 2007-05-27 |author = Boden, Anne |date = 2007-05-23}}</ref><ref name="cockatoo"> {{Cite web |title = Australian Capital Territory |url = http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/act.php3#symbol |accessdate = 2007-05-27}}</ref> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Australian Capital Territory|Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр}} == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Анклав]] 13r37p9n2b44ie7zca9x6bpsdgscdil 0 9394 859911 765162 2026-06-23T17:38:52Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Австралийн нутаг дэвсгэр}} {{for|Адилхан утгын|Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр (салаа утга)}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр | native_name = {{native name|en|Northern Territory}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of the Northern Territory.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Northern_Territory_Coat_of_Arms.svg | seal_size = 130px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн төрийн сүлд | motto = | nickname = {{hlist|Нутаг дэвсгэр|Дэ Ти|Дээд хязгаар}} | image_map = Northern Territory in Australia.svg | map_caption = Австрали дахь Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн байршил<br />Coordinates: {{coord|20|S|133|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс үүсгэн байгуулав | established_date = 1825 | established_title2 = Өмнөд Австралид шилжүүлэв | established_date2 = 1863 | established_title3 = Хамтын нөхөрлөлд шилжүүлэв | established_date3 = 1911 | established_title4 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date4 = 7 сарын 1, 1978 он | demonym = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийнхэн, Нутаг Дэвсгэрийнхэн | capital = [[Дарвин хот|Дарвин]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = {{coord|12|26|17|S|130|50|28|E|display=inline}} | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|17 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | leader_title1 = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн захирагч|Захирагч]] | leader_name1 = [[Хью Хэгги]] | leader_title2 = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн тэргүүн сайд|Тэргүүн сайд]] | leader_name2 = [[Наташа Файлс]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | legislature = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн Парламент]] | judiciary = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн сенаторын жагсаалт (Австрали)|2 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 2 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 1419630 | area_land_km2 = 1347791 | area_water_km2 = 71839 | area_rank = 3 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1531 | elevation_max_point = [[Зейл уул]] | population_estimate = 249,345<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/dec-2021|title=National, state and territory population – December 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=28 June 2022|accessdate=1 July 2022|archive-date=29 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629022248/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/dec-2021|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 8 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2021 | population_density_km2 = 0.18 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 8 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $26.153 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_rank_link = | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $106,851 | HDI = 0.940<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2023-02-18}}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Төв Стандарт Цаг|АТСЦ]] | utc_offset = +09:30 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = NT | website = {{URL|nt.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–NT]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг| embedded=Yes | mammal = [[Улаан имж]]<br /><small>(''Macropus rufus'')</small> | bird = [[Шаантаг сүүлт бүргэд]]<br /><small>(''Aquila audax'')</small> | flower = [[Стөртийн цөлийн сарнай]]<br /><small>(''Gossypium sturtianum'')</small><ref name=floral-emblem>{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/nt.emblem.html|title=Floral Emblem of the Northern Territory|website=Anbg.gov.auhi|access-date=26 March 2008}}</ref> | colour = Хар, цагаан, зосон улаан<ref name=emblems>{{cite web|url=http://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/nt.htm|title=Northern Territory|website=Parliament.curriculum.edu.au|access-date=22 January 2013|archive-date=25 Арван хоёрдугаар сар 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225195727/https://www.parliament.curriculum.edu.au/nt.htm%20|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} }} '''Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр''' ([[Англи хэл|англи]], Northern Territory) нь эх газрын төв хэсгийн ихэнхи хувь болон төв хойд бүсийг эзлэн оршдог [[Австрали]]йн холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр. Баруун талаараа [[Баруун Австрали]], өмнө талаараа [[Өмнөд Австрали]], зүүн талаараа [[Квийнслэнд]]тэй тус тус хиллэдэг. Хойд талаараа [[Тиморын тэнгис]], [[Арафурын тэнгис]], [[Карпентариагийн булан]]гаар хүрээлэгдсэн. Нутаг дэвсгэр уужим, 1,349,129 км² буюу Австралийн муж улсууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд дундаа гуравт ордог боловч хүн ам маш сийрэг суурьшсан. 218,380<ref>Northern Territory ABS statistics, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0/</ref> тус нутаг дэвсгэр улсдаа хамгийн цөөн хүн амтай засаг захиргааны нэгж болно. Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн түүх дөчин мянга гаруй жилийн тэртээ уугуул австраличууд тус бүс нутагт суурьшсанаас эхтэй. Ямар ч байсан XVIII зуунаас хойш Макассарын худалдаачид Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн уугуул иргэдтэй худалдаа наймаа хийж тэднээс далайн өргөст хэмх худалдан авдаг байжээ. Түүнээс өмнө 300 жилийн турш ийнхүү худалдаа хийсэн байж магадлал ихтэй юм. XVII зуунд Европчууд тус нутаг дэвсгэрийн эргийг анх удаа олж харсан. Британичууд XIX зуунд эрэг хавийн бүс нутагт суурьшихыг анх удаа оролдсон боловч дөнгөж 1869 онд л [[Дарвин (Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр)|Дарвин боомтод]] амжилттай суурьшжээ. Өдгөө тус нутаг дэвсгэрийн эдийн засаг аялал жуулчлал дээр тулгуурласан. Ялангуяа Какаду үндэсний парк, Улуру-Ката Тжута үндэсний паркад аялал жуулчлал их хөгжсөн. Түүнчлэн уул уурхайн салбар эдийн засгийн нэг гол ноён нуруу нь болдог. Нийслэл нь [[Дарвин (Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр)|Дарвин]] хот. Хүн ам нь эрэг хавийн бүс нутгаар төвлөрөөгүй харин Стюартын зам дагуу төвлөрсөн ажээ. == Тайлбар == {{reflist}} == Лавлах материал == * Hill, Ernestine. 1951. ''The Territory: The classic saga of Australia's far north''. Angus & Robertson. Reprint: 1995. ISBN 0-207-18821-1 * Govan, A. (2007) Broadband debate key to NT's future. N.T. Business Review, vol. N/A, no. N/A, p.7 * Morrison, P. (2000) a pilot implementation of internet access for remote aboriginal communities in the "Top end" Of Australia. Urban Studies, Vol. 37, No.10, pp. 1781-1792. * Toyne, P. (2002) Northern Territory Governments Response to the House of Representatives Communications, Information Technology & the Arts Committee inquiry into Wireless Broadband Communications. In N.T. GOVERNMENT (Ed.) (pp. 3). Darwin: Northern Territory Government. * Toyne, P. (2003) Remote Areas Telecommunications Strategy 2003-2008. In N. T. GOVERNMENT (Ed.) (pp.1- 32). Darwin N.T. viewed 6 February 2008, <https://web.archive.org/web/20080227052306/http://www.nt.gov.au/dcis/it/docs/ntg_remote_telec_strat.pdf> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Northern Territory}} * [http://www.nt.gov.au/ Northern Territory Government of Australia] * [http://www.travelnt.com/ Northern Territory Visitor's Guide] * {{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/DetailsPage/1304.72007?OpenDocument |title=Northern Territory at a Glance, 2007 |last=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=April 27, 2007|format=PDF 855 kB}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080920141600/http://www.nit.com.au/breakingNews/story.aspx?id=12229 Northern Territory National Emergency Response Bill 2007] * [http://www.stopabuse.nt.gov.au/updates/today.shtml Intervention Program in Indigenous communities and town camps]{{Dead link|date=Есдүгээр сар 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.bom.gov.au/ Northern Territory Climate] * [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-43512/ Northern-Territory Northern Territory Climate] * [http://www.nt.gov.au/dpifm/Minerals_Energy/index.cfm?header=About%20Minerals%20and%20Energy/ Northern Territory economy/mining] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080823173156/http://www.deet.nt.gov.au/education/ Northern Territory Education] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080227052309/http://www.deet.nt.gov.au/corporate/annual_report/2006-2007/docs/deet_annual_report_2006_07.pdf Report on NT Education] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070831063036/http://www.cdu.edu.au/visiting/abouthistory.html Northern Territory Universities] * [http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0?OpenDocument Northern Territory Population estimates June 2007] * [http://www.ausstats.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/0/26E2ADC6E07B7A12CA2573A6001351D2/$File/31010_jun%202007.pdf June 2007 NT population estimates] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр| ]] gw80b6k91or6u9pc0pr5x42o0t227hw 0 9395 859902 856829 2026-06-23T17:34:42Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{Энэ гарчиг}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Квийнслэнд | native_name = {{native name|en|Queensland}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Queensland.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Квийнслэндийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of Arms of Queensland.svg | seal_size = 110px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Квийнслэндийн төрийн сүлд | motto = {{native name|la|Audax at Fidelis}}<br/ >({{lang-mn|Зоригтой бөгөөд үнэнч}}) | nickname = Нарлаг муж | image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg | map_caption = [[Австрали]] дахь Квийнслэндийн байршил | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Квийнслэндийн колони]] | established_title2 = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсээс тусгаарлав | established_date2 = 6 сарын 6, 1859 он | established_title3 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Викториа (Их Британийн хатан хаан)|Хатан хаан Викториа]] | demonym = {{hlist|Квийнслэндчүүд|Банана Бендер (ярианы)<ref>{{cite web|date=16 May 2013|title=Slang: What Aussies call other Aussies|url=https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2013/05/slang-what-aussies-call-other-aussies/|access-date=9 November 2021|website=Australian Geographic|language=en-AU|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109101834/https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2013/05/slang-what-aussies-call-other-aussies/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | capital = [[Брисбэн]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|77 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Квийнслэндийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Жаннет Янг]] | leader_title3 = [[Квийнслэндийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Анастейша Палащук]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Квийнслэндийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | legislature = [[Квийнслэндийн Парламент]] | judiciary = [[Квийнслэндийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Квийнслэндийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 30 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 1851736 | area_land_km2 = 1729742 | area_water_km2 = 121994 | area_rank = 2 | area_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1622 | elevation_max_point = [[Бартл Фрийр уул]] | population_estimate = 5,354,800<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release|title=National, state and territory population – September 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=16 March 2023|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 3 | population_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 2.8 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 5 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $363.524 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $70,862 | HDI = 0.944<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]] | utc_offset = +10:00 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = QLD | website = {{URL|qld.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–QLD]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг| embedded=yes | mammal = [[Коала]] <small>(''Phascolarctos cinereus'')</small> | bird = [[Австрали тогоруу]] <small>(''Grus rubicunda'')</small> | fish = [[Их шүрэн хаалтны алиалагч загас]] <br> <small>(''Amphiprion akindynos'')</small> | flower = [[Vappodes phalaenopsis|Куктауны цахирмаа]] <br> <small>(''Dendrobium phalaenopsis'')</small><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/qld.emblem.html |title=Floral Emblem of Queensland |publisher=[[Australian National Botanic Gardens]] |access-date=23 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308010937/https://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/qld.emblem.html |archive-date=8 March 2012}}</ref> | mineral = [[Индранил]] | colour = [[Элгэн хүрэн]] }} }} '''Квийнслэнд''' нь тус тивийн зүүн хойд буланг эзлэн оршдог [[Австрали]]йн нэгэн муж улс юм. Баруун талаараа [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]], баруун өмнөд талаараа [[Өмнөд Австрали]], өмнөд талаараа [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]]тэй мужуудтай тус тус хиллэдэг. Зүүн талаараа [[Шүрэн тэнгис]], [[Номхон Далай]]гаар хүрээлэгдэнэ. Квийнслэнд нь нутаг дэвсгэрээр Австралидаа [[Баруун Австрали]]йн дараа хоёрт ордог, хүн амаараа Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс, [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториагийн]] дараа гуравт ордог муж улс болно. Тус муж улсын нутаг дэвсгэрийг анх 40,000-65,000 жилийн өмнө ирцгээсэн уугуул австраличууд болон Торрес булангийн арлынхан колоничилсныг хугацаа тогтоох янз бүрийн аргаар тогтоосон болно.<ref>[http://www.dreamtime.net.au/indigenous/timeline.cfm Dreaming Online: Indigenous Australian Timeline]</ref> Сүүлд 1859 оны зургадугаар сарын 6-нд Квийнслэндийг Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсээс тасдан авч [[Нэгдсэн Вант Улс|Британийн]] титмийн колони болгосныг өдгөө Квийнслэндийн өдөр болгон жил бүр тэмдэглэдэг. Өнөөдөр [[Брисбэн]] хот байгаа нутгийг анх [[Моретон булан]]гийн хорих анги болгон ашиглаж байсан бөгөөд Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсэд ялаа эдэлж байх хугацаандаа дахин гэмт хэрэг үйлдсэн рецидив гэмт хэрэгтнүүдийг энд хорьж байсан. Тус муж улс сүүлд нүүдэллэн ирэгсдийг хөхиүлэн дэмждэг бодлого явуулах болсон бөгөөд өнөөдөр Квийнслэндийн эдийн засагт хөдөө аж ахуй, аялал жуулчлал, байгалийн баялгийн салбар давамгайлдаг. Хүн ам нь Зүүн Өмнөд Квийнслэндэд төвлөрөн суудаг бөгөөд тэр бүс нутагт нийслэл [[Брисбэн]], Лөүгэн, Ипсвич, Түүвүүмба хотоос гадна, Гөүлд Көүст, Саншайн Көүст эрэг байдаг. Квийнслэнд дулаан уур амьсгалтай, ихээхэн хэсэг нь тропикийн бүсэд багтдаг тул нарлаг муж улс гэж хочилдог. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Queensland|Квийнслэнд}} {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.qld.gov.au Government of Queensland] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171008054330/http://www.workliveplay.qld.gov.au/ Queensland Government skilled and business migration site] * [http://www.govhouse.qld.gov.au/ Governor of Queensland] * [https://web.archive.org/web/19970712074342/http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/ Parliament of Queensland] * [http://www.thepremier.qld.gov.au/ Premier of Queensland] * [http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au Official State Tourism Organisation] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061010125841/http://www.qag.qld.gov.au/qag_index.html Queensland Art Gallery] * [http://www.translink.com.au Translink - Public Transport in Queensland- Bus Train Ferry] * [http://www.archives.qld.gov.au/ Queensland State Archives] {{Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Квийнслэнд| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] ed3tocdad9jzn1aingr7dviijcmqsur 859912 859902 2026-06-23T17:39:12Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{Энэ гарчиг}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Квийнслэнд | native_name = {{native name|en|Queensland}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Queensland.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Квийнслэндийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of Arms of Queensland.svg | seal_size = 110px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Квийнслэндийн төрийн сүлд | motto = {{native name|la|Audax at Fidelis}}<br/ >({{lang-mn|Зоригтой бөгөөд үнэнч}}) | nickname = Нарлаг муж | image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg | map_caption = [[Австрали]] дахь Квийнслэндийн байршил | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Квийнслэндийн колони]] | established_title2 = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсээс тусгаарлав | established_date2 = 6 сарын 6, 1859 он | established_title3 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Викториа (Их Британийн хатан хаан)|Хатан хаан Викториа]] | demonym = {{hlist|Квийнслэндчүүд|Банана Бендер (ярианы)<ref>{{cite web|date=16 May 2013|title=Slang: What Aussies call other Aussies|url=https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2013/05/slang-what-aussies-call-other-aussies/|access-date=9 November 2021|website=Australian Geographic|language=en-AU|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109101834/https://www.australiangeographic.com.au/topics/history-culture/2013/05/slang-what-aussies-call-other-aussies/|url-status=live}}</ref>}} | capital = [[Брисбэн]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|77 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Квийнслэндийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Жаннет Янг]] | leader_title3 = [[Квийнслэндийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Анастейша Палащук]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Квийнслэндийн салбар)|АЛН]]) | legislature = [[Квийнслэндийн Парламент]] | judiciary = [[Квийнслэндийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Квийнслэндийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 30 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 1851736 | area_land_km2 = 1729742 | area_water_km2 = 121994 | area_rank = 2 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1622 | elevation_max_point = [[Бартл Фрийр уул]] | population_estimate = 5,354,800<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/latest-release|title=National, state and territory population – September 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=16 March 2023|accessdate=16 March 2023}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 3 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 2.8 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 5 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $363.524 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $70,862 | HDI = 0.944<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|url-status=live}}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]] | utc_offset = +10:00 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = QLD | website = {{URL|qld.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–QLD]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг| embedded=yes | mammal = [[Коала]] <small>(''Phascolarctos cinereus'')</small> | bird = [[Австрали тогоруу]] <small>(''Grus rubicunda'')</small> | fish = [[Их шүрэн хаалтны алиалагч загас]] <br> <small>(''Amphiprion akindynos'')</small> | flower = [[Vappodes phalaenopsis|Куктауны цахирмаа]] <br> <small>(''Dendrobium phalaenopsis'')</small><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/qld.emblem.html |title=Floral Emblem of Queensland |publisher=[[Australian National Botanic Gardens]] |access-date=23 January 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120308010937/https://www.anbg.gov.au/emblems/qld.emblem.html |archive-date=8 March 2012}}</ref> | mineral = [[Индранил]] | colour = [[Элгэн хүрэн]] }} }} '''Квийнслэнд''' нь тус тивийн зүүн хойд буланг эзлэн оршдог [[Австрали]]йн нэгэн муж улс юм. Баруун талаараа [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]], баруун өмнөд талаараа [[Өмнөд Австрали]], өмнөд талаараа [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]]тэй мужуудтай тус тус хиллэдэг. Зүүн талаараа [[Шүрэн тэнгис]], [[Номхон Далай]]гаар хүрээлэгдэнэ. Квийнслэнд нь нутаг дэвсгэрээр Австралидаа [[Баруун Австрали]]йн дараа хоёрт ордог, хүн амаараа Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс, [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториагийн]] дараа гуравт ордог муж улс болно. Тус муж улсын нутаг дэвсгэрийг анх 40,000-65,000 жилийн өмнө ирцгээсэн уугуул австраличууд болон Торрес булангийн арлынхан колоничилсныг хугацаа тогтоох янз бүрийн аргаар тогтоосон болно.<ref>[http://www.dreamtime.net.au/indigenous/timeline.cfm Dreaming Online: Indigenous Australian Timeline]</ref> Сүүлд 1859 оны зургадугаар сарын 6-нд Квийнслэндийг Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсээс тасдан авч [[Нэгдсэн Вант Улс|Британийн]] титмийн колони болгосныг өдгөө Квийнслэндийн өдөр болгон жил бүр тэмдэглэдэг. Өнөөдөр [[Брисбэн]] хот байгаа нутгийг анх [[Моретон булан]]гийн хорих анги болгон ашиглаж байсан бөгөөд Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсэд ялаа эдэлж байх хугацаандаа дахин гэмт хэрэг үйлдсэн рецидив гэмт хэрэгтнүүдийг энд хорьж байсан. Тус муж улс сүүлд нүүдэллэн ирэгсдийг хөхиүлэн дэмждэг бодлого явуулах болсон бөгөөд өнөөдөр Квийнслэндийн эдийн засагт хөдөө аж ахуй, аялал жуулчлал, байгалийн баялгийн салбар давамгайлдаг. Хүн ам нь Зүүн Өмнөд Квийнслэндэд төвлөрөн суудаг бөгөөд тэр бүс нутагт нийслэл [[Брисбэн]], Лөүгэн, Ипсвич, Түүвүүмба хотоос гадна, Гөүлд Көүст, Саншайн Көүст эрэг байдаг. Квийнслэнд дулаан уур амьсгалтай, ихээхэн хэсэг нь тропикийн бүсэд багтдаг тул нарлаг муж улс гэж хочилдог. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Queensland|Квийнслэнд}} {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.qld.gov.au Government of Queensland] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171008054330/http://www.workliveplay.qld.gov.au/ Queensland Government skilled and business migration site] * [http://www.govhouse.qld.gov.au/ Governor of Queensland] * [https://web.archive.org/web/19970712074342/http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/ Parliament of Queensland] * [http://www.thepremier.qld.gov.au/ Premier of Queensland] * [http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au Official State Tourism Organisation] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061010125841/http://www.qag.qld.gov.au/qag_index.html Queensland Art Gallery] * [http://www.translink.com.au Translink - Public Transport in Queensland- Bus Train Ferry] * [http://www.archives.qld.gov.au/ Queensland State Archives] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Квийнслэнд| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] mkcbb7v07iwz42tgf93gllu5d8ks7n4 0 9396 859905 744930 2026-06-23T17:35:11Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Австралийн муж}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Өмнөд Австрали | native_name = {{native name|en|South Australia}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of South Australia.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Өмнөд Австралийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = South Australian Coat of Arms.svg | seal_size = 100px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Өмнөд Австралийн төрийн сүлд | motto = | nickname = {{hlist|Баяр Наадмын муж|Дарсны муж}} | image_map = South Australia in Australia.svg | map_caption = [[Австрали]] дахь Өмнөд Австралийн байршил<br />{{coord|30|S|135|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-SA|display=inline,titles do fd}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Өмнөд Австралийн Британийн колоничлол|Өмнөд Австрали аймаг]] | established_title2 = [[1834 оны Өмнөд Австралийн тухай хууль|Суурьшил]] | established_date2 = 8 сарын 15, 1834 он | established_title3 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн мужийг байгуулсан захидал патент|Аймгийг тунхагласан]] | established_date3 = 2 сарын 19, 1836 он | established_title4 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date4 = 4 сарын 22, 1857 он | established_title5 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date5 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | demonym = {{hlist|[[Өмнөд Австраличууд]]|Өмнөд Оззи}} | capital = [[Аделаид]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|74 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Фрэнсис Адамсон]] | leader_title3 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Питер Малинаускас]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Өмнөд Австралийн салбар)|Лэйбор]]) | legislature = [[Өмнөд Австралийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Өмнөд Австралийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Өмнөд Австралийн ассамблейн танхим|Ассамблейн Танхим]] | judiciary = [[Өмнөд Австралийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 10 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 1044353 | area_land_km2 = 984321 | area_water_km2 = 60032 | area_rank = 4 | area_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1435 | elevation_max_point = [[Вүүдрофф уул]] | elevation_min_m = -16 | elevation_min_point = [[Эйр нуур]] | population_estimate = 1,815,485<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|title=National, state and territory population – March 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=27 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 5 | population_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 1.7 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 6 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $108.334 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $61,582 | HDI = 0.939<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/AUS/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2021|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref> | utc_offset_list = {{ublist|[[UTC+09:30]] ([[Австралийн Төв Стандарт Цаг|АТСЦ]])|[[UTC+08:45]] ([[Хилийн тосгон]]; зуны цаг хэрэглэдэггүй)}} | timezone_DST = [[Австралийн Төв Зуны Цаг|АТЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +10:30 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = SA | website = {{URL|sa.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–SA]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг| embedded=Yes | mammal = [[Вомбат]]<br />''(Lasiorhinus latifrons'') | bird = [[Цагаан нуруут шаазгай]] | fish = [[Навчин далайн луу]]<br />(''Phycodurus eques'') | insect = <!-- or | butterfly = --> | flower = [[Стөртийн цөлийн вандуй]]<br />(''Swainsona formosa'') | fossil = ''[[Сприггина]]'' | mineral = [[Борнит]], [[Гэрэлт чимэд]] | colour = Улаан, хөх, алтан шар }} }} '''Өмнөд Австрали''' нь [[Австрали]]йн төв өмнөд хэсэгт орших муж улс. Тус муж улсад Австрали тивийн хамгийн хуурай хэсгүүд багтдаг бөгөөд нийт 983,482 км² нутаг дэвсгэрээр Австралийн зургаан муж улс, хоёр нутаг дэвсгэр дундаа дөрөвт ордог. Баруун талаараа [[Баруун Австрали]], хойд талаараа [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] ба [[Квийнслэнд]], зүүн талаараа Квийнслэнд, [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]], [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] муж улсуудтай хиллэдэг, өмнөд талаараа [[Австралийн Их Булан]] болон [[Өмнөд Далай]]гаар хүрээлэгддэг.<ref name="SouthernOcean">Ихэнх австраличууд тус тивээс өмнө зүгт орших усыг Олон улсын ус зүйн байгууллагаас албан ёсоор тодорхойлсны дагуу [[Энэтхэгийн Далай]] гэдэггүй харин Өмнөд Далай гэдэг. 2000 онд Олон улсын ус зүйн байгууллагын гишүүн улсууд "Өмнөд Далай" гэдэг нэр томъёо нь зөвхөн Антарктид болон өмнөд өргөргийн 60 градусын хооронд орших усанд хамаарна гэж санал өгсөн.</ref> 1.6 сая орчим хүн амтай тус муж улсад Австралийн нийт хүн амын 10 хүрэхгүй хувь нь оршин суудаг бөгөөд хүн амаар муж улс, нутаг дэвсгэрүүд дундаа тавд ордог. Хүн амын ихэнхи нь муж улсын нийслэл [[Аделаид]]ад оршин суудаг ба үлдсэн хүн амын ихэнхи нь зүүн өмнөд эрэг, [[Мөррэй гол]]ын дагуу үржил шимтэй нутгуудаар суурьшсан. Муж улсын гарал үүсэл нь ялтнуудаас бус, Британийн төлөвлөж суурьшуулсан чөлөөт суурьшигчдаас эхтэй тул Австралидаа өвөрмөцөд тооцогдоно. 1836 оны арванхоёрдугаар сарын 28-нд Захирагч Жон Хиндмарш Өүлд Гам Трий дээр тус муж улсыг байгуулагдсаныг тунхагласнаар иргэд албан ёсоор суурьшиж эхэлсэн гэдэг. Хамгийн түрүүнд 1836 онд Кэнгэрүү арал дээр Кингскөүт хотыг байгуулжээ. Энэхүү суурьших бодлогыг чиглүүлэгч зарчим нь Эдвард Гиббон Вэйкфийлдийн гаргасан ''системтэй колоничлох'' онол байсан бөгөөд энэ онолыг сүүлд Шинэ Зеландын Компани ашигласан билээ. Үүний зорилго нь иргэний эрх чөлөө, шашны хүлцлийг амлан, тус мужийг чөлөөт цагаачдад зориулсан соёл иргэншлийн төв болгон байгуулахад оршиж байлаа. Тус муж улсын түүхэнд эдийн засгийн хүндрэл бэрхшээл гарч байсан ч гэсэн улс төрийн хувьд шинэлэг, соёлын хувьд оргилж буцалсан хэвээр үлдсэн юм. Өнөөдөр тус муж улсыг баяр наадам, сайхан дарсны муж улс гэлцдэг билээ. Муж улсын эдийн засаг нь хөдөө аж ахуй, үйлдвэрлэл, уул уурхайн салбаруудад төвлөрдөг бөгөөд санхүүгийн салбар хурдацтай хөгжиж байгаа юм. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} * Dorothy Jauncey, Bardi Grubs and Frog Cakes — South Australian Words, Oxford University Press (2004) ISBN 0-19-551770-9 == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|South Australia}} * [http://www.sacentral.sa.gov.au/ South Australia Central] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060923113955/http://www.premcab.sa.gov.au/emblems/ Official Insignia And Emblems Page] * [http://www.southaustralia.com South Australian Tourism Commission - Travel Guides, Accommodation, Tours, Online Booking, Maps etc] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081001224504/http://www.climatechange.sa.gov.au/PDFs/FINAL_TACKLING_CLIMATE_CHANGE_STRATEGY_MAY_2007/TACKLING_CLIMATE_CHANGE_STRATEGY.pdf South Australia's Climate Change Strategy (2007)] * [http://saculture.com/ The Encyclopædia of South Australian Culture] Locals reflect on South Australian culture. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011007103642/http://www.chariot.net.au/~littoral/index.htm Ground Truth - towards an Environmental History of South Australia] Community resources {{Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Өмнөд Австрали| ]] rja9xhsxnagaz5uymge6p1ps9bri3us 859913 859905 2026-06-23T17:39:31Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Австралийн муж}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Өмнөд Австрали | native_name = {{native name|en|South Australia}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of South Australia.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Өмнөд Австралийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = South Australian Coat of Arms.svg | seal_size = 100px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Өмнөд Австралийн төрийн сүлд | motto = | nickname = {{hlist|Баяр Наадмын муж|Дарсны муж}} | image_map = South Australia in Australia.svg | map_caption = [[Австрали]] дахь Өмнөд Австралийн байршил<br />{{coord|30|S|135|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-SA|display=inline,titles do fd}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Өмнөд Австралийн Британийн колоничлол|Өмнөд Австрали аймаг]] | established_title2 = [[1834 оны Өмнөд Австралийн тухай хууль|Суурьшил]] | established_date2 = 8 сарын 15, 1834 он | established_title3 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн мужийг байгуулсан захидал патент|Аймгийг тунхагласан]] | established_date3 = 2 сарын 19, 1836 он | established_title4 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date4 = 4 сарын 22, 1857 он | established_title5 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date5 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | demonym = {{hlist|[[Өмнөд Австраличууд]]|Өмнөд Оззи}} | capital = [[Аделаид]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|74 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Фрэнсис Адамсон]] | leader_title3 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Питер Малинаускас]] ([[Австралийн Лэйбор Нам (Өмнөд Австралийн салбар)|Лэйбор]]) | legislature = [[Өмнөд Австралийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Өмнөд Австралийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Өмнөд Австралийн ассамблейн танхим|Ассамблейн Танхим]] | judiciary = [[Өмнөд Австралийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 10 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 1044353 | area_land_km2 = 984321 | area_water_km2 = 60032 | area_rank = 4 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1435 | elevation_max_point = [[Вүүдрофф уул]] | elevation_min_m = -16 | elevation_min_point = [[Эйр нуур]] | population_estimate = 1,815,485<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|title=National, state and territory population – March 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=27 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 5 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 1.7 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 6 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $108.334 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $61,582 | HDI = 0.939<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/AUS/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0&years=2021|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref> | utc_offset_list = {{ublist|[[UTC+09:30]] ([[Австралийн Төв Стандарт Цаг|АТСЦ]])|[[UTC+08:45]] ([[Хилийн тосгон]]; зуны цаг хэрэглэдэггүй)}} | timezone_DST = [[Австралийн Төв Зуны Цаг|АТЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +10:30 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = SA | website = {{URL|sa.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–SA]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг| embedded=Yes | mammal = [[Вомбат]]<br />''(Lasiorhinus latifrons'') | bird = [[Цагаан нуруут шаазгай]] | fish = [[Навчин далайн луу]]<br />(''Phycodurus eques'') | insect = <!-- or | butterfly = --> | flower = [[Стөртийн цөлийн вандуй]]<br />(''Swainsona formosa'') | fossil = ''[[Сприггина]]'' | mineral = [[Борнит]], [[Гэрэлт чимэд]] | colour = Улаан, хөх, алтан шар }} }} '''Өмнөд Австрали''' нь [[Австрали]]йн төв өмнөд хэсэгт орших муж улс. Тус муж улсад Австрали тивийн хамгийн хуурай хэсгүүд багтдаг бөгөөд нийт 983,482 км² нутаг дэвсгэрээр Австралийн зургаан муж улс, хоёр нутаг дэвсгэр дундаа дөрөвт ордог. Баруун талаараа [[Баруун Австрали]], хойд талаараа [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] ба [[Квийнслэнд]], зүүн талаараа Квийнслэнд, [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]], [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] муж улсуудтай хиллэдэг, өмнөд талаараа [[Австралийн Их Булан]] болон [[Өмнөд Далай]]гаар хүрээлэгддэг.<ref name="SouthernOcean">Ихэнх австраличууд тус тивээс өмнө зүгт орших усыг Олон улсын ус зүйн байгууллагаас албан ёсоор тодорхойлсны дагуу [[Энэтхэгийн Далай]] гэдэггүй харин Өмнөд Далай гэдэг. 2000 онд Олон улсын ус зүйн байгууллагын гишүүн улсууд "Өмнөд Далай" гэдэг нэр томъёо нь зөвхөн Антарктид болон өмнөд өргөргийн 60 градусын хооронд орших усанд хамаарна гэж санал өгсөн.</ref> 1.6 сая орчим хүн амтай тус муж улсад Австралийн нийт хүн амын 10 хүрэхгүй хувь нь оршин суудаг бөгөөд хүн амаар муж улс, нутаг дэвсгэрүүд дундаа тавд ордог. Хүн амын ихэнхи нь муж улсын нийслэл [[Аделаид]]ад оршин суудаг ба үлдсэн хүн амын ихэнхи нь зүүн өмнөд эрэг, [[Мөррэй гол]]ын дагуу үржил шимтэй нутгуудаар суурьшсан. Муж улсын гарал үүсэл нь ялтнуудаас бус, Британийн төлөвлөж суурьшуулсан чөлөөт суурьшигчдаас эхтэй тул Австралидаа өвөрмөцөд тооцогдоно. 1836 оны арванхоёрдугаар сарын 28-нд Захирагч Жон Хиндмарш Өүлд Гам Трий дээр тус муж улсыг байгуулагдсаныг тунхагласнаар иргэд албан ёсоор суурьшиж эхэлсэн гэдэг. Хамгийн түрүүнд 1836 онд Кэнгэрүү арал дээр Кингскөүт хотыг байгуулжээ. Энэхүү суурьших бодлогыг чиглүүлэгч зарчим нь Эдвард Гиббон Вэйкфийлдийн гаргасан ''системтэй колоничлох'' онол байсан бөгөөд энэ онолыг сүүлд Шинэ Зеландын Компани ашигласан билээ. Үүний зорилго нь иргэний эрх чөлөө, шашны хүлцлийг амлан, тус мужийг чөлөөт цагаачдад зориулсан соёл иргэншлийн төв болгон байгуулахад оршиж байлаа. Тус муж улсын түүхэнд эдийн засгийн хүндрэл бэрхшээл гарч байсан ч гэсэн улс төрийн хувьд шинэлэг, соёлын хувьд оргилж буцалсан хэвээр үлдсэн юм. Өнөөдөр тус муж улсыг баяр наадам, сайхан дарсны муж улс гэлцдэг билээ. Муж улсын эдийн засаг нь хөдөө аж ахуй, үйлдвэрлэл, уул уурхайн салбаруудад төвлөрдөг бөгөөд санхүүгийн салбар хурдацтай хөгжиж байгаа юм. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} * Dorothy Jauncey, Bardi Grubs and Frog Cakes — South Australian Words, Oxford University Press (2004) ISBN 0-19-551770-9 == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|South Australia}} * [http://www.sacentral.sa.gov.au/ South Australia Central] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060923113955/http://www.premcab.sa.gov.au/emblems/ Official Insignia And Emblems Page] * [http://www.southaustralia.com South Australian Tourism Commission - Travel Guides, Accommodation, Tours, Online Booking, Maps etc] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081001224504/http://www.climatechange.sa.gov.au/PDFs/FINAL_TACKLING_CLIMATE_CHANGE_STRATEGY_MAY_2007/TACKLING_CLIMATE_CHANGE_STRATEGY.pdf South Australia's Climate Change Strategy (2007)] * [http://saculture.com/ The Encyclopædia of South Australian Culture] Locals reflect on South Australian culture. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20011007103642/http://www.chariot.net.au/~littoral/index.htm Ground Truth - towards an Environmental History of South Australia] Community resources {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Өмнөд Австрали| ]] buknbymvza5nc5z6es09kfzp2hr10oo 0 9397 859903 741801 2026-06-23T17:34:59Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Баруун Австрали | native_name = {{native name|en|Western Australia}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Western Australia.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Баруун Австралийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Western Australian Coat of Arms.svg | seal_size = 130px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Баруун Австралийн төрийн сүлд | motto = | nickname = {{hlist|Зэрлэг цэцгийн муж|Алтан муж}} | image_map = Western Australia in Australia.svg | map_caption = Австрали дахь Баруун Австралийн байршил<br />{{coord|26|S|121|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-WA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = Австрали | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Баруун Австралийн колони]] | established_title2 = Үүсгэн байгуулагдсан | established_date2 = 5 сарын 2, 1829 он | established_title3 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date3 = 10 сарын 21, 1890 он | established_title4 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | demonym = {{hlist|Баруун Австраличууд|Баруун Оззи}} | capital = [[Перт]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|139 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Баруун Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Крис Дөүсон]] | leader_title3 = [[Баруун Австралийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Рожер Күүк (улс төрч)|Рожер Күүк]] ([[Баруун Австралийн Лэйбор Нам|Лэйбор]]) | legislature = [[Баруун Австралийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Баруун Австралийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Баруун Австралийн хууль тогтоох ассамблей|Хууль тогтоох ассамблей]] | judiciary = [[Баруун Австралийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Баруун Австралийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 15 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 2527013 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_rank = 1 | area_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1249 | elevation_max_point = [[Михарри уул]] | population_estimate = 2,805,000<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/sep-2022|title=National, state and territory population – September 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=16 March 2023|accessdate=19 March 2023|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629022248/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/sep-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 4 | population_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 1.0 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 7 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $292.284 тэрбум<ref>{{cite web |title=Western Australian Economic Notes – Gross State Product – 2019–20 |url=https://www.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/gross-state-product-economic-notes-2019-20.pdf |access-date=19 January 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831063352/https://www.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/gross-state-product-economic-notes-2019-20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $110,752 | HDI = 0.967<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref> | utc_offset_list = {{ublist|[[UTC+08:00]] ([[Австралийн Баруун Стандарт Цаг|АБСЦ]])|[[UTC+08:45]]}} | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = WA | website = {{URL|wa.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–WA]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг| embedded=Yes | mammal = [[Уутат шоргоолж идэгч]]<br />''(Myrmecobius fasciatus)'' | bird = [[Хар хун]]<br />''(Cygnus atratus)'' | fish = [[Халиман аварга загас]]<br />''(Rhincodon typus)'' | flower = [[Улаан ба ногоон имжин тавхай]]<br />''(Anigozanthos manglesii)'' | fossil = [[Гогонасус]]<br />''(Mcnamaraspis kaprios)'' | colour = Алтан шар ба хар }} }} '''Баруун Австрали''' нь [[Австрали тив]]ийн баруун хэсэг буюу гуравны нэгийг тэр чигт нь багтаасан [[Австрали]]йн нэгэн муж улс юм. Тус муж улс нутаг дэвсгэрээрээ Австралидаа хамгийн том, дэлхийд хоёрт орох засаг захиргааны нэгж ажээ. Баруун Австралид 2.1 сая оршин суугч (улсын нийт хүн амын 10%) байдгийн 85% нь муж улсын баруун өмнөд буланд нутагладаг. Тус муж улсын хүн амыг мужийн нийслэл [[Перт]] хавийн элсэн манханд байдаг шавьжны нэрээр ''элс тэмтчигчид'' гэж хочилдог.<ref>[http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/collections/natscience/invertebrates/sandgropers.asp Western Australian Museum - Sandgroper]</ref> == Газарзүй == Баруун Австрали зүүн талаараа [[Өмнөд Австрали]], [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]]тэй хил залгадаг бөгөөд баруун болон хойд талаараа [[Энэтхэгийн Далай]]гаар хүрээлэгдсэн. Тус тивээс өмнө зүгт орших усыг Олон улсын ус зүйн байгууллагаас албан ёсоор тодорхойлсны дагуу Энэтхэгийн Далайд багтаадаг боловч Австралид албан ёсоор [[Өмнөд Далай]] гэдэг.<ref name="SouthernOcean">{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.iho.shom.fr/publicat/free/files/S23_1953.pdf |wayback=20091007114205 |text=IHO Limit of Oceans and Seas |archiv-bot=2023-09-26 07:12:53 InternetArchiveBot }} and [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/21/1071941610556.html Article]</ref> Тус муж улсын зүүн хилийн нийт урт нь 1,862 км,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/borders.htm|title=State And Territory Borders|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=11 September 2007|accessdate=2008-09-25|}}</ref> бөгөөд эргийн шугамын нийт урт нь 12,889 км.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/coastlin.htm|title=Australian Coastlines|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=7 August 2003|accessdate=2008-09-25 }}</ref> Баруун Австралийн нийт хуурай газрын нутаг дэвсгэр 2.5 сая км²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/areadime.htm|title=Area of States and Territories|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=31 August 2005|accessdate=2008-09-25|}}</ref>. == Лавлах материал == {{Reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Western Australia|Баруун Австрали}} * [http://www.wa.gov.au/ Баруун Австралийн засгийн газрын вэбсайт] {{Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Баруун Австрали| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] icy3339z97we0omxhauz2u3dhs2kcm9 859914 859903 2026-06-23T17:40:20Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Баруун Австрали | native_name = {{native name|en|Western Australia}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Western Australia.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Баруун Австралийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Western Australian Coat of Arms.svg | seal_size = 130px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Баруун Австралийн төрийн сүлд | motto = | nickname = {{hlist|Зэрлэг цэцгийн муж|Алтан муж}} | image_map = Western Australia in Australia.svg | map_caption = Австрали дахь Баруун Австралийн байршил<br />{{coord|26|S|121|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-WA|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = Австрали | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Баруун Австралийн колони]] | established_title2 = Үүсгэн байгуулагдсан | established_date2 = 5 сарын 2, 1829 он | established_title3 = [[Хариуцлагатай засгийн газар]] | established_date3 = 10 сарын 21, 1890 он | established_title4 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date4 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | demonym = {{hlist|Баруун Австраличууд|Баруун Оззи}} | capital = [[Перт]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | admin_center = [[Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|139 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Баруун Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Крис Дөүсон]] | leader_title3 = [[Баруун Австралийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Рожер Күүк (улс төрч)|Рожер Күүк]] ([[Баруун Австралийн Лэйбор Нам|Лэйбор]]) | legislature = [[Баруун Австралийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Баруун Австралийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Баруун Австралийн хууль тогтоох ассамблей|Хууль тогтоох ассамблей]] | judiciary = [[Баруун Австралийн дээд шүүх]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Баруун Австралийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 15 суудал (151-ээс) | area_km2 = 2527013 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_rank = 1 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1249 | elevation_max_point = [[Михарри уул]] | population_estimate = 2,805,000<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/sep-2022|title=National, state and territory population – September 2022|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=16 March 2023|accessdate=19 March 2023|archive-date=19 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629022248/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/sep-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 4 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 1.0 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 7 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = $292.284 тэрбум<ref>{{cite web |title=Western Australian Economic Notes – Gross State Product – 2019–20 |url=https://www.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/gross-state-product-economic-notes-2019-20.pdf |access-date=19 January 2021 |archive-date=31 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210831063352/https://www.wa.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-12/gross-state-product-economic-notes-2019-20.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $110,752 | HDI = 0.967<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref name="GlobalDataLab">{{cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=18 February 2023}}</ref> | utc_offset_list = {{ublist|[[UTC+08:00]] ([[Австралийн Баруун Стандарт Цаг|АБСЦ]])|[[UTC+08:45]]}} | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = WA | website = {{URL|wa.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU–WA]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг| embedded=Yes | mammal = [[Уутат шоргоолж идэгч]]<br />''(Myrmecobius fasciatus)'' | bird = [[Хар хун]]<br />''(Cygnus atratus)'' | fish = [[Халиман аварга загас]]<br />''(Rhincodon typus)'' | flower = [[Улаан ба ногоон имжин тавхай]]<br />''(Anigozanthos manglesii)'' | fossil = [[Гогонасус]]<br />''(Mcnamaraspis kaprios)'' | colour = Алтан шар ба хар }} }} '''Баруун Австрали''' нь [[Австрали тив]]ийн баруун хэсэг буюу гуравны нэгийг тэр чигт нь багтаасан [[Австрали]]йн нэгэн муж улс юм. Тус муж улс нутаг дэвсгэрээрээ Австралидаа хамгийн том, дэлхийд хоёрт орох засаг захиргааны нэгж ажээ. Баруун Австралид 2.1 сая оршин суугч (улсын нийт хүн амын 10%) байдгийн 85% нь муж улсын баруун өмнөд буланд нутагладаг. Тус муж улсын хүн амыг мужийн нийслэл [[Перт]] хавийн элсэн манханд байдаг шавьжны нэрээр ''элс тэмтчигчид'' гэж хочилдог.<ref>[http://www.museum.wa.gov.au/collections/natscience/invertebrates/sandgropers.asp Western Australian Museum - Sandgroper]</ref> == Газарзүй == Баруун Австрали зүүн талаараа [[Өмнөд Австрали]], [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]]тэй хил залгадаг бөгөөд баруун болон хойд талаараа [[Энэтхэгийн Далай]]гаар хүрээлэгдсэн. Тус тивээс өмнө зүгт орших усыг Олон улсын ус зүйн байгууллагаас албан ёсоор тодорхойлсны дагуу Энэтхэгийн Далайд багтаадаг боловч Австралид албан ёсоор [[Өмнөд Далай]] гэдэг.<ref name="SouthernOcean">{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.iho.shom.fr/publicat/free/files/S23_1953.pdf |wayback=20091007114205 |text=IHO Limit of Oceans and Seas |archiv-bot=2023-09-26 07:12:53 InternetArchiveBot }} and [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2003/12/21/1071941610556.html Article]</ref> Тус муж улсын зүүн хилийн нийт урт нь 1,862 км,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/borders.htm|title=State And Territory Borders|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=11 September 2007|accessdate=2008-09-25|}}</ref> бөгөөд эргийн шугамын нийт урт нь 12,889 км.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/coastlin.htm|title=Australian Coastlines|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=7 August 2003|accessdate=2008-09-25 }}</ref> Баруун Австралийн нийт хуурай газрын нутаг дэвсгэр 2.5 сая км²<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/areadime.htm|title=Area of States and Territories|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=31 August 2005|accessdate=2008-09-25|}}</ref>. == Лавлах материал == {{Reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Western Australia|Баруун Австрали}} * [http://www.wa.gov.au/ Баруун Австралийн засгийн газрын вэбсайт] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Баруун Австрали| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] 55glwm5ryblc1ookzmdkna1oq4vt58h 0 9402 859906 842352 2026-06-23T17:35:17Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{distinguish|Танзани|Тасманниа}} {{энэ гарчиг}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Тасмани | native_name = {{native name|en|Tasmania}}</br>{{Native name|mis|lutruwita|paren=omit}} ([[Палава кани]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tacinc.com.au/official-aboriginal-and-dual-names/ |title=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre – Official Aboriginal and Dual Names of places |publisher=Tacinc.com.au |date=2022-07-28 |access-date=2022-08-02 |archive-date=25 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925075102/http://tacinc.com.au/official-aboriginal-and-dual-names/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Tasmania.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Тасманийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of arms of Tasmania.svg | seal_size = 130px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Тасманийн төрийн сүлд | motto = {{native name|la|Ubertas et Fidelitas}}<br />({{lang-mn|Үржил шим ба үнэнч чанар}}) | nickname = {{hlist|Тоззи|Алиман арал|Амралтын арал}} | image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg | map_caption = Австрали дахь Тасманийн байршил<br />Coordinates: {{coord|42|S|147|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-TAS_dim:300000|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = Австрали | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Тасманийн колони]] | established_title2 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date2 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Абель Тасман]] | demonym = {{hlist|Тасманичууд}} | capital = [[Хөүбарт]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = {{coord|42|52|50|S|147|19|30|E|type:city_region:AU-TAS|display=inline}} | admin_center = [[Тасманийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|29 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Тасманийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Барбара Бейкер]] | leader_title3 = [[Тасманийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Жереми Роклиф]] ([[Австралийн Либерал Нам (Тасманийн салбар)|Либерал]]) | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Тасманийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 5 суудал (151-ээс) | legislature = [[Тасманийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Тасманийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Тасманийн Ассамблейн Танхим|Ассамблейн Танхим]] | judiciary = [[Тасманийн дээд шүүх]] | area_km2 = 90758 | area_land_km2 = 68401 | area_water_km2 = 22357 | area_rank = 7 | area_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1617 | elevation_max_point = [[Осса уул]] | population_estimate = {{Increase}} 571,165<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|title=National, state and territory population – March 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=27 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 6 | population_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 8.3 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 4 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $32.102 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_type = | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $59,779 | Gini = 44.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2016 | Gini_change = IncreaseNegative | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=6524.0.55.002 – Estimates of Personal Income for Small Areas, 2011–2016 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6524.0.55.002Main+Features12011-2016?OpenDocument#:~:text=In%202015%2D16%2C%20Australia%20had,0.420%20in%20the%20Northern%20Territory. |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=19 June 2018 |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=5 September 2021 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905233122/https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6524.0.55.002Main+Features12011-2016?OpenDocument#:~:text=In%202015%2D16%2C%20Australia%20had,0.420%20in%20the%20Northern%20Territory. |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = 3 | HDI = 0.921<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Sub-national HDI |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/AUS/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |website=Global Data Lab |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032707/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/AUS/?levels=1+4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]] | utc_offset = +10:00 | timezone_DST = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|АЗЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +11:00 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = TAS | website = {{URL|tas.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU-TAS]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг | embedded = Yes | mammal = [[Тасманийн чөтгөр]]<br />(''Sarcophilus harrisii'')<ref name="faunaemb">{{cite web |url=http://www.gazette.tas.gov.au/editions/2015/21518_-_Special_25_May.pdf |title=Proclamation of Tasmanian Devil as Tasmania's Animal Emblem |date=25 May 2015 |publisher=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=2 June 2015 |archive-date=24 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724070232/http://www.gazette.tas.gov.au/editions/2015/21518_-_Special_25_May.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | flower = [[Эквалипт]]<br />(''Eucalyptus globulus'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/FloraProclamation.htm |title=Proclamation of Tasmanian floral emblem |work=Tasmanian Government Gazette |date=27 November 1962 |publisher=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=23 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064026/http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/FloraProclamation.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | plant = [[Арьсан мод]] (албан бус)<br />(''Eucryphia lucida'')<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gray |first1=Alan M. |title=Eucryphia lucida – Leatherwood |url=http://anpsa.org.au/APOL34/jun04-3.html |website=Australian Native Plants Society |access-date=5 September 2021 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905224138/http://anpsa.org.au/APOL34/jun04-3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | mineral = [[Крокоит]]<br />(''PbCrO₄'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/MineralProclamation.htm |title=Proclamation of Tasmanian mineral emblem |work=Tasmanian Government Gazette |date=4 December 2000 |publisher=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=23 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064059/http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/MineralProclamation.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | colour = ''Ногоон'' (PMS 342), ''ШарУлаан хүрэн'' (PMS 114), & ''Maroon'' (PMS 194)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sporting colours|url=http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/People_Performance_and_Governance/Executive_Services/protocol_office/sporting_colours|website=Department of Premier and Cabinet|publisher=Tasmanian Government|access-date=5 September 2021|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905224141/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/People_Performance_and_Governance/Executive_Services/protocol_office/sporting_colours|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{scarf|{{cell|#006747}}{{cell|#f7e34a}}{{cell|#991f36}}}} }} }} '''Тасмани''' нь [[Австрали]]йн арал бөгөөд мөн ижил нэртэй муж улс юм. Тасмани арал Австрали тивийн зүүн өмнөд үзүүрээс 240 км зайтай орших бөгөөд [[Бассын хоолой]]гоор тусгаарлагддаг. Тасмани муж улсад Тасмани арал болон эргэн тойрны жижиг арлууд орно. Тасманийн хүн ам 2022 оны тооцоогоор 4571 165 <ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0/ Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2007], [[Australian Bureau of Statistics|ABS]]</ref> байсан бөгөөд нутаг дэвсгэр нь 68,401 км² юм. Уг арлыг голландын аялагч, худалдаачин [[Абел Тасман]] 1642 онд нээсэн тул сүүлд 1856 оны 1-р сарын 1-нээс уг арлыг түүний нэрээр нэрлэсэн ажээ. Тасмани нь харьцангуй бага хөндөгдсөн өргөн уудам байгальтай тул ''Байгалийн муж улс'' болон "Урам зоригийн арал"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/vismktg/2007/island_of_inspiration/phase12/index.html|title=Tasmania - Island of Inspiration|accessdate=2007-12-31|archive-date=2008-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125040942/http://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/vismktg/2007/island_of_inspiration/phase12/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> хэмээн өргөмжлөгджээ. Албан ёсоор Тасманийн нутаг дэвсгэрийн бараг 37% нь дархан цаазат газар, үндэсний парк, Дэлхийн өвд бүртгэгдсэн газар юм.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/manage/parksres/reserves.html|title=Complete National Parks and Reserves Listings|publisher=[[Parks and Wildlife Service]]|date=[[2006-11-10]]|accessdate=2006-11-30|archive-date=2006-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210215825/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/manage/parksres/reserves.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Тус арал нь хамгийн хойд цэгээс хамгийн урд цэг хүртэл 364 км бөгөөд баруунаас зүүн тийш 306 км өргөнтэй юм. Тасманийн нийслэл бөгөөд хамгийн том хот нь [[Хөүбарт]] бөгөөд тус хотод Хөүбарт, Глинорчи, Клэренс хотын бүсүүдийг хамарна. Антарктидын хавийн Маквэйрий арал мөн тус муж улсын захиргаанд, Хюон хөндийн зөвлөлийн орон нутгийн бүсэд багтдаг. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist|2}} == Нэмж унших материал == * Alexander, Alison (editor) (2005)''The [[Companion to Tasmanian History]]'' Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart. ISBN 1-86295-223-X. * Robson, L.L. (1983) ''A History of Tasmania. Volume I. Van Diemen's Land From the Earliest Times to 1855'' Melbourne, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554364-5. * Robson, L.L. (1991) ''A History of Tasmania. Volume II. Colony and State From 1856 to the 1980s'' Melbourne, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553031-4. == Гадны холбоос == {{commons|Tasmania}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908064812/http://parks.tas.gov.au/where/where.html Where is Tasmania? web page] * [http://tas.gov.au/ Tasmania Online - the main State Government website] * [http://www.discovertasmania.com/ Discover Tasmania] - official tourism website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080922212320/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17105 NASA Satellite image of Tasmania] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210085348/http://tas.gov.au/tasmaniaonline/about/maplarge.asp Another detailed map] {{Австралийн мужууд ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Тасмани| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Австрали ба Далайн орнуудын арал]] [[Ангилал:Тасманийн арал]] [[Ангилал:Номхон далайн арал]] io8dsx4g4uxsfw10ferj00egk447zk4 859915 859906 2026-06-23T17:40:36Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн муж}} {{distinguish|Танзани|Тасманниа}} {{энэ гарчиг}} {{Инфобокс улс төрийн хуваалт | name = Тасмани | native_name = {{native name|en|Tasmania}}</br>{{Native name|mis|lutruwita|paren=omit}} ([[Палава кани]])<ref>{{cite web |url=http://tacinc.com.au/official-aboriginal-and-dual-names/ |title=Tasmanian Aboriginal Centre – Official Aboriginal and Dual Names of places |publisher=Tacinc.com.au |date=2022-07-28 |access-date=2022-08-02 |archive-date=25 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190925075102/http://tacinc.com.au/official-aboriginal-and-dual-names/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | image_flag = Flag of Tasmania.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Тасманийн төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of arms of Tasmania.svg | seal_size = 130px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Тасманийн төрийн сүлд | motto = {{native name|la|Ubertas et Fidelitas}}<br />({{lang-mn|Үржил шим ба үнэнч чанар}}) | nickname = {{hlist|Тоззи|Алиман арал|Амралтын арал}} | image_map = Tasmania in Australia.svg | map_caption = Австрали дахь Тасманийн байршил<br />Coordinates: {{coord|42|S|147|E|type:adm1st_region:AU-TAS_dim:300000|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = Австрали | established_title = Холбооны өмнө | established_date = [[Тасманийн колони]] | established_title2 = [[Австралийн Холбоо|Холбоо]] | established_date2 = 1 сарын 1, 1901 он | named_for = [[Абель Тасман]] | demonym = {{hlist|Тасманичууд}} | capital = [[Хөүбарт]] | largest_city = capital | coordinates = {{coord|42|52|50|S|147|19|30|E|type:city_region:AU-TAS|display=inline}} | admin_center = [[Тасманийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс|29 орон нутгийн засаг захиргааны бүс]] | admin_center_type = Засаг захиргаа | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Тасманийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Барбара Бейкер]] | leader_title3 = [[Тасманийн ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name3 = [[Жереми Роклиф]] ([[Австралийн Либерал Нам (Тасманийн салбар)|Либерал]]) | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Тасманийн сенаторын жагсаалт|12 сенатор]] (76-аас) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = 5 суудал (151-ээс) | legislature = [[Тасманийн Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Тасманийн хууль тогтоох зөвлөл|Хууль тогтоох зөвлөл]] | lower_house = [[Тасманийн Ассамблейн Танхим|Ассамблейн Танхим]] | judiciary = [[Тасманийн дээд шүүх]] | area_km2 = 90758 | area_land_km2 = 68401 | area_water_km2 = 22357 | area_rank = 7 | area_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | elevation_max_m = 1617 | elevation_max_point = [[Осса уул]] | population_estimate = {{Increase}} 571,165<ref name=ABSPop>{{cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|title=National, state and territory population – March 2021|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=26 September 2022|accessdate=27 November 2022|archive-date=21 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121204624/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/national-state-and-territory-population/mar-2022|url-status=live}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 6 | population_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | population_estimate_year = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 8.3 | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = 4 | population_density_rank_link = Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Статистик | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $32.102 тэрбум<ref name="gspref">{{cite web |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/economy/national-accounts/australian-national-accounts-state-accounts/latest-release |title=5220.0 – Australian National Accounts: State Accounts, 2019–20 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=20 November 2020 |access-date=20 January 2021 |archive-date=17 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617110448/http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/E6765105B38FFFC6CA2568A9001393ED?opendocument |url-status=live }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_type = | GDP_nominal_year = 2020 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $59,779 | Gini = 44.8<!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2016 | Gini_change = IncreaseNegative | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=6524.0.55.002 – Estimates of Personal Income for Small Areas, 2011–2016 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6524.0.55.002Main+Features12011-2016?OpenDocument#:~:text=In%202015%2D16%2C%20Australia%20had,0.420%20in%20the%20Northern%20Territory. |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=19 June 2018 |publisher=Australian Government |access-date=5 September 2021 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905233122/https://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/Lookup/6524.0.55.002Main+Features12011-2016?OpenDocument#:~:text=In%202015%2D16%2C%20Australia%20had,0.420%20in%20the%20Northern%20Territory. |url-status=live }}</ref> | Gini_rank = 3 | HDI = 0.921<!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Sub-national HDI |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/AUS/?levels=1%2B4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |website=Global Data Lab |access-date=18 February 2023 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326032707/https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/shdi/AUS/?levels=1+4&interpolation=1&extrapolation=0&nearest_real=0 |url-status=live }}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|АЗСЦ]] | utc_offset = +10:00 | timezone_DST = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|АЗЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +11:00 | calling_code = | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Хуваарилалт|Шуудангийн товчлол]] | postal_code = TAS | website = {{URL|tas.gov.au}} | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:AU|AU-TAS]] {{Инфобокс бэлгэ тэмдэг | embedded = Yes | mammal = [[Тасманийн чөтгөр]]<br />(''Sarcophilus harrisii'')<ref name="faunaemb">{{cite web |url=http://www.gazette.tas.gov.au/editions/2015/21518_-_Special_25_May.pdf |title=Proclamation of Tasmanian Devil as Tasmania's Animal Emblem |date=25 May 2015 |publisher=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=2 June 2015 |archive-date=24 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724070232/http://www.gazette.tas.gov.au/editions/2015/21518_-_Special_25_May.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | flower = [[Эквалипт]]<br />(''Eucalyptus globulus'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/FloraProclamation.htm |title=Proclamation of Tasmanian floral emblem |work=Tasmanian Government Gazette |date=27 November 1962 |publisher=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=23 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064026/http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/FloraProclamation.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | plant = [[Арьсан мод]] (албан бус)<br />(''Eucryphia lucida'')<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gray |first1=Alan M. |title=Eucryphia lucida – Leatherwood |url=http://anpsa.org.au/APOL34/jun04-3.html |website=Australian Native Plants Society |access-date=5 September 2021 |archive-date=5 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905224138/http://anpsa.org.au/APOL34/jun04-3.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | mineral = [[Крокоит]]<br />(''PbCrO₄'')<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/MineralProclamation.htm |title=Proclamation of Tasmanian mineral emblem |work=Tasmanian Government Gazette |date=4 December 2000 |publisher=www.parliament.tas.gov.au |access-date=23 January 2013 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225064059/http://www.parliament.tas.gov.au/tpl/InfoSheets/MineralProclamation.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> | colour = ''Ногоон'' (PMS 342), ''ШарУлаан хүрэн'' (PMS 114), & ''Maroon'' (PMS 194)<ref>{{cite web|title=Sporting colours|url=http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/People_Performance_and_Governance/Executive_Services/protocol_office/sporting_colours|website=Department of Premier and Cabinet|publisher=Tasmanian Government|access-date=5 September 2021|archive-date=5 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210905224141/http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/divisions/People_Performance_and_Governance/Executive_Services/protocol_office/sporting_colours|url-status=live}}</ref><br />{{scarf|{{cell|#006747}}{{cell|#f7e34a}}{{cell|#991f36}}}} }} }} '''Тасмани''' нь [[Австрали]]йн арал бөгөөд мөн ижил нэртэй муж улс юм. Тасмани арал Австрали тивийн зүүн өмнөд үзүүрээс 240 км зайтай орших бөгөөд [[Бассын хоолой]]гоор тусгаарлагддаг. Тасмани муж улсад Тасмани арал болон эргэн тойрны жижиг арлууд орно. Тасманийн хүн ам 2022 оны тооцоогоор 4571 165 <ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3101.0/ Australian Demographic Statistics, Jun 2007], [[Australian Bureau of Statistics|ABS]]</ref> байсан бөгөөд нутаг дэвсгэр нь 68,401 км² юм. Уг арлыг голландын аялагч, худалдаачин [[Абел Тасман]] 1642 онд нээсэн тул сүүлд 1856 оны 1-р сарын 1-нээс уг арлыг түүний нэрээр нэрлэсэн ажээ. Тасмани нь харьцангуй бага хөндөгдсөн өргөн уудам байгальтай тул ''Байгалийн муж улс'' болон "Урам зоригийн арал"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/vismktg/2007/island_of_inspiration/phase12/index.html|title=Tasmania - Island of Inspiration|accessdate=2007-12-31|archive-date=2008-01-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080125040942/http://www.tourismtasmania.com.au/vismktg/2007/island_of_inspiration/phase12/index.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> хэмээн өргөмжлөгджээ. Албан ёсоор Тасманийн нутаг дэвсгэрийн бараг 37% нь дархан цаазат газар, үндэсний парк, Дэлхийн өвд бүртгэгдсэн газар юм.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/manage/parksres/reserves.html|title=Complete National Parks and Reserves Listings|publisher=[[Parks and Wildlife Service]]|date=[[2006-11-10]]|accessdate=2006-11-30|archive-date=2006-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061210215825/http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/manage/parksres/reserves.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Тус арал нь хамгийн хойд цэгээс хамгийн урд цэг хүртэл 364 км бөгөөд баруунаас зүүн тийш 306 км өргөнтэй юм. Тасманийн нийслэл бөгөөд хамгийн том хот нь [[Хөүбарт]] бөгөөд тус хотод Хөүбарт, Глинорчи, Клэренс хотын бүсүүдийг хамарна. Антарктидын хавийн Маквэйрий арал мөн тус муж улсын захиргаанд, Хюон хөндийн зөвлөлийн орон нутгийн бүсэд багтдаг. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist|2}} == Нэмж унших материал == * Alexander, Alison (editor) (2005)''The [[Companion to Tasmanian History]]'' Centre for Tasmanian Historical Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart. ISBN 1-86295-223-X. * Robson, L.L. (1983) ''A History of Tasmania. Volume I. Van Diemen's Land From the Earliest Times to 1855'' Melbourne, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-554364-5. * Robson, L.L. (1991) ''A History of Tasmania. Volume II. Colony and State From 1856 to the 1980s'' Melbourne, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-553031-4. == Гадны холбоос == {{commons|Tasmania}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080908064812/http://parks.tas.gov.au/where/where.html Where is Tasmania? web page] * [http://tas.gov.au/ Tasmania Online - the main State Government website] * [http://www.discovertasmania.com/ Discover Tasmania] - official tourism website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080922212320/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17105 NASA Satellite image of Tasmania] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090210085348/http://tas.gov.au/tasmaniaonline/about/maplarge.asp Another detailed map] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Тасмани| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Австрали ба Далайн орнуудын арал]] [[Ангилал:Тасманийн арал]] [[Ангилал:Номхон далайн арал]] oxysdj0btv03zovdx04npgopwbx3f23 0 9403 859920 574066 2026-06-23T17:41:51Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859920 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Зураг:JervisBayTerritory.png|thumb|300px|Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн газрын зураг]] '''Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр''' ({{Lang-en|Jervis Bay Territory}}) нь [[Австрали|Австралийн Хамтын Нөхөрлөлийн]] нутаг дэвсгэр юм. 1915 онд Хамтын Нөхөрлөлийн засгийн газар Холбооны нийслэл хот Канберраг далайд гарцтай болгохын тулд тус нутаг дэвсгэрийг [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс]] муж улсаас худалдан авчээ. 1989 онд [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] өөрийгөө удирдах эрхтэй болох хүртэл Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн бүрэлдхүүнд байсан бөгөөд үүний дараа Нутаг Дэвсгэрүүдийн Сайдын удирддаг тусдаа нутаг дэвсгэр болсон. Гэхдээ энэ нутаг дэвсгэр [[Австралийн Сенат]] дахь АННД-ийн төлөөллийн хувьд одоо хүртэл АННД-ийн нэг хэсэг гэж тооцогддог бөгөөд [[Австралийн Төлөөлөгчдийн Танхим]]д Фрэйзерийн хэсгийн нэг хэсэг болж тооцогддог. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Jervis Bay}} * [http://www.ag.gov.au/www/agd/agd.nsf/Page/Territories_of_AustraliaJervis_Bay Official site] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн холбооны улс буюу холбооны нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Эксклав]] dx7ksc9zc9mbm8i0yqekxiur802ck9h 0 9404 859922 744847 2026-06-23T17:41:59Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859922 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Зураг:Ashmore and Cartier Islands-CIA WFB Map.png|thumb|Эшмор ба Картьер Арлууд]] [[Зураг:Hibernia Reef.png|thumb|right|Хайберниа шүрэн арал ([[НАСА]]-гийн хиймэл дагуулын зураг]] '''Эшмор ба Картьер Арлуудын Нутаг Дэвсгэр''' {{Lang-en|Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands}} нь Австралиас баруун хойшоо, Индонезийн Роти арлаас өмнө зүгт Энэтхэгийн Далайд эх газрын шельфийн зах хавиар орших тропикийн эзгүй хоёр бүлэг жижиг арал юм. == Газарзүй == [[Зураг:Ashmore Reef2.png|thumb|Эшмор шүрэн арал НАСА-гийн хиймэл дагуулын зурганд]] Тус нутаг дэвсгэрт Эшмор шүрэн арал (Баруун, Дундад, Зүүн арлууд) болон Картьер арал (зүүн тийш 70 км-т оршино) багтах ба нийт нутаг дэвсгэр нь шүрэн арлын хүрээнд, гүехэн булан тохойг оруулбал 199.45 км² бөгөөд хуурай газар нь 114,400 м² болно. Нийт эргийн шугам нь 74.1 км, ямар ч боомт, зангуу хаях газар байхгүй. Эшмор шүрэн арлаас зүүн хойш 42 км-т орших ойролцоох Хайберниа шүрэн арал нь тус нутаг дэвсгэрийн бүрэлдхүүнд ордоггүй. Ус татрах үед шүрэн арлын томоохон хэсэг нь ил гардаг боловч үргэлж хуурайгаараа байдаг газар байхгүй. *Эшмор шүрэн арал 155.40 км² (гүехэн булан тохойг оруулаад шүрэн арлын хүрээнд) **Баруун арал, 51,200 м² хуурай газар; **Дундад арал, 21,200 м² хуурай газар; **Зүүн арал, 25,000 м² хуурай газар; *Картьер шүрэн арал 44.03 км² (гүехэн булан тохойг оруулаад шүрэн арлын хүрээнд) **Картьер арал, 17,000 м² хуурай газар; Баруун арал дээр цаг уурын автомат станц бий. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|Ashmore and Cartier Islands}} * [http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/externalterr/ashmore.htm Geoscience Australia—Ashmore and Cartier Islands] * [http://www.deh.gov.au/coasts/mpa/ashmore/ Department of the Environment and Heritage—Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve] * [http://www.deh.gov.au/coasts/mpa/cartier/ Department of the Environment and Heritage—Cartier Island Marine Reserve] * [http://islands.unep.ch/IJA.htm— First on list of Australian islands]{{Dead link|date=Есдүгээр сар 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * "Ashmore Reef Belongs to Indonesia," posted on East Timor Action Network. [http://www.etan.org/et2003/january/05-11/06ashmorn.htm] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Австралийн харьяа нутаг]] [[Ангилал:Маргаантай нутаг дэвсгэр]] [[Ангилал:Эзэнгүй арлын бүлэг]] [[Ангилал:Эшмор ба Картьер Арлууд| ]] 2lg5ynlrx24jmn3urnebh342rj8qija 0 9405 859916 798353 2026-06-23T17:40:49Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Australian territorial claim on East Antarctica}} {{Инфобокс хараат нутаг | name = Австралийн Антарктидын Нутаг Дэвсгэр | native_name = {{native name|en|Australian Antarctic Territory}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Австралийн гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр]] | image_map = Antarctica, Australia territorial claim.svg | map_alt = Map of Antarctica indicating Australian territorial claim (red area) | map_caption = Австралийн нутаг дэвсгэрийн нэхэмжлэлийг харуулсан Антарктидын газрын зураг (улаан) | subdivision_type = [[Бүрэн эрхт улс]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Австрали}} | established_title2 = Британийн нэхэмжлэл | established_date2 = 1841 | established_title3 = Нэхэмжлэлийг Австрали руу шилжүүлсэн | established_date3 = 1933 | official_languages = [[Англи хэл]] | capital_type = Гол бааз | capital = [[Дэвис станц]] | coordinates = {{coord|68.576667|S|77.9675|E|format=dms|region:AQ}} | largest_settlement = capital | largest_settlement_type = захиргааны төв | government_type = [[Үндсэн хуульт хаант засаг|Үндсэн хуульт хаант засаг]] дор [[хараат нутаг дэвсгэр]] | leader_title1 = [[Их Британийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Дэвид Херли]] | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн засгийн газар|Австралийн засгийн газрын]] сайд | leader_name3 = [[Таня Плиберсек]] | leader_title4 = Ахлах эрдэмтэн | leader_name4 = [[Николь Вебстер]] | area_km2 = 5,896,500 | area_sq_mi = | area_land_km2 = | percent_water = | population_estimate = 1,000-аас бага | population_estimate_year = | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | pop_den_footnote = | currency = [[Австрали доллар]] ($) | currency_code = AUD | drives_on = | iso_code = | calling_code = [[Австралийн Антарктидын Нутаг Дэвсгэр дэх утасны дугаар|+672 1x]] | cctld = {{hlist|[[.aq]]|[[.au]]}} }} [[Зураг:Davis Station November 2005.jpg|thumb|[[Дэвис (Антарктидын бааз)|Дэвис станц]]]] '''Австралийн Антарктидын Нутаг Дэвсгэр''' нь Австралийн эзэмшдэг Антарктидын хэсэг бөгөөд аль нэг улсын эзэмшдэг Антарктидын хамгийн том нутаг дэвсгэр юм. Тус нутаг дэвсгэр нь 60° S ба 44°38' E, 160° E-ын хооронд орших Адилий арлаас бусад бүх арал, нутаг дэвсгэрээс бүрдэнэ. Харин тус арал нь Австралийн Антарктидын Нутаг Дэвсгэрийг Баруун, Зүүн гэсэн хоёр хэсэгт хуваана. Баруун талаараа Квийн Могийн Газраар, зүүн талаараа Россын Хараат Нутаг Дэвсгэрээр хүрээлэгдсэн. Нийт 5,896,500 км² нутаг дэвсгэртэй гэж тооцогддог.<ref name= dewha>{{cite web|title = National recovery plan for Albatrosses and Giant-petrels: Section 4.1.6 Australian Antarctic Territory, Geography |publisher= Australian Government, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts |url= http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/recovery/albatross/habitat.html |accessdate= 2008-07-16}}</ref> Тус нутаг дэвсгэрт зөвхөн судалгааны станцуудын ажилтнууд л оршин суудаг. [[Австралийн Антарктидийн Хэлтэс]] янз бүрийн судалгааны төслийг дэмждэг гурван байнгын ажиллагаатай станцыг ([[Моосон станц|Моосон]], [[Дэвис станц|Дэвис]], [[Кэйзий станц|Кэйзий]]) удирддаг. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == * [http://www.antarctica.gov.au/ Australian Antarctic Division] * [http://aadc-maps.aad.gov.au/database/mapcat/antarctica/v4_99_00.pdf PDF-Map of the AAT] * [http://aadc-maps.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/search_names.cfm Australian Antarctic Gazetteer] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204155528/http://south.aari.nw.ru/default_en.html Russian stations] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} [[Ангилал:Антарктикийн улс төр]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн улс төр]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн эрх зүй]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн харьяа нутаг]] 1r593yhcvfhf13en33d2havwmnuwpon 0 9406 859917 742584 2026-06-23T17:41:03Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр}} {{About|Энэтхэгийн далайн Австралийн нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Кирибатийн арлын тухай|Киритимати|хэрэглээг}} {{Инфобокс хараат нутаг | name = Зул Сарын Арал | native_name = {{native name|en|Christmas Island}} | official_name = Зул Сарын Арлын Нутаг Дэвсгэр<br />{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|圣诞岛领地}} / {{native name|zh-hant|聖誕島領地}}<br />{{native name|ms|Wilayah Pulau Krismas}}}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн Энэтхэгийн далайн нутаг дэвсгэр]]<br />[[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр|Австралийн гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр]] | image_skyline = Flying Fish Cove at Christmas Island.jpg | image_caption = [[Флайинг Фиш Көүв]], нутаг дэвсгэрийн нийслэл | image_flag = Flag of Christmas Island.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_link = Зул Сарын Арлын төрийн далбаа | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | image_seal = | seal_size = | seal_link = | motto = | anthem = | song_type = | song = | image_map = Australia on the globe (Christmas Island special) (Southeast Asia centered).svg | map_alt = Зул Сарын Арлын (улаан тойрог) болон эх газрын Австралийн байршил (тивийг улаанаар) | map_caption = Зул Сарын Арлын (улаан тойрог) ба эх газрын Австралийн байршил (тивийг улаанаар) | subdivision_type = [[Бүрэн эрхт улс]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Австрали}} | established_title = Британи эзлэн авав | established_date = 6 сарын 6, 1888 он | established_title2 = Сингапураас Австрали руу шилжүүлсэн | established_date2 = 10 сарын 1, 1958 он | official_languages = Байхгүй{{efn|Англи хэл нь Зул Сарын Арал болон Австралид албан ёсны статусгүй ч засгийн газрын харилцааны хэл юм.}} | languages_type = Ярианы хэлнүүд | languages = {{hlist|[[Англи хэл|Англи]]|[[Малай хэл|Малай]]|[[Стандарт Хятад хэл|Стандарт Хятад]]|[[Кантон хэл|Кантон]]|[[Хоккиен хэл]]}} | capital = [[Флайинг Фиш Көүв]]<br />("Суурин") | coordinates = {{Coord|10|25|18|S|105|40|41|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | demonym = Зул Сарын Арлынхан | ethnic_groups = {{plainlist| * 21.2% Хятадууд * 18% Австронезичууд * 12.7% Австраличууд‎ * 8% Англи * 2.5% Ирландчууд * 40.8% бусад }} | ethnic_groups_year = | government_type = [[Шууд удирдлага|Шууд удирдагддаг]] [[Хараат нутаг дэвсгэр|хараат нутаг]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Дэвид Херли]] | leader_title3 = [[Зул Сарын Арлын захиргааны дарга нарын жагсаалт|Захирагч]] | leader_name3 = [[Фарзиан Зайнал]] | leader_title4 = [[Зул Сарын Арал шайэ#Ерөнхийлөгчид|Шайэ Ерөнхийлөгч]] | leader_name4 = [[Гордон Томсон (Зул Сарын Арлын улс төрч)|Гордон Томсон]] | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн сенаторын жагсаалт (Австрали)|Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн сенаторууд]] төлөөлдөг | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = [[Лингиарийн Хэлтэс]]д багтсан | area_km2 = 135 | area_sq_mi = 52 | percent_water = 0 | elevation_max_m = 361 | elevation_max_ft = | population_census = 1,692<ref name=Census2021/> | population_census_rank = - | population_census_year = 2021 | population_density_km2 = 10.39 | population_density_sq_mi = 26.96 | population_density_rank = - | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal =US$52,177,900<ref>{{Cite book|last=Lundy|first=Kate|url=https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=/ncet/economicenvironment/report/chapter%203.pdf|title=Inquiry into the changing economic environment in the Indian Ocean Territories|publisher=Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories|year=2010|isbn=978-0-642-79276-1|location=Parliament House, Canberra|pages=22|chapter=Chapter 3: The economic environment of the Indian Ocean Territories}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year = 2010 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | currency = [[Австрали доллар]] ($) | currency_code = AUD | timezone = [[Зул Сарын Арлын Цаг|CXT]] | utc_offset = +07:00 | drives_on = зүүн | calling_code = [[Австрали дахь утасны дугаар|+61 891]] | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр|Шуудангийн код]] | postal_code = WA 6798 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CX|CX]] | cctld = [[.cx]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://google.com.cx/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 July 2021 |archive-date=9 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191109025116/http://google.com.cx/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} {{Инфобокс Хятад хэл | name = Зул Сарын Арал | order = st | t = 聖誕島 | s = 圣诞岛 | p = Shèngdàn Dǎo | j = {{Tone superscript|Sing3daan3 Dou2}} | poj = Sèng-tàn-tó | altname = Зул Сарын Арлын Нутаг Дэвсгэр | t2 = 聖誕島領地 | s2 = 圣诞岛领地 | p2 = Shèngdàn Dǎo Lǐngdì | j2 = {{Tone superscript|Sing3daan3 Dou2 Ling5dei6}} | poj2 = Sèng-tàn-tó Léng-tē | ms = Wilayah Pulau Krismas }} '''Зул Сарын Арлын Нутаг Дэвсгэр''' ({{Lang-en|Territory of Christmas Island}}) нь [[Энэтхэгийн Далай]]д [[Баруун Австрали]]йн [[Перт]] хотоос баруун хойд зүгт 2,600 км зайтай, [[Индонез]]ийн [[Жакарта]] хотоос 500 км зайтай, [[Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлууд|Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлуудаас]] зүүндүү хойшоо 975 км зайтай оршдог [[Австрали]]йн жижиг нутаг дэвсгэр юм. Тус нутаг дэвсгэрт 1,600 орчим оршин суугч амьдардаг бөгөөд арлын хойд үзүүрт байх хэд хэдэн сууринд суудаг. Тухайлбал Флайинг Фиш Көүв (мөн Кампонг гэдэг), Силвер Сити, Пүүн Саан, Драмсайт зэрэг сууринг дурдаж болно. Тус арал нь байгалийн өвөрмөц байршилтай бөгөөд амьтан, ургамлын аймаг нь удаан хугацаагаар тусгаарлагдан хувьсаж хөгжсөн бөгөөд хүн суурьшиж, байгалийг нь их хөндөөгүй тул эрдэмтэн судлаачдын сонирхлыг их татдаг<ref name="wilderness society">{{cite web|url=http://www.wilderness.org.au/campaigns/marine/christmas_island/save_ci/|title=Save Christmas Island - Introduction|publisher=The Wilderness Society|accessdate=2007-04-14|date=2002-09-19}}</ref>. Олон жилийн турш тус арал дээр гуано олборлох ажиллагаа явагдсан бөгөөд одоо тус арлын нутаг дэвсгэрийн 65% нь Үндэсний парк бөгөөд эртний онгон ширэнгэн ой их талбайг эзлэн оршино. == Тэмдэглэл == {{notelist|1}} == Лавлах материал == {{Reflist}} == Нэмэлт унших материал == * CIA World Factbook 2002 * Charles. W. Andrews, A Description of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). ''Geographical Journal'', '''13(1)''', 17-35 (1899). * Charles W. Andrews, A Monograph of Christmas Island, London,1900. * National Library of Australia, The Indian Ocean: a select bibliography. 1979 ISBN 0-642-99150-2 * W. J. L. Wharton, Account of Christmas Island, Indian Ocean. ''Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography'', '''10 (10)''', 613-624 (1888). == Гадны холбоос == * [http://shire.gov.cx/ Christmas Island Shire] - official government website * [http://christmas.net.au Christmas Island Tourism Association] - official tourism website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218153136/http://scaleplus.law.gov.au/html/pasteact/0/288/top.htm ''Christmas Island Act 1958''] * {{CIA World Factbook link|kt|Christmas Island}} * [http://www.unearthtravel.com/guide/christmas-island Christmas Island Travel Guide] from [[Unearth Travel]] a creative commons travel wiki {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} <!--Categories--> [[Ангилал:Зул Сарын Арал| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн харьяа нутаг]] [[Ангилал:Азийн арал]] [[Ангилал:Энэтхэгийн далайн арал]] s97x402h01zt6yj1dpkjiozn8hk02ix 0 9408 859918 831524 2026-06-23T17:41:15Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Энэтхэгийн далай дахь Австралийн арлууд}} {{Инфобокс хараат нутаг | name = Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлууд | native_name = {{native name|en|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}} | official_name = Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлуудын Нутаг Дэвсгэр<br />{{nobold|{{native name|coa|Pulu Kokos (Keeling)}}}}<br />{{nobold|{{native name|ms|Wilayah Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling)}}}} | settlement_type = [[Австралийн Энэтхэгийн далайн нутаг дэвсгэр]]<br />[[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд#Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр|Австралийн гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр]] | image_flag = | flag_type = [[Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлуудын төрийн далбаа|Төрийн далбаа]] | flag_size = 130px | flag_link = | motto = {{native name|coa|"Maju Pulu Kita"|italics=off}}<br/>({{lang-mn|"Бидний арал урагшлаарай"}}) | anthem = "''[[Австралийн төрийн дуулал|Advance Australia Fair]]''"<br><div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center">[[File:U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair (instrumental).ogg]]</div> | song_type = | song = | image_map = Australia on the globe (Cocos (Keeling) Islands special) (Southeast Asia centered).svg | map_alt = Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлуудын байршил | map_caption = Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлуудын байршил (улаан тойрог) | subdivision_type = [[Бүрэн эрхт улс]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Австрали}} | established_title = [[Их Британи]] эзлэн авсан | established_date = 1857 | established_title2 = Сингапураас Австрали руу шилжүүлсэн | established_date2 = 11 сарын 23, 1955 он | official_languages = Байхгүй | languages_type = Ярианы хэлнүүд | languages = {{hlist|[[Кокос Арлуудын Малай хэл|Малай]]|[[Англи хэл]]{{NoteTag|Англи хэл нь Кокос (Килинг) арлууд болон Австралид [[де-юре]] статусгүй ч засгийн газрын харилцааны хэл юм.}}}} | capital = [[Баруун Арал, Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлууд|Баруун Арал]] | coordinates = {{Coord|12|11|13|S|96|49|42|E|type:city}} | largest_settlement_type = тосгон | largest_settlement = [[Бантам, Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлууд|Bantam]] {{small|([[Хөүм арал]])}} | demonym = | ethnic_groups = | ethnic_groups_year = | government_type = [[Шууд удирдлага|Шууд удирдагддаг]] [[Хараат нутаг дэвсгэр|хараат нутаг]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Дэвид Херли]] | leader_title3 = [[Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлуудын захиргааны дарга нарын жагсаалт|Захирагч]] | leader_name3 = Сара Ванденбрук<ref>{{Webarchiv|url=https://www.infrastructure.gov.au/sites/default/files/documents/2022d09-departmental-community-bulletin-sarah-vandenbroek-appointed-as-deputy-administrator.pdf |wayback=20230527042507 |text=Archive copy |archiv-bot=2023-11-23 06:26:07 InternetArchiveBot }} {{bare URL PDF|date=June 2023}}</ref> (үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч) | leader_title4 = [[Кокосын шайэ|Шайэ Ерөнхийлөгч]] | leader_name4 = Айндил Минком | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн сенаторын жагсаалт (Австрали)|Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн сенаторууд]] төлөөлдөг | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = [[Лингиарийн Хэлтэс]]д багтсан | area_km2 = 14 | area_sq_mi = 5.3 | percent_water = 0 | elevation_max_m = 5 | elevation_max_ft = | population_census = 593<ref name="census" /> | population_census_rank = - | population_census_year = 2021 | population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi = | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal = $11,012,550<ref>{{cite book |last=Lundy |first=Kate |url = https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=/ncet/economicenvironment/report/chapter%203.pdf |title=Inquiry into the changing economic environment in the Indian Ocean Territories |publisher=Joint Standing Committee on the National Capital and External Territories| year=2010|isbn=978-0-642-79276-1|location=Parliament House, Canberra ACT |page=23 |chapter = Chapter 3: The economic environment of the Indian Ocean Territories }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_rank = not ranked | GDP_nominal_year =2010 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = $18,570.91 | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = not ranked | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI = <!--number only--> | currency = [[Австрали доллар]] ($) | currency_code = AUD | timezone = | utc_offset = +06:30 | drives_on = зүүн<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldstandards.eu/cars/list-of-left-driving-countries/?location=cn|title=List of left- & right-driving countries}}</ref> | calling_code = [[Австрали дахь утасны дугаар|+61 891]] | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр|Шуудангийн код]] | postal_code = WA 6799 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CC|CC]] | cctld = [[.cc]] }} '''Кокос (Кийлинг) Арлууд''' ({{Lang-en|Cocos (Keeling) Islands}}) нь [[Австрали]]йн нутаг дэвсгэр юм. Тус арлуудад хоёр атолл, 27 шүрэн арал багтдаг. Эдгээр арал нь Австрали, [[Шри Ланка|Шри Ланкын]] бараг тэхий дунд [[Энэтхэгийн Далай]]д оршдог. == Тэмдэглэл == {{NoteFoot}} == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Гадны холбоос == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912115745/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/arb/399-414/403.pdf Atoll Research Bulletin vol. 403] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181111170740/http://www.cocos-tourism.cc/ Cocos (Keeling) Islands Tourism website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190110141142/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ck.html Cocos (Keeling) Islands] entry from the [[CIA World Factbook]] * [http://www.shire.cc/ Shire of Cocos (Keeling) Islands] * [http://www.awm.gov.au/journal/j34/cocosmutiny.htm Noel Crusz, ''The Cocos Islands mutiny'', Reviewed by: PETER STANLEY, Principal Historian, Australian War Memorial] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120925170637/http://www.historyofnations.net/oceania/cocos.html History of Cocos (Keeling) Islands] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060913003708/http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/duffy/arb/497-508/505.pdf Areas of individual islets] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6730047.stm The man who lost a 'coral kingdom'] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} <!--Categories--> <!--Other languages--> [[Ангилал:Кокос Арлууд| ]] [[Ангилал:Азийн арлын бүлэг]] [[Ангилал:Энэтхэгийн далайн арлын бүлэг]] [[Ангилал:Атолл]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн харьяа нутаг]] s4dptl9eiuhdz8vmll97zjuqd0q9uaz 0 9412 859921 744534 2026-06-23T17:41:59Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Дэлхийн өв |нэр =Хэрд ба Макдоналд Арлууд |infoboxwidth =250px |зураг =[[Файл:Heard Island.jpg|230px|Хэрд арал, НАСА-гийн зураг]] |зургийн_тайлбар =Хэрд арлыг сансраас авсан зураг |улс ={{AUS}} |төрөл =Байгалийн |шалгуур =viii, ix |ID =577 |гогцоо = |бүс =[[Ази, Австрали ба Далайн орнууд дахь дэлхийн өвүүд‎]] |солбицол = |он =1997 |чуулган =21 |сунгалт = |аюул = }} '''Хэрд Арал ба Макдоналд Арлууд''' ({{Lang-en|Heard Island and McDonald Islands}}, ''HIMI'' гэж товчилдог<ref name="abbr">{{cite web | author=Commonwealth of Australia | title=About Heard Island - Human Activities | url=http://www.heardisland.aq/about/human_activities.html | accessdate=2006-10-21 | archive-date=2006-10-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018120534/http://www.heardisland.aq/about/human_activities.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>) нь [[Өмнөд Далай]]д [[Мадагаскар]]аас [[Антарктид]] хүртэлхи зайн гуравны хоёр орчимд, [[Энэтхэг]]ийн Махараштра мужийн Ражапур хотоос өмнө зүгт 7718 км-т<ref>[http://gc.kls2.com/cgi-bin/gc?PATH=16.67N+73.52E+-+53S+73.5E&RANGE=&PATH-COLOR=&PATH-UNITS=km&PATH-MINIMUM=&SPEED-GROUND=&SPEED-UNITS=kts&RANGE-STYLE=best&RANGE-COLOR=&MAP-STYLE= Great Circle Mapper]</ref> [[Баруун Австрали]]йн [[Пөрт]] хотоос баруун зүгт ойролцоогоор 4099 км-т оршдог нүцгэн арлууд юм.<ref>[http://www.ga.gov.au/bin/distancedraw2?rec1=293571&placename=Perth&placetype=0&state=0&place1=HEARD+ISLAND&place1long=73.532112&place1lat=-53.099331 Cocky Flies, Geoscience Australia]</ref> Эдгээр арал нь 1947 оноос хойш [[Австрали]]йн нутаг дэвсгэр болсон бөгөөд Австралийн нутаг дэвсгэр дэх хоёрхон идэвхтэй галт уулыг агуулдгийн нэг нь болох [[Моосон оргил]] (2745 м) Австралийн хамгийн өндөр уул билээ. Тус бүлэг арлын нийт нутаг дэвсгэрийн хэмжээ 372 км² болно. == Лавлах материал == {{reflist}} == Нэмэлт унших материал == * Scholes, Arthur. (1949) ''Fourteen men; story of the Australian Antarctic Expedition to Heard Island''. Melbourne: F.W. Cheshire. * Smith, Jeremy. (1986) ''Specks in the Southern Ocean''. Armidale: University of New England Press. ISBN 0-85834-615-X == Гадны холбоос == * [http://www.heardisland.aq Heard Island and McDonald Islands official website] * [http://environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/heard-mcdonald/index.html World heritage listing for Heard Island and McDonald Islands] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080415223212/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hm.html CIA World Factbook entry] * [http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/gallery/individual.php?db_date=2004-10-05 MODIS satellite image], taken September 30, 2004 and showing a Theodore von Kármán Von Kármán vortex street in the clouds, caused by Mawson Peak's effect on the wind * [http://whc.unesco.org/pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=577 World Heritage Site entry] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060317165141/http://www.btinternet.com/~sa_sa/heard_island/heard.html Fan's page] with further historical and geographic information and a map {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} <!--Categories--> <!--Other languages--> [[Ангилал:Хэрд ба Макдоналд Арлууд| ]] [[Ангилал:Тивийн харьяагүй дэлхийн байгалийн өв]] [[Ангилал:Австрали дахь дэлхийн байгалийн өв]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн тусгай хамгаалалттай газар нутаг]] 0k2s9or353adu0dmkv691bhfxvbknpd 0 9413 859923 635737 2026-06-23T17:42:03Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859923 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Файл:Coral_Sea_Islands.png|right|300px|Шүрэн Тэнгисийн Арлуудын газрын зураг]] [[Файл:Wyspy Morza Koralowego.png|right|300px|Шүрэн Тэнгисийн Арлуудын Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн газрын зураг]] '''Шүрэн Тэнгисийн Арлуудын Нутаг Дэвсгэр''' ({{Lang-en|Coral Sea Islands Territory}}) [[Австрали]]йн [[Квийнслэнд]] муж улсаас зүүн хойд зүгт [[Шүрэн тэнгис]]т орших, их төлөв эзгүй, жижиг, халуун бүсийн арлууд болон шүрэн арлууд ордог. Цорын ганц хүн амьдардаг арал нь Виллис арал юм. Нутаг дэвсгэр нь Их Шүрэн Хаалтын гадна хөвөөнөөс зүүн ба өмнө тийш сунасан нийт 780,000 км² талбайг хамардаг бөгөөд Хералдс Бийкон арал, Осприй шүрэн арал, Виллис бүлэг арал болон бусад арван таван шүрэн арал/арлын бүлгийг багтаадаг.<ref name="Geosci">Geoscience Australia. [http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/dimensions/externalterr/coral.htm Coral Sea Islands]</ref> == Тайлбар == {{reflist}} == Гадны холбоос == * [http://www.dotars.gov.au/territories/coral_sea/history.aspx History of the Australian claim to the Coral Sea Islands] {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} {{Хөтлөгч мөр Австрали ба далайн орнууд}} [[Ангилал:Австрали ба Далайн орнуудын арлын бүлэг]] [[Ангилал:Шүрэн тэнгисийн арлын бүлэг]] [[Ангилал:Эзэнгүй арлын бүлэг]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн харьяа нутаг]] bfu3eptrhd5gcwtesm8i05o9v7fkcmp 0 9414 859919 766060 2026-06-23T17:41:25Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр}} {{Инфобокс хараат нутаг | name = Норфолк Арал | official_name = Норфолк Арлын Нутаг Дэвсгэр<br />{{nobold|''Teratri a' Norf'k Ailen'' ([[Норфук хэл|Норфук]])}}<ref>Buffett, Alice, ''An Encyclopædia of the Norfolk Island Language'', 1999</ref> | settlement_type = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр]] | image_flag = Flag of Norfolk Island.svg | flag_size = 130px | flag_type = Төрийн далбаа | flag_link = Норфолк Арлын төрийн далбаа | image_seal = Coat of arms of Norfolk Island.svg | seal_size = 85px | seal_type = Сүлд | seal_link = Норфолк Арлын төрийн сүлд | motto = "Inasmuch"<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.norfolkislandgovernment.com/ | title=The Legislative Assembly of Norfolk Island | access-date=18 October 2014 |url-status = dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218020341/http://norfolkislandgovernment.com/ | archive-date=18 December 2014}}</ref> | anthem = "[[Австралийн төрийн дуулал|Advance Australia Fair]]"<br>[[File:U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair (instrumental).ogg]] | song_type = Territorial anthems | song = "[[Питкэрн Арлуудын дуулал|Come Ye Blessed]]"<br>"[[Их Британийн төрийн дуулал|Бурхан Хааныг Аврагтун]]"<br>[[File:United States Navy Band - God Save the King.oga]] | image_map = Australia on the globe (Norfolk Island special) (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg | map_alt = Норфолк Арлын байршил | map_caption = Норфолк Арлын байршил | subdivision_type = [[Бүрэн эрхт улс]] | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | established_title = [[Тасманийн колони|Тасманиас]] тусгаарлав | established_date = 11 сарын 1, 1856 он | established_title2 = Австрали руу шилжүүлэв | established_date2 = 7 сарын 1, 1914 он | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Англи хэл|Англи]]|[[Норфук хэл]]<ref name="language act">{{cite web |url=http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc |title=Norfolk Island Language (Norf'k) Act 2004 |url-status =dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725040011/http://www.info.gov.nf/legislation/NumberedActs/2004/NorfolkIslandLanguage(Norf%27k)Act2004.doc |archive-date=25 July 2008}}</ref>}} | capital = [[Кингстон, Норфолк Арал|Кингстон]] | largest_settlement = [[Бернт-Пайн]] | largest_settlement_type = хот | coordinates = {{Coord|-29.056|167.961|type:city_region:NF}} | demonym = [[Норфолк арлынхан]]<ref name="demonym">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/norfolk-island/|title=Norfolk Island|website=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|date=16 October 2012|access-date=27 October 2012|archive-date=18 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118050134/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/norfolk-island/|url-status=live}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{hlist|[[Norfolk Islanders]]<br>[[English people|English]]<br>[[Pitcairn Islanders|Pitcairn Islander]]<br>[[New Zealanders|New Zealander]]<br>[[Scottish people|Scottish]]<br>[[Irish people|Irish]]<br>[[Fijian people|Fijian]]<ref>{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC90004?opendocument |wayback=20171002215750 |text=2016 Census QuickStats |archiv-bot=2023-12-29 03:10:17 InternetArchiveBot }} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002215750/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/SSC90004?opendocument |date=2 October 2017 }} – Norfolk Island – Ancestry, top responses</ref>}} | ethnic_groups_year = [[2016 оны Австралийн хүн амын тооллого|2016]] | religion = {{plainlist| * [[Христийн шашин|Христ]] (56%) * [[Шашин шүтэхгүй байдал|Шашингүй]] (35.7%)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL90004 | title=2021 Norfolk Island, Census All persons QuickStats &#124; Australian Bureau of Statistics }}</ref> }} | government_type = [[Шууд удирдлага|Шууд удирдагддаг]] [[Хараат нутаг дэвсгэр|хараат нутаг]] | leader_title1 = [[Австралийн хаант засаг|Хаан]] | leader_name1 = [[III Чарльз]] | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн амбан захирагч|Амбан Захирагч]] | leader_name2 = [[Дэвид Херли]] | leader_title3 = [[Норфолк Арлын захирагч|Захирагч]] | leader_name3 = Жорж Плант | national_representation = [[Австралийн Парламент]] | national_representation_type1 = [[Австралийн Сенат|Сенат]] | national_representation1 = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн сенаторын жагсаалт|АННД-ийн сенаторууд]] төлөөлдөг (2016 оноос) | national_representation_type2 = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Австрали)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | national_representation2 = [[Биний Хэлтэсд]] багтсан (2018 оноос) | area_km2 = 34.6 | area_sq_mi = 13.3 | percent_water = бага | elevation_max_m = 319 | elevation_max_ft = | population_estimate = | population_census = 2,188<ref name="ABS2021"/> | population_estimate_year = | population_census_rank = - | population_census_year = 2021 | population_density_km2 = 61.9 | population_density_sq_mi = 161 | population_density_rank = - | GDP_PPP = | GDP_PPP_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = | GDP_PPP_per_capita = | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | GDP_nominal =$60,209,320<ref>{{Cite book|last=KPMG|url=https://www.regional.gov.au/territories/norfolk_island/norfolk-island-economy/files/Monitoring_the_Norfolk_Island_Economy.pdf|title=Monitoring the Norfolk Island Economy|publisher=Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Cities and Regional Development|year=2019|location=Norfolk Islands|pages=4|access-date=9 August 2021|archive-date=9 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210809095625/https://www.regional.gov.au/territories/norfolk_island/norfolk-island-economy/files/Monitoring_the_Norfolk_Island_Economy.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> | GDP_nominal_rank = | GDP_nominal_year =2016 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = | currency = [[Австрали доллар]] ($) | currency_code = AUD | timezone = [[Австрали дахь цаг#Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр|НФАЦ]] | utc_offset = +11:00 | timezone_DST = [[Австрали дахь цаг#Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр|НФАЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +12:00 | drives_on = зүүн | calling_code = [[Норфолк Арал дахь утасны дугаар|+672]] | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код#Гадаад нутаг дэвсгэр|Шуудангийн код]] | postal_code = NSW 2899 | iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:NF|NF]] | cctld = [[.nf]] }} [[Файл:Norfolk Island Philip Island.jpg|right|thumb|frame|Норфолк арлын үзэгдэх байдал. Цаана нь Нипийн, Филлип арлууд харагдана.]] '''Норфолк Арал''' ({{Lang-en|Norfolk Island}}, [[Норфук хэл]]: ''Norfuk Ailen'') нь [[Номхон Далай]]д [[Австрали]], [[Шинэ Зеланд]], [[Шинэ Каледони]]йн дунд орших хүн суурьшсан жижиг арал юм. Энэ арал зэргэлдээх хоёр арлын хамт Австралийн гадаад нутаг дэвсгэрийн нэгийг бүрдүүлдэг. Тус арлын далбаан дээр байдаг арлын бэлэг тэмдэг болсон Норфолк арлын нарс нь мөнх ногоон мод бөгөөд үүнтэй ойр төрлийн хоёр мод ургадаг Австралид ихэд алдаршсан юм. == Лавлах материал == * Anderson, Atholl J., ''The Prehistoric Archaeology of Norfolk Island, Southwest Pacific'', Canberra, Australian National Museum, 2001. * [[Andrew Kippis]], ''The Life and Voyages of Captain James Cook'', Westminster 1788, Reprint London and New York 1904, pp. 246 ff History of penal settlements: * [[Manning Clark|Clark, Manning]], ''A History of Australia'', Vols. I–III, [[Melbourne]], [[Melbourne University Press]], 1962, 1968, 1973. * [[Margaret Hazzard|Hazzard, Margaret]], ''Punishment Short of Death: a history of the penal settlement at Norfolk Island'', Melbourne, Hyland, 1984. (ISBN 0-908090-64-1) * [[Robert Studley Forrest Hughes|Hughes, Robert]], ''The Fatal Shore'', London, Pan, 1988. (ISBN 0-330-29892-5) * [[Reg Wright|Wright, R.]], ''The Forgotten Generation of Norfolk Island and Van Diemen's Land'', Sydney, [[Library of Australian History]], 1986. * [[Marcus Clarke|Clarke, Marcus]], ''For the Term of his Natural Life'' ([[novel]]) == Тайлбар == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|Norfolk Island}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090521234001/http://www.norfolk.gov.nf/ Official government website] * [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Norfolk_Island Norfolk Island] at [[Wikivoyage]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011044527/http://www.theguidesnorfolkisland.nf/ The Guides to Norfolk Island] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071024132137/http://www.dmoz.org/Regional/Oceania/Norfolk_Island/ Open Directory Project - ''Norfolk Island''] directory category * [http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/aa/aa0114_full.html Norfolk Island subtropical forests], from the [[WWF (conservation organization)|WWF]] * [http://www.dotars.gov.au/terr/norfolk/government.aspx Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071121062358/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ncet/norfolkgov/report.htm Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?: Inquiry into Governance on Norfolk Island] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207081600/http://www.aph.gov.au/house/committee/ncet/norfolkgovpart2/report.htm Inquiry into Governance on Norfolk Island: Part 2 - Financial Sustainability of Current Governance Arrangements] * [http://anglicanhistory.org/oceania/ni/ Anglican history on Norfolk Island] Primary texts and photographs * [http://anglicanhistory.org/oceania/campbell_norfolk1879.html Norfolk Island and Its Inhabitants] 1879 account by Joseph Campbell {{Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд}} {{Хөтлөгч мөр Австрали ба далайн орнууд}} [[Ангилал:Норфолк Арал| ]] [[Ангилал:Австрали ба Далайн орнуудын арал]] [[Ангилал:Номхон далайн арал]] [[Ангилал:Шүрэн тэнгисийн арал]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн харьяа нутаг]] 7b22ti8vbstziv9soacmae3om0xglm7 0 10259 859896 836738 2026-06-23T14:16:57Z 663highland 4600 859896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс суурин | name = Хакодатэ | official_name = | native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|ja|函館市}}}} | settlement_type = [[Японы гол хотууд|Гол хот]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | perrow = 2/1/2 | border = infobox | total_width = 290 | caption_align = center | image1 = Goryokaku fort retouched 20060814-001.jpg | caption1 = [[Горёкаку]] | image2 = HakodateChurchFrontView.jpg | caption2 = Хакодатэ сүм | image3 = Play of fireworks and night scenes in Hakodate.jpg | caption3 = [[Хакодатэ уул]]наас харагдах шөнийн хот | image4 = Gtwintower.JPG | caption4 = Горёкаку цамхаг | image5 = 120726 Hachimanzaka Hakodate Hokkaido pref Japan01s3.jpg | caption5 = Хачиман-Зака болон далайн боомт | color = white }} | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_flag = Flag of Hakodate, Hokkaido.svg | flag_alt = | image_seal = Emblem of Hakodate, Hokkaido.svg | seal_alt = | image_shield = | shield_alt = | image_blank_emblem = | nickname = | motto = | image_map = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=9}} | image_map1 = Hakodate in Hokkaido Prefecture Ja.svg | map_alt = | map_caption = <small>[[Хоккайдо]]гийн [[Ошима тойрог|Ошима]] дахь Хакодатэгийн байршил</small> | pushpin_map = Япон | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|41|46|07|N|140|43|44|E|region:JP-01|display=it}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = {{flag|Япон}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Японы бүсийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Японы аймгууд|Аймаг]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name1 = [[Хоккайдо]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Хоккайдо]] ([[Ошима тойрог]]) | subdivision_name3 = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Хотын дарга | leader_name = Оизүми Жүн <small>(2023 оны 4 сараас)</small> | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = 677.86 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Where is Hakodate, Japan? |url=https://www.worldatlas.com/as/jp/01/where-is-hakodate.html |website=worldatlas.com |access-date=2019-06-10 |archive-date=2019-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191021045626/https://www.worldatlas.com/as/jp/01/where-is-hakodate.html |url-status=live}}</ref> | elevation_m = 15 | population_total = 239,813 | population_as_of = 1 сарын 31, 2024 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_demonym = | population_note = | timezone1 = [[Японы Стандарт Цаг]] | utc_offset1 = +9 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | area_code_type = | blank_name_sec1 = Утасны дугаар | blank_info_sec1 = 0138-21-3111 | blank1_name_sec1 = Хаяг | blank1_info_sec1 = 4-13 Шинономэ-чо, Хакодатэ хот, Хоккайдо <br/> 040-8666 | blank_name_sec2 = [[Коппений уур амьсгалын ангилал|Уур амьсгал]] | blank_info_sec2 = [[Чийглэг субтропикийн уур амьсгал|Cfa]] | website = {{URL|http://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/}} | footnotes = }} '''Хакодатэ''' (<small>[[Япон хэл|Японоор]]</small> 函館) нь [[Япон]]ы [[Хоккайдо]]гийн өмнөд хэсэгт орших хот юм. Хоккайдодоо [[хүн ам]]аараа [[Саппоро]], [[Асахикава]]гийн дараа 3-т орох том хот болно. [[Загас агнуур]], [[аялал жуулчлал]] их хөгжсөн. Далайн түвшнээс дээш 334м өргөгдсөн [[Хакодатэ уул]]наас харагдах шөнийн үзэмж нь тун үзэсгэлэнтэй. [[2015]] онд [[Аомори]]-Хакодатэгийн хооронд [[шинкансэн|хурданы төмөр зам]] тавигдсан байхаар төлөвлөгджээ. == Эх сурвалж == <references/> [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Хоккайдо аймгийн коммун]] [[Ангилал:Хакодатэ| ]] [[Ангилал:Хоккайдо мужийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Японы урьдын нийслэл]] [[Ангилал:Японы хот]] d5p06fvhp4szko1qjwp9bs2q1rsni9h 0 10699 859973 851806 2026-06-23T23:13:47Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Европын улс}} {{энэ гарчиг}} {{Инфобокс улс | conventional_long_name = Румын | common_name = Румын | native_name = {{native name|ro|România}} | image_flag = Flag of Romania.svg | flag_type = [[Румыны төрийн далбаа|Төрийн далбаа]] | image_coat = Coat of arms of Romania.svg | coa_size = 70 | symbol_type = [[Румыны төрийн сүлд|Сүлд]] | national_anthem = "[[Румыны төрийн дуулал|Deșteaptă-te, române!]]"<br />("Румынчууд аа, сэрцгээ!")<br /> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">[[File:Desteapta-te, romane!.ogg]]</div> | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:EU-Romania (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Дэлхийн бөмбөрцөг|[[File:EU-Romania.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Европын газрын зураг|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption|location_color=хар ногоон|region=Европ|region_color=хар саарал|subregion=[[Европын Холбоо]]|subregion_color=ногоон|legend=EU-Romania.svg}} | capital = [[Бухарест]] | coordinates = {{Coord|44|25|N|26|06|E|type:city}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = [[Румын хэл]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_2&par1=1#t1c0s0a13|title=Constitution of Romania|publisher=Cdep.ro|access-date=2 October 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907214119/http://www.cdep.ro/pls/dic/site.page?den=act2_2&par1=1#t1c0s0a13|archive-date=7 September 2017}}</ref> | languages2_type = Зөвшөөрөгдсөн цөөнхийн<br />хэл<!--Protected and/or co-official (regional) languages--><ref>{{cite web|title=Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 – European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages|url=http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=63PpH3zN|website=Council of Europe|access-date=3 December 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208122308/http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/148/declarations?p_auth=63PpH3zN|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref> | languages2 = {{Collapsible list | titlestyle=background:transparent;text-align:left;font-weight:normal; | title= ''Жагсаалт:'' | [[Албани хэл]] | [[Армени хэл]] | [[Болгар хэл]] | [[Герман хэл]] | [[Грек хэл]] | [[Идиш хэл]] | [[Итали хэл]] | [[Македон хэл]] | [[Орос хэл]] | [[Польш хэл]] | [[Русин хэл]] | [[Серби хэл]] | [[Словак хэл]] | [[Крымын татар хэл|Татар хэл]] | [[Турк хэл]] | [[Украин хэл]] | [[Унгар хэл]] | [[Хорват хэл]] | [[Цыган хэл]] | [[Чех хэл]] }} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 89.3% [[Румынчууд]] | 6.0% [[Румын дахь унгарчууд‎|Унгарчууд‎]] | 3.4% [[Румын дахь цыганууд|Цыган]] | 1.2% [[Румыны цөөнх|Бусад]] }} | ethnic_groups_year = [[2021 оны Румыны хүн амын тооллого|2021]] | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref name="Census2021"/> | demonym = [[Румынчууд]] | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |{{Tree list}} * 84.8% [[Христийн шашин|Христ]] ** 73.4% [[Румыны Үнэн алдартны сүм|Румыны Ортодокс]] ** 6.2% [[Протестант урсгал|Протестант]] ** 4.5% [[Румын дахь католик сүм|Католик]] ** 0.7% Бусад [[Христийн урсгалын жагсаалт|урсгал]] {{Tree list/end}} |9% Мэдээллээгүй/Шашингүй |5% Мэдээлэлгүй |0.5% [[Румын дахь шашин шүтлэг|Бусад]] }} | religion_year = [[2021 оны Румыны хүн амын тооллого|2021]] | religion_ref = <ref name="Census2021"/> | government_type = [[Нэгдмэл улс|Нэгдмэл]] [[Холимог засаглалын систем|хагас-ерөнхийлөгчийн]] [[бүгд найрамдах улс]] | leader_title1 = [[Румыны ерөнхийлөгч|Ерөнхийлөгч]] | leader_name1 = [[Никушор Дан]] | leader_title2 = [[Румыны Ерөнхий сайд|Ерөнхий Сайд]] | leader_name2 = [[Марчел Чолаку]] | legislature = [[Румыны Парламент|Парламент]] | upper_house = [[Румыны Сенат|Сенат]] | lower_house = [[Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим (Румын)|Төлөөлөгчдийн танхим]] | sovereignty_type = [[Румыны түүх|Түүх]] | established_event1 = [[Валлахи]] | established_date1 = 1330 | established_event2 = [[Молдав (бүс нутаг)|Молдав]] | established_date2 = 1346 | established_event3 = [[Валлахи болон Молдавын нэгдэл|Жижиг холбоо]] | established_date3 = 1 сарын 24, 1859 | established_event4 = [[Османы эзэнт гүрэн|Османы эзэнт гүрнээс]] [[Румыны тусгаар тогтнолын дайн|Де-юре тусгаар тогтнов]] | established_date4 = 1877/1878 оны 5 сарын 9 | established_event5 = [[Их Холбоо]] | established_date5 = 1918/1921 оны 12 сарын 1 | established_event6 = [[Румыны хаант улс|Цэргийн дарангуйлал]] | established_date6 = 1941 | established_event7 = [[Бүгд Найрамдах Социалист Румын Улс|Коммунист Румын]] | established_date7 = 12 сарын 30% 1947 | established_event8 = [[НҮБ]]-д [[НҮБ-ын Аюулгүйн Зөвлөлийн 109-р тогтоол|элсэв]] | established_date8 = 12 сарын 14, 1955 | established_event9 = [[Румыны хувьсгал|Одоогийн засаглалын хэлбэр]] | established_date9 = 12 сарын 27, 1989<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IsJADwAAQBAJ&pg=PA218|title=Political Leadership: A Pragmatic Institutionalist Approach|first=Robert|last=Elgie|date=28 November 2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781137346223|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Qu3TAAAAMAAJ&q=emblem|title=Romania Directory|date=1 April 1990|publisher=Editura Cronos|isbn=9789739000000|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/20050|title=DECRET-LEGE 2 27/12/1989 - Portal Legislativ|website=legislatie.just.ro}}</ref> | established_event13 = [[Румыны Үндсэн хууль|Үндсэн хуулиа баталсан]] | established_date13 = 12 сарын 8, 1991 | established_event14 = [[Европын Холбоо]]нд [[2007 оны Европын Холбооны өргөжилт|нэгдэв]] | established_date14 = 1 сарын 1, 2007 | area_km2 = 238,397 | area_footnote = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/anuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte-ed.2022.pdf |title=Romanian Statistical Yearbook (2022) – 1.8 Administrative organisation of Romanian territory, on December 31, 2021 (pg.17)|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INS]] (www.insse.ro/cms/en) |access-date=20 March 2023 |url-status=live|archive-date=20 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320054533/https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/anuarul_statistic_al_romaniei_carte-ed.2022.pdf}}</ref> | area_rank = 81 <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 92,043 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | percent_water = 3 | population_estimate = {{Increase}}19,892,812 | population_census = {{decreaseNeutral}} 19,053,815<ref name="Census2021">{{cite web|url=https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/com_presa/com_pdf/cp-date-provizorii-rpl2021.pdf|title=2021 Romanian Census (preliminary results)|publisher=INSSE|access-date=7 January 2023|language=ro}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 63 | population_census_year = [[2021 оны Румыны хүн амын тооллого|2021]] | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 79.9 | population_density_sq_mi = 218.6 <!--Do not remove per [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers]]--> | population_density_rank = 136 | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $783.903 тэрбум<ref name="IMFWEORO"/> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 35 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $41,633<ref name="IMFWEORO"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 47 | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $348.902 тэрбум<ref name="IMFWEORO">{{cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/weo-report?c=968,&s=NGDPD,%20PPPGDP,%20NGDPDPC,%20PPPPC,&sy=2019&ey=2025&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2023 Edition. (Romania) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=IMF.org |archive-date=11 April 2023 |access-date=11 April 2023 }}</ref> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 45 | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $18,530<ref name="IMFWEORO"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 54 | Gini = 34.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2021 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name=eurogini>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tessi190/default/table?lang=en |title=Gini coefficient of equivalised disposable income – EU-SILC survey|publisher=[[Eurostat]] |website=ec.europa.eu |access-date=16 August 2022}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.821 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2021<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = decrease <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="UNHDR">{{cite web|url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2021-22pdf_1.pdf|title=Human Development Report 2021/2022|language=en|publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]|date=8 September 2022|access-date=8 September 2022}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 53 | currency = [[Румын лей]] | currency_code = RON | time_zone = [[Зүүн Европын Цаг|ЗЕЦ]] | utc_offset = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +3 | time_zone_DST = [[Зүүн Европын Зуны Цаг|ЗЕЗЦ]] | date_format = өө.сс.жжжж&nbsp;([[Манай эрин|МЭ]]) | drives_on = Баруун | calling_code = [[Румын дахь утасны дугаар|+40]] | patron_saint = [[Andrew the Apostle|Saint Andrew]] | iso3166code = RO | cctld = [[.ro]]^a | footnote_a = [[Европын Холбоо]]ны бусад гишүүн орнуудтай хамт [[.eu]] домэйныг мөн ашигладаг. | today = }} '''Румын''' нь [[Зүүн Европ]], Зүүн Өмнөд Европ болон [[Төв Европ|Төв Европын]] заагт орших [[улс]] юм. Баруун урд талаараа [[Серби]], баруун талаараа [[Унгар]], хойд талаараа [[Украин]], зүүн хойд талаараа [[Молдав]], өмнө талаараа [[Болгар]] улсуудтай хиллэх бөгөөд зүүн талаараа [[Хар тэнгис]] ээр хүрээлэгдэнэ. [[Нийслэл]] нь [[Бухарест]] хот. 2022 оны байдлаар 19 орчим сая хүн амтай улс. Зүүн Европын слав гаралтай улсууд дунд орших Ром гаралтай улс бөгөөд цорын ганц [[албан ёсны хэл]] нь [[румын хэл]] юм. [[Үнэн алдартны шашин|Үнэн алдартны шашны]] нөлөө ихтэй. [[Төрийн далбаа]] нь [[Чад]]ын төрийн далбаатай андуурагдах тохиолдол их байдаг ч Румыны төрийн далбааны цэнхэр өнгө нь арай бүдэг юм. [[1989]] онд [[ардчилал|ардчилсан системд]] шилжих хүртэл төрийн далбааны голд нь тэр үеийн [[төрийн сүлд]] нь дүрслэгдсэн байдаг байв. == Нэршил == Албан ёсны нэр нь румын хэлээр {{lang|ro|Romвnia}}, [[монгол хэл]]ээр Румын гэдэг. Уг нэр нь "[[Ром]]чуудын нутаг" хэмээх утгатай. Хуучин нэрүүдийг нь доор оруулав: * [[1947]]-[[1965]] '''Бүгд Найрамдах Румын Ард Улс''' * [[1965]]-[[1989]] '''Бүгд Найрамдах Социалист Румын Улс''' * [[1989]]- '''Румын Улс''' == Түүх == {{sectstub}} {{гол|Румыны түүх}} ''Мөн [[Молдавын түүх]]ийг үзнэ үү.'' [[Зураг:Dacia 82 BC.png|thumb|Эртний Даки]] [[Зураг:Vlad_Tepes_002.jpg|thumb|[[Влад Цепеш]] буюу [[Дракула]]]] Эрт цагт дакичууд Румыны нутагт оршин суудаг байв. Улмаар [[Ромын эзэнт гүрэн|Ромын эзэнт гүрний]] мэдэлд багтсанаар Румын хэмээх нэр үүсчээ. == Засаг захиргааны хуваарь == Румын засаг захиргааны хувьд 41 тойрог, 1 нийслэл ([[Бухарест]])-д хуваагдана. {{Румыны тойргийн газрын зураг}} == Газар зүй == [[Зураг:Ro-map.png|thumb|Румыны газрын зураг]] [[Серби]], [[Болгар]] улстай хиллэх хил нь ерөнхийдөө [[Дунай мөрөн|Дунай мөрний]] дагуу байдаг. [[Молдав]]тай хиллэх хил болох [[Прут гол]] нь Дунай мөрөнтэй нийлж, [[Хар тэнгис]]т цутгана. Дунай мөрний адаг дельт нь тусгай хамгаалалттай. Румыны нутгийн 34%-ийг уулс, 33%-ийг толгод, 33%-ийг тал газар эзэлнэ. Тус улсын төвд [[Карпатын нуруу]] Трансильваний тэгш өндөрлөгөөр хүрээлэгдэн оршино. Карпатын нуруунд далайн түвшнээс дээш 2,000 м-ээс өндөр 14 оргил бий. Хамгийн өндөр Молдовяну оргил нь 2,544 м өндөр юм. == Хүн ам == [[Зураг:Romania demography 1961-2010.svg|thumb|1961-2003 оны хүн амын өөрчлөлтийн график]] Оршин суугчдын 89% нь [[Румын үндэстэн|румын]], 6% нь [[мажар үндэстэн|мажар]], 2% нь [[цыган үндэстэн]] болно. Мөн [[Сербүүд|серб]], [[Украйн үндэстэн|украйн]], [[Герман үндэстэн|герман]], [[Турк үндэстэн|турк]], [[Татар үндэстэн|татар]], [[Словак үндэстэн|словак]], [[Болгар үндэстэн|болгар]], [[Орос үндэстэн|орос]], [[Еврей үндэстэн|еврей]]чүүд цөөн тоотой бий. Румынчууд нь эртний [[Даки үндэстэн|даки]] болон шилжин суурьшсан [[цыган үндэстэн|цыгануудын]] цус холилдож үүссэн гэж үздэг ч хүлээн зөвшөөрдөггүй хүмүүс бий. Мажаруудын ихэнх нь Унгартай газар нутгийн маргаантай [[Трансильвани]]д амьдардаг. [[Николай Чаушеску|Чаушескугийн]] засаглалын үед төрөлтийг дэмжих бодлого баримталж, Балканы хойгийн хамгийн их хүн амтай улс болсон ч зах зээлийн системд шилжсэний дараа хүүхдээ өсгөж хүчрэхгүй болсон эцэг эхчүүд хүүхдээ хаях үзэгдэл их гарсан билээ. === Дэлхийн өв === Румыны нутагт [[ЮНЕСКО]]-гийн [[Дэлхийн өв]]ийн жагсаалтад бүртгэгдсэн соёлын өв 6, байгалийн өв 1 бий. <gallery> Зураг:Delta Dunarii 500.jpg|[[Дунай мөрний дельт]] - (1991) Зураг:RomanianSaxonianChurchTartlau Prejmer0015jpg.JPG|Цайз-сүмүүд бүхий Трансильваний тосгод - (1993, 1999 онд өргөтгөсөн) Зураг:Horezu church.jpg|[[Хорезу сүм]] - (1993) Зураг:Ihopulele EOS 30D0173 Voronet.jpg|Молдавын хойд хэсгийн ханын зураг бүхий сүмүүд - (1993) Зураг:Sighisoara IMG 5622.jpg|[[Сигисоарагийн түүхэн бүс нутаг]] - (1999) Зураг:Sarmizegetusa temples.jpg|Дакичуудын цайз - (1999) </gallery> == Тэмдэглэл == {{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}} == Эшлэл == <references/> {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Romвnia}} * [http://www.gov.ro/main/index/l/2/ Румыны засгийн газар] * [http://www.presidency.ro/ Румыны ерөнхийлөгч] ; Засгийн газар * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091026201421/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-r/romania.html Төрийн тэргүүн болон түүний кабинет] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061228063121/http://www.parlament.ro/index_en.html Румыны парламент] * [http://www.ccr.ro/default.aspx?lang=EN Румыны Үндсэн хуулийн цэц] ; Ерөнхий мэдээлэл * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/1057466.stm Country Profile] from BBC News * [http://www.state.gov/p/eur/ci/ro/ Romania] information from the United States Department of State * [http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/european/romania/ro.html Portals to the World] from the United States Library of Congress * [http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/romania.htm Romania] at ''UCB Libraries GovPubs'' ; Эдийн засаг болон хууль * [http://www.bnro.ro/En/Info/curs_ext.asp Exchange Rates] – from the National Bank of Romania * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070813000417/http://www.dreptonline.ro/resurse/resource.php Romanian Law and Miscellaneous - English] ; Соёл урлаг ба түүх * [http://www.badley.info/history/Romania.index.html Chronology of Romania from the World History Database] * [http://www.ici.ro/romania/en/index.html ICI.ro - A comprehensive site about Romania] * [http://www.theeuropeanlibrary.org/portal/libraries/Libraries.php?launch=1&language=en&page=Treasures&country=Romania Treasures of the national library of Romania] ; Жуулчлал * [http://www.romaniatourism.com/ Official Romanian Tourism Website] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100820064355/http://www.the-romanian-beauty.com/ The Romanian Beauty] {{Европ}} {{ЕАБХАБ-ын гишүүн улсууд}} {{Хөтлөгч мөр Европын холбооны улсууд}} {{Хөтлөгч мөр Хар тэнгисийн эдийн засгийн хамтын ажиллагааны байгууллага}} [[Ангилал:Румын| ]] [[Ангилал:Европын орон]] [[Ангилал:Европын зөвлөлийн гишүүн]] [[Ангилал:Европын Холбооны гишүүн орон]] [[Ангилал:Нэгдсэн Үндэстний Байгууллагын гишүүн орон]] jphwwodnfpjl5t0ylsiwnraw4xwsnh8 0 11118 859998 846515 2026-06-24T09:06:15Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Чехийн хот}} {{Инфобокс суурин | name = Опава | other_name = | settlement_type = [[Онцгой эрхт хот (Чех)|Онцгой эрхт хот]] <!-- images --> | image_skyline = Horní náměstí, Opawa, Opava-Město (1).jpg | image_caption = Дээд талбай | image_flag = Opava Flag.svg | image_shield = Opava CoA.svg <!-- location --> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = {{CZE}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Чехийн мужууд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Морави-Силези муж|Морави-Силези]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Чехийн тойргууд|Тойрог]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Опава тойрог|Опава]] <!-- maps and coordinates --> | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = Чех | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_map_caption = Чех дэх байршил | coordinates = {{coord|49|56|17|N|17|54|16|E|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = <!-- government type, leaders --> | leader_title = Хотын дарга | leader_name = Томаш Навратил | leader_party = [[ANO 2011|ANO]] <!-- established --> | established_title = Анх дурдагдсан | established_date = 1195 <!-- area --> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 90.57 <!-- elevation --> | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 257 <!-- population --> | population_as_of = 2026-01-01 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population in municipalities as at 1. 1.|url=https://data.csu.gov.cz/datastat/data/VYBER/OBY02AT02|work=DataStat|publisher=[[Чехийн Статистикийн Алба]]|date=2026-05-18}}</ref> | population_total = 54881 | population_density_km2 = auto <!-- time zone(s) --> | timezone1 = [[Төв Европын Цаг|ТЕЦ]] | utc_offset1 = +1 | timezone1_DST = [[Төв Европын Зуны Цаг|ТЕЗЦ]] | utc_offset1_DST = +2 <!-- postal codes, area code --> | postal_code_type = Шуудангийн код | postal_code = 746 01 | area_code_type = | area_code = <!-- website, footnotes --> | website = {{URL|https://www.opava-city.cz/}} | footnotes = }} '''Опава''' ({{Lang-cs|Opava}}, {{lang-de|Troppau}}, {{lang-pl|Opawa}}) нь [[Бүгд Найрамдах Чех Улс]]ын зүүн хойд хэсэгт орших хот юм. Чех [[Силези]]йн түүхэн нийслэл тус хот нь өдгөө [[Морави-Силези муж]]ийн төв болно. == Газар зүй == Хот далайн түвшнээс дээш 247 метрийн өндөрт, Опава голын баруун хөвөөнд оршино. == Tүүх == === Дундад зуун === 12-р зуунд [[Храдец над Моравици|Моравицийн цайзын]] хойд хэсгээр Морави-Польшийн худалдааны зам [[Опава гол]]ыг анх гатлав. Голын цаад талын тэгш хөндийд энэ зууны төгсгөл хүртэл [[Хенрих I Бородаты|Хенрих I]]-ийн нутагтаа авчирсан германы цагаачдыг суурьшуулжээ. 1195 онд хамгийн анх энэ хот нь „Опави“ хэмээх нэрээр дурдагдсан байдаг байна. Худалдаа ба гар урлалын хурдацтай хөгжсөнөөр тун удалгүй төв суурин болон хөгжсөн учраас [[Бохеми]]йн хан [[Оттокар I Пржемысл|Оттокар]] [[Магдебургийн эрх|Магдебургийн хотын эрхийг]] авч Бохемийн [[Хант Улс (Бохеми)|Хант Улс]] болжээ. Оршин суугчдын дийлэнх германчууд байснаас гадна чехүүд болон еврейчүүд бас амьдарч байлаа. == Цахим хуудас == {{commonscat|Opava|Опава}} * [http://www.opava-city.cz/ Опава хотын цахим хуудас] == Эшлэл == <references /> [[Ангилал:Опава окресын суурин]] [[Ангилал:Опава| ]] [[Ангилал:Морави-Силези мужийн коммун]] [[Ангилал:Силезийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн хот]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн их сургуулийн хот]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн урьдын нийслэл]] [[Ангилал:1224 онд байгуулагдсан]] 698tktrg630b8j4jby4x9np8y5yvn68 10 12148 859879 858356 2026-06-23T12:16:48Z CommonsDelinker 211 [[File:Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg]]-г [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]]-р сольж байна. Сольсон хэрэглэгч нь [[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]], шалтгаан нь: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the Stat 859879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Перу | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-spain = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg | flag alias-1820 = Flag of Tacna Regiment (1820 proposal).svg | flag alias-1821 = Flag of Peru (1821-1822).svg | flag alias-1822 = Flag of Peru (1822).svg | flag alias-1822a = Flag of Peru (1822–1825).svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg | flag alias-confederation = Flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.svg | flag alias-north = Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg | link alias-north = Умард Перу | flag alias-south = Flag of South Peru.svg | link alias-south = Өмнөд Перу | flag alias-1884 = Flag of Peru (1884–1950).svg | flag alias-state = War flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-football = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Peruvian Army.svg | link alias-army = Перугийн арми | flag alias-naval= Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-naval = Перугийн тэнгисийн цэргийн хүчин | flag alias-air force= Flag of the Peruvian Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Перугийн агаарын цэргийн хүчин | flag alias-military=State flag of Peru.svg | link alias-military=Перугийн зэвсэгт хүчин | flag alias-marines = Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-marines = Перугийн тэнгисийн явган цэрэг | flag alias-navy = War flag of Peru.svg | link alias-navy = Перугийн тэнгисийн цэргийн хүчин | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = spain | var2 = 1820 | var3 = 1821 | var4 = 1822 | var5 = 1822a | var6 = 1825 | var7 = confederation | var8 = north | var9 = south | var10 = 1884 | var11 = state | var12 = football | redir1 = PER </noinclude> }} bsoyw6zep035f3nkecb9e2b6liye92h 0 12948 859895 846639 2026-06-23T13:59:23Z CommonsDelinker 211 [[File:EPP_Political_Assembly,_13_&_14_January_2025_(54265908219)_(cropped).jpg]]-г [[File:Yulia_Tymoshenko_at_EPP_Political_Assembly,_13_&_14_January_2025_(54265908219).jpg]]-р сольж байна. Сольсон хэрэглэгч нь [[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]], 859895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Украины ерөнхий сайд (2005, 2007–2010)}} {{Инфобокс албан тушаалтан | name = Юлия Тимошенко | native_name = {{nobold|Юлія Тимошенко}} | image = Yulia Tymoshenko at EPP Political Assembly, 13 & 14 January 2025 (54265908219).jpg | caption = Тимошенко 2025 онд | office = [[Украины Ерөнхий Сайд]] | president = {{ubli|[[Виктор Ющенко]] | [[Виктор Янукович]]}} | deputy = [[Александр Турчинов]] | term_start = 2007 оны 12 сарын 18 | term_end = 2010 оны 3 сарын 4 | predecessor = Виктор Янукович | successor = Александр Турчинов (үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч) | president1 = Виктор Ющенко | deputy1 = [[Анатолий Кинах]] | term_start1 = 2005 оны 1 сарын 24 | term_end1 = 2005 оны 9 сарын 8 <br /> Үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч: 2005 оны 1 сарын 24 – 2005 оны 2 сарын 4 | predecessor1 = [[Микола Азаров]] (үүрэг гүйцэтгэгч) | successor1 = [[Юрий Ехануров]] | office2 = [[Эрчим хүч, нүүрсний уурхайн яам (Украин)|Эрчим хүч, нүүрсний уурхай]] хариуцсан шадар сайд | president2 = [[Леонид Кучма]] | primeminister2 = Виктор Ющенко | term_start2 = 1999 оны 12 сарын 30 | term_end2 = 2001 оны 1 сарын 19 | successor2 = | office3 = [[Украины Ардын депутат]] | term_start3 = 2014 оны 11 сарын 27 | term4 = 2007 оны 11 сарын 23 – 2007 оны 12 сарын 19 | term5 = 2006 оны 5 сарын 25 – 2007 оны 6 сарын 14 | term6 = 2002 оны 5 сарын 14 – 2005 оны 2 сарын 4 | term7 = 1997 оны 1 сарын 16 – 2000 оны 3 сарын 2 | birth_name = Юлия Владимировна Григян | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|11|27}} | birth_place = [[Днепропетровск]], [[ЗСБН Украин Улс]], Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[Бүх Украины Эвлэл "Эх орон"|Баткивщина]] (1999 оноос) | otherparty = {{ubli|[[Хромада]] (1997–1999)|[[Юлия Тимошенко Блок]] (2001–2012)|[[Дарангуйллын Эсэргүүцлийн Хороо]] (2011–2014)}} | spouse = {{marriage|[[Олександр Тимошенко]]|1979}} | children = [[Евгения Тимошенко]] | alma_mater = {{ubli|[[Украины Улсын Уул Уурхайн Их Сургууль]]|[[Днепропетровскийн Улсын Их Сургууль]]|[[Киевийн Улсын Эдийн Засгийн Их Сургууль]]}} | website = {{URL|https://web.archive.org/web/20190805013623/https://www.tymoshenko.ua/en/|tymoshenko.ua/en (архивлагдсан)}} | native_name_lang = uk }} '''Юлия Владимировна Тимошенко''' ({{lang-uk|Тимошенко Юлія Володимирівна, Григян/Телегіна}}, {{lang-ru|Юлия Владимировна Тимошенко}}, [[1960]] оны [[11 сарын 27]]-нд төрсөн) нь [[Украин]]ы ерөнхий сайд асан, улс төрч юм. ==Эшлэл== {{Reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == [[Зураг:Msc 2009-Saturday, 14.00 - 16.00 Uhr-Dett 023 Tymoshenko.jpg|thumb|left|255px|Юлия Тимошенко]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051228094722/http://www.tymoshenko.com.ua/ Албан ёсны сайт] {{DEFAULTSORT:Тимошенко, Юлия}} [[Ангилал:Украины ерөнхий сайд]] [[Ангилал:Украины эрчим хүчний сайд]] [[Ангилал:Яллагдсан хүн]] [[Ангилал:Евромайдан]] [[Ангилал:Бүх Украины Эвлэл „Эх орон“ намын гишүүн]] [[Ангилал:Украины намын дарга]] [[Ангилал:Инженер эдийн засагч]] [[Ангилал:Украины бизнесмен]] [[Ангилал:21-р зууны бизнесмен]] [[Ангилал:20-р зууны бизнесмен]] [[Ангилал:21-р зууны улс төрч]] [[Ангилал:Днипрогийн хүн]] [[Ангилал:Зөвлөлтийн иргэн]] [[Ангилал:Украинчууд]] [[Ангилал:1960 онд төрсөн]] k8d36vigbnyg2hkmsq2742cgh6qhod1 0 33774 859967 823937 2026-06-23T22:50:56Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Баруун Австралийн нийслэл}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Перт | native_name = {{nativename|en|Perth}} | state = wa | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/3/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Perth CBD skyline from State War Memorial Lookout, 2023, 04 b.jpg | caption1 = [[Перт#Төв бизнес дүүрэг|Төв бизнес дүүрэг]] | image2 = Perth town hall march21 (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Перт хотын танхим]] | image3 = Perth (AU), Yagan Square, Digital Tower -- 2019 -- 0282.jpg | caption3 = [[Яганы талбай]] | image4 = Perth (AU), The Bell Tower -- 2019 -- 0320-4.jpg | caption4 = [[Сван Беллс]] | image5 = Perth Stadium, December 2017 01.jpg | caption5 = [[Перт цэнгэлдэх хүрээлэн]] | image6 = Boola bardip 151120 gnangarra-101.jpg | caption6 = [[Баруун Австралийн музей]] | image7 = Crowds on Cottesloe Beach at Sculpture by the Sea exhibition.jpg | caption7 = [[Коттеслое далайн эрэг]] | image8 = High Street, Fremantle, Western Australia.jpg | caption8 = [[Фремантл]] түүхэн дүүрэг }} |caption = <!-- Consider adding pictures of other things --> | coordinates = {{coord |region:AU-WA_type:city(2,224,475)_dim:65km |name={{wikidata |property |P1448 }} |display=inline,title |format=dms}} | relief = yes | alternative_location_map = Австрали#Баруун Австрали#Далайн орнууд | mapframe-marker = city | local_map = yes | zoom = 8 | pop = 2,384,371 <!-- NOTE: UPDATES TO POPULATION NUMBER REQUIRE A RELIABLE SOURCE (usually from Australian Bureau of Statistics) --> | pop_year = 2024 | pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABSERP18>{{cite web|publisher=[[Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо]]|title=Regional population - 2024 |url=https://dataexplorer.abs.gov.au/vis?tm=ABS_ANNUAL_ERP_ASGS2021&pg=0&snb=1&df[ds]=PEOPLE_TOPICS&df[id]=ABS_ANNUAL_ERP_ASGS2021&df[ag]=ABS&df[vs]=1.2.0&dq=...A&pd=2014%2C&to[TIME_PERIOD]=false&ly[cl]=TIME_PERIOD&ly[rs]=REGION_TYPE&ly[rw]=ASGS_2021|date=2026-01-20|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2026-01-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260119160210/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release|url-status=live}}</ref> | poprank = 4-т | density = 372 | density_footnotes = | est = [[Баруун Австралийн өдөр|6 сарын 4]], 1829 | area = 6417.9 | area_footnotes = {{nbsp}}(GCCSA)<ref name="ABSGCCSAXLS">{{cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~5GPER/$File/BCP_5GPER.zip?OpenElement |title=Greater Perth: Basic Community Profile |publisher=[[Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо]] |work=2011 Census Community Profiles |date=2013-03-28 |format=XLS |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2022-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501105423/https://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/CensusOutput/copsub.NSF/All%20docs%20by%20catNo/2011~Community%20Profile~5GPER/$File/BCP_5GPER.zip?OpenElement |url-status=dead }}</ref> | timezone = [[Австрали дахь цаг#Баруун Австрали|AWST]] | utc = +08:00 | dist1 = 2607 | dir1 = west | location1 = [[Аделаид]]<ref name="Distance">{{cite web|url=https://geodesyapps.ga.gov.au/distance|title=As the Cocky Flies|agency=[[Geoscience Australia]]|publisher=[[Австралийн засгийн газар]]|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2023-01-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230109054332/https://geodesyapps.ga.gov.au/distance|url-status=live}}</ref> | dist2 = 4238 | dir2 = WSW | location2 = [[Брисбэн]]<ref name="Distance"/> | dist3 = 3337 | dir3 = NW | location3 = [[Мельбурн]]<ref name="Distance"/> | dist4 = 3632 | dir4 = WNW | location4 = [[Канберра]]<ref name="Distance"/> | dist5 = 3845 | dir5 = west | location5 = [[Сидней]]<ref name="Distance"/> | stategov = [[Перт сонгуулийн тойрог (муж)|Перт]] (болон 41 бусад)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boundaries.wa.gov.au/2011/Final/QuickLinks/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130227041615/http://www.boundaries.wa.gov.au/2011/Final/QuickLinks/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-02-27 |title=2011 Electoral Boundaries |access-date=2026-06-23 |year=2014 |publisher=Баруун Австрали муж – Сонгуулийн хуваарилалтын комиссаруудын алба }}</ref> | fedgov = [[Перт сонгуулийн тойрог|Перт]] (болон 11 бусад)<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2021/wa/final-report/files/maps-divisions/2021-AEC-WA-Composite-Greater%20Perth-Final.pdf |title=2021-AEC-WA-Composite-Greater Perth-Final |access-date=2026-06-23 |year=2021 |publisher=[[Австралийн Сонгуулийн Комисс]]|archive-date=2023-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230715094511/https://www.aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2021/wa/final-report/files/maps-divisions/2021-AEC-WA-Composite-Greater%20Perth-Final.pdf}}</ref> | maxtemp = 24.8 | mintemp = 12.8 | rainfall = 731.1 | demographics_type2 = ДНБ {{nobold|(нэрлэсэн)}} | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|title=Economic performance of Australia's cities and regions|url=https://sgsep.com.au/assets/main/Publications/SGS-Economics-and-Planning_Economic-Performance-of-Australian-Cities-and-Regions.pdf|website=sgsep.com.au}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Нийт | demographics2_info1 = A${{FXConvert|AUS|146.880|b|year=2019|lk=on}} | demographics2_title2 = Нэг хүнд ноогдох | demographics2_info2 = A${{FXConvert|AUS|70300|year=2019|lk=on}} }} [[Зураг:The Foundation of Perth 1829.jpg|thumb|left|240px|1829 оны «Перт хотын үүсэл» зураг]] [[Зураг:Perth from air.jpg|thumb|left|240px|Хиймэл дагуулаас татаж харсан зураг]] [[Австрали]] улсын [[Баруун Австрали|Өрнөд Австрали мужийн]] засаг захиргааны төв '''Перт''' ({{lang-en|Perth}}; [pɜrθ] ['''пэйф''']; Пе́рт) [[хот]]ын суурь 1829 онд тавигджээ. [[Энэтхэгийн далай]]д цутгах [[Суон гол|Суон (Хунт) гол]]ын адагт үүссэн энэ сууриндаа [[Шотланд]]ын [[Шотландын Перт|Перт]] хотын нэрийг өгсөн гэдэг. 5 мянган хүнтэй байсан 1856 оноос хот гэж нэрлэгдэн, 1832 оноос Өрнөд Австрали нутгийн төв гэдэг эрх сууриа олжээ. XIX зуунд Өрнө Австралид [[алт]]ны уурхай олноор нээгдэж Австралийн дорнод эргээс ч гэсэн Перт рүү чиглэн нүүцгээж байв. Нэгэнт томорсон Пертэд [[XX зуун]]ы эхэнд 67,431 хүн оршин сууж байсан бол өссөөр өдгөө 1.9 сая оршин суугч бүхий [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Австрали улсын дөрөвдүгээр их хот]] болжээ. Үндсэндээ [[Их Британи]], [[Ирланд]]аас эрт болоод эдүгээ ирсэн хүмүүстэй. [[Итали]], [[Хятад]]ын цагаачид цөөнгүй. Перт хотод II сард өдөртөө 31°C халуун, VII сард өдөртөө 18.4°C дулаан, жилийн турш 848 мм хур тунадастай байдаг. Зун нь хуурай, халуун. 5-9 сард борооны улирал таардаг. Австралидаа хамгийн алслагдсан том хот гэвэл Перт байна. Ойрын томоохон [[Аделаид]] гэхэд 2104 км, Дорно Тиморын [[Дили]] 2785 км, Индонезийн [[Жакарта]] 3002 км зайтай. == Эшлэл == {{reflist}} == Цахим холбоос == * {{commons|Category:Perth|Перт хот‎}} [[Ангилал:Перт| ]] [[Ангилал:Саятан хот]] [[Ангилал:Баруун Австралийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] iop620okwzs1wm0vbig3j1s2bnov9h2 0 34951 860001 761494 2026-06-24T09:34:28Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 860001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс суурин | name = Нови Сад | native_name = {{native name|sr-Cyrl|Нови Сад|italics=off}}<br />{{native name|hu|Újvidék}}<br />{{native name|sk|Nový Sad}} | native_name_lang = sr | other_name = | official_name = Нови Сад хот<br />Град Нови Сад | nickname = Сербийн [[Афин]] | settlement_type = [[Сербийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/3/2/2 | total_width = 270 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = 20230429.Ansichten in Novi Sad.-039.jpg | caption1 = [[Хуучин хот, Нови Сад|Эрх чөлөөний талбай]] | image2 = Matica Srpska - panoramio (2).jpg | caption2 = [[Матица српска]] | image3 = Petrovaradinska tvrđava - panoramio (3).jpg | caption3 = [[Петроварадины цайз]] | image4 = Kula sa satom na Petrovaradinskoj tvrđavi.jpg | caption4 = Цагийн цамхаг | image5 = Serbia-0268 - Name of Mary Parish Church (7344449164).jpg | caption5 = [[Мэригийн нэрийн сүм]] | image6 = Novi Sad 2010 (4824010316).jpg | caption6 = [[Гэгээн Георгийн цогчин дуган, Нови Сад|Гэгээн Георгийн сүм]] | image7 = Vladičanski dvor Eparhije Bačke u Novom Sadu Srpske pravoslavne crkve 04.jpg | caption7 = [[Хамбын ордон, Нови Сад|Хамбын ордон]] | image8 = Novosadska sinagoga 02.jpg | caption8 = [[Нови Садын синагог]] }} | image_size = | foot_montage = | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Novi Sad.svg | image_shield = Coa of Novi Sad.svg | image_blank_emblem = Logo of Novi Sad.svg | blank_emblem_type = Лого | image_map = | map_caption = | pushpin_map_caption = Серби дэх байршил##Воеводина дахь байршил##Европ дахь байршил | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_map = Серби#Серби Воеводина#Европ | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = {{flag|Серби}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Сербийн засаг захиргааны хуваарь|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Воеводина}} | subdivision_type2 = [[Сербийн тойргууд|Тойрог]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Өмнөд Бачка тойрог|Өмнөд Бачка]] | leader_party = [[Сербийн Дэвшилтэт Нам|SNS]] | leader_title = [[Нови Сад хотын даргын жагсаалт|Хотын дарга]] | leader_name = [[Жарко Мичин]] | leader_title1 = [[Сербийн улс төрийн намын жагсаалт|Эрх баригч&nbsp;нам]] | leader_name1 = [[Сербийн Дэвшилтэт Нам|SNS]]/[[Сербийн Социал Демократ Нам|SDPS]]/[[Сербийн Шинэчлэлийн Хөдөлгөөн|SPO]]–[[Сербийн Социалист Нам|SPS]]/[[Нэгдсэн Серби|JS]]–[[Воеводины Унгаруудын Холбоо|SVM]] | established_title = [[Скордиски]] суурьшсан | established_date = МЭӨ 4-р зуун | established_title1 = Байгуулагдсан | established_date1 = 1694 | established_title2 = Хотын статус | established_date2 = {{start date and age|1748|02|01|df=yes}} | area_rank = [[Сербийн хотын жагсаалт|Сербид 36-д]] | area_total_km2 = 83 | area_urban_km2 = 222.66 | area_metro_km2 = 699 | population_as_of = 2022 | population_footnotes =<ref name="Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia 2025">{{Cite report |url=https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2025/Pdf/G202513052.pdf |title=ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ 2025: Подаци по општинама и градовима |trans-title=Бүгд Найрамдах Серби Улсын 2025 оны хотын захиргаа, бүс нутаг|work=ОПШТИНЕ И РЕГИОНИ У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ 2025 |trans-work=Бүгд Найрамдах Серби Улсын 2025 оны хотын захиргаа, бүс нутаг |first=N/A |last=N/A|location=Белград |publisher=Републички завод за статистику [Сербийн Бүгд Найрамдах Улсын Статистикийн Алба] |date=2025-12-25 |access-date=2026-06-24}}</ref>{{rp|p=18}} | population_rank = [[Сербийн хотын жагсаалт|Сербид 2-т]] | total_type = Хот | population_total = 260,438 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_urban = 325,511 | population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_metro = 372,136 | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Novosađanin <br /> (Новосађанин, эр.) <br /> Novosađanka <br /> (Новосађанка, эм.) ([[Серби хэл|sr]]) | timezone = [[Төв Европын Цаг|ТЕЦ]] | utc_offset = +01:00 | timezone_DST = [[Төв Европын Зуны Цаг|ТЕЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +02:00 | coordinates = {{coord|45|15|15|N|19|50|33|E|region:RS|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 80 | elevation_ft = 262 | blank_name_sec1 = Албан ёсны хэл | blank_info_sec1 = [[Серби хэл|Серби]] болон [[Унгар хэл|Унгар]], [[Словак хэл|Словак]], [[Өмнөд Русин хэл]]<ref name="Statut">{{cite web|url=https://novisad.rs/sites/default/files/attachment/statut_0.pdf |title=Статут Града Новог Сада |trans-title=Нови Сад хотын дүрэм |access-date=2026-06-24 |language=sr |publisher=Нови Сад хот }}</ref> | postal_code_type = [[Серби дэх шуудангийн код|Шуудангийн код]] | postal_code = 21000 | area_code_type = [[Серби дэх утасны дугаар|Бүс нутгийн код]] | area_code = +381(0)21 | website = {{URL|http://novisad.rs/}} | registration_plate = [[Сербийн тээврийн хэрэгслийн улсын дугаар|NS]] }} '''Нови Сад''' ([[Серби хэл|сер.]] ''Нови Сад'' [{{IPA|ˈnɔ̂viː ˈsâːd}}]) — [[Серби]] улсын хоёрдугаар том [[хот]]. ==Зураг== <gallery widths="180px" heights="140px"> Зураг:Novi Sad City Hall.jpg Зураг:NIS HQ Novi Sad 2006.jpg Зураг:Panorama of Novi Sad.jpg </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Novi Sad|Нови Сад}} * [http://www.novisad.rs/ Нови Сад] (серби/англиар) == Эшлэл == <references/> [[Ангилал:Нови Сад| ]] [[Ангилал:Өмнөд Бачка тойргийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Сербийн хот]] [[Ангилал:Дунай мөрний суурин]] ljfrptm70cq287zi6tq5hsl36ra8hgh 0 35462 859970 858079 2026-06-23T23:02:32Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн Өмнөд Австралийн нийслэл}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Аделаид | native_name = {{native name|en|Adelaide}} | state = sa | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/3/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Adelaide skyline, December 2022 b.jpg | caption1 = [[Торренс гол]] болон [[Аделаид хотын төв|бизнесийн төв дүүрэг]] | image2 = Adelaide, Australia (February 2017) (33505366456) (cropped).jpg | caption2 = [[Аделаид хотын танхим]] | image3 = St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide, Southeast view 20230214 1.jpg | caption3 = [[Гэгээн Петрийн сүм, Аделаид|Гэгээн Петрийн сүм]] | image4 = Adelaide General Post Office (cropped).jpg | caption4 = [[Ерөнхий шуудангийн газар, Аделаид|Төв шуудан]] | image5 = SAHMRI.jpg | caption5 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн эрүүл мэнд, анагаах ухааны судалгааны хүрээлэн|SAHMRI]] | image6 = Brookman Building on North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia (cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Өмнөд Австралийн их сургууль]] | image7 = Victoria Square, central Adelaide.jpg | caption7 = [[Викториа талбай, Аделаид|Викториа талбай]] }} | pop = 1,469,163 | pop_year = 2024 | pop_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Greater Adelaide |date=27 March 2025 |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2023-24#capital-cities |publisher=Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2025-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250327052657/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2023-24 |url-status=live }}</ref> | poprank = 5-д | density = 450 | density_footnotes = | area = 3259.8 | area_footnotes = <ref name="ABS-GA">{{cite web|title=Greater Adelaide (GCCSA) (4GADE)|url=https://itt.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=4GADE&dataset=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&geoconcept=ASGS_2016&measure=MEASURE&datasetASGS=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&datasetLGA=ABS_REGIONAL_LGA2018&regionLGA=LGA_2018&regionASGS=ASGS_2016|website=Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=6 April 2020-04-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200406204831/https://itt.abs.gov.au/itt/r.jsp?RegionSummary&region=4GADE&dataset=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&geoconcept=ASGS_2016&measure=MEASURE&datasetASGS=ABS_REGIONAL_ASGS2016&datasetLGA=ABS_REGIONAL_LGA2018&regionLGA=LGA_2018&regionASGS=ASGS_2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> | mayor = | mayortitle = | established = [[Тунхаглалын өдөр#Өмнөд_Австрали|1836 оны 12 сарын 28]] | alternative_location_map = Австрали#Өмнөд Австрали#Далайн орнууд | mapframe = yes | coordinates = {{coord|34|55|39|S|138|36|00|E|type:city(1,400,000_region:AU-SA|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | timezone = [[Австралийн Төв Стандарт Цаг|ACST]] | utc = +9:30 | timezone-dst = [[Австралийн Төв Зуны Цаг|ACDT]] | utc-dst = +10:30 | dist1 = 730 | dir1 = NW | location1 = [[Мельбурн]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=248650&placename=melbourne&placetype=0&state=VIC&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and MELBOURNE |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=248650&placename=melbourne&placetype=0&state=VIC&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=2016-01-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> | dist2 = 1160 | dir2 = баруун | location2 = [[Канберра]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=131&placename=canberra&placetype=0&state=ACT&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and CANBERRA |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=131&placename=canberra&placetype=0&state=ACT&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=2016-01-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> | dist3 = 1373 | dir3 = баруун | location3 = [[Сидней]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=87421&placename=sydney&placetype=0&state=NSW&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and SYDNEY |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=87421&placename=sydney&placetype=0&state=NSW&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=2016-01-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> | dist4 = 2007 | dir4 = SW | location4 = [[Брисбэн]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=126867&placename=brisbane&placetype=0&state=QLD&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and Brisbane |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=126867&placename=brisbane&placetype=0&state=QLD&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=2016-01-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> | dist5 = 2607 | dir5 = зүүн | location5 = [[Перт]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=304529&placename=perth&placetype=0&state=WA+&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |title=Great Circle Distance between ADELAIDE and Perth |publisher=Geoscience Australia |date=March 2004 |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128151001/http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=304529&placename=perth&placetype=0&state=WA+&place1=ADELAIDE&place1long=138.601013&place1lat=-34.928692 |archive-date=2016-01-28 |url-status=live }}</ref> | lga = [[Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд#Метрополитан Аделаид|Метрополитан Аделаид дотор 19 хотын захиргаа]] | stategov = [[Өмнөд Австралийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|Янз бүр]] (34) | fedgov = [[Спенс сонгуулийн тойрог|Спенс]], [[Макин сонгуулийн тойрог|Макин]], [[Хайндмарш сонгуулийн тойрог|Хайндмарш]], [[Аделаид сонгуулийн тойрог|Аделаид]], [[Стерт сонгуулийн тойрог|Стерт]], [[Бутби сонгуулийн тойрог|Бутби]], [[Кингстон сонгуулийн тойрог|Кингстон]] | maxtemp = 21.9 | mintemp = 11.9 | rainfall = 536.5 |image_flag=Flag of Adelaide.svg|image_seal=COA Adelaide.svg | demographics_type2 = ДНБ {{nobold|(нэрлэсэн)}} | demographics2_footnotes = <ref>{{citation|title=Economic performance of Australia's cities and regions|url=https://sgsep.com.au/assets/main/Publications/SGS-Economics-and-Planning_Economic-Performance-of-Australian-Cities-and-Regions.pdf|website=sgsep.com.au}}</ref> | demographics2_title1 = Нийт | demographics2_info1 = A${{FXConvert|AUS|85.254|b|year=2019|lk=on}} | demographics2_title2 = Нэг хүнд ноогдох | demographics2_info2 = A${{FXConvert|AUS|62600|year=2019|lk=on}} }} '''Аделаид'''<ref>Ц.Дамдинсүрэн нарын "Орос-Монгол толь"-ийн II хэвлэл (1982)-ийн 826-р талд заасан.</ref> ([[англиар]] Adelaide [ˈædəleɪd], [[оросоор]] Аделаида) — [[Австрал улс]]ын [[Өмнөд Австрали|Өмнө Австрал мужийн]] төв, саятан [[хот]]. == Зураг == <gallery widths="180px" heights="140px"> Зураг:Adelaide North Tce 1839.jpg Зураг:University of Adelaide.jpg Зураг:Advertiser Building.JPG Зураг:Adelaide Metropol.png Зураг:Adelaide CoB dots.png Зураг:Rundle Mall, Adelaide.jpg </gallery> == Газар зүй == === Уур амьсгал === {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт | collapsed = | location = Аделаид нисэх буудал (1991–2020 оны дундаж, 1887–2025 туйлын үе) | metric first = yes | single line = yes | rain colour = green | Jan record high C = 47.7 | Feb record high C = 44.7 | Mar record high C = 42.2 | Apr record high C = 36.9 | May record high C = 32.3 | Jun record high C = 26.1 | Jul record high C = 26.6 | Aug record high C = 30.4 | Sep record high C = 35.1 | Oct record high C = 39.0 | Nov record high C = 43.1 | Dec record high C = 45.3 | Jan high C = 28.6 | Feb high C = 28.4 | Mar high C = 25.6 | Apr high C = 22.5 | May high C = 18.7 | Jun high C = 16.0 | Jul high C = 15.2 | Aug high C = 16.1 | Sep high C = 18.7 | Oct high C = 21.7 | Nov high C = 24.5 | Dec high C = 26.4 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 22.7 | Feb mean C = 22.6 | Mar mean C = 20.2 | Apr mean C = 17.3 | May mean C = 14.3 | Jun mean C = 12.0 | Jul mean C = 11.3 | Aug mean C = 11.9 | Sep mean C = 14.1 | Oct mean C = 16.4 | Nov mean C = 19.1 | Dec mean C = 20.8 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 16.8 | Feb low C = 16.8 | Mar low C = 14.8 | Apr low C = 12.1 | May low C = 9.9 | Jun low C = 8.0 | Jul low C = 7.4 | Aug low C = 7.7 | Sep low C = 9.4 | Oct low C = 11.1 | Nov low C = 13.6 | Dec low C = 15.2 | year low C = | Jan record low C = 7.9 | Feb record low C = 7.8 | Mar record low C = 4.6 | Apr record low C = 3.1 | May record low C = -0.3 | Jun record low C = -2.6 | Jul record low C = -1.1 | Aug record low C = -0.3 | Sep record low C = 1.1 | Oct record low C = 3.1 | Nov record low C = 4.2 | Dec record low C = 5.9 | Jan rain mm = 21.2 | Feb rain mm = 20.0 | Mar rain mm = 24.9 | Apr rain mm = 37.6 | May rain mm = 59.3 | Jun rain mm = 77.7 | Jul rain mm = 71.1 | Aug rain mm = 66.9 | Sep rain mm = 59.6 | Oct rain mm = 40.0 | Nov rain mm = 31.0 | Dec rain mm = 28.3 | year rain mm = 536.5 | unit rain days = 0.2 мм | Jan rain days = 4.7 | Feb rain days = 3.7 | Mar rain days = 5.9 | Apr rain days = 8.2 | May rain days = 12.7 | Jun rain days = 14.6 | Jul rain days = 16.3 | Aug rain days = 16.2 | Sep rain days = 13.5 | Oct rain days = 9.9 | Nov rain days = 8.3 | Dec rain days = 7.2 | year rain days = 121.2 | humidity colour = green | Jan afthumidity = 36 | Feb afthumidity = 36 | Mar afthumidity = 41 | Apr afthumidity = 47 | May afthumidity = 55 | Jun afthumidity = 61 | Jul afthumidity = 60 | Aug afthumidity = 55 | Sep afthumidity = 51 | Oct afthumidity = 45 | Nov afthumidity = 40 | Dec afthumidity = 39 | Jan percentsun = 74 | Feb percentsun = 75 | Mar percentsun = 71 | Apr percentsun = 65 | May percentsun = 53 | Jun percentsun = 45 | Jul percentsun = 48 | Aug percentsun = 54 | Sep percentsun = 55 | Oct percentsun = 64 | Nov percentsun = 65 | Dec percentsun = 67 | Jan sun = 325.5 | Feb sun = 285.3 | Mar sun = 266.6 | Apr sun = 219.0 | May sun = 167.4 | Jun sun = 135.0 | Jul sun = 145.7 | Aug sun = 189.1 | Sep sun = 204.0 | Oct sun = 257.3 | Nov sun = 273.0 | Dec sun = 294.5 | year sun = | source 1 = Аделаид нисэх буудал (дундаж 1991–2020, туйлын үе 1955–2025)<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023034_All.shtml | publisher = Цаг уурын товчоо |title = Climate statistics for ADELAIDE AIRPORT M.O. |accessdate = 2026-06-03}}</ref> | source 2 = Аделаид (Кент Таун, бороо 1991–2020, туйлын үе 1977–2025)<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023090_All.shtml | publisher = Цаг уурын товчоо |title = Climate statistics for ADELAIDE (KENT TOWN) |accessdate = 2026-06-03}}</ref> | date = 2025 | source = }} == Эшлэл == {{лавлах холбоос}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Adelaide|Аделаид}} {{Wiktionary}} * [http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/ Хотын захиргаа (Adelaide City Council)] [[Ангилал:Аделаид| ]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Саятан хот]] [[Ангилал:Өмнөд Австралийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] hvlkv084l72al1ktewfh02sd7ve7vv6 0 36769 859936 858095 2026-06-23T19:16:02Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин |type = City |name = Балларат |state = vic |image = {{multiple image | total_width = 270 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ballarat Panorama (26278190346) (cropped).jpg{{!}}Panorama |caption1 = City centre | image2 = Ballarat Town Hall 2011 004.JPG{{!}}Ballarat Town Hall |caption2 = Town Hall | image3 = Ballarat Victoria (60458582).jpeg {{!}}Post Office |caption3 = [[Post Office Gallery|Post Office]] | image4 = Ballarat Station - panoramio.jpg{{!}}Ballarat station |caption4 = [[Ballarat railway station|Ballarat station]] | image5 = Ballarat Craig's Hotel 001.JPG{{!}}Craig's Royal Hotel |caption5 = Craig's Royal Hotel }} |caption = |pop = 116,201 <!-- Do not use the LGA area figure here as it is misleading - use Statistical Level 3 from ABS --> |pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABS">{{Census 2021 AUS|id=SAL21843|name=Ballarat|accessdate=2026-06-23|quick=on}}</ref> |poprank = 18 |elevation = 435 |elevation_footnotes = |coordinates = {{coord|37|33|39|S|143|50|51|E|type:city(110000)_region:AU-VIC|display=inline,title}} |est = 1838 | area = 343.6 |area_footnotes = <ref name="ABSSUAProf">{{cite web|title=2016 Census Community Profiles: Ballarat|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2003|work=ABS Census|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111152/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2003|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2016 census – SUA) |timezone = [[UTC10|AEST]] |utc = +10 |timezone-dst = [[UTC11|AEDT]] |utc-dst = +11 |postcode = 3350 |stategov = [[Эврика сонгуулийн тойрог|Эврика]] |stategov2 = [[Рипон сонгуулийн тойрог|Рипон]] |stategov3 = [[Вендури сонгуулийн тойрог|Вендури]] |fedgov = [[Балларат сонгуулийн тойрог|Балларат]] |lga = [[Балларат хот]] |region=[[Грампианс (бүс нутаг)|Грампианс]]|maxtemp = 17.4 |mintemp = 7.1 |rainfall = 688.7 |native_name= {{native name|en|Ballarat}} |dist1 = 110 |dir1 = NW |location1 = Мельбурн |dist2 = 82 |dir2 = NW |location2 = [[Желонг]] |dist3 = 95 |dir3 = SW |location3 = [[Бендиго]] |mayor=Трейси Харгривз }} '''Балларат''' (Ballarat; [ˈbæləræt]; Ба́лларат) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Викториа (Австрали)|Виктори муж]]ийн 95 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[Ballarat population growth pips Geelong and Bendigo] by Meg Rayner for The Courier 31 Mar 2010</ref> Мужийн төв [[Мельбурн]]аас 105 км зайтай. == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = |location = Балларат (1991–2020, туйлын үе 1951–2025) |Jan record high C = 42.0 |Feb record high C = 44.1 |Mar record high C = 37.9 |Apr record high C = 32.2 |May record high C = 26.1 |Jun record high C = 21.6 |Jul record high C = 19.1 |Aug record high C = 23.0 |Sep record high C = 27.9 |Oct record high C = 33.4 |Nov record high C = 37.3 |Dec record high C = 43.5 | year record high C = 44.1 |Jan record low C = 0.7 |Feb record low C = -1.4 |Mar record low C = -0.6 |Apr record low C = -4.1 |May record low C = -4.5 |Jun record low C = -4.6 |Jul record low C = -6.0 |Aug record low C = -5.0 |Sep record low C = -4.6 |Oct record low C = -3.6 |Nov record low C = -1.0 |Dec record low C = -1.0 | year record low C = -6.0 |Jan high C = 26.2 |Feb high C = 25.7 |Mar high C = 22.9 |Apr high C = 18.4 |May high C = 14.2 |Jun high C = 11.3 |Jul high C = 10.5 |Aug high C = 11.8 |Sep high C = 14.1 |Oct high C = 17.3 |Nov high C = 20.5 |Dec high C = 23.4 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 18.9 | Feb mean C = 18.7 | Mar mean C = 16.4 | Apr mean C = 12.7 | May mean C = 9.7 | Jun mean C = 7.5 | Jul mean C = 6.8 | Aug mean C = 7.5 | Sep mean C = 9.3 | Oct mean C = 11.6 | Nov mean C = 14.3 | Dec mean C = 16.4 | year mean C = |Jan low C = 11.6 |Feb low C = 11.6 |Mar low C = 9.9 |Apr low C = 7.0 |May low C = 5.1 |Jun low C = 3.6 |Jul low C = 3.0 |Aug low C = 3.1 |Sep low C = 4.4 |Oct low C = 5.9 |Nov low C = 8.0 |Dec low C = 9.4 | year low C = | Jan avg record high C = 38.1 | Feb avg record high C = 36.1 | Mar avg record high C = 32.4 | Apr avg record high C = 26.7 | May avg record high C = 20.1 | Jun avg record high C = 15.4 | Jul avg record high C = 14.1 | Aug avg record high C = 16.7 | Sep avg record high C = 21.7 | Oct avg record high C = 26.7 | Nov avg record high C = 31.1 | Dec avg record high C = 35.0 | year avg record high C = 39.0 | Jan avg record low C = 4.8 | Feb avg record low C = 4.9 | Mar avg record low C = 2.9 | Apr avg record low C = 0.3 | May avg record low C = -1.2 | Jun avg record low C = -2.2 | Jul avg record low C = -2.8 | Aug avg record low C = -2.2 | Sep avg record low C = -1.7 | Oct avg record low C = -0.7 | Nov avg record low C = 1.5 | Dec avg record low C = 2.6 | year avg record low C = -3.5 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 45.1 |Feb rain mm = 39.5 |Mar rain mm = 31.5 |Apr rain mm = 42.4 |May rain mm = 50.4 |Jun rain mm = 60.2 |Jul rain mm = 61.4 |Aug rain mm = 66.5 |Sep rain mm = 69.2 |Oct rain mm = 53.8 |Nov rain mm = 54.5 |Dec rain mm = 46.2 |year rain mm = 620.9 |unit rain days = 0.2 мм | Jan rain days = 7.7 | Feb rain days = 6.9 | Mar rain days = 8.5 | Apr rain days = 11.7 | May rain days = 15.8 | Jun rain days = 18.2 | Jul rain days = 19.9 | Aug rain days = 18.6 | Sep rain days = 16.8 | Oct rain days = 14.5 | Nov rain days = 11.7 | Dec rain days = 10.4 | year rain days = 160.7 | humidity colour = green | time day =3 PM | Jan afthumidity = 43 | Feb afthumidity = 43 | Mar afthumidity = 46 | Apr afthumidity = 54 | May afthumidity = 67 | Jun afthumidity = 77 | Jul afthumidity = 75 | Aug afthumidity = 71 | Sep afthumidity = 65 | Oct afthumidity = 58 | Nov afthumidity = 55 | Dec afthumidity = 47 | year afthumidity = 58 | Jan dew point C =9.0 | Feb dew point C =9.2 | Mar dew point C =7.8 | Apr dew point C =6.7 | May dew point C =6.9 | Jun dew point C =6.2 | Jul dew point C =5.2 | Aug dew point C =5.1 | Sep dew point C =5.9 | Oct dew point C =6.4 | Nov dew point C =7.8 | Dec dew point C =8.1 | year dew point C = 7.0 |source 1 = Австралийн Цаг Уурын Товчоо (15:00 цагт шүүдрийн цэг)<ref name="BoM" >{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations- Ballarat Aerodrome|date=2024-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=089002&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations (normals: 1991–2020)|access-date=2026-06-03|publisher=Австралийн Цаг Уурын Товчоо}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations: Ballarat Aerodrome (all data)|publisher=Австралийн Цаг Уурын Товчоо|access-date=2026-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/ |title = Climate data online (Station number: 089002) |publisher = Цаг Уурын Товчоо |access-date = 2026-06-03}}</ref> | date = 2022-01-05 }} == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|Ballarat}} * [http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/ Балларат хотын цахим хуудас] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Балларат| ]] [[Ангилал:Викториагийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] 5hdka76vwwk9knqjr0xfo8k5bir508j 859937 859936 2026-06-23T19:16:45Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин |type = City |name = Балларат |state = vic |image = {{multiple image | total_width = 270 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Ballarat Panorama (26278190346) (cropped).jpg{{!}}Panorama |caption1 = Хотын төв | image2 = Ballarat Town Hall 2011 004.JPG{{!}}Ballarat Town Hall |caption2 = Хотын захиргаа | image3 = Ballarat Victoria (60458582).jpeg {{!}}Post Office |caption3 = [[Шуудангийн галерей|Шуудан]] | image4 = Ballarat Station - panoramio.jpg{{!}}Ballarat station |caption4 = [[Балларат төмөр замын өртөө|Балдарат өртөө]] | image5 = Ballarat Craig's Hotel 001.JPG{{!}}Craig's Royal Hotel |caption5 = Роял зочид буудал }} |caption = |pop = 116,201 <!-- Do not use the LGA area figure here as it is misleading - use Statistical Level 3 from ABS --> |pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABS">{{Census 2021 AUS|id=SAL21843|name=Ballarat|accessdate=2026-06-23|quick=on}}</ref> |poprank = 18 |elevation = 435 |elevation_footnotes = |coordinates = {{coord|37|33|39|S|143|50|51|E|type:city(110000)_region:AU-VIC|display=inline,title}} |est = 1838 | area = 343.6 |area_footnotes = <ref name="ABSSUAProf">{{cite web|title=2016 Census Community Profiles: Ballarat|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2003|work=ABS Census|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111152/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2003|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2016 census – SUA) |timezone = [[UTC10|AEST]] |utc = +10 |timezone-dst = [[UTC11|AEDT]] |utc-dst = +11 |postcode = 3350 |stategov = [[Эврика сонгуулийн тойрог|Эврика]] |stategov2 = [[Рипон сонгуулийн тойрог|Рипон]] |stategov3 = [[Вендури сонгуулийн тойрог|Вендури]] |fedgov = [[Балларат сонгуулийн тойрог|Балларат]] |lga = [[Балларат хот]] |region=[[Грампианс (бүс нутаг)|Грампианс]]|maxtemp = 17.4 |mintemp = 7.1 |rainfall = 688.7 |native_name= {{native name|en|Ballarat}} |dist1 = 110 |dir1 = NW |location1 = Мельбурн |dist2 = 82 |dir2 = NW |location2 = [[Желонг]] |dist3 = 95 |dir3 = SW |location3 = [[Бендиго]] |mayor=Трейси Харгривз }} '''Балларат''' (Ballarat; [ˈbæləræt]; Ба́лларат) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Викториа (Австрали)|Виктори муж]]ийн 95 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[Ballarat population growth pips Geelong and Bendigo] by Meg Rayner for The Courier 31 Mar 2010</ref> Мужийн төв [[Мельбурн]]аас 105 км зайтай. == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт|width=auto |metric first=y |single line=y |collapsed = |location = Балларат (1991–2020, туйлын үе 1951–2025) |Jan record high C = 42.0 |Feb record high C = 44.1 |Mar record high C = 37.9 |Apr record high C = 32.2 |May record high C = 26.1 |Jun record high C = 21.6 |Jul record high C = 19.1 |Aug record high C = 23.0 |Sep record high C = 27.9 |Oct record high C = 33.4 |Nov record high C = 37.3 |Dec record high C = 43.5 | year record high C = 44.1 |Jan record low C = 0.7 |Feb record low C = -1.4 |Mar record low C = -0.6 |Apr record low C = -4.1 |May record low C = -4.5 |Jun record low C = -4.6 |Jul record low C = -6.0 |Aug record low C = -5.0 |Sep record low C = -4.6 |Oct record low C = -3.6 |Nov record low C = -1.0 |Dec record low C = -1.0 | year record low C = -6.0 |Jan high C = 26.2 |Feb high C = 25.7 |Mar high C = 22.9 |Apr high C = 18.4 |May high C = 14.2 |Jun high C = 11.3 |Jul high C = 10.5 |Aug high C = 11.8 |Sep high C = 14.1 |Oct high C = 17.3 |Nov high C = 20.5 |Dec high C = 23.4 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 18.9 | Feb mean C = 18.7 | Mar mean C = 16.4 | Apr mean C = 12.7 | May mean C = 9.7 | Jun mean C = 7.5 | Jul mean C = 6.8 | Aug mean C = 7.5 | Sep mean C = 9.3 | Oct mean C = 11.6 | Nov mean C = 14.3 | Dec mean C = 16.4 | year mean C = |Jan low C = 11.6 |Feb low C = 11.6 |Mar low C = 9.9 |Apr low C = 7.0 |May low C = 5.1 |Jun low C = 3.6 |Jul low C = 3.0 |Aug low C = 3.1 |Sep low C = 4.4 |Oct low C = 5.9 |Nov low C = 8.0 |Dec low C = 9.4 | year low C = | Jan avg record high C = 38.1 | Feb avg record high C = 36.1 | Mar avg record high C = 32.4 | Apr avg record high C = 26.7 | May avg record high C = 20.1 | Jun avg record high C = 15.4 | Jul avg record high C = 14.1 | Aug avg record high C = 16.7 | Sep avg record high C = 21.7 | Oct avg record high C = 26.7 | Nov avg record high C = 31.1 | Dec avg record high C = 35.0 | year avg record high C = 39.0 | Jan avg record low C = 4.8 | Feb avg record low C = 4.9 | Mar avg record low C = 2.9 | Apr avg record low C = 0.3 | May avg record low C = -1.2 | Jun avg record low C = -2.2 | Jul avg record low C = -2.8 | Aug avg record low C = -2.2 | Sep avg record low C = -1.7 | Oct avg record low C = -0.7 | Nov avg record low C = 1.5 | Dec avg record low C = 2.6 | year avg record low C = -3.5 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 45.1 |Feb rain mm = 39.5 |Mar rain mm = 31.5 |Apr rain mm = 42.4 |May rain mm = 50.4 |Jun rain mm = 60.2 |Jul rain mm = 61.4 |Aug rain mm = 66.5 |Sep rain mm = 69.2 |Oct rain mm = 53.8 |Nov rain mm = 54.5 |Dec rain mm = 46.2 |year rain mm = 620.9 |unit rain days = 0.2 мм | Jan rain days = 7.7 | Feb rain days = 6.9 | Mar rain days = 8.5 | Apr rain days = 11.7 | May rain days = 15.8 | Jun rain days = 18.2 | Jul rain days = 19.9 | Aug rain days = 18.6 | Sep rain days = 16.8 | Oct rain days = 14.5 | Nov rain days = 11.7 | Dec rain days = 10.4 | year rain days = 160.7 | humidity colour = green | time day =3 PM | Jan afthumidity = 43 | Feb afthumidity = 43 | Mar afthumidity = 46 | Apr afthumidity = 54 | May afthumidity = 67 | Jun afthumidity = 77 | Jul afthumidity = 75 | Aug afthumidity = 71 | Sep afthumidity = 65 | Oct afthumidity = 58 | Nov afthumidity = 55 | Dec afthumidity = 47 | year afthumidity = 58 | Jan dew point C =9.0 | Feb dew point C =9.2 | Mar dew point C =7.8 | Apr dew point C =6.7 | May dew point C =6.9 | Jun dew point C =6.2 | Jul dew point C =5.2 | Aug dew point C =5.1 | Sep dew point C =5.9 | Oct dew point C =6.4 | Nov dew point C =7.8 | Dec dew point C =8.1 | year dew point C = 7.0 |source 1 = Австралийн Цаг Уурын Товчоо (15:00 цагт шүүдрийн цэг)<ref name="BoM" >{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations- Ballarat Aerodrome|date=2024-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=089002&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations (normals: 1991–2020)|access-date=2026-06-03|publisher=Австралийн Цаг Уурын Товчоо}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml|title=Climate statistics for Australian locations: Ballarat Aerodrome (all data)|publisher=Австралийн Цаг Уурын Товчоо|access-date=2026-06-03}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/ |title = Climate data online (Station number: 089002) |publisher = Цаг Уурын Товчоо |access-date = 2026-06-03}}</ref> | date = 2022-01-05 }} == Цахим холбоос == {{commons|Ballarat}} * [http://www.ballarat.vic.gov.au/ Балларат хотын цахим хуудас] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Балларат| ]] [[Ангилал:Викториагийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] naoru4nko6beslg02ihcnlng9lx1i9c 0 36771 859940 858162 2026-06-23T21:43:15Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Бендиго | native_name = {{native name|en|Bendigo}} | state = vic | image = Bendigo CBD.jpg | caption = Бендиго хотын төв | pop = 103,034 <!-- Do not use the LGA area figure here as it is misleading --> | pop_year = 2021 | pop_footnotes= <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 Bendigo, Census All persons QuickStats |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/20201 |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо}}</ref> | poprank = 19-т | mintemp = 8.0 | maxtemp = 21.2 | rainfall = 510.0 | elevation = 213 | coordinates = {{coord|36|45|0|S|144|16|0|E|display=inline,title}} | est = 1851 | area = 287.4 <!-- Do not use the LGA area figure here as it is misleading --> | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Census Community Profiles: Bendigo|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2004|website=ABS Census|publisher=[[Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо]]|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2017-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171026111247/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/2004|url-status=dead}}</ref> (2016 оны хотын) | timezone = [[UTC10|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[UTC11|AEST]] | utc-dst = +11 |region=[[Лоддон Малли]]| county = [[Бендиго тойрог|Бендиго]] | postcode = 3550<ref>{{cite web|title= 3550 Postcode|url=https://auspost.com.au/postcode/3550|website=Австралийн шуудан|publisher=[[Австралийн шуудан]]|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> | stategov = [[Бендиго Зүүн]] | stategov2 = [[Бендиго Баруун]] | fedgov = [[Бендиго сонгуулийн тойрог|Бендиго]] | lga = [[Их Бендиго]] | dist1 = 150 | dir1 = NW | location1 = Мельбурн | dist2 = 423 | dir2 = SE | location2 = Милдьюра | dist3 = 98 | dir3 = NE | location3 = Балларат }} '''Бендиго''' (Bendigo; Бе́ндиго) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа муж]]ийн 83 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref name="население">{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/UCL211003?opendocument&navpos=220 |title=2011 Census QuickStats2011 Bendigo |access-date=2013-10-22 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924051902/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/UCL211003?opendocument&navpos=220 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Мужийн төв [[Мельбурн]]аас 150 км зайтай. == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт|location = [[Бендиго нисэх буудал (Викториа)|Бендиго нисэх буудал]] ([[Бендиго нисэх буудал (Австрали)|YBDG]]) (1991–2020, туйлын үе 1991–2025) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |unit rain days = 0.2 мм |precipitation colour = green |Jan record high C = 45.9 |Feb record high C = 45.4 |Mar record high C = 39.3 |Apr record high C = 34.3 |May record high C = 26.4 |Jun record high C = 20.7 |Jul record high C = 19.7 |Aug record high C = 24.2 |Sep record high C = 32.8 |Oct record high C = 35.5 |Nov record high C = 41.9 |Dec record high C = 44.8 |year record high C = | Jan high C = 30.2 | Feb high C = 29.6 | Mar high C = 26.2 | Apr high C = 21.4 | May high C = 16.6 | Jun high C = 13.4 | Jul high C = 12.7 | Aug high C = 14.2 | Sep high C = 17.0 | Oct high C = 21.0 | Nov high C = 24.8 | Dec high C = 27.6 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 22.3 | Feb mean C = 22.0 | Mar mean C = 19.1 | Apr mean C = 14.7 | May mean C = 11.0 | Jun mean C = 8.5 | Jul mean C = 7.7 | Aug mean C = 8.6 | Sep mean C = 10.8 | Oct mean C = 13.9 | Nov mean C = 17.4 | Dec mean C = 19.8 | year mean C = | Jan low C = 14.3 | Feb low C = 14.4 | Mar low C = 11.8 | Apr low C = 8.0 | May low C = 5.3 | Jun low C = 3.5 | Jul low C = 2.7 | Aug low C = 2.8 | Sep low C = 4.5 | Oct low C = 6.8 | Nov low C = 9.9 | Dec low C = 12.0 | year low C = |Jan record low C = 3.3 |Feb record low C = 4.0 |Mar record low C = 2.3 |Apr record low C = -1.3 |May record low C = -4.6 |Jun record low C = -5.3 |Jul record low C = -5.1 |Aug record low C = -5.0 |Sep record low C = -5.5 |Oct record low C = -3.5 |Nov record low C = -0.2 |Dec record low C = 1.9 |year record low C = -5.5 | Jan avg record high C = 40.6 | Feb avg record high C = 38.3 | Mar avg record high C = 34.5 | Apr avg record high C = 28.7 | May avg record high C = 22.2 | Jun avg record high C = 17.4 | Jul avg record high C = 16.6 | Aug avg record high C = 19.4 | Sep avg record high C = 25.0 | Oct avg record high C = 30.7 | Nov avg record high C = 35.3 | Dec avg record high C = 37.9 | year avg record high C = 41.4 | Jan avg record low C = 7.0 | Feb avg record low C = 7.5 | Mar avg record low C = 5.0 | Apr avg record low C = 1.8 | May avg record low C = -0.8 | Jun avg record low C = -2.4 | Jul avg record low C = -2.7 | Aug avg record low C = -2.6 | Sep avg record low C = -1.7 | Oct avg record low C = 0.4 | Nov avg record low C = 2.8 | Dec avg record low C = 5.0 | year avg record low C = -3.4 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 33.7 |Feb rain mm = 30.5 |Mar rain mm = 29.2 |Apr rain mm = 34.7 |May rain mm = 46.9 |Jun rain mm = 50.3 |Jul rain mm = 53.0 |Aug rain mm = 51.9 |Sep rain mm = 50.2 |Oct rain mm = 39.5 |Nov rain mm = 45.5 |Dec rain mm = 39.2 |year rain mm = |Jan rain days = 6.0 |Feb rain days = 5.2 |Mar rain days = 5.2 |Apr rain days = 6.7 |May rain days = 11.6 |Jun rain days = 13.0 |Jul rain days = 15.6 |Aug rain days = 13.8 |Sep rain days = 11.7 |Oct rain days = 8.7 |Nov rain days = 7.7 |Dec rain days = 6.9 |year rain days = |humidity colour = green |Jan afthumidity = 30 |Feb afthumidity = 32 |Mar afthumidity = 35 |Apr afthumidity = 41 |May afthumidity = 55 |Jun afthumidity = 65 |Jul afthumidity = 65 |Aug afthumidity = 57 |Sep afthumidity = 51 |Oct afthumidity = 41 |Nov afthumidity = 36 |Dec afthumidity = 31 |year humidity = 45 |source 1 = [[Австралийн Цаг Уурын Товчоо]]<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/ |title = Climate data online (Station number: 081123) |publisher = Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date = 2026-06-04}}</ref> }} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Bendigo, Victoria}} ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Бендиго| ]] [[Ангилал:Викториагийн суурин]] ijnup6qwh6slrfag2gb4p9ry043myao 0 36772 859945 576420 2026-06-23T21:53:26Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Вуллонгонг | native_name = {{native name|en|Wollongong}} | state = nsw | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 270 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Wollongong and Port Kembla from Mount Keira (2).jpg{{!}} City Centre |caption1 = Вуллонгонг ба эргэн тойрон | image2 = WollongongCourtHouse.JPG{{!}} Вуллонгонг шүүхийн байр |caption2 = Шүүхийн байр | image3 = Crown Street, Wollongong 20220619110018 (2).jpg{{!}}Crown Street |caption3 = [[Краун гудамж, Вуллонгонг|Краун гудамж]] | image4 = Wollongong Harbour Flagstaff Lighthouse and Fort (2) (cropped).jpg{{!}}Flagstaff Hill Lighthouse |caption4 = [[Вуллонгонг толгойн гэрэлт цамхаг|Гэрэлт цамхаг]] | image5 = Heritage Hotel, Bulli (2).jpg{{!}}Heritage Hotel, Bulli |caption5 = [[Heritage Hotel]] | image6 = Wollongong Harbour, Cove Beach and Foreshore (2).jpg{{!}}Wollongong Harbour, Brighton Beach | caption6 = Брайтон Бич }} | image_flag = Flag of Wollongong.jpg | flag_size = 155px | force_national_map = | relief = yes | logo = Wollongong Coat of Arms.jpg | logo_upright = 0.3 | blank_emblem_type = Сүлд | coordinates = {{Coord|-34.427243|150.893915|display=inline|format=dms}} | pushpin_label_position = | map_alt = | pop = | pop_year = | pop_footnotes = | poprank = | density = | density_footnotes = | established = | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 2500 | elevation = 5 | elevation_footnotes = | area = 572.2 | area_footnotes = | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | lga = Вуллонгонг хот | lga2 = Шеллхарбор хот | lga3 = Киама хотын захиргаа | region = Иллаварра | county = | stategov = [[Хиткот сонгуулийн тойрог|Хиткот]] | stategov2 = [[Кейра сонгуулийн тойрог|Кейра]] | stategov3 = [[Киама сонгуулийн тойрог|Киама]] | stategov4 = [[Шеллхарбор сонгуулийн тойрог|Шеллхарбор]] | stategov5 = [[Вуллонгонг сонгуулийн тойрог|Вуллонгонг]] | fedgov = [[Каннингем сонгуулийн тойрог|Каннингем]] | url = | maxtemp = 21.8 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 13.3 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 1320.9 | rainfall_footnotes = | dist1 = 85 | dir1 = S | location1 = [[Сидней]] | dist2 = 40 | dir2 = N | location2 = [[Киама, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Киама]] | dist3 = 73 | dir3 = E | location3 = [[Боурал]] | dist4 = 72 | dir4 = NE | location4 = [[Наура]] | dist5 = 244 | dir5 = ENE | location5 = [[Канберра]] | near-nw = [[Гвинневиль, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Гвинневиль]] | near-n = [[Хойд Вуллонгонг, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Хойд Вуллонгонг]] | near-ne = ''[[Номхон далай]]'' | near-w = [[Мангертон, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Мангертон]] | near-e = ''[[Номхон далай]]'' | near-sw = [[Гэгээн Томас уул, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Гэгээн Томас уул]] | near-s = [[Конистон, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Конистон]] | near-se = ''[[Номхон далай]]'' | near = | footnotes = }} '''Вуллонгонг''' (Wollongong; [ˈwʊləŋɡɒŋ]; Ву́ллонгон, Вуллонгонг) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс|Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс муж]]ийн 95 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/3218.0~2009-10~Main+Features~New+South+Wales?OpenDocument#PARALINK23 "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2009–10".]</ref> Мужийн төв [[Сидней]]гээс 82 км зайтай. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Wollongong}} ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Вуллонгонг| ]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] kah42m44jtzc5ug6niv2m0ioc9ja4lh 0 36774 859946 748202 2026-06-23T21:55:07Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Ньюкасл (Австрали)]] to [[Ньюкасл, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] 748202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин |Name = Ньюкасл |Wappen = |Flagge = |Bild = Newcastle view.jpg |Beschriftung = Ньюкасл (2007) |Bundesstaat = Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс |Gegründet = 1804 |lat = 32/55/0/S |lon = 151/45/0 |Höhe = 9 |Einwohner = 308308 |EinwohnerStand = 2011 |EinwohnerQuelle = <ref>{{Census 2011 AUS|id =UCL102004|name =Newcastle (Urban Centre/Locality) |accessdate = 2013-10-30}}</ref> |Fläche = 261.8 |Zeitzone = UTC+10 |Telefonvorwahl = |Postleitzahl = 2300–2308 |StatisticalDivision = |LGA = Newcastle City<br /> Lake Macquarie City<br /> Cessnock City<br /> Maitland City<br /> Port Stephens Council |Webpräsenz = www.ncc.nsw.gov.au |Karte = |Kartenbreite = 280 }} '''Ньюкасл''' (Newcastle; Ньюка́сл) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс|Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс муж]]ийн 31 түмэн хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics "Newcastle (Urban Centre/Locality)".]</ref> Мужийн төв [[Сидней]]гээсээ 162 км зайтай. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Newcastle, New South Wales}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180906011434/http://www.ncc.nsw.gov.au/ Newcastle City Council] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Ньюкасл (Австрали)| ]] ns512acymaeyzb77whi8r7ufvmqbfa6 859948 859946 2026-06-23T22:03:44Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859948 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Ньюкасл | native_name = {{native name|en|Newcastle}} | state = nsw | image = {{multiple image | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | image1 = Newcastle from Nobbys (2) b (cropped).jpg | alt1 = Ньюкасл хотын төв | caption1 = Ньюкасл хотын төв | image2 = The Custom House, Newcastle.jpg | alt2 = Гаалийн газар | caption2 = [[Ньюкаслын Гаалийн Газар|Гаалийн Газар]] | image3 = Newcastle Town Hall - 50732203368.jpg | alt3 = Хотын захиргаа | caption3 = [[Ньюкасл Хотын захиргаа (Австрали)|Хотын захиргаа]] | image4 = 2 christ church cathedral.jpg | alt4 = Christ Church Cathedral | caption4 = [[Христийн сүмийн сүм, Ньюкасл|Христийн сүмийн сүм]] | image5 = Watt Street Newcastle - 8345787232 (cropped).jpg | alt5 = Уатт гудамж | caption5 = Уатт гудамж | image6 = Nobbys Beach Newcastle NSW.jpg | alt6 = Ноббис Хэд | caption6 = [[Ноббис Хэд]] | image7 = Civic Light Rail Stop (cropped).jpg | alt7 = Викториа талбай | caption7 = [[Хантер гудамж, Ньюкасл|Хантер гудамж]] }} | caption = | coordinates = {{coord|32|55|50|S|151|45|15|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map_caption = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] дэх Ньюкаслын байршил | relief = 1 | pop = 508437 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} | pop_footnotes = (Хотын чухал бүс нутаг)<ref name=SUA2021>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=1025|name=Newcastle-Maitland|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> | poprank = 7-д | pop2 = 348539 | pop2_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} | pop2_footnotes = (Хотын төв)<ref name=UCL2021>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=UCL102004|name=Newcastle|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> | density = | est = 1804 | elevation = 9 | area = 1179.1 | timezone = [[UTC+10:00|AEST]] | utc = +10:00 | timezone-dst = [[UTC+11:00|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11:00 | dist1 = 162 | dir1 = NNE | location1 = [[Сидней]] | dist2 = 791 | dir2 = SSW | location2 = [[Брисбэн]] | dist3 = 86 | dir3 = NE | location3 = [[Госфорд]] | dist4 = 166 | dir4 = SSW | location4 = [[Форстер, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Форстер]] | dist5 = 78 | dir5 = SE | location5 = [[Синглтон, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Синглтон]] | lga = Ньюкасл хот | lga2 = Лейк-Маккуори хот | lga3 = Мэйтланд хот | lga4 = Сесснок хот | lga5 = Порт-Стивенсын зөвлөл | region = [[Хантер хөндий|Хантер]] | county = [[Нортумберленд тойрог, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Нортумберленд]] | parish = | stategov = *[[Сесснок сонгуулийн тойрог|Сесснок]]<br> *[[Чарльзтаун сонгуулийн тойрог|Чарльзтаун]] *[[Лейк-Маккуори сонгуулийн тойрог|Лейк-Маккуори]] *[[Ньюкасл сонгуулийн тойрог|Ньюкасл]] *[[Порт-Стивенс сонгуулийн тойрог|Порт-Стивенс]] *[[Суонси сонгуулийн тойрог|Суонси]] *[[Уоллсенд сонгуулийн тойрог|Уоллсенд]] | fedgov = [[Ньюкасл (Австралийн парламентын тойрог)|Ньюкасл]] | fedgov2 = [[Хантер сонгуулийн тойрог|Хантер]] | fedgov3 = [[Патерсон сонгуулийн тойрог|Патерсон]] | fedgov4 = [[Шортланд сонгуулийн тойрог|Шортланд]] | maxtemp = 22.2 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 15.1 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 1034.5 | rainfall_footnotes = }} '''Ньюкасл''' (Newcastle; Ньюка́сл) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс|Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльс муж]]ийн 31 түмэн хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics "Newcastle (Urban Centre/Locality)".]</ref> Мужийн төв [[Сидней]]гээсээ 162 км зайтай. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Newcastle, New South Wales}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180906011434/http://www.ncc.nsw.gov.au/ Newcastle City Council] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Ньюкасл (Австрали)| ]] mjx4sp0s9rpud1p4w987e6ickt512y9 859949 859948 2026-06-23T22:04:27Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Ньюкасл | native_name = {{native name|en|Newcastle}} | state = nsw | image = {{multiple image | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | caption_align = center | image1 = Newcastle from Nobbys (2) b (cropped).jpg | alt1 = Ньюкасл хотын төв | caption1 = Ньюкасл хотын төв | image2 = The Custom House, Newcastle.jpg | alt2 = Гаалийн газар | caption2 = [[Ньюкаслын Гаалийн Газар|Гаалийн Газар]] | image3 = Newcastle Town Hall - 50732203368.jpg | alt3 = Хотын захиргаа | caption3 = [[Ньюкасл Хотын захиргаа (Австрали)|Хотын захиргаа]] | image4 = 2 christ church cathedral.jpg | alt4 = Christ Church Cathedral | caption4 = [[Христийн сүмийн сүм, Ньюкасл|Христийн сүмийн сүм]] | image5 = Watt Street Newcastle - 8345787232 (cropped).jpg | alt5 = Уатт гудамж | caption5 = Уатт гудамж | image6 = Nobbys Beach Newcastle NSW.jpg | alt6 = Ноббис Хэд | caption6 = [[Ноббис Хэд]] | image7 = Civic Light Rail Stop (cropped).jpg | alt7 = Викториа талбай | caption7 = [[Хантер гудамж, Ньюкасл|Хантер гудамж]] }} | caption = | coordinates = {{coord|32|55|50|S|151|45|15|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map_caption = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] дэх Ньюкаслын байршил | relief = 1 | pop = 508437 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} | pop_footnotes = (Хотын чухал бүс нутаг)<ref name=SUA2021>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=1025|name=Newcastle-Maitland|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> | poprank = 7-д | pop2 = 348539 | pop2_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} | pop2_footnotes = (Хотын төв)<ref name=UCL2021>{{Census 2021 AUS|id=UCL102004|name=Newcastle|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> | density = | est = 1804 | elevation = 9 | area = 1179.1 | timezone = [[UTC+10:00|AEST]] | utc = +10:00 | timezone-dst = [[UTC+11:00|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11:00 | dist1 = 162 | dir1 = NNE | location1 = [[Сидней]] | dist2 = 791 | dir2 = SSW | location2 = [[Брисбэн]] | dist3 = 86 | dir3 = NE | location3 = [[Госфорд]] | dist4 = 166 | dir4 = SSW | location4 = [[Форстер, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Форстер]] | dist5 = 78 | dir5 = SE | location5 = [[Синглтон, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Синглтон]] | lga = Ньюкасл хот | lga2 = Лейк-Маккуори хот | lga3 = Мэйтланд хот | lga4 = Сесснок хот | lga5 = Порт-Стивенсын зөвлөл | region = [[Хантер хөндий|Хантер]] | county = [[Нортумберленд тойрог, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Нортумберленд]] | parish = | stategov = *[[Сесснок сонгуулийн тойрог|Сесснок]]<br> *[[Чарльзтаун сонгуулийн тойрог|Чарльзтаун]] *[[Лейк-Маккуори сонгуулийн тойрог|Лейк-Маккуори]] *[[Ньюкасл сонгуулийн тойрог|Ньюкасл]] *[[Порт-Стивенс сонгуулийн тойрог|Порт-Стивенс]] *[[Суонси сонгуулийн тойрог|Суонси]] *[[Уоллсенд сонгуулийн тойрог|Уоллсенд]] | fedgov = [[Ньюкасл (Австралийн парламентын тойрог)|Ньюкасл]] | fedgov2 = [[Хантер сонгуулийн тойрог|Хантер]] | fedgov3 = [[Патерсон сонгуулийн тойрог|Патерсон]] | fedgov4 = [[Шортланд сонгуулийн тойрог|Шортланд]] | maxtemp = 22.2 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 15.1 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 1034.5 | rainfall_footnotes = }} '''Ньюкасл''' (Newcastle; Ньюка́сл) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]]ийн 31 түмэн хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics "Newcastle (Urban Centre/Locality)".]</ref> Мужийн төв [[Сидней]]гээсээ 162 км зайтай. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Newcastle, New South Wales}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180906011434/http://www.ncc.nsw.gov.au/ Newcastle City Council] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Ньюкасл (Австрали)| ]] cork5i4bebd6vqy8te89eq5tpx4n5o5 0 36775 859950 576446 2026-06-23T22:09:04Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Уогга-Уогга | native_name = {{native name|en|Wagga Wagga}} | state = NSW | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Aerial view of Central Wagga Wagga.jpg | caption1 = Уогга-Уогга хотын төв | image2 = St Michael's Cathedral (Church Street view).jpg | caption2 = Гэгээн Майклын сүм | image3 = Chisholm Fountain at the Victory Memorial Gardens 01.jpg | caption3 = Чисхолмын усан оргилуур | image4 = Henry's Tunnel, Wagga Wagga.jpg | caption4 = [[Вилланс Хилл бяцхан төмөр зам]] | image5 = Historic Council Chambers, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2022, 01.jpg | caption5 = Түүхийн зөвлөлийн танхим }} | caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|35|7|8|S|147|22|8|E|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | lga = Уогга-Уогга хот | county = *[[Виньярд тойрог|Виньярд]] <br /> *[[Кларендон тойрог, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Кларендон]] | parish = Өмнөд Уогга-Уогга | stategov = [[Уогга-Уогга сонгуулийн тойрог|Уогга-Уогга]] | fedgov = [[Риверина сонгуулийн тойрог|Риверина]] | elevation= 180<ref>{{cite web|last1=Чэнь|first1=Шанян|title=Wagga Wagga 1:100 000 Map Sheet, New South Wales|url=http://crcleme.org.au/RegLandEvol/WaggaWagga.pdf|website=Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration|access-date=2026-06-23|year=2003}}</ref> | maxtemp = 22.1 | mintemp = 9.0 | rainfall = 573.4 | postcode = 2650 | pop = 57003 | pop_year = 2021 | pop_footnotes = <ref name=Census2021/> | poprank = 26th | est = 1829 (судлагдсан)<ref name="WillamE"/><br />1847 (тосгон)<br />1849 (судалгаанд хамрагдсан)<br />1849 (суурин)<br />1870 (хотын захиргаа)<br />1946 (хот) | timezone = [[Австрали дахь цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10:00 | timezone-dst = [[Австрали дахь цаг|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11:00 <!-- | local_map = yes needs but I think the LGA link would be better, this does say the city of, not the suburb, but the wikidata says the LGA --> | dist1 = 452 | dir1 = SW | location1 = [[Сидней]] | dist2 = 456 | dir2 = NE | location2 = [[Мельбурн]] | dist3 = 244 | dir3 = W | location3 = [[Канберра]] | dist4 = 147 | dir4 = NNE| location4 = [[Олбери]] | dist5 = 27 | dir5 = E | location5 = [[Коллингулли]] }} '''Уогга-Уогга''' (Wagga Wagga; [ˈwɒɡəˈwɒɡə]; Вагга Вагга, Вога Вога) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]]ийн 5 түмэн хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/3218.0~2009-10~Main+Features~New+South+Wales?OpenDocument#PARALINK23 "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2009–10".]</ref> Мужийн төв [[Сидней]]гээс 452 км зайтай. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|Wagga Wagga}} ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Уогга-Уогга| ]] [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] mnp5jgjfu56e3o7yc0erou8iaphu7a3 859951 859950 2026-06-23T22:09:43Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Уогга-Уогга | native_name = {{native name|en|Wagga Wagga}} | state = NSW | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Aerial view of Central Wagga Wagga.jpg | caption1 = Уогга-Уогга хотын төв | image2 = St Michael's Cathedral (Church Street view).jpg | caption2 = Гэгээн Майклын сүм | image3 = Chisholm Fountain at the Victory Memorial Gardens 01.jpg | caption3 = Чисхолмын усан оргилуур | image4 = Henry's Tunnel, Wagga Wagga.jpg | caption4 = [[Вилланс Хилл бяцхан төмөр зам]] | image5 = Historic Council Chambers, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2022, 01.jpg | caption5 = Түүхийн зөвлөлийн танхим }} | caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|35|7|8|S|147|22|8|E|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | lga = Уогга-Уогга хот | county = *[[Виньярд тойрог|Виньярд]] <br /> *[[Кларендон тойрог, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Кларендон]] | parish = Өмнөд Уогга-Уогга | stategov = [[Уогга-Уогга сонгуулийн тойрог|Уогга-Уогга]] | fedgov = [[Риверина сонгуулийн тойрог|Риверина]] | elevation= 180 | elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|last1=Чэнь|first1=Шанян|title=Wagga Wagga 1:100 000 Map Sheet, New South Wales|url=http://crcleme.org.au/RegLandEvol/WaggaWagga.pdf|website=Cooperative Research Centre for Landscape Environments and Mineral Exploration|access-date=2026-06-23|year=2003}}</ref> | maxtemp = 22.1 | mintemp = 9.0 | rainfall = 573.4 | postcode = 2650 | pop = 57003 | pop_year = 2021 | pop_footnotes = <ref name=Census2021/> | poprank = 26-д | est = 1829 (судлагдсан)<ref name="WillamE"/><br />1847 (тосгон)<br />1849 (судалгаанд хамрагдсан)<br />1849 (суурин)<br />1870 (хотын захиргаа)<br />1946 (хот) | timezone = [[Австрали дахь цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10:00 | timezone-dst = [[Австрали дахь цаг|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11:00 <!-- | local_map = yes needs but I think the LGA link would be better, this does say the city of, not the suburb, but the wikidata says the LGA --> | dist1 = 452 | dir1 = SW | location1 = [[Сидней]] | dist2 = 456 | dir2 = NE | location2 = [[Мельбурн]] | dist3 = 244 | dir3 = W | location3 = [[Канберра]] | dist4 = 147 | dir4 = NNE| location4 = [[Олбери]] | dist5 = 27 | dir5 = E | location5 = [[Коллингулли]] }} '''Уогга-Уогга''' (Wagga Wagga; [ˈwɒɡəˈwɒɡə]; Вагга Вагга, Вога Вога) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]]ийн 5 түмэн хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Products/3218.0~2009-10~Main+Features~New+South+Wales?OpenDocument#PARALINK23 "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2009–10".]</ref> Мужийн төв [[Сидней]]гээс 452 км зайтай. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|Wagga Wagga}} ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Уогга-Уогга| ]] [[Ангилал:Шинэ Өмнөд Вэльсийн суурин]] lr4znk4sadbblk9drnvggnzcfan7akd 0 36825 859952 858199 2026-06-23T22:10:10Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Голд-Кост]] to [[Голд-Кост, Квийнслэнд]] 858199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин |Name = Голд-Кост |Wappen = |Flagge = |Bild = Q1 building GoldCoast.jpg |Beschriftung = |Bundesstaat = [[Квийнслэнд]] |Verwaltung = Gold Coast City Council |Gegründet = 1959 |lat = 28/01/0/S |lon = 153/24/0 |Höhe = |Einwohner = 591473 |EinwohnerStand = 2010 |EinwohnerQuelle = <ref name="abs.gov.au">{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0 |title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2010-11 |publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics |date=2012-03-30 |accessdate=2012-04-24}}</ref> |Fläche = 1402 |Zeitzone = [[UTC+10]] |Telefonvorwahl = |Postleitzahl = 4210–4230 |LGA = Gold Coast City |Webpräsenz = www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au |Karte = |Kartenbreite = 280 }} '''Голд-Кост''' (Gold Coast - ''алтан эрэг'') — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Квийнслэнд]] мужийн 591,473 хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0 "3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2010-11"].</ref> == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт | location = Голд-Кост, Сивэй (1992–2020) | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 38.5 | Feb record high C = 40.5 | Mar record high C = 36.3 | Apr record high C = 33.3 | May record high C = 29.4 | Jun record high C = 27.1 | Jul record high C = 28.9 | Aug record high C = 32.4 | Sep record high C = 33.0 | Oct record high C = 38.0 | Nov record high C = 35.5 | Dec record high C = 39.4 | year record high C = | Jan avg record high C = 33.2 | Feb avg record high C = 32.7 | Mar avg record high C = 32.5 | Apr avg record high C = 29.7 | May avg record high C = 26.9 | Jun avg record high C = 24.9 | Jul avg record high C = 25.1 | Aug avg record high C = 26.5 | Sep avg record high C = 29.1 | Oct avg record high C = 31.3 | Nov avg record high C = 31.8 | Dec avg record high C = 33.3 | year avg record high C = 35.6 | Jan high C = 28.9 | Feb high C = 28.7 | Mar high C = 28.0 | Apr high C = 26.1 | May high C = 23.6 | Jun high C = 21.4 | Jul high C = 21.3 | Aug high C = 22.1 | Sep high C = 24.0 | Oct high C = 25.4 | Nov high C = 26.9 | Dec high C = 28.0 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 25.2 | Mar mean C = 24.5 | Apr mean C = 22.2 | May mean C = 19.5 | Jun mean C = 17.3 | Jul mean C = 16.7 | Aug mean C = 17.3 | Sep mean C = 19.4 | Oct mean C = 21.1 | Nov mean C = 23.0 | Dec mean C = 24.2 | Jan low C = 21.9 | Feb low C = 21.8 | Mar low C = 20.9 | Apr low C = 18.3 | May low C = 15.4 | Jun low C = 13.3 | Jul low C = 12.0 | Aug low C = 12.5 | Sep low C = 14.8 | Oct low C = 16.9 | Nov low C = 19.0 | Dec low C = 20.5 | year low C = | Jan avg record low C = 18.8 | Feb avg record low C = 19.3 | Mar avg record low C = 17.6 | Apr avg record low C = 14.4 | May avg record low C = 10.5 | Jun avg record low C = 7.9 | Jul avg record low C = 7.1 | Aug avg record low C = 7.7 | Sep avg record low C = 10.5 | Oct avg record low C = 12.5 | Nov avg record low C = 15.1 | Dec avg record low C = 17.0 | year avg record low C = 6.3 | Jan record low C = 16.7 | Feb record low C = 17.2 | Mar record low C = 13.4 | Apr record low C = 8.9 | May record low C = 6.6 | Jun record low C = 3.8 | Jul record low C = 2.5 | Aug record low C = 4.2 | Sep record low C = 7.9 | Oct record low C = 9.4 | Nov record low C = 13.2 | Dec record low C = 14.7 | year record low C = | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 136.7 | Feb precipitation mm = 132.6 | Mar precipitation mm = 134.0 | Apr precipitation mm = 118.7 | May precipitation mm = 97.6 | Jun precipitation mm = 113.9 | Jul precipitation mm = 100.3 | Aug precipitation mm = 54.8 | Sep precipitation mm = 41.2 | Oct precipitation mm = 87.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 106.7 | Dec precipitation mm = 129.0 | year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1 мм | Jan precipitation days = 8.8 | Feb precipitation days = 8.3 | Mar precipitation days = 9.0 | Apr precipitation days = 8.6 | May precipitation days = 8.1 | Jun precipitation days = 7.2 | Jul precipitation days = 7.0 | Aug precipitation days = 6.3 | Sep precipitation days = 5.1 | Oct precipitation days = 6.3 | Nov precipitation days = 8.0 | Dec precipitation days = 9.3 | year precipitation days = | Jan afthumidity = 70 | Feb afthumidity = 70 | Mar afthumidity = 68 | Apr afthumidity = 65 | May afthumidity = 62 | Jun afthumidity = 58 | Jul afthumidity = 55 | Aug afthumidity = 56 | Sep afthumidity = 62 | Oct afthumidity = 66 | Nov afthumidity = 68 | Dec afthumidity = 69 | year humidity = | Jan dew point C = 20.5 | Feb dew point C = 20.7 | Mar dew point C = 19.3 | Apr dew point C = 16.7 | May dew point C = 13.8 | Jun dew point C = 11.0 | Jul dew point C = 9.8 | Aug dew point C = 10.4 | Sep dew point C = 13.2 | Oct dew point C = 15.5 | Nov dew point C = 17.3 | Dec dew point C = 18.9 | year dew point C = 15.6 | source 1 = [[Цаг уурын товчоо]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate statistics for Australian locations |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=040764&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |publisher=[[Цаг уурын товчоо]] |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817195729/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=040764&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly highest temperature |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |publisher=[[Цаг уурын товчоо]] |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2022-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206150724/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly lowest temperature |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |publisher=[[Цаг уурын товчоо]] |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2022-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206145614/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |url-status=live }}</ref> | source = }} == Хамтын ажиллагаатай хотууд == {| | width=450 | * {{CHN|#}} [[Бэйхай]], Хятад, 1997 оноос хойш * {{UAE|#}} [[Дубай хот|Дубай]], [[Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмират Улс|АНЭУ]], 2001 оноос хойш * {{USA|#}} [[Форт Лодердейл]], Флорида (АНУ), 1980 оноос хойш * {{FRA|#}} [[Нумеа]], Шинэ Каледони (Франц), 1992 оноос хойш | * {{TWN|#}} [[Тайбэй]], Тайвань, 1982 оноос хойш * {{TWN|#}} [[Тайнань]], Тайвань, 1982 оноос хойш * {{JPN|#}} [[Такасү]], Япон, 1995 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Чжухай]], Хятад, 2012 оноос хойш |} {| | width=450 | Бусад нөхөрсөг харилцаатай хотууд: * {{JPN|#}} [[Канагава]], Япон, 1990 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Цзинин]], Хятад, 2014 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Чөндү]], Хятад, 2014 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Үхань]], Хятад, 2015 оноос хойш | Идэвхтэй бус харилцаатай хотууд: * [[Керкира]], Грек * Хоровенуа, Шинэ Зеланд * [[Нетания]], Израиль * [[Улаанбаатар]], Монгол Улс |} == Зураг== <gallery widths="240px" heights="170px"> Зураг:Goldcoast Queensland Australia aerial view.jpg Зураг:Chevron Islad in Surfers Paradise.jpg Зураг: Зураг: </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|Gold Coast, Australia}} * [http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/ Gold Coast City Council] == Эшлэл == {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Квийнслэндийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Голд-Кост (Австрали)| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] obvvyeaqxliz64zobnenljfncktye19 859955 859952 2026-06-23T22:19:56Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн эргийн хот}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Голд-Кост | native_name = {{native name|en|Gold Coast}} | state = qld | image = {{multiple image |border = infobox |perrow = 1/2/2/2 |total_width = 280 | caption_align = center |image1 = Gold Coast skyline (Unsplash).jpg |caption1 = [[Q1 (барилга)|Q1]] болон Голд-Костын тэнгэрийн хаяа |image2 = The Wave building Broadbeach, Gold Coast, Queensland 02.jpg | caption2 = [[Бродбич, Квийнслэнд|Бродбич]] |image3 = Jewel towers at midday seen from Isle of Capri, Gold Coast, Queensland, July 2021, 02.jpg |caption3 = [[Капри арал, Квийнслэнд|Капри арал]] |image4 = FC 2 test, surfers paradise boulevard, March 2014.JPG | caption4 = [[Голд-Костын трамвай]] |image5 = Chevron Renaissance Shopping Mall & Apartment Complex in GC HWY.jpg | caption5 = [[Chevron Renaissance]] |image6 = Home of the Arts, Surfers Paradise, Gold Coast, 2023, 04.jpg | caption6 = [[Урлагийн гэр, Голд-Кост|Урлагийн гэр]] |image7 = Warner Bros. Movie World - Journey to the Center of the Earth 4-D Adventure.jpg | caption7 = Рокси театр}} | pop = 681,389 | pop_year = 2024 | pop_footnotes =<ref name="x043">{{cite web | title=Gold Coast (City, Australia) | website=Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location | date=2024-06-30 | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/australia/admin/queensland/33430__gold_coast/ | access-date=2026-06-23 | archive-date=2025-11-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251112204655/http://citypopulation.de/en/australia/admin/queensland/33430__gold_coast/ | url-status=live }}</ref> |pop2=750,997 (Бөөгнөрөл)|pop2_year=2024|pop2_footnotes=<ref name="d689">{{cite web | title=Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information | website=Australia: Agglomerations | date=1991-06-30 | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/australia/cities/?cityid=26677 | access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref>| poprank = 6-д | density = 972 | density_footnotes = | est = {{start date|1865|df=yes}} | force_national_map = | coordinates = {{Coord|-27.9983|153.3344|display=inline, title|title=Gold Coast}} | relief = yes | pushpin_label_position = left | elevation = | elevation_footnotes = | area = 414.3 | area_footnotes = | timezone = [[Австрали дахь цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10:00 | dist1 = 71.4 <!-- road distances as per template instructions --> | dir1 = SSE | location1 = [[Брисбэн]] | region = | county = | lga = Голд-Кост хот | stategov = {{plainlist| * [[Бонни сонгуулийн тойрог|Бонни]] * [[Бродвотер сонгуулийн тойрог|Бродвотер]] * [[Берли сонгуулийн тойрог|Берли]] * [[Кумера сонгуулийн тойрог|Кумера]] * [[Каррумбин сонгуулийн тойрог|Каррумбин]] * [[Гавен сонгуулийн тойрог|Гавен]] * [[Мермейд Бич сонгуулийн тойрог|Мермейд Бич]] * [[Муджираба сонгуулийн тойрог|Муджираба]] * [[Саутпорт сонгуулийн тойрог|Саутпорт]] * [[Серферс-Парадайз сонгуулийн тойрог|Серферс-Парадайз]] * [[Теодор сонгуулийн тойрог|Теодор]] }} | fedgov = {{plainlist| * [[Фадден сонгуулийн тойрог|Фадден]] * [[Форд сонгуулийн тойрог|Форд]] * [[Мак-Ферсон сонгуулийн тойрог|Мак-Ферсон]] * [[Монкрифф сонгуулийн тойрог|Монкрифф]] * [[Райт сонгуулийн тойрог|Райт]] }} | logo = | url = | maxtemp = 25.4 | mintemp = 17.3 | rainfall = 1252.9 }} '''Голд-Кост''' (Gold Coast - ''алтан эрэг'') — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Квийнслэнд]] мужийн 591,473 хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>[http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/mf/3218.0 "3218.0 - Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2010-11"].</ref> == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт | location = Голд-Кост, Сивэй (1992–2020) | metric first = Yes | single line = Yes | Jan record high C = 38.5 | Feb record high C = 40.5 | Mar record high C = 36.3 | Apr record high C = 33.3 | May record high C = 29.4 | Jun record high C = 27.1 | Jul record high C = 28.9 | Aug record high C = 32.4 | Sep record high C = 33.0 | Oct record high C = 38.0 | Nov record high C = 35.5 | Dec record high C = 39.4 | year record high C = | Jan avg record high C = 33.2 | Feb avg record high C = 32.7 | Mar avg record high C = 32.5 | Apr avg record high C = 29.7 | May avg record high C = 26.9 | Jun avg record high C = 24.9 | Jul avg record high C = 25.1 | Aug avg record high C = 26.5 | Sep avg record high C = 29.1 | Oct avg record high C = 31.3 | Nov avg record high C = 31.8 | Dec avg record high C = 33.3 | year avg record high C = 35.6 | Jan high C = 28.9 | Feb high C = 28.7 | Mar high C = 28.0 | Apr high C = 26.1 | May high C = 23.6 | Jun high C = 21.4 | Jul high C = 21.3 | Aug high C = 22.1 | Sep high C = 24.0 | Oct high C = 25.4 | Nov high C = 26.9 | Dec high C = 28.0 | year high C = | Jan mean C = 25.4 | Feb mean C = 25.2 | Mar mean C = 24.5 | Apr mean C = 22.2 | May mean C = 19.5 | Jun mean C = 17.3 | Jul mean C = 16.7 | Aug mean C = 17.3 | Sep mean C = 19.4 | Oct mean C = 21.1 | Nov mean C = 23.0 | Dec mean C = 24.2 | Jan low C = 21.9 | Feb low C = 21.8 | Mar low C = 20.9 | Apr low C = 18.3 | May low C = 15.4 | Jun low C = 13.3 | Jul low C = 12.0 | Aug low C = 12.5 | Sep low C = 14.8 | Oct low C = 16.9 | Nov low C = 19.0 | Dec low C = 20.5 | year low C = | Jan avg record low C = 18.8 | Feb avg record low C = 19.3 | Mar avg record low C = 17.6 | Apr avg record low C = 14.4 | May avg record low C = 10.5 | Jun avg record low C = 7.9 | Jul avg record low C = 7.1 | Aug avg record low C = 7.7 | Sep avg record low C = 10.5 | Oct avg record low C = 12.5 | Nov avg record low C = 15.1 | Dec avg record low C = 17.0 | year avg record low C = 6.3 | Jan record low C = 16.7 | Feb record low C = 17.2 | Mar record low C = 13.4 | Apr record low C = 8.9 | May record low C = 6.6 | Jun record low C = 3.8 | Jul record low C = 2.5 | Aug record low C = 4.2 | Sep record low C = 7.9 | Oct record low C = 9.4 | Nov record low C = 13.2 | Dec record low C = 14.7 | year record low C = | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 136.7 | Feb precipitation mm = 132.6 | Mar precipitation mm = 134.0 | Apr precipitation mm = 118.7 | May precipitation mm = 97.6 | Jun precipitation mm = 113.9 | Jul precipitation mm = 100.3 | Aug precipitation mm = 54.8 | Sep precipitation mm = 41.2 | Oct precipitation mm = 87.4 | Nov precipitation mm = 106.7 | Dec precipitation mm = 129.0 | year precipitation mm = | unit precipitation days = 1 мм | Jan precipitation days = 8.8 | Feb precipitation days = 8.3 | Mar precipitation days = 9.0 | Apr precipitation days = 8.6 | May precipitation days = 8.1 | Jun precipitation days = 7.2 | Jul precipitation days = 7.0 | Aug precipitation days = 6.3 | Sep precipitation days = 5.1 | Oct precipitation days = 6.3 | Nov precipitation days = 8.0 | Dec precipitation days = 9.3 | year precipitation days = | Jan afthumidity = 70 | Feb afthumidity = 70 | Mar afthumidity = 68 | Apr afthumidity = 65 | May afthumidity = 62 | Jun afthumidity = 58 | Jul afthumidity = 55 | Aug afthumidity = 56 | Sep afthumidity = 62 | Oct afthumidity = 66 | Nov afthumidity = 68 | Dec afthumidity = 69 | year humidity = | Jan dew point C = 20.5 | Feb dew point C = 20.7 | Mar dew point C = 19.3 | Apr dew point C = 16.7 | May dew point C = 13.8 | Jun dew point C = 11.0 | Jul dew point C = 9.8 | Aug dew point C = 10.4 | Sep dew point C = 13.2 | Oct dew point C = 15.5 | Nov dew point C = 17.3 | Dec dew point C = 18.9 | year dew point C = 15.6 | source 1 = [[Цаг уурын товчоо]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Climate statistics for Australian locations |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=040764&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |publisher=[[Цаг уурын товчоо]] |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817195729/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/cvg/av?p_stn_num=040764&p_prim_element_index=0&p_comp_element_index=0&redraw=null&p_display_type=full_statistics_table&normals_years=1991-2020&tablesizebutt=normal |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly highest temperature |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |publisher=[[Цаг уурын товчоо]] |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2022-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206150724/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=40&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Monthly lowest temperature |url=http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |publisher=[[Цаг уурын товчоо]] |access-date=2026-06-05 |archive-date=2022-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206145614/http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/cdio/weatherData/av?p_nccObsCode=43&p_display_type=dataFile&p_startYear=&p_c=&p_stn_num=040764 |url-status=live }}</ref> | source = }} == Хамтын ажиллагаатай хотууд == {| | width=450 | * {{CHN|#}} [[Бэйхай]], Хятад, 1997 оноос хойш * {{UAE|#}} [[Дубай хот|Дубай]], [[Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмират Улс|АНЭУ]], 2001 оноос хойш * {{USA|#}} [[Форт Лодердейл]], Флорида (АНУ), 1980 оноос хойш * {{FRA|#}} [[Нумеа]], Шинэ Каледони (Франц), 1992 оноос хойш | * {{TWN|#}} [[Тайбэй]], Тайвань, 1982 оноос хойш * {{TWN|#}} [[Тайнань]], Тайвань, 1982 оноос хойш * {{JPN|#}} [[Такасү]], Япон, 1995 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Чжухай]], Хятад, 2012 оноос хойш |} {| | width=450 | Бусад нөхөрсөг харилцаатай хотууд: * {{JPN|#}} [[Канагава]], Япон, 1990 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Цзинин]], Хятад, 2014 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Чөндү]], Хятад, 2014 оноос хойш * {{CHN|#}} [[Үхань]], Хятад, 2015 оноос хойш | Идэвхтэй бус харилцаатай хотууд: * [[Керкира]], Грек * Хоровенуа, Шинэ Зеланд * [[Нетания]], Израиль * [[Улаанбаатар]], Монгол Улс |} == Зураг== <gallery widths="240px" heights="170px"> Зураг:Goldcoast Queensland Australia aerial view.jpg Зураг:Chevron Islad in Surfers Paradise.jpg Зураг: Зураг: </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|Gold Coast, Australia}} * [http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/ Gold Coast City Council] == Эшлэл == {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Квийнслэндийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Голд-Кост (Австрали)| ]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] 4j9ko7s2ywkawu2njjaclvrj40oa8zp 0 36827 859957 766593 2026-06-23T22:27:33Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859957 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн Тасманийн нийслэл}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Хобарт | state = tas | native_name = {{native name|en|Hobart}}<br/>{{nativename|xpf|Nipaluna}} | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 270 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/1 | caption_align = center | image1 = Franklin Wharf 2015 b (cropped).jpg{{!}} City Centre and kunanyi / Mount Wellington | caption1 = Хобарт хотын төв | image2 = Hobart GPO from Collins Street.jpg{{!}} General Post Office | caption2 = [[Ерөнхий Шуудангийн Газар, Хобарт|Ерөнхий Шуудангийн Газар]] | image3 = Hobart-Tasmania-Australia04.JPG{{!}}Parliament House of Tasmania | caption3 = [[Тасманийн Парламентын ордон]] | image4 = Salamanca Place, Hobart (1).jpg{{!}}Salamanca Place | caption4 = [[Саламанка Плэйс]] | image5 = Cascade Brewery 1.jpg{{!}}Cascade Brewery | caption5 = [[Каскад шар айрагны үйлдвэр]] | image6 = James Turrell's Amarna at Mona 2015.jpg{{!}}Museum of Old and New Art | caption6 = [[Хуучин ба Шинэ Урлагийн Музей]] }} | caption = | relief = yes | force_national_map = yes | local_map = yes | coordinates = {{coord|42|52|50|S|147|19|30|E|display=inline,title}} | pop = 254930 | pop_year = 2024 | pop_footnotes = <ref name=ABSGCCSA>{{cite web |title=Regional Population - 2021 |website=abs.gov.au |publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]] |url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2021-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210330092152/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/latest-release |url-status=live }}</ref> | pop2 = 197,451 (хотын) | pop2_year = 2021 | pop2_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Urban Centres and Localities 2021 Hobart |url=https://abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/UCL603001 |website=ABS |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> | poprank = 11-т | density = 145.7 | density_footnotes = (2021){{r|ABS}} | area = 1695.3 | established = {{start date|1804|02|20|df=yes}} | established_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27194837 |title=Queen to Honour David Collins in Historic Unveiling |newspaper=[[The Mercury (Hobart)|The Mercury]] |location=Хобарт, Тасмани |date=1954-02-19 |page=8, ''Royal Visit Souvenir'' supplement |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107070354/http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article27194837%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|AEST]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.syncmytime.com/australia/tasmania/hobart |title=Current time in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia |website=SyncMyTime |access-date=2026-03-11 }}</ref> | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|AEDT]] Муж: Тасмани. | utc-dst = +11 | location1 = [[Суонси, Тасмани|Суонси]] | dist1 = 134 | location2 = [[Лонсестон, Тасмани|Лонсестон]] | dist2 = 198 | location3 = [[Куинстаун, Тасмани|Куинстаун]] | dist3 = 248 | location4 = [[Девонпорт, Тасмани|Девонпорт]] | dist4 = 284 | location5 = [[Берни]] | dist5 = 325 | lga = {{plainlist| * '''Хот''' * Хобарт хот * Гленорчи хот * Кларенс хот }} | lga2 = {{plainlist| * '''Бусад ОНЗЗ''' * [[Кингборогийн зөвлөл]]{{refn|group="N"|Excluding Bruny Island}} * [[Брайтон зөвлөл (Тасмани)|Брайтон зөвлөл]] * [[Сорелл зөвлөл]] * [[Дервент хөндийн зөвлөл]]{{refn|group="N"|Only including New Norfolk}} * [[Хуон хөндийн зөвлөл]] }} | stategov = [[Кларк сонгуулин тойрог (муж)|Кларк]] | stategov2 = [[Франклин сонгуулин тойрог (муж)|Франклин]] | stategov3 = [[Лайонс сонгуулин тойрог (муж)|Лайонс]] | fedgov = [[Кларк сонгуулин тойрог|Кларк]] | fedgov2 = [[Франклин сонгуулин тойрог|Франклин]] | fedgov3 = [[Лайонс сонгуулин тойрог|Лайонс]] | maxtemp = 17.6 | maxtemp_footnotes = <ref name="BoM"/> | mintemp = 9.0 | mintemp_footnotes = <ref name="BoM"/> | rainfall = 565.3 | rainfall_footnotes = <ref name="BoM"/> }} '''Хобарт''' (Hobart) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Тасмани]] мужийн засаг захиргааны төв, 216,656 хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/6GHOB?opendocument&navpos=220 |wayback=20130512065404 |text="Hobart (GCCSA)" |archiv-bot=2024-01-07 12:06:36 InternetArchiveBot }}.</ref> == Зураг== <gallery widths="200px" heights="150px"> Зураг:Hobart Marina MTWellington.jpg Зураг:Metro Tasmania bus.jpg Зураг: Зураг: </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Hobart, Tasmania}} ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Хобарт| ]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Тасманийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] t0ppd9mwzqabe2th36k5u3fw8tf42tc 0 36828 859958 858200 2026-06-23T22:34:37Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Желонг | native_name = {{native name|en|Geelong}} | state = vic | image = {{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = Aerial perspective of Geelong (2).jpg{{!}} City Centre |caption1 = Желонг хотын төв | image2 = Geelong Town Hall (cropped).JPG{{!}} Town Hall |caption2 = [[Желонг хотын захиргаа|Хотын захиргаа]] | image3 = Geelong Post Office.JPG{{!}}Post Office |caption3 = [[Хуучин Желонг шуудангийн газар|Шуудангийн газар]] | image4 = Geelong Library 2015.jpg{{!}}Library & Heritage Centre |caption4 = [[Желонг номын сан ба өвийн төв|Номын сан ба өвийн төв]] | image5 = Basilica St Mary of the Angels, Geelong.jpg{{!}}St Mary of the Angels Basilica |caption5 = [[Гэгээн Мэригийн сүм, Желонг|Гэгээн Мэригийн сүм]] | image6 = T&G geelong (cropped).jpg{{!}}T & G Building | caption6 = [[T & G Building, Желонг|T & G Building]] | image7 = Cunningham Pier.Geelong Vic. Aust. (12076909603).jpg{{!}}Cunningham Pier | caption7 = Каннингем Пиер }} | relief = | coordinates = {{coord|38|09|0|S|144|21|0|E|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = | map_alt = | pop = 282,809 | pop_footnotes = <ref name="City of Greater Geelong Estimated Resident Population (ERP)">{{cite web |url=https://profile.id.com.au/geelong/population-estimate |title=City of Greater Geelong - Estimated Resident Population (ERP) |website=profile.id.com.au |access-date=2026-06-23 |archive-date=2024-08-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240813023122/https://profile.id.com.au/geelong/population-estimate |url-status=dead }}</ref> | pop_year = 2020 | poprank = 12th | density = | density_footnotes = | established = 1838 | established_footnotes = | abolished = | gazetted = | postcode = 3220 | elevation = 21 | elevation_footnotes = | area = 1329 | area_footnotes = <ref name="ABSSUAProf">{{Census 2016 AUS |id = 2007 |name = Geelong |access-date = 29 December 2019 }}</ref><ref name="ABSSUAList">{{cite web |title = Significant Urban Area (SUA) ASGS Edition 2016 in .csv Format |url = https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/subscriber.nsf/log?openagent&1270055004_sua_2016_aust_csv.zip&1270.0.55.004&Data%20Cubes&06739F6BDEE5A9D0CA2581B1000E0A05&0&July%202016&09.10.2017&Latest |website = Australian Bureau of Statistics |access-date= 2026-06-23 |date= 2017-10-09 }}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 74 | dir1 = SW | location1 = [[Мельбурн]] | dist2 = 75 | dir2 = E | location2 = [[Колак, Викториа|Колак]] | dist3 = 166 | dir3 = E | location3 = [[Уоррнамбул]] | lga = [[Их Желонг]] | seat = | region = | county = [[Грант тойрог, Викториа|Грант]] | division = | stategov = [[Белларин сонгуулийн тойрог|Белларин]] | stategov2 = [[Желонг сонгуулийн тойрог|Желонг]] | stategov3 = [[Лара сонгуулийн тойрог|Лара]] | stategov4 = [[Өмнөд Барвон сонгуулийн тойрог|Өмнөд Барвон]] | fedgov = [[Корангамит сонгуулийн тойрог|Корангамит]] | fedgov2 = [[Корио сонгуулийн тойрог|Корио]] | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | visitation_footnotes = | managing_authorities = | url = | maxtemp = 19.3 | maxtemp_footnotes = | mintemp = 9.0 | mintemp_footnotes = | rainfall = 525.2 | rainfall_footnotes = | near-n = | near-ne = | near-e = | near-se = | near-s = | near-sw = | near-w = | near-nw = | near = | footnotes = }} '''Желон''' (Желонг, Geelong /dʒəˈlɔŋ/) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] мужийн засаг захиргааны төв, 215 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/UCL203001 |wayback=20150924051856 |text=Хүн амын тоо |archiv-bot=2024-01-01 05:43:15 InternetArchiveBot }}.</ref> == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт |location = Желонг (2011–2026 оны хэвийн, туйлын үе 2011–2026) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes |rain colour = green |Jan record high C = 45.4 |Feb record high C = 42.0 |Mar record high C = 39.8 |Apr record high C = 35.7 |May record high C = 27.8 |Jun record high C = 20.4 |Jul record high C = 21.8 |Aug record high C = 25.8 |Sep record high C = 30.9 |Oct record high C = 35.5 |Nov record high C = 39.2 |Dec record high C = 45.1 |year record high C = 45.4 |Jan high C = 26.0 |Feb high C = 25.6 |Mar high C = 24.3 |Apr high C = 20.8 |May high C = 17.5 |Jun high C = 14.6 |Jul high C = 14.4 |Aug high C = 15.5 |Sep high C = 17.8 |Oct high C = 20.2 |Nov high C = 21.9 |Dec high C = 24.2 |year high C = | Jan mean C = 20.4 | Feb mean C = 20.1 | Mar mean C = 18.9 | Apr mean C = 15.9 | May mean C = 13.0 | Jun mean C = 10.6 | Jul mean C = 10.4 | Aug mean C = 11.1 | Sep mean C = 12.9 | Oct mean C = 14.8 | Nov mean C = 16.5 | Dec mean C = 18.5 | year mean C = |Jan low C = 14.8 |Feb low C = 14.6 |Mar low C = 13.5 |Apr low C = 11.0 |May low C = 8.5 |Jun low C = 6.6 |Jul low C = 6.4 |Aug low C = 6.6 |Sep low C = 7.9 |Oct low C = 9.3 |Nov low C = 11.1 |Dec low C = 12.7 |year low C = |Jan record low C = 8.3 |Feb record low C = 7.6 |Mar record low C = 6.9 |Apr record low C = 3.2 |May record low C = 0.3 |Jun record low C = -0.4 |Jul record low C = -2.2 |Aug record low C = -0.2 |Sep record low C = 0.7 |Oct record low C = 2.1 |Nov record low C = 4.2 |Dec record low C = 5.9 |year record low C = |Jan rain mm = 39.4 |Feb rain mm = 29.8 |Mar rain mm = 24.2 |Apr rain mm = 46.9 |May rain mm = 42.9 |Jun rain mm = 53.0 |Jul rain mm = 39.7 |Aug rain mm = 41.3 |Sep rain mm = 47.4 |Oct rain mm = 56.3 |Nov rain mm = 55.8 |Dec rain mm = 32.2 |year rain mm = 510.3 |Jan rain days = 6.0 |Feb rain days = 6.0 |Mar rain days = 8.4 |Apr rain days = 11.5 |May rain days = 14.4 |Jun rain days = 15.5 |Jul rain days = 17.4 |Aug rain days = 16.5 |Sep rain days = 15.8 |Oct rain days = 13.2 |Nov rain days = 11.3 |Dec rain days = 9.3 | year rain days = 145.3 |unit rain days = 0.2 мм |source = Цаг уурын товчоо<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087184_All.shtml |title= Breakwater (Geelong Racecourse) all years |publisher= Цаг уурын товчоо |access-date=2026-06-05}}</ref>}} == Зураг== <gallery widths="200px" heights="150px"> Зураг:Shopsinsidegeelongbaycity2.JPG Зураг: Зураг:McHarrys-Geelong-Transit-System-bus.jpg Зураг: </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == * {{commonscat|Geelong}} * [http://www.geelongcity.vic.gov.au/ www.geelongcity.vic.gov.au] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Желонг| ]] [[Ангилал:Викториагийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] ofq068sp2fbr8jsj43m2cdf0vcw3pjv 0 36829 859959 858201 2026-06-23T22:35:04Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Дарвин хот]] to [[Дарвин, Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] 858201 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин |Name = |Wappen = Coat of arms of Darwin.svg |Flagge = |Bild = Darwin 1993.jpg |Beschriftung = |Bundesstaat = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |Gegründet = 1869 |lat = 12/27/0/S |lon = 130/50/0 |Höhe = |HöheQuelle = |Einwohner = 136828 |EinwohnerStand = 2016 |EinwohnerQuelle = |Fläche = 112.01 |Zeitzone = UTC+9:30 |Telefonvorwahl = |Postleitzahl = 0800 |StatisticalDivision= |LGA = City of Darwin |Webpräsenz = www.darwin.nt.gov.au |Karte = |Kartenbreite = }} '''Дарвин''' (Да́рвин, Darwin) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр|Умард нутгийн]] төв, 129 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]]. == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт |location = [[Дарвин нисэх буудал]], Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр, Австрали, 1991–2020 оны хэвийн, туйлын үе 1941–одоо |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 36.1 |Feb record high C = 36.0 |Mar record high C = 36.0 |Apr record high C = 36.7 |May record high C = 36.0 |Jun record high C = 35.0 |Jul record high C = 35.0 |Aug record high C = 37.0 |Sep record high C = 38.0 |Oct record high C = 38.9 |Nov record high C = 37.3 |Dec record high C = 37.1 |Jan high C = 32.0 |Feb high C = 31.7 |Mar high C = 32.3 |Apr high C = 33.0 |May high C = 32.3 |Jun high C = 31.1 |Jul high C = 31.1 |Aug high C = 31.9 |Sep high C = 33.1 |Oct high C = 33.8 |Nov high C = 33.7 |Dec high C = 33.0 |Jan low C = 25.1 |Feb low C = 25.1 |Mar low C = 24.9 |Apr low C = 24.2 |May low C = 22.3 |Jun low C = 20.0 |Jul low C = 19.3 |Aug low C = 19.8 |Sep low C = 22.9 |Oct low C = 24.8 |Nov low C = 25.4 |Dec low C = 25.5 |Jan record low C = 20.2 |Feb record low C = 17.2 |Mar record low C = 19.2 |Apr record low C = 16.0 |May record low C = 13.8 |Jun record low C = 12.1 |Jul record low C = 10.4 |Aug record low C = 13.0 |Sep record low C = 14.3 |Oct record low C = 19.0 |Nov record low C = 19.3 |Dec record low C = 19.8 | Jan avg record high C = 34.2 | Feb avg record high C = 33.8 | Mar avg record high C = 34.5 | Apr avg record high C = 34.8 | May avg record high C = 34.3 | Jun avg record high C = 33.5 | Jul avg record high C = 33.4 | Aug avg record high C = 34.5 | Sep avg record high C = 35.8 | Oct avg record high C = 36.2 | Nov avg record high C = 35.8 | Dec avg record high C = 35.3 | year avg record high C = 36.8 | Jan avg record low C = 22.2 | Feb avg record low C = 22.4 | Mar avg record low C = 22.3 | Apr avg record low C = 21.3 | May avg record low C = 18.3 | Jun avg record low C = 15.5 | Jul avg record low C = 15.5 | Aug avg record low C = 15.9 | Sep avg record low C = 19.4 | Oct avg record low C = 21.9 | Nov avg record low C = 21.8 | Dec avg record low C = 22.4 | year avg record low C = 14.3 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 470.7 |Feb rain mm = 412.4 |Mar rain mm = 313.7 |Apr rain mm = 105.1 |May rain mm = 20.7 |Jun rain mm = 2.1 |Jul rain mm = 0.9 |Aug rain mm = 0.8 |Sep rain mm = 14.3 |Oct rain mm = 68.9 |Nov rain mm = 143.5 |Dec rain mm = 279.3 |Jan rain days = 19.6 |Feb rain days = 18.2 |Mar rain days = 16.8 |Apr rain days = 7.6 |May rain days = 1.7 |Jun rain days = 0.2 |Jul rain days = 0.1 |Aug rain days = 0.2 |Sep rain days = 1.5 |Oct rain days = 5.5 |Nov rain days = 10.1 |Dec rain days = 15.0 |unit rain days = 1 мм |Jan afthumidity = 71 |Feb afthumidity = 74 |Mar afthumidity = 67 |Apr afthumidity = 52 |May afthumidity = 41 |Jun afthumidity = 36 |Jul afthumidity = 36 |Aug afthumidity = 38 |Sep afthumidity = 47 |Oct afthumidity = 51 |Nov afthumidity = 58 |Dec afthumidity = 66 |Jan dew point C = 24.2 |Feb dew point C = 24.3 |Mar dew point C = 23.4 |Apr dew point C = 19.8 |May dew point C = 15.8 |Jun dew point C = 12.4 |Jul dew point C = 11.8 |Aug dew point C = 13.1 |Sep dew point C = 18.1 |Oct dew point C = 20.3 |Nov dew point C = 22.3 |Dec dew point C = 23.6 |Jan sun = 176.7 |Feb sun = 162.4 |Mar sun = 213.9 |Apr sun = 264.0 |May sun = 300.7 |Jun sun = 303.0 |Jul sun = 319.3 |Aug sun = 325.5 |Sep sun = 297.0 |Oct sun = 294.5 |Nov sun = 255.0 |Dec sun = 198.4 |Jand sun = 5.7 |Febd sun = 5.8 |Mard sun = 6.9 |Aprd sun = 8.8 |Mayd sun = 9.7 |Jund sun = 10.1 |Juld sun = 10.3 |Augd sun = 10.5 |Sepd sun = 9.9 |Octd sun = 9.5 |Novd sun = 8.5 |Decd sun = 6.5 |Jan percentsun = 45 |Feb percentsun = 48 |Mar percentsun = 57 |Apr percentsun = 74 |May percentsun = 83 |Jun percentsun = 86 |Jul percentsun = 87 |Aug percentsun = 87 |Sep percentsun = 82 |Oct percentsun = 78 |Nov percentsun = 69 |Dec percentsun = 52 |Jan uv = 13 |Feb uv = 14 |Mar uv = 13 |Apr uv = 11 |May uv = 9 |Jun uv = 8 |Jul uv = 8 |Aug uv = 10 |Sep uv = 12 |Oct uv = 13 |Nov uv = 13 |Dec uv = 13 |source 1 =<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS"/><ref>[http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/uv-index/index.jsp Average solar ultraviolet (UV) Index] Bureau of Meteorology. Татаж авсан: 2022-10-17.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/|title = Climate data online (Site number: 014015)|publisher = Цаг уурын товчоо|access-date = 2026-06-05}}</ref>}} == Зураг== <gallery widths="200px" heights="150px"> Зураг:Darwin CBD-2005.jpg Зураг:Darwin 6796.jpg Зураг: Зураг: </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|Darwin, Northern Territory|Дарвин}} * [http://www.darwin.nt.gov.au/ Darwin City Council] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Дарвин (Австрали)| ]] [[Ангилал:Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] ry89tsohxxwflnvddzn1ryomsuz5mby 859962 859959 2026-06-23T22:40:32Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Австралийн Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн нийслэл}} {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = City | name = Дарвин | native_name = {{native name|en|Darwin}}<br/>{{nativename|lrg|Garramilla}} | state = nt | image ={{multiple image | total_width = 280 | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2 | caption_align = center | image1 = DarwinOct172024 02.jpg{{!}}Skyline |caption1 = [[Дарвин төв бизнес дүүрэг]] | image2 = Darwin Waterfront.jpg{{!}}Darwin Waterfront |caption2 = Дарвины усны эрэг | image3 = Aerial view of the Darwin Convention Centre.jpg {{!}}Darwin Convention Centre |caption3 = [[Дарвины хурлын төв|Хурлын төв]] | image4 = Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, Darwin, 2021, 02.jpg{{!}}Parliament House |caption4 = [[Парламентын байр, Дарвин|Парламентын байр]] | image5 = Government House, Darwin.jpg{{!}}Government House |caption5 = [[Төрийн ордон, Дарвин|Төрийн ордон]] }} | coordinates = {{coord|12|26|17|S|130|50|28|E|display=inline,title}} | relief = yes | force_national_map = yes | pushpin_map_caption = Австрали дахь байршил | mapframe-marker = yes | local_map = yes | zoom = 10 | pop = 139902 | pop_year = [[2021 оны Австралийн хүн амын тооллого|2021]] | pop_footnotes = <ref name="2021census">{{Census 2021 AUS|id=7GDAR |name=Greater Darwin |access-date=2026-06-23 |quick=on}}</ref> | poprank = 17-д | density = | density_footnotes = | est = 1869 | area = 3163.8 | area_footnotes = <ref name="ABSGCCSAProf">{{cite web|title=2011 Census Community Profiles: Greater Darwin|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/7GDAR|website=ABS Census|publisher=[[Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо]]|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2018-04-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180403120247/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/7GDAR}}</ref> (2011 оны хотын) | timezone = ACST | utc = +9:30 | lga = Дарвин, Палмерстон, Литчфилд | stategov = [[Порт-Дарвин сонгуулийн тойрог|Порт-Дарвин]] (ба 14 бусад) | fedgov = [[Соломон сонгуулийн тойрог|Соломон]], [[Лингиари сонгуулийн тойрог|Лингиари]] | county = [[Палмерстон тойрог, Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр|Палмерстон]] | dist1 = 1679 | location1 = [[Кэрнс]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=113272&placename=Darwin&placetype=R&state=NT+&place1=CAIRNS&place1long=145.775818&place1lat=-16.922079|title=Great Circle Distance between Carins and Darwin |publisher=Geoscience Australia|access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref> | dist2 = 2616 | location2 = [[Аделаид]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=163285&placename=adelaide&placetype=0&state=0&place1=DARWIN&place1long=130.842438&place1lat=-12.461530|title=Great Circle Distance between Darwin and Adelaide |publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=2004}}</ref> | dist3 = 2652 | location3 = [[Перт]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=304529&placename=perth&placetype=0&state=0&place1=DARWIN&place1long=130.842438&place1lat=-12.461530|title=Great Circle Distance between DARWIN and PERTH|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=2004}}</ref> | dist4 = 2846 | location4 = [[Брисбэн]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=126867&placename=brisbane&placetype=0&state=0&place1=DARWIN&place1long=130.842438&place1lat=-12.461530|title=Great Circle Distance between Darwin and Brisbane |publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=March 2004}}</ref> | dist5 = 3127 | location5 = [[Канберра]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/cocky/cgi/run/distancedraw2?rec1=113272&placename=Darwin&placetype=R&state=ACT+&place1=CANBERRA&place1long=145.775818&place1lat=-16.922079|title=Great Circle Distance between Canberra and Darwin|publisher=Geoscience Australia|date=March 2004}}</ref> | mintemp = 23.4 | maxtemp = 32.2 | rainfall = 1811.7 | mayor = [[Питер Стайлз (улс төрч)|Питер Стайлз]] | mayortitle = Хотын дарга }} '''Дарвин''' (Да́рвин, Darwin) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр|Умард нутгийн]] төв, 129 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]]. == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт |location = [[Дарвин нисэх буудал]], Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр, Австрали, 1991–2020 оны хэвийн, туйлын үе 1941–одоо |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 36.1 |Feb record high C = 36.0 |Mar record high C = 36.0 |Apr record high C = 36.7 |May record high C = 36.0 |Jun record high C = 35.0 |Jul record high C = 35.0 |Aug record high C = 37.0 |Sep record high C = 38.0 |Oct record high C = 38.9 |Nov record high C = 37.3 |Dec record high C = 37.1 |Jan high C = 32.0 |Feb high C = 31.7 |Mar high C = 32.3 |Apr high C = 33.0 |May high C = 32.3 |Jun high C = 31.1 |Jul high C = 31.1 |Aug high C = 31.9 |Sep high C = 33.1 |Oct high C = 33.8 |Nov high C = 33.7 |Dec high C = 33.0 |Jan low C = 25.1 |Feb low C = 25.1 |Mar low C = 24.9 |Apr low C = 24.2 |May low C = 22.3 |Jun low C = 20.0 |Jul low C = 19.3 |Aug low C = 19.8 |Sep low C = 22.9 |Oct low C = 24.8 |Nov low C = 25.4 |Dec low C = 25.5 |Jan record low C = 20.2 |Feb record low C = 17.2 |Mar record low C = 19.2 |Apr record low C = 16.0 |May record low C = 13.8 |Jun record low C = 12.1 |Jul record low C = 10.4 |Aug record low C = 13.0 |Sep record low C = 14.3 |Oct record low C = 19.0 |Nov record low C = 19.3 |Dec record low C = 19.8 | Jan avg record high C = 34.2 | Feb avg record high C = 33.8 | Mar avg record high C = 34.5 | Apr avg record high C = 34.8 | May avg record high C = 34.3 | Jun avg record high C = 33.5 | Jul avg record high C = 33.4 | Aug avg record high C = 34.5 | Sep avg record high C = 35.8 | Oct avg record high C = 36.2 | Nov avg record high C = 35.8 | Dec avg record high C = 35.3 | year avg record high C = 36.8 | Jan avg record low C = 22.2 | Feb avg record low C = 22.4 | Mar avg record low C = 22.3 | Apr avg record low C = 21.3 | May avg record low C = 18.3 | Jun avg record low C = 15.5 | Jul avg record low C = 15.5 | Aug avg record low C = 15.9 | Sep avg record low C = 19.4 | Oct avg record low C = 21.9 | Nov avg record low C = 21.8 | Dec avg record low C = 22.4 | year avg record low C = 14.3 |rain colour = green |Jan rain mm = 470.7 |Feb rain mm = 412.4 |Mar rain mm = 313.7 |Apr rain mm = 105.1 |May rain mm = 20.7 |Jun rain mm = 2.1 |Jul rain mm = 0.9 |Aug rain mm = 0.8 |Sep rain mm = 14.3 |Oct rain mm = 68.9 |Nov rain mm = 143.5 |Dec rain mm = 279.3 |Jan rain days = 19.6 |Feb rain days = 18.2 |Mar rain days = 16.8 |Apr rain days = 7.6 |May rain days = 1.7 |Jun rain days = 0.2 |Jul rain days = 0.1 |Aug rain days = 0.2 |Sep rain days = 1.5 |Oct rain days = 5.5 |Nov rain days = 10.1 |Dec rain days = 15.0 |unit rain days = 1 мм |Jan afthumidity = 71 |Feb afthumidity = 74 |Mar afthumidity = 67 |Apr afthumidity = 52 |May afthumidity = 41 |Jun afthumidity = 36 |Jul afthumidity = 36 |Aug afthumidity = 38 |Sep afthumidity = 47 |Oct afthumidity = 51 |Nov afthumidity = 58 |Dec afthumidity = 66 |Jan dew point C = 24.2 |Feb dew point C = 24.3 |Mar dew point C = 23.4 |Apr dew point C = 19.8 |May dew point C = 15.8 |Jun dew point C = 12.4 |Jul dew point C = 11.8 |Aug dew point C = 13.1 |Sep dew point C = 18.1 |Oct dew point C = 20.3 |Nov dew point C = 22.3 |Dec dew point C = 23.6 |Jan sun = 176.7 |Feb sun = 162.4 |Mar sun = 213.9 |Apr sun = 264.0 |May sun = 300.7 |Jun sun = 303.0 |Jul sun = 319.3 |Aug sun = 325.5 |Sep sun = 297.0 |Oct sun = 294.5 |Nov sun = 255.0 |Dec sun = 198.4 |Jand sun = 5.7 |Febd sun = 5.8 |Mard sun = 6.9 |Aprd sun = 8.8 |Mayd sun = 9.7 |Jund sun = 10.1 |Juld sun = 10.3 |Augd sun = 10.5 |Sepd sun = 9.9 |Octd sun = 9.5 |Novd sun = 8.5 |Decd sun = 6.5 |Jan percentsun = 45 |Feb percentsun = 48 |Mar percentsun = 57 |Apr percentsun = 74 |May percentsun = 83 |Jun percentsun = 86 |Jul percentsun = 87 |Aug percentsun = 87 |Sep percentsun = 82 |Oct percentsun = 78 |Nov percentsun = 69 |Dec percentsun = 52 |Jan uv = 13 |Feb uv = 14 |Mar uv = 13 |Apr uv = 11 |May uv = 9 |Jun uv = 8 |Jul uv = 8 |Aug uv = 10 |Sep uv = 12 |Oct uv = 13 |Nov uv = 13 |Dec uv = 13 |source 1 =<ref name="DarwinAirportAWS"/><ref>[http://www.bom.gov.au/jsp/ncc/climate_averages/uv-index/index.jsp Average solar ultraviolet (UV) Index] Bureau of Meteorology. Татаж авсан: 2022-10-17.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/|title = Climate data online (Site number: 014015)|publisher = Цаг уурын товчоо|access-date = 2026-06-05}}</ref>}} == Зураг== <gallery widths="200px" heights="150px"> Зураг:Darwin CBD-2005.jpg Зураг:Darwin 6796.jpg Зураг: Зураг: </gallery> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commons|Darwin, Northern Territory|Дарвин}} * [http://www.darwin.nt.gov.au/ Darwin City Council] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Дарвин (Австрали)| ]] [[Ангилал:Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн суурин]] [[Ангилал:Далайн боомттой суурин]] [[Ангилал:Австралийн их сургуулийн хот]] 27tx77y9q5omvj1bf7ig5mh1p5shn3z 0 37376 859994 656807 2026-06-24T07:58:23Z ~2026-21144-89 103741 859994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Ялгах|үгийг|бусад [[Хээр]]ээс}} [[File:Mongolian steppe.jpg|thumb|Монголын хээр тал.]] [[Файл:Heger-e.JPG|left]] '''Хээр''' ([[Монгол бичиг|Монгол бичгээр]] хэгэр-э гэж галиглагдана) гэдэг нь өвст онгон газрыг хэлнэ. Хээр гэдэг нэршил их өргөн ойлголт юм. Сүүлийн үед, хүн суурьшаагүй, айл хүнгүй алс зэлүүд газрыг ерөнхийд нь нэрлэдэг болжээ. Ойт хээр, уулт хээр, тал хээр, цөл хээр, хээр газар, эзгүй хээр, хөдөө хээр зэрэг үгнүүдтэй ихэвчлэн хоршон холбоо үгээр хэрэглэгддэг. Угтаа уулт хээр нь монгол нүүдэлчдийн төв нутаг боловч сүүлдээ тал хээрийг монгол орны үндсэн хэв төрх мэтээр ойлгох болжээ. Тиймээс "Талын монгол" гэдэг нэршил шинээр тогтжээ. Хээрийн баялаг ахуй нь уулт хээрт байдаг бол тал хээр нь арай хомсдуу орчин байдаг. Хээрийг англи хэлэнд ''grassland'' гэж орчуулдаг бол талыг ''steppe'' гэдэг. ==Эх сурвалж== *[http://toli.query.mn/words/21265 Монгол Хэлний Онлайн Тайлбар толь] == Цахим холбоос == {{Wiktionary|хээр|Хээр}} {{Commonscat|Steppes|Хээр}} [[Ангилал:Хээр| ]] [[Ангилал:Хөдөө нутгийн төрөл]] [[Ангилал:Уур амьсгалын газар зүй]] [[Ангилал:Геоботаник]] hjsjelc5r7m6no0x6qkhrgamo5jaylo 0 37465 859974 847015 2026-06-23T23:24:41Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Location map+|Монгол|width=400|float=right|caption=Монголын томоохон хотууд болон Улаанбаатарын гаднах дүүргүүд|places= {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=55|lon_deg=106|lon_min=55|position=top|label=[[Улаанбаатар]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=49|lat_min=02|lon_deg=104|lon_min=03|position=left|label=[[Эрдэнэт]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=49|lat_min=28|lon_deg=105|lon_min=57|position=left|label=[[Дархан (хот)|Дархан]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=48|lat_min=05|lon_deg=114|lon_min=32|position=top|label=[[Чойбалсан (хот)|Чойбалсан]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=49|lat_min=38|lon_deg=100|lon_min=09|position=top|label=[[Мөрөн]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=48|lat_min=00|lon_deg=91|lon_min=39|position=bottom|label=[[Ховд (хот)|Ховд]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=48|lat_min=58|lon_deg=89|lon_min=58|position=left|label=[[Өлгий]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=46|lon_deg=107|lon_min=17|position=left|label=[[Налайх]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=46|lat_min=11|lon_deg=100|lon_min=43|position=bottom|label=[[Баянхонгор (хот)|Баянхонгор]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=47|lon_deg=108|lon_min=22|position=right|label=[[Багануур]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=46|lat_min=16|lon_deg=102|lon_min=47|position=right|label=[[Арвайхээр]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=49|lat_min=59|lon_deg=92|lon_min=04|position=right|label=[[Улаангом]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=50|lat_min=14|lon_deg=106|lon_min=12|position=top|label=[[Сүхбаатар (хот)|Сүхбаатар]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=46|lat_min=22|lon_deg=96|lon_min=15|position=left|label=[[Алтай (хот)|Алтай]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=44|lat_min=54|lon_deg=110|lon_min=08|position=bottom|label=[[Сайншанд]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=45|lon_deg=96|lon_min=51|position=left|label=[[Улиастай]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=28|lon_deg=101|lon_min=27|position=left|label=[[Цэцэрлэг (хот)|Цэцэрлэг]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=48|lat_min=58|lon_deg=106|lon_min=28|position=right|label=[[Зүүнхараа]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=19|lon_deg=109|lon_min=40|position=right|label=[[Чингис (хот)|Чингис]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=42|lon_deg=106|lon_min=57|position=bottom|label=[[Зуунмод]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=43|lat_min=34|lon_deg=104|lon_min=36|position=left|label=[[Даланзадгад]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=46|lat_min=41|lon_deg=113|lon_min=17|position=bottom|label=[[Баруун-Урт]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=48|lat_min=49|lon_deg=103|lon_min=32|position=bottom|label=[[Булган (хот)|Булган]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=45|lat_min=46|lon_deg=106|lon_min=16|position=bottom|label=[[Мандалговь]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=43|lat_min=43|lon_deg=111|lon_min=54|position=left|label=[[Замын-Үүд сум|Замын-Үүд]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=49|lat_min=15|lon_deg=106|lon_min=26|position=right|label=[[Шарынгол сум|Шарынгол]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=12|lon_deg=102|lon_min=49|position=bottom|label=[[Хархорин]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=46|lat_min=15|lon_deg=109|lon_min=26|position=bottom|label=[[Бор-Өндөр сум|Бор-Өндөр]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=46|lat_min=22|lon_deg=108|lon_min=22|position=right|label=[[Чойр]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=48|lat_min=45|lon_deg=98|lon_min=16|position=left|label=[[Тосонцэнгэл сум (Завхан)|Тосонцэнгэл]]}} {{Location map~|Монгол|lat_deg=47|lat_min=21|lon_deg=107|lon_min=29|position=left|label=[[Багахангай]]}} }} Энэ хуудсанд [[Монгол улс]]ын [[хот]], томоохон суурингийн нэрийг жагсаав. {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 180 <!-- image widths are set to 150px to avoid problems with lower resolution monitors and to eliminate whitespace. --> | image1 = UlaanBaatar-2009.jpg | caption1 = [[Улаанбаатар хот|Улаанбаатар]] | image2 = Erdenet 02.jpg | caption2 = [[Эрдэнэт хот|Эрдэнэт]] | image3 = Kerulen.jpg | caption3 = [[Чойбалсан хот|Чойбалсан]] | image4 = Hovd.jpg | caption4 = [[Ховд хот|Ховд]] | image5 = ArwaicheerTheater.jpg | caption5 = [[Арвайхээр хот|Арвайхээр]] | image6 = Dalanzadgad 06.JPG | caption6 = [[Даланзадгад|Даланзадгад]] }} == Олон хот == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ Сүүлийн гурван арваны хүн амын тоо |----- ! Д/д ! Хот ! 1979 <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Mongolia_d.html City Population - Historical population figures]</ref><ref>Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands - Mongolei, 1985</ref><ref>Encyclopedia "Cartactual," published 01/01/85</ref> ! 1989 <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Mongolia_d.html City Population - Historical population figures]</ref><ref>{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.nso.mn/eng/index.php |wayback=20090103190133 |text=Archive copy |archiv-bot=2025-08-21 08:00:28 InternetArchiveBot }} National Statistical Office of Mongolia (accessed May, 2 2007)</ref> ! 2000 <ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/Mongolia_d.html City Population - Historical population figures]</ref><ref>(2000) PADCO: Mongolia Urban Development and Housing Sector Strategy, Final Report, Vol. 2, published 2005.</ref> ! 2010 ! 2022 ! 2010 оноос хойших өөрчлөлт ! Аймаг, нийслэл |----- |align="right" | 1 || '''[[Улаанбаатар]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 396,300 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |540,600|| style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |711,900 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 1,089,358 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 1,567,794 ||style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}478,436 || [[Улаанбаатар]] |----- |align="right" | 2 || '''[[Эрдэнэт]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 19,100 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |-|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 48,310 || style="text-align: center; background: Salmon;" | 83,135 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 102,724 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}19,589 || [[Орхон аймаг|Орхон]] |----- |align="right" | 3 || '''[[Дархан|Дархан]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 59,100 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |-|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | - || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 73,560 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 87,696 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}14,136 || [[Дархан-Уул аймаг]] |----- |align="right" | 4 || '''[[Чойбалсан хот|Чойбалсан]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 28,500 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |37,300|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 40,123 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 37,918 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 47,212 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}9,294 || [[Дорнод аймаг|Дорнод]] |----- |align="right" | 5 || '''[[Мөрөн хот|Мөрөн]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 16,500 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |21,300|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 28,903 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 35,789 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 42,639 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}6,850 || [[Хөвсгөл аймаг|Хөвсгөл]] |----- |----- |align="right" | 6 || '''[[Өлгий]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 18,700 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |27,200|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 25,791 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 29,392 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 40,138 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}10,746 || [[Баян-Өлгий аймаг|Баян-Өлгий]] |----- |align="right" | 7 || '''[[Арвайхээр хот|Арвайхээр]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 12,300 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |16,900|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 19,058 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 27,162 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 35,165 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}8,003 || [[Өвөрхангай аймаг|Өвөрхангай]] |----- |align="right" | 8 || '''[[Улаангом]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 17,900 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |22,900|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 25,993 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 27,152 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 33,065 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}5,913 || [[Увс аймаг|Увс]] |----- |align="right" | 9 || '''[[Баянхонгор хот|Баянхонгор]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 16,300 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |21,200|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 22,066 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 29,817 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 32,560 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}2,743 || [[Баянхонгор аймаг|Баянхонгор]] |----- |align="right" | 10 || '''[[Ховд хот|Ховд]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 17,500 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |24,100|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 25,765 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 29,012 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 32,322 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}3,310 || [[Ховд аймаг|Ховд]] |----- |align="right" | 11 || '''[[Даланзадгад]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 10,000 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |14,300|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 14,050 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 18,740 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 29,250 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}10,510 || [[Өмнөговь аймаг|Өмнөговь]] |----- |align="right" | 12 || '''[[Сайншанд]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,100 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |10,300|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 18,290 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 20,800 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 27,751 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}6,951 || [[Дорноговь аймаг|Дорноговь]] |----- |align="right" | 13 || '''[[Өндөрхаан]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,100 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |14,400|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 18,003 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 17,164 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 24,267 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}7,103 || [[Хэнтий аймаг|Хэнтий]] |----- |align="right" | 14 || '''[[Баруун-Урт]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,600 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |16,100|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 15,133 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 14,089 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 23,523 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}9434 || [[Сүхбаатар аймаг|Сүхбаатар]] |----- |align="right" | 15 || '''[[Сүхбаатар хот|Сүхбаатар]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 14,300 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |19,600|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 22,374 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 19,662 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 22,187 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}2,525 || [[Сэлэнгэ аймаг|Сэлэнгэ]] |----- |align="right" | 16 || '''[[Цэцэрлэг хот|Цэцэрлэг]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 14,700 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |20,300|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 18,519 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 20,604 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 21,726 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}1,122 || [[Архангай аймаг|Архангай]] |----- |align="right" | 17 || [[Зүүнхараа]] || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,400 || style="text-align: center; background:;" | - || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 15,000⁽²⁰⁰⁴⁾ || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 18,002 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 20,832 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}2,830 || [[Сэлэнгэ аймаг|Сэлэнгэ]] |----- |align="right" | 18 || '''[[Алтай хот|Алтай]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 13,700 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |18,800|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 15,741 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 15,492 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 18,934 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}3442 || [[Говь-Алтай аймаг|Говь-Алтай]] |----- |align="right" | 19 || '''[[Зуунмод]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 9,800 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |15,800|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 14,837 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 13,330 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 17,264 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}3,934 || [[Төв аймаг|Төв]] |----- |align="right" | 20 || '''[[Мандалговь]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 10,200 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |16,100|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 14,517 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 10,888 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 16,593 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}5705 || [[Дундговь аймаг|Дундговь]] |----- |align="right" | 21 || '''[[Улиастай]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 15,400 || style="text-align: center; background:;"|20,300|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 18,154 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 17,468 ||style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 16,544 || style="text-align: center;"| {{decrease}}924 || [[Завхан аймаг|Завхан]] |----- |align="right" | 22 || '''[[Чойр]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 4,500 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |-|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 8,983 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 8,526 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 13,164 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}4638 || [[Говьсүмбэр аймаг|Говьсүмбэр]] |----- |align="right" | 23 || '''[[Булган (хот)|Булган]]''' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,300 || style="text-align: center; background:;" |12,800|| style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 12,681 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 11,320 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 12,814 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}1494 || [[Булган аймаг|Булган]] |----- |align="right" | 24 || ''[[Хархорин]]'' || style="text-align: center; background:;" | - || style="text-align: center; background:;" |-|| style="text-align: center; background:;" | 8,977⁽²⁰⁰³⁾ || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 8,411 ||style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 12,170 || style="text-align: center;"| {{increase}}3759 || [[Өвөрхангай аймаг|Өвөрхангай]] |----- |} == Гурван их хот == # Нийслэл хот: Улаанбаатар хот бол 1639 онд анх шав тавигдаж, нийтдээ 29 удаа нутаг сэлгэн нүүсээр одоогийн "Хүн чулууны хонхор" буюу "Алтан тэвшийн хөндий" гэх газраа 1778 онд тогтсон. Түүхэндээ хэдэн нэрийг үдсэн. 1639 оноос Өргөө, 1651 оноос Номын хүрээ, 1706 оноос Их хүрээ, 1912 оноос Нийслэл хүрээ хэмээж байгаад 1924 оноос хойш Улаанбаатар болгосон. Улаанбаатар хот нь Хэнтийн нурууны урд үзүүр болох Баянзүрх, Богд хан, Сонгино хайрхан, Чингэлтэй хайрхан уулсаар зүүн, урд, баруун, хойд талаараа тус тус хүрээлэгдсэн бөгөөд Туул, Сэлбэ голуудын бэлчир хөндийд байрладаг. Дунджаар далайн түвшнээс дээш 1351 м өндөрт оршдог. Нийт 4,704.4 км.кв нутагтай. # Хоёр дахь их хот: Дархан хотын анхны суурийн чулууг "Бурхантын хөндий"-д 1961 оны 10-р сарын 17-ны өдөр тавьсан бөгөөд тус хотыг хуучин социалист орнууд болох Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс, Болгар, Польш, Унгар, Чехословак, Герман зэрэг улсуудын техник, эдийн засгийн хамтын ажиллагааны тусламжтайгаар байгуулан хөгжүүлсэн юм. Дархан хот нь Орхон-Сэлэнгийн сав газрын бүсэд багтдаг. Хараа голын эрэг Бурхантын хөндийд оршдог бөгөөд далайн түвшнээс дээш 700 м-ийн өндөрт байрласан ба 327.5 мянган га газар нутагтай, эрс тэс уур амьсгалтай. Дархан хот нь 2010 оны байдлаар 150,738 хүн амтай. Нийт хүн амын 64.5 хувийг 35 хүртэлх насны залуус эзэлдэг ба нийт өрхийн 67.5 хувь нь орон сууцанд амьдардаг. # Улсын 3 дахь их хот: Эрдэнэт хот 1976 онд байгуулагдсан. == Мөн үзэх == *[[Монголын түүх]] *[[Монгол дахь уран барилгын дурсгалууд]] ==Лавлах бичиг== {{лавлах холбоос|2‌‌}} {{Хөтлөгч мөр Монголын томоохон хот суурин}} {{Ази тивийн зарим улс орны томоохон хот суурин}} [[Ангилал:Монголын хот| ]] [[Ангилал:Хотын жагсаалт улс орноор]] jnkntifd3do3akn0bxgiwi1r49tmck2 0 37532 859963 766291 2026-06-23T22:44:58Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | type = city | name = Шеппартон | native_name = {{native name|en|Shepparton}} | state = vic | image = Shepparton cow parade.jpg | caption = | coordinates = {{coord|36|23|S|145|24|E|display=inline,title}} | use_lga_map = yes | pushpin_map_caption = Викториа дахь байршил | pop = 32067 | pop_year = {{CensusAU|2021}} | pop_footnotes = <ref name="ABSSUA">{{Cite web |title=2021 Shepparton (Suburbs and Localities)|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/SAL22275 |access-date=2026-06-23 |website=Австралийн Статистикийн Товчоо}}</ref> | poprank = | density = | established = {{start date|1860|09|24|df=yes}} | gazetted = 1860 оны 9 сарын 28 | elevation = 115 | area = 42.8 | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=MapshareVic|url=https://mapshare.vic.gov.au/MapShareVic/|website=MapshareVic|access-date=2025-08-22}}</ref> | timezone = [[Австралийн Зүүн Стандарт Цаг|AEST]] | utc = +10 | timezone-dst = [[Австралийн Зүүн Зуны Цаг|AEDT]] | utc-dst = +11 | dist1 = 181 | dir1 = NNE | location1 = [[Мельбурн]] | dist2 = 120 | dir2 = NE | location2 = [[Бендиго]] | dist3 = 176 | dir3 = SW | location3 = [[Олбери, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс|Олбери]] | dist4 = 61 | dir4 = W | location4 = [[Беналла]] | dist5 = 4 | dir5 = E | location5 = [[Муроопна]] | lga = | county = [[Мойра тойрог|Мойра]] | stategov = [[Шеппартон сонгуулийн тойрог|Шеппартон]] | fedgov = [[Николлс сонгуулийн тойрог|Николлс]] | maxtemp = 22.4 | mintemp = 8.7 | rainfall = 436.7 |near-nw=[[Муроопна Хойд]]|near-n=[[Шеппартон Хойд, Викториа|Шеппартон Хойд]]|near-ne=[[Грэмвейл, Викториа|Грэмвейл]]|near-w=[[Mooroopna]]|near-e=[[Шеппартон Зүүн]]|near-sw=[[Киалла, Викториа|Киалла]]|near-s=[[Киалла, Викториа|Киалла]]|near-se=[[Оррвейл, Викториа|Оррвейл]]| established_footnotes = <ref name="town-est"/> }} '''Шеппартон''' (Shepparton, [ˈʃɛpərtən]) — [[Австрали]] улсын [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа мужийн]] байгаа 39 мянган хүнтэй [[хот]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/LocationSearch?collection=Census&period=2006&areacode=UCL248400&producttype=QuickStats&breadcrumb=PL&action=401 |title=Australian Bureau of Statistics. Shepparton-Mooroopna (Urban Centre/Locality). 2006 Census QuickStats |access-date=2013-11-21 |archive-date=2022-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604214301/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/LocationSearch?collection=Census |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Shepparton}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091030083439/http://shepparton.vic.gov.au/ Хотын цахим хуудас] == Эшлэл == {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Викториагийн суурин]] 89krizvr0g1fufm5irb75s6xixomwvv 0 37546 859996 858271 2026-06-24T09:03:17Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Чехийн статутар хот}} {{Инфобокс суурин | official_name = Брно | native_name = Brno | settlement_type = [[Онцгой эрхт хот (Чех)|Онцгой эрхт хот]] | image_skyline = Brno Montage IV.png | imagesize = 270px | image_caption = | image_flag = Flag of Brno.svg | image_shield = Brno (znak).svg | image_blank_emblem = Logo_Brno.svg | blank_emblem_type = Лого <!-- location --> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = {{CZE}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Чехийн мужууд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Өмнөд Морави муж|Өмнөд Морави]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Чехийн тойргууд|Тойрог]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Брно-хот тойрог|Брно-хот]] <!-- maps and coordinates --> | map_caption = Чех дэх байршил | pushpin_map = Чех | pushpin_relief = 1 | pushpin_label_position = left | coordinates = {{coord|49|11|33|N|16|36|30|E|region:CZ|display=inline,title}} <!-- government type, leaders --> | leader_party = [[Иргэний Ардчилсан Нам|ODS]] | leader_title = Хотын дарга | leader_name = Маркета Ванкова <!-- established --> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{Circa|1000}}<ref>{{cite web|title=History of the City of Brno|url=https://www.brno.cz/en/tourist-leisure/history/history-of-the-city-of-brno/|publisher=Брно хот|access-date=2026-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808121331/http://www.brno.cz/en/tourist-leisure/history/history-of-the-city-of-brno|archive-date=2016-08-08|url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- area --> | area_total_km2 = 230.18 | area_land_km2 = 225.71 | area_water_km2 = 4.47 | area_metro_km2 = 1978 <!-- elevation --> | elevation_footnotes = <ref name="witwib">{{cite web |url=http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=8 |title=Where in the world is Brno? – Statutory city of Brno |access-date=2026-06-06|publisher=Брно хот|language=cs|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110523171017/http://www2.brno.cz/index.php?lan=en&nav01=2222&nav02=8 |archive-date=2011-05-23}}</ref> | elevation_m = 237 | elevation_min_m = 190 | elevation_max_m = 497 <!-- population --> | population_total = 404296 | population_as_of = 2026-01-01 | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population in municipalities as at 1. 1.|url=https://data.csu.gov.cz/datastat/data/VYBER/OBY02AT02|work=DataStat|publisher=[[Чехийн Статистикийн Алба]]|date=2026-05-18}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | population_metro = 729405 | population_metro_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Integrated Development Strategy 21+|url=https://metropolitni.brno.cz/en/o-bmo/zakladni-informace-o-bmo/|work=Brno Metropolitan Area|date=2024-01-30 |access-date=2026-06-06}}</ref> <!-- time zone(s) --> | timezone = [[Төв Европын Цаг|ТЕЦ]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Төв Европын Зуны Цаг|ТЕЗЦ]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 <!-- postal codes, area code --> | postal_code_type = Шуудангийн код | postal_code = 600 00 – 650 00 | area_code = | website = {{URL|https://www.brno.cz/}} | footnotes = }} '''Брно''' ([[Чех хэл|чехээр]] Brno {{IPA|[ˈbr̩no]}}, [[герман хэл|германаар]] Brünn {{IPA|[bʁʏn]}} — Брюнн) — [[Чех]] улсын 380.000 хүнтэй,<ref>2013.1.1-д 378,327 хүн оршин сууж байсан.</ref> улсын нийслэл [[Праг]] хотын дараа орох хоёрдугаар том [[хот]] юм. Энэхүү хот нь 17-р зуунаас хойш түүхэн [[Морави]]йн төв байсан бол өнөөдөр [[Өмнөд Морави]] мужийн захиргааны төв юм. Үүнд [[Бүгд Найрамдах Чех Улсын Үндсэн хуулийн шүүх|Чехийн Үндсэн хуулийн шүүх]], [[Улсын Дээд Шүүх]] буюу өөрөөр хэлбэл [[Чех Улсын Захиргааны Дээд Шүүх]], мөн түүнчлэн [[Ерөнхий Прокурорын Газар]] зэргийн байгууллагууд багтана. == Уур амьсгал == {{Уур амьсгалын хүснэгт |location = [[Брно-Турани нисэх буудал]], Брно<br>Солбицол {{coordinates|49|09|11|N|16|41|20|E|name=Brno Turany}}; өндөр: {{convert|241|m|abbr=on}}; 1991–2020 оны хэвийн, туйлын үе 1959–одоо |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C = 15.8 |Feb record high C = 17.7 |Mar record high C = 24.3 |Apr record high C = 29.5 |May record high C = 31.8 |Jun record high C = 36.6 |Jul record high C = 36.4 |Aug record high C = 37.8 |Sep record high C = 32.0 |Oct record high C = 27.7 |Nov record high C = 20.1 |Dec record high C = 14.4 |year record high C = 37.8 |Jan high C = 1.9 |Feb high C = 4.5 |Mar high C = 9.7 |Apr high C = 16.1 |May high C = 20.4 |Jun high C = 24.1 |Jul high C = 26.5 |Aug high C = 26.4 |Sep high C = 20.5 |Oct high C = 14.1 |Nov high C = 7.7 |Dec high C = 2.6 |year high C = 14.5 |Jan mean C = -0.8 |Feb mean C = 0.9 |Mar mean C = 4.9 |Apr mean C = 10.8 |May mean C = 15.2 |Jun mean C = 18.9 |Jul mean C = 20.7 |Aug mean C = 20.5 |Sep mean C = 15.3 |Oct mean C = 9.8 |Nov mean C = 4.8 |Dec mean C = 0.2 |year mean C = 10.1 |Jan low C = -3.5 |Feb low C = -2.5 |Mar low C = 0.8 |Apr low C = 5.2 |May low C = 9.6 |Jun low C = 13.2 |Jul low C = 14.9 |Aug low C = 14.8 |Sep low C = 10.6 |Oct low C = 6.1 |Nov low C = 2.0 |Dec low C = -2.3 |year low C = 5.7 |Jan record low C = -24.1 |Feb record low C = -22.2 |Mar record low C = -18.6 |Apr record low C = -6.3 |May record low C = -2.6 |Jun record low C = 1.8 |Jul record low C = 3.6 |Aug record low C = 3.0 |Sep record low C = -0.7 |Oct record low C = -6.5 |Nov record low C = -13.1 |Dec record low C = -20.9 |year record low C = -24.1 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 23.4 |Feb precipitation mm = 22.3 |Mar precipitation mm = 30.0 |Apr precipitation mm = 27.3 |May precipitation mm = 59.1 |Jun precipitation mm = 69.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 71.5 |Aug precipitation mm = 60.7 |Sep precipitation mm = 51.4 |Oct precipitation mm = 35.1 |Nov precipitation mm = 32.2 |Dec precipitation mm = 30.0 |year precipitation mm = 512.3 |Jan snow cm = 11.5 |Feb snow cm = 8.6 |Mar snow cm = 3.8 |Apr snow cm = 0.5 |May snow cm = 0.0 |Jun snow cm = 0.0 |Jul snow cm = 0.0 |Aug snow cm = 0.0 |Sep snow cm = 0.0 |Oct snow cm = 0.0 |Nov snow cm = 3.0 |Dec snow cm = 8.9 |year snow cm = 36.3 |unit precipitation days = 1.0mm |Jan precipitation days = 6.0 |Feb precipitation days = 5.2 |Mar precipitation days = 6.1 |Apr precipitation days = 5.8 |May precipitation days = 8.6 |Jun precipitation days = 8.4 |Jul precipitation days = 9.6 |Aug precipitation days = 7.4 |Sep precipitation days = 6.2 |Oct precipitation days = 6.5 |Nov precipitation days = 6.7 |Dec precipitation days = 7.0 |year precipitation days = 83.4 |Jan humidity = 83.5 |Feb humidity = 77.7 |Mar humidity = 70.5 |Apr humidity = 62.4 |May humidity = 65.1 |Jun humidity = 65.4 |Jul humidity = 63.8 |Aug humidity = 64.2 |Sep humidity = 71.5 |Oct humidity = 79.2 |Nov humidity = 84.6 |Dec humidity = 85.7 |year humidity = 72.8 |Jan dew point C = -4.8 |Feb dew point C = -3.3 |Mar dew point C = -0.2 |Apr dew point C = 3.9 |May dew point C = 8.3 |Jun dew point C = 11.3 |Jul dew point C = 12.7 |Aug dew point C = 12.6 |Sep dew point C = 9.5 |Oct dew point C = 5.0 |Nov dew point C = 0.9 |Dec dew point C = -3.0 |Jan sun = 54.7 |Jan percentsun = 18.32 |Feb sun = 85.0 |Feb percentsun = 27.16 |Mar sun = 139.5 |Mar percentsun = 35.30 |Apr sun = 203.0 |Apr percentsun = 45.00 |May sun = 234.9 |May percentsun = 47.49 |Jun sun = 245.2 |Jun percentsun = 48.27 |Jul sun = 257.7 |Jul percentsun = 50.40 |Aug sun = 250.3 |Aug percentsun = 52.32 |Sep sun = 174.1 |Sep percentsun = 44.45 |Oct sun = 111.7 |Oct percentsun = 35.50 |Nov sun = 55.4 |Nov percentsun = 19.32 |Dec sun = 43.3 |Dec percentsun = 16.15 |year sun = 1854.8 |Jan uv = 1 |Feb uv = 1 |Mar uv = 3 |Apr uv = 4 |May uv = 6 |Jun uv = 7 |Jul uv = 7 |Aug uv = 6 |Sep uv = 4 |Oct uv = 2 |Nov uv = 1 |Dec uv = 1 |source 1 = [[NOAA]] (шүүдрийн цэг 1961–1990)<ref name=NOAA6190>{{cite web |title=Brno 4 Turany Climate Normals 1961–1990|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/CZ/11723.TXT|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=2026-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908103749/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/normals-old/WMO/1961-1990/RA-VI/CZ/11723.TXT|archive-date=2024-09-08}}</ref><ref name=NOAA9120>{{cite web |title=Brno Turany Normals 1991–2020|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/CzechRepublic/CSV/BrnoTurany_11723.csv|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|access-date=2026-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908103634/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/archive/arc0216/0253808/5.5/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/CzechRepublic/CSV/BrnoTurany_11723.csv|archive-date=2024-09-08}}</ref> |source 2 = [[Чехийн Ус Цаг Уурын Хүрээлэн|Český hydrometeorologický ústav (ČHMU)]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Brno Tuřany (Record mensili dal 1958)|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/T.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMD|publisher=Чехийн Ус Цаг Уурын Хүрээлэн|language=cs|access-date=2026-06-06<!--|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908103314/http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/europa/repubblica-ceca/brno-turany/|archive-date=2024-09-08-->}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Množství nového sněhu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMY|publisher=Чехийн Ус Цаг Уурын Хүрээлэн|language=cs|access-date=2026-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908092636/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/N.php?ID=O1MOSN01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Průměrná relativní vlhkost vzduchu v jednotlivé měsíce v jednotlivé roky|url=https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMY|publisher=Чехийн Ус Цаг Уурын Хүрээлэн|language=cs|access-date=2026-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240908103003/https://www.envidata.cz/dataAnalysis/meteoKlima/H.php?ID=B2BTUR01&type=graphMY|archive-date=2024-09-08}}</ref>}} == Зургийн цомог == {{multiple image | align = left | direction = horizontal | header_align = center | width1 = 250 | image1 = Brno View from Spilberk 131.JPG | caption1 = | width2 = 125 | image2 = Petrov from Hybešova 2.JPG | caption2 = | width3 = 250 | image3 = Brno - Náměstí Svobody I.jpg | caption3 = | width4 = 175 | image4 = Brno - Biskupský dvůr I.jpg | caption4 = }} {{зай авах}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Brno|Брно}} * [https://www.brno.cz/ Хотын захиргааны албан ёсны цахим хуудас] ==Тайлбар== {{лавлах холбоос}} [[Ангилал:Брно| ]] [[Ангилал:Брно-хот окресын суурин]] [[Ангилал:Өмнөд Морави мужийн коммун]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн их сургуулийн хот]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн хот]] [[Ангилал:Чехийн урьдын нийслэл]] fh6redpy6xuj9ar1jymyf8vk5jv8t45 4 40836 859898 857233 2026-06-23T17:11:47Z MediaWiki message delivery 26946 /* RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons */ шинэ хэсэг 859898 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{/header}} == The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]] Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.''' We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022. It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins. <div style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="Top of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022 </gallery><gallery widths="220" heights="150" mode="packed" caption="A section of an article"> Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default) Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022 </gallery></div> === About the skin === '''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.] '''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs. '''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin. * The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%. * The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages. * The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on. * The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities. '''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins. === How can editors change and customize this skin? === It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. === Our plan === '''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar. <div style="text-align: center;">[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|<span class="plainlinks mw-ui-button">Request for more time to discuss the change</span>]]</div> If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Есдүгээр сар 2022 (UTC) :Hey, was wondering how you were going with this - looks like the old skin is still intact? [[User_talk:Chinneeb|<span style="color:blue">chinneeb</span>]] 11:35, 18 Аравдугаар сар 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23838600 --> == Update on Vector 2022 == [[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]]. We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one. We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Аравдугаар сар 2022 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&oldid=23955535 --> == Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions == <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] Hello all, During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values & Principles, and Roles & Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter"''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback. The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: *<s>'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.</s> * '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Arabic, French and Russian. * '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call. '''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors''' Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. We thank you for your time and participation. On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 15:33, 7 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community == :''{{More languages}}'' <section begin="announcement-content" /> The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful. The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity. If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application. Best regards, <br> Movement Strategy and Governance Team <br> Wikimedia Foundation<section end="announcement-content" /> [[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:26, 14 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee == <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>'' </div> Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed. '''About the Ombuds commission''' The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''About the Case Review Committee''' The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust & Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''. We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year). '''Applying to join either of these groups''' Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age. '''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about: * Your primary projects * Languages you speak/write * Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement * Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed * Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only) * Any other information you think is relevant '''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.''' Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you! On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> <!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&oldid=23914777 --> == Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' {{int:Hello}} The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually. We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas! The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows: * Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023 * Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023 * Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023 * Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023 If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]]. We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023! </div> {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]</bdi> 12:59, 13 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&oldid=24226232 --> == Vote for your favourite Wikimedia sound logo == ''{{int:Please-translate}}'' ''We are really sorry for posting in English'' [[Файл:Sound_Logo_Cover_Image_-_Linkedin.png|center|800x800px]] Voting in the Wikimedia sound logo contest [[c:Commons:Sound_Logo_Vote|'''has started''']]. From December 6 to 19, 2022, please play a part and help chose the sound that will identify Wikimedia content on audio devices. [[wmfblog:2022/12/06/vote-for-the-sound-of-all-human-knowledge/|Learn more on Diff]]. The sound logo team is grateful to everyone who participated in this global contest. We received 3,235 submissions from 2,094 participants in 135 countries. We are incredibly grateful to the team of [[wmfblog:2022/10/31/screening-3235-sound-submissions/|volunteer screeners]] and the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Communications/Sound_Logo/Contest_proposal#How_will_the_final_selection_happen? selection committee] who, among others, helped bring us to where we are today. It is now up to Wikimedia to choose the Sound Of All Human Knowledge. Best wishes, [[Хэрэглэгч:Arupako-WMF|Arupako-WMF]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:Arupako-WMF|talk]]) 10:50, 17 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2022 (UTC) == Questionable article == Hello Mongolian Wikipedia editors. I do not speak Mongolian, but I think that the [[MongoDB]] page is just a tutorial copied from somewhere, and I think it should be rewritten or deleted. Thanks in advance for anybody willing to help {{smiley}}. [[Хэрэглэгч:QuickQuokka|QuickQuokka]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:QuickQuokka|talk]]) 16:41, 20 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2022 (UTC) == Feminism and Folklore 2023 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a fountain tool or dashboard. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023. Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]] ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:23, 24 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2022 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == Global ban for PlanespotterA320/RespectCE == Per the [[m:Global bans|Global bans]] policy, I'm informing the project of this request for comment: [[m:Requests for comment/Global ban for PlanespotterA320 (2) ]] about banning a member from your community. Thank you.--[[User:Lemonaka|Lemonaka]] ([[User talk:Lemonaka|talk]]) 21:40, 6 February 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Zabe@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lemonaka/Massmessagelist&oldid=24501599 --> == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Хоёрдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&oldid=24611966 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-03-01T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-03-01T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-03-01|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 21:20, 27 Хоёрдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge "'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! </div> [[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimania 2023 Welcoming Program Submissions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="wikimania-program-submissions"/>[[File:Wikimania Singapore Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Do you want to host an in-person or virtual session at Wikimania 2023? Maybe a hands-on workshop, a lively discussion, a fun performance, a catchy poster, or a memorable lightning talk? [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Submissions are open until March 28''']]. The event will have dedicated hybrid blocks, so virtual submissions and pre-recorded content are also welcome. If you have any questions, please join us at an upcoming conversation on March 12 or 19, or reach out by email at wikimania@wikimedia.org or on Telegram. More information on-wiki.<section end="wikimania-program-submissions"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24390465 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-04-26T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-04-26T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-04-26|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 00:41, 21 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=24748237 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello, As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are: * Community members in good standing * Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects * Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type * Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023 * Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations * Confidently able to communicate in English The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff. The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''. Best regards,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=24941045 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Automatic citations based on ISBN are broken</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message" /> Apologies if this message does not reach you in your favorite language. [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)/ISBN|You can help translate it centrally at Meta]]. Thanks for your help. We have recently become unable to access the WorldCat API which provided the ability to generate citations using ISBN numbers. The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Editing_team|Editing team]] is investigating several options to restore the functionality, but will need to disable ISBN citation generation for now. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts, such as the autofill button on [[:en:Wikipedia:RefToolbar|refToolbar]]. Please note that all the other automatic ways of generating citations, including via URL or DOI, are still available. You can keep updated on the situation [[phab:T336298|via Phabricator]], or by reading the next issues of [[m:Tech News]]. If you know of any users or groups who rely heavily on this feature (for instance, someone who has an upcoming editathon), I'd appreciate it if you shared this update with them. [[User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], on behalf of the Editing team.<section end="message" /> </div> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:45, 11 Тавдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox3&oldid=25009633 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Selection of the U4C Building Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Тавдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == A new entry point available in Mongolian Wikipedia == {{int:Hello}} Mongolian Wikipedians! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has introduced a new entry point called "Contribute" to your Wikipedia. The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other Product teams on [[mw:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]]. The Product teams evaluated different paths people took to contribute to the Wikimedia project and located a persistent and constant place where contributors (both old and new) could discover and understand how to contribute and improve any content in Wikipedia. So, you can access the Content and Section translation tool from a desktop or mobile device with ease, without a link from your Wikipedia account. To access the new entry point, just login into your account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the Contribute icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to “view contributions” is also available to access the list of your contributions. [[Файл:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|alt=Mobile contribute menu (detailed)|right|670x670px]] [[Файл:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]         This entry point is designed to be a central point to discover contribution tools. Currently, a limited number of options are provided, but different MediaWiki extensions can add more options to expand the list. This is also a new infrastructure, so there may be some issues to fix (such as [[phab:T336838|issues on mobile]] and [[phab:T337366|with some skins]]) and other ideas to improve. Since this is a new feature in active development, issues are expected to be resolved soon.   We have made this feature available in your Wikipedia and four others (Albanian, Malayalam, Bangla, Tagalog) because we want your community to use this entry point and [[mw:Talk:Edit_Discovery|provide feedback]] to help us improve its discoverability and iterate in other Wikipedias. We [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation#Boost_initiative:_communities_with_potential_to_grow_with_translation|chose your Wikipedia]] to be the first to have it because of your valuable contributions to bridging the knowledge gap using the Content and Section translation tool and your previous involvement in testing some of our tools. We look forward to your valuable feedback soon. Thank you! [[Хэрэглэгч:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 15:47, 30 Тавдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Announcing the new Elections Committee members</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello there, We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future. On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Зургаадугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25018085 --> == MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool. The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà]. This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting "Start with empty paragraph" from the "Initial Translation" dropdown menu. Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page]. Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to: *use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service *[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''. We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool. Thank you! </div> [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|яриа]]) 22:02, 4 Долоодугаар сар 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team. <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&oldid=25258883 --> == Deploying the Phonos in-line audio player to your Wiki == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:Hello}}! Apologies if this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language. This wiki will soon be able to use the [[mw:Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player]] implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. This is part of fulfilling a wishlist proposal of providing [[m:Community_Wishlist_Survey_2022/Multimedia_and_Commons/Audio_links_that_play_on_click|audio links that play on click]]. With the inline audio player, you can add text-to-speech audio snippets to wiki pages by simply using a tag: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="audio file" label="Listen"/> </syntaxhighlight> The above tag will show the text next to a speaker icon, and clicking on it will play the audio instantly without taking you to another page. A common example where you can use this feature is in adding pronunciation to words as illustrated on the [[wiktionary:en:English#Pronunciation|English Wiktionary]] below. <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> {{audio|en|En-uk-English.oga|Audio (UK)}} </syntaxhighlight> Could become: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext"> <phonos file="En-uk-English.oga" label="Audio (UK)"/> </syntaxhighlight> The inline audio player will be available in your wiki in 2 weeks time; in the meantime, we would like you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos|read about the features]] and give us feedback or ask questions about it in this [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:Phonos|talk page]]. Thank you!</div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]], on behalf of the Foundation's Language team</bdi> </div> 02:26, 27 Долоодугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_announcement_list_(In-line_audio_player)&oldid=25350821 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Hello all, I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward. Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]]. Best,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Наймдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25392152 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2023-09-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2023-09-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2023-09-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:23, 15 Есдүгээр сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25018086 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee ==</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <div style="margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;"> [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']] ''<span class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</span>''</div> Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. On behalf of the Committee Support team,<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Аравдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]]. Best, Katie Chan <br> Chair of the Elections Committee<br /><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 01:13, 17 Аравдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25570445 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Coming soon: Reference Previews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> [[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]] A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years. Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget. Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. * Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. -- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team, <section end="ReferencePreviewsDefault"/> </div> [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25866958 --> == Is there actually a specific rule dictating that all pages on Mongolian Wikipedia must directly relate to the county of Mongloia? == Based on the logs, it would appear that the Mongolian Wikipedia article about the 67th ''yokozuna'' [[Мүсашимарү Кооёо|Musashimaru Kōyō]] was deleted in compliance with such a rule. [[Хэрэглэгч:ArguaBILL|ArguaBILL]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:ArguaBILL|talk]]) 10:28, 8 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="Body"/>Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland <section end="Body"/> </div> [[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Арванхоёрдугаар сар 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25955829 --> == Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.'' Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.<br> ''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.'' The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time. For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.<br>We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&oldid=26027495 --> == Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? == ''Apologies for writing in English.'' The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references. * The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here]. * Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch. * [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]]. * Sessions will be held in January and February. * [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.] * Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment. We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] <!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&oldid=25956752 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2024 == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2024, to March 31, 2024 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Нэгдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' -- [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Нэгдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=23942484 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Нэгдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Нэгдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=25853527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks. Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon. On behalf of the UCoC Project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 Хоёрдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26160150 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.<br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26166467 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 Гуравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26276337 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> : ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]'' : ''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div>'' Dear all, This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions * June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5] * June-August 2024: Campaign period * End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period * October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates * Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan. '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]]. Best regards, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group) [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 Гуравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26349432 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''. The test will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-03-20T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-03-20T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-03-20|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 Гуравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=25636619 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to select members of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:21, 25 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/>Hello all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]]. We look forward to your participation! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:22, 14 Тавдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' [[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]] Dear community members, The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language. On behalf of the CAC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Тавдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term: * North America (USA and Canada) ** – * Northern and Western Europe ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]] * Latin America and Caribbean ** – * Central and East Europe (CEE) ** — * Sub-Saharan Africa ** – * Middle East and North Africa ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]] * East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP) ** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]] * South Asia ** – The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]] * – * – * – * – Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]]. On behalf of the UCoC project team,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:15, 3 Зургаадугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hi everyone, The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading. '''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?''' The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. '''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”''' Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote. '''Movement Charter ratification vote''' Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta. If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org]. On behalf of the MCDC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 Зургаадугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26390244 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance. The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading. Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]]. After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further. If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org''']. On behalf of the CEC,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:51, 25 Зургаадугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''. If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 Долоодугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024. The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]]. In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki. Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]]. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Долоодугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello everyone, After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.   As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy. The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: '''Individual vote:''' Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333). '''Affiliates vote:''' Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111). '''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:''' The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].   With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''. We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance. The Charter Electoral Commission, [[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 17:52, 18 Долоодугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility. The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:47, 27 Долоодугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=26989444 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now. '''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:30, 6 Наймдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Sub-referencing"/> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]] Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]]. '''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. * [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand. Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC) <section end="Sub-referencing"/> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=27309345 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC == Hi all, The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page]. This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites. Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation! [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 23:19, 22 Наймдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Hello all, The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]]. I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026: * North America (USA and Canada) ** Ajraddatz The following seats were not filled during this special election: * Latin America and Caribbean * Central and East Europe (CEE) * Sub-Saharan Africa * South Asia * The four remaining Community-At-Large seats Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community. Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]]. On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 Есдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board. Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]]. When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 12:14, 3 Есдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2024-09-25T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2024-09-25T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2024-09-25|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> [[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 Есдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27248326 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><i>Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.</i>{{tracked|T66315}} Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project. The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''General''</u></span> section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the <span style="color: #54595d;"><u>''In Other Projects''</u></span> section. We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2. More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].<br><br>We welcome your feedback and questions.<br> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 18:57, 27 Есдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27524260 --> == Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey == Dear all, Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language. We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community. To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event. Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference! Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success. Warm regards, User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Аравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27510935 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted. The following four candidates were the most voted: # [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]] # [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]] # [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]] # [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]] While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]] Best regards, The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 Аравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27183190 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 Аравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27601062 --> == 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. == Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:29, 22 Аравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=27535421 --> == Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success == Dear all, We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community. Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs. * Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey] * Deadline: November 10, 2024 Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference! '''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply. * Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here] * Application Deadline: October 31, 2024 Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions] Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success! Warm regards,<br> The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:12, 29 Аравдугаар сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC == Hello everyone, The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone <https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000>). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: <https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024>. This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation. Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2024 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! == Dear All, We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture. * Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]] * When: Jan 19, 2025 * Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025). * Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 * Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]] To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025. Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language. Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all. Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate. Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success! For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Нэгдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=27568454 --> == Enabling Dark mode for logged-out users in this Wikipedia == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{int:Hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies, as this message is not written in your native language. {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]] will be enabling [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|dark mode]] here on your Wikipedia by February 2025 now that pages on your wiki have passed our checks for accessibility and other quality checks. Congratulations! The plan to enable is made possible by the diligent work of editors and other technical contributors in your community who ensured that templates, gadgets, and other parts of pages can be accessible in dark mode. Thank you all for making dark mode available for everybody! For context, the Web team has concluded work on dark mode. If, on some wikis, the option is not yet available for logged-out users, this is likely because many pages do not yet display well in dark mode. As communities make progress on this work, we enable this feature on additional wikis once per month. If you notice any issues after enabling dark mode, please create a page: <code>Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Reporting/xx.wikipedia.org</code> in MediaWiki ([[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Reporting|like these pages]]), and report the issue in the created page. Thank you! On behalf of the [[mediawikiwiki:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 22:14, 21 Нэгдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_Dark_mode_deployment_list_(February_2025)&oldid=28153450 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Нэгдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=27746256 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <center>''{{int:please-translate}}''</center> Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia. You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles. Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project: # Create a page for the contest on the local wiki. # Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool. # Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes. # Request local admins for site notice. # Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]]. This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools'''] Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance. We look forward to your immense coordination. Thank you and Best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]''' ::::Stay connected [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> --[[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 02:36, 29 Нэгдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) == Wiki Loves Folklore is back! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> {{int:please-translate}} [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Dear Wiki Community, You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March. You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest. You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language. Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. '''Kind regards,''' '''Wiki loves Folklore International Team''' --[[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 02:36, 29 Нэгдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=26503019 --> == Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Хоёрдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28198931 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr"> Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Hello everyone! [[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]] We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''. This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba. '''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''. Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language & Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]]. We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there! <section end="message"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 08:29, 22 Хоёрдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28217779 --> == Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> My apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}}. I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 Гуравдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28307738 --> == An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> {{Int:hello}} Wikipedians, Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}. The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&filter-type=automatic&filter-id=previous-edits&active-list=suggestions&from=en&to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device. With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below. [[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the "For you" and "...More" buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups ("Create new pages" and "Expand with new sections")-one for each activity.]] [[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]] We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''. Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. Thank you! On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team. </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]</bdi> 02:56, 13 Гуравдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&oldid=28382282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Your wiki will be in read-only soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-03-19T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-03-19T14:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-03-19|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:14, 14 Гуравдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=28307742 --> == Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon. Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]] {{int:please-translate}} Hello, dear Wikipedians!<br/> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes. If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest. <br/> We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) </div> 16:11, 16 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines ("UCoC EG") and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28469465 --> == Sub-referencing: User testing == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]] <small>''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''</small> Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further: #'''Try it out and share your feedback''' #:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. #'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs''' #:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''. We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well. Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])</bdi> 15:03, 28 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&oldid=28628657 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well. In cooperation with the U4C -- <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC)</div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! == ''(Apologies for posting in English)'' Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them. As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]]. After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki. The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org. If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Тавдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28663781 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]]. You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC. If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, </div><section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|хэлэлцүүлэг]])</bdi> 22:07, 15 Тавдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)'' Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation. You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|<span class="signature-talk">{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}</span>]]) 15:27, 22 Тавдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=28768453 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection & Call for Questions</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]'' Dear all, This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats. The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. Here are the key planned dates: * May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6] * June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates * July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5] * August 2025: Campaign period * August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period * October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates * Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]]. '''Call for Questions''' In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]] '''Election Volunteers''' Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]] Thank you! [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter [3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024 [4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles [5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ [6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates Best regards, Victoria Doronina Board Liaison to the Elections Committee Governance Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 03:07, 28 Тавдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28618011 --> == Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{Int:Please-translate}} Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Зургаадугаар сар 2025 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28848819 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> :''<div class="plainlinks">[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}]</div> Hello all, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position. This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3] Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election. Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br /> Chair of the Elections Committee On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee [1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates [2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term. [3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 17:44, 17 Зургаадугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=28866958 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="message"/> Dear Wikimedia Community, The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]] of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]]. A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity. Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact. Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement. Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate. Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended. === Wikispore === The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects. After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future. As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting. Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed. === Wikinews === We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways. Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf <nowiki>[1]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 <nowiki>[2]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[3]</nowiki>] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years. While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews <nowiki>[4]</nowiki>][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F <nowiki>[5]</nowiki>, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? <nowiki>[6]</nowiki>]. [[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews. Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs. SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives. '''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to: *Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects, *Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace, *Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects, *Archive Wikinews projects. Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels. === Feedback and next steps === We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language. I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. <section end="message"/> </div> -- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Зургаадугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&oldid=28911188 --> == Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes == ''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)'' Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations. The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''. The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below: [[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]] These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages. Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change. Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]]. Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 12:45, 14 Долоодугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&oldid=28981877 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="body"/> Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''. Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. '''Why we are building temporary accounts''' Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users. '''How temporary accounts work''' [[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]] Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: <code dir=ltr>~2025-12345-67</code> (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it. '''What does this mean for different groups of users?''' '''For logged-out editors''' * This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki. * If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice. '''For community members interacting with logged-out editors''' * A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address). * Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community. '''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki''' * '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.) * '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''': ** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option. ** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range. * Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this. '''Our requests for you, and next steps''' * If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]]. * If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in. * Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options. * Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses. To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!<section end="body" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]</bdi> 21:36, 26 Наймдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&oldid=29181713 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Server switch - Your wiki will be read-only for a short time soon</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="server-switch"/><div class="plainlinks"> [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&language=&action=page&filter= {{int:please-translate}}] The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will switch the traffic between its data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|en}}'''. The switch will start at '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''. Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation. You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&task=view&language=&filter=&action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text. '''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.''' *You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on {{#time:l j xg Y|2025-09-24|en}}. *If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case. ''Other effects'': *Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped. * We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes. This project may be postponed if necessary. You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. '''Please share this information with your community.'''</div><section end="server-switch"/> </div> <span dir=ltr>[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])</span> 15:41, 18 Есдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29170715 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Hello all, The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board. To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]]. Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]]. When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]]. '''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.''' Best regards, Abhishek Suryawanshi<br />Chair, Elections Committee<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 04:48, 9 Аравдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29360896 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function1"/> {{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere). There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function1"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Аравдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29432175 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]] Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have. For the Committee Support team, <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> -[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:12, 30 Аравдугаар сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29517125 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="function2"/> {{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki</span>. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} <section end="function2"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Арваннэгдүгээр сар 2025 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29583860 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Нэгдүгээр сар 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 13:21, 18 Нэгдүгээр сар 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == Report possible machine-translated article by user who engaged in cross-wiki abuse == Dear admins, I'm an active user from Commons and Wikidata. I was led here because I'm investigating a [[wikidata:Wikidata:Requests_for_checkuser/Case/Yukitanooki|sockpuppetry in Wikidata]] of [[User:Yukitanooki]], who was mainly active in enwiki with [[:en:Special:Diff/1232853533|babels]] (Non-native speaker here) and basically adds machine translations to the other languages' Wikipedias with sock puppets and temp accounts. I suspect the article [[Баруун Филиппиний тэнгис]] was also created by Yukitanooki' temp accounts with machine translation service. All in all, I suggest that article be reviewed carefully. Thanks. [[Хэрэглэгч:0x0a|0x0a]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:0x0a|яриа]]) 14:26, 18 Нэгдүгээр сар 2026 (UTC) == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Нэгдүгээр сар 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 17:11, 3 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Migration to Parsoid</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]</em> Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier. If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation. There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki. To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]]. <section end="announcement-content" /> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]</bdi> 21:13, 13 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-04-16_Wikipedias&oldid=30402528 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Хэрэглэгч:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Хэрэглэгчийн яриа:MediaWiki message delivery|яриа]]) 00:58, 26 Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Тавдугаар сар 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|хэлэлцүүлэг]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Зургаадугаар сар 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> 2puf6jokityt5xt5p580dwds2jatkm4 0 50809 859977 859226 2026-06-24T00:15:06Z Bayarkhangai 1129 859977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Самдангийн Төмөрбаатар | image =‎ | caption = | birth_year = [[1914]] он | birth_place = [[Монгол улс]] | death = [[1985]] он | nationality = [[Монгол үндэстэн]] |citizenship = {{flag|Монгол}} | occupation = Монгол Улсын Баатар, АИХ-ын депутат, ахмад дайчин | agent = | alma_mater = | spouseэхнэр =Цэрэнтогтохын Цэвэл | children = }} '''Самдангийн Төмөрбаатар''' нь 1914 онд [[Архангай]] аймгийн [[Өлзийт сум (Архангай)|Өлзийт суманд]] төрсөн. [[БНМАУ]]-ын баатар, 1939 оны [[Халхын голын байлдаан]], [[1945 оны чөлөөлөх дайн]], 1948 оны баруун хилийн тулгаралтад оролцсон ахмад дайчин, цэргийн стратеги судлаач Дэд хурандаа, АИХ ([[Ардын Их Хурал]])-ын депутат, улс төр цэргийн зүтгэлтэн. С.Төмөрбаатарын олон удаагийн тулалдаанд баатарлаг гавьяа байгуулсныг нь төр засаг өндрөөр үнэлж 1939, 1956 онд алтан гадас одон, 1947 онд Байлдааны хүндэт медаль, 1939 онд Байлдааны гавьяаны улаан тугийн одон, 1974 онд [[ЗХУ]]-ын улаан таван хошуу медаль. С.Төмөрбаатарт АИХТ-ийн 1979 оны 246-р зарлигаар [[БНМАУ-ын баатар цол]] олгосон ба улаан тугийн одон, Сүхбаатарын одон, Алтан гадас, ойн медалиар шагнажээ. ХТАЗ, дэд хурандаа цолтон. Засгийн газрын 1994 оны 142-р тогтоолоор хилийн 0198-р ангийн Эрс-Уулын заставыг түүний нэрэмжит болгожээ. ==Намтар== Архангай аймгийн Өлзийт сумын Өгийнуурын шанаа хэмээх газар төрсөн. 1947-50 онд Намын дээд сургууль төгссөн. 1936 онд цэргийн албанд татагдан Тусгай хороонд цэрэг, бага дарга, 1937-1938 онд Эрдэнэцагааны отрядад салаа сумангийн дарга, 1938-1939 онд 24-р отрядад заставын дарга, 1939-1947 онд 24-р отрядын байлдааны ангийн туслах, 24, 27, 31-р отрядын намын товчооны дарга, улс төрийн орлогч, 1950-1953 онд 20, 31-р отрядад улс төрийн орлогч, 1953-1959 онд УБТЗ-д боловсон хүчин, Батсүмбэрийн САА-н намын хорооны дарга, зохион байгуулагч, 1959-1960 онд Увсын Баруунтурууны САА-д зохион байгуулагч, 1960-62 онд НАХЯ-ы Засан хүмүүжүүлэх газрын улс төрийн орлогч, намын хорооны дарга, 1962-67 онд Архангай аймгийн Өлзийт суманд нэгдлийн дарга, 1968-1969 онд СнЗ-ийн амралтад аж ахуйн дарга, 1969-1972 онд Хэрээ-Уулын заставын дарга, 1972-1975 онд 24-р отрядын Халхын голын комендатурын дарга, 1975-1976 онд хилийн 0198-р ангийн хилийн албаны дарга, 1977-1980 онд Монгол-Зөвлөлтийн хилийг тогтоон тэмдэглэх комиссын 12-р техник ажлын группийн монгол хэсгийн даргаар ажиллажээ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://bpo.gov.mn/content/39 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-11-19 |archive-date=2020-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020145529/http://bpo.gov.mn/content/39 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Нэгдлийн дарга байх үед АИХ-н 15-р их хуралд төлөөлөгчөөр, мөн ХЦ-н 0198-р ангид ажиллаж байхдаа АИХ-д төлөөлөгчөөр сонгогдож АИХ-ын депутатаар 2-удаа сонгогдож байсан юм. == Халхын голын дайн == [[Халхын голын дайн]]ы фронтын гол чиглэлд хилийн 24-р отрядын 6-р заставыг удирдан оролцжээ. 1939 онд Ац гурван шиврээд дайсны тагнуулын томоохон бүлгийг устгасан. Мөн оны 8-р сарын 28-нд Муухайбулагт 50 гаруй дайсантай байлдан устгасан, 8-р сарын 30-д Шавартай голд 30 гаруй дайсныг мөрдөн устгасан, Эрс-Ууланд олон дахин давуу хүчтэй дайсанд бүслэгдэн бововч бүслэлтийг сэтлэн тэднийг бут цохисон зэрэг байлдааны онцгой тохиолдлуудыг дурдаж болно. 40 гаруй удаа байлдаанд орж, биечлэн 300 гаруй дайсныг барьсан. Хүндэт чекистийн тэмдгээр шагнагдсан.[[Файл:Heroy MNR.jpg|thumb|159x159px|БНМАУ-ын баатар цол|left]] Түүний удирдаж байсан заставыг 1972 онд АИХТ-ийн цэргийн гавьяаны одонгоор шагнасан. 1945 оны Чөлөөлөх дайнд 31-р отрядад алба хааж байхдаа оролцон, хилийн чанадад байлдааны ба хүмүүнлэгийн үүрэг гүйцэтгэжээ. 1946 онд НДС-д элсэн орж суралцсан ч дээд газрын шийдвэрээр 1947 онд баруун хилд гоминдан, казахын дээрэмчдийг устгахад амь биеэ үл хайрлан тусгай даалгавар гүйцэтгэхэд оролцжээ.<ref name=":0" /> Тэрбээр дайн дууссаны дараа Төв аймгийн Батсүмбэр, Увс аймгийн Баруунтурууны САА, Архангай аймгийн Өлзийт сумын, нэгдлийн даргаар ажиллах хугацаандаа цэрэг хүний дайчин, мятаршгүй чадварыг гарган ажилласны үр дүнд удирдлагад нь ажиллаж байсан саальчин Авирмэд, ногоочин Долгор нар БНМАУ-ын хөдөлмөрийн баатар цол хүртэж, тракторчин Пүрэвжав, ногоочин Должинжав, Луузан, Дамдин нар улсын аварга болсныг түүх гэрчилнэ.<ref name=":1" /> ==Гэр бүл== Эхнэр Цэрэнтогтохын Цэвэлийн хамт 8 хүүхэдтэй. == Гэгээн дурсгал == [[Файл:Samdan_Tumurbaatar_statue.jpg|thumb|БНМАУ-ын баатар Самдангийн Төмөрбаатарын гэрэлт хөшөө|227x227px|link=Special:FilePath/Statue_Tumurbaatar.jpg]] Архангай аймгийн Өлзийт сумын Ерөнхий боловсролын сургууль нь БНМАУ-ын баатар Самдангийн Төмөрбаатарын нэрэмжит юм. 2019 оны 7-р сарын 7-ны билэгт сайн өдөр тус сургуулийн хичээлийн байрны өмнөх талбайд С.Төмөрбаатар агсны үр хүүхдүүд болон төрөл төрөгсөд, нутгийн зон олон түүний гэрэлт хөшөөг суурилууллаа.<ref>https://www.montsame.mn/mn/read/195003</ref> 1939 оны Халхын голын дайн, 1945 оны чөлөөлөх дайн, 1948 оны баруун хилийн тулгаралтад оролцож, алдар гавьяагаа мандуулсан Монгол Улсын баатар Самдангийн Төмөрбаатарын номын нээлт 2019 оны 07-р сарын 1-ний өдөр Монгол цэргийн музейд болсон.<ref name=":1">https://www.uia.gov.mn/news-details/4{{Dead link|date=Дөрөвдүгээр сар 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Номын нээлтэд ХХЕГ-ын удирдлага, Монгол Улсын баатруудын “Үхэвч үнэн холбоо” ТББ, УИХ-ын гишүүн асан С.Ламбаа, хошууч генерал П.Сүндэв, баатрын удирдлага дор ажиллаж байсан ахмад хилчид, баатрын үр хүүхэд, төрөл төрөгсөд, хилчин докторуудын төлөөлөл оролцов. "Япон, Манж-го Улсын цэргүүд Монгол Улсын хилийг удаа дараа зөрчиж, өдөөн хатгалга хийх тэр л үеэс С.Төмөрбаатар даргатай Эрс уулын 6 дугаар заставын хилчид хүч тэнцвэргүй их, бага нийт 62 удаагийн тулгаралтад оролцохдоо тухай бүр нь ялалт байгуулж, алдар гавьяагаа дуурсгаж байсан. Байлдааны амжилт нь С.Төмөрбаатар дарга Чингис хааны байлдааны арга, тактикийг тодорхой судалж, хилийн заставын байлдааны ажиллагааг удирдахдаа ашиглаж байсан нь харагдаж байна. Дэд хурандаа С.Төмөрбаатар нь Монгол Улсын баатруудаас 45, Халхын голын дайнаас тодорсон баатруудаас 13, хилчин баатруудаас 11, Архангай аймгаас төрсөн баатруудаас гурав дахь нь бөгөөд 25 насандаа цэргийн гавьяаны улаан тугийн одон, алтан гадас одонгоор энгэрээ мялааж, удирдсан застав нь “байлдааны гавьяа”-ны одонгоор шагнагдаж байв" хэмээн номын зохиогч ДХИС-ийн Эрдэм шинжилгээний хүрээлэнгийн Хил судлалын төвийн эрхлэгч, доктор, хурандаа Ж.Өвгөнбүргэд номдоо дурдав. <ref name=":1" /> ==Галлерей== С.Төмөрбаатарын хамт авхуулсан гэр бүлийн гишүүд болон албаны хүмүүсийн түүхэн зургууд.<gallery mode="nolines"> </gallery> == Зүүлт тайлбар == {{DEFAULTSORT:Төмөрбаатар, Самдангийн}} [[Ангилал:Халхын голын дайны хүн]] [[Ангилал:Монголын цэргийн зүтгэлтэн]] [[Ангилал:БНМАУ-ын баатар]] [[Ангилал:БНМАУ-ын байлдааны гавьяаны улаан тугийн одон шагналтан]] [[Ангилал:ЗХУ-ын Улаан таван хошуу одон шагналтан]] [[Ангилал:Алтан гадас одон шагналтан]] [[Ангилал:Монголчууд]] [[Ангилал:1914 онд төрсөн]] [[Ангилал:1985 онд өнгөрсөн]] <references /> [[Ангилал:Өлзийтийн (Архангай) хүн]] il19xruo28537rg4jtx1bb6al487yog 0 61992 859993 838976 2026-06-24T07:01:56Z ~2026-36377-88 105518 Tv5.mn 859993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Монголын телевизийн суваг}} {{Unreferenced}} {{Инфобокс телевизийн суваг | name = TV5 Монгол (TV5) TV5 Mongolia | image = TV5 Tower.jpg | logo = ТВ5 лого.png | logo_size = 130px | logo_alt = | launch_date = 2003.01.01 | closed_date = | owner = О.Сарангэрэл Н.Базаррагчаа | country = [[Монгол]] | area = Улс даяар | headquarters = [[Улаанбаатар]], [[Монгол]] | former_names = | replaced =Уриа: Монгол Улсаа Хөгжүүлье | sister_channels =TV5 Home shopping Movie Max | timeshift_service = | website = [http://www.tv5.mn/ www.tv5.mn] }} '''ТВ5 телевиз''' нь бүх насныханд зориулсан энтертайнмент хөтөлбөртэй, танин мэдэхүйн анхны суваг бөгөөд Шилдэг 10-н телевизийн тоонд ордог. ТВ5 бол монголын хэвлэл мэдээллийн салбарт өрсөлдөгч анхдагч телевизүүдийн нэг иргэдийн дуу хоолой сонирхолтой подкастууд ба энгийн кинонуудыг үзүүлэх зорилготой одоогоор фейсбүүк хуудас нь анх удаа 1,000,000 дагагчтай болсон анхны сошиал хуудас болсон юм. Анх ТВ5 телевиз нь 2002 оны 12-р сард Нийслэлд кабелийн сувгуудаар Туршилтын нэвтрүүлгээ цацаж эхэлсэн нь шинэ оны баярт анх удаа нээгдэх суваг болсон үүнтэй зэрэгцэн 2003 оны 1-р сарын 1-ны өдөр анхны нэвтрүүлгээ цацаж эхэлсэн нь Монголын ард түмэн ба телевизийн салбарт цоо шинэ хуудас авчирсан Монголын Анхны Интернэт Телевиз болох ТВ5 нь анх удаа нийслэл даяар цацах уласжлалт сувгаас гадна www.tv5.mn веб сайтад шууд эфирээ үзэх боломжийг нэг дор олгосон билээ энэ нь гадаадад суугаа монголчуудад нээлттэй ертөнцийг бий болгосон 2007 онд TV5 2 буюу TV5 HOME SHOPPING Худалдааны сувгийг кабелийн телевизүүдээр цацаж эхэлсэн 2010-аад он гэхэд TV5 3 буюу одоогийн Movie Max кино сувгийн эхлэл тавигдсан 2013 онд Өнгө төрх бодлогоо шинэчилж шинэ ажлын байр шинэ техник технологи тоног төхөөрөмжтэй шинэ ажилчидтай болж үзэгчиддэд сошиал медиагаа тасралтгүй хүргэх нэвтрүүлгүүдийг хийж эхэлсэн. == Лого == <gallery> File:ТВ5 Лого өмнөх.png | 2003 - 2012 он File:ТВ5 лого.png | 2012 - одоог хүртэл </gallery> {{Монгол улсын телевизүүд}} [[Ангилал:Монголын телевиз]] {{Mongolia-stub}} sshsmpd4125dm8qjru70dlrdl8a12op 10 65109 859882 859874 2026-06-23T12:25:35Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859882 wikitext text/x-wiki {{инфобокс | bodyclass = vcard | titleclass = fn org | title = {{{name|<includeonly>{{PAGENAMEBASE}}</includeonly>}}} | above = {{{nicknames|}}} | abovestyle = font-style: italics | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{logo|}}}|size={{{logo_size|}}}}} | caption = {{{logo_caption|}}} | image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|}}}}} | caption2 = {{{caption|{{{image_caption|}}}}}} | image3 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{track_map|}}}|size={{{track_map_size|}}}}} | caption3 = {{{track_map_caption|}}} | headerstyle = background-color: #dedede;color:inherit; | label1 = Байршил | class1 = label | data1 = {{{location|}}} | label2 = [[Газар зүйн солбицлын систем|Солбицол]] | data2 = {{{coordinates|}}} | label3 = Багтаамж | data3 = {{{capacity|}}} | label4 = [[List of motor racing circuits by FIA Grade|ОУАХ-ны зэрэглэл]] | data4 = {{{fia_grade|}}} | label5 = Эзэмшигч | data5 = {{{owner|}}} | label6 = Оператор | data6 = {{{operator|}}} | label7 = Хаяг | data7 = {{{address|}}} | label8 = Шав тавьсан | data8 = {{{broke_ground|}}} | label9 = Нээгдсэн | data9 = {{{opened|}}} | label10 = Хаагдсан | data10 = {{{closed|}}} | label11 = Барилгын өртөг | data11 = {{{construction_cost|}}} | label12 = Архитектор | data12 = {{{architect|}}} | label13 = Хуучин нэр | class13 = nickname | data13 = {{{former_names|}}} | label14 = Чухал арга хэмжээ | data14 = {{{events|}}} | label15 = Вэбсайт | data15 = {{#if:{{{homepage|{{{website|}}}}}} |{{#ifeq:{{{homepage|{{{website|}}}}}}|hide||{{{homepage|{{{website|}}}}}} }} |{{#if:{{#property:P856}} |{{#statements:P856}} <!-- using #statements: instead of #property: so that it properly handles linking multiple URLs --> }} }} | header16 = {{{layout|}}} | label17 = Гадаргуу | data17 = {{{surface|}}} | label18 = Урт | data18 = {{#if:{{{length_m|}}}|{{convinfobox|{{{length_m|}}}|m|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}}|<!-- -->{{convinfobox|{{{length_km|}}}|km|{{{length_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}}}} | label19 = Эргэлт | data19 = {{{turns|}}} | label20 = Banking | data20 = {{{banking|}}} | label21 = Замын дээд амжилт | data21 = {{{record_time|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver|}}}{{{record_car|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver|}}}|{{{record_car|}}}|{{{record_year|}}}|{{{record_class|}}}}})}} | header22 = {{{layout2|}}} | label23 = Гадаргуу | data23 = {{{surface2|}}} | label24 = Урт | data24 = {{convinfobox|{{{length2_km|}}}|km|{{{length2_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label25 = Эргэлт | data25 = {{{turns2|}}} | label26 = Banking | data26 = {{{banking2|}}} | label27 = Замын дээд амжилт | data27 = {{{record_time2|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver2|}}}{{{record_car2|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver2|}}}|{{{record_car2|}}}|{{{record_year2|}}}|{{{record_class2|}}}}})}} | header28 = {{{layout3|}}} | label29 = Гадаргуу | data29 = {{{surface3|}}} | label30 = Урт | data30 = {{convinfobox|{{{length3_km|}}}|km|{{{length3_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label31 = Эргэлт | data31 = {{{turns3|}}} | label32 = Banking | data32 = {{{banking3|}}} | label33 = Замын дээд амжилт | data33 = {{{record_time3|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver3|}}}{{{record_car3|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver3|}}}|{{{record_car3|}}}|{{{record_year3|}}}|{{{record_class3|}}}}})}} | header34 = {{{layout4|}}} | label35 = Гадаргуу | data35 = {{{surface4|}}} | label36 = Урт | data36 = {{convinfobox|{{{length4_km|}}}|km|{{{length4_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label37 = Эргэлт | data37 = {{{turns4|}}} | label38 = Banking | data38 = {{{banking4|}}} | label39 = Замын дээд амжилт | data39 = {{{record_time4|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver4|}}}{{{record_car4|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver4|}}}|{{{record_car4|}}}|{{{record_year4|}}}|{{{record_class4|}}}}})}} | header40 = {{{layout5|}}} | label41 = Гадаргуу | data41 = {{{surface5|}}} | label42 = Урт | data42 = {{convinfobox|{{{length5_km|}}}|km|{{{length5_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label43 = Эргэлт | data43 = {{{turns5|}}} | label44 = Banking | data44 = {{{banking5|}}} | label45 = Замын дээд амжилт | data45 = {{{record_time5|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver5|}}}{{{record_car5|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver5|}}}|{{{record_car5|}}}|{{{record_year5|}}}|{{{record_class5|}}}}})}} | header46 = {{{layout6|}}} | label47 = Гадаргуу | data47 = {{{surface6|}}} | label48 = Урт | data48 = {{convinfobox|{{{length6_km|}}}|km|{{{length6_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label49 = Эргэлт | data49 = {{{turns6|}}} | label50 = Banking | data50 = {{{banking6|}}} | label51 = Замын дээд амжилт | data51 = {{{record_time6|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver6|}}}{{{record_car6|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver6|}}}|{{{record_car6|}}}|{{{record_year6|}}}|{{{record_class6|}}}}})}} | header52 = {{{layout7|}}} | label53 = Гадаргуу | data53 = {{{surface7|}}} | label54 = Урт | data54 = {{convinfobox|{{{length7_km|}}}|km|{{{length7_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label55 = Эргэлт | data55 = {{{turns7|}}} | label56 = Banking | data56 = {{{banking7|}}} | label57 = Замын дээд амжилт | data57 = {{{record_time7|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver7|}}}{{{record_car7|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver7|}}}|{{{record_car7|}}}|{{{record_year7|}}}|{{{record_class7|}}}}})}} | header58 = {{{layout8|}}} | label59 = Гадаргуу | data59 = {{{surface8|}}} | label60 = Урт | data60 = {{convinfobox|{{{length8_km|}}}|km|{{{length8_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label61 = Эргэлт | data61 = {{{turns8|}}} | label62 = Banking | data62 = {{{banking8|}}} | label63 = Замын дээд амжилт | data63 = {{{record_time8|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver8|}}}{{{record_car8|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver8|}}}|{{{record_car8|}}}|{{{record_year8|}}}|{{{record_class8|}}}}})}} | header64 = {{{layout9|}}} | label65 = Гадаргуу | data65 = {{{surface9|}}} | label66 = Урт | data66 = {{convinfobox|{{{length9_km|}}}|km|{{{length9_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label67 = Эргэлт | data67 = {{{turns9|}}} | label68 = Banking | data68 = {{{banking9|}}} | label69 = Замын дээд амжилт | data69 = {{{record_time9|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver9|}}}{{{record_car9|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver9|}}}|{{{record_car9|}}}|{{{record_year9|}}}|{{{record_class9|}}}}})}} | header70 = {{{layout10|}}} | label71 = Гадаргуу | data71 = {{{surface10|}}} | label72 = Урт | data72 = {{convinfobox|{{{length10_km|}}}|km|{{{length10_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label73 = Эргэлт | data73 = {{{turns10|}}} | label74 = Banking | data74 = {{{banking10|}}} | label75 = Замын дээд амжилт | data75 = {{{record_time10|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver10|}}}{{{record_car10|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver10|}}}|{{{record_car10|}}}|{{{record_year10|}}}|{{{record_class10|}}}}})}} | header76 = {{{layout11|}}} | label77 = Гадаргуу | data77 = {{{surface11|}}} | label78 = Урт | data78 = {{convinfobox|{{{length11_km|}}}|km|{{{length11_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label79 = Эргэлт | data79 = {{{turns11|}}} | label80 = Banking | data80 = {{{banking11|}}} | label81 = Замын дээд амжилт | data81 = {{{record_time11|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver11|}}}{{{record_car11|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver11|}}}|{{{record_car11|}}}|{{{record_year11|}}}|{{{record_class11|}}}}})}} | header82 = {{{layout12|}}} | label83 = Гадаргуу | data83 = {{{surface12|}}} | label84 = Урт | data84 = {{convinfobox|{{{length12_km|}}}|km|{{{length12_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label85 = Эргэлт | data85 = {{{turns12|}}} | label86 = Banking | data86 = {{{banking12|}}} | label87 = Замын дээд амжилт | data87 = {{{record_time12|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver12|}}}{{{record_car12|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver12|}}}|{{{record_car12|}}}|{{{record_year12|}}}|{{{record_class12|}}}}})}} | header88 = {{{layout13|}}} | label89 = Гадаргуу | data89 = {{{surface13|}}} | label90 = Урт | data90 = {{convinfobox|{{{length13_km|}}}|km|{{{length13_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label91 = Эргэлт | data91 = {{{turns13|}}} | label92 = Banking | data92 = {{{banking13|}}} | label93 = Замын дээд амжилт | data93 = {{{record_time13|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver13|}}}{{{record_car13|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver13|}}}|{{{record_car13|}}}|{{{record_year13|}}}|{{{record_class13|}}}}})}} | header94 = {{{layout14|}}} | label95 = Гадаргуу | data95 = {{{surface14|}}} | label96 = Урт | data96 = {{convinfobox|{{{length14_km|}}}|km|{{{length14_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label97 = Эргэлт | data97 = {{{turns14|}}} | label98 = Banking | data98 = {{{banking14|}}} | label99 = Замын дээд амжилт | data99 = {{{record_time14|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver14|}}}{{{record_car14|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver14|}}}|{{{record_car14|}}}|{{{record_year14|}}}|{{{record_class14|}}}}})}} | header100 = {{{layout15|}}} | label101 = Гадаргуу | data101 = {{{surface15|}}} | label102 = Урт | data102 = {{convinfobox|{{{length15_km|}}}|km|{{{length15_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label103 = Эргэлт | data103 = {{{turns15|}}} | label104 = Banking | data104 = {{{banking15|}}} | label105 = Замын дээд амжилт | data105 = {{{record_time15|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver15|}}}{{{record_car15|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver15|}}}|{{{record_car15|}}}|{{{record_year15|}}}|{{{record_class15|}}}}})}} | header106 = {{{layout16|}}} | label107 = Гадаргуу | data107 = {{{surface16|}}} | label108 = Урт | data108 = {{convinfobox|{{{length16_km|}}}|km|{{{length16_mi|}}}|mi|order={{#if:{{{miles_first|}}}|flip}}}} | label109 = Эргэлт | data109 = {{{turns16|}}} | label110 = Banking | data110 = {{{banking16|}}} | label111 = Замын дээд амжилт | data111 = {{{record_time16|}}} {{#if:{{{record_driver16|}}}{{{record_car16|}}}|({{csv|{{{record_driver16|}}}|{{{record_car16|}}}|{{{record_year16|}}}|{{{record_class16|}}}}})}} | data112 = {{{nrhp|{{{embedded|}}}}}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox motorsport venue with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox motorsport venue]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y| address | architect | banking | regexp1 = banking[1-9][0-6]* | broke_ground | capacity | caption | closed | construction_cost | coordinates | embedded | events | fia_grade | former_names | homepage | image | image_caption | image_size | layout | length_m | regexp2 = layout[1-9][0-6]* | length_mi | regexp3 = length[1-9][0-6]*_mi | length_km | regexp4 = length[1-9][0-6]*_km | location | logo | logo_caption | logo_size | miles_first | name | nicknames | nrhp | opened | operator | owner | record_car | regexp5 = record_car[1-9][0-6]* | record_class | regexp6 = record_class[1-9][0-6]* | record_driver | regexp7 = record_driver[1-9][0-6]* | record_time | regexp8 = record_time[1-9][0-6]* | record_year | regexp9 = record_year[1-9][0-6]* | surface | regexp10 = surface[1-9][0-6]*| track_map | track_map_caption | track_map_size | turns | regexp11 = turns[1-9][0-6]* | website }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}<!-- please place category links on the /doc sub-page, not here --></noinclude> 90ctsyf8lobudi7rgyoh9hfxr3uxt60 0 66455 859975 804669 2026-06-23T23:36:33Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unreferenced}} [[Говь-Алтай аймаг|Говь-Алтай]], [[Завхан аймаг|Завхан аймгийн]] нутгийг дамнан орших 300 км үргэлжилсэн 3000 орчим ам дөрвөлжин км талбай эзлэн орших '''Монгол Элс''' нь манай улсын хамгийн том элсэн тарамцаг юм. Элсэн хуримтлалд бөөрөг, хонхорт бөөрөг, манханжсан хонхорт бөөрөг манхан хэлхээ, цац суварган оргил бүхий өндөр манхан, бүрхэвч зэрэг хоорондоо ялгарах хотгор гүдгэрийн бүхий л хэлбэрүүд байдаг бөгөөд Монгол элсний хойд захаар [[Завхан гол]] эмжин урсахын хамт [[Эрээн нуур|Эрээн]], [[Ажиг нуур|Ажиг]], [[Сангийн далай нуур|Сангийн далай]], [[Гүн нуур|Гүн]] зэрэг олон нуур тогтсон байдаг нь байгалийн үзэсгэлэнт байдал эко системийн өвөрмөц хослолыг бий болгожээ. Монгол элсэнд элсний бэлчээрийн үндсэн ургамал болох хар, цагаан суль нь хур бороо, ган гачигаас үл хамааран зөвхөн хөрсний чийгээр ургадаг онцлогтой. Иймээс ч нутгийн ард иргэд Монгол элсийг ган зудын аюулаас хамгаалдаг хэмээн их шүтдэг. Мөн домогт гардаг [[олгой хорхой]] байдаг гэж нутгийнхан үздэг байна. Монгол элсийг хөндлөн гулд туулах оролдлого хийсэн хүмүүс ор сураггүй алга болдог аж. [[Ангилал:Говь-Алтай аймгийн газар зүй]] [[Ангилал:Завхан аймгийн газар зүй]] [[Ангилал:Манхан]] [[Ангилал:Завхан гол]] {{Mongolia-stub}} adcv8ir4oayijbuvcdkstuebn23md1l 0 66532 859976 751716 2026-06-23T23:36:41Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859976 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Хонгорын элс''' нь [[Өмнөговь]] аймгийн [[Сэврэй]].<ref>Сүүлд нэмэгдсэн. (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2016, from {{Webarchiv|url=http://www.omnogovi.gov.mn/page/1843.shtml |wayback=20140819203014 |text=Archive copy |archiv-bot=2023-10-06 19:40:56 InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>, [[Баяндалай сум|Баяндалай сумдын]].<ref>Баяндалай сум. (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2016, from [[Баяндалай сум|https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Баяндалай_сум]]</ref> нутагт орших бөгөөд Сэврэй, [[Зөөлөнгийн нуруу|Зөөлөнгийн нурууны]].<ref>Өмнөговь аймгийн 9 гайхамшиг. (n.d.). Retrieved July 09, 2015.</ref> араар 180 орчим км үргэлжилдэг элсэн манхан юм. Баруун хойноос зүүн урагш чиглэн үргэлжилсэн нийтдээ 965 ам км талбайтай. Элсний хамгийн өргөн нь баруун хойд талдаа 27 км, хамгийн нарийн нь төв хэсэгтээ 800 метр байдаг. Элсний орой дээр гарахад цааш хэдэн зуун манхан толгод үргэлжлэн харагдана. [[Хонгорын элс|Хонгорын элсний]] ойр хавийг бүхэлд нь харахад урдуураа хадтай уул, дундуураа ургамал ургах аргагүй элсэн манхан, хойд бэлээр нь гол урсаж ногоорсон баянбүрд харагдах нь тун үзэсгэлэнтэй. [[Зөөлөнгийн нуруу|Зөөлөнгийн нуруунаас]] буусан үерийн ус Хонгорын элсний дундуур зам гарган нэвт урсаж хөрсөнд шингээд, элсний хойд захад [[Сэрүүн булаг]].<ref>Өмнөговь аймгийн 9 гайхамшиг. (n.d.). Retrieved July 09, 2015.</ref>, [[Арганга булаг]].<ref>Өмнөговь аймгийн 9 гайхамшиг. (n.d.). Retrieved July 09, 2015.</ref> хэмээх горхийг үүсгэн газар дээр дахин гарч баруун тийш элснийхээ хаяагаар 10 гаруй км урсдаг бөгөөд үүнийг Хонгорын гол хэмээнэ. Элсэн манханаар аялахдаа хамгийн ойр байх толгод дээр эхлэн хажуулдан явж гарах бөгөөд нэг оройгоос нөгөө орой руу толгодын хярыг даган явбал дөхөм болно. Сул нүүдэллэдэг элс учраас эгц авирах боломжгүй, хөл шигдэн амархан ядардаг. Сэврэй уулын хаднаа нэлээд олон тооны хадны сүг зураг байх бөгөөд тэр дунд таван янгирын араас хөөж намнаж яваа дөрвөн морьтой анчныг дүрсэлсэн зураг бий. Нум сум нь энгийн хэлбэртэй бөгөөд хүрэл зэвсгийн үеийн нум байж болох юм гэж судлаачид үзжээ. [[Өмнөговь аймаг|Өмнөговь аймгийн]] бүх нутгийн 3 орчим хувийг эзэлдэг элсэн нуруу, манхан, тармаг элсээс Сэврэй, Номгон, Зөөлөн уулийн ар хоолойг дагаж баруунаас зүүн тийш 185 км үргэлжлэн 925 ам дөрвөлжин км талбай эзлэх Хонгорын элс хамгийн том бөгөөд Монгол улсын томоохон баянбүрдийн нэгэнд тооцогдох юм. Хонгорын элсний баруун үзүүрт орших баруун зүүн Шургуул, Тал гашуун, Адаг гашуун, Талын цүнхэл, Хоохорын тээг, Хун нуурын шал, Харын боом, Шар хулсан зэрэг хиаг, хулс,ширэг, заг, сондуул, хужир бүхий сонин тогтоцтой хонхор хотгор газар юм. Элсэн манхан нь ёроолоосоо дээд оргил хүртэл 10-195метр хүртэл цавчим өндөр бөгөөд салхитай үед янз бүрийн хөгжим эгшиглэх мэт дуу авиа гардаг. Үүний тод жишээ нь Хонгорын голын дуут манхан юм. Энэ нь салхинд элсний маш нарийн ширхэгүүд хийсч сарнин цахилгаанжаад түүний эерэг сөрөг цахилгаан цэнэг үрэлдсэнээс иинхүү чимээ гардаг байна. Хонгорын элс нь шовх оройтой үргэлжилсэн алтан шаргал уул бий болгож ар ёроолоосоо урсгал булаг, ногоон зүлэгтэй, түүний хөвөөгөөр мал сүрэг налайн бэлчиж адаг цагаан нууранд нь усны шувууд ганганалдан чухам нүдийг хужирласан нутаг юм. 2010 онд Монголын говь нэрээр аймгаа төлөөлөн “Монгол улсын есөн гайхамшиг”-ийн нэгээр тодорсон байна. '''Дуут манхан'''.<ref>МОНГОЛЫН ХАМГИЙН ТОМ БАЯН БҮРДИЙН НЭГ. (2011, May/June). Retrieved from {{Webarchiv|url=http://emka_travel.blog.gogo.mn/read/entry346356 |wayback=20190223104905 |text=Archive copy |archiv-bot=2023-10-06 19:40:56 InternetArchiveBot }}</ref>-Хонгорын элсний хамгийн өндөр хэсгийг [[Дуут манхан]] гэнэ. Элсэн дээр дээш харан хэвтэхэд дүнгэнэн нисэх агаарын хөлгийн чимээ сонсогддог учраас нутгийнхан тус нэрийг өгчээ. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Khongoryn Els|Хонгорын элс}} == Эшлэл == <references> <ref name="Hülle_2010" > Hülle, D., et al. "OSL dating of sediments from the Gobi desert, Southern Mongolia." Quaternary Geochronology 5.2 (2010): 107–113. ([https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Daniela_Huelle/publication/248578240_OSL_dating_of_sediments_from_the_Gobi_Desert_Southern_Mongolia/links/02e7e530deba31d07a000000.pdf PDF]) </ref> </references> [[Ангилал:Азийн нуруу]] [[Ангилал:Азийн цөл]] [[Ангилал:Монголын нуруу]] [[Ангилал:Өмнөговь аймгийн газар зүй]] [[Ангилал:Манхан]] [[Ангилал:Цөл]] ntqzzctcfxyuux2ellqolcqysqlwwb0 0 67570 859992 727974 2026-06-24T06:03:34Z ~2026-36377-88 105518 Kinosan.mn 859992 wikitext text/x-wiki ''''' Хувь тавилангийн ээдрээ ''''' - [[2013 он|2013]] оны 4-р сарын 15-нд [[Боловсрол суваг|Боловсрол сувгаар]] гарч эхэлсэн 60 ангит [[Монгол улс|Монголын]] уянгын [[уран сайхны кино]]. Найруулагчаар [[Цэрэндагвын Гансэрээ|Ц.Гансэрээ]] ажиллаж, гол дүрүүдэд С.Тэмүүжин, Ганболдын Золзаяа, Ганбатын Эзэнмөнх, В.Гэрэлцэцэг, Ж.Мөнгөнсүх Х.Тамир нар тоглосон. [[Ангилал:21-р зууны монгол кино]] [[Ангилал:Монгол кинонууд]] [[Ангилал:Уран сайхны кино]] [[Ангилал:2013 оны кино]] [[Ангилал:Олон ангит кино]] aqqnrd1chw33szfbjbdzo0lwojb93j9 0 69269 859877 597273 2026-06-23T12:12:41Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859877 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Испанийн моторт спортын уралдааны зам}} {{Инфобокс уралдааны зам |name = Барселона-Каталунья авто тойруулга |location = [[Монмело]], Барселон, Каталони, Испани |coordinates = {{Coord|41|34|12|N|2|15|40|E|type:landmark_region:ES-CT|display=it}} |image = [[File:Circuit de Catalunya moto 2021.svg|class=skin-invert|250px]] |image_caption = Шикангүй Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2021–одоо) |track_map = [[File:Formula1 Circuit Catalunya 2021.svg|class=skin-invert|250px]] |track_map_caption = Шикантай Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2021–одоо) |capacity = 140,700 |fia_grade = 1 (2 загвар)<br />2 (2 загвар)<br />6R (Ралликрос) |broke_ground = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1989|02|24}} |opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1991|09|10}} |former_names = Каталунья авто тойруулга (1991–2013) |events = '''Одоо:'''<br />'''[[Формула Нэг]]'''<br>''[[Барселон-Каталонийн гран-при]]'' (2026)<br>''[[Испанийн гран-при]]'' (1991–2025)<br />'''[[Мотоциклын дэлхийн аварга шалгаруулах тэмцээн|Мотоциклын ДАШТ]]'''<br>''[[Каталонийн мотоциклын гран-при]]'' (1996–одоо)<br>''[[Барселоны мотоциклын гран-при]]'' (2024)<br>''[[Европын мотоциклын гран-при]]'' (1992–1995)<br />'''[[Европын Ле Ман цуврал]]'''<br>''[[Барселоны 4 цаг]]'' (2008–2009, 2019, 2021–одоо)<br />'''[[24H Цуврал]]'''<br>''[[Барселоны 24 цаг]]'' (1998–2009, 2011–2019, 2021–одоо)<br />'''[[GT World Challenge Europe]]''' (2017–одоо)<br />'''[[TCR Europe Touring Car Series|TCR Европ]]''' (2018–2023, 2025–одоо)<br />'''[[Ferrari Challenge#Finali Mondiali|Ferrari Challenge Finali Mondiali]]''' (2026)<br />'''Хуучин:'''<br />[[Ралли кроссын ДАШТ|FIA World RX]]<br>''[[Каталуньягийн Дэлхийн RX]]'' (2015–2022)<br />[[Супербайкийн ДАШТ|Дэлхийн SBK]] (2020–2024)<br />[[ДТМ]] (2006–2009)<br />[[FIA GT]] (2003)<br />[[1992 оны Зуны Олимп|Зуны Олимп]] (1992) |layout = Шикангүй Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2021–одоо) |length_km = 4.657 |length_mi = 2.894 |turns = 14 |record_time = 1:15.743 |record_driver = {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Оскар Пиастри]] |record_car = [[McLaren MCL39]] |record_year = [[2025 оны Испанийн гран-при|2025]] |record_class = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] |layout2 = Шикантай Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2021–одоо) |length2_km = 4.675 |length2_mi = 2.905 |turns2 = 16 |record_time2 = 1:18.149 |record_driver2 = {{flagicon|NED}} [[Макс Ферстаппен]] |record_car2 = [[Red Bull Racing RB16#2021|Ред Булл Рейсинг RB16B]] |record_year2 = [[2021 оны Испанийн гран-при|2021]] |record_class2 = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] |website = {{URL|https://circuitcat.com}} }} '''Каталуня авто тойруулга''' ([[Каталан хэл|каталанаар]]: '''''Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunyа''''') нь [[Барселон]]оос умард зүгт [[Каталони]]йн [[Монмело]]д байх авто [[уралдааны зам]] юм. Энэ уралдааны зам дээр [[Формула-1]]-ийн нэг уралдаан болох ''Испанийн гран-при'' зохиогдон явагдахаас гадна [[1996 оны мотоциклын ДАШТ|1996 оноос]] хойш жил бүр [[Олон улсын мотоциклын холбоо|ОУМХ]]-оос [[мотоциклын дэлхийн аварга|мотоциклын дэлхийн аваргыг]] [[Мотоциклын Каталоны гран-при|Каталоны гран при]] болгон явуулж байна. {{зай авах}} {{Том зураг|Circuit de Catalunya Panorama.jpg|1500|Каталуня авто тойруулгын нэгдүгээр эргэлт, баруун талын буланд гараа барианы шулуун харагдана.}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Circuit de Catalunya|Каталуня авто тойруулга}} * [http://www.circuitcat.com/ Албан ёсны цахим хуудас] [[Ангилал:Испанийн уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:ДТМ уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Формула-1 уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Мотоциклын ДА-ын уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Каталонийн спортын байгууламж]] [[Ангилал:Монмелогийн спорт]] 5of97bdpnlqpfg34nvptzzfc03khsx4 0 69307 859881 743481 2026-06-23T12:22:26Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859881 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Германы Райнланд-Пфальцын Нюрбургийн уралдааны зам}} {{Инфобокс уралдааны зам |name = Нюрбургринг |location = [[Нюрбург]], Райнланд-Пфальц, Герман |coordinates = {{Coord|50|20|08|N|6|56|51|E|type:landmark}} |logo = [[File:Nurburgring.svg|230px]] |image = [[File:Nürburgring - Grand-Prix Stecke.svg|class=skin-invert|230px]] |image_caption = GP-Strecke тохиргоо (2002–одоо) |track_map = [[File:Circuit Nürburgring-2002-vs-1927.svg|class=skin-invert|230px]] |track_map_caption = 24 цагийн тойргийн тохиргоо – Мерседес-Аренагүй хосолсон GP тойрог зам (2002–одоо) |fia_grade = {{Unbulleted list|1 (GP)|2 (3 бүтэц)|3 (Хосолсон)|6R (Ралли кросс)<ref name="2026_march_list">{{cite web |title=LIST OF FIA LICENSED CIRCUITS UPDATED ON : 2026-03-31 |url=https://www.fia.com/sites/default/files/circuits_fia20260331_0.pdf |publisher=[[Олон Улсын Автомашины Холбоо]] |date=2026-03-31 |access-date=2026-06-23}}</ref>}} |events = {{plainlist|'''Одоогийн:''' * '''[[GT World Challenge Europe]]''' (2014–2016, 2019–2021, 2023–одоо) * '''[[ДТМ]]''' (2000–одоо) * '''[[Нюрбургрингийн 24 Цаг]]''' (1970–одоо) * '''[[Нюрбургрингийн Лангстреккен Цуврал|NLS]]''' (1977–одоо) * '''[[Европын ачааны машины уралдааны АШТ]]''' ''ADAC Truck-Grand-Prix'' (1986–2019, 2022–одоо) }} {{plainlist|'''Хуучин:''' * [[Формула Нэг]] * ''[[Германы гран-при]]'' (засвартай, 1951–2013) * ''[[Европын гран-при]]'' (1984, 1995–1996, 1999–2007) * ''[[Люксембургийн гран-при]]'' (1997–1998) * ''[[Эйфелийн гран-при]]'' (2020) }} |capacity = 150,000 |layout = GP-Strecke (2001–одоо) |surface = Асфальт |length_km = 5.1480 |length_mi = 3.199 |turns = 15 |record_time = <!-- lap records are set during races only. qualifying, practice or testing laps do not count -->1:28.139 |record_driver = {{flagicon|NLD}} [[Макс Ферстаппен]] |record_car = [[Red Bull Racing RB16]] |record_year = [[2020 оны Эйфелийн гран-при|2020]] |record_class = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] }} '''Нюрбургринг''' ([[Герман хэл|германаар]] '''''Nürburgring''''', монголоор Нюрбургийн цагираг) нь [[Нюрбург (цайз)|Нюрбург цайзаар]] нэрлэгдсэн [[Райнланд-Пфальц]]ын [[Арвайлер тойрог|Арвайлер тойргийн]] [[Айфель|Айфель нуруунд]] байдаг авто уралдааны зам бөгөөд түүнийг 1927 оны зургаадугаар сарын 18-нд ашиглалтанд авчээ. Нийт 28 км орчим урттай уулын уралдааны зам нь 1982 он хүртэл анх ашиглалтанд авсан хэлбэрээрээ ашиглагдаж байжээ. Нюрбургринг нь дэлхийн хамгийн урт байнгын уралдааны зам юм. 1984 онд тус замын гараа-барианы хэсэг болон өмнөд тойруу нь тухайн үедээ дэлхийн хамгийн орчин үеийн, найдвартай гранд прикс зам болон шинээр засвар хийгджээ.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/spiegel/print/d-13508062.html Renovierte Hölle], Spiegel-Artikel 19/1984, abgerufen am 22. September 2010.</ref> Тухайн үед 4,5 километр урттай ГП-зам нь шууд 20,8 километр урттай Нордшлайфэд (шлайфэ: [[Монгол хэл|орч.]] гогцоо, тойруу, хүрд гэсэн утгатай) холбогдов. Энэ хоёр тусдаа тойруулга зам нь нийлээд 26 километр болох бөгөөд уралдаан бүрт зориулан хэлбэрийг нь өөрчилдөг байна. Жишээлбэл [[VLN холын замын аварга шалгаруулалт, Нюрбургринг|VLN]] уралдаанд Мюлленбахшлайфэг оруулалгүй (24,433 км), [[Нюрбургрингийн 24 цагийн уралдаан|24 цагийн уралдаан]]ы үед Мерседес-Аренаг хасаx (25,378 км) гэх мэт. Нюрбургринг 2009 төслийн хүрээнд 2007 оноос эхлэн хоёр жилийн хугацаатайгаар уралдааны замын ойролцоо чөлөөт цагаа өнгөрөөх парк, худалдааны төв, уушийн газар, зочид буудал, амралтын тосгон зэргийг бүтээн босгожээ. 2012 онд Нюрбургринг ХХК [[дампуурал|дампуурлаа]] мэдэгдсэний дараа 2015 оны 1 сарын 1-нд автомашины эд анги нийлүүлэгч [[Каприкорн]] тус замыг худалдан авчээ.<ref name="Welt Automobilzulieferer">[https://www.welt.de/wirtschaft/article125693118/Automobilzulieferer-kauft-insolventen-Nuerburgring.html ''Automobilzulieferer kauft insolventen Nürburgring''], Die Welt, 2014-03-11</ref><ref>{{Webarchiv|url=http://www.capricorngroup.net/fileadmin/files/documents/Artikel/CapricornNBR.pdf |wayback=20140312020721 |text=''Offizielle Pressemitteilung zur Übernahme des Nürburgrings durch die Capricorn Group'' |archiv-bot=2023-09-26 16:03:54 InternetArchiveBot }}, Capricorn Group, pdf 2014-03-11</ref><ref name="WiWo Automobilzulieferer">[http://www.wiwo.de/politik/deutschland/analyse-zum-nuerburgring-verkauf-ein-ueberraschungssieger-und-viele-verlierer/9603956.html ''Ein Überraschungssieger und viele Verlierer''] WirtschaftsWoche, 12. März 2014, abgerufen am 12. März 2014</ref> 2014 оны аравдугаар сарын сүүлээс эхлэн оросын тэрбумтан [[Виктор Владимирович Харитонин|Виктор Харитонин]] ''NR Холдингоор'' дамжуулан Нюрбургрингийн хөрөнгийн гуравны хоёрыг эзэмшиж байна. Үүгээр Виктор Харитонин Каприкорны хувийг өөрийн эзэмшил болгон авав. Үлдсэн гуравны нэг хувь нь Гетспийдэд байсан хэвээрээ юм.<ref>[http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/nuerburgring-russischer-milliardaer-uebernimmt-mehrheit-von-capricorn-a-1000266.html ''„Insolvente Rennstrecke: Russischer Oligarch steigt beim Nürburgring ein“''], spiegel.de 2014-10-30</ref> == Түүх == {{өргөтгөх хэсэг}} === Замын хэлбэрүүд === <gallery caption="1927–1967 оны замын хэлбэр"> Circuit Nürburgring-1927.svg|1927-1967 оны хоорондох нийт зам Circuit Nürburgring-1927-Betonschleife.svg|Гараа барианы шулууны нарийвчилсан зураг Circuit Nürburgring-1927-Nordschleife.svg|Нордшлайфэ, өмнөд тойруугийн хамтаар Circuit Nürburgring-1927-Südschleife.svg|Өмнөд тойрууг нарийвчлан үзүүлсэн байдал </gallery> <gallery caption="1967–1983 оны замын хэлбэр"> Circuit Nürburgring-1967.svg|1967-1972 оны нийт зам Circuit Nürburgring-1973.svg|1973-1982 оны хоорондох уралдааны зам Circuit Nürburgring-1967-Nordschleife.svg|Нордшлайфэ 1967-1982 хооронд гараа-барианы шулууны хамт Circuit Nürburgring-1983.svg|1983 оны засварын үеийн гран-пригийн бүх зам </gallery> <gallery caption="1984 оноос хойших замын хэлбэр"> Circuit Nürburgring-1984.svg|1984–1994 оны хоорондох бүх зам Circuit Nürburgring-1995.svg|1927-1967 оны хоорондох Формула 1-ийн зам Circuit Nürburgring-2013.svg|2002 оноос хойших одооны зам Мерседес-Аренагийн хамтаар Circuit Nürburgring-2002-24h.svg|2005 оноос хойших 24 цагийн уралдааны зам, Мерседес-Арена ороогүй Circuit Nürburgring-1984-GP.svg|1984 оноос хойших шинэ гран-при зам Circuit Nürburgring-1995-GP.svg|1985 оноос хойших шинэ Формула 1-ийн гран-при зам </gallery> <gallery caption="Одооны замын хувилбарууд"> Circuit Nürburgring-2002-24h.svg|2005 оноос хойших 24 цагийн уралдааны зам, Мерседес-Арена ороогүй Circuit Nürburgring-2013-Nordschleife.svg|Нордшлайфэг нарийвчлан үзүүлсэн байдал 2002 он Circuit Nürburgring-2013-GP.svg|Гран-при зам Мерседес-Аренагийн хамтаар 2002 он Circuit Nürburgring-2002-Sprint.svg|2002 оноос хойших богино замын хувилбар Circuit Nürburgring-2002-Müllenbach.svg|2002 оноос хойших Мюлленбахшлайфэ Circuit Nürburgring 1991-1997 Rallycross.svg|1991–1997 оны хооронд ашигласан Ралликросс уралдааны зам Circuit Nürburgring-2009-Supermoto.svg|2009 оноос хойших Супермото-Кроссын зам </gallery> {{Том зураг|Nürburgring Boxengasse Panorama.jpg|2000|Нюрбургрингийн засварын цэг ба гараа-барианы шулуун.}} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Nürburgring|Нюрбургринг}} * [http://www.nuerburgring.de/ Website der Nürburgring GmbH] * [http://www.ring1.de/ Neues Informationsportal rund um die Veranstaltungen am Nürburgring] == Эшлэл == <references /> [[Ангилал:Формула-1 уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Мотоциклын ДА-ын уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Райнланд-Пфальцын спортын байгууламж]] [[Ангилал:ДТМ уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Германы уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Америкийн Лэ Ман цувралын уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Туршилтын зам]] lnatcwzeq0tjjiodbwjfecfd7br132e 0 85797 859883 576454 2026-06-23T12:30:45Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Австралийн Мельбурн хотын моторт спортын уралдааны зам}} {{Инфобокс уралдааны зам |name = Альберт паркийн авто тойруулга |location = [[Альберт парк, Викториа|Альберт парк]], [[Мельбурн]], Викториа, Австрали |coordinates = {{Coord|37|50|59|S|144|58|6|E|type:landmark_region:AU-VIC|display=it}} |image = Albert Park Circuit 2021.svg |image_size = 250px |image_caption = Альберт паркийн авто тойруулга (2021–одоо) |fia_grade = 1 |opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1953|11|20}}<br>Дахин нээгдсэн: {{Start date and age|df=yes|1996|03|07}} |closed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1958|11|30}} |events = '''Одоогийн:'''<br />'''[[Формула Нэг]]'''<br />''[[Австралийн гран-при]]'' (1996–2019, 2022–одоо)<br />'''Хуучин:'''<br />[[Австралийн жолоочдын АШТ]] (1957–1958) |capacity = ~125,000 (44,000 суудал)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.highwayf1.com/news/2022/2/26/capacity-crowd-for-australian-grand-prix-as-tickets-sell-out|title=Capacity crowd for Australian Grand Prix as ticket sell out|date=2022-04-03|work=Highway F1|author=Эндрю Рикарт|quote=Capacity for the venue is between 120,000 - 130,000, with organisers now expecting a crowd in excess of 100,000 on Saturday as well for Formula One qualifying.|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2022-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226071846/https://www.highwayf1.com/news/2022/2/26/capacity-crowd-for-australian-grand-prix-as-tickets-sell-out|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/record-crowd-prompts-australian-gp-seating-rethink/10405542/|title=Record F1 crowd prompts Australian GP seating rethink|date=2022-11-28|access-date=2026-06-23|work=Motorsport.com|archive-date=2022-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128084757/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/record-crowd-prompts-australian-gp-seating-rethink/10405542/|url-status=live}}</ref> |layout = Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2021–одоо) |length_km = 5.278 |length_mi = 3.280 |turns = 14 |record_time = 1:19.813 |record_driver = {{flagicon|MON}} [[Шарль Леклер]] |record_car = [[Ferrari SF-24]] |record_year = [[2024 оны Австралийн гран-при|2024]] |record_class = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] |layout2 = Гран-пригийн тойруулга (1996–2020)<!-- Please do not change this to 2019; this configuration was used for some support categories during the 2020 Australian GP meeting --> |length2_km = 5.303 |length2_mi = 3.296 |turns2 = 16 |record_time2 = 1:24.125 <!-- lap records are set during races only. qualifying laps do not count. Therefore, times set by Sebastian Vettel in 2011 and Lewis Hamilton in 2016, 2017, and 2019 should not be listed.--> |record_driver2 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[Михаэль Шумахер]] |record_car2 = [[Ferrari F2004]] |record_year2 = [[2004 оны Австралийн гран-при|2004]] |record_class2 = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] |layout3 = Анхны тойруулга (1953–1958) |length3_km = 5.027 |length3_mi = 3.124 |turns3 = 9 |record_time3 = 1:50.0 |record_driver3 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Стирлинг Мосс]] |record_car3 = [[Cooper T45]] |record_year3 = [[1958 оны Мельбурны гран-при|1958]] |record_class3 = [[Формула Либр]] |track_map={{maplink|from=Melbourne_F1_Track.map|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-lat=-37.8459|frame-long=144.9698|zoom=13}}<!-- Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Melbourne_F1_Track.map -->|track_map_caption=Интерактив замын газрын зураг|surface=[[Асфальт бетон|Асфальт]]|surface2=[[Асфальт бетон|Асфальт]]}} }} '''Альберт паркийн авто тойруулга''' нь [[Австрали]]йн [[Мельбурн]] хотод орших хагас-байнгын уралдааны зам юм. == Зургийн цомог == <gallery widths="200"> Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit pit building.jpg|Үйлчилгээний гудамж Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit, March 22, 2018 SkySat (cropped).jpg|Сансраас авсан зураг </gallery> == Статистик == === Мельбурнд болсон Формула 1-д түрүүлсэн бүх нисгэгчид === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align: center;" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" !class="unsortable"|Д/д!!Он!!Жолооч!!Зохион бүтээгч!!Хөдөлгүүр!!Дугуй!!Хугацаа!!Замын урт!!Тойрог!!Ø-хурд!!Огноо!!class="unsortable"|Их шан |- |align="right" | 1 |[[1996 оны Формула-1|1996]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Дэмон Хилл}} |align="left" | [[Уильямс Ф1|Уильямс]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Гүүдиэр}} |1:32:50,491 цаг |align="right" | 5,302 км |58 |198,736 км/ц |3 сарын 10 |rowspan=24 | {{AUS|Австралийн гран-при}} |- |align="right" | 2 |[[1997 оны Формула-1|1997]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Дэвид Култхард}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Гүүдиэр}} |1:30:28,718 цаг |align="right" | 5,302 км |58 |203,926 км/ц |3 сарын 9 |- |align="right" | 3 |[[1998 оны Формула-1|1998]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Мика Хаккинен}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:31:45,996 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |201,102 км/ц |3 сарын 8 |- |align="right" | 4 |[[1999 оны Формула-1|1999]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Эдди Ирвайн}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:35:01,659 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |190,852 км/ц |3 сарын 7 |- |align="right" | 5 |[[2000 оны Формула-1|2000]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:34:01,987 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |196,255 км/ц |3 сарын 12 |- |align="right" | 6 |[[2001 оны Формула-1|2001]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:38:26,533 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |187,465 км/ц |3 сарын 4 |- |align="right" | 7 |[[2002 оны Формула-1|2002]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:35:36,792 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |193,011 км/ц |3 сарын 3 |- |align="right" | 8 |[[2003 оны Формула-1|2003]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Дэвид Култхард}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Мишелин}} |1:34:42,124 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |194,868 км/ц |3 сарын 9 |- |align="right" | 9 |[[2004 оны Формула-1|2004]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:24:15,757 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |219,011 км/ц |3 сарын 7 |- |align="right" | 10 |[[2005 оны Формула-1|2005]] |align="left" | {{ITA|Ziel=Жанкарло Физикелла}} |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Мишелин}} |1:24:17,336 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |215,168 км/ц |3 сарын 6 |- |align="right" | 11 |[[2006 оны Формула-1|2006]] |align="left" | {{ESP|Ziel=Фернандо Алонсо}} |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Мишелин}} |1:34:27,870 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |191,990 км/ц |4 сарын 2 |- |align="right" | 12 |[[2007 оны Формула-1|2007]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Кими Райкконен}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:25:28,770 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |215,893 км/ц |3 сарын 18 |- |align="right" | 13 |[[2008 оны Формула-1|2008]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Льюис Хамилтон}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:34:50,616 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |194,578 км/ц |3 сарын 16 |- |align="right" | 14 |[[2009 оны Формула-1|2009]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Женсон Баттон}} |align="left" | [[Браун ГП|Браун]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:34:15,784 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |195,776 км/ц |3 сарын 29 |- |align="right" | 15 |[[2010 оны Формула-1|2010]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Женсон Баттон}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:33:36,531 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |197,144 км/ц |3 сарын 28 |- |align="right" | 16 |[[2011 оны Формула-1|2011]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Себастиан Феттел}} |align="left" | [[Ред Булл Расинг|Ред Булл]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:29:30,259 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |206,184 км/ц |3 сарын 27 |- |align="right" | 17 |[[2012 оны Формула-1|2012]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Женсон Баттон}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:34:09,565 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |195,991 км/ц |3 сарын 18 |- |align="right" | 18 |[[2013 оны Формула-1|2013]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Кими Райкконен}} |align="left" | [[Лотус Ф1|Лотус]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:30:03,225 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |204,926 км/ц |3 сарын 17 |- |align="right" | 19 |[[2014 оны Формула-1|2014]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Нико Розберг}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:32:58,710 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |195,059 км/ц |3 сарын 16 |- |align="right" | 20 |[[2015 оны Формула-1|2015]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Льюис Хамилтон}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:31:54,067 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |200,808 км/ц |3 сарын 15 |- |align="right" | 21 |[[2016 оны Австралийн гран-при|2016]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Нико Розберг}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:48:15,565 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |167,526 км/ц |3 сарын 20 |- |align="right" | 22 |[[2017 оны Австралийн гран-при|2017]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Себастиан Феттел}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:24:11,672 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |215,409 км/ц |3 сарын 26 |- |align="right" | 23 |[[2018 оны Австралийн гран-при|2018]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Себастиан Феттел}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:29:33,283 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |206,069 км/ц |3 сарын 25 |- |align="right" | 24 |[[2019 оны Австралийн гран-при|2019]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Валттери Боттас}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:25:27,325 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |215,954 км/ц |3 сарын 17 |} <small>'''Рекорд тогтоогч'''<br />Жолооч: [[Михаэль Шумахер]] (4)&nbsp;• Жолоочийн улс: [[Герман]]/[[Их Британи]] (9)&nbsp;• Зохион бүтээгч: [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] (8)&nbsp;• Хөдөлгүүр үйлдвэрлэгч: [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] (11)&nbsp;• Дугуй үйлдвэрлэгч: [[Бриджстоун]] (10)</small> == Цахим холбоос == * [http://www.grandprix.com.au/ Албан ёсны цахим хуудас] [[Ангилал:Австралийн уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Хотын авто тойруулга]] [[Ангилал:Формула-1 уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Мельбурны спортын байгууламж]] ip6ydx03d8x8k5al0adjcmsvwz9d1jz 859884 859883 2026-06-23T12:30:57Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Австралийн Мельбурн хотын моторт спортын уралдааны зам}} {{Инфобокс уралдааны зам |name = Альберт паркийн авто тойруулга |location = [[Альберт парк, Викториа|Альберт парк]], [[Мельбурн]], Викториа, Австрали |coordinates = {{Coord|37|50|59|S|144|58|6|E|type:landmark_region:AU-VIC|display=it}} |image = Albert Park Circuit 2021.svg |image_size = 250px |image_caption = Альберт паркийн авто тойруулга (2021–одоо) |fia_grade = 1 |opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1953|11|20}}<br>Дахин нээгдсэн: {{Start date and age|df=yes|1996|03|07}} |closed = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1958|11|30}} |events = '''Одоогийн:'''<br />'''[[Формула Нэг]]'''<br />''[[Австралийн гран-при]]'' (1996–2019, 2022–одоо)<br />'''Хуучин:'''<br />[[Австралийн жолоочдын АШТ]] (1957–1958) |capacity = ~125,000 (44,000 суудал)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.highwayf1.com/news/2022/2/26/capacity-crowd-for-australian-grand-prix-as-tickets-sell-out|title=Capacity crowd for Australian Grand Prix as ticket sell out|date=2022-04-03|work=Highway F1|author=Эндрю Рикарт|quote=Capacity for the venue is between 120,000 - 130,000, with organisers now expecting a crowd in excess of 100,000 on Saturday as well for Formula One qualifying.|access-date=2026-06-23|archive-date=2022-02-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226071846/https://www.highwayf1.com/news/2022/2/26/capacity-crowd-for-australian-grand-prix-as-tickets-sell-out|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/record-crowd-prompts-australian-gp-seating-rethink/10405542/|title=Record F1 crowd prompts Australian GP seating rethink|date=2022-11-28|access-date=2026-06-23|work=Motorsport.com|archive-date=2022-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128084757/https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/record-crowd-prompts-australian-gp-seating-rethink/10405542/|url-status=live}}</ref> |layout = Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2021–одоо) |length_km = 5.278 |length_mi = 3.280 |turns = 14 |record_time = 1:19.813 |record_driver = {{flagicon|MON}} [[Шарль Леклер]] |record_car = [[Ferrari SF-24]] |record_year = [[2024 оны Австралийн гран-при|2024]] |record_class = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] |layout2 = Гран-пригийн тойруулга (1996–2020)<!-- Please do not change this to 2019; this configuration was used for some support categories during the 2020 Australian GP meeting --> |length2_km = 5.303 |length2_mi = 3.296 |turns2 = 16 |record_time2 = 1:24.125 <!-- lap records are set during races only. qualifying laps do not count. Therefore, times set by Sebastian Vettel in 2011 and Lewis Hamilton in 2016, 2017, and 2019 should not be listed.--> |record_driver2 = {{flagicon|GER}} [[Михаэль Шумахер]] |record_car2 = [[Ferrari F2004]] |record_year2 = [[2004 оны Австралийн гран-при|2004]] |record_class2 = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] |layout3 = Анхны тойруулга (1953–1958) |length3_km = 5.027 |length3_mi = 3.124 |turns3 = 9 |record_time3 = 1:50.0 |record_driver3 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Стирлинг Мосс]] |record_car3 = [[Cooper T45]] |record_year3 = [[1958 оны Мельбурны гран-при|1958]] |record_class3 = [[Формула Либр]] |track_map={{maplink|from=Melbourne_F1_Track.map|frame=y|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-lat=-37.8459|frame-long=144.9698|zoom=13}}<!-- Link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Melbourne_F1_Track.map -->|track_map_caption=Интерактив замын газрын зураг|surface=[[Асфальт бетон|Асфальт]]|surface2=[[Асфальт бетон|Асфальт]]}} '''Альберт паркийн авто тойруулга''' нь [[Австрали]]йн [[Мельбурн]] хотод орших хагас-байнгын уралдааны зам юм. == Зургийн цомог == <gallery widths="200"> Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit pit building.jpg|Үйлчилгээний гудамж Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit, March 22, 2018 SkySat (cropped).jpg|Сансраас авсан зураг </gallery> == Статистик == === Мельбурнд болсон Формула 1-д түрүүлсэн бүх нисгэгчид === {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%; text-align: center;" |- class="hintergrundfarbe5" !class="unsortable"|Д/д!!Он!!Жолооч!!Зохион бүтээгч!!Хөдөлгүүр!!Дугуй!!Хугацаа!!Замын урт!!Тойрог!!Ø-хурд!!Огноо!!class="unsortable"|Их шан |- |align="right" | 1 |[[1996 оны Формула-1|1996]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Дэмон Хилл}} |align="left" | [[Уильямс Ф1|Уильямс]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Гүүдиэр}} |1:32:50,491 цаг |align="right" | 5,302 км |58 |198,736 км/ц |3 сарын 10 |rowspan=24 | {{AUS|Австралийн гран-при}} |- |align="right" | 2 |[[1997 оны Формула-1|1997]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Дэвид Култхард}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Гүүдиэр}} |1:30:28,718 цаг |align="right" | 5,302 км |58 |203,926 км/ц |3 сарын 9 |- |align="right" | 3 |[[1998 оны Формула-1|1998]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Мика Хаккинен}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:31:45,996 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |201,102 км/ц |3 сарын 8 |- |align="right" | 4 |[[1999 оны Формула-1|1999]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Эдди Ирвайн}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:35:01,659 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |190,852 км/ц |3 сарын 7 |- |align="right" | 5 |[[2000 оны Формула-1|2000]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:34:01,987 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |196,255 км/ц |3 сарын 12 |- |align="right" | 6 |[[2001 оны Формула-1|2001]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:38:26,533 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |187,465 км/ц |3 сарын 4 |- |align="right" | 7 |[[2002 оны Формула-1|2002]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:35:36,792 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |193,011 км/ц |3 сарын 3 |- |align="right" | 8 |[[2003 оны Формула-1|2003]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Дэвид Култхард}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Мишелин}} |1:34:42,124 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |194,868 км/ц |3 сарын 9 |- |align="right" | 9 |[[2004 оны Формула-1|2004]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Михаэль Шумахер}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:24:15,757 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |219,011 км/ц |3 сарын 7 |- |align="right" | 10 |[[2005 оны Формула-1|2005]] |align="left" | {{ITA|Ziel=Жанкарло Физикелла}} |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Мишелин}} |1:24:17,336 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |215,168 км/ц |3 сарын 6 |- |align="right" | 11 |[[2006 оны Формула-1|2006]] |align="left" | {{ESP|Ziel=Фернандо Алонсо}} |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Мишелин}} |1:34:27,870 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |191,990 км/ц |4 сарын 2 |- |align="right" | 12 |[[2007 оны Формула-1|2007]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Кими Райкконен}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:25:28,770 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |215,893 км/ц |3 сарын 18 |- |align="right" | 13 |[[2008 оны Формула-1|2008]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Льюис Хамилтон}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:34:50,616 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |194,578 км/ц |3 сарын 16 |- |align="right" | 14 |[[2009 оны Формула-1|2009]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Женсон Баттон}} |align="left" | [[Браун ГП|Браун]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:34:15,784 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |195,776 км/ц |3 сарын 29 |- |align="right" | 15 |[[2010 оны Формула-1|2010]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Женсон Баттон}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Бриджстоун}} |1:33:36,531 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |197,144 км/ц |3 сарын 28 |- |align="right" | 16 |[[2011 оны Формула-1|2011]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Себастиан Феттел}} |align="left" | [[Ред Булл Расинг|Ред Булл]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:29:30,259 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |206,184 км/ц |3 сарын 27 |- |align="right" | 17 |[[2012 оны Формула-1|2012]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Женсон Баттон}} |align="left" | [[МкЛарен Расинг|МкЛарен]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:34:09,565 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |195,991 км/ц |3 сарын 18 |- |align="right" | 18 |[[2013 оны Формула-1|2013]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Кими Райкконен}} |align="left" | [[Лотус Ф1|Лотус]] |align="left" | [[Рено Ф1 Теам|Рено]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:30:03,225 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |204,926 км/ц |3 сарын 17 |- |align="right" | 19 |[[2014 оны Формула-1|2014]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Нико Розберг}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:32:58,710 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |195,059 км/ц |3 сарын 16 |- |align="right" | 20 |[[2015 оны Формула-1|2015]] |align="left" | {{GBR|Ziel=Льюис Хамилтон}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:31:54,067 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |200,808 км/ц |3 сарын 15 |- |align="right" | 21 |[[2016 оны Австралийн гран-при|2016]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Нико Розберг}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:48:15,565 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |167,526 км/ц |3 сарын 20 |- |align="right" | 22 |[[2017 оны Австралийн гран-при|2017]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Себастиан Феттел}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:24:11,672 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |57 |215,409 км/ц |3 сарын 26 |- |align="right" | 23 |[[2018 оны Австралийн гран-при|2018]] |align="left" | {{DEU|Ziel=Себастиан Феттел}} |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |align="left" | [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:29:33,283 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |206,069 км/ц |3 сарын 25 |- |align="right" | 24 |[[2019 оны Австралийн гран-при|2019]] |align="left" | {{FIN|Ziel=Валттери Боттас}} |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ Ф1 баг|Мерседес]] |align="left" | [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] |{{Пирелли}} |1:25:27,325 цаг |align="right" | 5,303 км |58 |215,954 км/ц |3 сарын 17 |} <small>'''Рекорд тогтоогч'''<br />Жолооч: [[Михаэль Шумахер]] (4)&nbsp;• Жолоочийн улс: [[Герман]]/[[Их Британи]] (9)&nbsp;• Зохион бүтээгч: [[Скудериа Феррари|Феррари]] (8)&nbsp;• Хөдөлгүүр үйлдвэрлэгч: [[Мерседес АМГ өндөр чадлын хөдөлгүүр|Мерседес]] (11)&nbsp;• Дугуй үйлдвэрлэгч: [[Бриджстоун]] (10)</small> == Цахим холбоос == * [http://www.grandprix.com.au/ Албан ёсны цахим хуудас] [[Ангилал:Австралийн уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Хотын авто тойруулга]] [[Ангилал:Формула-1 уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Мельбурны спортын байгууламж]] 4tvco8hqo6r4optl0fycq05rcgoqygj 10 85837 859888 576414 2026-06-23T12:55:21Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859888 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{short description|{{{short description|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |city = City in |town = Town in |suburb = {{#invoke:Plain text|main|Suburb {{#if:{{{city|}}}|of {{{city|}}},|{{#if:{{{lga|}}}|of {{{lga|}}},|in}}}}}} |lga = Local government area in |region = Region in |cadastral = Cadastral division in |Place in }} {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = South Australia |vic = Victoria, Australia |nsw = New South Wales, Australia |qld = Queensland, Australia |nt = the Northern Territory, Australia |wa = Western Australia |tas = Tasmania, Australia |act = Australian Capital Territory |jbt = the Jervis Bay Territory, Australia |ni = Norfolk Island, Australia |au = Australia |Australia }}}}}|noreplace}}}}}}{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Infobox settlement | template_name = Infobox Australian place | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[List of cities in Australia|City]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Australia]] | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of Australia|State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[South Australia]] |vic = [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] |nsw = [[New South Wales]] |qld = [[Queensland]] |nt = [[Northern Territory]] |wa = [[Western Australia]] |tas = [[Tasmania]] |act = [[Australian Capital Territory]] |jbt = [[Jervis Bay Territory]] |ni = [[Norfolk Island]] |au = Australia |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = City | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | District |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Local government areas of South Australia |vic = Local government areas of Victoria |nsw = Local government areas of New South Wales |qld = Local government areas of Queensland |nt = Local government areas of the Northern Territory |wa = Local government areas of Western Australia |tas = Local government areas of Tasmania |Local government in Australia }}|LGA]]{{pluralize from text|{{csv|{{{lga|}}}|{{{lga2|}}}|{{{lga3|}}}|{{{lga4|}}}|{{{lga5|}}}}}|plural=s}} }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Location | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location1}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location2}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location3}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location4}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location5}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Established | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Abolished | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Council seat | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Mayor}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Electorates of the Australian states and territories|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Territory|State}}&nbsp;electorate]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives|Federal&nbsp;division]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Population}} | demographics1_title1 = Total{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|s}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Density | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/km²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|County]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Mean max temp | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Mean min temp | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Annual rainfall | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> c1jw3olyvyls6i88xk31scoifrxtlpe 859889 859888 2026-06-23T12:59:05Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859889 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{short description|{{{short description|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |city = City in |town = Town in |suburb = {{#invoke:Plain text|main|Suburb {{#if:{{{city|}}}|of {{{city|}}},|{{#if:{{{lga|}}}|of {{{lga|}}},|in}}}}}} |lga = Local government area in |region = Region in |cadastral = Cadastral division in |Place in }} {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = South Australia |vic = Victoria, Australia |nsw = New South Wales, Australia |qld = Queensland, Australia |nt = the Northern Territory, Australia |wa = Western Australia |tas = Tasmania, Australia |act = Australian Capital Territory |jbt = the Jervis Bay Territory, Australia |ni = Norfolk Island, Australia |au = Australia |Australia }}}}}|noreplace}}}}}}{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[List of cities in Australia|City]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Australia]] | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of Australia|State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[South Australia]] |vic = [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] |nsw = [[New South Wales]] |qld = [[Queensland]] |nt = [[Northern Territory]] |wa = [[Western Australia]] |tas = [[Tasmania]] |act = [[Australian Capital Territory]] |jbt = [[Jervis Bay Territory]] |ni = [[Norfolk Island]] |au = Australia |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = City | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | District |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Local government areas of South Australia |vic = Local government areas of Victoria |nsw = Local government areas of New South Wales |qld = Local government areas of Queensland |nt = Local government areas of the Northern Territory |wa = Local government areas of Western Australia |tas = Local government areas of Tasmania |Local government in Australia }}|LGA]]{{pluralize from text|{{csv|{{{lga|}}}|{{{lga2|}}}|{{{lga3|}}}|{{{lga4|}}}|{{{lga5|}}}}}|plural=s}} }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Location | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location1}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location2}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location3}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location4}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location5}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Established | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Abolished | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Council seat | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Mayor}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Electorates of the Australian states and territories|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Territory|State}}&nbsp;electorate]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives|Federal&nbsp;division]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Population}} | demographics1_title1 = Total{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|s}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Density | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/km²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|County]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Mean max temp | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Mean min temp | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Annual rainfall | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 7z1iqikr8odhpoufbgzch2levbsn8dp 859901 859889 2026-06-23T17:28:54Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859901 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{short description|{{{short description|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |city = City in |town = Town in |suburb = {{#invoke:Plain text|main|Suburb {{#if:{{{city|}}}|of {{{city|}}},|{{#if:{{{lga|}}}|of {{{lga|}}},|in}}}}}} |lga = Local government area in |region = Region in |cadastral = Cadastral division in |Place in }} {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = South Australia |vic = Victoria, Australia |nsw = New South Wales, Australia |qld = Queensland, Australia |nt = the Northern Territory, Australia |wa = Western Australia |tas = Tasmania, Australia |act = Australian Capital Territory |jbt = the Jervis Bay Territory, Australia |ni = Norfolk Island, Australia |au = Australia |Australia }}}}}|noreplace}}}}}}{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = [[Australia]] | subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of Australia|State]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[South Australia]] |vic = [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]] |nsw = [[New South Wales]] |qld = [[Queensland]] |nt = [[Northern Territory]] |wa = [[Western Australia]] |tas = [[Tasmania]] |act = [[Australian Capital Territory]] |jbt = [[Jervis Bay Territory]] |ni = [[Norfolk Island]] |au = Australia |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = City | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | District |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Local government areas of South Australia |vic = Local government areas of Victoria |nsw = Local government areas of New South Wales |qld = Local government areas of Queensland |nt = Local government areas of the Northern Territory |wa = Local government areas of Western Australia |tas = Local government areas of Tasmania |Local government in Australia }}|LGA]]{{pluralize from text|{{csv|{{{lga|}}}|{{{lga2|}}}|{{{lga3|}}}|{{{lga4|}}}|{{{lga5|}}}}}|plural=s}} }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Location | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location1}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location2}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location3}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location4}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location5}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Established | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Abolished | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Council seat | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Mayor}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Electorates of the Australian states and territories|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Territory|State}}&nbsp;electorate]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives|Federal&nbsp;division]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Population}} | demographics1_title1 = Total{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|s}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Density | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/km²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|County]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Mean max temp | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Mean min temp | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Annual rainfall | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> kgexdht1tkqu2gkolsquifiy9nrs2ed 859924 859901 2026-06-23T17:44:15Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859924 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{short description|{{{short description|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |city = City in |town = Town in |suburb = {{#invoke:Plain text|main|Suburb {{#if:{{{city|}}}|of {{{city|}}},|{{#if:{{{lga|}}}|of {{{lga|}}},|in}}}}}} |lga = Local government area in |region = Region in |cadastral = Cadastral division in |Place in }} {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = South Australia |vic = Victoria, Australia |nsw = New South Wales, Australia |qld = Queensland, Australia |nt = the Northern Territory, Australia |wa = Western Australia |tas = Tasmania, Australia |act = Australian Capital Territory |jbt = the Jervis Bay Territory, Australia |ni = Norfolk Island, Australia |au = Australia |Australia }}}}}|noreplace}}}}}}{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = City | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | District |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Local government areas of South Australia |vic = Local government areas of Victoria |nsw = Local government areas of New South Wales |qld = Local government areas of Queensland |nt = Local government areas of the Northern Territory |wa = Local government areas of Western Australia |tas = Local government areas of Tasmania |Local government in Australia }}|LGA]]{{pluralize from text|{{csv|{{{lga|}}}|{{{lga2|}}}|{{{lga3|}}}|{{{lga4|}}}|{{{lga5|}}}}}|plural=s}} }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Location | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location1}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location2}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location3}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location4}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location5}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Established | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Abolished | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Council seat | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Mayor}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Electorates of the Australian states and territories|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Territory|State}}&nbsp;electorate]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives|Federal&nbsp;division]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Population}} | demographics1_title1 = Total{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|s}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Density | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/km²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|County]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Mean max temp | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Mean min temp | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Annual rainfall | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 6r6lqrm7pm3suzlg26msz1tixnixblg 859925 859924 2026-06-23T18:12:27Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859925 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location2}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location3}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location4}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} of|from}} {{auto link|{{{location5}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Established | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Abolished | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Council seat | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Mayor}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Electorates of the Australian states and territories|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Territory|State}}&nbsp;electorate]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives|Federal&nbsp;division]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Population}} | demographics1_title1 = Total{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|s}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Density | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/km²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|County]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Mean max temp | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Mean min temp | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Annual rainfall | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> k61zepkh2cw2t2e805f14rx9t4eketx 859926 859925 2026-06-23T18:14:46Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859926 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Council seat | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Mayor}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Electorates of the Australian states and territories|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Territory|State}}&nbsp;electorate]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Electorates of the Australian House of Representatives|Federal&nbsp;division]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|s}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Population}} | demographics1_title1 = Total{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|s}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Density | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/km²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|County]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Mean max temp | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Mean min temp | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Annual rainfall | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> ort14owlu9riuhegvqystlauwt6pf9i 859927 859926 2026-06-23T18:40:45Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859927 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Зөвлөлийн суудал | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Хотын дарга}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Мужийн}}&nbsp;сонгуулийн тойрог]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|Холбооны&nbsp;хуваалт]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Хүн ам}} | demographics1_title1 = Нийт{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Нягтаршил | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/км²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Австралийн газрын засаг захиргааны нэгж|Тойрог]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Дундаж макс. хэм | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Дундаж мин. хэм | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Жилийн хур тунадас | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> 62pr9uec7aifsmah7pr2gjid4ciq9it 859928 859927 2026-06-23T18:42:24Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859928 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Зөвлөлийн суудал | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Хотын дарга}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Мужийн}}&nbsp;сонгуулийн тойрог]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|Холбооны&nbsp;хуваалт]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Хүн ам}} | demographics1_title1 = Нийт{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Нягтаршил | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/км²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Австралийн газрын засаг захиргааны нэгж|Тойрог]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Дунд. макс. хэм | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Дунд. мин. хэм | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Хур тунадас | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> n6acn8ggyo4p0facju3xlslhkun0ux2 859929 859928 2026-06-23T18:42:45Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859929 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Зөвлөлийн суудал | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Хотын дарга}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Мужийн}}&nbsp;тойрог]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|Холбооны&nbsp;хуваалт]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Хүн ам}} | demographics1_title1 = Нийт{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Нягтаршил | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/км²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Австралийн газрын засаг захиргааны нэгж|Тойрог]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Дунд. макс. хэм | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Дунд. мин. хэм | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Хур тунадас | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> nvhnuxbvobnnw7a18m8c1ic3czd36bi 859930 859929 2026-06-23T18:43:13Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859930 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Зөвлөлийн суудал | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Хотын дарга}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Мужийн}}&nbsp;тойрог]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|Холбооны]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Хүн ам}} | demographics1_title1 = Нийт{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Нягтаршил | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/км²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/sq&nbsp;mi){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Австралийн газрын засаг захиргааны нэгж|Тойрог]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Дунд. макс. хэм | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Дунд. мин. хэм | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Хур тунадас | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> fnya9cei63gw1g5smjp0x049fcb7at2 859931 859930 2026-06-23T18:45:27Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859931 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Зөвлөлийн суудал | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Хотын дарга}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Мужийн}}&nbsp;тойрог]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|Холбооны]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Хүн ам}} | demographics1_title1 = Нийт{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Нягтаршил | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/км²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/миль²){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Postcodes in Australia|Postcode{{pluralize from text|{{if empty|{{{postcode|}}}|{{{postal_code|}}}}}|plural=s}}]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Time in Australia <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Австралийн газрын засаг захиргааны нэгж|Тойрог]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Дунд. макс. хэм | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Дунд. мин. хэм | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Хур тунадас | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> r5f1mmbexrdcjaj2pqzi796dg64jwxc 859939 859931 2026-06-23T21:42:34Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859939 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Зөвлөлийн суудал | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Хотын дарга}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Мужийн}}&nbsp;тойрог]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|Холбооны]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Хүн ам}} | demographics1_title1 = Нийт{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Нягтаршил | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/км²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/миль²){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код|Шуудангийн код]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Австрали дахь цаг <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Австралийн газрын засаг захиргааны нэгж|Тойрог]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Дунд. макс. хэм | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Дунд. мин. хэм | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Хур тунадас | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Infobox Australian place/table | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> kjq23v5pqj3md85duisgea6wxjzxhhy 859943 859939 2026-06-23T21:50:48Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859943 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Инфобокс_Австралийн_суурин/styles.css"/><includeonly>{{#invoke:Template wrapper|wrap|_template=Инфобокс суурин | template_name = Инфобокс Австралийн суурин | _alias-map = coord_ref:coordinates_footnotes, image:image_skyline, alt:image_alt, caption:image_caption, logo:image_blank_emblem, logo_alt:blank_emblem_alt, area:area_total_km2, elevation:elevation_m, timezone:timezone1, utc:utc_offset1, timezone-dst:timezone1_DST, utc-dst:utc_offset1_DST, zoom:mapframe-zoom, local_map_id:mapframe-id, local_map_caption:mapframe-caption, postcode:postal_code | _reuse = native_name, subdivision_type, subdivision_name, subdivision_type1, subdivision_name1, subdivision_type2, subdivision_name2, subdivision_type3, subdivision_name3, subdivision_type4, subdivision_name4, subdivision_type5, subdivision_name5, subdivision_type6, subdivision_name6, established_title, established_date, extinct_title, extinct_date, postal_code_type, seat_type, timezone_link, leader_title, leader_name, leader_title2, leader_name2, leader_title3, leader_name3, settlement_type, population_total, population_as_of, population_footnotes, population_est, pop_est_as_of, pop_est_footnotes, blank_name_sec1, blank_info_sec1, blank1_name_sec1, blank1_info_sec1, blank2_name_sec1, blank2_info_sec1, blank3_name_sec1, blank3_info_sec1, blank4_name_sec1, blank4_info_sec1, blank5_name_sec1, blank5_info_sec1, blank_name_sec2, blank_info_sec2, blank1_name_sec2, blank1_info_sec2, blank2_name_sec2, blank2_info_sec2, image_map, coordinates, mapframe, mapframe-shape, mapframe-marker, image_upright | _exclude = type, state, region, city, county, parish, established, est, established_footnotes, abolished, timezone, utc, timezone-dst, utc-dst, mayortitle, mayor, logo, pop, poprank, pop_year, pop_footnotes, pop2, pop2_year, pop2_footnotes, density, density_footnotes, lga, lga2, lga3, lga4, lga5, stategov, stategov2, stategov3, stategov4, stategov5, fedgov, fedgov2, fedgov3, fedgov4, hundred, former_hundred, division, managing_authorities, gazetted, map_type, alternative_location_map, use_lga_map, force_national_map, pushpin_label_position_a, pushpin_label_position_b, _noautocat, maxtemp, maxtemp_footnotes, mintemp, mintemp_footnotes, rainfall, rainfall_footnotes, dist1, dist2, dist3, dist4, dist5, dir1, dir2, dir3, dir4, dir5, location1, location2, location3, location4, location5, image, image_alt, alt, url, relief, near, near-e, near-n, near-ne, near-nw, near-s, near-se, near-sw, near-w, wikidata, local_map, image2_upright, logo_upright, first_peoples1, first_peoples1_footnotes, first_peoples2, first_peoples2_footnotes <!--NOTE: I might have missed some [[Module:Australian place map]] params above.. --> <!-- native_name --> | native_name = {{if empty|{{{indigenous_name|}}}|{{{first_nations_name|}}}|{{{native_name|}}}}} <!-- IMAGE & LOGO is done via _alias-map above ---------> | image_upright = {{if empty|{{{image_upright|}}}|1.23}} | blank_emblem_upright = {{if empty|{{{logo_upright|}}}|0.8}} <!-- MAPS, note that InfoboxMapframe is autocalled by Infobox settlement ---------> | image_map = {{#invoke:Australian place map|main}} | image_map1 = {{if empty|{{{image_map1|}}}|{{{image_map|}}}}} | mapframe = {{#if:{{{local_map|}}}{{{mapframe|}}}|yes|no}} | mapframe-shape = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-shape|}}}|yes}} | mapframe-marker = {{if empty|{{{mapframe-marker|}}}|none}} <!-- SUBHEADERS ---------> | settlement_type = {{ #switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{type|}}}|error}}}} |city = [[Австралийн хотын жагсаалт|Хот]] |town = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Town]] |suburb = [[Suburbs and localities (Australia)|Suburb]] |lga = [[Local government in Australia|Local government area]] |region = [[List of regions of Australia|Region]] |cadastral = [[Lands administrative divisions of Australia|Cadastral division]] |other = |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}type{{=}}</code>: {{{type}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#type|help]])}} }} <!-- COORDINATES ---------> | coordinates = {{#if:{{{coordinates|}}}|{{#invoke:Coordinates|coordinsert|{{{coordinates}}}|type:{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|landmark|city}}|region:{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}} }} |sa = AU-SA |vic = AU-VIC |nsw = AU-NSW |qld = AU-QLD |nt = AU-NT |wa = AU-WA |tas = AU-TAS |act = AU-ACT |jbt = AU-JBT |ni = NF |#default = AU }}}} }} <!-- SUBDIVISIONS ---------> | subdivision_type = Улс | subdivision_name = [[Австрали]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрүүд|Муж]] | subdivision_name1 = {{#if:{{{state|}}}|{{#switch: {{lc:{{if empty|{{{state|}}}|error}} }} |sa = [[Өмнөд Австрали]] |vic = [[Викториа (Австрали)|Викториа]] |nsw = [[Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] |qld = [[Квийнслэнд]] |nt = [[Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |wa = [[Баруун Австрали]] |tas = [[Тасмани]] |act = [[Австралийн Нийслэлийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |jbt = [[Жервис Булангийн Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] |ni = [[Норфолк Арал]] |au = Австрали |error = {{error|Error: <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code> not defined ([[Загвар:Инфобокс Австралийн суурин#муж|тусламж]])}} |{{error|Error: unknown <code>{{!}}state{{=}}</code>: {{{state}}} ([[Template:Infobox Australian place#state|help]])}} <!--Tracking category: --> {{main other|[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}} }} }} | subdivision_type2 = [[Австралийн бүс нутгийн жагсаалт|Бүс нутаг]] | subdivision_name2 = {{#if:{{{region|}}}|{{auto link|{{{region}}}}} }} | subdivision_type3 = Хот | subdivision_name3 = {{#if:{{{city|}}}|{{auto link|{{{city}}}}} }} | subdivision_type4 = {{#ifeq: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}}| act | Тойрог |[[{{#switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = Өмнөд Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |vic = Викториагийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nsw = Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльсийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |qld = Квийнслэндийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |nt = Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэрийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |wa = Баруун Австралийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |tas = Тасманийн орон нутгийн захиргааны бүсүүд |Австралийн орон нутгийн засаг захиргаа }}|ОНЗЗ]] }} | subdivision_name4 = {{ubl| |{{autolink|{{{lga|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga2|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga3|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga4|}}}}} |{{autolink|{{{lga5|}}}}} }} | subdivision_type5 = First People{{if both|{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{{first_peoples2|}}}|s}} | subdivision_name5 = {{#if:{{{first_peoples1|}}}|{{plainlist| *{{{first_peoples1|}}}{{{first_peoples1_footnotes|}}} *{{#if:{{{first_peoples2|}}}| {{{first_peoples2|}}}{{{first_peoples2_footnotes|}}}}} }}}} | subdivision_type6 = Байршил | subdivision_name6 = {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|<ul class="small-bullet-list">}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location1}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir1|}}}|{{{dir1}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist1|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist2|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location2}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir2|}}}|{{{dir2}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist2|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist3|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location3}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir3|}}}|{{{dir3}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist3|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist4|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location4}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir4|}}}|{{{dir4}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist4|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist5|}}}|<li>{{auto link|{{{location5}}}}} хотоос {{#if: {{{dir5|}}}|{{{dir5}}} зүгт|зүгт}} {{cvt|{{{dist5|}}}|km|mi}} зайд}} {{#if:{{{dist1|}}}{{{dist2|}}}{{{dist3|}}}{{{dist4|}}}{{{dist5|}}}{{{dist6|}}}|</ul>}} <!-- DATES ---------> | established_title = Байгуулагдсан | established_date = {{if empty|{{{established|}}}|{{{est|}}}}}{{{established_footnotes|}}} | extinct_title = Татан буугдсан | extinct_date = {{{abolished|}}} <!-- GOVERNMENT ---------> | seat_type = Зөвлөлийн суудал | leader_title = {{if empty|{{{mayortitle|}}}|Хотын дарга}} | leader_name = {{{mayor|}}} | leader_title2 = [[Австралийн муж ба нутаг дэвсгэрийн сонгуулийн тойргууд|{{#switch:{{lc:{{{state}}}}}|act|nt|jbt= Нутаг дэвсгэрийн|Мужийн}}&nbsp;тойрог]]{{#if:{{{stategov2|}}}|}} | leader_name2 = {{ubl|{{{stategov|}}}|{{{stategov2|}}}|{{{stategov3|}}}|{{{stategov4|}}}|{{{stategov5|}}}}} | leader_title3 = [[Австралийн төлөөлөгчдийн танхимын сонгуулийн тойргууд|Холбооны]]{{#if:{{{fedgov2|}}}|}} | leader_name3 = {{ubl|{{{fedgov|}}}|{{{fedgov2|}}}|{{{fedgov3|}}}|{{{fedgov4|}}}}} <!-- GEOGRAPHIC INFO all done via _alias-map above ---------> <!-- POPULATION ---------> | demographics_type1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}{{{pop2|}}}{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}|Хүн ам}} | demographics1_title1 = Нийт{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|}} | demographics1_info1 = {{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop_year|}}})}}{{{pop_footnotes|}}}|{{#invoke:PopulationFromWikidata | ListForInfobox | type={{{type|}}} | wikidata={{{wikidata|}}} }}}}{{#if: {{{poprank|}}}|&nbsp;([[List of cities in Australia by population|{{{poprank}}}]])}}{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|<br>{{formatnum:{{{pop2|}}}}}{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}|&nbsp;({{{pop2_year|}}})}}{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}}} | demographics1_title2 = Нягтаршил | demographics1_info2 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} |{{formatnum:{{{density}}}}}/км²&nbsp;({{convert|{{{density}}}|/km2|/sqmi|disp=number}}/миль²){{{density_footnotes|}}} |{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{Pop density|{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}|{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}|km2|sqmi}}}}}}{{{density_footnotes|}}} }} <!-- OTHER INFORMATION ---------> | postal_code_type = [[Австрали дахь шуудангийн код|Шуудангийн код]] <!-- TIMEZONE is mostly handled in _alias-map above --> | timezone_link = Австрали дахь цаг <!-- BLANK EXTRAS ---------> | blank_name_sec1 = [[Австралийн газрын засаг захиргааны нэгж|Тойрог]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{#if:{{{county|}}}|{{auto link|{{{county}}}}} }} | blank1_name_sec1 = [[Parish (administrative division)|Parish]] | blank1_info_sec1 = {{{parish|}}} | blank2_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred]] | blank2_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{hundred|}}} }} | blank3_name_sec1 = [[Hundred (county division)|Hundred (former)]] | blank3_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{former_hundred|}}} }} | blank4_name_sec1 = [[Lands administrative divisions of New South Wales|Division]] | blank4_info_sec1 = {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|cadastral|{{{division|}}} }} | blank5_name_sec1 = [[Gazetteer of Australia|Gazetted]] | blank5_info_sec1 = {{{gazetted|}}} <!-- WEATHER INFO -------> | blank_name_sec2 = Дунд. макс. хэм | blank_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{maxtemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{maxtemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{maxtemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank1_name_sec2 = Дунд. мин. хэм | blank1_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{mintemp|}}}|{{cvt|{{{mintemp|}}}|C|F}}{{{mintemp_footnotes|}}}}} | blank2_name_sec2 = Хур тунадас | blank2_info_sec2 = {{#if:{{{rainfall|}}}|{{cvt|{{{rainfall|}}}|mm|in}}{{{rainfall_footnotes|}}}}} <!-- NEARBY PLACES ------> | module = {{#if:{{{near|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-se|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-w|}}}|{{Инфобокс Австралийн суурин/хүснэгт | city = {{{city|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | near = {{{near|}}} | near-e = {{{near-e|}}} | near-n = {{{near-n|}}} | near-ne = {{{near-ne|}}} | near-nw = {{{near-nw|}}} | near-s = {{{near-s|}}} | near-se = {{{near-se|}}} | near-sw = {{{near-sw|}}} | near-w = {{{near-w|}}} | type = {{{type|}}} }}}} <!-- WEBSITE ----------> | website = {{#if:{{{url|}}}|{{#invoke:URL|url|1={{{url|}}}|2={{{name|}}}}} }} }}<!--TRACKING STUFF GOES HERE -->{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox Australian place with conflicting parameters}} | coord_ref; coordinates_footnotes | image; image_skyline | alt; image_alt | caption; image_caption | logo; image_blank_emblem | logo_alt; blank_emblem_alt | area; area_total_km2 | elevation; elevation_m | timezone; timezone1 | utc; utc_offset1 | timezone-dst; timezone1_DST | utc-dst; utc_offset1_DST | zoom; mapframe-zoom | local_map_id; mapframe-id | local_map_caption; mapframe-caption | postcode; postal_code | image_map1; image_map | established; est | postcode; postal_code }}{{#if:{{{_noautocat|}}}|<!-- [[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|N]] -->|{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | town | {{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = [[Category:Towns in South Australia|{{{name}}}]] |vic = [[Category:Towns in Victoria (state)|{{{name}}}]] |nsw = [[Category:Towns in New South Wales|{{{name}}}]] |qld = [[Category:Towns in Queensland|{{{name}}}]] |nt = [[Category:Towns in the Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]] |wa = [[Category:Towns in Western Australia|{{{name}}}]] |tas = [[Category:Towns in Tasmania|{{{name}}}]] |act = [[Category:Towns in the Australian Capital Territory|{{{name}}}]] |ni = [[Category:Populated places in Norfolk Island|{{{name}}}]] }} }}{{#ifeq:{{{type|}}} | suburb | {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of the City of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}|{{{name}}}]]|{{ #switch: {{lc:{{{state|}}}}} |sa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, South Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |vic = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Victoria|{{{name}}}]]}} |nsw = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, New South Wales|{{{name}}}]]}} |qld = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Queensland|{{{name}}}]]}} |nt = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Northern Territory|{{{name}}}]]}} |wa = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Western Australia|{{{name}}}]]}} |tas = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, Tasmania|{{{name}}}]]}} |act = {{#ifexist:Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|[[Category:Suburbs of {{{city}}}, ACT|{{{name}}}]]}} }} }} }} }} {{#if:{{{est|}}}| {{#ifeq:{{{type|}}}|lga|{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}}{{#ifexist:Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}}|[[Category:Populated places established in the {{{est}}} |{{{name}}}]]}} {{#ifexist:Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|[[Category:{{{est}}} establishments in Australia|{{{name}}}]]}}}} }} }} }}<!-- Start tracking -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{1|}}}|♠}}|♠||1}}]]}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{type|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|U]]}}}}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#if:{{{state|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|S]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_year|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population year]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{pop2|}}}|{{#if:{{{pop2_footnotes|}}}||[[Category:Australian place articles with no population footnotes]]}}}}<!-- -->{{#if:{{{density|}}}||{{#if:{{{pop|}}}|{{#if:{{{area|}}}|{{#iferror:{{#expr:{{formatnum:{{{pop|}}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{{area|}}}|R}}}}|[[Category:Australian place articles with density errors]]|}} }} }} }} }}<!-- -->{{main other|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠♠♠||[[Category:Australian place articles using missing parameters|{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{imagesize|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image2size|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{imagesize2|}}}|♠}}{{if empty|{{{image_alt2|}}}|♠}}|♠♠♠♠||I}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{logosize|}}}|♠}}|♠||L}}{{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{official_site|}}}|♠}}|♠||O}}]]}}}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{documentation}} </noinclude> t5z2fn632hp7l8cabf3zwh637u8vxs8 0 86022 859885 672541 2026-06-23T12:39:21Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмират Улсын Абу-Дабийн моторт спортын уралдааны зам}} {{Инфобокс уралдааны зам | name = Яс Марина авто тойруулга | location = [[Яс арал]], Абу-Даби, АНЭУ | coordinates = {{coord|24|28|2|N|54|36|11|E|type:landmark_source:kolossus-nnwiki|display=it}} | image = [[Image:Yas Marina Circuit.png|class=skin-invert|250px]] | image_caption = Яс Марина авто тойруулга (2021–одоо) | fia_grade = {{ubl|1 (GP байгуулалт)|2 (Corkscrew байгуулалт)}} | events = '''Одоогийн:'''<br />'''[[Формула Нэг]]'''<br>''[[Абу-Дабийн гран-при]]'' (2009–одоо)<br />'''[[Азийн Ле Ман цуврал]]'''<br>''[[Абу-Дабийн 4 цаг]]'' (2021–одоо)<br />'''[[24H цуврал Ойрх Дорнод]]'''<br>''[[Абу-Дабийн 6 цаг]]'' (2023–одоо)<br />'''Ирээдүйд:'''<br />'''[[Булангийн 12 цаг]]''' (2013–2019, 2022–2025, 2027) | owner = Абу-Дабийн засгийн газар (2009–одоо) | operator = Абу-Дабийн Моторспортын Менежмент (2009–одоо) | capacity = 60,000 | architect = [[Херман Тильке]] | broke_ground = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2007|05}} | opened = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009|10}} | construction_cost = {{ubl|[[Америк доллар|$]]1.322 тэрбум<ref>{{Cite web |title=Yas Marina Circuit – The Most Expensive Race Track in The World |url=https://www.snaplap.net/yas-marina-circuit-abu-dhabi/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214003435/https://www.snaplap.net/yas-marina-circuit-abu-dhabi/ |website=SnapLap |language=en-US |date=2016-11-24 |archive-date=2021-12-14 |access-date=2026-06-23 |url-status=live}}</ref>|[[Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмират Улсын дирхам|AED]] 4.856 тэрбум}} | layout = Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2021–одоо) | length_km = 5.281 | length_mi = 3.281 | turns = 16 | record_time = 1:25.637 | record_driver = {{flagicon|DEN}} [[Кевин Магнуссен]] | record_car = [[Haas VF-24]] | record_year = [[2024 оны Абу-Дабийн гран-при|2024]] | record_class = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] | layout2 = Corkscrew тойруулга (2021–present) | length2_km = 4.572 | length2_mi = 2.840 | turns2 = 18 | record_time2 = 1:40.480 | record_driver2 = {{flagicon|UAE}} [[Рашид аль-Дахери]] | record_car2 = [[Tatuus#Уралдааны машин|Tatuus T-326]] | record_year2 = [[2026 оны Ойрх Дорнодын бүсийн цом Формула|2026]] | record_class2 = [[Бүс нутгийн Формула|FR]] | layout3 = Хойд тойруулга (2021–одоо) | length3_km = 3.005 | length3_mi = 1.868 | turns3 = 8 | record_time3 = 0:58.183 | record_driver3 = {{flagicon|DEU}} Hailey (TUM) | record_car3 = [[Абу_Дабийн_Автономит_Уралдааны_Лиг#Техникийн_үзүүлэлтүүд|Dallara EAV24]] | record_year3 = [[2025 оны Абу-Дабийн Автономит Уралдааны Лиг|2025]] | record_class3 = [[Абу-Дабийн Автономит Уралдааны Лиг|A2RL]] | layout4 = Гран-пригийн тойруулга (2009–2021) | length4_km = 5.554 | length4_mi = 3.451 | turns4 = 21 | record_time4 = 1:39.283 | record_driver4 = {{flagicon|GBR}} [[Льюис Хамилтон]] | record_car4 = [[Mercedes AMG F1 W10 EQ Power+|Мерседес W10]] | record_year4 = [[2019 оны Абу-Дабийн гран-при|2019]] | record_class4 = [[Формула Нэг|Ф1]] }} '''Яс Марина авто тойруулга''' ({{lang-ar|حلبة مرسى ياس}}; '''Yas Marina Circuit''' заримдаа мөн '''Yas Island Circuit''' гэж бас нэрлэдэг) нь [[Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмират Улс]]ын нийслэл [[Абу-Даби хот]]ын [[Яс-Арал]] дээр 2009 оны аравдугаар сард ашиглалтад авсан байнгын уралдааны зам юм. == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Yas Marina Circuit}} * [http://www.yasmarinacircuit.ae/ Албан ёсны цахим хуудас] [[Ангилал:Формула-1 уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Абу-Дабийн барилга байгууламж]] [[Ангилал:Дрэгстер уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Арабын Нэгдсэн Эмират Улсын уралдааны зам]] [[Ангилал:Абу-Дабийн спорт]] a5ai5s08x0ky0cn958it4964yq6zwmw 828 113460 859956 859835 2026-06-23T22:21:26Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859956 Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2021-03-05 local active = { ["aa"] = {"Афар"}, ["ab"] = {"Абхаз"}, ["ae"] = {"Avestan"}, ["af"] = {"Африкаанс"}, ["ak"] = {"Акан"}, ["am"] = {"Амхар"}, ["an"] = {"Aragonese"}, ["ar"] = {"Араб"}, ["as"] = {"Ассам"}, ["av"] = {"Авар"}, ["ay"] = {"Аймара"}, ["az"] = {"Азербайжан"}, ["ba"] = {"Башкир"}, ["be"] = {"Беларусь"}, ["bg"] = {"Болгар"}, ["bh"] = {"Bihari languages"}, ["bi"] = {"Бислама"}, ["bm"] = {"Бамбара"}, ["bn"] = {"Бенгал", "Бангла"}, ["bo"] = {"Төвөд"}, ["br"] = {"Бретон"}, ["bs"] = {"Босни"}, ["ca"] = {"Каталан", "Валенси"}, ["ce"] = {"Чечень"}, ["ch"] = {"Chamorro"}, ["co"] = {"Корсика"}, ["cr"] = {"Cree"}, ["cs"] = {"Чех"}, ["cu"] = {"Church Slavic", "Church Slavonic", "Old Bulgarian", "Old Church Slavonic", "Old Slavonic"}, ["cv"] = {"Чуваш"}, ["cy"] = {"Уэльс"}, ["da"] = {"Дани"}, ["de"] = {"Герман"}, ["dv"] = {"Дивехи", "Мальдив"}, ["dz"] = {"Зонка"}, ["ee"] = {"Ewe"}, ["el"] = {"Modern Greek (1453-)"}, ["en"] = {"Англи"}, ["eo"] = {"Эсперанто"}, ["es"] = {"Испани", "Кастиль"}, ["et"] = {"Эстони"}, ["eu"] = {"Баск"}, ["fa"] = {"Перс"}, ["ff"] = {"Фула"}, ["fi"] = {"Фин"}, ["fj"] = {"Фижи"}, ["fo"] = {"Фарер"}, ["fr"] = {"Франц"}, ["fy"] = {"Western Frisian"}, ["ga"] = {"Ирланд"}, ["gd"] = {"Шотланд Гел", "Гел"}, ["gl"] = {"Галиси"}, ["gn"] = {"Гуарани"}, ["gu"] = {"Gujarati"}, ["gv"] = {"Manx"}, ["ha"] = {"Хауса"}, ["he"] = {"Еврей"}, ["hi"] = {"Хинди"}, ["ho"] = {"Хири Моту"}, ["hr"] = {"Хорват"}, ["ht"] = {"Хаити", "Хаитийн Креол"}, ["hu"] = {"Унгар"}, ["hy"] = {"Армени"}, ["hz"] = {"Хереро"}, ["ia"] = {"Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)"}, ["id"] = {"Индонез"}, ["ie"] = {"Interlingue", "Occidental"}, ["ig"] = {"Игбо"}, ["ii"] = {"Сычуаны И", "Носу"}, ["ik"] = {"Inupiaq"}, ["io"] = {"Ido"}, ["is"] = {"Исланд"}, ["it"] = {"Итали"}, ["iu"] = {"Inuktitut"}, ["ja"] = {"Япон"}, ["jv"] = {"Javanese"}, ["ka"] = {"Гүрж"}, ["kg"] = {"Конго"}, ["ki"] = {"Kikuyu", "Gikuyu"}, ["kj"] = {"Кваньяма"}, ["kk"] = {"Казах"}, ["kl"] = {"Гренланд"}, ["km"] = {"Кхмер", "Төв Кхмер"}, ["kn"] = {"Каннада"}, ["ko"] = {"Солонгос"}, ["kr"] = {"Kanuri"}, ["ks"] = {"Kashmiri"}, ["ku"] = {"Курд"}, ["kv"] = {"Коми"}, ["kw"] = {"Корн"}, ["ky"] = {"Киргиз"}, ["la"] = {"Латин"}, ["lb"] = {"Люксембург"}, ["lg"] = {"Ганда", "Луганда"}, ["li"] = {"Лимбург"}, ["ln"] = {"Лингала"}, ["lo"] = {"Лаос"}, ["lt"] = {"Литва"}, ["lu"] = {"Luba-Katanga"}, ["lv"] = {"Латви"}, ["mg"] = {"Малагас"}, ["mh"] = {"Маршалл"}, ["mi"] = {"Маори"}, ["mk"] = {"Македон"}, ["ml"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["mn"] = {"Монгол"}, ["mr"] = {"Марати"}, ["ms"] = {"Малай"}, ["mt"] = {"Мальта"}, ["my"] = {"Бирм"}, ["na"] = {"Науру"}, ["nb"] = {"Норвегийн Бүкмол"}, ["nd"] = {"North Ndebele"}, ["ne"] = {"Балба"}, ["ng"] = {"Ndonga"}, ["nl"] = {"Нидерланд", "Flemish"}, ["nn"] = {"Норвегийн Нюнорск"}, ["no"] = {"Норвеги"}, ["nr"] = {"Өмнөд Ндебеле"}, ["nv"] = {"Navajo", "Navaho"}, ["ny"] = {"Ньянжа", "Чева", "Чичева"}, ["oc"] = {"Окситан"}, ["oj"] = {"Ojibwa"}, ["om"] = {"Оромо"}, ["or"] = {"Oriya (macrolanguage)", "Odia (macrolanguage)"}, ["os"] = {"Осети", "Осет"}, ["pa"] = {"Панжаби", "Пунжаби"}, ["pi"] = {"Pali"}, ["pl"] = {"Польш"}, ["ps"] = {"Пуштун", "Паштун"}, ["pt"] = {"Португал"}, ["qu"] = {"Кечуа"}, ["rm"] = {"Руманш"}, ["rn"] = {"Рунди"}, ["ro"] = {"Румын", "Молдав"}, ["ru"] = {"Орос"}, ["rw"] = {"Киняруанда"}, ["sa"] = {"Санскрит"}, ["sc"] = {"Сардини"}, ["sd"] = {"Синди"}, ["se"] = {"Хойд Сами"}, ["sg"] = {"Санго"}, ["sh"] = {"Серби-Хорват"}, ["si"] = {"Синхал"}, ["sk"] = {"Словак"}, ["sl"] = {"Словени"}, ["sm"] = {"Самоа"}, ["sn"] = {"Шона"}, ["so"] = {"Сомали"}, ["sq"] = {"Албани"}, ["sr"] = {"Серби"}, ["ss"] = {"Свати"}, ["st"] = {"Өмнөд Сото"}, ["su"] = {"Sundanese"}, ["sv"] = {"Швед"}, ["sw"] = {"Свахили"}, ["ta"] = {"Тамил"}, ["te"] = {"Телүгү"}, ["tg"] = {"Тажик"}, ["th"] = {"Тай"}, ["ti"] = {"Тигриня"}, ["tk"] = {"Туркмен"}, ["tl"] = {"Тагалог"}, ["tn"] = {"Тсвана"}, ["to"] = {"Tonga (Tonga Islands)"}, ["tr"] = {"Турк"}, ["ts"] = {"Тсонга"}, ["tt"] = {"Татар"}, ["tw"] = {"Twi"}, ["ty"] = {"Tahitian"}, ["ug"] = {"Уйгур"}, ["uk"] = {"Украин"}, ["ur"] = {"Урду"}, ["uz"] = {"Узбек"}, ["ve"] = {"Венда"}, ["vi"] = {"Вьетнам"}, ["vo"] = {"Volapük"}, ["wa"] = {"Walloon"}, ["wo"] = {"Wolof"}, ["xh"] = {"Коса"}, ["yi"] = {"Идиш"}, ["yo"] = {"Ёруба"}, ["za"] = {"Жуан"}, ["zh"] = {"Хятад"}, ["zu"] = {"Зулу"}, ["aaa"] = {"Ghotuo"}, ["aab"] = {"Alumu-Tesu"}, ["aac"] = {"Ari"}, ["aad"] = {"Amal"}, ["aae"] = {"Arbëreshë Albanian"}, ["aaf"] = {"Aranadan"}, ["aag"] = {"Ambrak"}, ["aah"] = {"Abu' Arapesh"}, ["aai"] = {"Arifama-Miniafia"}, ["aak"] = {"Ankave"}, ["aal"] = {"Afade"}, ["aan"] = {"Anambé"}, ["aao"] = {"Algerian Saharan Arabic"}, ["aap"] = {"Pará Arára"}, ["aaq"] = {"Eastern Abnaki"}, ["aas"] = {"Aasáx"}, ["aat"] = {"Arvanitika Albanian"}, ["aau"] = {"Abau"}, ["aav"] = {"Austro-Asiatic languages"}, ["aaw"] = {"Solong"}, ["aax"] = {"Mandobo Atas"}, ["aaz"] = {"Amarasi"}, ["aba"] = {"Abé"}, ["abb"] = {"Bankon"}, ["abc"] = {"Ambala Ayta"}, ["abd"] = {"Manide"}, ["abe"] = {"Western Abnaki"}, ["abf"] = {"Abai Sungai"}, ["abg"] = {"Abaga"}, ["abh"] = {"Tajiki Arabic"}, ["abi"] = {"Abidji"}, ["abj"] = {"Aka-Bea"}, ["abl"] = {"Lampung Nyo"}, ["abm"] = {"Abanyom"}, ["abn"] = {"Abua"}, ["abo"] = {"Abon"}, ["abp"] = {"Abellen Ayta"}, ["abq"] = {"Abaza"}, ["abr"] = {"Abron"}, ["abs"] = {"Ambonese Malay"}, ["abt"] = {"Ambulas"}, ["abu"] = {"Abure"}, ["abv"] = {"Baharna Arabic"}, ["abw"] = {"Pal"}, ["abx"] = {"Inabaknon"}, ["aby"] = {"Aneme Wake"}, ["abz"] = {"Abui"}, ["aca"] = {"Achagua"}, ["acb"] = {"Áncá"}, ["acd"] = {"Gikyode"}, ["ace"] = {"Achinese"}, ["acf"] = {"Saint Lucian Creole French"}, ["ach"] = {"Acoli"}, ["aci"] = {"Aka-Cari"}, ["ack"] = {"Aka-Kora"}, ["acl"] = {"Akar-Bale"}, ["acm"] = {"Mesopotamian Arabic"}, ["acn"] = {"Achang"}, ["acp"] = {"Eastern Acipa"}, ["acq"] = {"Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic"}, ["acr"] = {"Achi"}, ["acs"] = {"Acroá"}, ["act"] = {"Achterhoeks"}, ["acu"] = {"Achuar-Shiwiar"}, ["acv"] = {"Achumawi"}, ["acw"] = {"Hijazi Arabic"}, ["acx"] = {"Omani Arabic"}, ["acy"] = {"Cypriot Arabic"}, ["acz"] = {"Acheron"}, ["ada"] = {"Adangme"}, ["adb"] = {"Atauran"}, ["add"] = {"Lidzonka", "Dzodinka"}, ["ade"] = {"Adele"}, ["adf"] = {"Dhofari Arabic"}, ["adg"] = {"Andegerebinha"}, ["adh"] = {"Adhola"}, ["adi"] = {"Adi"}, ["adj"] = {"Adioukrou"}, ["adl"] = {"Galo"}, ["adn"] = {"Adang"}, ["ado"] = {"Abu"}, ["adq"] = {"Adangbe"}, ["adr"] = {"Adonara"}, ["ads"] = {"Adamorobe Sign Language"}, ["adt"] = {"Adnyamathanha"}, ["adu"] = {"Aduge"}, ["adw"] = {"Amundava"}, ["adx"] = {"Amdo Tibetan"}, ["ady"] = {"Adyghe", "Adygei"}, ["adz"] = {"Adzera"}, ["aea"] = {"Areba"}, ["aeb"] = {"Tunisian Arabic"}, ["aec"] = {"Saidi Arabic"}, ["aed"] = {"Argentine Sign Language"}, ["aee"] = {"Northeast Pashai", "Northeast Pashayi"}, ["aek"] = {"Haeke"}, ["ael"] = {"Ambele"}, ["aem"] = {"Arem"}, ["aen"] = {"Armenian Sign Language"}, ["aeq"] = {"Aer"}, ["aer"] = {"Eastern Arrernte"}, ["aes"] = {"Alsea"}, ["aeu"] = {"Akeu"}, ["aew"] = {"Ambakich"}, ["aey"] = {"Amele"}, ["aez"] = {"Aeka"}, ["afa"] = {"Afro-Asiatic languages"}, ["afb"] = {"Gulf Arabic"}, ["afd"] = {"Andai"}, ["afe"] = {"Putukwam"}, ["afg"] = {"Afghan Sign Language"}, ["afh"] = {"Afrihili"}, ["afi"] = {"Akrukay", "Chini"}, ["afk"] = {"Nanubae"}, ["afn"] = {"Defaka"}, ["afo"] = {"Eloyi"}, ["afp"] = {"Tapei"}, ["afs"] = {"Afro-Seminole Creole"}, ["aft"] = {"Afitti"}, ["afu"] = {"Awutu"}, ["afz"] = {"Obokuitai"}, ["aga"] = {"Aguano"}, ["agb"] = {"Legbo"}, ["agc"] = {"Agatu"}, ["agd"] = {"Agarabi"}, ["age"] = {"Angal"}, ["agf"] = {"Arguni"}, ["agg"] = {"Angor"}, ["agh"] = {"Ngelima"}, ["agi"] = {"Agariya"}, ["agj"] = {"Argobba"}, ["agk"] = {"Isarog Agta"}, ["agl"] = {"Fembe"}, ["agm"] = {"Angaataha"}, ["agn"] = {"Agutaynen"}, ["ago"] = {"Tainae"}, ["agq"] = {"Aghem"}, ["agr"] = {"Aguaruna"}, ["ags"] = {"Esimbi"}, ["agt"] = {"Central Cagayan Agta"}, ["agu"] = {"Aguacateco"}, ["agv"] = {"Remontado Dumagat"}, ["agw"] = {"Kahua"}, ["agx"] = {"Агуль"}, ["agy"] = {"Southern Alta"}, ["agz"] = {"Mt. Iriga Agta"}, ["aha"] = {"Ahanta"}, ["ahb"] = {"Axamb"}, ["ahg"] = {"Qimant"}, ["ahh"] = {"Aghu"}, ["ahi"] = {"Tiagbamrin Aizi"}, ["ahk"] = {"Akha"}, ["ahl"] = {"Igo"}, ["ahm"] = {"Mobumrin Aizi"}, ["ahn"] = {"Àhàn"}, ["aho"] = {"Ahom"}, ["ahp"] = {"Aproumu Aizi"}, ["ahr"] = {"Ahirani"}, ["ahs"] = {"Ashe"}, ["aht"] = {"Ahtena"}, ["aia"] = {"Arosi"}, ["aib"] = {"Ainu (China)"}, ["aic"] = {"Ainbai"}, ["aid"] = {"Alngith"}, ["aie"] = {"Amara"}, ["aif"] = {"Agi"}, ["aig"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"}, ["aih"] = {"Ai-Cham"}, ["aii"] = {"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"}, ["aij"] = {"Lishanid Noshan"}, ["aik"] = {"Ake"}, ["ail"] = {"Aimele"}, ["aim"] = {"Aimol"}, ["ain"] = {"Ainu (Japan)"}, ["aio"] = {"Aiton"}, ["aip"] = {"Burumakok"}, ["aiq"] = {"Aimaq"}, ["air"] = {"Airoran"}, ["ait"] = {"Arikem"}, ["aiw"] = {"Aari"}, ["aix"] = {"Aighon"}, ["aiy"] = {"Ali"}, ["aja"] = {"Aja (South Sudan)"}, ["ajg"] = {"Aja (Benin)"}, ["aji"] = {"Ajië"}, ["ajn"] = {"Andajin"}, ["ajp"] = {"South Levantine Arabic"}, ["ajt"] = {"Judeo-Tunisian Arabic"}, ["aju"] = {"Judeo-Moroccan Arabic"}, ["ajw"] = {"Ajawa"}, ["ajz"] = {"Amri Karbi"}, ["akb"] = {"Batak Angkola"}, ["akc"] = {"Mpur"}, ["akd"] = {"Ukpet-Ehom"}, ["ake"] = {"Akawaio"}, ["akf"] = {"Akpa"}, ["akg"] = {"Anakalangu"}, ["akh"] = {"Angal Heneng"}, ["aki"] = {"Aiome"}, ["akj"] = {"Aka-Jeru"}, ["akk"] = {"Akkadian"}, ["akl"] = {"Aklanon"}, ["akm"] = {"Aka-Bo"}, ["ako"] = {"Akurio"}, ["akp"] = {"Siwu"}, ["akq"] = {"Ak"}, ["akr"] = {"Araki"}, ["aks"] = {"Akaselem"}, ["akt"] = {"Akolet"}, ["aku"] = {"Akum"}, ["akv"] = {"Akhvakh"}, ["akw"] = {"Akwa"}, ["akx"] = {"Aka-Kede"}, ["aky"] = {"Aka-Kol"}, ["akz"] = {"Alabama"}, ["ala"] = {"Alago"}, ["alc"] = {"Qawasqar"}, ["ald"] = {"Alladian"}, ["ale"] = {"Aleut"}, ["alf"] = {"Alege"}, ["alg"] = {"Algonquian languages"}, ["alh"] = {"Alawa"}, ["ali"] = {"Amaimon"}, ["alj"] = {"Alangan"}, ["alk"] = {"Alak"}, ["all"] = {"Allar"}, ["alm"] = {"Amblong"}, ["aln"] = {"Gheg Albanian"}, ["alo"] = {"Larike-Wakasihu"}, ["alp"] = {"Alune"}, ["alq"] = {"Algonquin"}, ["alr"] = {"Alutor"}, ["als"] = {"Tosk Albanian"}, ["alt"] = {"Өмнөд Алтай"}, ["alu"] = {"'Are'are"}, ["alv"] = {"Atlantic-Congo languages"}, ["alw"] = {"Alaba-K’abeena", "Wanbasana"}, ["alx"] = {"Amol"}, ["aly"] = {"Alyawarr"}, ["alz"] = {"Alur"}, ["ama"] = {"Amanayé"}, ["amb"] = {"Ambo"}, ["amc"] = {"Amahuaca"}, ["ame"] = {"Yanesha'"}, ["amf"] = {"Hamer-Banna"}, ["amg"] = {"Amurdak"}, ["ami"] = {"Amis"}, ["amj"] = {"Amdang"}, ["amk"] = {"Ambai"}, ["aml"] = {"War-Jaintia"}, ["amm"] = {"Ama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["amn"] = {"Amanab"}, ["amo"] = {"Amo"}, ["amp"] = {"Alamblak"}, ["amq"] = {"Amahai"}, ["amr"] = {"Amarakaeri"}, ["ams"] = {"Southern Amami-Oshima"}, ["amt"] = {"Amto"}, ["amu"] = {"Guerrero Amuzgo"}, ["amv"] = {"Ambelau"}, ["amw"] = {"Western Neo-Aramaic"}, ["amx"] = {"Anmatyerre"}, ["amy"] = {"Ami"}, ["amz"] = {"Atampaya"}, ["ana"] = {"Andaqui"}, ["anb"] = {"Andoa"}, ["anc"] = {"Ngas"}, ["and"] = {"Ansus"}, ["ane"] = {"Xârâcùù"}, ["anf"] = {"Animere"}, ["ang"] = {"Хуучин Англи (ca. 450-1100)"}, ["anh"] = {"Nend"}, ["ani"] = {"Andi"}, ["anj"] = {"Anor"}, ["ank"] = {"Goemai"}, ["anl"] = {"Anu-Hkongso Chin"}, ["anm"] = {"Anal"}, ["ann"] = {"Obolo"}, ["ano"] = {"Andoque"}, ["anp"] = {"Angika"}, ["anq"] = {"Jarawa (India)"}, ["anr"] = {"Andh"}, ["ans"] = {"Anserma"}, ["ant"] = {"Antakarinya", "Antikarinya"}, ["anu"] = {"Anuak"}, ["anv"] = {"Denya"}, ["anw"] = {"Anaang"}, ["anx"] = {"Andra-Hus"}, ["any"] = {"Anyin"}, ["anz"] = {"Anem"}, ["aoa"] = {"Angolar"}, ["aob"] = {"Abom"}, ["aoc"] = {"Pemon"}, ["aod"] = {"Andarum"}, ["aoe"] = {"Angal Enen"}, ["aof"] = {"Bragat"}, ["aog"] = {"Angoram"}, ["aoi"] = {"Anindilyakwa"}, ["aoj"] = {"Mufian"}, ["aok"] = {"Arhö"}, ["aol"] = {"Alor"}, ["aom"] = {"Ömie"}, ["aon"] = {"Bumbita Arapesh"}, ["aor"] = {"Aore"}, ["aos"] = {"Taikat"}, ["aot"] = {"Atong (India)", "A'tong"}, ["aou"] = {"A'ou"}, ["aox"] = {"Atorada"}, ["aoz"] = {"Uab Meto"}, ["apa"] = {"Apache languages"}, ["apb"] = {"Sa'a"}, ["apc"] = {"North Levantine Arabic"}, ["apd"] = {"Sudanese Arabic"}, ["ape"] = {"Bukiyip"}, ["apf"] = {"Pahanan Agta"}, ["apg"] = {"Ampanang"}, ["aph"] = {"Athpariya"}, ["api"] = {"Apiaká"}, ["apj"] = {"Jicarilla Apache"}, ["apk"] = {"Kiowa Apache"}, ["apl"] = {"Lipan Apache"}, ["apm"] = {"Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache"}, ["apn"] = {"Apinayé"}, ["apo"] = {"Ambul"}, ["app"] = {"Apma"}, ["apq"] = {"A-Pucikwar"}, ["apr"] = {"Arop-Lokep"}, ["aps"] = {"Arop-Sissano"}, ["apt"] = {"Apatani"}, ["apu"] = {"Apurinã"}, ["apv"] = {"Alapmunte"}, ["apw"] = {"Western Apache"}, ["apx"] = {"Aputai"}, ["apy"] = {"Apalaí"}, ["apz"] = {"Safeyoka"}, ["aqa"] = {"Alacalufan languages"}, ["aqc"] = {"Archi"}, ["aqd"] = {"Ampari Dogon"}, ["aqg"] = {"Arigidi"}, ["aqk"] = {"Aninka"}, ["aql"] = {"Algic languages"}, ["aqm"] = {"Atohwaim"}, ["aqn"] = {"Northern Alta"}, ["aqp"] = {"Atakapa"}, ["aqr"] = {"Arhâ"}, ["aqt"] = {"Angaité"}, ["aqz"] = {"Akuntsu"}, ["arb"] = {"Стандарт Араб"}, ["arc"] = {"Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)"}, ["ard"] = {"Arabana"}, ["are"] = {"Western Arrarnta"}, ["arh"] = {"Arhuaco"}, ["ari"] = {"Arikara"}, ["arj"] = {"Arapaso"}, ["ark"] = {"Arikapú"}, ["arl"] = {"Arabela"}, ["arn"] = {"Mapudungun", "Mapuche"}, ["aro"] = {"Araona"}, ["arp"] = {"Arapaho"}, ["arq"] = {"Algerian Arabic"}, ["arr"] = {"Karo (Brazil)"}, ["ars"] = {"Najdi Arabic"}, ["art"] = {"Artificial languages"}, ["aru"] = {"Aruá (Amazonas State)", "Arawá"}, ["arv"] = {"Arbore"}, ["arw"] = {"Arawak"}, ["arx"] = {"Aruá (Rodonia State)"}, ["ary"] = {"Moroccan Arabic"}, ["arz"] = {"Египетийн Араб"}, ["asa"] = {"Asu (Tanzania)"}, ["asb"] = {"Assiniboine"}, ["asc"] = {"Casuarina Coast Asmat"}, ["ase"] = {"American Sign Language"}, ["asf"] = {"Auslan", "Australian Sign Language"}, ["asg"] = {"Cishingini"}, ["ash"] = {"Abishira"}, ["asi"] = {"Buruwai"}, ["asj"] = {"Sari"}, ["ask"] = {"Ashkun"}, ["asl"] = {"Asilulu"}, ["asn"] = {"Xingú Asuriní"}, ["aso"] = {"Dano"}, ["asp"] = {"Algerian Sign Language"}, ["asq"] = {"Austrian Sign Language"}, ["asr"] = {"Asuri"}, ["ass"] = {"Ipulo"}, ["ast"] = {"Asturian", "Asturleonese", "Bable", "Leonese"}, ["asu"] = {"Tocantins Asurini"}, ["asv"] = {"Asoa"}, ["asw"] = {"Australian Aborigines Sign Language"}, ["asx"] = {"Muratayak"}, ["asy"] = {"Yaosakor Asmat"}, ["asz"] = {"As"}, ["ata"] = {"Pele-Ata"}, ["atb"] = {"Zaiwa"}, ["atc"] = {"Atsahuaca"}, ["atd"] = {"Ata Manobo"}, ["ate"] = {"Atemble"}, ["atg"] = {"Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe"}, ["ath"] = {"Athapascan languages"}, ["ati"] = {"Attié"}, ["atj"] = {"Atikamekw"}, ["atk"] = {"Ati"}, ["atl"] = {"Mt. Iraya Agta"}, ["atm"] = {"Ata"}, ["atn"] = {"Ashtiani"}, ["ato"] = {"Atong (Cameroon)"}, ["atp"] = {"Pudtol Atta"}, ["atq"] = {"Aralle-Tabulahan"}, ["atr"] = {"Waimiri-Atroari"}, ["ats"] = {"Gros Ventre"}, ["att"] = {"Pamplona Atta"}, ["atu"] = {"Reel"}, ["atv"] = {"Northern Altai"}, ["atw"] = {"Atsugewi"}, ["atx"] = {"Arutani"}, ["aty"] = {"Aneityum"}, ["atz"] = {"Arta"}, ["aua"] = {"Asumboa"}, ["aub"] = {"Alugu"}, ["auc"] = {"Waorani"}, ["aud"] = {"Anuta"}, ["auf"] = {"Arauan languages"}, ["aug"] = {"Aguna"}, ["auh"] = {"Aushi"}, ["aui"] = {"Anuki"}, ["auj"] = {"Awjilah"}, ["auk"] = {"Heyo"}, ["aul"] = {"Aulua"}, ["aum"] = {"Asu (Nigeria)"}, ["aun"] = {"Molmo One"}, ["auo"] = {"Auyokawa"}, ["aup"] = {"Makayam"}, ["auq"] = {"Anus", "Korur"}, ["aur"] = {"Aruek"}, ["aus"] = {"Australian languages"}, ["aut"] = {"Austral"}, ["auu"] = {"Auye"}, ["auw"] = {"Awyi"}, ["aux"] = {"Aurá"}, ["auy"] = {"Awiyaana"}, ["auz"] = {"Uzbeki Arabic"}, ["avb"] = {"Avau"}, ["avd"] = {"Alviri-Vidari"}, ["avi"] = {"Avikam"}, ["avk"] = {"Kotava"}, ["avl"] = {"Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic"}, ["avm"] = {"Angkamuthi"}, ["avn"] = {"Avatime"}, ["avo"] = {"Agavotaguerra"}, ["avs"] = {"Aushiri"}, ["avt"] = {"Au"}, ["avu"] = {"Avokaya"}, ["avv"] = {"Avá-Canoeiro"}, ["awa"] = {"Awadhi"}, ["awb"] = {"Awa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["awc"] = {"Cicipu"}, ["awd"] = {"Arawakan languages"}, ["awe"] = {"Awetí"}, ["awg"] = {"Anguthimri"}, ["awh"] = {"Awbono"}, ["awi"] = {"Aekyom"}, ["awk"] = {"Awabakal"}, ["awm"] = {"Arawum"}, ["awn"] = {"Awngi"}, ["awo"] = {"Awak"}, ["awr"] = {"Awera"}, ["aws"] = {"South Awyu"}, ["awt"] = {"Araweté"}, ["awu"] = {"Central Awyu"}, ["awv"] = {"Jair Awyu"}, ["aww"] = {"Awun"}, ["awx"] = {"Awara"}, ["awy"] = {"Edera Awyu"}, ["axb"] = {"Abipon"}, ["axe"] = {"Ayerrerenge"}, ["axg"] = {"Mato Grosso Arára"}, ["axk"] = {"Yaka (Central African Republic)"}, ["axl"] = {"Lower Southern Aranda"}, ["axm"] = {"Middle Armenian"}, ["axx"] = {"Xârâgurè"}, ["aya"] = {"Awar"}, ["ayb"] = {"Ayizo Gbe"}, ["ayc"] = {"Southern Aymara"}, ["ayd"] = {"Ayabadhu"}, ["aye"] = {"Ayere"}, ["ayg"] = {"Ginyanga"}, ["ayh"] = {"Hadrami Arabic"}, ["ayi"] = {"Leyigha"}, ["ayk"] = {"Akuku"}, ["ayl"] = {"Libyan Arabic"}, ["ayn"] = {"Sanaani Arabic"}, ["ayo"] = {"Ayoreo"}, ["ayp"] = {"North Mesopotamian Arabic"}, ["ayq"] = {"Ayi (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["ayr"] = {"Central Aymara"}, ["ays"] = {"Sorsogon Ayta"}, ["ayt"] = {"Magbukun Ayta"}, ["ayu"] = {"Ayu"}, ["ayz"] = {"Mai Brat"}, ["aza"] = {"Azha"}, ["azb"] = {"South Azerbaijani"}, ["azc"] = {"Uto-Aztecan languages"}, ["azd"] = {"Eastern Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azg"] = {"San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo"}, ["azj"] = {"North Azerbaijani"}, ["azm"] = {"Ipalapa Amuzgo"}, ["azn"] = {"Western Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azo"] = {"Awing"}, ["azt"] = {"Faire Atta"}, ["azz"] = {"Highland Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["baa"] = {"Babatana"}, ["bab"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyuño"}, ["bac"] = {"Badui"}, ["bad"] = {"Banda languages"}, ["bae"] = {"Baré"}, ["baf"] = {"Nubaca"}, ["bag"] = {"Tuki"}, ["bah"] = {"Bahamas Creole English"}, ["bai"] = {"Bamileke languages"}, ["baj"] = {"Barakai"}, ["bal"] = {"Baluchi"}, ["ban"] = {"Бали"}, ["bao"] = {"Waimaha"}, ["bap"] = {"Bantawa"}, ["bar"] = {"Бавари"}, ["bas"] = {"Basa (Cameroon)"}, ["bat"] = {"Baltic languages"}, ["bau"] = {"Bada (Nigeria)"}, ["bav"] = {"Vengo"}, ["baw"] = {"Bambili-Bambui"}, ["bax"] = {"Bamun"}, ["bay"] = {"Batuley"}, ["bba"] = {"Baatonum"}, ["bbb"] = {"Barai"}, ["bbc"] = {"Batak Toba"}, ["bbd"] = {"Bau"}, ["bbe"] = {"Bangba"}, ["bbf"] = {"Baibai"}, ["bbg"] = {"Barama"}, ["bbh"] = {"Bugan"}, ["bbi"] = {"Barombi"}, ["bbj"] = {"Ghomálá'"}, ["bbk"] = {"Babanki"}, ["bbl"] = {"Bats"}, ["bbm"] = {"Babango"}, ["bbn"] = {"Uneapa"}, ["bbo"] = {"Northern Bobo Madaré", "Konabéré"}, ["bbp"] = {"West Central Banda"}, ["bbq"] = {"Bamali"}, ["bbr"] = {"Girawa"}, ["bbs"] = {"Bakpinka"}, ["bbt"] = {"Mburku"}, ["bbu"] = {"Kulung (Nigeria)"}, ["bbv"] = {"Karnai"}, ["bbw"] = {"Baba"}, ["bbx"] = {"Bubia"}, ["bby"] = {"Befang"}, ["bca"] = {"Central Bai"}, ["bcb"] = {"Bainouk-Samik"}, ["bcc"] = {"Southern Balochi"}, ["bcd"] = {"North Babar"}, ["bce"] = {"Bamenyam"}, ["bcf"] = {"Bamu"}, ["bcg"] = {"Baga Pokur"}, ["bch"] = {"Bariai"}, ["bci"] = {"Baoulé"}, ["bcj"] = {"Bardi"}, ["bck"] = {"Bunuba"}, ["bcl"] = {"Central Bikol"}, ["bcm"] = {"Bannoni"}, ["bcn"] = {"Bali (Nigeria)"}, ["bco"] = {"Kaluli"}, ["bcp"] = {"Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bcq"] = {"Bench"}, ["bcr"] = {"Babine"}, ["bcs"] = {"Kohumono"}, ["bct"] = {"Bendi"}, ["bcu"] = {"Awad Bing"}, ["bcv"] = {"Shoo-Minda-Nye"}, ["bcw"] = {"Bana"}, ["bcy"] = {"Bacama"}, ["bcz"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"}, ["bda"] = {"Bayot"}, ["bdb"] = {"Basap"}, ["bdc"] = {"Emberá-Baudó"}, ["bdd"] = {"Bunama"}, ["bde"] = {"Bade"}, ["bdf"] = {"Biage"}, ["bdg"] = {"Bonggi"}, ["bdh"] = {"Baka (South Sudan)"}, ["bdi"] = {"Burun"}, ["bdj"] = {"Bai (South Sudan)", "Bai"}, ["bdk"] = {"Budukh"}, ["bdl"] = {"Indonesian Bajau"}, ["bdm"] = {"Buduma"}, ["bdn"] = {"Baldemu"}, ["bdo"] = {"Morom"}, ["bdp"] = {"Bende"}, ["bdq"] = {"Bahnar"}, ["bdr"] = {"West Coast Bajau"}, ["bds"] = {"Burunge"}, ["bdt"] = {"Bokoto"}, ["bdu"] = {"Oroko"}, ["bdv"] = {"Bodo Parja"}, ["bdw"] = {"Baham"}, ["bdx"] = {"Budong-Budong"}, ["bdy"] = {"Bandjalang"}, ["bdz"] = {"Badeshi"}, ["bea"] = {"Beaver"}, ["beb"] = {"Bebele"}, ["bec"] = {"Iceve-Maci"}, ["bed"] = {"Bedoanas"}, ["bee"] = {"Byangsi"}, ["bef"] = {"Benabena"}, ["beg"] = {"Belait"}, ["beh"] = {"Biali"}, ["bei"] = {"Bekati'"}, ["bej"] = {"Beja", "Bedawiyet"}, ["bek"] = {"Bebeli"}, ["bem"] = {"Bemba (Zambia)"}, ["beo"] = {"Beami"}, ["bep"] = {"Besoa"}, ["beq"] = {"Beembe"}, ["ber"] = {"Бербер хэлнүүд"}, ["bes"] = {"Besme"}, ["bet"] = {"Guiberoua Béte"}, ["beu"] = {"Blagar"}, ["bev"] = {"Daloa Bété"}, ["bew"] = {"Betawi"}, ["bex"] = {"Jur Modo"}, ["bey"] = {"Beli (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bez"] = {"Bena (Tanzania)"}, ["bfa"] = {"Bari"}, ["bfb"] = {"Pauri Bareli"}, ["bfc"] = {"Panyi Bai", "Northern Bai"}, ["bfd"] = {"Bafut"}, ["bfe"] = {"Betaf", "Tena"}, ["bff"] = {"Bofi"}, ["bfg"] = {"Busang Kayan"}, ["bfh"] = {"Blafe"}, ["bfi"] = {"British Sign Language"}, ["bfj"] = {"Bafanji"}, ["bfk"] = {"Ban Khor Sign Language"}, ["bfl"] = {"Banda-Ndélé"}, ["bfm"] = {"Mmen"}, ["bfn"] = {"Bunak"}, ["bfo"] = {"Malba Birifor"}, ["bfp"] = {"Beba"}, ["bfq"] = {"Badaga"}, ["bfr"] = {"Bazigar"}, ["bfs"] = {"Southern Bai"}, ["bft"] = {"Balti"}, ["bfu"] = {"Gahri"}, ["bfw"] = {"Bondo"}, ["bfx"] = {"Bantayanon"}, ["bfy"] = {"Bagheli"}, ["bfz"] = {"Mahasu Pahari"}, ["bga"] = {"Gwamhi-Wuri"}, ["bgb"] = {"Bobongko"}, ["bgc"] = {"Haryanvi"}, ["bgd"] = {"Rathwi Bareli"}, ["bge"] = {"Bauria"}, ["bgf"] = {"Bangandu"}, ["bgg"] = {"Bugun"}, ["bgi"] = {"Giangan"}, ["bgj"] = {"Bangolan"}, ["bgk"] = {"Bit", "Buxinhua"}, ["bgl"] = {"Bo (Laos)"}, ["bgn"] = {"Western Balochi"}, ["bgo"] = {"Baga Koga"}, ["bgp"] = {"Eastern Balochi"}, ["bgq"] = {"Bagri"}, ["bgr"] = {"Bawm Chin"}, ["bgs"] = {"Tagabawa"}, ["bgt"] = {"Bughotu"}, ["bgu"] = {"Mbongno"}, ["bgv"] = {"Warkay-Bipim"}, ["bgw"] = {"Bhatri"}, ["bgx"] = {"Balkan Gagauz Turkish"}, ["bgy"] = {"Benggoi"}, ["bgz"] = {"Banggai"}, ["bha"] = {"Bharia"}, ["bhb"] = {"Bhili"}, ["bhc"] = {"Biga"}, ["bhd"] = {"Bhadrawahi"}, ["bhe"] = {"Bhaya"}, ["bhf"] = {"Odiai"}, ["bhg"] = {"Binandere"}, ["bhh"] = {"Bukharic"}, ["bhi"] = {"Bhilali"}, ["bhj"] = {"Bahing"}, ["bhl"] = {"Bimin"}, ["bhm"] = {"Bathari"}, ["bhn"] = {"Bohtan Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bho"] = {"Bhojpuri"}, ["bhp"] = {"Bima"}, ["bhq"] = {"Tukang Besi South"}, ["bhr"] = {"Bara Malagasy"}, ["bhs"] = {"Buwal"}, ["bht"] = {"Bhattiyali"}, ["bhu"] = {"Bhunjia"}, ["bhv"] = {"Bahau"}, ["bhw"] = {"Biak"}, ["bhx"] = {"Bhalay"}, ["bhy"] = {"Bhele"}, ["bhz"] = {"Bada (Indonesia)"}, ["bia"] = {"Badimaya"}, ["bib"] = {"Bissa", "Bisa"}, ["bid"] = {"Bidiyo"}, ["bie"] = {"Bepour"}, ["bif"] = {"Biafada"}, ["big"] = {"Biangai"}, ["bik"] = {"Bikol"}, ["bil"] = {"Bile"}, ["bim"] = {"Bimoba"}, ["bin"] = {"Bini", "Edo"}, ["bio"] = {"Nai"}, ["bip"] = {"Bila"}, ["biq"] = {"Bipi"}, ["bir"] = {"Bisorio"}, ["bit"] = {"Berinomo"}, ["biu"] = {"Biete"}, ["biv"] = {"Southern Birifor"}, ["biw"] = {"Kol (Cameroon)"}, ["bix"] = {"Bijori"}, ["biy"] = {"Birhor"}, ["biz"] = {"Baloi"}, ["bja"] = {"Budza"}, ["bjb"] = {"Banggarla"}, ["bjc"] = {"Bariji"}, ["bje"] = {"Biao-Jiao Mien"}, ["bjf"] = {"Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bjg"] = {"Bidyogo"}, ["bjh"] = {"Bahinemo"}, ["bji"] = {"Burji"}, ["bjj"] = {"Kanauji"}, ["bjk"] = {"Barok"}, ["bjl"] = {"Bulu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bjm"] = {"Bajelani"}, ["bjn"] = {"Banjar"}, ["bjo"] = {"Mid-Southern Banda"}, ["bjp"] = {"Fanamaket"}, ["bjr"] = {"Binumarien"}, ["bjs"] = {"Bajan"}, ["bjt"] = {"Balanta-Ganja"}, ["bju"] = {"Busuu"}, ["bjv"] = {"Bedjond"}, ["bjw"] = {"Bakwé"}, ["bjx"] = {"Banao Itneg"}, ["bjy"] = {"Bayali"}, ["bjz"] = {"Baruga"}, ["bka"] = {"Kyak"}, ["bkc"] = {"Baka (Cameroon)"}, ["bkd"] = {"Binukid", "Talaandig"}, ["bkf"] = {"Beeke"}, ["bkg"] = {"Buraka"}, ["bkh"] = {"Bakoko"}, ["bki"] = {"Baki"}, ["bkj"] = {"Pande"}, ["bkk"] = {"Brokskat"}, ["bkl"] = {"Berik"}, ["bkm"] = {"Kom (Cameroon)"}, ["bkn"] = {"Bukitan"}, ["bko"] = {"Kwa'"}, ["bkp"] = {"Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bkq"] = {"Bakairí"}, ["bkr"] = {"Bakumpai"}, ["bks"] = {"Northern Sorsoganon"}, ["bkt"] = {"Boloki"}, ["bku"] = {"Buhid"}, ["bkv"] = {"Bekwarra"}, ["bkw"] = {"Bekwel"}, ["bkx"] = {"Baikeno"}, ["bky"] = {"Bokyi"}, ["bkz"] = {"Bungku"}, ["bla"] = {"Siksika"}, ["blb"] = {"Bilua"}, ["blc"] = {"Bella Coola"}, ["bld"] = {"Bolango"}, ["ble"] = {"Balanta-Kentohe"}, ["blf"] = {"Buol"}, ["blh"] = {"Kuwaa"}, ["bli"] = {"Bolia"}, ["blj"] = {"Bolongan"}, ["blk"] = {"Pa'o Karen", "Pa'O"}, ["bll"] = {"Biloxi"}, ["blm"] = {"Beli (South Sudan)"}, ["bln"] = {"Southern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["blo"] = {"Anii"}, ["blp"] = {"Blablanga"}, ["blq"] = {"Baluan-Pam"}, ["blr"] = {"Blang"}, ["bls"] = {"Balaesang"}, ["blt"] = {"Tai Dam"}, ["blv"] = {"Kibala", "Bolo"}, ["blw"] = {"Balangao"}, ["blx"] = {"Mag-Indi Ayta"}, ["bly"] = {"Notre"}, ["blz"] = {"Balantak"}, ["bma"] = {"Lame"}, ["bmb"] = {"Bembe"}, ["bmc"] = {"Biem"}, ["bmd"] = {"Baga Manduri"}, ["bme"] = {"Limassa"}, ["bmf"] = {"Bom-Kim"}, ["bmg"] = {"Bamwe"}, ["bmh"] = {"Kein"}, ["bmi"] = {"Bagirmi"}, ["bmj"] = {"Bote-Majhi"}, ["bmk"] = {"Ghayavi"}, ["bml"] = {"Bomboli"}, ["bmm"] = {"Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bmn"] = {"Bina (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bmo"] = {"Bambalang"}, ["bmp"] = {"Bulgebi"}, ["bmq"] = {"Bomu"}, ["bmr"] = {"Muinane"}, ["bms"] = {"Bilma Kanuri"}, ["bmt"] = {"Biao Mon"}, ["bmu"] = {"Somba-Siawari"}, ["bmv"] = {"Bum"}, ["bmw"] = {"Bomwali"}, ["bmx"] = {"Baimak"}, ["bmz"] = {"Baramu"}, ["bna"] = {"Bonerate"}, ["bnb"] = {"Bookan"}, ["bnc"] = {"Bontok"}, ["bnd"] = {"Banda (Indonesia)"}, ["bne"] = {"Bintauna"}, ["bnf"] = {"Masiwang"}, ["bng"] = {"Benga"}, ["bni"] = {"Bangi"}, ["bnj"] = {"Eastern Tawbuid"}, ["bnk"] = {"Bierebo"}, ["bnl"] = {"Boon"}, ["bnm"] = {"Batanga"}, ["bnn"] = {"Bunun"}, ["bno"] = {"Bantoanon"}, ["bnp"] = {"Bola"}, ["bnq"] = {"Bantik"}, ["bnr"] = {"Butmas-Tur"}, ["bns"] = {"Bundeli"}, ["bnt"] = {"Bantu languages"}, ["bnu"] = {"Bentong"}, ["bnv"] = {"Bonerif", "Beneraf", "Edwas"}, ["bnw"] = {"Bisis"}, ["bnx"] = {"Bangubangu"}, ["bny"] = {"Bintulu"}, ["bnz"] = {"Beezen"}, ["boa"] = {"Bora"}, ["bob"] = {"Aweer"}, ["boe"] = {"Mundabli"}, ["bof"] = {"Bolon"}, ["bog"] = {"Bamako Sign Language"}, ["boh"] = {"Boma"}, ["boi"] = {"Barbareño"}, ["boj"] = {"Anjam"}, ["bok"] = {"Bonjo"}, ["bol"] = {"Bole"}, ["bom"] = {"Berom"}, ["bon"] = {"Bine"}, ["boo"] = {"Tiemacèwè Bozo"}, ["bop"] = {"Bonkiman"}, ["boq"] = {"Bogaya"}, ["bor"] = {"Borôro"}, ["bot"] = {"Bongo"}, ["bou"] = {"Bondei"}, ["bov"] = {"Tuwuli"}, ["bow"] = {"Rema"}, ["box"] = {"Buamu"}, ["boy"] = {"Bodo (Central African Republic)"}, ["boz"] = {"Tiéyaxo Bozo"}, ["bpa"] = {"Daakaka"}, ["bpd"] = {"Banda-Banda"}, ["bpe"] = {"Bauni"}, ["bpg"] = {"Bonggo"}, ["bph"] = {"Botlikh"}, ["bpi"] = {"Bagupi"}, ["bpj"] = {"Binji"}, ["bpk"] = {"Orowe", "'Ôrôê"}, ["bpl"] = {"Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"}, ["bpm"] = {"Biyom"}, ["bpn"] = {"Dzao Min"}, ["bpo"] = {"Anasi"}, ["bpp"] = {"Kaure"}, ["bpq"] = {"Banda Malay"}, ["bpr"] = {"Koronadal Blaan"}, ["bps"] = {"Sarangani Blaan"}, ["bpt"] = {"Barrow Point"}, ["bpu"] = {"Bongu"}, ["bpv"] = {"Bian Marind"}, ["bpw"] = {"Bo (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bpx"] = {"Palya Bareli"}, ["bpy"] = {"Bishnupriya"}, ["bpz"] = {"Bilba"}, ["bqa"] = {"Tchumbuli"}, ["bqb"] = {"Bagusa"}, ["bqc"] = {"Boko (Benin)", "Boo"}, ["bqd"] = {"Bung"}, ["bqf"] = {"Baga Kaloum"}, ["bqg"] = {"Bago-Kusuntu"}, ["bqh"] = {"Baima"}, ["bqi"] = {"Bakhtiari"}, ["bqj"] = {"Bandial"}, ["bqk"] = {"Banda-Mbrès"}, ["bql"] = {"Bilakura"}, ["bqm"] = {"Wumboko"}, ["bqn"] = {"Bulgarian Sign Language"}, ["bqo"] = {"Balo"}, ["bqp"] = {"Busa"}, ["bqq"] = {"Biritai"}, ["bqr"] = {"Burusu"}, ["bqs"] = {"Bosngun"}, ["bqt"] = {"Bamukumbit"}, ["bqu"] = {"Boguru"}, ["bqv"] = {"Koro Wachi", "Begbere-Ejar"}, ["bqw"] = {"Buru (Nigeria)"}, ["bqx"] = {"Baangi"}, ["bqy"] = {"Bengkala Sign Language"}, ["bqz"] = {"Bakaka"}, ["bra"] = {"Braj"}, ["brb"] = {"Lave"}, ["brc"] = {"Berbice Creole Dutch"}, ["brd"] = {"Baraamu"}, ["brf"] = {"Bira"}, ["brg"] = {"Baure"}, ["brh"] = {"Brahui"}, ["bri"] = {"Mokpwe"}, ["brj"] = {"Bieria"}, ["brk"] = {"Birked"}, ["brl"] = {"Birwa"}, ["brm"] = {"Barambu"}, ["brn"] = {"Boruca"}, ["bro"] = {"Brokkat"}, ["brp"] = {"Barapasi"}, ["brq"] = {"Breri"}, ["brr"] = {"Birao"}, ["brs"] = {"Baras"}, ["brt"] = {"Bitare"}, ["bru"] = {"Eastern Bru"}, ["brv"] = {"Western Bru"}, ["brw"] = {"Bellari"}, ["brx"] = {"Bodo (India)"}, ["bry"] = {"Burui"}, ["brz"] = {"Bilbil"}, ["bsa"] = {"Abinomn"}, ["bsb"] = {"Brunei Bisaya"}, ["bsc"] = {"Bassari", "Oniyan"}, ["bse"] = {"Wushi"}, ["bsf"] = {"Bauchi"}, ["bsg"] = {"Bashkardi"}, ["bsh"] = {"Kati"}, ["bsi"] = {"Bassossi"}, ["bsj"] = {"Bangwinji"}, ["bsk"] = {"Burushaski"}, ["bsl"] = {"Basa-Gumna"}, ["bsm"] = {"Busami"}, ["bsn"] = {"Barasana-Eduria"}, ["bso"] = {"Buso"}, ["bsp"] = {"Baga Sitemu"}, ["bsq"] = {"Bassa"}, ["bsr"] = {"Bassa-Kontagora"}, ["bss"] = {"Akoose"}, ["bst"] = {"Basketo"}, ["bsu"] = {"Bahonsuai"}, ["bsv"] = {"Baga Sobané"}, ["bsw"] = {"Baiso"}, ["bsx"] = {"Yangkam"}, ["bsy"] = {"Sabah Bisaya"}, ["bta"] = {"Bata"}, ["btc"] = {"Bati (Cameroon)"}, ["btd"] = {"Batak Dairi"}, ["bte"] = {"Gamo-Ningi"}, ["btf"] = {"Birgit"}, ["btg"] = {"Gagnoa Bété"}, ["bth"] = {"Biatah Bidayuh"}, ["bti"] = {"Burate"}, ["btj"] = {"Bacanese Malay"}, ["btk"] = {"Batak languages"}, ["btm"] = {"Batak Mandailing"}, ["btn"] = {"Ratagnon"}, ["bto"] = {"Rinconada Bikol"}, ["btp"] = {"Budibud"}, ["btq"] = {"Batek"}, ["btr"] = {"Baetora"}, ["bts"] = {"Batak Simalungun"}, ["btt"] = {"Bete-Bendi"}, ["btu"] = {"Batu"}, ["btv"] = {"Bateri"}, ["btw"] = {"Butuanon"}, ["btx"] = {"Batak Karo"}, ["bty"] = {"Bobot"}, ["btz"] = {"Batak Alas-Kluet"}, ["bua"] = {"Buriat"}, ["bub"] = {"Bua"}, ["buc"] = {"Bushi"}, ["bud"] = {"Ntcham"}, ["bue"] = {"Beothuk"}, ["buf"] = {"Bushoong"}, ["bug"] = {"Buginese"}, ["buh"] = {"Younuo Bunu"}, ["bui"] = {"Bongili"}, ["buj"] = {"Basa-Gurmana"}, ["buk"] = {"Bugawac"}, ["bum"] = {"Bulu (Cameroon)"}, ["bun"] = {"Sherbro"}, ["buo"] = {"Terei"}, ["bup"] = {"Busoa"}, ["buq"] = {"Brem"}, ["bus"] = {"Bokobaru"}, ["but"] = {"Bungain"}, ["buu"] = {"Budu"}, ["buv"] = {"Bun"}, ["buw"] = {"Bubi"}, ["bux"] = {"Boghom"}, ["buy"] = {"Bullom So"}, ["buz"] = {"Bukwen"}, ["bva"] = {"Barein"}, ["bvb"] = {"Bube"}, ["bvc"] = {"Baelelea"}, ["bvd"] = {"Baeggu"}, ["bve"] = {"Berau Malay"}, ["bvf"] = {"Boor"}, ["bvg"] = {"Bonkeng"}, ["bvh"] = {"Bure"}, ["bvi"] = {"Belanda Viri"}, ["bvj"] = {"Baan"}, ["bvk"] = {"Bukat"}, ["bvl"] = {"Bolivian Sign Language"}, ["bvm"] = {"Bamunka"}, ["bvn"] = {"Buna"}, ["bvo"] = {"Bolgo"}, ["bvp"] = {"Bumang"}, ["bvq"] = {"Birri"}, ["bvr"] = {"Burarra"}, ["bvt"] = {"Bati (Indonesia)"}, ["bvu"] = {"Bukit Malay"}, ["bvv"] = {"Baniva"}, ["bvw"] = {"Boga"}, ["bvx"] = {"Dibole"}, ["bvy"] = {"Baybayanon"}, ["bvz"] = {"Bauzi"}, ["bwa"] = {"Bwatoo"}, ["bwb"] = {"Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"}, ["bwc"] = {"Bwile"}, ["bwd"] = {"Bwaidoka"}, ["bwe"] = {"Bwe Karen"}, ["bwf"] = {"Boselewa"}, ["bwg"] = {"Barwe"}, ["bwh"] = {"Bishuo"}, ["bwi"] = {"Baniwa"}, ["bwj"] = {"Láá Láá Bwamu"}, ["bwk"] = {"Bauwaki"}, ["bwl"] = {"Bwela"}, ["bwm"] = {"Biwat"}, ["bwn"] = {"Wunai Bunu"}, ["bwo"] = {"Boro (Ethiopia)", "Borna (Ethiopia)"}, ["bwp"] = {"Mandobo Bawah"}, ["bwq"] = {"Southern Bobo Madaré"}, ["bwr"] = {"Bura-Pabir"}, ["bws"] = {"Bomboma"}, ["bwt"] = {"Bafaw-Balong"}, ["bwu"] = {"Buli (Ghana)"}, ["bww"] = {"Bwa"}, ["bwx"] = {"Bu-Nao Bunu"}, ["bwy"] = {"Cwi Bwamu"}, ["bwz"] = {"Bwisi"}, ["bxa"] = {"Tairaha"}, ["bxb"] = {"Belanda Bor"}, ["bxc"] = {"Molengue"}, ["bxd"] = {"Pela"}, ["bxe"] = {"Birale"}, ["bxf"] = {"Bilur", "Minigir"}, ["bxg"] = {"Bangala"}, ["bxh"] = {"Buhutu"}, ["bxi"] = {"Pirlatapa"}, ["bxj"] = {"Bayungu"}, ["bxk"] = {"Bukusu", "Lubukusu"}, ["bxl"] = {"Jalkunan"}, ["bxm"] = {"Mongolia Buriat"}, ["bxn"] = {"Burduna"}, ["bxo"] = {"Barikanchi"}, ["bxp"] = {"Bebil"}, ["bxq"] = {"Beele"}, ["bxr"] = {"Орос Буриад"}, ["bxs"] = {"Busam"}, ["bxu"] = {"China Buriat"}, ["bxv"] = {"Berakou"}, ["bxw"] = {"Bankagooma"}, ["bxz"] = {"Binahari"}, ["bya"] = {"Batak"}, ["byb"] = {"Bikya"}, ["byc"] = {"Ubaghara"}, ["byd"] = {"Benyadu'"}, ["bye"] = {"Pouye"}, ["byf"] = {"Bete"}, ["byg"] = {"Baygo"}, ["byh"] = {"Bhujel"}, ["byi"] = {"Buyu"}, ["byj"] = {"Bina (Nigeria)"}, ["byk"] = {"Biao"}, ["byl"] = {"Bayono"}, ["bym"] = {"Bidjara"}, ["byn"] = {"Bilin", "Blin"}, ["byo"] = {"Biyo"}, ["byp"] = {"Bumaji"}, ["byq"] = {"Basay"}, ["byr"] = {"Baruya", "Yipma"}, ["bys"] = {"Burak"}, ["byt"] = {"Berti"}, ["byv"] = {"Medumba"}, ["byw"] = {"Belhariya"}, ["byx"] = {"Qaqet"}, ["byz"] = {"Banaro"}, ["bza"] = {"Bandi"}, ["bzb"] = {"Andio"}, ["bzc"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bzd"] = {"Bribri"}, ["bze"] = {"Jenaama Bozo"}, ["bzf"] = {"Boikin"}, ["bzg"] = {"Babuza"}, ["bzh"] = {"Mapos Buang"}, ["bzi"] = {"Bisu"}, ["bzj"] = {"Belize Kriol English"}, ["bzk"] = {"Nicaragua Creole English"}, ["bzl"] = {"Boano (Sulawesi)"}, ["bzm"] = {"Bolondo"}, ["bzn"] = {"Boano (Maluku)"}, ["bzo"] = {"Bozaba"}, ["bzp"] = {"Kemberano"}, ["bzq"] = {"Buli (Indonesia)"}, ["bzr"] = {"Biri"}, ["bzs"] = {"Brazilian Sign Language"}, ["bzt"] = {"Brithenig"}, ["bzu"] = {"Burmeso"}, ["bzv"] = {"Naami"}, ["bzw"] = {"Basa (Nigeria)"}, ["bzx"] = {"Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo"}, ["bzy"] = {"Obanliku"}, ["bzz"] = {"Evant"}, ["caa"] = {"Chortí"}, ["cab"] = {"Garifuna"}, ["cac"] = {"Chuj"}, ["cad"] = {"Caddo"}, ["cae"] = {"Lehar", "Laalaa"}, ["caf"] = {"Southern Carrier"}, ["cag"] = {"Nivaclé"}, ["cah"] = {"Cahuarano"}, ["cai"] = {"Central American Indian languages"}, ["caj"] = {"Chané"}, ["cak"] = {"Kaqchikel", "Cakchiquel"}, ["cal"] = {"Carolinian"}, ["cam"] = {"Cemuhî"}, ["can"] = {"Chambri"}, ["cao"] = {"Chácobo"}, ["cap"] = {"Chipaya"}, ["caq"] = {"Car Nicobarese"}, ["car"] = {"Galibi Carib"}, ["cas"] = {"Tsimané"}, ["cau"] = {"Caucasian languages"}, ["cav"] = {"Cavineña"}, ["caw"] = {"Callawalla"}, ["cax"] = {"Chiquitano"}, ["cay"] = {"Cayuga"}, ["caz"] = {"Canichana"}, ["cba"] = {"Chibchan languages"}, ["cbb"] = {"Cabiyarí"}, ["cbc"] = {"Carapana"}, ["cbd"] = {"Carijona"}, ["cbg"] = {"Chimila"}, ["cbi"] = {"Chachi"}, ["cbj"] = {"Ede Cabe"}, ["cbk"] = {"Chavacano"}, ["cbl"] = {"Bualkhaw Chin"}, ["cbn"] = {"Nyahkur"}, ["cbo"] = {"Izora"}, ["cbq"] = {"Tsucuba", "Cuba"}, ["cbr"] = {"Cashibo-Cacataibo"}, ["cbs"] = {"Cashinahua"}, ["cbt"] = {"Chayahuita"}, ["cbu"] = {"Candoshi-Shapra"}, ["cbv"] = {"Cacua"}, ["cbw"] = {"Kinabalian"}, ["cby"] = {"Carabayo"}, ["ccc"] = {"Chamicuro"}, ["ccd"] = {"Cafundo Creole"}, ["cce"] = {"Chopi"}, ["ccg"] = {"Samba Daka"}, ["cch"] = {"Atsam"}, ["ccj"] = {"Kasanga"}, ["ccl"] = {"Cutchi-Swahili"}, ["ccm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Malay"}, ["ccn"] = {"North Caucasian languages"}, ["cco"] = {"Comaltepec Chinantec"}, ["ccp"] = {"Chakma"}, ["ccr"] = {"Cacaopera"}, ["ccs"] = {"South Caucasian languages"}, ["cda"] = {"Choni"}, ["cdc"] = {"Chadic languages"}, ["cdd"] = {"Caddoan languages"}, ["cde"] = {"Chenchu"}, ["cdf"] = {"Chiru"}, ["cdh"] = {"Chambeali"}, ["cdi"] = {"Chodri"}, ["cdj"] = {"Churahi"}, ["cdm"] = {"Chepang"}, ["cdn"] = {"Chaudangsi"}, ["cdo"] = {"Min Dong Chinese"}, ["cdr"] = {"Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"}, ["cds"] = {"Chadian Sign Language"}, ["cdy"] = {"Chadong"}, ["cdz"] = {"Koda"}, ["cea"] = {"Lower Chehalis"}, ["ceb"] = {"Cebuano"}, ["ceg"] = {"Chamacoco"}, ["cek"] = {"Eastern Khumi Chin"}, ["cel"] = {"Celtic languages"}, ["cen"] = {"Cen"}, ["cet"] = {"Centúúm"}, ["cey"] = {"Ekai Chin"}, ["cfa"] = {"Dijim-Bwilim"}, ["cfd"] = {"Cara"}, ["cfg"] = {"Como Karim"}, ["cfm"] = {"Falam Chin"}, ["cga"] = {"Changriwa"}, ["cgc"] = {"Kagayanen"}, ["cgg"] = {"Chiga"}, ["cgk"] = {"Chocangacakha"}, ["chb"] = {"Chibcha"}, ["chc"] = {"Catawba"}, ["chd"] = {"Highland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["chf"] = {"Tabasco Chontal"}, ["chg"] = {"Цагадайн"}, ["chh"] = {"Chinook"}, ["chj"] = {"Ojitlán Chinantec"}, ["chk"] = {"Chuukese"}, ["chl"] = {"Cahuilla"}, ["chm"] = {"Mari (Russia)"}, ["chn"] = {"Chinook jargon"}, ["cho"] = {"Choctaw"}, ["chp"] = {"Chipewyan", "Dene Suline"}, ["chq"] = {"Quiotepec Chinantec"}, ["chr"] = {"Cherokee"}, ["cht"] = {"Cholón"}, ["chw"] = {"Chuwabu"}, ["chx"] = {"Chantyal"}, ["chy"] = {"Cheyenne"}, ["chz"] = {"Ozumacín Chinantec"}, ["cia"] = {"Cia-Cia"}, ["cib"] = {"Ci Gbe"}, ["cic"] = {"Chickasaw"}, ["cid"] = {"Chimariko"}, ["cie"] = {"Cineni"}, ["cih"] = {"Chinali"}, ["cik"] = {"Chitkuli Kinnauri"}, ["cim"] = {"Cimbrian"}, ["cin"] = {"Cinta Larga"}, ["cip"] = {"Chiapanec"}, ["cir"] = {"Tiri", "Haméa", "Méa"}, ["ciw"] = {"Chippewa"}, ["ciy"] = {"Chaima"}, ["cja"] = {"Western Cham"}, ["cje"] = {"Chru"}, ["cjh"] = {"Upper Chehalis"}, ["cji"] = {"Chamalal"}, ["cjk"] = {"Chokwe"}, ["cjm"] = {"Eastern Cham"}, ["cjn"] = {"Chenapian"}, ["cjo"] = {"Ashéninka Pajonal"}, ["cjp"] = {"Cabécar"}, ["cjs"] = {"Shor"}, ["cjv"] = {"Chuave"}, ["cjy"] = {"Jinyu Chinese"}, ["ckb"] = {"Central Kurdish"}, ["ckh"] = {"Chak"}, ["ckl"] = {"Cibak"}, ["ckm"] = {"Chakavian"}, ["ckn"] = {"Kaang Chin"}, ["cko"] = {"Anufo"}, ["ckq"] = {"Kajakse"}, ["ckr"] = {"Kairak"}, ["cks"] = {"Tayo"}, ["ckt"] = {"Чукот"}, ["cku"] = {"Koasati"}, ["ckv"] = {"Kavalan"}, ["ckx"] = {"Caka"}, ["cky"] = {"Cakfem-Mushere"}, ["ckz"] = {"Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"}, ["cla"] = {"Ron"}, ["clc"] = {"Chilcotin"}, ["cld"] = {"Chaldean Neo-Aramaic"}, ["cle"] = {"Lealao Chinantec"}, ["clh"] = {"Chilisso"}, ["cli"] = {"Chakali"}, ["clj"] = {"Laitu Chin"}, ["clk"] = {"Idu-Mishmi"}, ["cll"] = {"Chala"}, ["clm"] = {"Clallam"}, ["clo"] = {"Lowland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["clt"] = {"Lautu Chin"}, ["clu"] = {"Caluyanun"}, ["clw"] = {"Chulym"}, ["cly"] = {"Eastern Highland Chatino"}, ["cma"] = {"Maa"}, ["cmc"] = {"Chamic languages"}, ["cme"] = {"Cerma"}, ["cmg"] = {"Classical Mongolian"}, ["cmi"] = {"Emberá-Chamí"}, ["cml"] = {"Campalagian"}, ["cmm"] = {"Michigamea"}, ["cmn"] = {"Умард Хятад"}, ["cmo"] = {"Central Mnong"}, ["cmr"] = {"Mro-Khimi Chin"}, ["cms"] = {"Messapic"}, ["cmt"] = {"Camtho"}, ["cna"] = {"Changthang"}, ["cnb"] = {"Chinbon Chin"}, ["cnc"] = {"Côông"}, ["cng"] = {"Northern Qiang"}, ["cnh"] = {"Hakha Chin", "Haka Chin"}, ["cni"] = {"Asháninka"}, ["cnk"] = {"Khumi Chin"}, ["cnl"] = {"Lalana Chinantec"}, ["cno"] = {"Con"}, ["cnp"] = {"Northern Ping Chinese", "Northern Pinghua"}, ["cnr"] = {"Монтенегро"}, ["cns"] = {"Central Asmat"}, ["cnt"] = {"Tepetotutla Chinantec"}, ["cnu"] = {"Chenoua"}, ["cnw"] = {"Ngawn Chin"}, ["cnx"] = {"Middle Cornish"}, ["coa"] = {"Кокос Арлуудын Малай"}, ["cob"] = {"Chicomuceltec"}, ["coc"] = {"Cocopa"}, ["cod"] = {"Cocama-Cocamilla"}, ["coe"] = {"Koreguaje"}, ["cof"] = {"Colorado"}, ["cog"] = {"Chong"}, ["coh"] = {"Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma", "Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"}, ["coj"] = {"Cochimi"}, ["cok"] = {"Santa Teresa Cora"}, ["col"] = {"Columbia-Wenatchi"}, ["com"] = {"Comanche"}, ["con"] = {"Cofán"}, ["coo"] = {"Comox"}, ["cop"] = {"Coptic"}, ["coq"] = {"Coquille"}, ["cot"] = {"Caquinte"}, ["cou"] = {"Wamey"}, ["cov"] = {"Cao Miao"}, ["cow"] = {"Cowlitz"}, ["cox"] = {"Nanti"}, ["coz"] = {"Chochotec"}, ["cpa"] = {"Palantla Chinantec"}, ["cpb"] = {"Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"}, ["cpc"] = {"Ajyíninka Apurucayali"}, ["cpe"] = {"English-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpf"] = {"French-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpg"] = {"Cappadocian Greek"}, ["cpi"] = {"Chinese Pidgin English"}, ["cpn"] = {"Cherepon"}, ["cpo"] = {"Kpeego"}, ["cpp"] = {"Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cps"] = {"Capiznon"}, ["cpu"] = {"Pichis Ashéninka"}, ["cpx"] = {"Pu-Xian Chinese"}, ["cpy"] = {"South Ucayali Ashéninka"}, ["cqd"] = {"Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"}, ["cra"] = {"Chara"}, ["crb"] = {"Island Carib"}, ["crc"] = {"Lonwolwol"}, ["crd"] = {"Coeur d'Alene"}, ["crf"] = {"Caramanta"}, ["crg"] = {"Michif"}, ["crh"] = {"Крымын татар"}, ["cri"] = {"Sãotomense"}, ["crj"] = {"Southern East Cree"}, ["crk"] = {"Plains Cree"}, ["crl"] = {"Northern East Cree"}, ["crm"] = {"Moose Cree"}, ["crn"] = {"El Nayar Cora"}, ["cro"] = {"Crow"}, ["crp"] = {"Creoles and pidgins"}, ["crq"] = {"Iyo'wujwa Chorote"}, ["crr"] = {"Carolina Algonquian"}, ["crs"] = {"Seselwa Creole French"}, ["crt"] = {"Iyojwa'ja Chorote"}, ["crv"] = {"Chaura"}, ["crw"] = {"Chrau"}, ["crx"] = {"Carrier"}, ["cry"] = {"Cori"}, ["crz"] = {"Cruzeño"}, ["csa"] = {"Chiltepec Chinantec"}, ["csb"] = {"Kashubian"}, ["csc"] = {"Catalan Sign Language", "Lengua de señas catalana", "Llengua de Signes Catalana"}, ["csd"] = {"Chiangmai Sign Language"}, ["cse"] = {"Czech Sign Language"}, ["csf"] = {"Cuba Sign Language"}, ["csg"] = {"Chilean Sign Language"}, ["csh"] = {"Asho Chin"}, ["csi"] = {"Coast Miwok"}, ["csj"] = {"Songlai Chin"}, ["csk"] = {"Jola-Kasa"}, ["csl"] = {"Chinese Sign Language"}, ["csm"] = {"Central Sierra Miwok"}, ["csn"] = {"Colombian Sign Language"}, ["cso"] = {"Sochiapam Chinantec", "Sochiapan Chinantec"}, ["csp"] = {"Southern Ping Chinese", "Southern Pinghua"}, ["csq"] = {"Croatia Sign Language"}, ["csr"] = {"Costa Rican Sign Language"}, ["css"] = {"Southern Ohlone"}, ["cst"] = {"Northern Ohlone"}, ["csu"] = {"Central Sudanic languages"}, ["csv"] = {"Sumtu Chin"}, ["csw"] = {"Swampy Cree"}, ["csx"] = {"Cambodian Sign Language"}, ["csy"] = {"Siyin Chin"}, ["csz"] = {"Coos"}, ["cta"] = {"Tataltepec Chatino"}, ["ctc"] = {"Chetco"}, ["ctd"] = {"Tedim Chin"}, ["cte"] = {"Tepinapa Chinantec"}, ["ctg"] = {"Chittagonian"}, ["cth"] = {"Thaiphum Chin"}, ["ctl"] = {"Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec"}, ["ctm"] = {"Chitimacha"}, ["ctn"] = {"Chhintange"}, ["cto"] = {"Emberá-Catío"}, ["ctp"] = {"Western Highland Chatino"}, ["cts"] = {"Northern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["ctt"] = {"Wayanad Chetti"}, ["ctu"] = {"Chol"}, ["cty"] = {"Moundadan Chetty"}, ["ctz"] = {"Zacatepec Chatino"}, ["cua"] = {"Cua"}, ["cub"] = {"Cubeo"}, ["cuc"] = {"Usila Chinantec"}, ["cug"] = {"Chungmboko", "Cung"}, ["cuh"] = {"Chuka", "Gichuka"}, ["cui"] = {"Cuiba"}, ["cuj"] = {"Mashco Piro"}, ["cuk"] = {"San Blas Kuna"}, ["cul"] = {"Culina", "Kulina"}, ["cuo"] = {"Cumanagoto"}, ["cup"] = {"Cupeño"}, ["cuq"] = {"Cun"}, ["cur"] = {"Chhulung"}, ["cus"] = {"Cushitic languages"}, ["cut"] = {"Teutila Cuicatec"}, ["cuu"] = {"Tai Ya"}, ["cuv"] = {"Cuvok"}, ["cuw"] = {"Chukwa"}, ["cux"] = {"Tepeuxila Cuicatec"}, ["cuy"] = {"Cuitlatec"}, ["cvg"] = {"Chug"}, ["cvn"] = {"Valle Nacional Chinantec"}, ["cwa"] = {"Kabwa"}, ["cwb"] = {"Maindo"}, ["cwd"] = {"Woods Cree"}, ["cwe"] = {"Kwere"}, ["cwg"] = {"Chewong", "Cheq Wong"}, ["cwt"] = {"Kuwaataay"}, ["cya"] = {"Nopala Chatino"}, ["cyb"] = {"Cayubaba"}, ["cyo"] = {"Cuyonon"}, ["czh"] = {"Huizhou Chinese"}, ["czk"] = {"Knaanic"}, ["czn"] = {"Zenzontepec Chatino"}, ["czo"] = {"Min Zhong Chinese"}, ["czt"] = {"Zotung Chin"}, ["daa"] = {"Dangaléat"}, ["dac"] = {"Dambi"}, ["dad"] = {"Marik"}, ["dae"] = {"Duupa"}, ["dag"] = {"Dagbani"}, ["dah"] = {"Gwahatike"}, ["dai"] = {"Day"}, ["daj"] = {"Dar Fur Daju"}, ["dak"] = {"Дакота"}, ["dal"] = {"Dahalo"}, ["dam"] = {"Damakawa"}, ["dao"] = {"Daai Chin"}, ["daq"] = {"Dandami Maria"}, ["dar"] = {"Дарган"}, ["das"] = {"Daho-Doo"}, ["dau"] = {"Dar Sila Daju"}, ["dav"] = {"Taita", "Dawida"}, ["daw"] = {"Davawenyo"}, ["dax"] = {"Dayi"}, ["day"] = {"Land Dayak languages"}, ["daz"] = {"Dao"}, ["dba"] = {"Bangime"}, ["dbb"] = {"Deno"}, ["dbd"] = {"Dadiya"}, ["dbe"] = {"Dabe"}, ["dbf"] = {"Edopi"}, ["dbg"] = {"Dogul Dom Dogon"}, ["dbi"] = {"Doka"}, ["dbj"] = {"Ida'an"}, ["dbl"] = {"Dyirbal"}, ["dbm"] = {"Duguri"}, ["dbn"] = {"Duriankere"}, ["dbo"] = {"Dulbu"}, ["dbp"] = {"Duwai"}, ["dbq"] = {"Daba"}, ["dbr"] = {"Dabarre"}, ["dbt"] = {"Ben Tey Dogon"}, ["dbu"] = {"Bondum Dom Dogon"}, ["dbv"] = {"Dungu"}, ["dbw"] = {"Bankan Tey Dogon"}, ["dby"] = {"Dibiyaso"}, ["dcc"] = {"Deccan"}, ["dcr"] = {"Negerhollands"}, ["dda"] = {"Dadi Dadi"}, ["ddd"] = {"Dongotono"}, ["dde"] = {"Doondo"}, ["ddg"] = {"Fataluku"}, ["ddi"] = {"West Goodenough"}, ["ddj"] = {"Jaru"}, ["ddn"] = {"Dendi (Benin)"}, ["ddo"] = {"Dido"}, ["ddr"] = {"Dhudhuroa"}, ["dds"] = {"Donno So Dogon"}, ["ddw"] = {"Dawera-Daweloor"}, ["dec"] = {"Dagik"}, ["ded"] = {"Dedua"}, ["dee"] = {"Dewoin"}, ["def"] = {"Dezfuli"}, ["deg"] = {"Degema"}, ["deh"] = {"Dehwari"}, ["dei"] = {"Demisa"}, ["dek"] = {"Dek"}, ["del"] = {"Delaware"}, ["dem"] = {"Dem"}, ["den"] = {"Слави (Атабаска)"}, ["dep"] = {"Pidgin Delaware"}, ["deq"] = {"Dendi (Central African Republic)"}, ["der"] = {"Deori"}, ["des"] = {"Desano"}, ["dev"] = {"Domung"}, ["dez"] = {"Dengese"}, ["dga"] = {"Southern Dagaare"}, ["dgb"] = {"Bunoge Dogon"}, ["dgc"] = {"Casiguran Dumagat Agta"}, ["dgd"] = {"Dagaari Dioula"}, ["dge"] = {"Degenan"}, ["dgg"] = {"Doga"}, ["dgh"] = {"Dghwede"}, ["dgi"] = {"Northern Dagara"}, ["dgk"] = {"Dagba"}, ["dgl"] = {"Andaandi", "Dongolawi"}, ["dgn"] = {"Dagoman"}, ["dgo"] = {"Dogri (individual language)"}, ["dgr"] = {"Dogrib", "Tłı̨chǫ"}, ["dgs"] = {"Dogoso"}, ["dgt"] = {"Ndra'ngith"}, ["dgw"] = {"Daungwurrung"}, ["dgx"] = {"Doghoro"}, ["dgz"] = {"Daga"}, ["dhd"] = {"Dhundari"}, ["dhg"] = {"Dhangu-Djangu", "Dhangu", "Djangu"}, ["dhi"] = {"Dhimal"}, ["dhl"] = {"Dhalandji"}, ["dhm"] = {"Zemba"}, ["dhn"] = {"Dhanki"}, ["dho"] = {"Dhodia"}, ["dhr"] = {"Dhargari"}, ["dhs"] = {"Dhaiso"}, ["dhu"] = {"Dhurga"}, ["dhv"] = {"Dehu", "Drehu"}, ["dhw"] = {"Dhanwar (Nepal)"}, ["dhx"] = {"Dhungaloo"}, ["dia"] = {"Dia"}, ["dib"] = {"South Central Dinka"}, ["dic"] = {"Lakota Dida"}, ["did"] = {"Didinga"}, ["dif"] = {"Dieri", "Diyari"}, ["dig"] = {"Digo", "Chidigo"}, ["dih"] = {"Kumiai"}, ["dii"] = {"Dimbong"}, ["dij"] = {"Dai"}, ["dik"] = {"Southwestern Dinka"}, ["dil"] = {"Dilling"}, ["dim"] = {"Dime"}, ["din"] = {"Dinka"}, ["dio"] = {"Dibo"}, ["dip"] = {"Northeastern Dinka"}, ["diq"] = {"Dimli (individual language)"}, ["dir"] = {"Dirim"}, ["dis"] = {"Dimasa"}, ["diu"] = {"Diriku"}, ["diw"] = {"Northwestern Dinka"}, ["dix"] = {"Dixon Reef"}, ["diy"] = {"Diuwe"}, ["diz"] = {"Ding"}, ["dja"] = {"Djadjawurrung"}, ["djb"] = {"Djinba"}, ["djc"] = {"Dar Daju Daju"}, ["djd"] = {"Djamindjung", "Ngaliwurru"}, ["dje"] = {"Zarma"}, ["djf"] = {"Djangun"}, ["dji"] = {"Djinang"}, ["djj"] = {"Djeebbana"}, ["djk"] = {"Eastern Maroon Creole", "Businenge Tongo", "Nenge"}, ["djm"] = {"Jamsay Dogon"}, ["djn"] = {"Jawoyn", "Djauan"}, ["djo"] = {"Jangkang"}, ["djr"] = {"Djambarrpuyngu"}, ["dju"] = {"Kapriman"}, ["djw"] = {"Djawi"}, ["dka"] = {"Dakpakha"}, ["dkg"] = {"Kadung"}, ["dkk"] = {"Dakka"}, ["dkr"] = {"Kuijau"}, ["dks"] = {"Southeastern Dinka"}, ["dkx"] = {"Mazagway"}, ["dlg"] = {"Dolgan"}, ["dlk"] = {"Dahalik"}, ["dlm"] = {"Dalmatian"}, ["dln"] = {"Darlong"}, ["dma"] = {"Duma"}, ["dmb"] = {"Mombo Dogon"}, ["dmc"] = {"Gavak"}, ["dmd"] = {"Madhi Madhi"}, ["dme"] = {"Dugwor"}, ["dmf"] = {"Medefaidrin"}, ["dmg"] = {"Upper Kinabatangan"}, ["dmk"] = {"Domaaki"}, ["dml"] = {"Dameli"}, ["dmm"] = {"Dama"}, ["dmn"] = {"Mande languages"}, ["dmo"] = {"Kemedzung"}, ["dmr"] = {"East Damar"}, ["dms"] = {"Dampelas"}, ["dmu"] = {"Dubu", "Tebi"}, ["dmv"] = {"Dumpas"}, ["dmw"] = {"Mudburra"}, ["dmx"] = {"Dema"}, ["dmy"] = {"Demta", "Sowari"}, ["dna"] = {"Upper Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnd"] = {"Daonda"}, ["dne"] = {"Ndendeule"}, ["dng"] = {"Dungan"}, ["dni"] = {"Lower Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnj"] = {"Dan"}, ["dnk"] = {"Dengka"}, ["dnn"] = {"Dzùùngoo"}, ["dno"] = {"Ndrulo", "Northern Lendu"}, ["dnr"] = {"Danaru"}, ["dnt"] = {"Mid Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnu"] = {"Danau"}, ["dnv"] = {"Danu"}, ["dnw"] = {"Western Dani"}, ["dny"] = {"Dení"}, ["doa"] = {"Dom"}, ["dob"] = {"Dobu"}, ["doc"] = {"Northern Dong"}, ["doe"] = {"Doe"}, ["dof"] = {"Domu"}, ["doh"] = {"Dong"}, ["doi"] = {"Dogri (macrolanguage)"}, ["dok"] = {"Dondo"}, ["dol"] = {"Doso"}, ["don"] = {"Toura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["doo"] = {"Dongo"}, ["dop"] = {"Lukpa"}, ["doq"] = {"Dominican Sign Language"}, ["dor"] = {"Dori'o"}, ["dos"] = {"Dogosé"}, ["dot"] = {"Dass"}, ["dov"] = {"Dombe"}, ["dow"] = {"Doyayo"}, ["dox"] = {"Bussa"}, ["doy"] = {"Dompo"}, ["doz"] = {"Dorze"}, ["dpp"] = {"Papar"}, ["dra"] = {"Dravidian languages"}, ["drb"] = {"Dair"}, ["drc"] = {"Minderico"}, ["drd"] = {"Darmiya"}, ["dre"] = {"Dolpo"}, ["drg"] = {"Rungus"}, ["dri"] = {"C'Lela"}, ["drl"] = {"Paakantyi"}, ["drn"] = {"West Damar"}, ["dro"] = {"Daro-Matu Melanau"}, ["drq"] = {"Dura"}, ["drs"] = {"Gedeo"}, ["drt"] = {"Drents"}, ["dru"] = {"Rukai"}, ["dry"] = {"Darai"}, ["dsb"] = {"Доод Сорб"}, ["dse"] = {"Dutch Sign Language"}, ["dsh"] = {"Daasanach"}, ["dsi"] = {"Disa"}, ["dsl"] = {"Danish Sign Language"}, ["dsn"] = {"Dusner"}, ["dso"] = {"Desiya"}, ["dsq"] = {"Tadaksahak"}, ["dta"] = {"Дагуур"}, ["dtb"] = {"Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"}, ["dtd"] = {"Ditidaht"}, ["dth"] = {"Adithinngithigh"}, ["dti"] = {"Ana Tinga Dogon"}, ["dtk"] = {"Tene Kan Dogon"}, ["dtm"] = {"Tomo Kan Dogon"}, ["dtn"] = {"Daatsʼíin"}, ["dto"] = {"Tommo So Dogon"}, ["dtp"] = {"Kadazan Dusun", "Central Dusun"}, ["dtr"] = {"Lotud"}, ["dts"] = {"Toro So Dogon"}, ["dtt"] = {"Toro Tegu Dogon"}, ["dtu"] = {"Tebul Ure Dogon"}, ["dty"] = {"Dotyali"}, ["dua"] = {"Duala"}, ["dub"] = {"Dubli"}, ["duc"] = {"Duna"}, ["due"] = {"Umiray Dumaget Agta"}, ["duf"] = {"Dumbea", "Drubea"}, ["dug"] = {"Duruma", "Chiduruma"}, ["duh"] = {"Dungra Bhil"}, ["dui"] = {"Dumun"}, ["duk"] = {"Uyajitaya"}, ["dul"] = {"Alabat Island Agta"}, ["dum"] = {"Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)"}, ["dun"] = {"Dusun Deyah"}, ["duo"] = {"Dupaninan Agta"}, ["dup"] = {"Duano"}, ["duq"] = {"Dusun Malang"}, ["dur"] = {"Dii"}, ["dus"] = {"Dumi"}, ["duu"] = {"Drung"}, ["duv"] = {"Duvle"}, ["duw"] = {"Dusun Witu"}, ["dux"] = {"Duungooma"}, ["duy"] = {"Dicamay Agta"}, ["duz"] = {"Duli-Gey"}, ["dva"] = {"Duau"}, ["dwa"] = {"Diri"}, ["dwk"] = {"Dawik Kui"}, ["dwr"] = {"Dawro"}, ["dws"] = {"Dutton World Speedwords"}, ["dwu"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dww"] = {"Dawawa"}, ["dwy"] = {"Dhuwaya"}, ["dwz"] = {"Dewas Rai"}, ["dya"] = {"Dyan"}, ["dyb"] = {"Dyaberdyaber"}, ["dyd"] = {"Dyugun"}, ["dyg"] = {"Villa Viciosa Agta"}, ["dyi"] = {"Djimini Senoufo"}, ["dym"] = {"Yanda Dom Dogon"}, ["dyn"] = {"Dyangadi", "Dhanggatti"}, ["dyo"] = {"Jola-Fonyi"}, ["dyu"] = {"Дьюла"}, ["dyy"] = {"Djabugay", "Dyaabugay"}, ["dza"] = {"Tunzu"}, ["dze"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dzg"] = {"Dazaga"}, ["dzl"] = {"Dzalakha"}, ["dzn"] = {"Dzando"}, ["eaa"] = {"Karenggapa"}, ["ebc"] = {"Beginci"}, ["ebg"] = {"Ebughu"}, ["ebk"] = {"Eastern Bontok"}, ["ebo"] = {"Teke-Ebo"}, ["ebr"] = {"Ebrié"}, ["ebu"] = {"Embu", "Kiembu"}, ["ecr"] = {"Eteocretan"}, ["ecs"] = {"Ecuadorian Sign Language"}, ["ecy"] = {"Eteocypriot"}, ["eee"] = {"E"}, ["efa"] = {"Efai"}, ["efe"] = {"Efe"}, ["efi"] = {"Efik"}, ["ega"] = {"Ega"}, ["egl"] = {"Эмиль"}, ["ego"] = {"Eggon"}, ["egx"] = {"Egyptian languages"}, ["egy"] = {"Egyptian (Ancient)"}, ["ehs"] = {"Miyakubo Sign Language"}, ["ehu"] = {"Ehueun"}, ["eip"] = {"Eipomek"}, ["eit"] = {"Eitiep"}, ["eiv"] = {"Askopan"}, ["eja"] = {"Ejamat"}, ["eka"] = {"Ekajuk"}, ["eke"] = {"Ekit"}, ["ekg"] = {"Ekari"}, ["eki"] = {"Eki"}, ["ekk"] = {"Standard Estonian"}, ["ekl"] = {"Kol (Bangladesh)", "Kol"}, ["ekm"] = {"Elip"}, ["eko"] = {"Koti"}, ["ekp"] = {"Ekpeye"}, ["ekr"] = {"Yace"}, ["eky"] = {"Eastern Kayah"}, ["ele"] = {"Elepi"}, ["elh"] = {"El Hugeirat"}, ["eli"] = {"Nding"}, ["elk"] = {"Elkei"}, ["elm"] = {"Eleme"}, ["elo"] = {"El Molo"}, ["elu"] = {"Elu"}, ["elx"] = {"Elamite"}, ["ema"] = {"Emai-Iuleha-Ora"}, ["emb"] = {"Embaloh"}, ["eme"] = {"Emerillon"}, ["emg"] = {"Eastern Meohang"}, ["emi"] = {"Mussau-Emira"}, ["emk"] = {"Зүүн Манинкакан"}, ["emm"] = {"Mamulique"}, ["emn"] = {"Eman"}, ["emp"] = {"Northern Emberá"}, ["emq"] = {"Eastern Minyag"}, ["ems"] = {"Pacific Gulf Yupik"}, ["emu"] = {"Eastern Muria"}, ["emw"] = {"Emplawas"}, ["emx"] = {"Erromintxela"}, ["emy"] = {"Epigraphic Mayan"}, ["emz"] = {"Mbessa"}, ["ena"] = {"Apali"}, ["enb"] = {"Markweeta"}, ["enc"] = {"En"}, ["end"] = {"Ende"}, ["enf"] = {"Forest Enets"}, ["enh"] = {"Tundra Enets"}, ["enl"] = {"Enlhet"}, ["enm"] = {"Дунд Англи (1100-1500)"}, ["enn"] = {"Engenni"}, ["eno"] = {"Enggano"}, ["enq"] = {"Enga"}, ["enr"] = {"Emumu", "Emem"}, ["enu"] = {"Enu"}, ["env"] = {"Enwan (Edu State)"}, ["enw"] = {"Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)"}, ["enx"] = {"Enxet"}, ["eot"] = {"Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["epi"] = {"Epie"}, ["era"] = {"Eravallan"}, ["erg"] = {"Sie"}, ["erh"] = {"Eruwa"}, ["eri"] = {"Ogea"}, ["erk"] = {"South Efate"}, ["ero"] = {"Horpa"}, ["err"] = {"Erre"}, ["ers"] = {"Ersu"}, ["ert"] = {"Eritai"}, ["erw"] = {"Erokwanas"}, ["ese"] = {"Ese Ejja"}, ["esg"] = {"Aheri Gondi"}, ["esh"] = {"Eshtehardi"}, ["esi"] = {"North Alaskan Inupiatun"}, ["esk"] = {"Northwest Alaska Inupiatun"}, ["esl"] = {"Egypt Sign Language"}, ["esm"] = {"Esuma"}, ["esn"] = {"Salvadoran Sign Language"}, ["eso"] = {"Estonian Sign Language"}, ["esq"] = {"Esselen"}, ["ess"] = {"Central Siberian Yupik"}, ["esu"] = {"Central Yupik"}, ["esx"] = {"Eskimo-Aleut languages"}, ["esy"] = {"Eskayan"}, ["etb"] = {"Etebi"}, ["etc"] = {"Etchemin"}, ["eth"] = {"Ethiopian Sign Language"}, ["etn"] = {"Eton (Vanuatu)"}, ["eto"] = {"Eton (Cameroon)"}, ["etr"] = {"Edolo"}, ["ets"] = {"Yekhee"}, ["ett"] = {"Etruscan"}, ["etu"] = {"Ejagham"}, ["etx"] = {"Eten"}, ["etz"] = {"Semimi"}, ["euq"] = {"Basque (family)"}, ["eve"] = {"Even"}, ["evh"] = {"Uvbie"}, ["evn"] = {"Хамниган"}, ["ewo"] = {"Ewondo"}, ["ext"] = {"Extremaduran"}, ["eya"] = {"Eyak"}, ["eyo"] = {"Keiyo"}, ["eza"] = {"Ezaa"}, ["eze"] = {"Uzekwe"}, ["faa"] = {"Fasu"}, ["fab"] = {"Fa d'Ambu"}, ["fad"] = {"Wagi"}, ["faf"] = {"Fagani"}, ["fag"] = {"Finongan"}, ["fah"] = {"Baissa Fali"}, ["fai"] = {"Faiwol"}, ["faj"] = {"Faita"}, ["fak"] = {"Fang (Cameroon)"}, ["fal"] = {"South Fali"}, ["fam"] = {"Fam"}, ["fan"] = {"Fang (Equatorial Guinea)"}, ["fap"] = {"Paloor"}, ["far"] = {"Fataleka"}, ["fat"] = {"Fanti"}, ["fau"] = {"Fayu"}, ["fax"] = {"Fala"}, ["fay"] = {"Southwestern Fars"}, ["faz"] = {"Northwestern Fars"}, ["fbl"] = {"West Albay Bikol"}, ["fcs"] = {"Quebec Sign Language"}, ["fer"] = {"Feroge"}, ["ffi"] = {"Foia Foia"}, ["ffm"] = {"Maasina Fulfulde"}, ["fgr"] = {"Fongoro"}, ["fia"] = {"Nobiin"}, ["fie"] = {"Fyer"}, ["fif"] = {"Faifi"}, ["fil"] = {"Филиппин", "Пилипино"}, ["fip"] = {"Fipa"}, ["fir"] = {"Firan"}, ["fit"] = {"Tornedalen Finnish"}, ["fiu"] = {"Finno-Ugrian languages"}, ["fiw"] = {"Fiwaga"}, ["fkk"] = {"Kirya-Konzəl"}, ["fkv"] = {"Kven Finnish"}, ["fla"] = {"Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille"}, ["flh"] = {"Foau"}, ["fli"] = {"Fali"}, ["fll"] = {"North Fali"}, ["fln"] = {"Flinders Island"}, ["flr"] = {"Fuliiru"}, ["fly"] = {"Flaaitaal", "Tsotsitaal"}, ["fmp"] = {"Fe'fe'"}, ["fmu"] = {"Far Western Muria"}, ["fnb"] = {"Fanbak"}, ["fng"] = {"Fanagalo"}, ["fni"] = {"Fania"}, ["fod"] = {"Foodo"}, ["foi"] = {"Foi"}, ["fom"] = {"Foma"}, ["fon"] = {"Fon"}, ["for"] = {"Fore"}, ["fos"] = {"Siraya"}, ["fox"] = {"Formosan languages"}, ["fpe"] = {"Fernando Po Creole English"}, ["fqs"] = {"Fas"}, ["frc"] = {"Cajun French"}, ["frd"] = {"Fordata"}, ["frk"] = {"Frankish"}, ["frm"] = {"Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)"}, ["fro"] = {"Old French (842-ca. 1400)"}, ["frp"] = {"Arpitan", "Francoprovençal"}, ["frq"] = {"Forak"}, ["frr"] = {"Хойд Фриз"}, ["frs"] = {"Зүүн Фриз"}, ["frt"] = {"Fortsenal"}, ["fse"] = {"Finnish Sign Language"}, ["fsl"] = {"French Sign Language"}, ["fss"] = {"Finland-Swedish Sign Language", "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk", "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli"}, ["fub"] = {"Adamawa Fulfulde"}, ["fuc"] = {"Pulaar"}, ["fud"] = {"East Futuna"}, ["fue"] = {"Borgu Fulfulde"}, ["fuf"] = {"Пулар"}, ["fuh"] = {"Western Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fui"] = {"Bagirmi Fulfulde"}, ["fuj"] = {"Ko"}, ["fum"] = {"Fum"}, ["fun"] = {"Fulniô"}, ["fuq"] = {"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fur"] = {"Friulian"}, ["fut"] = {"Futuna-Aniwa"}, ["fuu"] = {"Furu"}, ["fuv"] = {"Nigerian Fulfulde"}, ["fuy"] = {"Fuyug"}, ["fvr"] = {"Fur"}, ["fwa"] = {"Fwâi"}, ["fwe"] = {"Fwe"}, ["gaa"] = {"Ga"}, ["gab"] = {"Gabri"}, ["gac"] = {"Mixed Great Andamanese"}, ["gad"] = {"Gaddang"}, ["gae"] = {"Guarequena"}, ["gaf"] = {"Gende"}, ["gag"] = {"Гагауз"}, ["gah"] = {"Alekano"}, ["gai"] = {"Borei"}, ["gaj"] = {"Gadsup"}, ["gak"] = {"Gamkonora"}, ["gal"] = {"Galolen"}, ["gam"] = {"Kandawo"}, ["gan"] = {"Gan Chinese"}, ["gao"] = {"Gants"}, ["gap"] = {"Gal"}, ["gaq"] = {"Gata'"}, ["gar"] = {"Galeya"}, ["gas"] = {"Adiwasi Garasia"}, ["gat"] = {"Kenati"}, ["gau"] = {"Mudhili Gadaba"}, ["gaw"] = {"Nobonob"}, ["gax"] = {"Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo"}, ["gay"] = {"Gayo"}, ["gaz"] = {"West Central Oromo"}, ["gba"] = {"Gbaya (Central African Republic)"}, ["gbb"] = {"Kaytetye"}, ["gbd"] = {"Karajarri"}, ["gbe"] = {"Niksek"}, ["gbf"] = {"Gaikundi"}, ["gbg"] = {"Gbanziri"}, ["gbh"] = {"Defi Gbe"}, ["gbi"] = {"Galela"}, ["gbj"] = {"Bodo Gadaba"}, ["gbk"] = {"Gaddi"}, ["gbl"] = {"Gamit"}, ["gbm"] = {"Garhwali"}, ["gbn"] = {"Mo'da"}, ["gbo"] = {"Northern Grebo"}, ["gbp"] = {"Gbaya-Bossangoa"}, ["gbq"] = {"Gbaya-Bozoum"}, ["gbr"] = {"Gbagyi"}, ["gbs"] = {"Gbesi Gbe"}, ["gbu"] = {"Gagadu"}, ["gbv"] = {"Gbanu"}, ["gbw"] = {"Gabi-Gabi"}, ["gbx"] = {"Eastern Xwla Gbe"}, ["gby"] = {"Gbari"}, ["gbz"] = {"Zoroastrian Dari"}, ["gcc"] = {"Mali"}, ["gcd"] = {"Ganggalida"}, ["gce"] = {"Galice"}, ["gcf"] = {"Guadeloupean Creole French"}, ["gcl"] = {"Grenadian Creole English"}, ["gcn"] = {"Gaina"}, ["gcr"] = {"Гвианын Креол Франц"}, ["gct"] = {"Colonia Tovar German"}, ["gda"] = {"Gade Lohar"}, ["gdb"] = {"Pottangi Ollar Gadaba"}, ["gdc"] = {"Gugu Badhun"}, ["gdd"] = {"Gedaged"}, ["gde"] = {"Gude"}, ["gdf"] = {"Guduf-Gava"}, ["gdg"] = {"Ga'dang"}, ["gdh"] = {"Gadjerawang", "Gajirrabeng"}, ["gdi"] = {"Gundi"}, ["gdj"] = {"Gurdjar"}, ["gdk"] = {"Gadang"}, ["gdl"] = {"Dirasha"}, ["gdm"] = {"Laal"}, ["gdn"] = {"Umanakaina"}, ["gdo"] = {"Ghodoberi"}, ["gdq"] = {"Mehri"}, ["gdr"] = {"Wipi"}, ["gds"] = {"Ghandruk Sign Language"}, ["gdt"] = {"Kungardutyi"}, ["gdu"] = {"Gudu"}, ["gdx"] = {"Godwari"}, ["gea"] = {"Geruma"}, ["geb"] = {"Kire"}, ["gec"] = {"Gboloo Grebo"}, ["ged"] = {"Gade"}, ["gef"] = {"Gerai"}, ["geg"] = {"Gengle"}, ["geh"] = {"Hutterite German", "Hutterisch"}, ["gei"] = {"Gebe"}, ["gej"] = {"Gen"}, ["gek"] = {"Ywom"}, ["gel"] = {"ut-Ma'in"}, ["gem"] = {"Germanic languages"}, ["geq"] = {"Geme"}, ["ges"] = {"Geser-Gorom"}, ["gev"] = {"Eviya"}, ["gew"] = {"Gera"}, ["gex"] = {"Garre"}, ["gey"] = {"Enya"}, ["gez"] = {"Geez"}, ["gfk"] = {"Patpatar"}, ["gft"] = {"Gafat"}, ["gga"] = {"Gao"}, ["ggb"] = {"Gbii"}, ["ggd"] = {"Gugadj"}, ["gge"] = {"Gurr-goni"}, ["ggg"] = {"Gurgula"}, ["ggk"] = {"Kungarakany"}, ["ggl"] = {"Ganglau"}, ["ggt"] = {"Gitua"}, ["ggu"] = {"Gagu", "Gban"}, ["ggw"] = {"Gogodala"}, ["gha"] = {"Ghadamès"}, ["ghc"] = {"Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic"}, ["ghe"] = {"Southern Ghale"}, ["ghh"] = {"Northern Ghale"}, ["ghk"] = {"Geko Karen"}, ["ghl"] = {"Ghulfan"}, ["ghn"] = {"Ghanongga"}, ["gho"] = {"Ghomara"}, ["ghr"] = {"Ghera"}, ["ghs"] = {"Guhu-Samane"}, ["ght"] = {"Kuke", "Kutang Ghale"}, ["gia"] = {"Kija"}, ["gib"] = {"Gibanawa"}, ["gic"] = {"Gail"}, ["gid"] = {"Gidar"}, ["gie"] = {"Gaɓogbo", "Guébie"}, ["gig"] = {"Goaria"}, ["gih"] = {"Githabul"}, ["gii"] = {"Girirra"}, ["gil"] = {"Гильберт"}, ["gim"] = {"Gimi (Eastern Highlands)"}, ["gin"] = {"Hinukh"}, ["gip"] = {"Gimi (West New Britain)"}, ["giq"] = {"Green Gelao"}, ["gir"] = {"Red Gelao"}, ["gis"] = {"North Giziga"}, ["git"] = {"Gitxsan"}, ["giu"] = {"Mulao"}, ["giw"] = {"White Gelao"}, ["gix"] = {"Gilima"}, ["giy"] = {"Giyug"}, ["giz"] = {"South Giziga"}, ["gjk"] = {"Kachi Koli"}, ["gjm"] = {"Gunditjmara"}, ["gjn"] = {"Gonja"}, ["gjr"] = {"Gurindji Kriol"}, ["gju"] = {"Gujari"}, ["gka"] = {"Guya"}, ["gkd"] = {"Magɨ (Madang Province)"}, ["gke"] = {"Ndai"}, ["gkn"] = {"Gokana"}, ["gko"] = {"Kok-Nar"}, ["gkp"] = {"Guinea Kpelle"}, ["gku"] = {"ǂUngkue"}, ["glb"] = {"Belning"}, ["glc"] = {"Bon Gula"}, ["gld"] = {"Nanai"}, ["glh"] = {"Northwest Pashai", "Northwest Pashayi"}, ["glj"] = {"Gula Iro"}, ["glk"] = {"Gilaki"}, ["gll"] = {"Garlali"}, ["glo"] = {"Galambu"}, ["glr"] = {"Glaro-Twabo"}, ["glu"] = {"Gula (Chad)"}, ["glw"] = {"Glavda"}, ["gly"] = {"Gule"}, ["gma"] = {"Gambera"}, ["gmb"] = {"Gula'alaa"}, ["gmd"] = {"Mághdì"}, ["gme"] = {"East Germanic languages"}, ["gmg"] = {"Magɨyi"}, ["gmh"] = {"Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)"}, ["gml"] = {"Middle Low German"}, ["gmm"] = {"Gbaya-Mbodomo"}, ["gmn"] = {"Gimnime"}, ["gmq"] = {"North Germanic languages"}, ["gmr"] = {"Mirning", "Mirniny"}, ["gmu"] = {"Gumalu"}, ["gmv"] = {"Gamo"}, ["gmw"] = {"West Germanic languages"}, ["gmx"] = {"Magoma"}, ["gmy"] = {"Mycenaean Greek"}, ["gmz"] = {"Mgbolizhia"}, ["gna"] = {"Kaansa"}, ["gnb"] = {"Gangte"}, ["gnc"] = {"Guanche"}, ["gnd"] = {"Zulgo-Gemzek"}, ["gne"] = {"Ganang"}, ["gng"] = {"Ngangam"}, ["gnh"] = {"Lere"}, ["gni"] = {"Gooniyandi"}, ["gnj"] = {"Ngen"}, ["gnk"] = {"ǁGana"}, ["gnl"] = {"Gangulu"}, ["gnm"] = {"Ginuman"}, ["gnn"] = {"Gumatj"}, ["gno"] = {"Northern Gondi"}, ["gnq"] = {"Gana"}, ["gnr"] = {"Gureng Gureng"}, ["gnt"] = {"Guntai"}, ["gnu"] = {"Gnau"}, ["gnw"] = {"Western Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["gnz"] = {"Ganzi"}, ["goa"] = {"Guro"}, ["gob"] = {"Playero"}, ["goc"] = {"Gorakor"}, ["god"] = {"Godié"}, ["goe"] = {"Gongduk"}, ["gof"] = {"Gofa"}, ["gog"] = {"Gogo"}, ["goh"] = {"Old High German (ca. 750-1050)"}, ["goi"] = {"Gobasi"}, ["goj"] = {"Gowlan"}, ["gok"] = {"Gowli"}, ["gol"] = {"Gola"}, ["gom"] = {"Goan Konkani"}, ["gon"] = {"Gondi"}, ["goo"] = {"Gone Dau"}, ["gop"] = {"Yeretuar"}, ["goq"] = {"Gorap"}, ["gor"] = {"Gorontalo"}, ["gos"] = {"Gronings"}, ["got"] = {"Gothic"}, ["gou"] = {"Gavar"}, ["gow"] = {"Gorowa"}, ["gox"] = {"Gobu"}, ["goy"] = {"Goundo"}, ["goz"] = {"Gozarkhani"}, ["gpa"] = {"Gupa-Abawa"}, ["gpe"] = {"Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, ["gpn"] = {"Taiap"}, ["gqa"] = {"Ga'anda"}, ["gqi"] = {"Guiqiong"}, ["gqn"] = {"Guana (Brazil)"}, ["gqr"] = {"Gor"}, ["gqu"] = {"Qau"}, ["gra"] = {"Rajput Garasia"}, ["grb"] = {"Grebo"}, ["grc"] = {"Эртний Грек"}, ["grd"] = {"Guruntum-Mbaaru"}, ["grg"] = {"Madi"}, ["grh"] = {"Gbiri-Niragu"}, ["gri"] = {"Ghari"}, ["grj"] = {"Southern Grebo"}, ["grk"] = {"Greek languages"}, ["grm"] = {"Kota Marudu Talantang"}, ["gro"] = {"Groma"}, ["grq"] = {"Gorovu"}, ["grr"] = {"Taznatit"}, ["grs"] = {"Gresi"}, ["grt"] = {"Garo"}, ["gru"] = {"Kistane"}, ["grv"] = {"Central Grebo"}, ["grw"] = {"Gweda"}, ["grx"] = {"Guriaso"}, ["gry"] = {"Barclayville Grebo"}, ["grz"] = {"Guramalum"}, ["gse"] = {"Ghanaian Sign Language"}, ["gsg"] = {"German Sign Language"}, ["gsl"] = {"Gusilay"}, ["gsm"] = {"Guatemalan Sign Language"}, ["gsn"] = {"Nema", "Gusan"}, ["gso"] = {"Southwest Gbaya"}, ["gsp"] = {"Wasembo"}, ["gss"] = {"Greek Sign Language"}, ["gsw"] = {"Швейцарын Герман", "Алеманн", "Эльзасын"}, ["gta"] = {"Guató"}, ["gtu"] = {"Aghu-Tharnggala"}, ["gua"] = {"Shiki"}, ["gub"] = {"Guajajára"}, ["guc"] = {"Wayuu"}, ["gud"] = {"Yocoboué Dida"}, ["gue"] = {"Gurindji"}, ["guf"] = {"Gupapuyngu"}, ["gug"] = {"Paraguayan Guaraní"}, ["guh"] = {"Guahibo"}, ["gui"] = {"Eastern Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["guk"] = {"Gumuz"}, ["gul"] = {"Sea Island Creole English"}, ["gum"] = {"Guambiano"}, ["gun"] = {"Mbyá Guaraní"}, ["guo"] = {"Guayabero"}, ["gup"] = {"Gunwinggu"}, ["guq"] = {"Aché"}, ["gur"] = {"Farefare"}, ["gus"] = {"Guinean Sign Language"}, ["gut"] = {"Maléku Jaíka"}, ["guu"] = {"Yanomamö"}, ["guw"] = {"Gun"}, ["gux"] = {"Gourmanchéma"}, ["guz"] = {"Gusii", "Ekegusii"}, ["gva"] = {"Guana (Paraguay)"}, ["gvc"] = {"Guanano"}, ["gve"] = {"Duwet"}, ["gvf"] = {"Golin"}, ["gvj"] = {"Guajá"}, ["gvl"] = {"Gulay"}, ["gvm"] = {"Gurmana"}, ["gvn"] = {"Kuku-Yalanji"}, ["gvo"] = {"Gavião Do Jiparaná"}, ["gvp"] = {"Pará Gavião"}, ["gvr"] = {"Gurung"}, ["gvs"] = {"Gumawana"}, ["gvy"] = {"Guyani"}, ["gwa"] = {"Mbato"}, ["gwb"] = {"Gwa"}, ["gwc"] = {"Gawri", "Kalami"}, ["gwd"] = {"Gawwada"}, ["gwe"] = {"Gweno"}, ["gwf"] = {"Gowro"}, ["gwg"] = {"Moo"}, ["gwi"] = {"Gwichʼin"}, ["gwj"] = {"ǀGwi"}, ["gwm"] = {"Awngthim"}, ["gwn"] = {"Gwandara"}, ["gwr"] = {"Gwere"}, ["gwt"] = {"Gawar-Bati"}, ["gwu"] = {"Guwamu"}, ["gww"] = {"Kwini"}, ["gwx"] = {"Gua"}, ["gxx"] = {"Wè Southern"}, ["gya"] = {"Northwest Gbaya"}, ["gyb"] = {"Garus"}, ["gyd"] = {"Kayardild"}, ["gye"] = {"Gyem"}, ["gyf"] = {"Gungabula"}, ["gyg"] = {"Gbayi"}, ["gyi"] = {"Gyele"}, ["gyl"] = {"Gayil"}, ["gym"] = {"Ngäbere"}, ["gyn"] = {"Guyanese Creole English"}, ["gyo"] = {"Gyalsumdo"}, ["gyr"] = {"Guarayu"}, ["gyy"] = {"Gunya"}, ["gyz"] = {"Geji", "Gyaazi"}, ["gza"] = {"Ganza"}, ["gzi"] = {"Gazi"}, ["gzn"] = {"Gane"}, ["haa"] = {"Han"}, ["hab"] = {"Hanoi Sign Language"}, ["hac"] = {"Gurani"}, ["had"] = {"Hatam"}, ["hae"] = {"Eastern Oromo"}, ["haf"] = {"Haiphong Sign Language"}, ["hag"] = {"Hanga"}, ["hah"] = {"Hahon"}, ["hai"] = {"Haida"}, ["haj"] = {"Hajong"}, ["hak"] = {"Hakka Chinese"}, ["hal"] = {"Halang"}, ["ham"] = {"Hewa"}, ["han"] = {"Hangaza"}, ["hao"] = {"Hakö"}, ["hap"] = {"Hupla"}, ["haq"] = {"Ha"}, ["har"] = {"Harari"}, ["has"] = {"Haisla"}, ["hav"] = {"Havu"}, ["haw"] = {"Hawaiian"}, ["hax"] = {"Southern Haida"}, ["hay"] = {"Haya"}, ["haz"] = {"Hazaragi"}, ["hba"] = {"Hamba"}, ["hbb"] = {"Huba"}, ["hbn"] = {"Heiban"}, ["hbo"] = {"Ancient Hebrew"}, ["hbu"] = {"Habu"}, ["hca"] = {"Andaman Creole Hindi"}, ["hch"] = {"Huichol"}, ["hdn"] = {"Northern Haida"}, ["hds"] = {"Honduras Sign Language"}, ["hdy"] = {"Hadiyya"}, ["hea"] = {"Northern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hed"] = {"Herdé"}, ["heg"] = {"Helong"}, ["heh"] = {"Hehe"}, ["hei"] = {"Heiltsuk"}, ["hem"] = {"Hemba"}, ["hgm"] = {"Haiǁom"}, ["hgw"] = {"Haigwai"}, ["hhi"] = {"Hoia Hoia"}, ["hhr"] = {"Kerak"}, ["hhy"] = {"Hoyahoya"}, ["hia"] = {"Lamang"}, ["hib"] = {"Hibito"}, ["hid"] = {"Hidatsa"}, ["hif"] = {"Фижи Хинди"}, ["hig"] = {"Kamwe"}, ["hih"] = {"Pamosu"}, ["hii"] = {"Hinduri"}, ["hij"] = {"Hijuk"}, ["hik"] = {"Seit-Kaitetu"}, ["hil"] = {"Hiligaynon"}, ["him"] = {"Himachali languages", "Western Pahari languages"}, ["hio"] = {"Tsoa"}, ["hir"] = {"Himarimã"}, ["hit"] = {"Hittite"}, ["hiw"] = {"Hiw"}, ["hix"] = {"Hixkaryána"}, ["hji"] = {"Haji"}, ["hka"] = {"Kahe"}, ["hke"] = {"Hunde"}, ["hkh"] = {"Khah", "Poguli"}, ["hkk"] = {"Hunjara-Kaina Ke"}, ["hkn"] = {"Mel-Khaonh"}, ["hks"] = {"Hong Kong Sign Language", "Heung Kong Sau Yue"}, ["hla"] = {"Halia"}, ["hlb"] = {"Halbi"}, ["hld"] = {"Halang Doan"}, ["hle"] = {"Hlersu"}, ["hlt"] = {"Matu Chin"}, ["hlu"] = {"Hieroglyphic Luwian"}, ["hma"] = {"Southern Mashan Hmong", "Southern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmb"] = {"Humburi Senni Songhay"}, ["hmc"] = {"Central Huishui Hmong", "Central Huishui Miao"}, ["hmd"] = {"Large Flowery Miao", "A-hmaos", "Da-Hua Miao"}, ["hme"] = {"Eastern Huishui Hmong", "Eastern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmf"] = {"Hmong Don"}, ["hmg"] = {"Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"}, ["hmh"] = {"Southwestern Huishui Hmong", "Southwestern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmi"] = {"Northern Huishui Hmong", "Northern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmj"] = {"Ge", "Gejia"}, ["hmk"] = {"Maek"}, ["hml"] = {"Luopohe Hmong", "Luopohe Miao"}, ["hmm"] = {"Central Mashan Hmong", "Central Mashan Miao"}, ["hmn"] = {"Хмонг", "Монг"}, ["hmp"] = {"Northern Mashan Hmong", "Northern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmq"] = {"Eastern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmr"] = {"Hmar"}, ["hms"] = {"Southern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmt"] = {"Hamtai"}, ["hmu"] = {"Hamap"}, ["hmv"] = {"Hmong Dô"}, ["hmw"] = {"Western Mashan Hmong", "Western Mashan Miao"}, ["hmx"] = {"Hmong-Mien languages"}, ["hmy"] = {"Southern Guiyang Hmong", "Southern Guiyang Miao"}, ["hmz"] = {"Hmong Shua", "Sinicized Miao"}, ["hna"] = {"Mina (Cameroon)"}, ["hnd"] = {"Southern Hindko"}, ["hne"] = {"Chhattisgarhi"}, ["hng"] = {"Hungu"}, ["hnh"] = {"ǁAni"}, ["hni"] = {"Hani"}, ["hnj"] = {"Hmong Njua", "Mong Leng", "Mong Njua"}, ["hnn"] = {"Hanunoo"}, ["hno"] = {"Northern Hindko"}, ["hns"] = {"Карибын Хиндустани"}, ["hnu"] = {"Hung"}, ["hoa"] = {"Hoava"}, ["hob"] = {"Mari (Madang Province)"}, ["hoc"] = {"Ho"}, ["hod"] = {"Holma"}, ["hoe"] = {"Horom"}, ["hoh"] = {"Hobyót"}, ["hoi"] = {"Holikachuk"}, ["hoj"] = {"Hadothi", "Haroti"}, ["hok"] = {"Hokan languages"}, ["hol"] = {"Holu"}, ["hom"] = {"Homa"}, ["hoo"] = {"Holoholo"}, ["hop"] = {"Hopi"}, ["hor"] = {"Horo"}, ["hos"] = {"Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"}, ["hot"] = {"Hote", "Malê"}, ["hov"] = {"Hovongan"}, ["how"] = {"Honi"}, ["hoy"] = {"Holiya"}, ["hoz"] = {"Hozo"}, ["hpo"] = {"Hpon"}, ["hps"] = {"Hawai'i Sign Language (HSL)", "Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language"}, ["hra"] = {"Hrangkhol"}, ["hrc"] = {"Niwer Mil"}, ["hre"] = {"Hre"}, ["hrk"] = {"Haruku"}, ["hrm"] = {"Horned Miao"}, ["hro"] = {"Haroi"}, ["hrp"] = {"Nhirrpi"}, ["hrt"] = {"Hértevin"}, ["hru"] = {"Hruso"}, ["hrw"] = {"Warwar Feni"}, ["hrx"] = {"Hunsrik"}, ["hrz"] = {"Harzani"}, ["hsb"] = {"Дээд Сорб"}, ["hsh"] = {"Hungarian Sign Language"}, ["hsl"] = {"Hausa Sign Language"}, ["hsn"] = {"Xiang Chinese"}, ["hss"] = {"Harsusi"}, ["hti"] = {"Hoti"}, ["hto"] = {"Minica Huitoto"}, ["hts"] = {"Hadza"}, ["htu"] = {"Hitu"}, ["htx"] = {"Middle Hittite"}, ["hub"] = {"Huambisa"}, ["huc"] = {"ǂHua", "ǂʼAmkhoe"}, ["hud"] = {"Huaulu"}, ["hue"] = {"San Francisco Del Mar Huave"}, ["huf"] = {"Humene"}, ["hug"] = {"Huachipaeri"}, ["huh"] = {"Huilliche"}, ["hui"] = {"Huli"}, ["huj"] = {"Northern Guiyang Hmong", "Northern Guiyang Miao"}, ["huk"] = {"Hulung"}, ["hul"] = {"Hula"}, ["hum"] = {"Hungana"}, ["huo"] = {"Hu"}, ["hup"] = {"Hupa"}, ["huq"] = {"Tsat"}, ["hur"] = {"Halkomelem"}, ["hus"] = {"Huastec"}, ["hut"] = {"Humla"}, ["huu"] = {"Murui Huitoto"}, ["huv"] = {"San Mateo Del Mar Huave"}, ["huw"] = {"Hukumina"}, ["hux"] = {"Nüpode Huitoto"}, ["huy"] = {"Hulaulá"}, ["huz"] = {"Hunzib"}, ["hvc"] = {"Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"}, ["hve"] = {"San Dionisio Del Mar Huave"}, ["hvk"] = {"Haveke"}, ["hvn"] = {"Sabu"}, ["hvv"] = {"Santa María Del Mar Huave"}, ["hwa"] = {"Wané"}, ["hwc"] = {"Hawai'i Creole English", "Hawai'i Pidgin"}, ["hwo"] = {"Hwana"}, ["hya"] = {"Hya"}, ["hyw"] = {"Western Armenian"}, ["hyx"] = {"Armenian (family)"}, ["iai"] = {"Iaai"}, ["ian"] = {"Iatmul"}, ["iar"] = {"Purari"}, ["iba"] = {"Iban"}, ["ibb"] = {"Ibibio"}, ["ibd"] = {"Iwaidja"}, ["ibe"] = {"Akpes"}, ["ibg"] = {"Ibanag"}, ["ibh"] = {"Bih"}, ["ibl"] = {"Ibaloi"}, ["ibm"] = {"Agoi"}, ["ibn"] = {"Ibino"}, ["ibr"] = {"Ibuoro"}, ["ibu"] = {"Ibu"}, ["iby"] = {"Ibani"}, ["ica"] = {"Ede Ica"}, ["ich"] = {"Etkywan"}, ["icl"] = {"Icelandic Sign Language"}, ["icr"] = {"Islander Creole English"}, ["ida"] = {"Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki", "Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi"}, ["idb"] = {"Indo-Portuguese"}, ["idc"] = {"Idon", "Ajiya"}, ["idd"] = {"Ede Idaca"}, ["ide"] = {"Idere"}, ["idi"] = {"Idi"}, ["idr"] = {"Indri"}, ["ids"] = {"Idesa"}, ["idt"] = {"Idaté"}, ["idu"] = {"Idoma"}, ["ifa"] = {"Amganad Ifugao"}, ["ifb"] = {"Batad Ifugao", "Ayangan Ifugao"}, ["ife"] = {"Ifè"}, ["iff"] = {"Ifo"}, ["ifk"] = {"Tuwali Ifugao"}, ["ifm"] = {"Teke-Fuumu"}, ["ifu"] = {"Mayoyao Ifugao"}, ["ify"] = {"Keley-I Kallahan"}, ["igb"] = {"Ebira"}, ["ige"] = {"Igede"}, ["igg"] = {"Igana"}, ["igl"] = {"Igala"}, ["igm"] = {"Kanggape"}, ["ign"] = {"Ignaciano"}, ["igo"] = {"Isebe"}, ["igs"] = {"Interglossa"}, ["igw"] = {"Igwe"}, ["ihb"] = {"Iha Based Pidgin"}, ["ihi"] = {"Ihievbe"}, ["ihp"] = {"Iha"}, ["ihw"] = {"Bidhawal"}, ["iin"] = {"Thiin"}, ["iir"] = {"Indo-Iranian languages"}, ["ijc"] = {"Izon"}, ["ije"] = {"Biseni"}, ["ijj"] = {"Ede Ije"}, ["ijn"] = {"Kalabari"}, ["ijo"] = {"Ijo languages"}, ["ijs"] = {"Southeast Ijo"}, ["ike"] = {"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["iki"] = {"Iko"}, ["ikk"] = {"Ika"}, ["ikl"] = {"Ikulu"}, ["iko"] = {"Olulumo-Ikom"}, ["ikp"] = {"Ikpeshi"}, ["ikr"] = {"Ikaranggal"}, ["iks"] = {"Inuit Sign Language"}, ["ikt"] = {"Inuinnaqtun", "Western Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["ikv"] = {"Iku-Gora-Ankwa"}, ["ikw"] = {"Ikwere"}, ["ikx"] = {"Ik"}, ["ikz"] = {"Ikizu"}, ["ila"] = {"Ile Ape"}, ["ilb"] = {"Ila"}, ["ilg"] = {"Garig-Ilgar"}, ["ili"] = {"Ili Turki"}, ["ilk"] = {"Ilongot"}, ["ilm"] = {"Iranun (Malaysia)"}, ["ilo"] = {"Iloko"}, ["ilp"] = {"Iranun (Philippines)"}, ["ils"] = {"International Sign"}, ["ilu"] = {"Ili'uun"}, ["ilv"] = {"Ilue"}, ["ima"] = {"Mala Malasar"}, ["imi"] = {"Anamgura"}, ["iml"] = {"Miluk"}, ["imn"] = {"Imonda"}, ["imo"] = {"Imbongu"}, ["imr"] = {"Imroing"}, ["ims"] = {"Marsian"}, ["imy"] = {"Milyan"}, ["inb"] = {"Inga"}, ["inc"] = {"Indic languages"}, ["ine"] = {"Indo-European languages"}, ["ing"] = {"Degexit'an"}, ["inh"] = {"Ингуш"}, ["inj"] = {"Jungle Inga"}, ["inl"] = {"Indonesian Sign Language"}, ["inm"] = {"Minaean"}, ["inn"] = {"Isinai"}, ["ino"] = {"Inoke-Yate"}, ["inp"] = {"Iñapari"}, ["ins"] = {"Indian Sign Language"}, ["int"] = {"Intha"}, ["inz"] = {"Ineseño"}, ["ior"] = {"Inor"}, ["iou"] = {"Tuma-Irumu"}, ["iow"] = {"Iowa-Oto"}, ["ipi"] = {"Ipili"}, ["ipo"] = {"Ipiko"}, ["iqu"] = {"Iquito"}, ["iqw"] = {"Ikwo"}, ["ira"] = {"Iranian languages"}, ["ire"] = {"Iresim"}, ["irh"] = {"Irarutu"}, ["iri"] = {"Rigwe", "Irigwe"}, ["irk"] = {"Iraqw"}, ["irn"] = {"Irántxe"}, ["iro"] = {"Iroquoian languages"}, ["irr"] = {"Ir"}, ["iru"] = {"Irula"}, ["irx"] = {"Kamberau"}, ["iry"] = {"Iraya"}, ["isa"] = {"Isabi"}, ["isc"] = {"Isconahua"}, ["isd"] = {"Isnag"}, ["ise"] = {"Italian Sign Language"}, ["isg"] = {"Irish Sign Language"}, ["ish"] = {"Esan"}, ["isi"] = {"Nkem-Nkum"}, ["isk"] = {"Ishkashimi"}, ["ism"] = {"Masimasi"}, ["isn"] = {"Isanzu"}, ["iso"] = {"Isoko"}, ["isr"] = {"Israeli Sign Language"}, ["ist"] = {"Istriot"}, ["isu"] = {"Isu (Menchum Division)"}, ["itb"] = {"Binongan Itneg"}, ["itc"] = {"Italic languages"}, ["itd"] = {"Southern Tidung"}, ["ite"] = {"Itene"}, ["iti"] = {"Inlaod Itneg"}, ["itk"] = {"Judeo-Italian"}, ["itl"] = {"Itelmen"}, ["itm"] = {"Itu Mbon Uzo"}, ["ito"] = {"Itonama"}, ["itr"] = {"Iteri"}, ["its"] = {"Isekiri"}, ["itt"] = {"Maeng Itneg"}, ["itv"] = {"Itawit"}, ["itw"] = {"Ito"}, ["itx"] = {"Itik"}, ["ity"] = {"Moyadan Itneg"}, ["itz"] = {"Itzá"}, ["ium"] = {"Iu Mien"}, ["ivb"] = {"Ibatan"}, ["ivv"] = {"Ivatan"}, ["iwk"] = {"I-Wak"}, ["iwm"] = {"Iwam"}, ["iwo"] = {"Iwur"}, ["iws"] = {"Sepik Iwam"}, ["ixc"] = {"Ixcatec"}, ["ixl"] = {"Ixil"}, ["iya"] = {"Iyayu"}, ["iyo"] = {"Mesaka"}, ["iyx"] = {"Yaka (Congo)"}, ["izh"] = {"Ingrian"}, ["izr"] = {"Izere"}, ["izz"] = {"Izii"}, ["jaa"] = {"Jamamadí"}, ["jab"] = {"Hyam"}, ["jac"] = {"Popti'", "Jakalteko"}, ["jad"] = {"Jahanka"}, ["jae"] = {"Yabem"}, ["jaf"] = {"Jara"}, ["jah"] = {"Jah Hut"}, ["jaj"] = {"Zazao"}, ["jak"] = {"Jakun"}, ["jal"] = {"Yalahatan"}, ["jam"] = {"Ямайкын Креол"}, ["jan"] = {"Jandai"}, ["jao"] = {"Yanyuwa"}, ["jaq"] = {"Yaqay"}, ["jas"] = {"New Caledonian Javanese"}, ["jat"] = {"Jakati"}, ["jau"] = {"Yaur"}, ["jax"] = {"Jambi Malay"}, ["jay"] = {"Yan-nhangu", "Nhangu"}, ["jaz"] = {"Jawe"}, ["jbe"] = {"Judeo-Berber"}, ["jbi"] = {"Badjiri"}, ["jbj"] = {"Arandai"}, ["jbk"] = {"Barikewa"}, ["jbm"] = {"Bijim"}, ["jbn"] = {"Nafusi"}, ["jbo"] = {"Lojban"}, ["jbr"] = {"Jofotek-Bromnya"}, ["jbt"] = {"Jabutí"}, ["jbu"] = {"Jukun Takum"}, ["jbw"] = {"Yawijibaya"}, ["jcs"] = {"Jamaican Country Sign Language"}, ["jct"] = {"Krymchak"}, ["jda"] = {"Jad"}, ["jdg"] = {"Jadgali"}, ["jdt"] = {"Judeo-Tat"}, ["jeb"] = {"Jebero"}, ["jee"] = {"Jerung"}, ["jeh"] = {"Jeh"}, ["jei"] = {"Yei"}, ["jek"] = {"Jeri Kuo"}, ["jel"] = {"Yelmek"}, ["jen"] = {"Dza"}, ["jer"] = {"Jere"}, ["jet"] = {"Manem"}, ["jeu"] = {"Jonkor Bourmataguil"}, ["jgb"] = {"Ngbee"}, ["jge"] = {"Judeo-Georgian"}, ["jgk"] = {"Gwak"}, ["jgo"] = {"Ngomba"}, ["jhi"] = {"Jehai"}, ["jhs"] = {"Jhankot Sign Language"}, ["jia"] = {"Jina"}, ["jib"] = {"Jibu"}, ["jic"] = {"Tol"}, ["jid"] = {"Bu (Kaduna State)"}, ["jie"] = {"Jilbe"}, ["jig"] = {"Jingulu", "Djingili"}, ["jih"] = {"sTodsde", "Shangzhai"}, ["jii"] = {"Jiiddu"}, ["jil"] = {"Jilim"}, ["jim"] = {"Jimi (Cameroon)"}, ["jio"] = {"Jiamao"}, ["jiq"] = {"Guanyinqiao", "Lavrung"}, ["jit"] = {"Jita"}, ["jiu"] = {"Youle Jinuo"}, ["jiv"] = {"Shuar"}, ["jiy"] = {"Buyuan Jinuo"}, ["jje"] = {"Jejueo"}, ["jjr"] = {"Bankal"}, ["jka"] = {"Kaera"}, ["jkm"] = {"Mobwa Karen"}, ["jko"] = {"Kubo"}, ["jkp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["jkr"] = {"Koro (India)"}, ["jks"] = {"Amami Koniya Sign Language"}, ["jku"] = {"Labir"}, ["jle"] = {"Ngile"}, ["jls"] = {"Jamaican Sign Language"}, ["jma"] = {"Dima"}, ["jmb"] = {"Zumbun"}, ["jmc"] = {"Machame"}, ["jmd"] = {"Yamdena"}, ["jmi"] = {"Jimi (Nigeria)"}, ["jml"] = {"Jumli"}, ["jmn"] = {"Makuri Naga"}, ["jmr"] = {"Kamara"}, ["jms"] = {"Mashi (Nigeria)"}, ["jmw"] = {"Mouwase"}, ["jmx"] = {"Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["jna"] = {"Jangshung"}, ["jnd"] = {"Jandavra"}, ["jng"] = {"Yangman"}, ["jni"] = {"Janji"}, ["jnj"] = {"Yemsa"}, ["jnl"] = {"Rawat"}, ["jns"] = {"Jaunsari"}, ["job"] = {"Joba"}, ["jod"] = {"Wojenaka"}, ["jog"] = {"Jogi"}, ["jor"] = {"Jorá"}, ["jos"] = {"Jordanian Sign Language"}, ["jow"] = {"Jowulu"}, ["jpa"] = {"Jewish Palestinian Aramaic"}, ["jpr"] = {"Judeo-Persian"}, ["jpx"] = {"Japanese (family)"}, ["jqr"] = {"Jaqaru"}, ["jra"] = {"Jarai"}, ["jrb"] = {"Judeo-Arabic"}, ["jrr"] = {"Jiru"}, ["jrt"] = {"Jakattoe"}, ["jru"] = {"Japrería"}, ["jsl"] = {"Japanese Sign Language"}, ["jua"] = {"Júma"}, ["jub"] = {"Wannu"}, ["juc"] = {"Jurchen"}, ["jud"] = {"Worodougou"}, ["juh"] = {"Hõne"}, ["jui"] = {"Ngadjuri"}, ["juk"] = {"Wapan"}, ["jul"] = {"Jirel"}, ["jum"] = {"Jumjum"}, ["jun"] = {"Juang"}, ["juo"] = {"Jiba"}, ["jup"] = {"Hupdë"}, ["jur"] = {"Jurúna"}, ["jus"] = {"Jumla Sign Language"}, ["jut"] = {"Jutish"}, ["juu"] = {"Ju"}, ["juw"] = {"Wãpha"}, ["juy"] = {"Juray"}, ["jvd"] = {"Javindo"}, ["jvn"] = {"Caribbean Javanese"}, ["jwi"] = {"Jwira-Pepesa"}, ["jya"] = {"Jiarong"}, ["jye"] = {"Judeo-Yemeni Arabic"}, ["jyy"] = {"Jaya"}, ["kaa"] = {"Кара-Калпак", "Каракалпак"}, ["kab"] = {"Kabyle"}, ["kac"] = {"Kachin", "Jingpho"}, ["kad"] = {"Adara"}, ["kae"] = {"Ketangalan"}, ["kaf"] = {"Katso"}, ["kag"] = {"Kajaman"}, ["kah"] = {"Kara (Central African Republic)"}, ["kai"] = {"Karekare"}, ["kaj"] = {"Jju"}, ["kak"] = {"Kalanguya", "Kayapa Kallahan"}, ["kam"] = {"Kamba (Kenya)"}, ["kao"] = {"Xaasongaxango"}, ["kap"] = {"Bezhta"}, ["kaq"] = {"Capanahua"}, ["kar"] = {"Karen languages"}, ["kav"] = {"Katukína"}, ["kaw"] = {"Кави"}, ["kax"] = {"Kao"}, ["kay"] = {"Kamayurá"}, ["kba"] = {"Kalarko"}, ["kbb"] = {"Kaxuiâna"}, ["kbc"] = {"Kadiwéu"}, ["kbd"] = {"Кабард"}, ["kbe"] = {"Kanju"}, ["kbg"] = {"Khamba"}, ["kbh"] = {"Camsá"}, ["kbi"] = {"Kaptiau"}, ["kbj"] = {"Kari"}, ["kbk"] = {"Grass Koiari"}, ["kbl"] = {"Kanembu"}, ["kbm"] = {"Iwal"}, ["kbn"] = {"Kare (Central African Republic)"}, ["kbo"] = {"Keliko"}, ["kbp"] = {"Kabiyè"}, ["kbq"] = {"Kamano"}, ["kbr"] = {"Kafa"}, ["kbs"] = {"Kande"}, ["kbt"] = {"Abadi"}, ["kbu"] = {"Kabutra"}, ["kbv"] = {"Dera (Indonesia)"}, ["kbw"] = {"Kaiep"}, ["kbx"] = {"Ap Ma"}, ["kby"] = {"Manga Kanuri"}, ["kbz"] = {"Duhwa"}, ["kca"] = {"Khanty"}, ["kcb"] = {"Kawacha"}, ["kcc"] = {"Lubila"}, ["kcd"] = {"Ngkâlmpw Kanum"}, ["kce"] = {"Kaivi"}, ["kcf"] = {"Ukaan"}, ["kcg"] = {"Tyap"}, ["kch"] = {"Vono"}, ["kci"] = {"Kamantan"}, ["kcj"] = {"Kobiana"}, ["kck"] = {"Kalanga"}, ["kcl"] = {"Kela (Papua New Guinea)", "Kala"}, ["kcm"] = {"Gula (Central African Republic)"}, ["kcn"] = {"Nubi"}, ["kco"] = {"Kinalakna"}, ["kcp"] = {"Kanga"}, ["kcq"] = {"Kamo"}, ["kcr"] = {"Katla"}, ["kcs"] = {"Koenoem"}, ["kct"] = {"Kaian"}, ["kcu"] = {"Kami (Tanzania)"}, ["kcv"] = {"Kete"}, ["kcw"] = {"Kabwari"}, ["kcx"] = {"Kachama-Ganjule"}, ["kcy"] = {"Korandje"}, ["kcz"] = {"Konongo"}, ["kda"] = {"Worimi"}, ["kdc"] = {"Kutu"}, ["kdd"] = {"Yankunytjatjara"}, ["kde"] = {"Makonde"}, ["kdf"] = {"Mamusi"}, ["kdg"] = {"Seba"}, ["kdh"] = {"Tem"}, ["kdi"] = {"Kumam"}, ["kdj"] = {"Karamojong"}, ["kdk"] = {"Numèè", "Kwényi"}, ["kdl"] = {"Tsikimba"}, ["kdm"] = {"Kagoma"}, ["kdn"] = {"Kunda"}, ["kdo"] = {"Kordofanian languages"}, ["kdp"] = {"Kaningdon-Nindem"}, ["kdq"] = {"Koch"}, ["kdr"] = {"Karaim"}, ["kdt"] = {"Kuy"}, ["kdu"] = {"Kadaru"}, ["kdw"] = {"Koneraw"}, ["kdx"] = {"Kam"}, ["kdy"] = {"Keder", "Keijar"}, ["kdz"] = {"Kwaja"}, ["kea"] = {"Kabuverdianu"}, ["keb"] = {"Kélé"}, ["kec"] = {"Keiga"}, ["ked"] = {"Kerewe"}, ["kee"] = {"Eastern Keres"}, ["kef"] = {"Kpessi"}, ["keg"] = {"Tese"}, ["keh"] = {"Keak"}, ["kei"] = {"Kei"}, ["kej"] = {"Kadar"}, ["kek"] = {"Kekchí"}, ["kel"] = {"Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kem"] = {"Kemak"}, ["ken"] = {"Kenyang"}, ["keo"] = {"Kakwa"}, ["kep"] = {"Kaikadi"}, ["keq"] = {"Kamar"}, ["ker"] = {"Kera"}, ["kes"] = {"Kugbo"}, ["ket"] = {"Ket"}, ["keu"] = {"Akebu"}, ["kev"] = {"Kanikkaran"}, ["kew"] = {"West Kewa"}, ["kex"] = {"Kukna"}, ["key"] = {"Kupia"}, ["kez"] = {"Kukele"}, ["kfa"] = {"Kodava"}, ["kfb"] = {"Northwestern Kolami"}, ["kfc"] = {"Konda-Dora"}, ["kfd"] = {"Korra Koraga"}, ["kfe"] = {"Kota (India)"}, ["kff"] = {"Koya"}, ["kfg"] = {"Kudiya"}, ["kfh"] = {"Kurichiya"}, ["kfi"] = {"Kannada Kurumba"}, ["kfj"] = {"Kemiehua"}, ["kfk"] = {"Kinnauri"}, ["kfl"] = {"Kung"}, ["kfm"] = {"Khunsari"}, ["kfn"] = {"Kuk"}, ["kfo"] = {"Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["kfp"] = {"Korwa"}, ["kfq"] = {"Korku"}, ["kfr"] = {"Kachhi", "Kutchi"}, ["kfs"] = {"Bilaspuri"}, ["kft"] = {"Kanjari"}, ["kfu"] = {"Katkari"}, ["kfv"] = {"Kurmukar"}, ["kfw"] = {"Kharam Naga"}, ["kfx"] = {"Kullu Pahari"}, ["kfy"] = {"Kumaoni"}, ["kfz"] = {"Koromfé"}, ["kga"] = {"Koyaga"}, ["kgb"] = {"Kawe"}, ["kge"] = {"Komering"}, ["kgf"] = {"Kube"}, ["kgg"] = {"Kusunda"}, ["kgi"] = {"Selangor Sign Language"}, ["kgj"] = {"Gamale Kham"}, ["kgk"] = {"Kaiwá"}, ["kgl"] = {"Kunggari"}, ["kgm"] = {"Karipúna"}, ["kgn"] = {"Karingani"}, ["kgo"] = {"Krongo"}, ["kgp"] = {"Kaingang"}, ["kgq"] = {"Kamoro"}, ["kgr"] = {"Abun"}, ["kgs"] = {"Kumbainggar"}, ["kgt"] = {"Somyev"}, ["kgu"] = {"Kobol"}, ["kgv"] = {"Karas"}, ["kgw"] = {"Karon Dori"}, ["kgx"] = {"Kamaru"}, ["kgy"] = {"Kyerung"}, ["kha"] = {"Khasi"}, ["khb"] = {"Lü"}, ["khc"] = {"Tukang Besi North"}, ["khd"] = {"Bädi Kanum"}, ["khe"] = {"Korowai"}, ["khf"] = {"Khuen"}, ["khg"] = {"Khams Tibetan"}, ["khh"] = {"Kehu"}, ["khi"] = {"Khoisan languages"}, ["khj"] = {"Kuturmi"}, ["khk"] = {"Halh Mongolian"}, ["khl"] = {"Lusi"}, ["khn"] = {"Khandesi"}, ["kho"] = {"Khotanese", "Sakan"}, ["khp"] = {"Kapori", "Kapauri"}, ["khq"] = {"Koyra Chiini Songhay"}, ["khr"] = {"Kharia"}, ["khs"] = {"Kasua"}, ["kht"] = {"Khamti"}, ["khu"] = {"Nkhumbi"}, ["khv"] = {"Khvarshi"}, ["khw"] = {"Ховар"}, ["khx"] = {"Kanu"}, ["khy"] = {"Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["khz"] = {"Keapara"}, ["kia"] = {"Kim"}, ["kib"] = {"Koalib"}, ["kic"] = {"Kickapoo"}, ["kid"] = {"Koshin"}, ["kie"] = {"Kibet"}, ["kif"] = {"Eastern Parbate Kham"}, ["kig"] = {"Kimaama", "Kimaghima"}, ["kih"] = {"Kilmeri"}, ["kii"] = {"Kitsai"}, ["kij"] = {"Kilivila"}, ["kil"] = {"Kariya"}, ["kim"] = {"Karagas"}, ["kio"] = {"Kiowa"}, ["kip"] = {"Sheshi Kham"}, ["kiq"] = {"Kosadle", "Kosare"}, ["kis"] = {"Kis"}, ["kit"] = {"Agob"}, ["kiu"] = {"Kirmanjki (individual language)"}, ["kiv"] = {"Kimbu"}, ["kiw"] = {"Northeast Kiwai"}, ["kix"] = {"Khiamniungan Naga"}, ["kiy"] = {"Kirikiri"}, ["kiz"] = {"Kisi"}, ["kja"] = {"Mlap"}, ["kjb"] = {"Q'anjob'al", "Kanjobal"}, ["kjc"] = {"Coastal Konjo"}, ["kjd"] = {"Southern Kiwai"}, ["kje"] = {"Kisar"}, ["kjg"] = {"Khmu"}, ["kjh"] = {"Khakas"}, ["kji"] = {"Zabana"}, ["kjj"] = {"Khinalugh"}, ["kjk"] = {"Highland Konjo"}, ["kjl"] = {"Western Parbate Kham"}, ["kjm"] = {"Kháng"}, ["kjn"] = {"Kunjen"}, ["kjo"] = {"Harijan Kinnauri"}, ["kjp"] = {"Pwo Eastern Karen"}, ["kjq"] = {"Western Keres"}, ["kjr"] = {"Kurudu"}, ["kjs"] = {"East Kewa"}, ["kjt"] = {"Phrae Pwo Karen"}, ["kju"] = {"Kashaya"}, ["kjv"] = {"Kaikavian Literary Language"}, ["kjx"] = {"Ramopa"}, ["kjy"] = {"Erave"}, ["kjz"] = {"Bumthangkha"}, ["kka"] = {"Kakanda"}, ["kkb"] = {"Kwerisa"}, ["kkc"] = {"Odoodee"}, ["kkd"] = {"Kinuku"}, ["kke"] = {"Kakabe"}, ["kkf"] = {"Kalaktang Monpa"}, ["kkg"] = {"Mabaka Valley Kalinga"}, ["kkh"] = {"Khün"}, ["kki"] = {"Kagulu"}, ["kkj"] = {"Kako"}, ["kkk"] = {"Kokota"}, ["kkl"] = {"Kosarek Yale"}, ["kkm"] = {"Kiong"}, ["kkn"] = {"Kon Keu"}, ["kko"] = {"Karko"}, ["kkp"] = {"Gugubera", "Koko-Bera"}, ["kkq"] = {"Kaeku"}, ["kkr"] = {"Kir-Balar"}, ["kks"] = {"Giiwo"}, ["kkt"] = {"Koi"}, ["kku"] = {"Tumi"}, ["kkv"] = {"Kangean"}, ["kkw"] = {"Teke-Kukuya"}, ["kkx"] = {"Kohin"}, ["kky"] = {"Guugu Yimidhirr", "Guguyimidjir"}, ["kkz"] = {"Kaska"}, ["kla"] = {"Klamath-Modoc"}, ["klb"] = {"Kiliwa"}, ["klc"] = {"Kolbila"}, ["kld"] = {"Gamilaraay"}, ["kle"] = {"Kulung (Nepal)"}, ["klf"] = {"Kendeje"}, ["klg"] = {"Tagakaulo"}, ["klh"] = {"Weliki"}, ["kli"] = {"Kalumpang"}, ["klj"] = {"Khalaj"}, ["klk"] = {"Kono (Nigeria)"}, ["kll"] = {"Kagan Kalagan"}, ["klm"] = {"Migum"}, ["kln"] = {"Kalenjin"}, ["klo"] = {"Kapya"}, ["klp"] = {"Kamasa"}, ["klq"] = {"Rumu"}, ["klr"] = {"Khaling"}, ["kls"] = {"Kalasha"}, ["klt"] = {"Nukna"}, ["klu"] = {"Klao"}, ["klv"] = {"Maskelynes"}, ["klw"] = {"Tado", "Lindu"}, ["klx"] = {"Koluwawa"}, ["kly"] = {"Kalao"}, ["klz"] = {"Kabola"}, ["kma"] = {"Konni"}, ["kmb"] = {"Kimbundu"}, ["kmc"] = {"Southern Dong"}, ["kmd"] = {"Majukayang Kalinga"}, ["kme"] = {"Bakole"}, ["kmf"] = {"Kare (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kmg"] = {"Kâte"}, ["kmh"] = {"Kalam"}, ["kmi"] = {"Kami (Nigeria)"}, ["kmj"] = {"Kumarbhag Paharia"}, ["kmk"] = {"Limos Kalinga"}, ["kml"] = {"Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kmm"] = {"Kom (India)"}, ["kmn"] = {"Awtuw"}, ["kmo"] = {"Kwoma"}, ["kmp"] = {"Gimme"}, ["kmq"] = {"Kwama"}, ["kmr"] = {"Northern Kurdish"}, ["kms"] = {"Kamasau"}, ["kmt"] = {"Kemtuik"}, ["kmu"] = {"Kanite"}, ["kmv"] = {"Karipúna Creole French"}, ["kmw"] = {"Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kmx"] = {"Waboda"}, ["kmy"] = {"Koma"}, ["kmz"] = {"Khorasani Turkish"}, ["kna"] = {"Dera (Nigeria)"}, ["knb"] = {"Lubuagan Kalinga"}, ["knc"] = {"Central Kanuri"}, ["knd"] = {"Konda"}, ["kne"] = {"Kankanaey"}, ["knf"] = {"Mankanya"}, ["kng"] = {"Koongo"}, ["kni"] = {"Kanufi"}, ["knj"] = {"Western Kanjobal"}, ["knk"] = {"Kuranko"}, ["knl"] = {"Keninjal"}, ["knm"] = {"Kanamarí"}, ["knn"] = {"Konkani (individual language)"}, ["kno"] = {"Kono (Sierra Leone)"}, ["knp"] = {"Kwanja"}, ["knq"] = {"Kintaq"}, ["knr"] = {"Kaningra"}, ["kns"] = {"Kensiu"}, ["knt"] = {"Panoan Katukína"}, ["knu"] = {"Kono (Guinea)"}, ["knv"] = {"Tabo"}, ["knw"] = {"Kung-Ekoka"}, ["knx"] = {"Kendayan", "Salako"}, ["kny"] = {"Kanyok"}, ["knz"] = {"Kalamsé"}, ["koa"] = {"Konomala"}, ["koc"] = {"Kpati"}, ["kod"] = {"Kodi"}, ["koe"] = {"Kacipo-Bale Suri"}, ["kof"] = {"Kubi"}, ["kog"] = {"Cogui", "Kogi"}, ["koh"] = {"Koyo"}, ["koi"] = {"Komi-Permyak"}, ["kok"] = {"Konkani (macrolanguage)"}, ["kol"] = {"Kol (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["koo"] = {"Konzo"}, ["kop"] = {"Waube"}, ["koq"] = {"Kota (Gabon)"}, ["kos"] = {"Kosraean"}, ["kot"] = {"Lagwan"}, ["kou"] = {"Koke"}, ["kov"] = {"Kudu-Camo"}, ["kow"] = {"Kugama"}, ["koy"] = {"Koyukon"}, ["koz"] = {"Korak"}, ["kpa"] = {"Kutto"}, ["kpb"] = {"Mullu Kurumba"}, ["kpc"] = {"Curripaco"}, ["kpd"] = {"Koba"}, ["kpe"] = {"Kpelle"}, ["kpf"] = {"Komba"}, ["kpg"] = {"Kapingamarangi"}, ["kph"] = {"Kplang"}, ["kpi"] = {"Kofei"}, ["kpj"] = {"Karajá"}, ["kpk"] = {"Kpan"}, ["kpl"] = {"Kpala"}, ["kpm"] = {"Koho"}, ["kpn"] = {"Kepkiriwát"}, ["kpo"] = {"Ikposo"}, ["kpq"] = {"Korupun-Sela"}, ["kpr"] = {"Korafe-Yegha"}, ["kps"] = {"Tehit"}, ["kpt"] = {"Karata"}, ["kpu"] = {"Kafoa"}, ["kpv"] = {"Komi-Zyrian"}, ["kpw"] = {"Kobon"}, ["kpx"] = {"Mountain Koiali"}, ["kpy"] = {"Koryak"}, ["kpz"] = {"Kupsabiny"}, ["kqa"] = {"Mum"}, ["kqb"] = {"Kovai"}, ["kqc"] = {"Doromu-Koki"}, ["kqd"] = {"Koy Sanjaq Surat"}, ["kqe"] = {"Kalagan"}, ["kqf"] = {"Kakabai"}, ["kqg"] = {"Khe"}, ["kqh"] = {"Kisankasa"}, ["kqi"] = {"Koitabu"}, ["kqj"] = {"Koromira"}, ["kqk"] = {"Kotafon Gbe"}, ["kql"] = {"Kyenele"}, ["kqm"] = {"Khisa"}, ["kqn"] = {"Kaonde"}, ["kqo"] = {"Eastern Krahn"}, ["kqp"] = {"Kimré"}, ["kqq"] = {"Krenak"}, ["kqr"] = {"Kimaragang"}, ["kqs"] = {"Northern Kissi"}, ["kqt"] = {"Klias River Kadazan"}, ["kqu"] = {"Seroa"}, ["kqv"] = {"Okolod"}, ["kqw"] = {"Kandas"}, ["kqx"] = {"Mser"}, ["kqy"] = {"Koorete"}, ["kqz"] = {"Korana"}, ["kra"] = {"Kumhali"}, ["krb"] = {"Karkin"}, ["krc"] = {"Карачай-Балкар"}, ["krd"] = {"Kairui-Midiki"}, ["kre"] = {"Panará"}, ["krf"] = {"Koro (Vanuatu)"}, ["krh"] = {"Kurama"}, ["kri"] = {"Krio"}, ["krj"] = {"Kinaray-A"}, ["krk"] = {"Kerek"}, ["krl"] = {"Karelian"}, ["krn"] = {"Sapo"}, ["kro"] = {"Kru languages"}, ["krp"] = {"Korop"}, ["krr"] = {"Krung"}, ["krs"] = {"Gbaya (Sudan)"}, ["krt"] = {"Tumari Kanuri"}, ["kru"] = {"Kurukh"}, ["krv"] = {"Kavet"}, ["krw"] = {"Western Krahn"}, ["krx"] = {"Karon"}, ["kry"] = {"Kryts"}, ["krz"] = {"Sota Kanum"}, ["ksa"] = {"Shuwa-Zamani"}, ["ksb"] = {"Shambala"}, ["ksc"] = {"Southern Kalinga"}, ["ksd"] = {"Kuanua"}, ["kse"] = {"Kuni"}, ["ksf"] = {"Bafia"}, ["ksg"] = {"Kusaghe"}, ["ksh"] = {"Кёльн"}, ["ksi"] = {"Krisa", "I'saka"}, ["ksj"] = {"Uare"}, ["ksk"] = {"Kansa"}, ["ksl"] = {"Kumalu"}, ["ksm"] = {"Kumba"}, ["ksn"] = {"Kasiguranin"}, ["kso"] = {"Kofa"}, ["ksp"] = {"Kaba"}, ["ksq"] = {"Kwaami"}, ["ksr"] = {"Borong"}, ["kss"] = {"Southern Kisi"}, ["kst"] = {"Winyé"}, ["ksu"] = {"Khamyang"}, ["ksv"] = {"Kusu"}, ["ksw"] = {"S'gaw Karen"}, ["ksx"] = {"Kedang"}, ["ksy"] = {"Kharia Thar"}, ["ksz"] = {"Kodaku"}, ["kta"] = {"Katua"}, ["ktb"] = {"Kambaata"}, ["ktc"] = {"Kholok"}, ["ktd"] = {"Kokata", "Kukatha"}, ["kte"] = {"Nubri"}, ["ktf"] = {"Kwami"}, ["ktg"] = {"Kalkutung"}, ["kth"] = {"Karanga"}, ["kti"] = {"North Muyu"}, ["ktj"] = {"Plapo Krumen"}, ["ktk"] = {"Kaniet"}, ["ktl"] = {"Koroshi"}, ["ktm"] = {"Kurti"}, ["ktn"] = {"Karitiâna"}, ["kto"] = {"Kuot"}, ["ktp"] = {"Kaduo"}, ["ktq"] = {"Katabaga"}, ["kts"] = {"South Muyu"}, ["ktt"] = {"Ketum"}, ["ktu"] = {"Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["ktv"] = {"Eastern Katu"}, ["ktw"] = {"Kato"}, ["ktx"] = {"Kaxararí"}, ["kty"] = {"Kango (Bas-Uélé District)"}, ["ktz"] = {"Juǀʼhoan", "Juǀʼhoansi"}, ["kub"] = {"Kutep"}, ["kuc"] = {"Kwinsu"}, ["kud"] = {"'Auhelawa"}, ["kue"] = {"Kuman (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kuf"] = {"Western Katu"}, ["kug"] = {"Kupa"}, ["kuh"] = {"Kushi"}, ["kui"] = {"Kuikúro-Kalapálo", "Kalapalo"}, ["kuj"] = {"Kuria"}, ["kuk"] = {"Kepo'"}, ["kul"] = {"Kulere"}, ["kum"] = {"Кумык"}, ["kun"] = {"Kunama"}, ["kuo"] = {"Kumukio"}, ["kup"] = {"Kunimaipa"}, ["kuq"] = {"Karipuna"}, ["kus"] = {"Kusaal"}, ["kut"] = {"Kutenai"}, ["kuu"] = {"Upper Kuskokwim"}, ["kuv"] = {"Kur"}, ["kuw"] = {"Kpagua"}, ["kux"] = {"Kukatja"}, ["kuy"] = {"Kuuku-Ya'u"}, ["kuz"] = {"Kunza"}, ["kva"] = {"Bagvalal"}, ["kvb"] = {"Kubu"}, ["kvc"] = {"Kove"}, ["kvd"] = {"Kui (Indonesia)"}, ["kve"] = {"Kalabakan"}, ["kvf"] = {"Kabalai"}, ["kvg"] = {"Kuni-Boazi"}, ["kvh"] = {"Komodo"}, ["kvi"] = {"Kwang"}, ["kvj"] = {"Psikye"}, ["kvk"] = {"Korean Sign Language"}, ["kvl"] = {"Kayaw"}, ["kvm"] = {"Kendem"}, ["kvn"] = {"Border Kuna"}, ["kvo"] = {"Dobel"}, ["kvp"] = {"Kompane"}, ["kvq"] = {"Geba Karen"}, ["kvr"] = {"Kerinci"}, ["kvt"] = {"Lahta Karen", "Lahta"}, ["kvu"] = {"Yinbaw Karen"}, ["kvv"] = {"Kola"}, ["kvw"] = {"Wersing"}, ["kvx"] = {"Parkari Koli"}, ["kvy"] = {"Yintale Karen", "Yintale"}, ["kvz"] = {"Tsakwambo", "Tsaukambo"}, ["kwa"] = {"Dâw"}, ["kwb"] = {"Kwa"}, ["kwc"] = {"Likwala"}, ["kwd"] = {"Kwaio"}, ["kwe"] = {"Kwerba"}, ["kwf"] = {"Kwara'ae"}, ["kwg"] = {"Sara Kaba Deme"}, ["kwh"] = {"Kowiai"}, ["kwi"] = {"Awa-Cuaiquer"}, ["kwj"] = {"Kwanga"}, ["kwk"] = {"Kwakiutl"}, ["kwl"] = {"Kofyar"}, ["kwm"] = {"Kwambi"}, ["kwn"] = {"Квангали"}, ["kwo"] = {"Kwomtari"}, ["kwp"] = {"Kodia"}, ["kwr"] = {"Kwer"}, ["kws"] = {"Kwese"}, ["kwt"] = {"Kwesten"}, ["kwu"] = {"Kwakum"}, ["kwv"] = {"Sara Kaba Náà"}, ["kww"] = {"Kwinti"}, ["kwx"] = {"Khirwar"}, ["kwy"] = {"San Salvador Kongo"}, ["kwz"] = {"Kwadi"}, ["kxa"] = {"Kairiru"}, ["kxb"] = {"Krobu"}, ["kxc"] = {"Konso", "Khonso"}, ["kxd"] = {"Brunei"}, ["kxf"] = {"Manumanaw Karen", "Manumanaw"}, ["kxh"] = {"Karo (Ethiopia)"}, ["kxi"] = {"Keningau Murut"}, ["kxj"] = {"Kulfa"}, ["kxk"] = {"Zayein Karen"}, ["kxm"] = {"Northern Khmer"}, ["kxn"] = {"Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau"}, ["kxo"] = {"Kanoé"}, ["kxp"] = {"Wadiyara Koli"}, ["kxq"] = {"Smärky Kanum"}, ["kxr"] = {"Koro (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kxs"] = {"Kangjia"}, ["kxt"] = {"Koiwat"}, ["kxv"] = {"Kuvi"}, ["kxw"] = {"Konai"}, ["kxx"] = {"Likuba"}, ["kxy"] = {"Kayong"}, ["kxz"] = {"Kerewo"}, ["kya"] = {"Kwaya"}, ["kyb"] = {"Butbut Kalinga"}, ["kyc"] = {"Kyaka"}, ["kyd"] = {"Karey"}, ["kye"] = {"Krache"}, ["kyf"] = {"Kouya"}, ["kyg"] = {"Keyagana"}, ["kyh"] = {"Karok"}, ["kyi"] = {"Kiput"}, ["kyj"] = {"Karao"}, ["kyk"] = {"Kamayo"}, ["kyl"] = {"Kalapuya"}, ["kym"] = {"Kpatili"}, ["kyn"] = {"Northern Binukidnon"}, ["kyo"] = {"Kelon"}, ["kyp"] = {"Kang"}, ["kyq"] = {"Kenga"}, ["kyr"] = {"Kuruáya"}, ["kys"] = {"Baram Kayan"}, ["kyt"] = {"Kayagar"}, ["kyu"] = {"Western Kayah"}, ["kyv"] = {"Kayort"}, ["kyw"] = {"Kudmali"}, ["kyx"] = {"Rapoisi"}, ["kyy"] = {"Kambaira"}, ["kyz"] = {"Kayabí"}, ["kza"] = {"Western Karaboro"}, ["kzb"] = {"Kaibobo"}, ["kzc"] = {"Bondoukou Kulango"}, ["kzd"] = {"Kadai"}, ["kze"] = {"Kosena"}, ["kzf"] = {"Da'a Kaili"}, ["kzg"] = {"Kikai"}, ["kzi"] = {"Kelabit"}, ["kzk"] = {"Kazukuru"}, ["kzl"] = {"Kayeli"}, ["kzm"] = {"Kais"}, ["kzn"] = {"Kokola"}, ["kzo"] = {"Kaningi"}, ["kzp"] = {"Kaidipang"}, ["kzq"] = {"Kaike"}, ["kzr"] = {"Karang"}, ["kzs"] = {"Sugut Dusun"}, ["kzu"] = {"Kayupulau"}, ["kzv"] = {"Komyandaret"}, ["kzw"] = {"Karirí-Xocó"}, ["kzx"] = {"Kamarian"}, ["kzy"] = {"Kango (Tshopo District)"}, ["kzz"] = {"Kalabra"}, ["laa"] = {"Southern Subanen"}, ["lab"] = {"Linear A"}, ["lac"] = {"Lacandon"}, ["lad"] = {"Ladino"}, ["lae"] = {"Pattani"}, ["laf"] = {"Lafofa"}, ["lag"] = {"Langi"}, ["lah"] = {"Lahnda"}, ["lai"] = {"Lambya"}, ["laj"] = {"Lango (Uganda)"}, ["lak"] = {"Laka (Nigeria)"}, ["lal"] = {"Lalia"}, ["lam"] = {"Lamba"}, ["lan"] = {"Laru"}, ["lap"] = {"Laka (Chad)"}, ["laq"] = {"Qabiao"}, ["lar"] = {"Larteh"}, ["las"] = {"Lama (Togo)"}, ["lau"] = {"Laba"}, ["law"] = {"Lauje"}, ["lax"] = {"Tiwa"}, ["lay"] = {"Lama Bai"}, ["laz"] = {"Aribwatsa"}, ["lbb"] = {"Label"}, ["lbc"] = {"Lakkia"}, ["lbe"] = {"Лак"}, ["lbf"] = {"Tinani"}, ["lbg"] = {"Laopang"}, ["lbi"] = {"La'bi"}, ["lbj"] = {"Ladakhi"}, ["lbk"] = {"Central Bontok"}, ["lbl"] = {"Libon Bikol"}, ["lbm"] = {"Lodhi"}, ["lbn"] = {"Rmeet"}, ["lbo"] = {"Laven"}, ["lbq"] = {"Wampar"}, ["lbr"] = {"Lohorung"}, ["lbs"] = {"Libyan Sign Language"}, ["lbt"] = {"Lachi"}, ["lbu"] = {"Labu"}, ["lbv"] = {"Lavatbura-Lamusong"}, ["lbw"] = {"Tolaki"}, ["lbx"] = {"Lawangan"}, ["lby"] = {"Lamalama", "Lamu-Lamu"}, ["lbz"] = {"Lardil"}, ["lcc"] = {"Legenyem"}, ["lcd"] = {"Lola"}, ["lce"] = {"Loncong", "Sekak"}, ["lcf"] = {"Lubu"}, ["lch"] = {"Luchazi"}, ["lcl"] = {"Lisela"}, ["lcm"] = {"Tungag"}, ["lcp"] = {"Western Lawa"}, ["lcq"] = {"Luhu"}, ["lcs"] = {"Lisabata-Nuniali"}, ["lda"] = {"Kla-Dan"}, ["ldb"] = {"Dũya"}, ["ldd"] = {"Luri"}, ["ldg"] = {"Lenyima"}, ["ldh"] = {"Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"}, ["ldi"] = {"Laari"}, ["ldj"] = {"Lemoro"}, ["ldk"] = {"Leelau"}, ["ldl"] = {"Kaan"}, ["ldm"] = {"Landoma"}, ["ldn"] = {"Láadan"}, ["ldo"] = {"Loo"}, ["ldp"] = {"Tso"}, ["ldq"] = {"Lufu"}, ["lea"] = {"Lega-Shabunda"}, ["leb"] = {"Lala-Bisa"}, ["lec"] = {"Leco"}, ["led"] = {"Lendu"}, ["lee"] = {"Lyélé"}, ["lef"] = {"Lelemi"}, ["leh"] = {"Lenje"}, ["lei"] = {"Lemio"}, ["lej"] = {"Lengola"}, ["lek"] = {"Leipon"}, ["lel"] = {"Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["lem"] = {"Nomaande"}, ["len"] = {"Lenca"}, ["leo"] = {"Leti (Cameroon)"}, ["lep"] = {"Lepcha"}, ["leq"] = {"Lembena"}, ["ler"] = {"Lenkau"}, ["les"] = {"Lese"}, ["let"] = {"Lesing-Gelimi", "Amio-Gelimi"}, ["leu"] = {"Kara (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["lev"] = {"Lamma"}, ["lew"] = {"Ledo Kaili"}, ["lex"] = {"Luang"}, ["ley"] = {"Lemolang"}, ["lez"] = {"Лезги"}, ["lfa"] = {"Lefa"}, ["lfn"] = {"Lingua Franca Nova"}, ["lga"] = {"Lungga"}, ["lgb"] = {"Laghu"}, ["lgg"] = {"Lugbara"}, ["lgh"] = {"Laghuu"}, ["lgi"] = {"Lengilu"}, ["lgk"] = {"Lingarak", "Neverver"}, ["lgl"] = {"Wala"}, ["lgm"] = {"Lega-Mwenga"}, ["lgn"] = {"T'apo", "Opuuo"}, ["lgq"] = {"Logba"}, ["lgr"] = {"Lengo"}, ["lgt"] = {"Pahi"}, ["lgu"] = {"Longgu"}, ["lgz"] = {"Ligenza"}, ["lha"] = {"Laha (Viet Nam)"}, ["lhh"] = {"Laha (Indonesia)"}, ["lhi"] = {"Lahu Shi"}, ["lhl"] = {"Lahul Lohar"}, ["lhm"] = {"Lhomi"}, ["lhn"] = {"Lahanan"}, ["lhp"] = {"Lhokpu"}, ["lhs"] = {"Mlahsö"}, ["lht"] = {"Lo-Toga"}, ["lhu"] = {"Lahu"}, ["lia"] = {"West-Central Limba"}, ["lib"] = {"Likum"}, ["lic"] = {"Hlai"}, ["lid"] = {"Nyindrou"}, ["lie"] = {"Likila"}, ["lif"] = {"Limbu"}, ["lig"] = {"Ligbi"}, ["lih"] = {"Lihir"}, ["lij"] = {"Лигур"}, ["lik"] = {"Lika"}, ["lil"] = {"Lillooet"}, ["lio"] = {"Liki"}, ["lip"] = {"Sekpele"}, ["liq"] = {"Libido"}, ["lir"] = {"Liberian English"}, ["lis"] = {"Lisu"}, ["liu"] = {"Logorik"}, ["liv"] = {"Liv"}, ["liw"] = {"Col"}, ["lix"] = {"Liabuku"}, ["liy"] = {"Banda-Bambari"}, ["liz"] = {"Libinza"}, ["lja"] = {"Golpa"}, ["lje"] = {"Rampi"}, ["lji"] = {"Laiyolo"}, ["ljl"] = {"Li'o"}, ["ljp"] = {"Lampung Api"}, ["ljw"] = {"Yirandali"}, ["ljx"] = {"Yuru"}, ["lka"] = {"Lakalei"}, ["lkb"] = {"Kabras", "Lukabaras"}, ["lkc"] = {"Kucong"}, ["lkd"] = {"Lakondê"}, ["lke"] = {"Kenyi"}, ["lkh"] = {"Lakha"}, ["lki"] = {"Laki"}, ["lkj"] = {"Remun"}, ["lkl"] = {"Laeko-Libuat"}, ["lkm"] = {"Kalaamaya"}, ["lkn"] = {"Lakon", "Vure"}, ["lko"] = {"Khayo", "Olukhayo"}, ["lkr"] = {"Päri"}, ["lks"] = {"Kisa", "Olushisa"}, ["lkt"] = {"Lakota"}, ["lku"] = {"Kungkari"}, ["lky"] = {"Lokoya"}, ["lla"] = {"Lala-Roba"}, ["llb"] = {"Lolo"}, ["llc"] = {"Lele (Guinea)"}, ["lld"] = {"Ladin"}, ["lle"] = {"Lele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["llf"] = {"Hermit"}, ["llg"] = {"Lole"}, ["llh"] = {"Lamu"}, ["lli"] = {"Teke-Laali"}, ["llj"] = {"Ladji Ladji"}, ["llk"] = {"Lelak"}, ["lll"] = {"Lilau"}, ["llm"] = {"Lasalimu"}, ["lln"] = {"Lele (Chad)"}, ["llp"] = {"North Efate"}, ["llq"] = {"Lolak"}, ["lls"] = {"Lithuanian Sign Language"}, ["llu"] = {"Lau"}, ["llx"] = {"Lauan"}, ["lma"] = {"East Limba"}, ["lmb"] = {"Merei"}, ["lmc"] = {"Limilngan"}, ["lmd"] = {"Lumun"}, ["lme"] = {"Pévé"}, ["lmf"] = {"South Lembata"}, ["lmg"] = {"Lamogai"}, ["lmh"] = {"Lambichhong"}, ["lmi"] = {"Lombi"}, ["lmj"] = {"West Lembata"}, ["lmk"] = {"Lamkang"}, ["lml"] = {"Hano"}, ["lmn"] = {"Lambadi"}, ["lmo"] = {"Ломбард"}, ["lmp"] = {"Limbum"}, ["lmq"] = {"Lamatuka"}, ["lmr"] = {"Lamalera"}, ["lmu"] = {"Lamenu"}, ["lmv"] = {"Lomaiviti"}, ["lmw"] = {"Lake Miwok"}, ["lmx"] = {"Laimbue"}, ["lmy"] = {"Lamboya"}, ["lna"] = {"Langbashe"}, ["lnb"] = {"Mbalanhu"}, ["lnd"] = {"Lundayeh", "Lun Bawang"}, ["lng"] = {"Langobardic"}, ["lnh"] = {"Lanoh"}, ["lni"] = {"Daantanai'"}, ["lnj"] = {"Leningitij"}, ["lnl"] = {"South Central Banda"}, ["lnm"] = {"Langam"}, ["lnn"] = {"Lorediakarkar"}, ["lno"] = {"Lango (South Sudan)"}, ["lns"] = {"Lamnso'"}, ["lnu"] = {"Longuda"}, ["lnw"] = {"Lanima"}, ["lnz"] = {"Lonzo"}, ["loa"] = {"Loloda"}, ["lob"] = {"Lobi"}, ["loc"] = {"Inonhan"}, ["loe"] = {"Saluan"}, ["lof"] = {"Logol"}, ["log"] = {"Logo"}, ["loh"] = {"Narim"}, ["loi"] = {"Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["loj"] = {"Lou"}, ["lok"] = {"Loko"}, ["lol"] = {"Mongo"}, ["lom"] = {"Loma (Liberia)"}, ["lon"] = {"Malawi Lomwe"}, ["loo"] = {"Lombo"}, ["lop"] = {"Lopa"}, ["loq"] = {"Lobala"}, ["lor"] = {"Téén"}, ["los"] = {"Loniu"}, ["lot"] = {"Otuho"}, ["lou"] = {"Louisiana Creole"}, ["lov"] = {"Lopi"}, ["low"] = {"Tampias Lobu"}, ["lox"] = {"Loun"}, ["loy"] = {"Loke"}, ["loz"] = {"Лози"}, ["lpa"] = {"Lelepa"}, ["lpe"] = {"Lepki"}, ["lpn"] = {"Long Phuri Naga"}, ["lpo"] = {"Lipo"}, ["lpx"] = {"Lopit"}, ["lra"] = {"Rara Bakati'"}, ["lrc"] = {"Northern Luri"}, ["lre"] = {"Laurentian"}, ["lrg"] = {"Laragia"}, ["lri"] = {"Marachi", "Olumarachi"}, ["lrk"] = {"Loarki"}, ["lrl"] = {"Lari"}, ["lrm"] = {"Marama", "Olumarama"}, ["lrn"] = {"Lorang"}, ["lro"] = {"Laro"}, ["lrr"] = {"Southern Yamphu"}, ["lrt"] = {"Larantuka Malay"}, ["lrv"] = {"Larevat"}, ["lrz"] = {"Lemerig"}, ["lsa"] = {"Lasgerdi"}, ["lsb"] = {"Burundian Sign Language", "Langue des Signes Burundaise"}, ["lsd"] = {"Lishana Deni"}, ["lse"] = {"Lusengo"}, ["lsh"] = {"Lish"}, ["lsi"] = {"Lashi"}, ["lsl"] = {"Latvian Sign Language"}, ["lsm"] = {"Saamia", "Olusamia"}, ["lsn"] = {"Tibetan Sign Language"}, ["lso"] = {"Laos Sign Language"}, ["lsp"] = {"Panamanian Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas Panameñas"}, ["lsr"] = {"Aruop"}, ["lss"] = {"Lasi"}, ["lst"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language"}, ["lsv"] = {"Sivia Sign Language"}, ["lsy"] = {"Mauritian Sign Language"}, ["ltc"] = {"Late Middle Chinese"}, ["ltg"] = {"Латгал"}, ["lth"] = {"Thur"}, ["lti"] = {"Leti (Indonesia)"}, ["ltn"] = {"Latundê"}, ["lto"] = {"Tsotso", "Olutsotso"}, ["lts"] = {"Tachoni", "Lutachoni"}, ["ltu"] = {"Latu"}, ["lua"] = {"Luba-Lulua"}, ["luc"] = {"Aringa"}, ["lud"] = {"Ludian"}, ["lue"] = {"Luvale"}, ["luf"] = {"Laua"}, ["lui"] = {"Luiseno"}, ["luj"] = {"Luna"}, ["luk"] = {"Lunanakha"}, ["lul"] = {"Olu'bo"}, ["lum"] = {"Luimbi"}, ["lun"] = {"Lunda"}, ["luo"] = {"Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)", "Dholuo"}, ["lup"] = {"Lumbu"}, ["luq"] = {"Lucumi"}, ["lur"] = {"Laura"}, ["lus"] = {"Lushai"}, ["lut"] = {"Лушуцид"}, ["luu"] = {"Lumba-Yakkha"}, ["luv"] = {"Luwati"}, ["luw"] = {"Luo (Cameroon)"}, ["luy"] = {"Luyia", "Oluluyia"}, ["luz"] = {"Southern Luri"}, ["lva"] = {"Maku'a"}, ["lvi"] = {"Lavi"}, ["lvk"] = {"Lavukaleve"}, ["lvs"] = {"Standard Latvian"}, ["lvu"] = {"Levuka"}, ["lwa"] = {"Lwalu"}, ["lwe"] = {"Lewo Eleng"}, ["lwg"] = {"Wanga", "Oluwanga"}, ["lwh"] = {"White Lachi"}, ["lwl"] = {"Eastern Lawa"}, ["lwm"] = {"Laomian"}, ["lwo"] = {"Luwo"}, ["lws"] = {"Malawian Sign Language"}, ["lwt"] = {"Lewotobi"}, ["lwu"] = {"Lawu"}, ["lww"] = {"Lewo"}, ["lxm"] = {"Lakurumau"}, ["lya"] = {"Layakha"}, ["lyg"] = {"Lyngngam"}, ["lyn"] = {"Luyana"}, ["lzh"] = {"Literary Chinese"}, ["lzl"] = {"Litzlitz"}, ["lzn"] = {"Leinong Naga"}, ["lzz"] = {"Laz"}, ["maa"] = {"San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec"}, ["mab"] = {"Yutanduchi Mixtec"}, ["mad"] = {"Madurese"}, ["mae"] = {"Bo-Rukul"}, ["maf"] = {"Mafa"}, ["mag"] = {"Magahi"}, ["mai"] = {"Maithili"}, ["maj"] = {"Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec"}, ["mak"] = {"Makasar"}, ["mam"] = {"Mam"}, ["man"] = {"Mandingo", "Manding"}, ["map"] = {"Austronesian languages"}, ["maq"] = {"Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"}, ["mas"] = {"Masai"}, ["mat"] = {"San Francisco Matlatzinca"}, ["mau"] = {"Huautla Mazatec"}, ["mav"] = {"Sateré-Mawé"}, ["maw"] = {"Mampruli"}, ["max"] = {"North Moluccan Malay"}, ["maz"] = {"Central Mazahua"}, ["mba"] = {"Higaonon"}, ["mbb"] = {"Western Bukidnon Manobo"}, ["mbc"] = {"Macushi"}, ["mbd"] = {"Dibabawon Manobo"}, ["mbe"] = {"Molale"}, ["mbf"] = {"Baba Malay"}, ["mbh"] = {"Mangseng"}, ["mbi"] = {"Ilianen Manobo"}, ["mbj"] = {"Nadëb"}, ["mbk"] = {"Malol"}, ["mbl"] = {"Maxakalí"}, ["mbm"] = {"Ombamba"}, ["mbn"] = {"Macaguán"}, ["mbo"] = {"Mbo (Cameroon)"}, ["mbp"] = {"Malayo"}, ["mbq"] = {"Maisin"}, ["mbr"] = {"Nukak Makú"}, ["mbs"] = {"Sarangani Manobo"}, ["mbt"] = {"Matigsalug Manobo"}, ["mbu"] = {"Mbula-Bwazza"}, ["mbv"] = {"Mbulungish"}, ["mbw"] = {"Maring"}, ["mbx"] = {"Mari (East Sepik Province)"}, ["mby"] = {"Memoni"}, ["mbz"] = {"Amoltepec Mixtec"}, ["mca"] = {"Maca"}, ["mcb"] = {"Machiguenga"}, ["mcc"] = {"Bitur"}, ["mcd"] = {"Sharanahua"}, ["mce"] = {"Itundujia Mixtec"}, ["mcf"] = {"Matsés"}, ["mcg"] = {"Mapoyo"}, ["mch"] = {"Maquiritari"}, ["mci"] = {"Mese"}, ["mcj"] = {"Mvanip"}, ["mck"] = {"Mbunda"}, ["mcl"] = {"Macaguaje"}, ["mcm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Portuguese"}, ["mcn"] = {"Masana"}, ["mco"] = {"Coatlán Mixe"}, ["mcp"] = {"Makaa"}, ["mcq"] = {"Ese"}, ["mcr"] = {"Menya"}, ["mcs"] = {"Mambai"}, ["mct"] = {"Mengisa"}, ["mcu"] = {"Cameroon Mambila"}, ["mcv"] = {"Minanibai"}, ["mcw"] = {"Mawa (Chad)"}, ["mcx"] = {"Mpiemo"}, ["mcy"] = {"South Watut"}, ["mcz"] = {"Mawan"}, ["mda"] = {"Mada (Nigeria)"}, ["mdb"] = {"Morigi"}, ["mdc"] = {"Male (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdd"] = {"Mbum"}, ["mde"] = {"Maba (Chad)"}, ["mdf"] = {"Moksha"}, ["mdg"] = {"Massalat"}, ["mdh"] = {"Maguindanaon"}, ["mdi"] = {"Mamvu"}, ["mdj"] = {"Mangbetu"}, ["mdk"] = {"Mangbutu"}, ["mdl"] = {"Maltese Sign Language"}, ["mdm"] = {"Mayogo"}, ["mdn"] = {"Mbati"}, ["mdp"] = {"Mbala"}, ["mdq"] = {"Mbole"}, ["mdr"] = {"Mandar"}, ["mds"] = {"Maria (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdt"] = {"Mbere"}, ["mdu"] = {"Mboko"}, ["mdv"] = {"Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"}, ["mdw"] = {"Mbosi"}, ["mdx"] = {"Dizin"}, ["mdy"] = {"Male (Ethiopia)"}, ["mdz"] = {"Suruí Do Pará"}, ["mea"] = {"Menka"}, ["meb"] = {"Ikobi"}, ["mec"] = {"Marra"}, ["med"] = {"Melpa"}, ["mee"] = {"Mengen"}, ["mef"] = {"Megam"}, ["meh"] = {"Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["mei"] = {"Midob"}, ["mej"] = {"Meyah"}, ["mek"] = {"Mekeo"}, ["mel"] = {"Central Melanau"}, ["mem"] = {"Mangala"}, ["men"] = {"Mende (Sierra Leone)"}, ["meo"] = {"Kedah Malay"}, ["mep"] = {"Miriwoong"}, ["meq"] = {"Merey"}, ["mer"] = {"Meru"}, ["mes"] = {"Masmaje"}, ["met"] = {"Mato"}, ["meu"] = {"Motu"}, ["mev"] = {"Mano"}, ["mew"] = {"Maaka"}, ["mey"] = {"Хассания"}, ["mez"] = {"Menominee"}, ["mfa"] = {"Pattani Malay"}, ["mfb"] = {"Bangka"}, ["mfc"] = {"Mba"}, ["mfd"] = {"Mendankwe-Nkwen"}, ["mfe"] = {"Маврикийн Креол"}, ["mff"] = {"Naki"}, ["mfg"] = {"Mogofin"}, ["mfh"] = {"Matal"}, ["mfi"] = {"Wandala"}, ["mfj"] = {"Mefele"}, ["mfk"] = {"North Mofu"}, ["mfl"] = {"Putai"}, ["mfm"] = {"Marghi South"}, ["mfn"] = {"Cross River Mbembe"}, ["mfo"] = {"Mbe"}, ["mfp"] = {"Makassar Malay"}, ["mfq"] = {"Moba"}, ["mfr"] = {"Marrithiyel"}, ["mfs"] = {"Mexican Sign Language"}, ["mft"] = {"Mokerang"}, ["mfu"] = {"Mbwela"}, ["mfv"] = {"Mandjak"}, ["mfw"] = {"Mulaha"}, ["mfx"] = {"Melo"}, ["mfy"] = {"Mayo"}, ["mfz"] = {"Mabaan"}, ["mga"] = {"Middle Irish (900-1200)"}, ["mgb"] = {"Mararit"}, ["mgc"] = {"Morokodo"}, ["mgd"] = {"Moru"}, ["mge"] = {"Mango"}, ["mgf"] = {"Maklew"}, ["mgg"] = {"Mpumpong"}, ["mgh"] = {"Makhuwa-Meetto"}, ["mgi"] = {"Lijili"}, ["mgj"] = {"Abureni"}, ["mgk"] = {"Mawes"}, ["mgl"] = {"Maleu-Kilenge"}, ["mgm"] = {"Mambae"}, ["mgn"] = {"Mbangi"}, ["mgo"] = {"Meta'"}, ["mgp"] = {"Eastern Magar"}, ["mgq"] = {"Malila"}, ["mgr"] = {"Mambwe-Lungu"}, ["mgs"] = {"Manda (Tanzania)"}, ["mgt"] = {"Mongol"}, ["mgu"] = {"Mailu"}, ["mgv"] = {"Matengo"}, ["mgw"] = {"Matumbi"}, ["mgy"] = {"Mbunga"}, ["mgz"] = {"Mbugwe"}, ["mha"] = {"Manda (India)"}, ["mhb"] = {"Mahongwe"}, ["mhc"] = {"Mocho"}, ["mhd"] = {"Mbugu"}, ["mhe"] = {"Besisi", "Mah Meri"}, ["mhf"] = {"Mamaa"}, ["mhg"] = {"Margu"}, ["mhi"] = {"Ma'di"}, ["mhj"] = {"Mogholi"}, ["mhk"] = {"Mungaka"}, ["mhl"] = {"Mauwake"}, ["mhm"] = {"Makhuwa-Moniga"}, ["mhn"] = {"Mócheno"}, ["mho"] = {"Mashi (Zambia)"}, ["mhp"] = {"Balinese Malay"}, ["mhq"] = {"Mandan"}, ["mhr"] = {"Eastern Mari"}, ["mhs"] = {"Buru (Indonesia)"}, ["mht"] = {"Mandahuaca"}, ["mhu"] = {"Digaro-Mishmi", "Darang Deng"}, ["mhw"] = {"Mbukushu"}, ["mhx"] = {"Maru", "Lhaovo"}, ["mhy"] = {"Ma'anyan"}, ["mhz"] = {"Mor (Mor Islands)"}, ["mia"] = {"Майами"}, ["mib"] = {"Atatláhuca Mixtec"}, ["mic"] = {"Mi'kmaq", "Micmac"}, ["mid"] = {"Mandaic"}, ["mie"] = {"Ocotepec Mixtec"}, ["mif"] = {"Mofu-Gudur"}, ["mig"] = {"San Miguel El Grande Mixtec"}, ["mih"] = {"Chayuco Mixtec"}, ["mii"] = {"Chigmecatitlán Mixtec"}, ["mij"] = {"Abar", "Mungbam"}, ["mik"] = {"Mikasuki"}, ["mil"] = {"Peñoles Mixtec"}, ["mim"] = {"Alacatlatzala Mixtec"}, ["min"] = {"Minangkabau"}, ["mio"] = {"Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"}, ["mip"] = {"Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"}, ["miq"] = {"Mískito"}, ["mir"] = {"Isthmus Mixe"}, ["mis"] = {"Кодлогдоогүй хэлнүүд"}, ["mit"] = {"Southern Puebla Mixtec"}, ["miu"] = {"Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"}, ["miw"] = {"Akoye"}, ["mix"] = {"Mixtepec Mixtec"}, ["miy"] = {"Ayutla Mixtec"}, ["miz"] = {"Coatzospan Mixtec"}, ["mjb"] = {"Makalero"}, ["mjc"] = {"San Juan Colorado Mixtec"}, ["mjd"] = {"Northwest Maidu"}, ["mje"] = {"Muskum"}, ["mjg"] = {"Tu"}, ["mjh"] = {"Mwera (Nyasa)"}, ["mji"] = {"Kim Mun"}, ["mjj"] = {"Mawak"}, ["mjk"] = {"Matukar"}, ["mjl"] = {"Mandeali"}, ["mjm"] = {"Medebur"}, ["mjn"] = {"Ma (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mjo"] = {"Malankuravan"}, ["mjp"] = {"Malapandaram"}, ["mjq"] = {"Malaryan"}, ["mjr"] = {"Malavedan"}, ["mjs"] = {"Miship"}, ["mjt"] = {"Sauria Paharia"}, ["mju"] = {"Manna-Dora"}, ["mjv"] = {"Mannan"}, ["mjw"] = {"Karbi"}, ["mjx"] = {"Mahali"}, ["mjy"] = {"Mahican"}, ["mjz"] = {"Majhi"}, ["mka"] = {"Mbre"}, ["mkb"] = {"Mal Paharia"}, ["mkc"] = {"Siliput"}, ["mke"] = {"Mawchi"}, ["mkf"] = {"Miya"}, ["mkg"] = {"Mak (China)"}, ["mkh"] = {"Mon-Khmer languages"}, ["mki"] = {"Dhatki"}, ["mkj"] = {"Mokilese"}, ["mkk"] = {"Byep"}, ["mkl"] = {"Mokole"}, ["mkm"] = {"Moklen"}, ["mkn"] = {"Kupang Malay"}, ["mko"] = {"Mingang Doso"}, ["mkp"] = {"Moikodi"}, ["mkq"] = {"Bay Miwok"}, ["mkr"] = {"Malas"}, ["mks"] = {"Silacayoapan Mixtec"}, ["mkt"] = {"Vamale"}, ["mku"] = {"Konyanka Maninka"}, ["mkv"] = {"Mafea"}, ["mkw"] = {"Китуба (Конго)"}, ["mkx"] = {"Kinamiging Manobo"}, ["mky"] = {"East Makian"}, ["mkz"] = {"Makasae"}, ["mla"] = {"Malo"}, ["mlb"] = {"Mbule"}, ["mlc"] = {"Cao Lan"}, ["mle"] = {"Manambu"}, ["mlf"] = {"Mal"}, ["mlh"] = {"Mape"}, ["mli"] = {"Malimpung"}, ["mlj"] = {"Miltu"}, ["mlk"] = {"Ilwana", "Kiwilwana"}, ["mll"] = {"Malua Bay"}, ["mlm"] = {"Mulam"}, ["mln"] = {"Malango"}, ["mlo"] = {"Mlomp"}, ["mlp"] = {"Bargam"}, ["mlq"] = {"Western Maninkakan"}, ["mlr"] = {"Vame"}, ["mls"] = {"Masalit"}, ["mlu"] = {"To'abaita"}, ["mlv"] = {"Motlav", "Mwotlap"}, ["mlw"] = {"Moloko"}, ["mlx"] = {"Malfaxal", "Naha'ai"}, ["mlz"] = {"Malaynon"}, ["mma"] = {"Mama"}, ["mmb"] = {"Momina"}, ["mmc"] = {"Michoacán Mazahua"}, ["mmd"] = {"Maonan"}, ["mme"] = {"Mae"}, ["mmf"] = {"Mundat"}, ["mmg"] = {"North Ambrym"}, ["mmh"] = {"Mehináku"}, ["mmi"] = {"Musar"}, ["mmj"] = {"Majhwar"}, ["mmk"] = {"Mukha-Dora"}, ["mml"] = {"Man Met"}, ["mmm"] = {"Maii"}, ["mmn"] = {"Mamanwa"}, ["mmo"] = {"Mangga Buang"}, ["mmp"] = {"Siawi"}, ["mmq"] = {"Musak"}, ["mmr"] = {"Western Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mmt"] = {"Malalamai"}, ["mmu"] = {"Mmaala"}, ["mmv"] = {"Miriti"}, ["mmw"] = {"Emae"}, ["mmx"] = {"Madak"}, ["mmy"] = {"Migaama"}, ["mmz"] = {"Mabaale"}, ["mna"] = {"Mbula"}, ["mnb"] = {"Muna"}, ["mnc"] = {"Манж"}, ["mnd"] = {"Mondé"}, ["mne"] = {"Naba"}, ["mnf"] = {"Mundani"}, ["mng"] = {"Eastern Mnong"}, ["mnh"] = {"Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["mni"] = {"Манипури"}, ["mnj"] = {"Munji"}, ["mnk"] = {"Мандинка"}, ["mnl"] = {"Tiale"}, ["mnm"] = {"Mapena"}, ["mnn"] = {"Southern Mnong"}, ["mno"] = {"Manobo languages"}, ["mnp"] = {"Min Bei Chinese"}, ["mnq"] = {"Minriq"}, ["mnr"] = {"Mono (USA)"}, ["mns"] = {"Mansi"}, ["mnu"] = {"Mer"}, ["mnv"] = {"Rennell-Bellona"}, ["mnw"] = {"Mon"}, ["mnx"] = {"Manikion"}, ["mny"] = {"Manyawa"}, ["mnz"] = {"Moni"}, ["moa"] = {"Mwan"}, ["moc"] = {"Mocoví"}, ["mod"] = {"Mobilian"}, ["moe"] = {"Innu", "Montagnais"}, ["mog"] = {"Mongondow"}, ["moh"] = {"Mohawk"}, ["moi"] = {"Mboi"}, ["moj"] = {"Monzombo"}, ["mok"] = {"Morori"}, ["mom"] = {"Mangue"}, ["moo"] = {"Monom"}, ["mop"] = {"Mopán Maya"}, ["moq"] = {"Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)"}, ["mor"] = {"Moro"}, ["mos"] = {"Мооре"}, ["mot"] = {"Barí"}, ["mou"] = {"Mogum"}, ["mov"] = {"Mohave"}, ["mow"] = {"Moi (Congo)"}, ["mox"] = {"Molima"}, ["moy"] = {"Shekkacho"}, ["moz"] = {"Mukulu", "Gergiko"}, ["mpa"] = {"Mpoto"}, ["mpb"] = {"Malak Malak", "Mullukmulluk"}, ["mpc"] = {"Mangarrayi"}, ["mpd"] = {"Machinere"}, ["mpe"] = {"Majang"}, ["mpg"] = {"Marba"}, ["mph"] = {"Maung"}, ["mpi"] = {"Mpade"}, ["mpj"] = {"Martu Wangka", "Wangkajunga"}, ["mpk"] = {"Mbara (Chad)"}, ["mpl"] = {"Middle Watut"}, ["mpm"] = {"Yosondúa Mixtec"}, ["mpn"] = {"Mindiri"}, ["mpo"] = {"Miu"}, ["mpp"] = {"Migabac"}, ["mpq"] = {"Matís"}, ["mpr"] = {"Vangunu"}, ["mps"] = {"Dadibi"}, ["mpt"] = {"Mian"}, ["mpu"] = {"Makuráp"}, ["mpv"] = {"Mungkip"}, ["mpw"] = {"Mapidian"}, ["mpx"] = {"Misima-Panaeati"}, ["mpy"] = {"Mapia"}, ["mpz"] = {"Mpi"}, ["mqa"] = {"Maba (Indonesia)"}, ["mqb"] = {"Mbuko"}, ["mqc"] = {"Mangole"}, ["mqe"] = {"Matepi"}, ["mqf"] = {"Momuna"}, ["mqg"] = {"Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"}, ["mqh"] = {"Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["mqi"] = {"Mariri"}, ["mqj"] = {"Mamasa"}, ["mqk"] = {"Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"}, ["mql"] = {"Mbelime"}, ["mqm"] = {"South Marquesan"}, ["mqn"] = {"Moronene"}, ["mqo"] = {"Modole"}, ["mqp"] = {"Manipa"}, ["mqq"] = {"Minokok"}, ["mqr"] = {"Mander"}, ["mqs"] = {"West Makian"}, ["mqt"] = {"Mok"}, ["mqu"] = {"Mandari"}, ["mqv"] = {"Mosimo"}, ["mqw"] = {"Murupi"}, ["mqx"] = {"Mamuju"}, ["mqy"] = {"Manggarai"}, ["mqz"] = {"Pano"}, ["mra"] = {"Mlabri"}, ["mrb"] = {"Marino"}, ["mrc"] = {"Maricopa"}, ["mrd"] = {"Western Magar"}, ["mre"] = {"Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"}, ["mrf"] = {"Elseng"}, ["mrg"] = {"Mising"}, ["mrh"] = {"Mara Chin"}, ["mrj"] = {"Western Mari"}, ["mrk"] = {"Hmwaveke"}, ["mrl"] = {"Mortlockese"}, ["mrm"] = {"Merlav", "Mwerlap"}, ["mrn"] = {"Cheke Holo"}, ["mro"] = {"Mru"}, ["mrp"] = {"Morouas"}, ["mrq"] = {"North Marquesan"}, ["mrr"] = {"Maria (India)"}, ["mrs"] = {"Maragus"}, ["mrt"] = {"Marghi Central"}, ["mru"] = {"Mono (Cameroon)"}, ["mrv"] = {"Mangareva"}, ["mrw"] = {"Maranao"}, ["mrx"] = {"Maremgi", "Dineor"}, ["mry"] = {"Mandaya"}, ["mrz"] = {"Marind"}, ["msb"] = {"Masbatenyo"}, ["msc"] = {"Sankaran Maninka"}, ["msd"] = {"Yucatec Maya Sign Language"}, ["mse"] = {"Musey"}, ["msf"] = {"Mekwei"}, ["msg"] = {"Moraid"}, ["msh"] = {"Masikoro Malagasy"}, ["msi"] = {"Sabah Malay"}, ["msj"] = {"Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["msk"] = {"Mansaka"}, ["msl"] = {"Molof", "Poule"}, ["msm"] = {"Agusan Manobo"}, ["msn"] = {"Vurës"}, ["mso"] = {"Mombum"}, ["msp"] = {"Maritsauá"}, ["msq"] = {"Caac"}, ["msr"] = {"Mongolian Sign Language"}, ["mss"] = {"West Masela"}, ["msu"] = {"Musom"}, ["msv"] = {"Maslam"}, ["msw"] = {"Mansoanka"}, ["msx"] = {"Moresada"}, ["msy"] = {"Aruamu"}, ["msz"] = {"Momare"}, ["mta"] = {"Cotabato Manobo"}, ["mtb"] = {"Anyin Morofo"}, ["mtc"] = {"Munit"}, ["mtd"] = {"Mualang"}, ["mte"] = {"Mono (Solomon Islands)"}, ["mtf"] = {"Murik (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtg"] = {"Una"}, ["mth"] = {"Munggui"}, ["mti"] = {"Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtj"] = {"Moskona"}, ["mtk"] = {"Mbe'"}, ["mtl"] = {"Montol"}, ["mtm"] = {"Mator"}, ["mtn"] = {"Matagalpa"}, ["mto"] = {"Totontepec Mixe"}, ["mtp"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Nocten"}, ["mtq"] = {"Muong"}, ["mtr"] = {"Mewari"}, ["mts"] = {"Yora"}, ["mtt"] = {"Mota"}, ["mtu"] = {"Tututepec Mixtec"}, ["mtv"] = {"Asaro'o"}, ["mtw"] = {"Southern Binukidnon"}, ["mtx"] = {"Tidaá Mixtec"}, ["mty"] = {"Nabi"}, ["mua"] = {"Mundang"}, ["mub"] = {"Mubi"}, ["muc"] = {"Ajumbu"}, ["mud"] = {"Mednyj Aleut"}, ["mue"] = {"Media Lengua"}, ["mug"] = {"Musgu"}, ["muh"] = {"Mündü"}, ["mui"] = {"Musi"}, ["muj"] = {"Mabire"}, ["muk"] = {"Mugom"}, ["mul"] = {"Multiple languages"}, ["mum"] = {"Maiwala"}, ["mun"] = {"Munda languages"}, ["muo"] = {"Nyong"}, ["mup"] = {"Malvi"}, ["muq"] = {"Eastern Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mur"] = {"Murle"}, ["mus"] = {"Creek"}, ["mut"] = {"Western Muria"}, ["muu"] = {"Yaaku"}, ["muv"] = {"Muthuvan"}, ["mux"] = {"Bo-Ung"}, ["muy"] = {"Muyang"}, ["muz"] = {"Mursi"}, ["mva"] = {"Manam"}, ["mvb"] = {"Mattole"}, ["mvd"] = {"Mamboru"}, ["mve"] = {"Marwari (Pakistan)"}, ["mvf"] = {"Peripheral Mongolian"}, ["mvg"] = {"Yucuañe Mixtec"}, ["mvh"] = {"Mulgi"}, ["mvi"] = {"Miyako"}, ["mvk"] = {"Mekmek"}, ["mvl"] = {"Mbara (Australia)"}, ["mvn"] = {"Minaveha"}, ["mvo"] = {"Marovo"}, ["mvp"] = {"Duri"}, ["mvq"] = {"Moere"}, ["mvr"] = {"Marau"}, ["mvs"] = {"Massep"}, ["mvt"] = {"Mpotovoro"}, ["mvu"] = {"Marfa"}, ["mvv"] = {"Tagal Murut"}, ["mvw"] = {"Machinga"}, ["mvx"] = {"Meoswar"}, ["mvy"] = {"Indus Kohistani"}, ["mvz"] = {"Mesqan"}, ["mwa"] = {"Mwatebu"}, ["mwb"] = {"Juwal"}, ["mwc"] = {"Are"}, ["mwe"] = {"Mwera (Chimwera)"}, ["mwf"] = {"Murrinh-Patha"}, ["mwg"] = {"Aiklep"}, ["mwh"] = {"Mouk-Aria"}, ["mwi"] = {"Labo", "Ninde"}, ["mwk"] = {"Kita Maninkakan"}, ["mwl"] = {"Mirandese"}, ["mwm"] = {"Sar"}, ["mwn"] = {"Nyamwanga"}, ["mwo"] = {"Central Maewo"}, ["mwp"] = {"Kala Lagaw Ya"}, ["mwq"] = {"Mün Chin"}, ["mwr"] = {"Marwari"}, ["mws"] = {"Mwimbi-Muthambi"}, ["mwt"] = {"Moken"}, ["mwu"] = {"Mittu"}, ["mwv"] = {"Mentawai"}, ["mww"] = {"Hmong Daw"}, ["mwz"] = {"Moingi"}, ["mxa"] = {"Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"}, ["mxb"] = {"Tezoatlán Mixtec"}, ["mxc"] = {"Manyika"}, ["mxd"] = {"Modang"}, ["mxe"] = {"Mele-Fila"}, ["mxf"] = {"Malgbe"}, ["mxg"] = {"Mbangala"}, ["mxh"] = {"Mvuba"}, ["mxi"] = {"Mozarabic"}, ["mxj"] = {"Miju-Mishmi", "Geman Deng"}, ["mxk"] = {"Monumbo"}, ["mxl"] = {"Maxi Gbe"}, ["mxm"] = {"Meramera"}, ["mxn"] = {"Moi (Indonesia)"}, ["mxo"] = {"Mbowe"}, ["mxp"] = {"Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"}, ["mxq"] = {"Juquila Mixe"}, ["mxr"] = {"Murik (Malaysia)"}, ["mxs"] = {"Huitepec Mixtec"}, ["mxt"] = {"Jamiltepec Mixtec"}, ["mxu"] = {"Mada (Cameroon)"}, ["mxv"] = {"Metlatónoc Mixtec"}, ["mxw"] = {"Namo"}, ["mxx"] = {"Mahou", "Mawukakan"}, ["mxy"] = {"Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"}, ["mxz"] = {"Central Masela"}, ["myb"] = {"Mbay"}, ["myc"] = {"Mayeka"}, ["mye"] = {"Myene"}, ["myf"] = {"Bambassi"}, ["myg"] = {"Manta"}, ["myh"] = {"Makah"}, ["myj"] = {"Mangayat"}, ["myk"] = {"Mamara Senoufo"}, ["myl"] = {"Moma"}, ["mym"] = {"Me'en"}, ["myn"] = {"Mayan languages"}, ["myo"] = {"Anfillo"}, ["myp"] = {"Pirahã"}, ["myr"] = {"Muniche"}, ["mys"] = {"Mesmes"}, ["myu"] = {"Mundurukú"}, ["myv"] = {"Erzya"}, ["myw"] = {"Muyuw"}, ["myx"] = {"Масаба"}, ["myy"] = {"Macuna"}, ["myz"] = {"Classical Mandaic"}, ["mza"] = {"Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec"}, ["mzb"] = {"Tumzabt"}, ["mzc"] = {"Madagascar Sign Language"}, ["mzd"] = {"Malimba"}, ["mze"] = {"Morawa"}, ["mzg"] = {"Monastic Sign Language"}, ["mzh"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"}, ["mzi"] = {"Ixcatlán Mazatec"}, ["mzj"] = {"Manya"}, ["mzk"] = {"Nigeria Mambila"}, ["mzl"] = {"Mazatlán Mixe"}, ["mzm"] = {"Mumuye"}, ["mzn"] = {"Mazanderani"}, ["mzo"] = {"Matipuhy"}, ["mzp"] = {"Movima"}, ["mzq"] = {"Mori Atas"}, ["mzr"] = {"Marúbo"}, ["mzs"] = {"Macanese"}, ["mzt"] = {"Mintil"}, ["mzu"] = {"Inapang"}, ["mzv"] = {"Manza"}, ["mzw"] = {"Deg"}, ["mzx"] = {"Mawayana"}, ["mzy"] = {"Mozambican Sign Language"}, ["mzz"] = {"Maiadomu"}, ["naa"] = {"Namla"}, ["nab"] = {"Southern Nambikuára"}, ["nac"] = {"Narak"}, ["nae"] = {"Naka'ela"}, ["naf"] = {"Nabak"}, ["nag"] = {"Naga Pidgin"}, ["nah"] = {"Nahuatl languages"}, ["nai"] = {"North American Indian languages"}, ["naj"] = {"Nalu"}, ["nak"] = {"Nakanai"}, ["nal"] = {"Nalik"}, ["nam"] = {"Ngan'gityemerri"}, ["nan"] = {"Min Nan Chinese"}, ["nao"] = {"Naaba"}, ["nap"] = {"Neapolitan"}, ["naq"] = {"Хоехое", "Нама (Намиби)"}, ["nar"] = {"Iguta"}, ["nas"] = {"Naasioi"}, ["nat"] = {"Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱", "Hungworo"}, ["naw"] = {"Nawuri"}, ["nax"] = {"Nakwi"}, ["nay"] = {"Ngarrindjeri"}, ["naz"] = {"Coatepec Nahuatl"}, ["nba"] = {"Nyemba"}, ["nbb"] = {"Ndoe"}, ["nbc"] = {"Chang Naga"}, ["nbd"] = {"Ngbinda"}, ["nbe"] = {"Konyak Naga"}, ["nbg"] = {"Nagarchal"}, ["nbh"] = {"Ngamo"}, ["nbi"] = {"Mao Naga"}, ["nbj"] = {"Ngarinyman"}, ["nbk"] = {"Nake"}, ["nbm"] = {"Ngbaka Ma'bo"}, ["nbn"] = {"Kuri"}, ["nbo"] = {"Nkukoli"}, ["nbp"] = {"Nnam"}, ["nbq"] = {"Nggem"}, ["nbr"] = {"Numana"}, ["nbs"] = {"Namibian Sign Language"}, ["nbt"] = {"Na"}, ["nbu"] = {"Rongmei Naga"}, ["nbv"] = {"Ngamambo"}, ["nbw"] = {"Southern Ngbandi"}, ["nby"] = {"Ningera"}, ["nca"] = {"Iyo"}, ["ncb"] = {"Central Nicobarese"}, ["ncc"] = {"Ponam"}, ["ncd"] = {"Nachering"}, ["nce"] = {"Yale"}, ["ncf"] = {"Notsi"}, ["ncg"] = {"Nisga'a"}, ["nch"] = {"Central Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nci"] = {"Classical Nahuatl"}, ["ncj"] = {"Northern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["nck"] = {"Na-kara"}, ["ncl"] = {"Michoacán Nahuatl"}, ["ncm"] = {"Nambo"}, ["ncn"] = {"Nauna"}, ["nco"] = {"Sibe"}, ["ncq"] = {"Northern Katang"}, ["ncr"] = {"Ncane"}, ["ncs"] = {"Nicaraguan Sign Language"}, ["nct"] = {"Chothe Naga"}, ["ncu"] = {"Chumburung"}, ["ncx"] = {"Central Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["ncz"] = {"Natchez"}, ["nda"] = {"Ndasa"}, ["ndb"] = {"Kenswei Nsei"}, ["ndc"] = {"Ndau"}, ["ndd"] = {"Nde-Nsele-Nta"}, ["ndf"] = {"Nadruvian"}, ["ndg"] = {"Ndengereko"}, ["ndh"] = {"Ndali"}, ["ndi"] = {"Samba Leko"}, ["ndj"] = {"Ndamba"}, ["ndk"] = {"Ndaka"}, ["ndl"] = {"Ndolo"}, ["ndm"] = {"Ndam"}, ["ndn"] = {"Ngundi"}, ["ndp"] = {"Ndo"}, ["ndq"] = {"Ndombe"}, ["ndr"] = {"Ndoola"}, ["nds"] = {"Доод Герман", "Доод Саксон"}, ["ndt"] = {"Ndunga"}, ["ndu"] = {"Dugun"}, ["ndv"] = {"Ndut"}, ["ndw"] = {"Ndobo"}, ["ndx"] = {"Nduga"}, ["ndy"] = {"Lutos"}, ["ndz"] = {"Ndogo"}, ["nea"] = {"Eastern Ngad'a"}, ["neb"] = {"Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["nec"] = {"Nedebang"}, ["ned"] = {"Nde-Gbite"}, ["nee"] = {"Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak"}, ["nef"] = {"Nefamese"}, ["neg"] = {"Negidal"}, ["neh"] = {"Nyenkha"}, ["nei"] = {"Neo-Hittite"}, ["nej"] = {"Neko"}, ["nek"] = {"Neku"}, ["nem"] = {"Nemi"}, ["nen"] = {"Nengone"}, ["neo"] = {"Ná-Meo"}, ["neq"] = {"North Central Mixe"}, ["ner"] = {"Yahadian"}, ["nes"] = {"Bhoti Kinnauri"}, ["net"] = {"Nete"}, ["neu"] = {"Neo"}, ["nev"] = {"Nyaheun"}, ["new"] = {"Невар", "Непал Бхаса"}, ["nex"] = {"Neme"}, ["ney"] = {"Neyo"}, ["nez"] = {"Nez Perce"}, ["nfa"] = {"Dhao"}, ["nfd"] = {"Ahwai"}, ["nfl"] = {"Ayiwo", "Äiwoo"}, ["nfr"] = {"Nafaanra"}, ["nfu"] = {"Mfumte"}, ["nga"] = {"Ngbaka"}, ["ngb"] = {"Northern Ngbandi"}, ["ngc"] = {"Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["ngd"] = {"Ngando (Central African Republic)"}, ["nge"] = {"Ngemba"}, ["ngf"] = {"Trans-New Guinea languages"}, ["ngg"] = {"Ngbaka Manza"}, ["ngh"] = {"Nǁng"}, ["ngi"] = {"Ngizim"}, ["ngj"] = {"Ngie"}, ["ngk"] = {"Dalabon"}, ["ngl"] = {"Lomwe"}, ["ngm"] = {"Ngatik Men's Creole"}, ["ngn"] = {"Ngwo"}, ["ngp"] = {"Ngulu"}, ["ngq"] = {"Ngurimi", "Ngoreme"}, ["ngr"] = {"Engdewu"}, ["ngs"] = {"Gvoko"}, ["ngt"] = {"Kriang", "Ngeq"}, ["ngu"] = {"Guerrero Nahuatl"}, ["ngv"] = {"Nagumi"}, ["ngw"] = {"Ngwaba"}, ["ngx"] = {"Nggwahyi"}, ["ngy"] = {"Tibea"}, ["ngz"] = {"Ngungwel"}, ["nha"] = {"Nhanda"}, ["nhb"] = {"Beng"}, ["nhc"] = {"Tabasco Nahuatl"}, ["nhd"] = {"Chiripá", "Ava Guaraní"}, ["nhe"] = {"Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhf"] = {"Nhuwala"}, ["nhg"] = {"Tetelcingo Nahuatl"}, ["nhh"] = {"Nahari"}, ["nhi"] = {"Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl"}, ["nhk"] = {"Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl"}, ["nhm"] = {"Morelos Nahuatl"}, ["nhn"] = {"Төв Нахуатл"}, ["nho"] = {"Takuu"}, ["nhp"] = {"Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhq"] = {"Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"}, ["nhr"] = {"Naro"}, ["nht"] = {"Ometepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhu"] = {"Noone"}, ["nhv"] = {"Temascaltepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhw"] = {"Western Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhx"] = {"Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhy"] = {"Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl"}, ["nhz"] = {"Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"}, ["nia"] = {"Nias"}, ["nib"] = {"Nakame"}, ["nic"] = {"Niger-Kordofanian languages"}, ["nid"] = {"Ngandi"}, ["nie"] = {"Niellim"}, ["nif"] = {"Nek"}, ["nig"] = {"Ngalakgan"}, ["nih"] = {"Nyiha (Tanzania)"}, ["nii"] = {"Nii"}, ["nij"] = {"Ngaju"}, ["nik"] = {"Southern Nicobarese"}, ["nil"] = {"Nila"}, ["nim"] = {"Nilamba"}, ["nin"] = {"Ninzo"}, ["nio"] = {"Nganasan"}, ["niq"] = {"Nandi"}, ["nir"] = {"Nimboran"}, ["nis"] = {"Nimi"}, ["nit"] = {"Southeastern Kolami"}, ["niu"] = {"Ниуэ"}, ["niv"] = {"Gilyak"}, ["niw"] = {"Nimo"}, ["nix"] = {"Hema"}, ["niy"] = {"Ngiti"}, ["niz"] = {"Ningil"}, ["nja"] = {"Nzanyi"}, ["njb"] = {"Nocte Naga"}, ["njd"] = {"Ndonde Hamba"}, ["njh"] = {"Lotha Naga"}, ["nji"] = {"Gudanji"}, ["njj"] = {"Njen"}, ["njl"] = {"Njalgulgule"}, ["njm"] = {"Angami Naga"}, ["njn"] = {"Liangmai Naga"}, ["njo"] = {"Ao Naga"}, ["njr"] = {"Njerep"}, ["njs"] = {"Nisa"}, ["njt"] = {"Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"}, ["nju"] = {"Ngadjunmaya"}, ["njx"] = {"Kunyi"}, ["njy"] = {"Njyem"}, ["njz"] = {"Nyishi"}, ["nka"] = {"Nkoya"}, ["nkb"] = {"Khoibu Naga"}, ["nkc"] = {"Nkongho"}, ["nkd"] = {"Koireng"}, ["nke"] = {"Duke"}, ["nkf"] = {"Inpui Naga"}, ["nkg"] = {"Nekgini"}, ["nkh"] = {"Khezha Naga"}, ["nki"] = {"Thangal Naga"}, ["nkj"] = {"Nakai"}, ["nkk"] = {"Nokuku"}, ["nkm"] = {"Namat"}, ["nkn"] = {"Nkangala"}, ["nko"] = {"Nkonya"}, ["nkp"] = {"Niuatoputapu"}, ["nkq"] = {"Nkami"}, ["nkr"] = {"Nukuoro"}, ["nks"] = {"North Asmat"}, ["nkt"] = {"Nyika (Tanzania)"}, ["nku"] = {"Bouna Kulango"}, ["nkv"] = {"Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)"}, ["nkw"] = {"Nkutu"}, ["nkx"] = {"Nkoroo"}, ["nkz"] = {"Nkari"}, ["nla"] = {"Ngombale"}, ["nlc"] = {"Nalca"}, ["nle"] = {"East Nyala"}, ["nlg"] = {"Gela"}, ["nli"] = {"Grangali"}, ["nlj"] = {"Nyali"}, ["nlk"] = {"Ninia Yali"}, ["nll"] = {"Nihali"}, ["nlm"] = {"Mankiyali"}, ["nlo"] = {"Ngul"}, ["nlq"] = {"Lao Naga"}, ["nlu"] = {"Nchumbulu"}, ["nlv"] = {"Orizaba Nahuatl"}, ["nlw"] = {"Walangama"}, ["nlx"] = {"Nahali"}, ["nly"] = {"Nyamal"}, ["nlz"] = {"Nalögo"}, ["nma"] = {"Maram Naga"}, ["nmb"] = {"Big Nambas", "V'ënen Taut"}, ["nmc"] = {"Ngam"}, ["nmd"] = {"Ndumu"}, ["nme"] = {"Mzieme Naga"}, ["nmf"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (India)"}, ["nmg"] = {"Kwasio"}, ["nmh"] = {"Monsang Naga"}, ["nmi"] = {"Nyam"}, ["nmj"] = {"Ngombe (Central African Republic)"}, ["nmk"] = {"Namakura"}, ["nml"] = {"Ndemli"}, ["nmm"] = {"Manangba"}, ["nmn"] = {"ǃXóõ"}, ["nmo"] = {"Moyon Naga"}, ["nmp"] = {"Nimanbur"}, ["nmq"] = {"Nambya"}, ["nmr"] = {"Nimbari"}, ["nms"] = {"Letemboi"}, ["nmt"] = {"Namonuito"}, ["nmu"] = {"Northeast Maidu"}, ["nmv"] = {"Ngamini"}, ["nmw"] = {"Nimoa", "Rifao"}, ["nmx"] = {"Nama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["nmy"] = {"Namuyi"}, ["nmz"] = {"Nawdm"}, ["nna"] = {"Nyangumarta"}, ["nnb"] = {"Nande"}, ["nnc"] = {"Nancere"}, ["nnd"] = {"West Ambae"}, ["nne"] = {"Ngandyera"}, ["nnf"] = {"Ngaing"}, ["nng"] = {"Maring Naga"}, ["nnh"] = {"Ngiemboon"}, ["nni"] = {"North Nuaulu"}, ["nnj"] = {"Nyangatom"}, ["nnk"] = {"Nankina"}, ["nnl"] = {"Northern Rengma Naga"}, ["nnm"] = {"Namia"}, ["nnn"] = {"Ngete"}, ["nnp"] = {"Wancho Naga"}, ["nnq"] = {"Ngindo"}, ["nnr"] = {"Narungga"}, ["nnt"] = {"Nanticoke"}, ["nnu"] = {"Dwang"}, ["nnv"] = {"Nugunu (Australia)"}, ["nnw"] = {"Southern Nuni"}, ["nny"] = {"Nyangga"}, ["nnz"] = {"Nda'nda'"}, ["noa"] = {"Woun Meu"}, ["noc"] = {"Nuk"}, ["nod"] = {"Northern Thai"}, ["noe"] = {"Nimadi"}, ["nof"] = {"Nomane"}, ["nog"] = {"Ногай"}, ["noh"] = {"Nomu"}, ["noi"] = {"Noiri"}, ["noj"] = {"Nonuya"}, ["nok"] = {"Nooksack"}, ["nol"] = {"Nomlaki"}, ["nom"] = {"Nocamán"}, ["non"] = {"Эртний Скандинав"}, ["nop"] = {"Numanggang"}, ["noq"] = {"Ngongo"}, ["nos"] = {"Eastern Nisu"}, ["not"] = {"Nomatsiguenga"}, ["nou"] = {"Ewage-Notu"}, ["nov"] = {"Novial"}, ["now"] = {"Nyambo"}, ["noy"] = {"Noy"}, ["noz"] = {"Nayi"}, ["npa"] = {"Nar Phu"}, ["npb"] = {"Nupbikha"}, ["npg"] = {"Ponyo-Gongwang Naga"}, ["nph"] = {"Phom Naga"}, ["npi"] = {"Nepali (individual language)"}, ["npl"] = {"Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["npn"] = {"Mondropolon"}, ["npo"] = {"Pochuri Naga"}, ["nps"] = {"Nipsan"}, ["npu"] = {"Puimei Naga"}, ["npx"] = {"Noipx"}, ["npy"] = {"Napu"}, ["nqg"] = {"Southern Nago"}, ["nqk"] = {"Kura Ede Nago"}, ["nql"] = {"Ngendelengo"}, ["nqm"] = {"Ndom"}, ["nqn"] = {"Nen"}, ["nqo"] = {"Нко", "Нко"}, ["nqq"] = {"Kyan-Karyaw Naga"}, ["nqt"] = {"Nteng"}, ["nqy"] = {"Akyaung Ari Naga"}, ["nra"] = {"Ngom"}, ["nrb"] = {"Nara"}, ["nrc"] = {"Noric"}, ["nre"] = {"Southern Rengma Naga"}, ["nrf"] = {"Жерси", "Гернси"}, ["nrg"] = {"Narango"}, ["nri"] = {"Chokri Naga"}, ["nrk"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nrl"] = {"Ngarluma"}, ["nrm"] = {"Narom"}, ["nrn"] = {"Norn"}, ["nrp"] = {"North Picene"}, ["nrr"] = {"Norra", "Nora"}, ["nrt"] = {"Northern Kalapuya"}, ["nru"] = {"Narua"}, ["nrx"] = {"Ngurmbur"}, ["nrz"] = {"Lala"}, ["nsa"] = {"Sangtam Naga"}, ["nsb"] = {"Lower Nossob"}, ["nsc"] = {"Nshi"}, ["nsd"] = {"Southern Nisu"}, ["nse"] = {"Nsenga"}, ["nsf"] = {"Northwestern Nisu"}, ["nsg"] = {"Ngasa"}, ["nsh"] = {"Ngoshie"}, ["nsi"] = {"Nigerian Sign Language"}, ["nsk"] = {"Naskapi"}, ["nsl"] = {"Norwegian Sign Language"}, ["nsm"] = {"Sumi Naga"}, ["nsn"] = {"Nehan"}, ["nso"] = {"Педи", "Хойд Сото", "Сепеди"}, ["nsp"] = {"Nepalese Sign Language"}, ["nsq"] = {"Northern Sierra Miwok"}, ["nsr"] = {"Maritime Sign Language"}, ["nss"] = {"Nali"}, ["nst"] = {"Tase Naga"}, ["nsu"] = {"Sierra Negra Nahuatl"}, ["nsv"] = {"Southwestern Nisu"}, ["nsw"] = {"Navut"}, ["nsx"] = {"Nsongo"}, ["nsy"] = {"Nasal"}, ["nsz"] = {"Nisenan"}, ["ntd"] = {"Northern Tidung"}, ["nte"] = {"Nathembo"}, ["ntg"] = {"Ngantangarra"}, ["nti"] = {"Natioro"}, ["ntj"] = {"Ngaanyatjarra"}, ["ntk"] = {"Ikoma-Nata-Isenye"}, ["ntm"] = {"Nateni"}, ["nto"] = {"Ntomba"}, ["ntp"] = {"Northern Tepehuan"}, ["ntr"] = {"Delo"}, ["ntu"] = {"Natügu"}, ["ntw"] = {"Nottoway"}, ["ntx"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)"}, ["nty"] = {"Mantsi"}, ["ntz"] = {"Natanzi"}, ["nua"] = {"Yuanga"}, ["nub"] = {"Nubian languages"}, ["nuc"] = {"Nukuini"}, ["nud"] = {"Ngala"}, ["nue"] = {"Ngundu"}, ["nuf"] = {"Nusu"}, ["nug"] = {"Nungali"}, ["nuh"] = {"Ndunda"}, ["nui"] = {"Ngumbi"}, ["nuj"] = {"Nyole"}, ["nuk"] = {"Nuu-chah-nulth", "Nuuchahnulth"}, ["nul"] = {"Nusa Laut"}, ["num"] = {"Niuafo'ou"}, ["nun"] = {"Anong"}, ["nuo"] = {"Nguôn"}, ["nup"] = {"Nupe-Nupe-Tako"}, ["nuq"] = {"Nukumanu"}, ["nur"] = {"Nukuria"}, ["nus"] = {"Nuer"}, ["nut"] = {"Nung (Viet Nam)"}, ["nuu"] = {"Ngbundu"}, ["nuv"] = {"Northern Nuni"}, ["nuw"] = {"Nguluwan"}, ["nux"] = {"Mehek"}, ["nuy"] = {"Nunggubuyu"}, ["nuz"] = {"Tlamacazapa Nahuatl"}, ["nvh"] = {"Nasarian"}, ["nvm"] = {"Namiae"}, ["nvo"] = {"Nyokon"}, ["nwa"] = {"Nawathinehena"}, ["nwb"] = {"Nyabwa"}, ["nwc"] = {"Classical Newari", "Classical Nepal Bhasa", "Old Newari"}, ["nwe"] = {"Ngwe"}, ["nwg"] = {"Ngayawung"}, ["nwi"] = {"Southwest Tanna"}, ["nwm"] = {"Nyamusa-Molo"}, ["nwo"] = {"Nauo"}, ["nwr"] = {"Nawaru"}, ["nwx"] = {"Middle Newar"}, ["nwy"] = {"Nottoway-Meherrin"}, ["nxa"] = {"Nauete"}, ["nxd"] = {"Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["nxe"] = {"Nage"}, ["nxg"] = {"Ngad'a"}, ["nxi"] = {"Nindi"}, ["nxk"] = {"Koki Naga"}, ["nxl"] = {"South Nuaulu"}, ["nxm"] = {"Numidian"}, ["nxn"] = {"Ngawun"}, ["nxo"] = {"Ndambomo"}, ["nxq"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nxr"] = {"Ninggerum"}, ["nxx"] = {"Nafri"}, ["nyb"] = {"Nyangbo"}, ["nyc"] = {"Nyanga-li"}, ["nyd"] = {"Nyore", "Olunyole"}, ["nye"] = {"Nyengo"}, ["nyf"] = {"Giryama", "Kigiryama"}, ["nyg"] = {"Nyindu"}, ["nyh"] = {"Nyikina"}, ["nyi"] = {"Ama (Sudan)"}, ["nyj"] = {"Nyanga"}, ["nyk"] = {"Nyaneka"}, ["nyl"] = {"Nyeu"}, ["nym"] = {"Nyamwezi"}, ["nyn"] = {"Nyankole"}, ["nyo"] = {"Nyoro"}, ["nyp"] = {"Nyang'i"}, ["nyq"] = {"Nayini"}, ["nyr"] = {"Nyiha (Malawi)"}, ["nys"] = {"Nyungar"}, ["nyt"] = {"Nyawaygi"}, ["nyu"] = {"Nyungwe"}, ["nyv"] = {"Nyulnyul"}, ["nyw"] = {"Nyaw"}, ["nyx"] = {"Nganyaywana"}, ["nyy"] = {"Nyakyusa-Ngonde"}, ["nza"] = {"Tigon Mbembe"}, ["nzb"] = {"Njebi"}, ["nzd"] = {"Nzadi"}, ["nzi"] = {"Nzima"}, ["nzk"] = {"Nzakara"}, ["nzm"] = {"Zeme Naga"}, ["nzs"] = {"New Zealand Sign Language"}, ["nzu"] = {"Teke-Nzikou"}, ["nzy"] = {"Nzakambay"}, ["nzz"] = {"Nanga Dama Dogon"}, ["oaa"] = {"Orok"}, ["oac"] = {"Oroch"}, ["oar"] = {"Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)", "Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)"}, ["oav"] = {"Old Avar"}, ["obi"] = {"Obispeño"}, ["obk"] = {"Southern Bontok"}, ["obl"] = {"Oblo"}, ["obm"] = {"Moabite"}, ["obo"] = {"Obo Manobo"}, ["obr"] = {"Old Burmese"}, ["obt"] = {"Old Breton"}, ["obu"] = {"Obulom"}, ["oca"] = {"Ocaina"}, ["och"] = {"Old Chinese"}, ["ocm"] = {"Old Cham"}, ["oco"] = {"Old Cornish"}, ["ocu"] = {"Atzingo Matlatzinca"}, ["oda"] = {"Odut"}, ["odk"] = {"Od"}, ["odt"] = {"Old Dutch"}, ["odu"] = {"Odual"}, ["ofo"] = {"Ofo"}, ["ofs"] = {"Old Frisian"}, ["ofu"] = {"Efutop"}, ["ogb"] = {"Ogbia"}, ["ogc"] = {"Ogbah"}, ["oge"] = {"Old Georgian"}, ["ogg"] = {"Ogbogolo"}, ["ogo"] = {"Khana"}, ["ogu"] = {"Ogbronuagum"}, ["oht"] = {"Old Hittite"}, ["ohu"] = {"Old Hungarian"}, ["oia"] = {"Oirata"}, ["oin"] = {"Inebu One"}, ["ojb"] = {"Northwestern Ojibwa"}, ["ojc"] = {"Central Ojibwa"}, ["ojg"] = {"Eastern Ojibwa"}, ["ojp"] = {"Old Japanese"}, ["ojs"] = {"Severn Ojibwa"}, ["ojv"] = {"Ontong Java"}, ["ojw"] = {"Western Ojibwa"}, ["oka"] = {"Okanagan"}, ["okb"] = {"Okobo"}, ["okc"] = {"Kobo"}, ["okd"] = {"Okodia"}, ["oke"] = {"Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"}, ["okg"] = {"Koko Babangk"}, ["okh"] = {"Koresh-e Rostam"}, ["oki"] = {"Okiek"}, ["okj"] = {"Oko-Juwoi"}, ["okk"] = {"Kwamtim One"}, ["okl"] = {"Old Kentish Sign Language"}, ["okm"] = {"Middle Korean (10th-16th cent.)"}, ["okn"] = {"Oki-No-Erabu"}, ["oko"] = {"Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)"}, ["okr"] = {"Kirike"}, ["oks"] = {"Oko-Eni-Osayen"}, ["oku"] = {"Oku"}, ["okv"] = {"Orokaiva"}, ["okx"] = {"Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"}, ["okz"] = {"Old Khmer"}, ["ola"] = {"Walungge"}, ["old"] = {"Mochi"}, ["ole"] = {"Olekha"}, ["olk"] = {"Olkol"}, ["olm"] = {"Oloma"}, ["olo"] = {"Livvi"}, ["olr"] = {"Olrat"}, ["olt"] = {"Old Lithuanian"}, ["olu"] = {"Kuvale"}, ["oma"] = {"Omaha-Ponca"}, ["omb"] = {"East Ambae"}, ["omc"] = {"Mochica"}, ["omg"] = {"Omagua"}, ["omi"] = {"Omi"}, ["omk"] = {"Omok"}, ["oml"] = {"Ombo"}, ["omn"] = {"Minoan"}, ["omo"] = {"Utarmbung"}, ["omp"] = {"Old Manipuri"}, ["omq"] = {"Oto-Manguean languages"}, ["omr"] = {"Old Marathi"}, ["omt"] = {"Omotik"}, ["omu"] = {"Omurano"}, ["omv"] = {"Omotic languages"}, ["omw"] = {"South Tairora"}, ["omx"] = {"Old Mon"}, ["omy"] = {"Old Malay"}, ["ona"] = {"Ona"}, ["onb"] = {"Lingao"}, ["one"] = {"Oneida"}, ["ong"] = {"Olo"}, ["oni"] = {"Onin"}, ["onj"] = {"Onjob"}, ["onk"] = {"Kabore One"}, ["onn"] = {"Onobasulu"}, ["ono"] = {"Onondaga"}, ["onp"] = {"Sartang"}, ["onr"] = {"Northern One"}, ["ons"] = {"Ono"}, ["ont"] = {"Ontenu"}, ["onu"] = {"Unua"}, ["onw"] = {"Old Nubian"}, ["onx"] = {"Onin Based Pidgin"}, ["ood"] = {"Тохоно Оодхам"}, ["oog"] = {"Ong"}, ["oon"] = {"Önge"}, ["oor"] = {"Oorlams"}, ["oos"] = {"Old Ossetic"}, ["opa"] = {"Okpamheri"}, ["opk"] = {"Kopkaka"}, ["opm"] = {"Oksapmin"}, ["opo"] = {"Opao"}, ["opt"] = {"Opata"}, ["opy"] = {"Ofayé"}, ["ora"] = {"Oroha"}, ["orc"] = {"Orma"}, ["ore"] = {"Orejón"}, ["org"] = {"Oring"}, ["orh"] = {"Орчон"}, ["orn"] = {"Orang Kanaq"}, ["oro"] = {"Orokolo"}, ["orr"] = {"Oruma"}, ["ors"] = {"Orang Seletar"}, ["ort"] = {"Adivasi Oriya"}, ["oru"] = {"Ormuri"}, ["orv"] = {"Эртний Орос"}, ["orw"] = {"Oro Win"}, ["orx"] = {"Oro"}, ["ory"] = {"Odia (individual language)", "Oriya (individual language)"}, ["orz"] = {"Ormu"}, ["osa"] = {"Osage"}, ["osc"] = {"Oscan"}, ["osi"] = {"Osing"}, ["osn"] = {"Old Sundanese"}, ["oso"] = {"Ososo"}, ["osp"] = {"Old Spanish"}, ["ost"] = {"Osatu"}, ["osu"] = {"Southern One"}, ["osx"] = {"Old Saxon"}, ["ota"] = {"Османы Турк (1500-1928)"}, ["otb"] = {"Old Tibetan"}, ["otd"] = {"Ot Danum"}, ["ote"] = {"Mezquital Otomi"}, ["oti"] = {"Oti"}, ["otk"] = {"Эртний Түрэг"}, ["otl"] = {"Tilapa Otomi"}, ["otm"] = {"Eastern Highland Otomi"}, ["otn"] = {"Tenango Otomi"}, ["oto"] = {"Отоми хэлнүүд"}, ["otq"] = {"Querétaro Otomi"}, ["otr"] = {"Otoro"}, ["ots"] = {"Estado de México Otomi"}, ["ott"] = {"Temoaya Otomi"}, ["otu"] = {"Otuke"}, ["otw"] = {"Ottawa"}, ["otx"] = {"Texcatepec Otomi"}, ["oty"] = {"Old Tamil"}, ["otz"] = {"Ixtenco Otomi"}, ["oua"] = {"Tagargrent"}, ["oub"] = {"Glio-Oubi"}, ["oue"] = {"Oune"}, ["oui"] = {"Old Uighur"}, ["oum"] = {"Ouma"}, ["ovd"] = {"Elfdalian", "Övdalian"}, ["owi"] = {"Owiniga"}, ["owl"] = {"Old Welsh"}, ["oyb"] = {"Oy"}, ["oyd"] = {"Oyda"}, ["oym"] = {"Wayampi"}, ["oyy"] = {"Oya'oya"}, ["ozm"] = {"Koonzime"}, ["paa"] = {"Papuan languages"}, ["pab"] = {"Parecís"}, ["pac"] = {"Pacoh"}, ["pad"] = {"Paumarí"}, ["pae"] = {"Pagibete"}, ["paf"] = {"Paranawát"}, ["pag"] = {"Pangasinan"}, ["pah"] = {"Tenharim"}, ["pai"] = {"Pe"}, ["pak"] = {"Parakanã"}, ["pal"] = {"Pahlavi"}, ["pam"] = {"Пампанга", "Капампанган"}, ["pao"] = {"Northern Paiute"}, ["pap"] = {"Папиаменто"}, ["paq"] = {"Parya"}, ["par"] = {"Panamint", "Timbisha"}, ["pas"] = {"Papasena"}, ["pau"] = {"Палау"}, ["pav"] = {"Pakaásnovos"}, ["paw"] = {"Pawnee"}, ["pax"] = {"Pankararé"}, ["pay"] = {"Pech"}, ["paz"] = {"Pankararú"}, ["pbb"] = {"Páez"}, ["pbc"] = {"Patamona"}, ["pbe"] = {"Mezontla Popoloca"}, ["pbf"] = {"Coyotepec Popoloca"}, ["pbg"] = {"Paraujano"}, ["pbh"] = {"E'ñapa Woromaipu"}, ["pbi"] = {"Parkwa"}, ["pbl"] = {"Mak (Nigeria)"}, ["pbm"] = {"Puebla Mazatec"}, ["pbn"] = {"Kpasam"}, ["pbo"] = {"Papel"}, ["pbp"] = {"Badyara"}, ["pbr"] = {"Pangwa"}, ["pbs"] = {"Central Pame"}, ["pbt"] = {"Southern Pashto"}, ["pbu"] = {"Northern Pashto"}, ["pbv"] = {"Pnar"}, ["pby"] = {"Pyu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pca"] = {"Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"}, ["pcb"] = {"Pear"}, ["pcc"] = {"Bouyei"}, ["pcd"] = {"Picard"}, ["pce"] = {"Ruching Palaung"}, ["pcf"] = {"Paliyan"}, ["pcg"] = {"Paniya"}, ["pch"] = {"Pardhan"}, ["pci"] = {"Duruwa"}, ["pcj"] = {"Parenga"}, ["pck"] = {"Paite Chin"}, ["pcl"] = {"Pardhi"}, ["pcm"] = {"Nigerian Pidgin"}, ["pcn"] = {"Piti"}, ["pcp"] = {"Pacahuara"}, ["pcw"] = {"Pyapun"}, ["pda"] = {"Anam"}, ["pdc"] = {"Pennsylvania German"}, ["pdi"] = {"Pa Di"}, ["pdn"] = {"Podena", "Fedan"}, ["pdo"] = {"Padoe"}, ["pdt"] = {"Plautdietsch"}, ["pdu"] = {"Kayan"}, ["pea"] = {"Peranakan Indonesian"}, ["peb"] = {"Eastern Pomo"}, ["ped"] = {"Mala (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pee"] = {"Taje"}, ["pef"] = {"Northeastern Pomo"}, ["peg"] = {"Pengo"}, ["peh"] = {"Баоань"}, ["pei"] = {"Chichimeca-Jonaz"}, ["pej"] = {"Northern Pomo"}, ["pek"] = {"Penchal"}, ["pel"] = {"Pekal"}, ["pem"] = {"Phende"}, ["peo"] = {"Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)"}, ["pep"] = {"Kunja"}, ["peq"] = {"Southern Pomo"}, ["pes"] = {"Iranian Persian"}, ["pev"] = {"Pémono"}, ["pex"] = {"Petats"}, ["pey"] = {"Petjo"}, ["pez"] = {"Eastern Penan"}, ["pfa"] = {"Pááfang"}, ["pfe"] = {"Pere"}, ["pfl"] = {"Пфальц"}, ["pga"] = {"Sudanese Creole Arabic"}, ["pgd"] = {"Gāndhārī"}, ["pgg"] = {"Pangwali"}, ["pgi"] = {"Pagi"}, ["pgk"] = {"Rerep"}, ["pgl"] = {"Primitive Irish"}, ["pgn"] = {"Paelignian"}, ["pgs"] = {"Pangseng"}, ["pgu"] = {"Pagu"}, ["pgz"] = {"Papua New Guinean Sign Language"}, ["pha"] = {"Pa-Hng"}, ["phd"] = {"Phudagi"}, ["phg"] = {"Phuong"}, ["phh"] = {"Phukha"}, ["phi"] = {"Philippine languages"}, ["phk"] = {"Phake"}, ["phl"] = {"Phalura", "Palula"}, ["phm"] = {"Phimbi"}, ["phn"] = {"Phoenician"}, ["pho"] = {"Phunoi"}, ["phq"] = {"Phana'"}, ["phr"] = {"Pahari-Potwari"}, ["pht"] = {"Phu Thai"}, ["phu"] = {"Phuan"}, ["phv"] = {"Pahlavani"}, ["phw"] = {"Phangduwali"}, ["pia"] = {"Pima Bajo"}, ["pib"] = {"Yine"}, ["pic"] = {"Pinji"}, ["pid"] = {"Piaroa"}, ["pie"] = {"Piro"}, ["pif"] = {"Pingelapese"}, ["pig"] = {"Pisabo"}, ["pih"] = {"Pitcairn-Norfolk"}, ["pii"] = {"Pini"}, ["pij"] = {"Pijao"}, ["pil"] = {"Yom"}, ["pim"] = {"Powhatan"}, ["pin"] = {"Piame"}, ["pio"] = {"Piapoco"}, ["pip"] = {"Pero"}, ["pir"] = {"Piratapuyo"}, ["pis"] = {"Pijin"}, ["pit"] = {"Pitta Pitta"}, ["piu"] = {"Pintupi-Luritja"}, ["piv"] = {"Pileni", "Vaeakau-Taumako"}, ["piw"] = {"Pimbwe"}, ["pix"] = {"Piu"}, ["piy"] = {"Piya-Kwonci"}, ["piz"] = {"Pije"}, ["pjt"] = {"Pitjantjatjara"}, ["pka"] = {"Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit"}, ["pkb"] = {"Pokomo", "Kipfokomo"}, ["pkc"] = {"Paekche"}, ["pkg"] = {"Pak-Tong"}, ["pkh"] = {"Pankhu"}, ["pkn"] = {"Pakanha"}, ["pko"] = {"Pökoot"}, ["pkp"] = {"Pukapuka"}, ["pkr"] = {"Attapady Kurumba"}, ["pks"] = {"Pakistan Sign Language"}, ["pkt"] = {"Maleng"}, ["pku"] = {"Paku"}, ["pla"] = {"Miani"}, ["plb"] = {"Polonombauk"}, ["plc"] = {"Central Palawano"}, ["pld"] = {"Polari"}, ["ple"] = {"Palu'e"}, ["plf"] = {"Central Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["plg"] = {"Pilagá"}, ["plh"] = {"Paulohi"}, ["plj"] = {"Polci"}, ["plk"] = {"Kohistani Shina"}, ["pll"] = {"Shwe Palaung"}, ["pln"] = {"Palenquero"}, ["plo"] = {"Oluta Popoluca"}, ["plq"] = {"Palaic"}, ["plr"] = {"Palaka Senoufo"}, ["pls"] = {"San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca", "San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca"}, ["plt"] = {"Plateau Malagasy"}, ["plu"] = {"Palikúr"}, ["plv"] = {"Southwest Palawano"}, ["plw"] = {"Brooke's Point Palawano"}, ["ply"] = {"Bolyu"}, ["plz"] = {"Paluan"}, ["pma"] = {"Paama"}, ["pmb"] = {"Pambia"}, ["pmd"] = {"Pallanganmiddang"}, ["pme"] = {"Pwaamei"}, ["pmf"] = {"Pamona"}, ["pmh"] = {"Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit"}, ["pmi"] = {"Northern Pumi"}, ["pmj"] = {"Southern Pumi"}, ["pmk"] = {"Pamlico"}, ["pml"] = {"Lingua Franca"}, ["pmm"] = {"Pomo"}, ["pmn"] = {"Pam"}, ["pmo"] = {"Pom"}, ["pmq"] = {"Northern Pame"}, ["pmr"] = {"Paynamar"}, ["pms"] = {"Пьемонт"}, ["pmt"] = {"Tuamotuan"}, ["pmw"] = {"Plains Miwok"}, ["pmx"] = {"Poumei Naga"}, ["pmy"] = {"Papuan Malay"}, ["pmz"] = {"Southern Pame"}, ["pna"] = {"Punan Bah-Biau"}, ["pnb"] = {"Western Panjabi"}, ["pnc"] = {"Pannei"}, ["pnd"] = {"Mpinda"}, ["pne"] = {"Western Penan"}, ["png"] = {"Pangu", "Pongu"}, ["pnh"] = {"Пенрин"}, ["pni"] = {"Aoheng"}, ["pnj"] = {"Pinjarup"}, ["pnk"] = {"Paunaka"}, ["pnl"] = {"Paleni"}, ["pnm"] = {"Punan Batu 1"}, ["pnn"] = {"Pinai-Hagahai"}, ["pno"] = {"Panobo"}, ["pnp"] = {"Pancana"}, ["pnq"] = {"Pana (Burkina Faso)"}, ["pnr"] = {"Panim"}, ["pns"] = {"Ponosakan"}, ["pnt"] = {"Pontic"}, ["pnu"] = {"Jiongnai Bunu"}, ["pnv"] = {"Pinigura"}, ["pnw"] = {"Banyjima", "Panytyima"}, ["pnx"] = {"Phong-Kniang"}, ["pny"] = {"Pinyin"}, ["pnz"] = {"Pana (Central African Republic)"}, ["poc"] = {"Poqomam"}, ["poe"] = {"San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"}, ["pof"] = {"Poke"}, ["pog"] = {"Potiguára"}, ["poh"] = {"Poqomchi'"}, ["poi"] = {"Highland Popoluca"}, ["pok"] = {"Pokangá"}, ["pom"] = {"Southeastern Pomo"}, ["pon"] = {"Pohnpeian"}, ["poo"] = {"Central Pomo"}, ["pop"] = {"Pwapwâ"}, ["poq"] = {"Texistepec Popoluca"}, ["pos"] = {"Sayula Popoluca"}, ["pot"] = {"Potawatomi"}, ["pov"] = {"Upper Guinea Crioulo"}, ["pow"] = {"San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"}, ["pox"] = {"Polabian"}, ["poy"] = {"Pogolo"}, ["poz"] = {"Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["ppe"] = {"Papi"}, ["ppi"] = {"Paipai"}, ["ppk"] = {"Uma"}, ["ppl"] = {"Pipil", "Nicarao"}, ["ppm"] = {"Papuma"}, ["ppn"] = {"Papapana"}, ["ppo"] = {"Folopa"}, ["ppp"] = {"Pelende"}, ["ppq"] = {"Pei"}, ["pps"] = {"San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"}, ["ppt"] = {"Pare"}, ["ppu"] = {"Papora"}, ["pqa"] = {"Pa'a"}, ["pqe"] = {"Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["pqm"] = {"Malecite-Passamaquoddy"}, ["pqw"] = {"Western Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["pra"] = {"Prakrit languages"}, ["prc"] = {"Parachi"}, ["prd"] = {"Parsi-Dari"}, ["pre"] = {"Principense"}, ["prf"] = {"Paranan"}, ["prg"] = {"Прусс"}, ["prh"] = {"Porohanon"}, ["pri"] = {"Paicî"}, ["prk"] = {"Parauk"}, ["prl"] = {"Peruvian Sign Language"}, ["prm"] = {"Kibiri"}, ["prn"] = {"Prasuni"}, ["pro"] = {"Old Provençal (to 1500)", "Old Occitan (to 1500)"}, ["prp"] = {"Parsi"}, ["prq"] = {"Ashéninka Perené"}, ["prr"] = {"Puri"}, ["prs"] = {"Дари", "Дари Перс"}, ["prt"] = {"Phai"}, ["pru"] = {"Puragi"}, ["prw"] = {"Parawen"}, ["prx"] = {"Purik"}, ["prz"] = {"Providencia Sign Language"}, ["psa"] = {"Asue Awyu"}, ["psc"] = {"Persian Sign Language"}, ["psd"] = {"Plains Indian Sign Language"}, ["pse"] = {"Central Malay"}, ["psg"] = {"Penang Sign Language"}, ["psh"] = {"Southwest Pashai", "Southwest Pashayi"}, ["psi"] = {"Southeast Pashai", "Southeast Pashayi"}, ["psl"] = {"Puerto Rican Sign Language"}, ["psm"] = {"Pauserna"}, ["psn"] = {"Panasuan"}, ["pso"] = {"Polish Sign Language"}, ["psp"] = {"Philippine Sign Language"}, ["psq"] = {"Pasi"}, ["psr"] = {"Portuguese Sign Language"}, ["pss"] = {"Kaulong"}, ["pst"] = {"Central Pashto"}, ["psu"] = {"Sauraseni Prākrit"}, ["psw"] = {"Port Sandwich"}, ["psy"] = {"Piscataway"}, ["pta"] = {"Pai Tavytera"}, ["pth"] = {"Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe"}, ["pti"] = {"Pindiini", "Wangkatha"}, ["ptn"] = {"Patani"}, ["pto"] = {"Zo'é"}, ["ptp"] = {"Patep"}, ["ptq"] = {"Pattapu"}, ["ptr"] = {"Piamatsina"}, ["ptt"] = {"Enrekang"}, ["ptu"] = {"Bambam"}, ["ptv"] = {"Port Vato"}, ["ptw"] = {"Pentlatch"}, ["pty"] = {"Pathiya"}, ["pua"] = {"Western Highland Purepecha"}, ["pub"] = {"Purum"}, ["puc"] = {"Punan Merap"}, ["pud"] = {"Punan Aput"}, ["pue"] = {"Puelche"}, ["puf"] = {"Punan Merah"}, ["pug"] = {"Phuie"}, ["pui"] = {"Puinave"}, ["puj"] = {"Punan Tubu"}, ["pum"] = {"Puma"}, ["puo"] = {"Puoc"}, ["pup"] = {"Pulabu"}, ["puq"] = {"Puquina"}, ["pur"] = {"Puruborá"}, ["put"] = {"Putoh"}, ["puu"] = {"Punu"}, ["puw"] = {"Puluwatese"}, ["pux"] = {"Puare"}, ["puy"] = {"Purisimeño"}, ["pwa"] = {"Pawaia"}, ["pwb"] = {"Panawa"}, ["pwg"] = {"Gapapaiwa"}, ["pwi"] = {"Patwin"}, ["pwm"] = {"Molbog"}, ["pwn"] = {"Paiwan"}, ["pwo"] = {"Pwo Western Karen"}, ["pwr"] = {"Powari"}, ["pww"] = {"Pwo Northern Karen"}, ["pxm"] = {"Quetzaltepec Mixe"}, ["pye"] = {"Pye Krumen"}, ["pym"] = {"Fyam"}, ["pyn"] = {"Poyanáwa"}, ["pys"] = {"Paraguayan Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas del Paraguay"}, ["pyu"] = {"Puyuma"}, ["pyx"] = {"Pyu (Myanmar)"}, ["pyy"] = {"Pyen"}, ["pzn"] = {"Para Naga"}, ["qua"] = {"Quapaw"}, ["qub"] = {"Huallaga Huánuco Quechua"}, ["quc"] = {"K'iche'", "Quiché"}, ["qud"] = {"Calderón Highland Quichua"}, ["quf"] = {"Lambayeque Quechua"}, ["qug"] = {"Chimborazo Highland Quichua"}, ["quh"] = {"South Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qui"] = {"Quileute"}, ["quk"] = {"Chachapoyas Quechua"}, ["qul"] = {"North Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qum"] = {"Sipacapense"}, ["qun"] = {"Quinault"}, ["qup"] = {"Southern Pastaza Quechua"}, ["quq"] = {"Quinqui"}, ["qur"] = {"Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua"}, ["qus"] = {"Santiago del Estero Quichua"}, ["quv"] = {"Sacapulteco"}, ["quw"] = {"Tena Lowland Quichua"}, ["qux"] = {"Yauyos Quechua"}, ["quy"] = {"Ayacucho Quechua"}, ["quz"] = {"Cusco Quechua"}, ["qva"] = {"Ambo-Pasco Quechua"}, ["qvc"] = {"Cajamarca Quechua"}, ["qve"] = {"Eastern Apurímac Quechua"}, ["qvh"] = {"Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qvi"] = {"Imbabura Highland Quichua"}, ["qvj"] = {"Loja Highland Quichua"}, ["qvl"] = {"Cajatambo North Lima Quechua"}, ["qvm"] = {"Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua"}, ["qvn"] = {"North Junín Quechua"}, ["qvo"] = {"Napo Lowland Quechua"}, ["qvp"] = {"Pacaraos Quechua"}, ["qvs"] = {"San Martín Quechua"}, ["qvw"] = {"Huaylla Wanca Quechua"}, ["qvy"] = {"Queyu"}, ["qvz"] = {"Northern Pastaza Quichua"}, ["qwa"] = {"Corongo Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwc"] = {"Classical Quechua"}, ["qwe"] = {"Quechuan (family)"}, ["qwh"] = {"Huaylas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwm"] = {"Kuman (Russia)"}, ["qws"] = {"Sihuas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwt"] = {"Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai"}, ["qxa"] = {"Chiquián Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxc"] = {"Chincha Quechua"}, ["qxh"] = {"Panao Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qxl"] = {"Salasaca Highland Quichua"}, ["qxn"] = {"Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxo"] = {"Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxp"] = {"Puno Quechua"}, ["qxq"] = {"Qashqa'i"}, ["qxr"] = {"Cañar Highland Quichua"}, ["qxs"] = {"Southern Qiang"}, ["qxt"] = {"Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua"}, ["qxu"] = {"Arequipa-La Unión Quechua"}, ["qxw"] = {"Jauja Wanca Quechua"}, ["qya"] = {"Quenya"}, ["qyp"] = {"Quiripi"}, ["raa"] = {"Dungmali"}, ["rab"] = {"Camling"}, ["rac"] = {"Rasawa"}, ["rad"] = {"Rade"}, ["raf"] = {"Western Meohang"}, ["rag"] = {"Logooli", "Lulogooli"}, ["rah"] = {"Rabha"}, ["rai"] = {"Ramoaaina"}, ["raj"] = {"Rajasthani"}, ["rak"] = {"Tulu-Bohuai"}, ["ral"] = {"Ralte"}, ["ram"] = {"Canela"}, ["ran"] = {"Riantana"}, ["rao"] = {"Rao"}, ["rap"] = {"Рапануй"}, ["raq"] = {"Saam"}, ["rar"] = {"Rarotongan", "Маори"}, ["ras"] = {"Tegali"}, ["rat"] = {"Razajerdi"}, ["rau"] = {"Raute"}, ["rav"] = {"Sampang"}, ["raw"] = {"Rawang"}, ["rax"] = {"Rang"}, ["ray"] = {"Rapa"}, ["raz"] = {"Rahambuu"}, ["rbb"] = {"Rumai Palaung"}, ["rbk"] = {"Northern Bontok"}, ["rbl"] = {"Miraya Bikol"}, ["rbp"] = {"Barababaraba"}, ["rcf"] = {"Réunion Creole French"}, ["rdb"] = {"Rudbari"}, ["rea"] = {"Rerau"}, ["reb"] = {"Rembong"}, ["ree"] = {"Rejang Kayan"}, ["reg"] = {"Kara (Tanzania)"}, ["rei"] = {"Reli"}, ["rej"] = {"Rejang"}, ["rel"] = {"Rendille"}, ["rem"] = {"Remo"}, ["ren"] = {"Rengao"}, ["rer"] = {"Rer Bare"}, ["res"] = {"Reshe"}, ["ret"] = {"Retta"}, ["rey"] = {"Reyesano"}, ["rga"] = {"Roria"}, ["rge"] = {"Romano-Greek"}, ["rgk"] = {"Rangkas"}, ["rgn"] = {"Romagnol"}, ["rgr"] = {"Resígaro"}, ["rgs"] = {"Southern Roglai"}, ["rgu"] = {"Ringgou"}, ["rhg"] = {"Rohingya"}, ["rhp"] = {"Yahang"}, ["ria"] = {"Riang (India)"}, ["rif"] = {"Tarifit"}, ["ril"] = {"Riang Lang", "Riang (Myanmar)"}, ["rim"] = {"Nyaturu"}, ["rin"] = {"Nungu"}, ["rir"] = {"Ribun"}, ["rit"] = {"Ritharrngu"}, ["riu"] = {"Riung"}, ["rjg"] = {"Rajong"}, ["rji"] = {"Raji"}, ["rjs"] = {"Rajbanshi"}, ["rka"] = {"Kraol"}, ["rkb"] = {"Rikbaktsa"}, ["rkh"] = {"Rakahanga-Manihiki"}, ["rki"] = {"Rakhine"}, ["rkm"] = {"Marka"}, ["rkt"] = {"Rangpuri", "Kamta"}, ["rkw"] = {"Arakwal"}, ["rma"] = {"Rama"}, ["rmb"] = {"Rembarrnga"}, ["rmc"] = {"Carpathian Romani"}, ["rmd"] = {"Traveller Danish"}, ["rme"] = {"Angloromani"}, ["rmf"] = {"Kalo Finnish Romani"}, ["rmg"] = {"Traveller Norwegian"}, ["rmh"] = {"Murkim"}, ["rmi"] = {"Lomavren"}, ["rmk"] = {"Romkun"}, ["rml"] = {"Baltic Romani"}, ["rmm"] = {"Roma"}, ["rmn"] = {"Balkan Romani"}, ["rmo"] = {"Sinte Romani"}, ["rmp"] = {"Rempi"}, ["rmq"] = {"Caló"}, ["rms"] = {"Romanian Sign Language"}, ["rmt"] = {"Domari"}, ["rmu"] = {"Tavringer Romani"}, ["rmv"] = {"Romanova"}, ["rmw"] = {"Welsh Romani"}, ["rmx"] = {"Romam"}, ["rmy"] = {"Vlax Romani"}, ["rmz"] = {"Marma"}, ["rnd"] = {"Ruund"}, ["rng"] = {"Ronga"}, ["rnl"] = {"Ranglong"}, ["rnn"] = {"Roon"}, ["rnp"] = {"Rongpo"}, ["rnr"] = {"Nari Nari"}, ["rnw"] = {"Rungwa"}, ["roa"] = {"Romance languages"}, ["rob"] = {"Tae'"}, ["roc"] = {"Cacgia Roglai"}, ["rod"] = {"Rogo"}, ["roe"] = {"Ronji"}, ["rof"] = {"Rombo"}, ["rog"] = {"Northern Roglai"}, ["rol"] = {"Romblomanon"}, ["rom"] = {"Romany"}, ["roo"] = {"Rotokas"}, ["rop"] = {"Kriol"}, ["ror"] = {"Rongga"}, ["rou"] = {"Runga"}, ["row"] = {"Dela-Oenale"}, ["rpn"] = {"Repanbitip"}, ["rpt"] = {"Rapting"}, ["rri"] = {"Ririo"}, ["rro"] = {"Waima"}, ["rrt"] = {"Arritinngithigh"}, ["rsb"] = {"Romano-Serbian"}, ["rsl"] = {"Russian Sign Language"}, ["rsm"] = {"Miriwoong Sign Language"}, ["rtc"] = {"Rungtu Chin"}, ["rth"] = {"Ratahan"}, ["rtm"] = {"Rotuman"}, ["rts"] = {"Yurats"}, ["rtw"] = {"Rathawi"}, ["rub"] = {"Gungu"}, ["ruc"] = {"Ruuli"}, ["rue"] = {"Русин"}, ["ruf"] = {"Luguru"}, ["rug"] = {"Roviana"}, ["ruh"] = {"Ruga"}, ["rui"] = {"Rufiji"}, ["ruk"] = {"Che"}, ["ruo"] = {"Istro Romanian"}, ["rup"] = {"Macedo-Romanian", "Aromanian", "Arumanian"}, ["ruq"] = {"Megleno Romanian"}, ["rut"] = {"Рутуль"}, ["ruu"] = {"Lanas Lobu"}, ["ruy"] = {"Mala (Nigeria)"}, ["ruz"] = {"Ruma"}, ["rwa"] = {"Rawo"}, ["rwk"] = {"Rwa"}, ["rwl"] = {"Ruwila"}, ["rwm"] = {"Amba (Uganda)"}, ["rwo"] = {"Rawa"}, ["rwr"] = {"Marwari (India)"}, ["rxd"] = {"Ngardi"}, ["rxw"] = {"Karuwali", "Garuwali"}, ["ryn"] = {"Northern Amami-Oshima"}, ["rys"] = {"Yaeyama"}, ["ryu"] = {"Төв Окинава"}, ["rzh"] = {"Rāziḥī"}, ["saa"] = {"Saba"}, ["sab"] = {"Buglere"}, ["sac"] = {"Meskwaki"}, ["sad"] = {"Sandawe"}, ["sae"] = {"Sabanê"}, ["saf"] = {"Safaliba"}, ["sah"] = {"Якут"}, ["sai"] = {"South American Indian languages"}, ["saj"] = {"Sahu"}, ["sak"] = {"Sake"}, ["sal"] = {"Salishan languages"}, ["sam"] = {"Samaritan Aramaic"}, ["sao"] = {"Sause"}, ["saq"] = {"Samburu"}, ["sar"] = {"Saraveca"}, ["sas"] = {"Sasak"}, ["sat"] = {"Santali"}, ["sau"] = {"Saleman"}, ["sav"] = {"Saafi-Saafi"}, ["saw"] = {"Sawi"}, ["sax"] = {"Sa"}, ["say"] = {"Saya"}, ["saz"] = {"Saurashtra"}, ["sba"] = {"Ngambay"}, ["sbb"] = {"Simbo"}, ["sbc"] = {"Kele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["sbd"] = {"Southern Samo"}, ["sbe"] = {"Saliba"}, ["sbf"] = {"Chabu", "Shabo"}, ["sbg"] = {"Seget"}, ["sbh"] = {"Sori-Harengan"}, ["sbi"] = {"Seti"}, ["sbj"] = {"Surbakhal"}, ["sbk"] = {"Safwa"}, ["sbl"] = {"Botolan Sambal"}, ["sbm"] = {"Sagala"}, ["sbn"] = {"Sindhi Bhil"}, ["sbo"] = {"Sabüm"}, ["sbp"] = {"Sangu (Tanzania)"}, ["sbq"] = {"Sileibi"}, ["sbr"] = {"Sembakung Murut"}, ["sbs"] = {"Subiya"}, ["sbt"] = {"Kimki"}, ["sbu"] = {"Stod Bhoti"}, ["sbv"] = {"Sabine"}, ["sbw"] = {"Simba"}, ["sbx"] = {"Seberuang"}, ["sby"] = {"Soli"}, ["sbz"] = {"Sara Kaba"}, ["scb"] = {"Chut"}, ["sce"] = {"Дуншян"}, ["scf"] = {"San Miguel Creole French"}, ["scg"] = {"Sanggau"}, ["sch"] = {"Sakachep"}, ["sci"] = {"Sri Lankan Creole Malay"}, ["sck"] = {"Sadri"}, ["scl"] = {"Shina"}, ["scn"] = {"Сицили"}, ["sco"] = {"Скот"}, ["scp"] = {"Hyolmo", "Helambu Sherpa"}, ["scq"] = {"Sa'och"}, ["scs"] = {"North Slavey"}, ["sct"] = {"Southern Katang"}, ["scu"] = {"Shumcho"}, ["scv"] = {"Sheni"}, ["scw"] = {"Sha"}, ["scx"] = {"Sicel"}, ["sda"] = {"Toraja-Sa'dan"}, ["sdb"] = {"Shabak"}, ["sdc"] = {"Sassarese Sardinian"}, ["sde"] = {"Surubu"}, ["sdf"] = {"Sarli"}, ["sdg"] = {"Savi"}, ["sdh"] = {"Өмнөд Курд"}, ["sdj"] = {"Suundi"}, ["sdk"] = {"Sos Kundi"}, ["sdl"] = {"Saudi Arabian Sign Language"}, ["sdn"] = {"Gallurese Sardinian"}, ["sdo"] = {"Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"}, ["sdp"] = {"Sherdukpen"}, ["sdq"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sdr"] = {"Oraon Sadri"}, ["sds"] = {"Sened"}, ["sdt"] = {"Shuadit"}, ["sdu"] = {"Sarudu"}, ["sdv"] = {"Eastern Sudanic languages"}, ["sdx"] = {"Sibu Melanau"}, ["sdz"] = {"Sallands"}, ["sea"] = {"Semai"}, ["seb"] = {"Shempire Senoufo"}, ["sec"] = {"Sechelt"}, ["sed"] = {"Sedang"}, ["see"] = {"Seneca"}, ["sef"] = {"Cebaara Senoufo"}, ["seg"] = {"Segeju"}, ["seh"] = {"Sena"}, ["sei"] = {"Seri"}, ["sej"] = {"Sene"}, ["sek"] = {"Sekani"}, ["sel"] = {"Selkup"}, ["sem"] = {"Semitic languages"}, ["sen"] = {"Nanerigé Sénoufo"}, ["seo"] = {"Suarmin"}, ["sep"] = {"Sìcìté Sénoufo"}, ["seq"] = {"Senara Sénoufo"}, ["ser"] = {"Serrano"}, ["ses"] = {"Koyraboro Senni Songhai"}, ["set"] = {"Sentani"}, ["seu"] = {"Serui-Laut"}, ["sev"] = {"Nyarafolo Senoufo"}, ["sew"] = {"Sewa Bay"}, ["sey"] = {"Secoya"}, ["sez"] = {"Senthang Chin"}, ["sfb"] = {"Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone", "French Belgian Sign Language"}, ["sfe"] = {"Eastern Subanen"}, ["sfm"] = {"Small Flowery Miao"}, ["sfs"] = {"South African Sign Language"}, ["sfw"] = {"Sehwi"}, ["sga"] = {"Old Irish (to 900)"}, ["sgb"] = {"Mag-antsi Ayta"}, ["sgc"] = {"Kipsigis"}, ["sgd"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sge"] = {"Segai"}, ["sgg"] = {"Swiss-German Sign Language"}, ["sgh"] = {"Shughni"}, ["sgi"] = {"Suga"}, ["sgj"] = {"Surgujia"}, ["sgk"] = {"Sangkong"}, ["sgm"] = {"Singa"}, ["sgn"] = {"Sign languages"}, ["sgp"] = {"Singpho"}, ["sgr"] = {"Sangisari"}, ["sgs"] = {"Жемайт"}, ["sgt"] = {"Brokpake"}, ["sgu"] = {"Salas"}, ["sgw"] = {"Sebat Bet Gurage"}, ["sgx"] = {"Sierra Leone Sign Language"}, ["sgy"] = {"Sanglechi"}, ["sgz"] = {"Sursurunga"}, ["sha"] = {"Shall-Zwall"}, ["shb"] = {"Ninam"}, ["shc"] = {"Sonde"}, ["shd"] = {"Kundal Shahi"}, ["she"] = {"Sheko"}, ["shg"] = {"Shua"}, ["shh"] = {"Shoshoni"}, ["shi"] = {"Tachelhit"}, ["shj"] = {"Shatt"}, ["shk"] = {"Shilluk"}, ["shl"] = {"Shendu"}, ["shm"] = {"Shahrudi"}, ["shn"] = {"Shan"}, ["sho"] = {"Shanga"}, ["shp"] = {"Shipibo-Conibo"}, ["shq"] = {"Sala"}, ["shr"] = {"Shi"}, ["shs"] = {"Shuswap"}, ["sht"] = {"Shasta"}, ["shu"] = {"Chadian Arabic"}, ["shv"] = {"Shehri"}, ["shw"] = {"Shwai"}, ["shx"] = {"She"}, ["shy"] = {"Tachawit"}, ["shz"] = {"Syenara Senoufo"}, ["sia"] = {"Akkala Sami"}, ["sib"] = {"Sebop"}, ["sid"] = {"Sidamo"}, ["sie"] = {"Simaa"}, ["sif"] = {"Siamou"}, ["sig"] = {"Paasaal"}, ["sih"] = {"Zire", "Sîshëë"}, ["sii"] = {"Shom Peng"}, ["sij"] = {"Numbami"}, ["sik"] = {"Sikiana"}, ["sil"] = {"Tumulung Sisaala"}, ["sim"] = {"Mende (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["sio"] = {"Siouan languages"}, ["sip"] = {"Sikkimese"}, ["siq"] = {"Sonia"}, ["sir"] = {"Siri"}, ["sis"] = {"Siuslaw"}, ["sit"] = {"Sino-Tibetan languages"}, ["siu"] = {"Sinagen"}, ["siv"] = {"Sumariup"}, ["siw"] = {"Siwai"}, ["six"] = {"Sumau"}, ["siy"] = {"Sivandi"}, ["siz"] = {"Siwi"}, ["sja"] = {"Epena"}, ["sjb"] = {"Sajau Basap"}, ["sjd"] = {"Kildin Sami"}, ["sje"] = {"Pite Sami"}, ["sjg"] = {"Assangori"}, ["sjk"] = {"Kemi Sami"}, ["sjl"] = {"Sajalong", "Miji"}, ["sjm"] = {"Mapun"}, ["sjn"] = {"Sindarin"}, ["sjo"] = {"Xibe"}, ["sjp"] = {"Surjapuri"}, ["sjr"] = {"Siar-Lak"}, ["sjs"] = {"Senhaja De Srair"}, ["sjt"] = {"Ter Sami"}, ["sju"] = {"Уме Сами"}, ["sjw"] = {"Shawnee"}, ["ska"] = {"Skagit"}, ["skb"] = {"Saek"}, ["skc"] = {"Ma Manda"}, ["skd"] = {"Southern Sierra Miwok"}, ["ske"] = {"Seke (Vanuatu)"}, ["skf"] = {"Sakirabiá"}, ["skg"] = {"Sakalava Malagasy"}, ["skh"] = {"Sikule"}, ["ski"] = {"Sika"}, ["skj"] = {"Seke (Nepal)"}, ["skm"] = {"Kutong"}, ["skn"] = {"Kolibugan Subanon"}, ["sko"] = {"Seko Tengah"}, ["skp"] = {"Sekapan"}, ["skq"] = {"Sininkere"}, ["skr"] = {"Saraiki", "Seraiki"}, ["sks"] = {"Maia"}, ["skt"] = {"Sakata"}, ["sku"] = {"Sakao"}, ["skv"] = {"Skou"}, ["skw"] = {"Skepi Creole Dutch"}, ["skx"] = {"Seko Padang"}, ["sky"] = {"Sikaiana"}, ["skz"] = {"Sekar"}, ["sla"] = {"Slavic languages"}, ["slc"] = {"Sáliba"}, ["sld"] = {"Sissala"}, ["sle"] = {"Sholaga"}, ["slf"] = {"Swiss-Italian Sign Language"}, ["slg"] = {"Selungai Murut"}, ["slh"] = {"Southern Puget Sound Salish"}, ["sli"] = {"Lower Silesian"}, ["slj"] = {"Salumá"}, ["sll"] = {"Salt-Yui"}, ["slm"] = {"Pangutaran Sama"}, ["sln"] = {"Salinan"}, ["slp"] = {"Lamaholot"}, ["slq"] = {"Salchuq"}, ["slr"] = {"Салар"}, ["sls"] = {"Singapore Sign Language"}, ["slt"] = {"Sila"}, ["slu"] = {"Selaru"}, ["slw"] = {"Sialum"}, ["slx"] = {"Salampasu"}, ["sly"] = {"Selayar"}, ["slz"] = {"Ma'ya"}, ["sma"] = {"Өмнөд Сами"}, ["smb"] = {"Simbari"}, ["smc"] = {"Som"}, ["smd"] = {"Sama"}, ["smf"] = {"Auwe"}, ["smg"] = {"Simbali"}, ["smh"] = {"Samei"}, ["smi"] = {"Sami languages"}, ["smj"] = {"Луле-Сами"}, ["smk"] = {"Bolinao"}, ["sml"] = {"Central Sama"}, ["smm"] = {"Musasa"}, ["smn"] = {"Inari Sami"}, ["smp"] = {"Samaritan"}, ["smq"] = {"Samo"}, ["smr"] = {"Simeulue"}, ["sms"] = {"Skolt Sami"}, ["smt"] = {"Simte"}, ["smu"] = {"Somray"}, ["smv"] = {"Samvedi"}, ["smw"] = {"Sumbawa"}, ["smx"] = {"Samba"}, ["smy"] = {"Semnani"}, ["smz"] = {"Simeku"}, ["snb"] = {"Sebuyau"}, ["snc"] = {"Sinaugoro"}, ["sne"] = {"Bau Bidayuh"}, ["snf"] = {"Noon"}, ["sng"] = {"Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sni"] = {"Sensi"}, ["snj"] = {"Riverain Sango"}, ["snk"] = {"Сонинке"}, ["snl"] = {"Sangil"}, ["snm"] = {"Southern Ma'di"}, ["snn"] = {"Siona"}, ["sno"] = {"Snohomish"}, ["snp"] = {"Siane"}, ["snq"] = {"Sangu (Gabon)"}, ["snr"] = {"Sihan"}, ["sns"] = {"South West Bay", "Nahavaq"}, ["snu"] = {"Senggi", "Viid"}, ["snv"] = {"Sa'ban"}, ["snw"] = {"Selee"}, ["snx"] = {"Sam"}, ["sny"] = {"Saniyo-Hiyewe"}, ["snz"] = {"Kou"}, ["soa"] = {"Thai Song"}, ["sob"] = {"Sobei"}, ["soc"] = {"So (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sod"] = {"Songoora"}, ["soe"] = {"Songomeno"}, ["sog"] = {"Sogdian"}, ["soh"] = {"Aka"}, ["soi"] = {"Sonha"}, ["soj"] = {"Soi"}, ["sok"] = {"Sokoro"}, ["sol"] = {"Solos"}, ["son"] = {"Songhai languages"}, ["soo"] = {"Songo"}, ["sop"] = {"Songe"}, ["soq"] = {"Kanasi"}, ["sor"] = {"Somrai"}, ["sos"] = {"Seeku"}, ["sou"] = {"Southern Thai"}, ["sov"] = {"Sonsorol"}, ["sow"] = {"Sowanda"}, ["sox"] = {"Swo"}, ["soy"] = {"Miyobe"}, ["soz"] = {"Temi"}, ["spb"] = {"Sepa (Indonesia)"}, ["spc"] = {"Sapé"}, ["spd"] = {"Saep"}, ["spe"] = {"Sepa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["spg"] = {"Sian"}, ["spi"] = {"Saponi"}, ["spk"] = {"Sengo"}, ["spl"] = {"Selepet"}, ["spm"] = {"Akukem"}, ["spn"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["spo"] = {"Spokane"}, ["spp"] = {"Supyire Senoufo"}, ["spq"] = {"Loreto-Ucayali Spanish"}, ["spr"] = {"Saparua"}, ["sps"] = {"Saposa"}, ["spt"] = {"Spiti Bhoti"}, ["spu"] = {"Sapuan"}, ["spv"] = {"Sambalpuri", "Kosli"}, ["spx"] = {"South Picene"}, ["spy"] = {"Sabaot"}, ["sqa"] = {"Shama-Sambuga"}, ["sqh"] = {"Shau"}, ["sqj"] = {"Albanian languages"}, ["sqk"] = {"Albanian Sign Language"}, ["sqm"] = {"Suma"}, ["sqn"] = {"Susquehannock"}, ["sqo"] = {"Sorkhei"}, ["sqq"] = {"Sou"}, ["sqr"] = {"Siculo Arabic"}, ["sqs"] = {"Sri Lankan Sign Language"}, ["sqt"] = {"Soqotri"}, ["squ"] = {"Squamish"}, ["sqx"] = {"Kufr Qassem Sign Language (KQSL)"}, ["sra"] = {"Saruga"}, ["srb"] = {"Sora"}, ["src"] = {"Logudorese Sardinian"}, ["sre"] = {"Sara"}, ["srf"] = {"Nafi"}, ["srg"] = {"Sulod"}, ["srh"] = {"Sarikoli"}, ["sri"] = {"Siriano"}, ["srk"] = {"Serudung Murut"}, ["srl"] = {"Isirawa"}, ["srm"] = {"Saramaccan"}, ["srn"] = {"Sranan Tongo"}, ["sro"] = {"Campidanese Sardinian"}, ["srq"] = {"Sirionó"}, ["srr"] = {"Serer"}, ["srs"] = {"Sarsi"}, ["srt"] = {"Sauri"}, ["sru"] = {"Suruí"}, ["srv"] = {"Southern Sorsoganon"}, ["srw"] = {"Serua"}, ["srx"] = {"Sirmauri"}, ["sry"] = {"Sera"}, ["srz"] = {"Shahmirzadi"}, ["ssa"] = {"Nilo-Saharan languages"}, ["ssb"] = {"Southern Sama"}, ["ssc"] = {"Suba-Simbiti"}, ["ssd"] = {"Siroi"}, ["sse"] = {"Balangingi", "Bangingih Sama"}, ["ssf"] = {"Thao"}, ["ssg"] = {"Seimat"}, ["ssh"] = {"Shihhi Arabic"}, ["ssi"] = {"Sansi"}, ["ssj"] = {"Sausi"}, ["ssk"] = {"Sunam"}, ["ssl"] = {"Western Sisaala"}, ["ssm"] = {"Semnam"}, ["ssn"] = {"Waata"}, ["sso"] = {"Sissano"}, ["ssp"] = {"Spanish Sign Language"}, ["ssq"] = {"So'a"}, ["ssr"] = {"Swiss-French Sign Language"}, ["sss"] = {"Sô"}, ["sst"] = {"Sinasina"}, ["ssu"] = {"Susuami"}, ["ssv"] = {"Shark Bay"}, ["ssx"] = {"Samberigi"}, ["ssy"] = {"Saho"}, ["ssz"] = {"Sengseng"}, ["sta"] = {"Settla"}, ["stb"] = {"Northern Subanen"}, ["std"] = {"Sentinel"}, ["ste"] = {"Liana-Seti"}, ["stf"] = {"Seta"}, ["stg"] = {"Trieng"}, ["sth"] = {"Shelta"}, ["sti"] = {"Bulo Stieng"}, ["stj"] = {"Matya Samo"}, ["stk"] = {"Arammba"}, ["stl"] = {"Stellingwerfs"}, ["stm"] = {"Setaman"}, ["stn"] = {"Owa"}, ["sto"] = {"Stoney"}, ["stp"] = {"Southeastern Tepehuan"}, ["stq"] = {"Saterfriesisch"}, ["str"] = {"Straits Salish"}, ["sts"] = {"Shumashti"}, ["stt"] = {"Budeh Stieng"}, ["stu"] = {"Samtao"}, ["stv"] = {"Silt'e"}, ["stw"] = {"Satawalese"}, ["sty"] = {"Siberian Tatar"}, ["sua"] = {"Sulka"}, ["sub"] = {"Suku"}, ["suc"] = {"Western Subanon"}, ["sue"] = {"Suena"}, ["sug"] = {"Suganga"}, ["sui"] = {"Suki"}, ["suj"] = {"Shubi"}, ["suk"] = {"Sukuma"}, ["suo"] = {"Bouni"}, ["suq"] = {"Tirmaga-Chai Suri", "Suri"}, ["sur"] = {"Mwaghavul"}, ["sus"] = {"Susu"}, ["sut"] = {"Subtiaba"}, ["suv"] = {"Puroik"}, ["suw"] = {"Sumbwa"}, ["sux"] = {"Sumerian"}, ["suy"] = {"Suyá"}, ["suz"] = {"Sunwar"}, ["sva"] = {"Svan"}, ["svb"] = {"Ulau-Suain"}, ["svc"] = {"Vincentian Creole English"}, ["sve"] = {"Serili"}, ["svk"] = {"Slovakian Sign Language"}, ["svm"] = {"Slavomolisano"}, ["svs"] = {"Savosavo"}, ["svx"] = {"Skalvian"}, ["swb"] = {"Maore Comorian"}, ["swc"] = {"Congo Swahili"}, ["swf"] = {"Sere"}, ["swg"] = {"Шваби"}, ["swh"] = {"Свахили", "Кисвахили"}, ["swi"] = {"Sui"}, ["swj"] = {"Sira"}, ["swk"] = {"Malawi Sena"}, ["swl"] = {"Swedish Sign Language"}, ["swm"] = {"Samosa"}, ["swn"] = {"Sawknah"}, ["swo"] = {"Shanenawa"}, ["swp"] = {"Suau"}, ["swq"] = {"Sharwa"}, ["swr"] = {"Saweru"}, ["sws"] = {"Seluwasan"}, ["swt"] = {"Sawila"}, ["swu"] = {"Suwawa"}, ["swv"] = {"Shekhawati"}, ["sww"] = {"Sowa"}, ["swx"] = {"Suruahá"}, ["swy"] = {"Sarua"}, ["sxb"] = {"Suba"}, ["sxc"] = {"Sicanian"}, ["sxe"] = {"Sighu"}, ["sxg"] = {"Shuhi", "Shixing"}, ["sxk"] = {"Southern Kalapuya"}, ["sxl"] = {"Selian"}, ["sxm"] = {"Samre"}, ["sxn"] = {"Sangir"}, ["sxo"] = {"Sorothaptic"}, ["sxr"] = {"Saaroa"}, ["sxs"] = {"Sasaru"}, ["sxu"] = {"Дээд Саксон"}, ["sxw"] = {"Saxwe Gbe"}, ["sya"] = {"Siang"}, ["syb"] = {"Central Subanen"}, ["syc"] = {"Сонгодог Сири"}, ["syd"] = {"Samoyedic languages"}, ["syi"] = {"Seki"}, ["syk"] = {"Sukur"}, ["syl"] = {"Sylheti"}, ["sym"] = {"Maya Samo"}, ["syn"] = {"Senaya"}, ["syo"] = {"Suoy"}, ["syr"] = {"Syriac"}, ["sys"] = {"Sinyar"}, ["syw"] = {"Kagate"}, ["syx"] = {"Samay"}, ["syy"] = {"Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language"}, ["sza"] = {"Semelai"}, ["szb"] = {"Ngalum"}, ["szc"] = {"Semaq Beri"}, ["szd"] = {"Seru"}, ["sze"] = {"Seze"}, ["szg"] = {"Sengele"}, ["szl"] = {"Силези"}, ["szn"] = {"Sula"}, ["szp"] = {"Suabo"}, ["szs"] = {"Solomon Islands Sign Language"}, ["szv"] = {"Isu (Fako Division)"}, ["szw"] = {"Sawai"}, ["szy"] = {"Sakizaya"}, ["taa"] = {"Lower Tanana"}, ["tab"] = {"Табасаран"}, ["tac"] = {"Lowland Tarahumara"}, ["tad"] = {"Tause"}, ["tae"] = {"Tariana"}, ["taf"] = {"Tapirapé"}, ["tag"] = {"Tagoi"}, ["tai"] = {"Tai languages"}, ["taj"] = {"Eastern Tamang"}, ["tak"] = {"Tala"}, ["tal"] = {"Tal"}, ["tan"] = {"Tangale"}, ["tao"] = {"Yami"}, ["tap"] = {"Taabwa"}, ["taq"] = {"Tamasheq"}, ["tar"] = {"Central Tarahumara"}, ["tas"] = {"Tay Boi"}, ["tau"] = {"Upper Tanana"}, ["tav"] = {"Tatuyo"}, ["taw"] = {"Tai"}, ["tax"] = {"Tamki"}, ["tay"] = {"Atayal"}, ["taz"] = {"Tocho"}, ["tba"] = {"Aikanã"}, ["tbc"] = {"Takia"}, ["tbd"] = {"Kaki Ae"}, ["tbe"] = {"Tanimbili"}, ["tbf"] = {"Mandara"}, ["tbg"] = {"North Tairora"}, ["tbh"] = {"Dharawal", "Thurawal"}, ["tbi"] = {"Gaam"}, ["tbj"] = {"Tiang"}, ["tbk"] = {"Calamian Tagbanwa"}, ["tbl"] = {"Tboli"}, ["tbm"] = {"Tagbu"}, ["tbn"] = {"Barro Negro Tunebo"}, ["tbo"] = {"Tawala"}, ["tbp"] = {"Taworta", "Diebroud"}, ["tbq"] = {"Tibeto-Burman languages"}, ["tbr"] = {"Tumtum"}, ["tbs"] = {"Tanguat"}, ["tbt"] = {"Tembo (Kitembo)"}, ["tbu"] = {"Tubar"}, ["tbv"] = {"Tobo"}, ["tbw"] = {"Tagbanwa"}, ["tbx"] = {"Kapin"}, ["tby"] = {"Tabaru"}, ["tbz"] = {"Ditammari"}, ["tca"] = {"Ticuna"}, ["tcb"] = {"Tanacross"}, ["tcc"] = {"Datooga"}, ["tcd"] = {"Tafi"}, ["tce"] = {"Southern Tutchone"}, ["tcf"] = {"Malinaltepec Me'phaa", "Malinaltepec Tlapanec"}, ["tcg"] = {"Tamagario"}, ["tch"] = {"Turks And Caicos Creole English"}, ["tci"] = {"Wára"}, ["tck"] = {"Tchitchege"}, ["tcl"] = {"Taman (Myanmar)"}, ["tcm"] = {"Tanahmerah"}, ["tcn"] = {"Tichurong"}, ["tco"] = {"Taungyo"}, ["tcp"] = {"Tawr Chin"}, ["tcq"] = {"Kaiy"}, ["tcs"] = {"Torres Strait Creole", "Yumplatok"}, ["tct"] = {"T'en"}, ["tcu"] = {"Southeastern Tarahumara"}, ["tcw"] = {"Tecpatlán Totonac"}, ["tcx"] = {"Toda"}, ["tcy"] = {"Tulu"}, ["tcz"] = {"Thado Chin"}, ["tda"] = {"Tagdal"}, ["tdb"] = {"Panchpargania"}, ["tdc"] = {"Emberá-Tadó"}, ["tdd"] = {"Tai Nüa"}, ["tde"] = {"Tiranige Diga Dogon"}, ["tdf"] = {"Talieng"}, ["tdg"] = {"Western Tamang"}, ["tdh"] = {"Thulung"}, ["tdi"] = {"Tomadino"}, ["tdj"] = {"Tajio"}, ["tdk"] = {"Tambas"}, ["tdl"] = {"Sur"}, ["tdm"] = {"Taruma"}, ["tdn"] = {"Tondano"}, ["tdo"] = {"Teme"}, ["tdq"] = {"Tita"}, ["tdr"] = {"Todrah"}, ["tds"] = {"Doutai"}, ["tdt"] = {"Tetun Dili"}, ["tdv"] = {"Toro"}, ["tdx"] = {"Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy"}, ["tdy"] = {"Tadyawan"}, ["tea"] = {"Temiar"}, ["teb"] = {"Tetete"}, ["tec"] = {"Terik"}, ["ted"] = {"Tepo Krumen"}, ["tee"] = {"Huehuetla Tepehua"}, ["tef"] = {"Teressa"}, ["teg"] = {"Teke-Tege"}, ["teh"] = {"Tehuelche"}, ["tei"] = {"Torricelli"}, ["tek"] = {"Ibali Teke"}, ["tem"] = {"Timne"}, ["ten"] = {"Tama (Colombia)"}, ["teo"] = {"Teso"}, ["tep"] = {"Tepecano"}, ["teq"] = {"Temein"}, ["ter"] = {"Tereno"}, ["tes"] = {"Tengger"}, ["tet"] = {"Тетум"}, ["teu"] = {"Soo"}, ["tev"] = {"Teor"}, ["tew"] = {"Tewa (USA)"}, ["tex"] = {"Tennet"}, ["tey"] = {"Tulishi"}, ["tez"] = {"Tetserret"}, ["tfi"] = {"Tofin Gbe"}, ["tfn"] = {"Tanaina"}, ["tfo"] = {"Tefaro"}, ["tfr"] = {"Teribe"}, ["tft"] = {"Ternate"}, ["tga"] = {"Sagalla"}, ["tgb"] = {"Tobilung"}, ["tgc"] = {"Tigak"}, ["tgd"] = {"Ciwogai"}, ["tge"] = {"Eastern Gorkha Tamang"}, ["tgf"] = {"Chalikha"}, ["tgh"] = {"Tobagonian Creole English"}, ["tgi"] = {"Lawunuia"}, ["tgj"] = {"Tagin"}, ["tgn"] = {"Tandaganon"}, ["tgo"] = {"Sudest"}, ["tgp"] = {"Tangoa"}, ["tgq"] = {"Tring"}, ["tgr"] = {"Tareng"}, ["tgs"] = {"Nume"}, ["tgt"] = {"Central Tagbanwa"}, ["tgu"] = {"Tanggu"}, ["tgv"] = {"Tingui-Boto"}, ["tgw"] = {"Tagwana Senoufo"}, ["tgx"] = {"Tagish"}, ["tgy"] = {"Togoyo"}, ["tgz"] = {"Tagalaka"}, ["thd"] = {"Kuuk Thaayorre", "Thayore"}, ["the"] = {"Chitwania Tharu"}, ["thf"] = {"Thangmi"}, ["thh"] = {"Northern Tarahumara"}, ["thi"] = {"Tai Long"}, ["thk"] = {"Tharaka", "Kitharaka"}, ["thl"] = {"Dangaura Tharu"}, ["thm"] = {"Aheu"}, ["thn"] = {"Thachanadan"}, ["thp"] = {"Thompson"}, ["thq"] = {"Kochila Tharu"}, ["thr"] = {"Rana Tharu"}, ["ths"] = {"Thakali"}, ["tht"] = {"Tahltan"}, ["thu"] = {"Thuri"}, ["thv"] = {"Tahaggart Tamahaq"}, ["thy"] = {"Tha"}, ["thz"] = {"Tayart Tamajeq"}, ["tia"] = {"Tidikelt Tamazight"}, ["tic"] = {"Tira"}, ["tif"] = {"Tifal"}, ["tig"] = {"Tigre"}, ["tih"] = {"Timugon Murut"}, ["tii"] = {"Tiene"}, ["tij"] = {"Tilung"}, ["tik"] = {"Tikar"}, ["til"] = {"Tillamook"}, ["tim"] = {"Timbe"}, ["tin"] = {"Tindi"}, ["tio"] = {"Teop"}, ["tip"] = {"Trimuris"}, ["tiq"] = {"Tiéfo"}, ["tis"] = {"Masadiit Itneg"}, ["tit"] = {"Tinigua"}, ["tiu"] = {"Adasen"}, ["tiv"] = {"Tiv"}, ["tiw"] = {"Tiwi"}, ["tix"] = {"Southern Tiwa"}, ["tiy"] = {"Tiruray"}, ["tiz"] = {"Tai Hongjin"}, ["tja"] = {"Tajuasohn"}, ["tjg"] = {"Tunjung"}, ["tji"] = {"Northern Tujia"}, ["tjj"] = {"Tjungundji"}, ["tjl"] = {"Tai Laing"}, ["tjm"] = {"Timucua"}, ["tjn"] = {"Tonjon"}, ["tjo"] = {"Temacine Tamazight"}, ["tjp"] = {"Tjupany"}, ["tjs"] = {"Southern Tujia"}, ["tju"] = {"Tjurruru"}, ["tjw"] = {"Djabwurrung"}, ["tka"] = {"Truká"}, ["tkb"] = {"Buksa"}, ["tkd"] = {"Tukudede"}, ["tke"] = {"Takwane"}, ["tkf"] = {"Tukumanféd"}, ["tkg"] = {"Tesaka Malagasy"}, ["tkl"] = {"Tokelau"}, ["tkm"] = {"Takelma"}, ["tkn"] = {"Toku-No-Shima"}, ["tkp"] = {"Tikopia"}, ["tkq"] = {"Tee"}, ["tkr"] = {"Цахур"}, ["tks"] = {"Takestani"}, ["tkt"] = {"Kathoriya Tharu"}, ["tku"] = {"Upper Necaxa Totonac"}, ["tkv"] = {"Mur Pano"}, ["tkw"] = {"Teanu"}, ["tkx"] = {"Tangko"}, ["tkz"] = {"Takua"}, ["tla"] = {"Southwestern Tepehuan"}, ["tlb"] = {"Tobelo"}, ["tlc"] = {"Yecuatla Totonac"}, ["tld"] = {"Talaud"}, ["tlf"] = {"Telefol"}, ["tlg"] = {"Tofanma"}, ["tlh"] = {"Klingon", "tlhIngan Hol"}, ["tli"] = {"Tlingit"}, ["tlj"] = {"Talinga-Bwisi"}, ["tlk"] = {"Taloki"}, ["tll"] = {"Tetela"}, ["tlm"] = {"Tolomako"}, ["tln"] = {"Talondo'"}, ["tlo"] = {"Talodi"}, ["tlp"] = {"Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"}, ["tlq"] = {"Tai Loi"}, ["tlr"] = {"Talise"}, ["tls"] = {"Tambotalo"}, ["tlt"] = {"Sou Nama", "Teluti"}, ["tlu"] = {"Tulehu"}, ["tlv"] = {"Taliabu"}, ["tlx"] = {"Khehek"}, ["tly"] = {"Talysh"}, ["tma"] = {"Tama (Chad)"}, ["tmb"] = {"Katbol", "Avava"}, ["tmc"] = {"Tumak"}, ["tmd"] = {"Haruai"}, ["tme"] = {"Tremembé"}, ["tmf"] = {"Toba-Maskoy"}, ["tmg"] = {"Ternateño"}, ["tmh"] = {"Tamashek"}, ["tmi"] = {"Tutuba"}, ["tmj"] = {"Samarokena"}, ["tmk"] = {"Northwestern Tamang"}, ["tml"] = {"Tamnim Citak"}, ["tmm"] = {"Tai Thanh"}, ["tmn"] = {"Taman (Indonesia)"}, ["tmo"] = {"Temoq"}, ["tmq"] = {"Tumleo"}, ["tmr"] = {"Вавилоны Еврей-Арамей"}, ["tms"] = {"Tima"}, ["tmt"] = {"Tasmate"}, ["tmu"] = {"Iau"}, ["tmv"] = {"Tembo (Motembo)"}, ["tmw"] = {"Temuan"}, ["tmy"] = {"Tami"}, ["tmz"] = {"Tamanaku"}, ["tna"] = {"Tacana"}, ["tnb"] = {"Western Tunebo"}, ["tnc"] = {"Tanimuca-Retuarã"}, ["tnd"] = {"Angosturas Tunebo"}, ["tng"] = {"Tobanga"}, ["tnh"] = {"Maiani"}, ["tni"] = {"Tandia"}, ["tnk"] = {"Kwamera"}, ["tnl"] = {"Lenakel"}, ["tnm"] = {"Tabla"}, ["tnn"] = {"North Tanna"}, ["tno"] = {"Toromono"}, ["tnp"] = {"Whitesands"}, ["tnq"] = {"Taino"}, ["tnr"] = {"Ménik"}, ["tns"] = {"Tenis"}, ["tnt"] = {"Tontemboan"}, ["tnu"] = {"Tay Khang"}, ["tnv"] = {"Tangchangya"}, ["tnw"] = {"Tonsawang"}, ["tnx"] = {"Tanema"}, ["tny"] = {"Tongwe"}, ["tnz"] = {"Ten'edn"}, ["tob"] = {"Toba"}, ["toc"] = {"Coyutla Totonac"}, ["tod"] = {"Toma"}, ["tof"] = {"Gizrra"}, ["tog"] = {"Tonga (Nyasa)"}, ["toh"] = {"Gitonga"}, ["toi"] = {"Tonga (Zambia)"}, ["toj"] = {"Tojolabal"}, ["tol"] = {"Tolowa"}, ["tom"] = {"Tombulu"}, ["too"] = {"Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac"}, ["top"] = {"Papantla Totonac"}, ["toq"] = {"Toposa"}, ["tor"] = {"Togbo-Vara Banda"}, ["tos"] = {"Highland Totonac"}, ["tou"] = {"Tho"}, ["tov"] = {"Upper Taromi"}, ["tow"] = {"Jemez"}, ["tox"] = {"Tobian"}, ["toy"] = {"Topoiyo"}, ["toz"] = {"To"}, ["tpa"] = {"Taupota"}, ["tpc"] = {"Azoyú Me'phaa", "Azoyú Tlapanec"}, ["tpe"] = {"Tippera"}, ["tpf"] = {"Tarpia"}, ["tpg"] = {"Kula"}, ["tpi"] = {"Ток Писин"}, ["tpj"] = {"Tapieté"}, ["tpk"] = {"Tupinikin"}, ["tpl"] = {"Tlacoapa Me'phaa", "Tlacoapa Tlapanec"}, ["tpm"] = {"Tampulma"}, ["tpn"] = {"Tupinambá"}, ["tpo"] = {"Tai Pao"}, ["tpp"] = {"Pisaflores Tepehua"}, ["tpq"] = {"Tukpa"}, ["tpr"] = {"Tuparí"}, ["tpt"] = {"Tlachichilco Tepehua"}, ["tpu"] = {"Tampuan"}, ["tpv"] = {"Tanapag"}, ["tpw"] = {"Tupí"}, ["tpx"] = {"Acatepec Me'phaa", "Acatepec Tlapanec"}, ["tpy"] = {"Trumai"}, ["tpz"] = {"Tinputz"}, ["tqb"] = {"Tembé"}, ["tql"] = {"Lehali"}, ["tqm"] = {"Turumsa"}, ["tqn"] = {"Tenino"}, ["tqo"] = {"Toaripi"}, ["tqp"] = {"Tomoip"}, ["tqq"] = {"Tunni"}, ["tqr"] = {"Torona"}, ["tqt"] = {"Western Totonac"}, ["tqu"] = {"Touo"}, ["tqw"] = {"Tonkawa"}, ["tra"] = {"Tirahi"}, ["trb"] = {"Terebu"}, ["trc"] = {"Copala Triqui"}, ["trd"] = {"Turi"}, ["tre"] = {"East Tarangan"}, ["trf"] = {"Trinidadian Creole English"}, ["trg"] = {"Lishán Didán"}, ["trh"] = {"Turaka"}, ["tri"] = {"Trió"}, ["trj"] = {"Toram"}, ["trk"] = {"Turkic languages"}, ["trl"] = {"Traveller Scottish"}, ["trm"] = {"Tregami"}, ["trn"] = {"Trinitario"}, ["tro"] = {"Tarao Naga"}, ["trp"] = {"Kok Borok"}, ["trq"] = {"San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"}, ["trr"] = {"Taushiro"}, ["trs"] = {"Chicahuaxtla Triqui"}, ["trt"] = {"Tunggare"}, ["tru"] = {"Turoyo", "Surayt"}, ["trv"] = {"Taroko"}, ["trw"] = {"Torwali"}, ["trx"] = {"Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"}, ["try"] = {"Turung"}, ["trz"] = {"Torá"}, ["tsa"] = {"Tsaangi"}, ["tsb"] = {"Tsamai"}, ["tsc"] = {"Tswa"}, ["tsd"] = {"Tsakonian"}, ["tse"] = {"Tunisian Sign Language"}, ["tsg"] = {"Tausug"}, ["tsh"] = {"Tsuvan"}, ["tsi"] = {"Tsimshian"}, ["tsj"] = {"Tshangla"}, ["tsk"] = {"Tseku"}, ["tsl"] = {"Ts'ün-Lao"}, ["tsm"] = {"Turkish Sign Language", "Türk İşaret Dili"}, ["tsp"] = {"Northern Toussian"}, ["tsq"] = {"Thai Sign Language"}, ["tsr"] = {"Akei"}, ["tss"] = {"Taiwan Sign Language"}, ["tst"] = {"Tondi Songway Kiini"}, ["tsu"] = {"Tsou"}, ["tsv"] = {"Tsogo"}, ["tsw"] = {"Tsishingini"}, ["tsx"] = {"Mubami"}, ["tsy"] = {"Tebul Sign Language"}, ["tsz"] = {"Purepecha"}, ["tta"] = {"Tutelo"}, ["ttb"] = {"Gaa"}, ["ttc"] = {"Tektiteko"}, ["ttd"] = {"Tauade"}, ["tte"] = {"Bwanabwana"}, ["ttf"] = {"Tuotomb"}, ["ttg"] = {"Tutong"}, ["tth"] = {"Upper Ta'oih"}, ["tti"] = {"Tobati"}, ["ttj"] = {"Tooro"}, ["ttk"] = {"Totoro"}, ["ttl"] = {"Totela"}, ["ttm"] = {"Northern Tutchone"}, ["ttn"] = {"Towei"}, ["tto"] = {"Lower Ta'oih"}, ["ttp"] = {"Tombelala"}, ["ttq"] = {"Tawallammat Tamajaq"}, ["ttr"] = {"Tera"}, ["tts"] = {"Northeastern Thai"}, ["ttt"] = {"Лалын Тат"}, ["ttu"] = {"Torau"}, ["ttv"] = {"Titan"}, ["ttw"] = {"Long Wat"}, ["tty"] = {"Sikaritai"}, ["ttz"] = {"Tsum"}, ["tua"] = {"Wiarumus"}, ["tub"] = {"Tübatulabal"}, ["tuc"] = {"Mutu"}, ["tud"] = {"Tuxá"}, ["tue"] = {"Tuyuca"}, ["tuf"] = {"Central Tunebo"}, ["tug"] = {"Tunia"}, ["tuh"] = {"Taulil"}, ["tui"] = {"Tupuri"}, ["tuj"] = {"Tugutil"}, ["tul"] = {"Tula"}, ["tum"] = {"Тумбука"}, ["tun"] = {"Tunica"}, ["tuo"] = {"Tucano"}, ["tup"] = {"Tupi languages"}, ["tuq"] = {"Tedaga"}, ["tus"] = {"Tuscarora"}, ["tut"] = {"Altaic languages"}, ["tuu"] = {"Tututni"}, ["tuv"] = {"Turkana"}, ["tuw"] = {"Tungus languages"}, ["tux"] = {"Tuxináwa"}, ["tuy"] = {"Tugen"}, ["tuz"] = {"Turka"}, ["tva"] = {"Vaghua"}, ["tvd"] = {"Tsuvadi"}, ["tve"] = {"Te'un"}, ["tvk"] = {"Southeast Ambrym"}, ["tvl"] = {"Тувалу"}, ["tvm"] = {"Tela-Masbuar"}, ["tvn"] = {"Tavoyan"}, ["tvo"] = {"Tidore"}, ["tvs"] = {"Taveta"}, ["tvt"] = {"Tutsa Naga"}, ["tvu"] = {"Tunen"}, ["tvw"] = {"Sedoa"}, ["tvx"] = {"Taivoan"}, ["tvy"] = {"Timor Pidgin"}, ["twa"] = {"Twana"}, ["twb"] = {"Western Tawbuid"}, ["twc"] = {"Teshenawa"}, ["twd"] = {"Twents"}, ["twe"] = {"Tewa (Indonesia)"}, ["twf"] = {"Northern Tiwa"}, ["twg"] = {"Tereweng"}, ["twh"] = {"Tai Dón"}, ["twl"] = {"Tawara"}, ["twm"] = {"Tawang Monpa"}, ["twn"] = {"Twendi"}, ["two"] = {"Tswapong"}, ["twp"] = {"Ere"}, ["twq"] = {"Tasawaq"}, ["twr"] = {"Southwestern Tarahumara"}, ["twt"] = {"Turiwára"}, ["twu"] = {"Termanu"}, ["tww"] = {"Tuwari"}, ["twx"] = {"Tewe"}, ["twy"] = {"Tawoyan"}, ["txa"] = {"Tombonuo"}, ["txb"] = {"Tokharian B"}, ["txc"] = {"Tsetsaut"}, ["txe"] = {"Totoli"}, ["txg"] = {"Tangut"}, ["txh"] = {"Thracian"}, ["txi"] = {"Ikpeng"}, ["txj"] = {"Tarjumo"}, ["txm"] = {"Tomini"}, ["txn"] = {"West Tarangan"}, ["txo"] = {"Toto"}, ["txq"] = {"Tii"}, ["txr"] = {"Tartessian"}, ["txs"] = {"Tonsea"}, ["txt"] = {"Citak"}, ["txu"] = {"Kayapó"}, ["txx"] = {"Tatana"}, ["txy"] = {"Tanosy Malagasy"}, ["tya"] = {"Tauya"}, ["tye"] = {"Kyanga"}, ["tyh"] = {"O'du"}, ["tyi"] = {"Teke-Tsaayi"}, ["tyj"] = {"Tai Do", "Tai Yo"}, ["tyl"] = {"Thu Lao"}, ["tyn"] = {"Kombai"}, ["typ"] = {"Thaypan"}, ["tyr"] = {"Tai Daeng"}, ["tys"] = {"Tày Sa Pa"}, ["tyt"] = {"Tày Tac"}, ["tyu"] = {"Kua"}, ["tyv"] = {"Тува"}, ["tyx"] = {"Teke-Tyee"}, ["tyy"] = {"Tiyaa"}, ["tyz"] = {"Tày"}, ["tza"] = {"Tanzanian Sign Language"}, ["tzh"] = {"Tzeltal"}, ["tzj"] = {"Tz'utujil"}, ["tzl"] = {"Talossan"}, ["tzm"] = {"Central Atlas Tamazight"}, ["tzn"] = {"Tugun"}, ["tzo"] = {"Tzotzil"}, ["tzx"] = {"Tabriak"}, ["uam"] = {"Uamué"}, ["uan"] = {"Kuan"}, ["uar"] = {"Tairuma"}, ["uba"] = {"Ubang"}, ["ubi"] = {"Ubi"}, ["ubl"] = {"Buhi'non Bikol"}, ["ubr"] = {"Ubir"}, ["ubu"] = {"Umbu-Ungu"}, ["uby"] = {"Ubykh"}, ["uda"] = {"Uda"}, ["ude"] = {"Udihe"}, ["udg"] = {"Muduga"}, ["udi"] = {"Udi"}, ["udj"] = {"Ujir"}, ["udl"] = {"Wuzlam"}, ["udm"] = {"Удмурт"}, ["udu"] = {"Uduk"}, ["ues"] = {"Kioko"}, ["ufi"] = {"Ufim"}, ["uga"] = {"Ugaritic"}, ["ugb"] = {"Kuku-Ugbanh"}, ["uge"] = {"Ughele"}, ["ugn"] = {"Ugandan Sign Language"}, ["ugo"] = {"Ugong"}, ["ugy"] = {"Uruguayan Sign Language"}, ["uha"] = {"Uhami"}, ["uhn"] = {"Damal"}, ["uis"] = {"Uisai"}, ["uiv"] = {"Iyive"}, ["uji"] = {"Tanjijili"}, ["uka"] = {"Kaburi"}, ["ukg"] = {"Ukuriguma"}, ["ukh"] = {"Ukhwejo"}, ["uki"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["ukk"] = {"Muak Sa-aak"}, ["ukl"] = {"Ukrainian Sign Language"}, ["ukp"] = {"Ukpe-Bayobiri"}, ["ukq"] = {"Ukwa"}, ["uks"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language", "Kaapor Sign Language"}, ["uku"] = {"Ukue"}, ["ukv"] = {"Kuku"}, ["ukw"] = {"Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"}, ["uky"] = {"Kuuk-Yak"}, ["ula"] = {"Fungwa"}, ["ulb"] = {"Ulukwumi"}, ["ulc"] = {"Ulch"}, ["ule"] = {"Lule"}, ["ulf"] = {"Usku", "Afra"}, ["uli"] = {"Ulithian"}, ["ulk"] = {"Meriam Mir"}, ["ull"] = {"Ullatan"}, ["ulm"] = {"Ulumanda'"}, ["uln"] = {"Unserdeutsch"}, ["ulu"] = {"Uma' Lung"}, ["ulw"] = {"Ulwa"}, ["uma"] = {"Umatilla"}, ["umb"] = {"Umbundu"}, ["umc"] = {"Marrucinian"}, ["umd"] = {"Umbindhamu"}, ["umg"] = {"Morrobalama", "Umbuygamu"}, ["umi"] = {"Ukit"}, ["umm"] = {"Umon"}, ["umn"] = {"Makyan Naga"}, ["umo"] = {"Umotína"}, ["ump"] = {"Umpila"}, ["umr"] = {"Umbugarla"}, ["ums"] = {"Pendau"}, ["umu"] = {"Munsee"}, ["una"] = {"North Watut"}, ["und"] = {"Тодорхойгүй"}, ["une"] = {"Uneme"}, ["ung"] = {"Ngarinyin"}, ["uni"] = {"Uni"}, ["unk"] = {"Enawené-Nawé"}, ["unm"] = {"Unami"}, ["unn"] = {"Kurnai"}, ["unr"] = {"Mundari"}, ["unu"] = {"Unubahe"}, ["unx"] = {"Munda"}, ["unz"] = {"Unde Kaili"}, ["upi"] = {"Umeda"}, ["upv"] = {"Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin"}, ["ura"] = {"Urarina"}, ["urb"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor", "Kaapor"}, ["urc"] = {"Urningangg"}, ["ure"] = {"Uru"}, ["urf"] = {"Uradhi"}, ["urg"] = {"Urigina"}, ["urh"] = {"Urhobo"}, ["uri"] = {"Urim"}, ["urj"] = {"Uralic languages"}, ["urk"] = {"Urak Lawoi'"}, ["url"] = {"Urali"}, ["urm"] = {"Urapmin"}, ["urn"] = {"Uruangnirin"}, ["uro"] = {"Ura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["urp"] = {"Uru-Pa-In"}, ["urr"] = {"Lehalurup", "Löyöp"}, ["urt"] = {"Urat"}, ["uru"] = {"Urumi"}, ["urv"] = {"Uruava"}, ["urw"] = {"Sop"}, ["urx"] = {"Urimo"}, ["ury"] = {"Orya"}, ["urz"] = {"Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau"}, ["usa"] = {"Usarufa"}, ["ush"] = {"Ushojo"}, ["usi"] = {"Usui"}, ["usk"] = {"Usaghade"}, ["usp"] = {"Uspanteco"}, ["uss"] = {"us-Saare"}, ["usu"] = {"Uya"}, ["uta"] = {"Otank"}, ["ute"] = {"Ute-Southern Paiute"}, ["uth"] = {"ut-Hun"}, ["utp"] = {"Amba (Solomon Islands)"}, ["utr"] = {"Etulo"}, ["utu"] = {"Utu"}, ["uum"] = {"Urum"}, ["uun"] = {"Kulon-Pazeh"}, ["uur"] = {"Ura (Vanuatu)"}, ["uuu"] = {"U"}, ["uve"] = {"West Uvean", "Fagauvea"}, ["uvh"] = {"Uri"}, ["uvl"] = {"Lote"}, ["uwa"] = {"Kuku-Uwanh"}, ["uya"] = {"Doko-Uyanga"}, ["uzn"] = {"Northern Uzbek"}, ["uzs"] = {"Southern Uzbek"}, ["vaa"] = {"Vaagri Booli"}, ["vae"] = {"Vale"}, ["vaf"] = {"Vafsi"}, ["vag"] = {"Vagla"}, ["vah"] = {"Varhadi-Nagpuri"}, ["vai"] = {"Vai"}, ["vaj"] = {"Sekele", "Northwestern ǃKung", "Vasekele"}, ["val"] = {"Vehes"}, ["vam"] = {"Vanimo"}, ["van"] = {"Valman"}, ["vao"] = {"Vao"}, ["vap"] = {"Vaiphei"}, ["var"] = {"Huarijio"}, ["vas"] = {"Vasavi"}, ["vau"] = {"Vanuma"}, ["vav"] = {"Varli"}, ["vay"] = {"Wayu"}, ["vbb"] = {"Southeast Babar"}, ["vbk"] = {"Southwestern Bontok"}, ["vec"] = {"Венец"}, ["ved"] = {"Veddah"}, ["vel"] = {"Veluws"}, ["vem"] = {"Vemgo-Mabas"}, ["veo"] = {"Ventureño"}, ["vep"] = {"Veps"}, ["ver"] = {"Mom Jango"}, ["vgr"] = {"Vaghri"}, ["vgt"] = {"Vlaamse Gebarentaal", "Flemish Sign Language"}, ["vic"] = {"Virgin Islands Creole English"}, ["vid"] = {"Vidunda"}, ["vif"] = {"Vili"}, ["vig"] = {"Viemo"}, ["vil"] = {"Vilela"}, ["vin"] = {"Vinza"}, ["vis"] = {"Vishavan"}, ["vit"] = {"Viti"}, ["viv"] = {"Iduna"}, ["vka"] = {"Kariyarra"}, ["vkj"] = {"Kujarge"}, ["vkk"] = {"Kaur"}, ["vkl"] = {"Kulisusu"}, ["vkm"] = {"Kamakan"}, ["vkn"] = {"Koro Nulu"}, ["vko"] = {"Kodeoha"}, ["vkp"] = {"Korlai Creole Portuguese"}, ["vkt"] = {"Tenggarong Kutai Malay"}, ["vku"] = {"Kurrama"}, ["vkz"] = {"Koro Zuba"}, ["vlp"] = {"Valpei"}, ["vls"] = {"Vlaams"}, ["vma"] = {"Martuyhunira"}, ["vmb"] = {"Barbaram"}, ["vmc"] = {"Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["vmd"] = {"Mudu Koraga"}, ["vme"] = {"East Masela"}, ["vmf"] = {"Майны Франк"}, ["vmg"] = {"Lungalunga"}, ["vmh"] = {"Maraghei"}, ["vmi"] = {"Miwa"}, ["vmj"] = {"Ixtayutla Mixtec"}, ["vmk"] = {"Makhuwa-Shirima"}, ["vml"] = {"Malgana"}, ["vmm"] = {"Mitlatongo Mixtec"}, ["vmp"] = {"Soyaltepec Mazatec"}, ["vmq"] = {"Soyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["vmr"] = {"Marenje"}, ["vms"] = {"Moksela"}, ["vmu"] = {"Muluridyi"}, ["vmv"] = {"Valley Maidu"}, ["vmw"] = {"Makhuwa"}, ["vmx"] = {"Tamazola Mixtec"}, ["vmy"] = {"Ayautla Mazatec"}, ["vmz"] = {"Mazatlán Mazatec"}, ["vnk"] = {"Vano", "Lovono"}, ["vnm"] = {"Vinmavis", "Neve'ei"}, ["vnp"] = {"Vunapu"}, ["vor"] = {"Voro"}, ["vot"] = {"Votic"}, ["vra"] = {"Vera'a"}, ["vro"] = {"Võro"}, ["vrs"] = {"Varisi"}, ["vrt"] = {"Burmbar", "Banam Bay"}, ["vsi"] = {"Moldova Sign Language"}, ["vsl"] = {"Venezuelan Sign Language"}, ["vsv"] = {"Valencian Sign Language", "Llengua de signes valenciana"}, ["vto"] = {"Vitou"}, ["vum"] = {"Vumbu"}, ["vun"] = {"Vunjo"}, ["vut"] = {"Vute"}, ["vwa"] = {"Awa (China)"}, ["waa"] = {"Walla Walla"}, ["wab"] = {"Wab"}, ["wac"] = {"Wasco-Wishram"}, ["wad"] = {"Wamesa", "Wondama"}, ["wae"] = {"Walser"}, ["waf"] = {"Wakoná"}, ["wag"] = {"Wa'ema"}, ["wah"] = {"Watubela"}, ["wai"] = {"Wares"}, ["waj"] = {"Waffa"}, ["wak"] = {"Wakashan languages"}, ["wal"] = {"Wolaytta", "Wolaitta"}, ["wam"] = {"Wampanoag"}, ["wan"] = {"Wan"}, ["wao"] = {"Wappo"}, ["wap"] = {"Wapishana"}, ["waq"] = {"Wagiman"}, ["war"] = {"Waray (Philippines)"}, ["was"] = {"Washo"}, ["wat"] = {"Kaninuwa"}, ["wau"] = {"Waurá"}, ["wav"] = {"Waka"}, ["waw"] = {"Waiwai"}, ["wax"] = {"Watam", "Marangis"}, ["way"] = {"Wayana"}, ["waz"] = {"Wampur"}, ["wba"] = {"Warao"}, ["wbb"] = {"Wabo"}, ["wbe"] = {"Waritai"}, ["wbf"] = {"Wara"}, ["wbh"] = {"Wanda"}, ["wbi"] = {"Vwanji"}, ["wbj"] = {"Alagwa"}, ["wbk"] = {"Waigali"}, ["wbl"] = {"Wakhi"}, ["wbm"] = {"Wa"}, ["wbp"] = {"Warlpiri"}, ["wbq"] = {"Waddar"}, ["wbr"] = {"Wagdi"}, ["wbs"] = {"West Bengal Sign Language"}, ["wbt"] = {"Warnman"}, ["wbv"] = {"Wajarri"}, ["wbw"] = {"Woi"}, ["wca"] = {"Yanomámi"}, ["wci"] = {"Waci Gbe"}, ["wdd"] = {"Wandji"}, ["wdg"] = {"Wadaginam"}, ["wdj"] = {"Wadjiginy"}, ["wdk"] = {"Wadikali"}, ["wdu"] = {"Wadjigu"}, ["wdy"] = {"Wadjabangayi"}, ["wea"] = {"Wewaw"}, ["wec"] = {"Wè Western"}, ["wed"] = {"Wedau"}, ["weg"] = {"Wergaia"}, ["weh"] = {"Weh"}, ["wei"] = {"Kiunum"}, ["wem"] = {"Weme Gbe"}, ["wen"] = {"Sorbian languages"}, ["weo"] = {"Wemale"}, ["wep"] = {"Вестфали"}, ["wer"] = {"Weri"}, ["wes"] = {"Cameroon Pidgin"}, ["wet"] = {"Perai"}, ["weu"] = {"Rawngtu Chin"}, ["wew"] = {"Wejewa"}, ["wfg"] = {"Yafi", "Zorop"}, ["wga"] = {"Wagaya"}, ["wgb"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wgg"] = {"Wangkangurru", "Wangganguru"}, ["wgi"] = {"Wahgi"}, ["wgo"] = {"Waigeo"}, ["wgu"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wgy"] = {"Warrgamay"}, ["wha"] = {"Sou Upaa", "Manusela"}, ["whg"] = {"North Wahgi"}, ["whk"] = {"Wahau Kenyah"}, ["whu"] = {"Wahau Kayan"}, ["wib"] = {"Southern Toussian"}, ["wic"] = {"Wichita"}, ["wie"] = {"Wik-Epa"}, ["wif"] = {"Wik-Keyangan"}, ["wig"] = {"Wik Ngathan"}, ["wih"] = {"Wik-Me'anha"}, ["wii"] = {"Minidien"}, ["wij"] = {"Wik-Iiyanh"}, ["wik"] = {"Wikalkan"}, ["wil"] = {"Wilawila"}, ["wim"] = {"Wik-Mungkan"}, ["win"] = {"Ho-Chunk"}, ["wir"] = {"Wiraféd"}, ["wiu"] = {"Wiru"}, ["wiv"] = {"Vitu"}, ["wiy"] = {"Wiyot"}, ["wja"] = {"Waja"}, ["wji"] = {"Warji"}, ["wka"] = {"Kw'adza"}, ["wkb"] = {"Kumbaran"}, ["wkd"] = {"Wakde", "Mo"}, ["wkl"] = {"Kalanadi"}, ["wkr"] = {"Keerray-Woorroong"}, ["wku"] = {"Kunduvadi"}, ["wkw"] = {"Wakawaka"}, ["wky"] = {"Wangkayutyuru"}, ["wla"] = {"Walio"}, ["wlc"] = {"Mwali Comorian"}, ["wle"] = {"Wolane"}, ["wlg"] = {"Kunbarlang"}, ["wlh"] = {"Welaun"}, ["wli"] = {"Waioli"}, ["wlk"] = {"Wailaki"}, ["wll"] = {"Wali (Sudan)"}, ["wlm"] = {"Middle Welsh"}, ["wlo"] = {"Wolio"}, ["wlr"] = {"Wailapa"}, ["wls"] = {"Wallisian"}, ["wlu"] = {"Wuliwuli"}, ["wlv"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"}, ["wlw"] = {"Walak"}, ["wlx"] = {"Wali (Ghana)"}, ["wly"] = {"Waling"}, ["wma"] = {"Mawa (Nigeria)"}, ["wmb"] = {"Wambaya"}, ["wmc"] = {"Wamas"}, ["wmd"] = {"Mamaindé"}, ["wme"] = {"Wambule"}, ["wmg"] = {"Western Minyag"}, ["wmh"] = {"Waima'a"}, ["wmi"] = {"Wamin"}, ["wmm"] = {"Maiwa (Indonesia)"}, ["wmn"] = {"Waamwang"}, ["wmo"] = {"Wom (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["wms"] = {"Wambon"}, ["wmt"] = {"Walmajarri"}, ["wmw"] = {"Mwani"}, ["wmx"] = {"Womo"}, ["wnb"] = {"Wanambre"}, ["wnc"] = {"Wantoat"}, ["wnd"] = {"Wandarang"}, ["wne"] = {"Waneci"}, ["wng"] = {"Wanggom"}, ["wni"] = {"Ndzwani Comorian"}, ["wnk"] = {"Wanukaka"}, ["wnm"] = {"Wanggamala"}, ["wnn"] = {"Wunumara"}, ["wno"] = {"Wano"}, ["wnp"] = {"Wanap"}, ["wnu"] = {"Usan"}, ["wnw"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wny"] = {"Wanyi", "Waanyi"}, ["woa"] = {"Kuwema", "Tyaraity"}, ["wob"] = {"Wè Northern"}, ["woc"] = {"Wogeo"}, ["wod"] = {"Wolani"}, ["woe"] = {"Woleaian"}, ["wof"] = {"Gambian Wolof"}, ["wog"] = {"Wogamusin"}, ["woi"] = {"Kamang"}, ["wok"] = {"Longto"}, ["wom"] = {"Wom (Nigeria)"}, ["won"] = {"Wongo"}, ["woo"] = {"Manombai"}, ["wor"] = {"Woria"}, ["wos"] = {"Hanga Hundi"}, ["wow"] = {"Wawonii"}, ["woy"] = {"Weyto"}, ["wpc"] = {"Maco"}, ["wrb"] = {"Waluwarra", "Warluwara"}, ["wrd"] = {"Warduji"}, ["wrg"] = {"Warungu", "Gudjal"}, ["wrh"] = {"Wiradjuri"}, ["wri"] = {"Wariyangga"}, ["wrk"] = {"Garrwa"}, ["wrl"] = {"Warlmanpa"}, ["wrm"] = {"Warumungu"}, ["wrn"] = {"Warnang"}, ["wro"] = {"Worrorra"}, ["wrp"] = {"Waropen"}, ["wrr"] = {"Wardaman"}, ["wrs"] = {"Waris"}, ["wru"] = {"Waru"}, ["wrv"] = {"Waruna"}, ["wrw"] = {"Gugu Warra"}, ["wrx"] = {"Wae Rana"}, ["wry"] = {"Merwari"}, ["wrz"] = {"Waray (Australia)"}, ["wsa"] = {"Warembori"}, ["wsg"] = {"Adilabad Gondi"}, ["wsi"] = {"Wusi"}, ["wsk"] = {"Waskia"}, ["wsr"] = {"Owenia"}, ["wss"] = {"Wasa"}, ["wsu"] = {"Wasu"}, ["wsv"] = {"Wotapuri-Katarqalai"}, ["wtf"] = {"Watiwa"}, ["wth"] = {"Wathawurrung"}, ["wti"] = {"Berta"}, ["wtk"] = {"Watakataui"}, ["wtm"] = {"Mewati"}, ["wtw"] = {"Wotu"}, ["wua"] = {"Wikngenchera"}, ["wub"] = {"Wunambal"}, ["wud"] = {"Wudu"}, ["wuh"] = {"Wutunhua"}, ["wul"] = {"Silimo"}, ["wum"] = {"Wumbvu"}, ["wun"] = {"Bungu"}, ["wur"] = {"Wurrugu"}, ["wut"] = {"Wutung"}, ["wuu"] = {"Wu Chinese"}, ["wuv"] = {"Wuvulu-Aua"}, ["wux"] = {"Wulna"}, ["wuy"] = {"Wauyai"}, ["wwa"] = {"Waama"}, ["wwb"] = {"Wakabunga"}, ["wwo"] = {"Wetamut", "Dorig"}, ["wwr"] = {"Warrwa"}, ["www"] = {"Wawa"}, ["wxa"] = {"Waxianghua"}, ["wxw"] = {"Wardandi"}, ["wya"] = {"Wyandot"}, ["wyb"] = {"Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa"}, ["wyi"] = {"Woiwurrung"}, ["wym"] = {"Wymysorys"}, ["wyr"] = {"Wayoró"}, ["wyy"] = {"Western Fijian"}, ["xaa"] = {"Andalusian Arabic"}, ["xab"] = {"Sambe"}, ["xac"] = {"Kachari"}, ["xad"] = {"Adai"}, ["xae"] = {"Aequian"}, ["xag"] = {"Aghwan"}, ["xai"] = {"Kaimbé"}, ["xaj"] = {"Ararandewára"}, ["xak"] = {"Máku"}, ["xal"] = {"Халимаг", "Ойрад"}, ["xam"] = {"Цъхам"}, ["xan"] = {"Xamtanga"}, ["xao"] = {"Khao"}, ["xap"] = {"Apalachee"}, ["xaq"] = {"Aquitanian"}, ["xar"] = {"Karami"}, ["xas"] = {"Kamas"}, ["xat"] = {"Katawixi"}, ["xau"] = {"Kauwera"}, ["xav"] = {"Xavánte"}, ["xaw"] = {"Kawaiisu"}, ["xay"] = {"Kayan Mahakam"}, ["xbb"] = {"Lower Burdekin"}, ["xbc"] = {"Bactrian"}, ["xbd"] = {"Bindal"}, ["xbe"] = {"Bigambal"}, ["xbg"] = {"Bunganditj"}, ["xbi"] = {"Kombio"}, ["xbj"] = {"Birrpayi"}, ["xbm"] = {"Middle Breton"}, ["xbn"] = {"Kenaboi"}, ["xbo"] = {"Bolgarian"}, ["xbp"] = {"Bibbulman"}, ["xbr"] = {"Kambera"}, ["xbw"] = {"Kambiwá"}, ["xby"] = {"Batjala", "Batyala"}, ["xcb"] = {"Cumbric"}, ["xcc"] = {"Camunic"}, ["xce"] = {"Celtiberian"}, ["xcg"] = {"Cisalpine Gaulish"}, ["xch"] = {"Chemakum", "Chimakum"}, ["xcl"] = {"Classical Armenian"}, ["xcm"] = {"Comecrudo"}, ["xcn"] = {"Cotoname"}, ["xco"] = {"Chorasmian"}, ["xcr"] = {"Carian"}, ["xct"] = {"Classical Tibetan"}, ["xcu"] = {"Curonian"}, ["xcv"] = {"Chuvantsy"}, ["xcw"] = {"Coahuilteco"}, ["xcy"] = {"Cayuse"}, ["xda"] = {"Darkinyung"}, ["xdc"] = {"Dacian"}, ["xdk"] = {"Dharuk"}, ["xdm"] = {"Edomite"}, ["xdo"] = {"Kwandu"}, ["xdy"] = {"Malayic Dayak"}, ["xeb"] = {"Eblan"}, ["xed"] = {"Hdi"}, ["xeg"] = {"ǁXegwi"}, ["xel"] = {"Kelo"}, ["xem"] = {"Kembayan"}, ["xep"] = {"Epi-Olmec"}, ["xer"] = {"Xerénte"}, ["xes"] = {"Kesawai"}, ["xet"] = {"Xetá"}, ["xeu"] = {"Keoru-Ahia"}, ["xfa"] = {"Faliscan"}, ["xga"] = {"Galatian"}, ["xgb"] = {"Gbin"}, ["xgd"] = {"Gudang"}, ["xgf"] = {"Gabrielino-Fernandeño"}, ["xgg"] = {"Goreng"}, ["xgi"] = {"Garingbal"}, ["xgl"] = {"Galindan"}, ["xgm"] = {"Dharumbal", "Guwinmal"}, ["xgn"] = {"Mongolian languages"}, ["xgr"] = {"Garza"}, ["xgu"] = {"Unggumi"}, ["xgw"] = {"Guwa"}, ["xha"] = {"Harami"}, ["xhc"] = {"Hunnic"}, ["xhd"] = {"Hadrami"}, ["xhe"] = {"Khetrani"}, ["xhr"] = {"Hernican"}, ["xht"] = {"Hattic"}, ["xhu"] = {"Hurrian"}, ["xhv"] = {"Khua"}, ["xib"] = {"Iberian"}, ["xii"] = {"Xiri"}, ["xil"] = {"Illyrian"}, ["xin"] = {"Xinca"}, ["xir"] = {"Xiriâna"}, ["xis"] = {"Kisan"}, ["xiv"] = {"Indus Valley Language"}, ["xiy"] = {"Xipaya"}, ["xjb"] = {"Minjungbal"}, ["xjt"] = {"Jaitmatang"}, ["xka"] = {"Kalkoti"}, ["xkb"] = {"Northern Nago"}, ["xkc"] = {"Kho'ini"}, ["xkd"] = {"Mendalam Kayan"}, ["xke"] = {"Kereho"}, ["xkf"] = {"Khengkha"}, ["xkg"] = {"Kagoro"}, ["xki"] = {"Kenyan Sign Language"}, ["xkj"] = {"Kajali"}, ["xkk"] = {"Kaco'"}, ["xkl"] = {"Mainstream Kenyah"}, ["xkn"] = {"Kayan River Kayan"}, ["xko"] = {"Kiorr"}, ["xkp"] = {"Kabatei"}, ["xkq"] = {"Koroni"}, ["xkr"] = {"Xakriabá"}, ["xks"] = {"Kumbewaha"}, ["xkt"] = {"Kantosi"}, ["xku"] = {"Kaamba"}, ["xkv"] = {"Kgalagadi"}, ["xkw"] = {"Kembra"}, ["xkx"] = {"Karore"}, ["xky"] = {"Uma' Lasan"}, ["xkz"] = {"Kurtokha"}, ["xla"] = {"Kamula"}, ["xlb"] = {"Loup B"}, ["xlc"] = {"Lycian"}, ["xld"] = {"Lydian"}, ["xle"] = {"Lemnian"}, ["xlg"] = {"Ligurian (Ancient)"}, ["xli"] = {"Liburnian"}, ["xln"] = {"Alanic"}, ["xlo"] = {"Loup A"}, ["xlp"] = {"Lepontic"}, ["xls"] = {"Lusitanian"}, ["xlu"] = {"Cuneiform Luwian"}, ["xly"] = {"Elymian"}, ["xma"] = {"Mushungulu"}, ["xmb"] = {"Mbonga"}, ["xmc"] = {"Makhuwa-Marrevone"}, ["xmd"] = {"Mbudum"}, ["xme"] = {"Median"}, ["xmf"] = {"Mingrelian"}, ["xmg"] = {"Mengaka"}, ["xmh"] = {"Kugu-Muminh"}, ["xmj"] = {"Majera"}, ["xmk"] = {"Ancient Macedonian"}, ["xml"] = {"Malaysian Sign Language"}, ["xmm"] = {"Manado Malay"}, ["xmn"] = {"Manichaean Middle Persian"}, ["xmo"] = {"Morerebi"}, ["xmp"] = {"Kuku-Mu'inh"}, ["xmq"] = {"Kuku-Mangk"}, ["xmr"] = {"Meroitic"}, ["xms"] = {"Moroccan Sign Language"}, ["xmt"] = {"Matbat"}, ["xmu"] = {"Kamu"}, ["xmv"] = {"Antankarana Malagasy", "Tankarana Malagasy"}, ["xmw"] = {"Tsimihety Malagasy"}, ["xmx"] = {"Maden"}, ["xmy"] = {"Mayaguduna"}, ["xmz"] = {"Mori Bawah"}, ["xna"] = {"Ancient North Arabian"}, ["xnb"] = {"Kanakanabu"}, ["xnd"] = {"Na-Dene languages"}, ["xng"] = {"Middle Mongolian"}, ["xnh"] = {"Kuanhua"}, ["xni"] = {"Ngarigu"}, ["xnj"] = {"Ngoni (Tanzania)"}, ["xnk"] = {"Nganakarti"}, ["xnm"] = {"Ngumbarl"}, ["xnn"] = {"Northern Kankanay"}, ["xno"] = {"Англи-Норман"}, ["xnq"] = {"Ngoni (Mozambique)"}, ["xnr"] = {"Kangri"}, ["xns"] = {"Kanashi"}, ["xnt"] = {"Narragansett"}, ["xnu"] = {"Nukunul"}, ["xny"] = {"Nyiyaparli"}, ["xnz"] = {"Kenzi", "Mattoki"}, ["xoc"] = {"O'chi'chi'"}, ["xod"] = {"Kokoda"}, ["xog"] = {"Сога"}, ["xoi"] = {"Kominimung"}, ["xok"] = {"Xokleng"}, ["xom"] = {"Komo (Sudan)"}, ["xon"] = {"Konkomba"}, ["xoo"] = {"Xukurú"}, ["xop"] = {"Kopar"}, ["xor"] = {"Korubo"}, ["xow"] = {"Kowaki"}, ["xpa"] = {"Pirriya"}, ["xpb"] = {"Northeastern Tasmanian", "Pyemmairrener"}, ["xpc"] = {"Pecheneg"}, ["xpd"] = {"Oyster Bay Tasmanian"}, ["xpe"] = {"Liberia Kpelle"}, ["xpf"] = {"Өмнөд Тасмани", "Нюенонн"}, ["xpg"] = {"Phrygian"}, ["xph"] = {"North Midlands Tasmanian", "Tyerrenoterpanner"}, ["xpi"] = {"Pictish"}, ["xpj"] = {"Mpalitjanh"}, ["xpk"] = {"Kulina Pano"}, ["xpl"] = {"Port Sorell Tasmanian"}, ["xpm"] = {"Pumpokol"}, ["xpn"] = {"Kapinawá"}, ["xpo"] = {"Pochutec"}, ["xpp"] = {"Puyo-Paekche"}, ["xpq"] = {"Mohegan-Pequot"}, ["xpr"] = {"Parthian"}, ["xps"] = {"Pisidian"}, ["xpt"] = {"Punthamara"}, ["xpu"] = {"Punic"}, ["xpv"] = {"Northern Tasmanian", "Tommeginne"}, ["xpw"] = {"Northwestern Tasmanian", "Peerapper"}, ["xpx"] = {"Southwestern Tasmanian", "Toogee"}, ["xpy"] = {"Puyo"}, ["xpz"] = {"Bruny Island Tasmanian"}, ["xqa"] = {"Karakhanid"}, ["xqt"] = {"Qatabanian"}, ["xra"] = {"Krahô"}, ["xrb"] = {"Eastern Karaboro"}, ["xrd"] = {"Gundungurra"}, ["xre"] = {"Kreye"}, ["xrg"] = {"Minang"}, ["xri"] = {"Krikati-Timbira"}, ["xrm"] = {"Armazic"}, ["xrn"] = {"Arin"}, ["xrr"] = {"Raetic"}, ["xrt"] = {"Aranama-Tamique"}, ["xru"] = {"Marriammu"}, ["xrw"] = {"Karawa"}, ["xsa"] = {"Sabaean"}, ["xsb"] = {"Sambal"}, ["xsc"] = {"Scythian"}, ["xsd"] = {"Sidetic"}, ["xse"] = {"Sempan"}, ["xsh"] = {"Shamang"}, ["xsi"] = {"Sio"}, ["xsj"] = {"Subi"}, ["xsl"] = {"South Slavey"}, ["xsm"] = {"Kasem"}, ["xsn"] = {"Sanga (Nigeria)"}, ["xso"] = {"Solano"}, ["xsp"] = {"Silopi"}, ["xsq"] = {"Makhuwa-Saka"}, ["xsr"] = {"Sherpa"}, ["xss"] = {"Assan"}, ["xsu"] = {"Sanumá"}, ["xsv"] = {"Sudovian"}, ["xsy"] = {"Saisiyat"}, ["xta"] = {"Alcozauca Mixtec"}, ["xtb"] = {"Chazumba Mixtec"}, ["xtc"] = {"Katcha-Kadugli-Miri"}, ["xtd"] = {"Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"}, ["xte"] = {"Ketengban"}, ["xtg"] = {"Transalpine Gaulish"}, ["xth"] = {"Yitha Yitha"}, ["xti"] = {"Sinicahua Mixtec"}, ["xtj"] = {"San Juan Teita Mixtec"}, ["xtl"] = {"Tijaltepec Mixtec"}, ["xtm"] = {"Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec"}, ["xtn"] = {"Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["xto"] = {"Tokharian A"}, ["xtp"] = {"San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"}, ["xtq"] = {"Tumshuqese"}, ["xtr"] = {"Early Tripuri"}, ["xts"] = {"Sindihui Mixtec"}, ["xtt"] = {"Tacahua Mixtec"}, ["xtu"] = {"Cuyamecalco Mixtec"}, ["xtv"] = {"Thawa"}, ["xtw"] = {"Tawandê"}, ["xty"] = {"Yoloxochitl Mixtec"}, ["xua"] = {"Alu Kurumba"}, ["xub"] = {"Betta Kurumba"}, ["xud"] = {"Umiida"}, ["xug"] = {"Kunigami"}, ["xuj"] = {"Jennu Kurumba"}, ["xul"] = {"Нгунавал", "Нунукул"}, ["xum"] = {"Umbrian"}, ["xun"] = {"Unggaranggu"}, ["xuo"] = {"Kuo"}, ["xup"] = {"Upper Umpqua"}, ["xur"] = {"Urartian"}, ["xut"] = {"Kuthant"}, ["xuu"] = {"Kxoe", "Khwedam"}, ["xve"] = {"Venetic"}, ["xvi"] = {"Kamviri"}, ["xvn"] = {"Vandalic"}, ["xvo"] = {"Volscian"}, ["xvs"] = {"Vestinian"}, ["xwa"] = {"Kwaza"}, ["xwc"] = {"Woccon"}, ["xwd"] = {"Wadi Wadi"}, ["xwe"] = {"Xwela Gbe"}, ["xwg"] = {"Kwegu"}, ["xwj"] = {"Wajuk"}, ["xwk"] = {"Wangkumara"}, ["xwl"] = {"Western Xwla Gbe"}, ["xwo"] = {"Written Oirat"}, ["xwr"] = {"Kwerba Mamberamo"}, ["xwt"] = {"Wotjobaluk"}, ["xww"] = {"Wemba Wemba"}, ["xxb"] = {"Boro (Ghana)"}, ["xxk"] = {"Ke'o"}, ["xxm"] = {"Minkin"}, ["xxr"] = {"Koropó"}, ["xxt"] = {"Tambora"}, ["xya"] = {"Yaygir"}, ["xyb"] = {"Yandjibara"}, ["xyj"] = {"Mayi-Yapi"}, ["xyk"] = {"Mayi-Kulan"}, ["xyl"] = {"Yalakalore"}, ["xyt"] = {"Mayi-Thakurti"}, ["xyy"] = {"Yorta Yorta"}, ["xzh"] = {"Zhang-Zhung"}, ["xzm"] = {"Zemgalian"}, ["xzp"] = {"Ancient Zapotec"}, ["yaa"] = {"Yaminahua"}, ["yab"] = {"Yuhup"}, ["yac"] = {"Pass Valley Yali"}, ["yad"] = {"Yagua"}, ["yae"] = {"Pumé"}, ["yaf"] = {"Yaka (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["yag"] = {"Yámana"}, ["yah"] = {"Yazgulyam"}, ["yai"] = {"Yagnobi"}, ["yaj"] = {"Banda-Yangere"}, ["yak"] = {"Yakama"}, ["yal"] = {"Yalunka"}, ["yam"] = {"Yamba"}, ["yan"] = {"Mayangna"}, ["yao"] = {"Yao"}, ["yap"] = {"Yapese"}, ["yaq"] = {"Yaqui"}, ["yar"] = {"Yabarana"}, ["yas"] = {"Nugunu (Cameroon)"}, ["yat"] = {"Yambeta"}, ["yau"] = {"Yuwana"}, ["yav"] = {"Yangben"}, ["yaw"] = {"Yawalapití"}, ["yax"] = {"Yauma"}, ["yay"] = {"Agwagwune"}, ["yaz"] = {"Lokaa"}, ["yba"] = {"Yala"}, ["ybb"] = {"Yemba"}, ["ybe"] = {"West Yugur"}, ["ybh"] = {"Yakha"}, ["ybi"] = {"Yamphu"}, ["ybj"] = {"Hasha"}, ["ybk"] = {"Bokha"}, ["ybl"] = {"Yukuben"}, ["ybm"] = {"Yaben"}, ["ybn"] = {"Yabaâna"}, ["ybo"] = {"Yabong"}, ["ybx"] = {"Yawiyo"}, ["yby"] = {"Yaweyuha"}, ["ych"] = {"Chesu"}, ["ycl"] = {"Lolopo"}, ["ycn"] = {"Yucuna"}, ["ycp"] = {"Chepya"}, ["yda"] = {"Yanda"}, ["ydd"] = {"Eastern Yiddish"}, ["yde"] = {"Yangum Dey"}, ["ydg"] = {"Yidgha"}, ["ydk"] = {"Yoidik"}, ["yea"] = {"Ravula"}, ["yec"] = {"Yeniche"}, ["yee"] = {"Yimas"}, ["yei"] = {"Yeni"}, ["yej"] = {"Yevanic"}, ["yel"] = {"Yela"}, ["yer"] = {"Tarok"}, ["yes"] = {"Nyankpa"}, ["yet"] = {"Yetfa"}, ["yeu"] = {"Yerukula"}, ["yev"] = {"Yapunda"}, ["yey"] = {"Yeyi"}, ["yga"] = {"Malyangapa"}, ["ygi"] = {"Yiningayi"}, ["ygl"] = {"Yangum Gel"}, ["ygm"] = {"Yagomi"}, ["ygp"] = {"Gepo"}, ["ygr"] = {"Yagaria"}, ["ygs"] = {"Yolŋu Sign Language"}, ["ygu"] = {"Yugul"}, ["ygw"] = {"Yagwoia"}, ["yha"] = {"Baha Buyang"}, ["yhd"] = {"Judeo-Iraqi Arabic"}, ["yhl"] = {"Hlepho Phowa"}, ["yhs"] = {"Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language"}, ["yia"] = {"Yinggarda"}, ["yif"] = {"Ache"}, ["yig"] = {"Wusa Nasu"}, ["yih"] = {"Western Yiddish"}, ["yii"] = {"Yidiny"}, ["yij"] = {"Yindjibarndi"}, ["yik"] = {"Dongshanba Lalo"}, ["yil"] = {"Yindjilandji"}, ["yim"] = {"Yimchungru Naga"}, ["yin"] = {"Riang Lai", "Yinchia"}, ["yip"] = {"Pholo"}, ["yiq"] = {"Miqie"}, ["yir"] = {"North Awyu"}, ["yis"] = {"Yis"}, ["yit"] = {"Eastern Lalu"}, ["yiu"] = {"Awu"}, ["yiv"] = {"Northern Nisu"}, ["yix"] = {"Axi Yi"}, ["yiz"] = {"Azhe"}, ["yka"] = {"Yakan"}, ["ykg"] = {"Northern Yukaghir"}, ["yki"] = {"Yoke"}, ["ykk"] = {"Yakaikeke"}, ["ykl"] = {"Khlula"}, ["ykm"] = {"Kap"}, ["ykn"] = {"Kua-nsi"}, ["yko"] = {"Yasa"}, ["ykr"] = {"Yekora"}, ["ykt"] = {"Kathu"}, ["yku"] = {"Kuamasi"}, ["yky"] = {"Yakoma"}, ["yla"] = {"Yaul"}, ["ylb"] = {"Yaleba"}, ["yle"] = {"Yele"}, ["ylg"] = {"Yelogu"}, ["yli"] = {"Angguruk Yali"}, ["yll"] = {"Yil"}, ["ylm"] = {"Limi"}, ["yln"] = {"Langnian Buyang"}, ["ylo"] = {"Naluo Yi"}, ["ylr"] = {"Yalarnnga"}, ["ylu"] = {"Aribwaung"}, ["yly"] = {"Nyâlayu", "Nyelâyu"}, ["ymb"] = {"Yambes"}, ["ymc"] = {"Southern Muji"}, ["ymd"] = {"Muda"}, ["yme"] = {"Yameo"}, ["ymg"] = {"Yamongeri"}, ["ymh"] = {"Mili"}, ["ymi"] = {"Moji"}, ["ymk"] = {"Makwe"}, ["yml"] = {"Iamalele"}, ["ymm"] = {"Maay"}, ["ymn"] = {"Yamna", "Sunum"}, ["ymo"] = {"Yangum Mon"}, ["ymp"] = {"Yamap"}, ["ymq"] = {"Qila Muji"}, ["ymr"] = {"Malasar"}, ["yms"] = {"Mysian"}, ["ymx"] = {"Northern Muji"}, ["ymz"] = {"Muzi"}, ["yna"] = {"Aluo"}, ["ynd"] = {"Yandruwandha"}, ["yne"] = {"Lang'e"}, ["yng"] = {"Yango"}, ["ynk"] = {"Naukan Yupik"}, ["ynl"] = {"Yangulam"}, ["ynn"] = {"Yana"}, ["yno"] = {"Yong"}, ["ynq"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yns"] = {"Yansi"}, ["ynu"] = {"Yahuna"}, ["yob"] = {"Yoba"}, ["yog"] = {"Yogad"}, ["yoi"] = {"Yonaguni"}, ["yok"] = {"Yokuts"}, ["yol"] = {"Yola"}, ["yom"] = {"Yombe"}, ["yon"] = {"Yongkom"}, ["yot"] = {"Yotti"}, ["yox"] = {"Yoron"}, ["yoy"] = {"Yoy"}, ["ypa"] = {"Phala"}, ["ypb"] = {"Labo Phowa"}, ["ypg"] = {"Phola"}, ["yph"] = {"Phupha"}, ["ypk"] = {"Yupik languages"}, ["ypm"] = {"Phuma"}, ["ypn"] = {"Ani Phowa"}, ["ypo"] = {"Alo Phola"}, ["ypp"] = {"Phupa"}, ["ypz"] = {"Phuza"}, ["yra"] = {"Yerakai"}, ["yrb"] = {"Yareba"}, ["yre"] = {"Yaouré"}, ["yrk"] = {"Ненец"}, ["yrl"] = {"Nhengatu"}, ["yrm"] = {"Yirrk-Mel"}, ["yrn"] = {"Yerong"}, ["yro"] = {"Yaroamë"}, ["yrs"] = {"Yarsun"}, ["yrw"] = {"Yarawata"}, ["yry"] = {"Yarluyandi"}, ["ysc"] = {"Yassic"}, ["ysd"] = {"Samatao"}, ["ysg"] = {"Sonaga"}, ["ysl"] = {"Yugoslavian Sign Language"}, ["ysm"] = {"Myanmar Sign Language"}, ["ysn"] = {"Sani"}, ["yso"] = {"Nisi (China)"}, ["ysp"] = {"Southern Lolopo"}, ["ysr"] = {"Sirenik Yupik"}, ["yss"] = {"Yessan-Mayo"}, ["ysy"] = {"Sanie"}, ["yta"] = {"Talu"}, ["ytl"] = {"Tanglang"}, ["ytp"] = {"Thopho"}, ["ytw"] = {"Yout Wam"}, ["yty"] = {"Yatay"}, ["yua"] = {"Юкатек", "Юкатек Маяа"}, ["yub"] = {"Yugambal"}, ["yuc"] = {"Yuchi"}, ["yud"] = {"Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic"}, ["yue"] = {"Yue Chinese", "Cantonese"}, ["yuf"] = {"Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"}, ["yug"] = {"Yug"}, ["yui"] = {"Yurutí"}, ["yuj"] = {"Karkar-Yuri"}, ["yuk"] = {"Yuki"}, ["yul"] = {"Yulu"}, ["yum"] = {"Quechan"}, ["yun"] = {"Bena (Nigeria)"}, ["yup"] = {"Yukpa"}, ["yuq"] = {"Yuqui"}, ["yur"] = {"Yurok"}, ["yut"] = {"Yopno"}, ["yuw"] = {"Yau (Morobe Province)"}, ["yux"] = {"Southern Yukaghir"}, ["yuy"] = {"East Yugur"}, ["yuz"] = {"Yuracare"}, ["yva"] = {"Yawa"}, ["yvt"] = {"Yavitero"}, ["ywa"] = {"Kalou"}, ["ywg"] = {"Yinhawangka"}, ["ywl"] = {"Western Lalu"}, ["ywn"] = {"Yawanawa"}, ["ywq"] = {"Wuding-Luquan Yi"}, ["ywr"] = {"Yawuru"}, ["ywt"] = {"Xishanba Lalo", "Central Lalo"}, ["ywu"] = {"Wumeng Nasu"}, ["yww"] = {"Yawarawarga"}, ["yxa"] = {"Mayawali"}, ["yxg"] = {"Yagara"}, ["yxl"] = {"Yardliyawarra"}, ["yxm"] = {"Yinwum"}, ["yxu"] = {"Yuyu"}, ["yxy"] = {"Yabula Yabula"}, ["yyr"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yyu"] = {"Yau (Sandaun Province)"}, ["yyz"] = {"Ayizi"}, ["yzg"] = {"E'ma Buyang"}, ["yzk"] = {"Zokhuo"}, ["zaa"] = {"Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"}, ["zab"] = {"Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec", "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"}, ["zac"] = {"Ocotlán Zapotec"}, ["zad"] = {"Cajonos Zapotec"}, ["zae"] = {"Yareni Zapotec"}, ["zaf"] = {"Ayoquesco Zapotec"}, ["zag"] = {"Zaghawa"}, ["zah"] = {"Zangwal"}, ["zai"] = {"Isthmus Zapotec"}, ["zaj"] = {"Zaramo"}, ["zak"] = {"Zanaki"}, ["zal"] = {"Zauzou"}, ["zam"] = {"Miahuatlán Zapotec"}, ["zao"] = {"Ozolotepec Zapotec"}, ["zap"] = {"Zapotec"}, ["zaq"] = {"Aloápam Zapotec"}, ["zar"] = {"Rincón Zapotec"}, ["zas"] = {"Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["zat"] = {"Tabaa Zapotec"}, ["zau"] = {"Zangskari"}, ["zav"] = {"Yatzachi Zapotec"}, ["zaw"] = {"Mitla Zapotec"}, ["zax"] = {"Xadani Zapotec"}, ["zay"] = {"Zayse-Zergulla", "Zaysete"}, ["zaz"] = {"Zari"}, ["zba"] = {"Balaibalan"}, ["zbc"] = {"Central Berawan"}, ["zbe"] = {"East Berawan"}, ["zbl"] = {"Blissymbols", "Bliss", "Blissymbolics"}, ["zbt"] = {"Batui"}, ["zbu"] = {"Bu (Bauchi State)"}, ["zbw"] = {"West Berawan"}, ["zca"] = {"Coatecas Altas Zapotec"}, ["zch"] = {"Central Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zdj"] = {"Комор"}, ["zea"] = {"Zeeuws"}, ["zeg"] = {"Zenag"}, ["zeh"] = {"Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zen"] = {"Zenaga"}, ["zga"] = {"Kinga"}, ["zgb"] = {"Guibei Zhuang"}, ["zgh"] = {"Стандарт Мароккогийн Бербер"}, ["zgm"] = {"Minz Zhuang"}, ["zgn"] = {"Guibian Zhuang"}, ["zgr"] = {"Magori"}, ["zhb"] = {"Zhaba"}, ["zhd"] = {"Dai Zhuang"}, ["zhi"] = {"Zhire"}, ["zhn"] = {"Nong Zhuang"}, ["zhw"] = {"Zhoa"}, ["zhx"] = {"Chinese (family)"}, ["zia"] = {"Zia"}, ["zib"] = {"Zimbabwe Sign Language"}, ["zik"] = {"Zimakani"}, ["zil"] = {"Zialo"}, ["zim"] = {"Mesme"}, ["zin"] = {"Zinza"}, ["ziw"] = {"Zigula"}, ["ziz"] = {"Zizilivakan"}, ["zka"] = {"Kaimbulawa"}, ["zkb"] = {"Koibal"}, ["zkd"] = {"Kadu"}, ["zkg"] = {"Koguryo"}, ["zkh"] = {"Khorezmian"}, ["zkk"] = {"Karankawa"}, ["zkn"] = {"Kanan"}, ["zko"] = {"Kott"}, ["zkp"] = {"São Paulo Kaingáng"}, ["zkr"] = {"Zakhring"}, ["zkt"] = {"Kitan"}, ["zku"] = {"Kaurna"}, ["zkv"] = {"Krevinian"}, ["zkz"] = {"Khazar"}, ["zla"] = {"Zula"}, ["zle"] = {"Зүүн Слав хэлнүүд"}, ["zlj"] = {"Liujiang Zhuang"}, ["zlm"] = {"Malay (individual language)"}, ["zln"] = {"Lianshan Zhuang"}, ["zlq"] = {"Liuqian Zhuang"}, ["zls"] = {"South Slavic languages"}, ["zlw"] = {"West Slavic languages"}, ["zma"] = {"Manda (Australia)"}, ["zmb"] = {"Zimba"}, ["zmc"] = {"Margany"}, ["zmd"] = {"Maridan"}, ["zme"] = {"Mangerr"}, ["zmf"] = {"Mfinu"}, ["zmg"] = {"Marti Ke"}, ["zmh"] = {"Makolkol"}, ["zmi"] = {"Negeri Sembilan Malay"}, ["zmj"] = {"Maridjabin"}, ["zmk"] = {"Mandandanyi"}, ["zml"] = {"Matngala"}, ["zmm"] = {"Marimanindji", "Marramaninyshi"}, ["zmn"] = {"Mbangwe"}, ["zmo"] = {"Molo"}, ["zmp"] = {"Mpuono"}, ["zmq"] = {"Mituku"}, ["zmr"] = {"Maranunggu"}, ["zms"] = {"Mbesa"}, ["zmt"] = {"Maringarr"}, ["zmu"] = {"Muruwari"}, ["zmv"] = {"Mbariman-Gudhinma"}, ["zmw"] = {"Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["zmx"] = {"Bomitaba"}, ["zmy"] = {"Mariyedi"}, ["zmz"] = {"Mbandja"}, ["zna"] = {"Zan Gula"}, ["znd"] = {"Zande languages"}, ["zne"] = {"Zande (individual language)"}, ["zng"] = {"Mang"}, ["znk"] = {"Manangkari"}, ["zns"] = {"Mangas"}, ["zoc"] = {"Copainalá Zoque"}, ["zoh"] = {"Chimalapa Zoque"}, ["zom"] = {"Zou"}, ["zoo"] = {"Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zoq"] = {"Tabasco Zoque"}, ["zor"] = {"Rayón Zoque"}, ["zos"] = {"Francisco León Zoque"}, ["zpa"] = {"Lachiguiri Zapotec"}, ["zpb"] = {"Yautepec Zapotec"}, ["zpc"] = {"Choapan Zapotec"}, ["zpd"] = {"Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"}, ["zpe"] = {"Petapa Zapotec"}, ["zpf"] = {"San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"}, ["zpg"] = {"Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec"}, ["zph"] = {"Totomachapan Zapotec"}, ["zpi"] = {"Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"}, ["zpj"] = {"Quiavicuzas Zapotec"}, ["zpk"] = {"Tlacolulita Zapotec"}, ["zpl"] = {"Lachixío Zapotec"}, ["zpm"] = {"Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zpn"] = {"Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"}, ["zpo"] = {"Amatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpp"] = {"El Alto Zapotec"}, ["zpq"] = {"Zoogocho Zapotec"}, ["zpr"] = {"Santiago Xanica Zapotec"}, ["zps"] = {"Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpt"] = {"San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpu"] = {"Yalálag Zapotec"}, ["zpv"] = {"Chichicapan Zapotec"}, ["zpw"] = {"Zaniza Zapotec"}, ["zpx"] = {"San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["zpy"] = {"Mazaltepec Zapotec"}, ["zpz"] = {"Texmelucan Zapotec"}, ["zqe"] = {"Qiubei Zhuang"}, ["zra"] = {"Kara (Korea)"}, ["zrg"] = {"Mirgan"}, ["zrn"] = {"Zerenkel"}, ["zro"] = {"Záparo"}, ["zrp"] = {"Zarphatic"}, ["zrs"] = {"Mairasi"}, ["zsa"] = {"Sarasira"}, ["zsk"] = {"Kaskean"}, ["zsl"] = {"Zambian Sign Language"}, ["zsm"] = {"Standard Malay"}, ["zsr"] = {"Southern Rincon Zapotec"}, ["zsu"] = {"Sukurum"}, ["zte"] = {"Elotepec Zapotec"}, ["ztg"] = {"Xanaguía Zapotec"}, ["ztl"] = {"Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"}, ["ztm"] = {"San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["ztn"] = {"Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["ztp"] = {"Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["ztq"] = {"Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"}, ["zts"] = {"Tilquiapan Zapotec"}, ["ztt"] = {"Tejalapan Zapotec"}, ["ztu"] = {"Güilá Zapotec"}, ["ztx"] = {"Zaachila Zapotec"}, ["zty"] = {"Yatee Zapotec"}, ["zua"] = {"Zeem"}, ["zuh"] = {"Tokano"}, ["zum"] = {"Kumzari"}, ["zun"] = {"Zuni"}, ["zuy"] = {"Zumaya"}, ["zwa"] = {"Zay"}, ["zxx"] = {"No linguistic content", "Not applicable"}, ["zyb"] = {"Yongbei Zhuang"}, ["zyg"] = {"Yang Zhuang"}, ["zyj"] = {"Youjiang Zhuang"}, ["zyn"] = {"Yongnan Zhuang"}, ["zyp"] = {"Zyphe Chin"}, ["zza"] = {"Zaza", "Dimili", "Dimli (macrolanguage)", "Kirdki", "Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)", "Zazaki"}, ["zzj"] = {"Zuojiang Zhuang"} } local deprecated = { ["in"] = {"Indonesian"}, ["iw"] = {"Еврей"}, ["ji"] = {"Yiddish"}, ["jw"] = {"Javanese"}, ["mo"] = {"Moldavian", "Moldovan"}, ["aam"] = {"Aramanik"}, ["adp"] = {"Adap"}, ["agp"] = {"Paranan"}, ["ais"] = {"Nataoran Amis"}, ["aoh"] = {"Arma"}, ["asd"] = {"Asas"}, ["aue"] = {"ǂKxʼauǁʼein"}, ["ayx"] = {"Ayi (China)"}, ["ayy"] = {"Tayabas Ayta"}, ["baz"] = {"Tunen"}, ["bbz"] = {"Babalia Creole Arabic"}, ["bgm"] = {"Baga Mboteni"}, ["bhk"] = {"Albay Bicolano"}, ["bic"] = {"Bikaru"}, ["bij"] = {"Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri"}, ["bjd"] = {"Bandjigali"}, ["bjq"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bkb"] = {"Finallig"}, ["blg"] = {"Balau"}, ["bmy"] = {"Bemba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bpb"] = {"Barbacoas"}, ["btb"] = {"Beti (Cameroon)"}, ["btl"] = {"Bhatola"}, ["bxx"] = {"Borna (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["byy"] = {"Buya"}, ["cbe"] = {"Chipiajes"}, ["cbh"] = {"Cagua"}, ["cca"] = {"Cauca"}, ["ccq"] = {"Chaungtha"}, ["cdg"] = {"Chamari"}, ["cjr"] = {"Chorotega"}, ["cka"] = {"Khumi Awa Chin"}, ["cmk"] = {"Chimakum"}, ["coy"] = {"Coyaima"}, ["cqu"] = {"Chilean Quechua"}, ["cum"] = {"Cumeral"}, ["daf"] = {"Dan"}, ["dap"] = {"Nisi (India)"}, ["dgu"] = {"Degaru"}, ["dha"] = {"Dhanwar (India)"}, ["dit"] = {"Dirari"}, ["djl"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dkl"] = {"Kolum So Dogon"}, ["drh"] = {"Darkhat"}, ["drr"] = {"Dororo"}, ["drw"] = {"Darwazi"}, ["dud"] = {"Hun-Saare"}, ["duj"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dwl"] = {"Walo Kumbe Dogon"}, ["dzd"] = {"Daza"}, ["ekc"] = {"Eastern Karnic"}, ["elp"] = {"Elpaputih"}, ["emo"] = {"Emok"}, ["gav"] = {"Gabutamon"}, ["gbc"] = {"Garawa"}, ["gfx"] = {"Mangetti Dune ǃXung"}, ["ggn"] = {"Eastern Gurung"}, ["ggo"] = {"Southern Gondi"}, ["ggr"] = {"Aghu Tharnggalu"}, ["gio"] = {"Gelao"}, ["gji"] = {"Geji"}, ["gli"] = {"Guliguli"}, ["gti"] = {"Gbati-ri"}, ["guv"] = {"Gey"}, ["hrr"] = {"Horuru"}, ["iap"] = {"Iapama"}, ["ibi"] = {"Ibilo"}, ["ill"] = {"Iranun"}, ["ilw"] = {"Talur"}, ["ime"] = {"Imeraguen"}, ["izi"] = {"Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"}, ["jar"] = {"Jarawa (Nigeria)"}, ["jeg"] = {"Jeng"}, ["kbf"] = {"Kakauhua"}, ["kdv"] = {"Kado"}, ["kgc"] = {"Kasseng"}, ["kgd"] = {"Kataang"}, ["kgh"] = {"Upper Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kjf"] = {"Khalaj [Indo-Iranian]"}, ["koj"] = {"Sara Dunjo"}, ["kox"] = {"Coxima"}, ["kpp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["krm"] = {"Krim"}, ["ktr"] = {"Kota Marudu Tinagas"}, ["kvs"] = {"Kunggara"}, ["kwq"] = {"Kwak"}, ["kxe"] = {"Kakihum"}, ["kxl"] = {"Nepali Kurux"}, ["kxu"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["kzh"] = {"Kenuzi-Dongola"}, ["kzj"] = {"Coastal Kadazan"}, ["kzt"] = {"Tambunan Dusun"}, ["lba"] = {"Lui"}, ["leg"] = {"Lengua"}, ["lii"] = {"Lingkhim"}, ["llo"] = {"Khlor"}, ["lmm"] = {"Lamam"}, ["lmz"] = {"Lumbee"}, ["lsg"] = {"Lyons Sign Language"}, ["meg"] = {"Mea"}, ["mgx"] = {"Omati"}, ["mhh"] = {"Maskoy Pidgin"}, ["mja"] = {"Mahei"}, ["mld"] = {"Malakhel"}, ["mnt"] = {"Maykulan"}, ["mof"] = {"Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett"}, ["mst"] = {"Cataelano Mandaya"}, ["mvm"] = {"Muya"}, ["mwd"] = {"Mudbura"}, ["mwj"] = {"Maligo"}, ["mwx"] = {"Mediak"}, ["mwy"] = {"Mosiro"}, ["myd"] = {"Maramba"}, ["myi"] = {"Mina (India)"}, ["myq"] = {"Forest Maninka"}, ["myt"] = {"Sangab Mandaya"}, ["nad"] = {"Nijadali"}, ["nbf"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nbx"] = {"Ngura"}, ["ncp"] = {"Ndaktup"}, ["ngo"] = {"Ngoni"}, ["nln"] = {"Durango Nahuatl"}, ["nlr"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nns"] = {"Ningye"}, ["nnx"] = {"Ngong"}, ["noo"] = {"Nootka"}, ["nts"] = {"Natagaimas"}, ["nxu"] = {"Narau"}, ["ome"] = {"Omejes"}, ["oun"] = {"ǃOǃung"}, ["pat"] = {"Papitalai"}, ["pbz"] = {"Palu"}, ["pcr"] = {"Panang"}, ["pgy"] = {"Pongyong"}, ["plp"] = {"Palpa"}, ["pmc"] = {"Palumata"}, ["pmu"] = {"Mirpur Panjabi"}, ["pod"] = {"Ponares"}, ["ppa"] = {"Pao"}, ["ppr"] = {"Piru"}, ["prb"] = {"Lua'"}, ["pry"] = {"Pray 3"}, ["puk"] = {"Pu Ko"}, ["puz"] = {"Purum Naga"}, ["rie"] = {"Rien"}, ["rmr"] = {"Caló"}, ["rna"] = {"Runa"}, ["rsi"] = {"Rennellese Sign Language"}, ["sap"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["sca"] = {"Sansu"}, ["sdm"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sgl"] = {"Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"}, ["sgo"] = {"Songa"}, ["skk"] = {"Sok"}, ["snh"] = {"Shinabo"}, ["sul"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sum"] = {"Sumo-Mayangna"}, ["svr"] = {"Savara"}, ["tbb"] = {"Tapeba"}, ["tdu"] = {"Tempasuk Dusun"}, ["tgg"] = {"Tangga"}, ["thc"] = {"Tai Hang Tong"}, ["thw"] = {"Thudam"}, ["thx"] = {"The"}, ["tid"] = {"Tidong"}, ["tie"] = {"Tingal"}, ["tkk"] = {"Takpa"}, ["tlw"] = {"South Wemale"}, ["tmp"] = {"Tai Mène"}, ["tne"] = {"Tinoc Kallahan"}, ["tnf"] = {"Tangshewi"}, ["toe"] = {"Tomedes"}, ["tsf"] = {"Southwestern Tamang"}, ["unp"] = {"Worora"}, ["uok"] = {"Uokha"}, ["vki"] = {"Ija-Zuba"}, ["wgw"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wit"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wiw"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wra"] = {"Warapu"}, ["xba"] = {"Kamba (Brazil)"}, ["xbx"] = {"Kabixí"}, ["xia"] = {"Xiandao"}, ["xip"] = {"Xipináwa"}, ["xkh"] = {"Karahawyana"}, ["xrq"] = {"Karranga"}, ["xtz"] = {"Tasmanian"}, ["ybd"] = {"Yangbye"}, ["yds"] = {"Yiddish Sign Language"}, ["yen"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yiy"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yma"] = {"Yamphe"}, ["ymt"] = {"Mator-Taygi-Karagas"}, ["ynh"] = {"Yangho"}, ["yos"] = {"Yos"}, ["yri"] = {"Yarí"}, ["yuu"] = {"Yugh"}, ["zir"] = {"Ziriya"} } return { active = active, deprecated = deprecated, } egvhoeqxpsiiirnzbfs8fhf71smf4ta 859961 859956 2026-06-23T22:36:18Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859961 Scribunto text/plain -- File-Date: 2021-03-05 local active = { ["aa"] = {"Афар"}, ["ab"] = {"Абхаз"}, ["ae"] = {"Avestan"}, ["af"] = {"Африкаанс"}, ["ak"] = {"Акан"}, ["am"] = {"Амхар"}, ["an"] = {"Aragonese"}, ["ar"] = {"Араб"}, ["as"] = {"Ассам"}, ["av"] = {"Авар"}, ["ay"] = {"Аймара"}, ["az"] = {"Азербайжан"}, ["ba"] = {"Башкир"}, ["be"] = {"Беларусь"}, ["bg"] = {"Болгар"}, ["bh"] = {"Bihari languages"}, ["bi"] = {"Бислама"}, ["bm"] = {"Бамбара"}, ["bn"] = {"Бенгал", "Бангла"}, ["bo"] = {"Төвөд"}, ["br"] = {"Бретон"}, ["bs"] = {"Босни"}, ["ca"] = {"Каталан", "Валенси"}, ["ce"] = {"Чечень"}, ["ch"] = {"Chamorro"}, ["co"] = {"Корсика"}, ["cr"] = {"Cree"}, ["cs"] = {"Чех"}, ["cu"] = {"Church Slavic", "Church Slavonic", "Old Bulgarian", "Old Church Slavonic", "Old Slavonic"}, ["cv"] = {"Чуваш"}, ["cy"] = {"Уэльс"}, ["da"] = {"Дани"}, ["de"] = {"Герман"}, ["dv"] = {"Дивехи", "Мальдив"}, ["dz"] = {"Зонка"}, ["ee"] = {"Ewe"}, ["el"] = {"Modern Greek (1453-)"}, ["en"] = {"Англи"}, ["eo"] = {"Эсперанто"}, ["es"] = {"Испани", "Кастиль"}, ["et"] = {"Эстони"}, ["eu"] = {"Баск"}, ["fa"] = {"Перс"}, ["ff"] = {"Фула"}, ["fi"] = {"Фин"}, ["fj"] = {"Фижи"}, ["fo"] = {"Фарер"}, ["fr"] = {"Франц"}, ["fy"] = {"Western Frisian"}, ["ga"] = {"Ирланд"}, ["gd"] = {"Шотланд Гел", "Гел"}, ["gl"] = {"Галиси"}, ["gn"] = {"Гуарани"}, ["gu"] = {"Gujarati"}, ["gv"] = {"Manx"}, ["ha"] = {"Хауса"}, ["he"] = {"Еврей"}, ["hi"] = {"Хинди"}, ["ho"] = {"Хири Моту"}, ["hr"] = {"Хорват"}, ["ht"] = {"Хаити", "Хаитийн Креол"}, ["hu"] = {"Унгар"}, ["hy"] = {"Армени"}, ["hz"] = {"Хереро"}, ["ia"] = {"Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language Association)"}, ["id"] = {"Индонез"}, ["ie"] = {"Interlingue", "Occidental"}, ["ig"] = {"Игбо"}, ["ii"] = {"Сычуаны И", "Носу"}, ["ik"] = {"Inupiaq"}, ["io"] = {"Ido"}, ["is"] = {"Исланд"}, ["it"] = {"Итали"}, ["iu"] = {"Inuktitut"}, ["ja"] = {"Япон"}, ["jv"] = {"Javanese"}, ["ka"] = {"Гүрж"}, ["kg"] = {"Конго"}, ["ki"] = {"Kikuyu", "Gikuyu"}, ["kj"] = {"Кваньяма"}, ["kk"] = {"Казах"}, ["kl"] = {"Гренланд"}, ["km"] = {"Кхмер", "Төв Кхмер"}, ["kn"] = {"Каннада"}, ["ko"] = {"Солонгос"}, ["kr"] = {"Kanuri"}, ["ks"] = {"Kashmiri"}, ["ku"] = {"Курд"}, ["kv"] = {"Коми"}, ["kw"] = {"Корн"}, ["ky"] = {"Киргиз"}, ["la"] = {"Латин"}, ["lb"] = {"Люксембург"}, ["lg"] = {"Ганда", "Луганда"}, ["li"] = {"Лимбург"}, ["ln"] = {"Лингала"}, ["lo"] = {"Лаос"}, ["lt"] = {"Литва"}, ["lu"] = {"Luba-Katanga"}, ["lv"] = {"Латви"}, ["mg"] = {"Малагас"}, ["mh"] = {"Маршалл"}, ["mi"] = {"Маори"}, ["mk"] = {"Македон"}, ["ml"] = {"Malayalam"}, ["mn"] = {"Монгол"}, ["mr"] = {"Марати"}, ["ms"] = {"Малай"}, ["mt"] = {"Мальта"}, ["my"] = {"Бирм"}, ["na"] = {"Науру"}, ["nb"] = {"Норвегийн Бүкмол"}, ["nd"] = {"North Ndebele"}, ["ne"] = {"Балба"}, ["ng"] = {"Ndonga"}, ["nl"] = {"Нидерланд", "Flemish"}, ["nn"] = {"Норвегийн Нюнорск"}, ["no"] = {"Норвеги"}, ["nr"] = {"Өмнөд Ндебеле"}, ["nv"] = {"Navajo", "Navaho"}, ["ny"] = {"Ньянжа", "Чева", "Чичева"}, ["oc"] = {"Окситан"}, ["oj"] = {"Ojibwa"}, ["om"] = {"Оромо"}, ["or"] = {"Oriya (macrolanguage)", "Odia (macrolanguage)"}, ["os"] = {"Осети", "Осет"}, ["pa"] = {"Панжаби", "Пунжаби"}, ["pi"] = {"Pali"}, ["pl"] = {"Польш"}, ["ps"] = {"Пуштун", "Паштун"}, ["pt"] = {"Португал"}, ["qu"] = {"Кечуа"}, ["rm"] = {"Руманш"}, ["rn"] = {"Рунди"}, ["ro"] = {"Румын", "Молдав"}, ["ru"] = {"Орос"}, ["rw"] = {"Киняруанда"}, ["sa"] = {"Санскрит"}, ["sc"] = {"Сардини"}, ["sd"] = {"Синди"}, ["se"] = {"Хойд Сами"}, ["sg"] = {"Санго"}, ["sh"] = {"Серби-Хорват"}, ["si"] = {"Синхал"}, ["sk"] = {"Словак"}, ["sl"] = {"Словени"}, ["sm"] = {"Самоа"}, ["sn"] = {"Шона"}, ["so"] = {"Сомали"}, ["sq"] = {"Албани"}, ["sr"] = {"Серби"}, ["ss"] = {"Свати"}, ["st"] = {"Өмнөд Сото"}, ["su"] = {"Sundanese"}, ["sv"] = {"Швед"}, ["sw"] = {"Свахили"}, ["ta"] = {"Тамил"}, ["te"] = {"Телүгү"}, ["tg"] = {"Тажик"}, ["th"] = {"Тай"}, ["ti"] = {"Тигриня"}, ["tk"] = {"Туркмен"}, ["tl"] = {"Тагалог"}, ["tn"] = {"Тсвана"}, ["to"] = {"Tonga (Tonga Islands)"}, ["tr"] = {"Турк"}, ["ts"] = {"Тсонга"}, ["tt"] = {"Татар"}, ["tw"] = {"Twi"}, ["ty"] = {"Tahitian"}, ["ug"] = {"Уйгур"}, ["uk"] = {"Украин"}, ["ur"] = {"Урду"}, ["uz"] = {"Узбек"}, ["ve"] = {"Венда"}, ["vi"] = {"Вьетнам"}, ["vo"] = {"Volapük"}, ["wa"] = {"Walloon"}, ["wo"] = {"Wolof"}, ["xh"] = {"Коса"}, ["yi"] = {"Идиш"}, ["yo"] = {"Ёруба"}, ["za"] = {"Жуан"}, ["zh"] = {"Хятад"}, ["zu"] = {"Зулу"}, ["aaa"] = {"Ghotuo"}, ["aab"] = {"Alumu-Tesu"}, ["aac"] = {"Ari"}, ["aad"] = {"Amal"}, ["aae"] = {"Arbëreshë Albanian"}, ["aaf"] = {"Aranadan"}, ["aag"] = {"Ambrak"}, ["aah"] = {"Abu' Arapesh"}, ["aai"] = {"Arifama-Miniafia"}, ["aak"] = {"Ankave"}, ["aal"] = {"Afade"}, ["aan"] = {"Anambé"}, ["aao"] = {"Algerian Saharan Arabic"}, ["aap"] = {"Pará Arára"}, ["aaq"] = {"Eastern Abnaki"}, ["aas"] = {"Aasáx"}, ["aat"] = {"Arvanitika Albanian"}, ["aau"] = {"Abau"}, ["aav"] = {"Austro-Asiatic languages"}, ["aaw"] = {"Solong"}, ["aax"] = {"Mandobo Atas"}, ["aaz"] = {"Amarasi"}, ["aba"] = {"Abé"}, ["abb"] = {"Bankon"}, ["abc"] = {"Ambala Ayta"}, ["abd"] = {"Manide"}, ["abe"] = {"Western Abnaki"}, ["abf"] = {"Abai Sungai"}, ["abg"] = {"Abaga"}, ["abh"] = {"Tajiki Arabic"}, ["abi"] = {"Abidji"}, ["abj"] = {"Aka-Bea"}, ["abl"] = {"Lampung Nyo"}, ["abm"] = {"Abanyom"}, ["abn"] = {"Abua"}, ["abo"] = {"Abon"}, ["abp"] = {"Abellen Ayta"}, ["abq"] = {"Abaza"}, ["abr"] = {"Abron"}, ["abs"] = {"Ambonese Malay"}, ["abt"] = {"Ambulas"}, ["abu"] = {"Abure"}, ["abv"] = {"Baharna Arabic"}, ["abw"] = {"Pal"}, ["abx"] = {"Inabaknon"}, ["aby"] = {"Aneme Wake"}, ["abz"] = {"Abui"}, ["aca"] = {"Achagua"}, ["acb"] = {"Áncá"}, ["acd"] = {"Gikyode"}, ["ace"] = {"Achinese"}, ["acf"] = {"Saint Lucian Creole French"}, ["ach"] = {"Acoli"}, ["aci"] = {"Aka-Cari"}, ["ack"] = {"Aka-Kora"}, ["acl"] = {"Akar-Bale"}, ["acm"] = {"Mesopotamian Arabic"}, ["acn"] = {"Achang"}, ["acp"] = {"Eastern Acipa"}, ["acq"] = {"Ta'izzi-Adeni Arabic"}, ["acr"] = {"Achi"}, ["acs"] = {"Acroá"}, ["act"] = {"Achterhoeks"}, ["acu"] = {"Achuar-Shiwiar"}, ["acv"] = {"Achumawi"}, ["acw"] = {"Hijazi Arabic"}, ["acx"] = {"Omani Arabic"}, ["acy"] = {"Cypriot Arabic"}, ["acz"] = {"Acheron"}, ["ada"] = {"Adangme"}, ["adb"] = {"Atauran"}, ["add"] = {"Lidzonka", "Dzodinka"}, ["ade"] = {"Adele"}, ["adf"] = {"Dhofari Arabic"}, ["adg"] = {"Andegerebinha"}, ["adh"] = {"Adhola"}, ["adi"] = {"Adi"}, ["adj"] = {"Adioukrou"}, ["adl"] = {"Galo"}, ["adn"] = {"Adang"}, ["ado"] = {"Abu"}, ["adq"] = {"Adangbe"}, ["adr"] = {"Adonara"}, ["ads"] = {"Adamorobe Sign Language"}, ["adt"] = {"Adnyamathanha"}, ["adu"] = {"Aduge"}, ["adw"] = {"Amundava"}, ["adx"] = {"Amdo Tibetan"}, ["ady"] = {"Adyghe", "Adygei"}, ["adz"] = {"Adzera"}, ["aea"] = {"Areba"}, ["aeb"] = {"Tunisian Arabic"}, ["aec"] = {"Saidi Arabic"}, ["aed"] = {"Argentine Sign Language"}, ["aee"] = {"Northeast Pashai", "Northeast Pashayi"}, ["aek"] = {"Haeke"}, ["ael"] = {"Ambele"}, ["aem"] = {"Arem"}, ["aen"] = {"Armenian Sign Language"}, ["aeq"] = {"Aer"}, ["aer"] = {"Eastern Arrernte"}, ["aes"] = {"Alsea"}, ["aeu"] = {"Akeu"}, ["aew"] = {"Ambakich"}, ["aey"] = {"Amele"}, ["aez"] = {"Aeka"}, ["afa"] = {"Afro-Asiatic languages"}, ["afb"] = {"Gulf Arabic"}, ["afd"] = {"Andai"}, ["afe"] = {"Putukwam"}, ["afg"] = {"Afghan Sign Language"}, ["afh"] = {"Afrihili"}, ["afi"] = {"Akrukay", "Chini"}, ["afk"] = {"Nanubae"}, ["afn"] = {"Defaka"}, ["afo"] = {"Eloyi"}, ["afp"] = {"Tapei"}, ["afs"] = {"Afro-Seminole Creole"}, ["aft"] = {"Afitti"}, ["afu"] = {"Awutu"}, ["afz"] = {"Obokuitai"}, ["aga"] = {"Aguano"}, ["agb"] = {"Legbo"}, ["agc"] = {"Agatu"}, ["agd"] = {"Agarabi"}, ["age"] = {"Angal"}, ["agf"] = {"Arguni"}, ["agg"] = {"Angor"}, ["agh"] = {"Ngelima"}, ["agi"] = {"Agariya"}, ["agj"] = {"Argobba"}, ["agk"] = {"Isarog Agta"}, ["agl"] = {"Fembe"}, ["agm"] = {"Angaataha"}, ["agn"] = {"Agutaynen"}, ["ago"] = {"Tainae"}, ["agq"] = {"Aghem"}, ["agr"] = {"Aguaruna"}, ["ags"] = {"Esimbi"}, ["agt"] = {"Central Cagayan Agta"}, ["agu"] = {"Aguacateco"}, ["agv"] = {"Remontado Dumagat"}, ["agw"] = {"Kahua"}, ["agx"] = {"Агуль"}, ["agy"] = {"Southern Alta"}, ["agz"] = {"Mt. Iriga Agta"}, ["aha"] = {"Ahanta"}, ["ahb"] = {"Axamb"}, ["ahg"] = {"Qimant"}, ["ahh"] = {"Aghu"}, ["ahi"] = {"Tiagbamrin Aizi"}, ["ahk"] = {"Akha"}, ["ahl"] = {"Igo"}, ["ahm"] = {"Mobumrin Aizi"}, ["ahn"] = {"Àhàn"}, ["aho"] = {"Ahom"}, ["ahp"] = {"Aproumu Aizi"}, ["ahr"] = {"Ahirani"}, ["ahs"] = {"Ashe"}, ["aht"] = {"Ahtena"}, ["aia"] = {"Arosi"}, ["aib"] = {"Ainu (China)"}, ["aic"] = {"Ainbai"}, ["aid"] = {"Alngith"}, ["aie"] = {"Amara"}, ["aif"] = {"Agi"}, ["aig"] = {"Antigua and Barbuda Creole English"}, ["aih"] = {"Ai-Cham"}, ["aii"] = {"Assyrian Neo-Aramaic"}, ["aij"] = {"Lishanid Noshan"}, ["aik"] = {"Ake"}, ["ail"] = {"Aimele"}, ["aim"] = {"Aimol"}, ["ain"] = {"Ainu (Japan)"}, ["aio"] = {"Aiton"}, ["aip"] = {"Burumakok"}, ["aiq"] = {"Aimaq"}, ["air"] = {"Airoran"}, ["ait"] = {"Arikem"}, ["aiw"] = {"Aari"}, ["aix"] = {"Aighon"}, ["aiy"] = {"Ali"}, ["aja"] = {"Aja (South Sudan)"}, ["ajg"] = {"Aja (Benin)"}, ["aji"] = {"Ajië"}, ["ajn"] = {"Andajin"}, ["ajp"] = {"South Levantine Arabic"}, ["ajt"] = {"Judeo-Tunisian Arabic"}, ["aju"] = {"Judeo-Moroccan Arabic"}, ["ajw"] = {"Ajawa"}, ["ajz"] = {"Amri Karbi"}, ["akb"] = {"Batak Angkola"}, ["akc"] = {"Mpur"}, ["akd"] = {"Ukpet-Ehom"}, ["ake"] = {"Akawaio"}, ["akf"] = {"Akpa"}, ["akg"] = {"Anakalangu"}, ["akh"] = {"Angal Heneng"}, ["aki"] = {"Aiome"}, ["akj"] = {"Aka-Jeru"}, ["akk"] = {"Akkadian"}, ["akl"] = {"Aklanon"}, ["akm"] = {"Aka-Bo"}, ["ako"] = {"Akurio"}, ["akp"] = {"Siwu"}, ["akq"] = {"Ak"}, ["akr"] = {"Araki"}, ["aks"] = {"Akaselem"}, ["akt"] = {"Akolet"}, ["aku"] = {"Akum"}, ["akv"] = {"Akhvakh"}, ["akw"] = {"Akwa"}, ["akx"] = {"Aka-Kede"}, ["aky"] = {"Aka-Kol"}, ["akz"] = {"Alabama"}, ["ala"] = {"Alago"}, ["alc"] = {"Qawasqar"}, ["ald"] = {"Alladian"}, ["ale"] = {"Aleut"}, ["alf"] = {"Alege"}, ["alg"] = {"Algonquian languages"}, ["alh"] = {"Alawa"}, ["ali"] = {"Amaimon"}, ["alj"] = {"Alangan"}, ["alk"] = {"Alak"}, ["all"] = {"Allar"}, ["alm"] = {"Amblong"}, ["aln"] = {"Gheg Albanian"}, ["alo"] = {"Larike-Wakasihu"}, ["alp"] = {"Alune"}, ["alq"] = {"Algonquin"}, ["alr"] = {"Alutor"}, ["als"] = {"Tosk Albanian"}, ["alt"] = {"Өмнөд Алтай"}, ["alu"] = {"'Are'are"}, ["alv"] = {"Atlantic-Congo languages"}, ["alw"] = {"Alaba-K’abeena", "Wanbasana"}, ["alx"] = {"Amol"}, ["aly"] = {"Alyawarr"}, ["alz"] = {"Alur"}, ["ama"] = {"Amanayé"}, ["amb"] = {"Ambo"}, ["amc"] = {"Amahuaca"}, ["ame"] = {"Yanesha'"}, ["amf"] = {"Hamer-Banna"}, ["amg"] = {"Amurdak"}, ["ami"] = {"Amis"}, ["amj"] = {"Amdang"}, ["amk"] = {"Ambai"}, ["aml"] = {"War-Jaintia"}, ["amm"] = {"Ama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["amn"] = {"Amanab"}, ["amo"] = {"Amo"}, ["amp"] = {"Alamblak"}, ["amq"] = {"Amahai"}, ["amr"] = {"Amarakaeri"}, ["ams"] = {"Southern Amami-Oshima"}, ["amt"] = {"Amto"}, ["amu"] = {"Guerrero Amuzgo"}, ["amv"] = {"Ambelau"}, ["amw"] = {"Western Neo-Aramaic"}, ["amx"] = {"Anmatyerre"}, ["amy"] = {"Ami"}, ["amz"] = {"Atampaya"}, ["ana"] = {"Andaqui"}, ["anb"] = {"Andoa"}, ["anc"] = {"Ngas"}, ["and"] = {"Ansus"}, ["ane"] = {"Xârâcùù"}, ["anf"] = {"Animere"}, ["ang"] = {"Хуучин Англи (ca. 450-1100)"}, ["anh"] = {"Nend"}, ["ani"] = {"Andi"}, ["anj"] = {"Anor"}, ["ank"] = {"Goemai"}, ["anl"] = {"Anu-Hkongso Chin"}, ["anm"] = {"Anal"}, ["ann"] = {"Obolo"}, ["ano"] = {"Andoque"}, ["anp"] = {"Angika"}, ["anq"] = {"Jarawa (India)"}, ["anr"] = {"Andh"}, ["ans"] = {"Anserma"}, ["ant"] = {"Antakarinya", "Antikarinya"}, ["anu"] = {"Anuak"}, ["anv"] = {"Denya"}, ["anw"] = {"Anaang"}, ["anx"] = {"Andra-Hus"}, ["any"] = {"Anyin"}, ["anz"] = {"Anem"}, ["aoa"] = {"Angolar"}, ["aob"] = {"Abom"}, ["aoc"] = {"Pemon"}, ["aod"] = {"Andarum"}, ["aoe"] = {"Angal Enen"}, ["aof"] = {"Bragat"}, ["aog"] = {"Angoram"}, ["aoi"] = {"Anindilyakwa"}, ["aoj"] = {"Mufian"}, ["aok"] = {"Arhö"}, ["aol"] = {"Alor"}, ["aom"] = {"Ömie"}, ["aon"] = {"Bumbita Arapesh"}, ["aor"] = {"Aore"}, ["aos"] = {"Taikat"}, ["aot"] = {"Atong (India)", "A'tong"}, ["aou"] = {"A'ou"}, ["aox"] = {"Atorada"}, ["aoz"] = {"Uab Meto"}, ["apa"] = {"Apache languages"}, ["apb"] = {"Sa'a"}, ["apc"] = {"North Levantine Arabic"}, ["apd"] = {"Sudanese Arabic"}, ["ape"] = {"Bukiyip"}, ["apf"] = {"Pahanan Agta"}, ["apg"] = {"Ampanang"}, ["aph"] = {"Athpariya"}, ["api"] = {"Apiaká"}, ["apj"] = {"Jicarilla Apache"}, ["apk"] = {"Kiowa Apache"}, ["apl"] = {"Lipan Apache"}, ["apm"] = {"Mescalero-Chiricahua Apache"}, ["apn"] = {"Apinayé"}, ["apo"] = {"Ambul"}, ["app"] = {"Apma"}, ["apq"] = {"A-Pucikwar"}, ["apr"] = {"Arop-Lokep"}, ["aps"] = {"Arop-Sissano"}, ["apt"] = {"Apatani"}, ["apu"] = {"Apurinã"}, ["apv"] = {"Alapmunte"}, ["apw"] = {"Western Apache"}, ["apx"] = {"Aputai"}, ["apy"] = {"Apalaí"}, ["apz"] = {"Safeyoka"}, ["aqa"] = {"Alacalufan languages"}, ["aqc"] = {"Archi"}, ["aqd"] = {"Ampari Dogon"}, ["aqg"] = {"Arigidi"}, ["aqk"] = {"Aninka"}, ["aql"] = {"Algic languages"}, ["aqm"] = {"Atohwaim"}, ["aqn"] = {"Northern Alta"}, ["aqp"] = {"Atakapa"}, ["aqr"] = {"Arhâ"}, ["aqt"] = {"Angaité"}, ["aqz"] = {"Akuntsu"}, ["arb"] = {"Стандарт Араб"}, ["arc"] = {"Official Aramaic (700-300 BCE)", "Imperial Aramaic (700-300 BCE)"}, ["ard"] = {"Arabana"}, ["are"] = {"Western Arrarnta"}, ["arh"] = {"Arhuaco"}, ["ari"] = {"Arikara"}, ["arj"] = {"Arapaso"}, ["ark"] = {"Arikapú"}, ["arl"] = {"Arabela"}, ["arn"] = {"Mapudungun", "Mapuche"}, ["aro"] = {"Araona"}, ["arp"] = {"Arapaho"}, ["arq"] = {"Algerian Arabic"}, ["arr"] = {"Karo (Brazil)"}, ["ars"] = {"Najdi Arabic"}, ["art"] = {"Artificial languages"}, ["aru"] = {"Aruá (Amazonas State)", "Arawá"}, ["arv"] = {"Arbore"}, ["arw"] = {"Arawak"}, ["arx"] = {"Aruá (Rodonia State)"}, ["ary"] = {"Moroccan Arabic"}, ["arz"] = {"Египетийн Араб"}, ["asa"] = {"Asu (Tanzania)"}, ["asb"] = {"Assiniboine"}, ["asc"] = {"Casuarina Coast Asmat"}, ["ase"] = {"American Sign Language"}, ["asf"] = {"Auslan", "Australian Sign Language"}, ["asg"] = {"Cishingini"}, ["ash"] = {"Abishira"}, ["asi"] = {"Buruwai"}, ["asj"] = {"Sari"}, ["ask"] = {"Ashkun"}, ["asl"] = {"Asilulu"}, ["asn"] = {"Xingú Asuriní"}, ["aso"] = {"Dano"}, ["asp"] = {"Algerian Sign Language"}, ["asq"] = {"Austrian Sign Language"}, ["asr"] = {"Asuri"}, ["ass"] = {"Ipulo"}, ["ast"] = {"Asturian", "Asturleonese", "Bable", "Leonese"}, ["asu"] = {"Tocantins Asurini"}, ["asv"] = {"Asoa"}, ["asw"] = {"Australian Aborigines Sign Language"}, ["asx"] = {"Muratayak"}, ["asy"] = {"Yaosakor Asmat"}, ["asz"] = {"As"}, ["ata"] = {"Pele-Ata"}, ["atb"] = {"Zaiwa"}, ["atc"] = {"Atsahuaca"}, ["atd"] = {"Ata Manobo"}, ["ate"] = {"Atemble"}, ["atg"] = {"Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe"}, ["ath"] = {"Athapascan languages"}, ["ati"] = {"Attié"}, ["atj"] = {"Atikamekw"}, ["atk"] = {"Ati"}, ["atl"] = {"Mt. Iraya Agta"}, ["atm"] = {"Ata"}, ["atn"] = {"Ashtiani"}, ["ato"] = {"Atong (Cameroon)"}, ["atp"] = {"Pudtol Atta"}, ["atq"] = {"Aralle-Tabulahan"}, ["atr"] = {"Waimiri-Atroari"}, ["ats"] = {"Gros Ventre"}, ["att"] = {"Pamplona Atta"}, ["atu"] = {"Reel"}, ["atv"] = {"Northern Altai"}, ["atw"] = {"Atsugewi"}, ["atx"] = {"Arutani"}, ["aty"] = {"Aneityum"}, ["atz"] = {"Arta"}, ["aua"] = {"Asumboa"}, ["aub"] = {"Alugu"}, ["auc"] = {"Waorani"}, ["aud"] = {"Anuta"}, ["auf"] = {"Arauan languages"}, ["aug"] = {"Aguna"}, ["auh"] = {"Aushi"}, ["aui"] = {"Anuki"}, ["auj"] = {"Awjilah"}, ["auk"] = {"Heyo"}, ["aul"] = {"Aulua"}, ["aum"] = {"Asu (Nigeria)"}, ["aun"] = {"Molmo One"}, ["auo"] = {"Auyokawa"}, ["aup"] = {"Makayam"}, ["auq"] = {"Anus", "Korur"}, ["aur"] = {"Aruek"}, ["aus"] = {"Australian languages"}, ["aut"] = {"Austral"}, ["auu"] = {"Auye"}, ["auw"] = {"Awyi"}, ["aux"] = {"Aurá"}, ["auy"] = {"Awiyaana"}, ["auz"] = {"Uzbeki Arabic"}, ["avb"] = {"Avau"}, ["avd"] = {"Alviri-Vidari"}, ["avi"] = {"Avikam"}, ["avk"] = {"Kotava"}, ["avl"] = {"Eastern Egyptian Bedawi Arabic"}, ["avm"] = {"Angkamuthi"}, ["avn"] = {"Avatime"}, ["avo"] = {"Agavotaguerra"}, ["avs"] = {"Aushiri"}, ["avt"] = {"Au"}, ["avu"] = {"Avokaya"}, ["avv"] = {"Avá-Canoeiro"}, ["awa"] = {"Awadhi"}, ["awb"] = {"Awa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["awc"] = {"Cicipu"}, ["awd"] = {"Arawakan languages"}, ["awe"] = {"Awetí"}, ["awg"] = {"Anguthimri"}, ["awh"] = {"Awbono"}, ["awi"] = {"Aekyom"}, ["awk"] = {"Awabakal"}, ["awm"] = {"Arawum"}, ["awn"] = {"Awngi"}, ["awo"] = {"Awak"}, ["awr"] = {"Awera"}, ["aws"] = {"South Awyu"}, ["awt"] = {"Araweté"}, ["awu"] = {"Central Awyu"}, ["awv"] = {"Jair Awyu"}, ["aww"] = {"Awun"}, ["awx"] = {"Awara"}, ["awy"] = {"Edera Awyu"}, ["axb"] = {"Abipon"}, ["axe"] = {"Ayerrerenge"}, ["axg"] = {"Mato Grosso Arára"}, ["axk"] = {"Yaka (Central African Republic)"}, ["axl"] = {"Lower Southern Aranda"}, ["axm"] = {"Middle Armenian"}, ["axx"] = {"Xârâgurè"}, ["aya"] = {"Awar"}, ["ayb"] = {"Ayizo Gbe"}, ["ayc"] = {"Southern Aymara"}, ["ayd"] = {"Ayabadhu"}, ["aye"] = {"Ayere"}, ["ayg"] = {"Ginyanga"}, ["ayh"] = {"Hadrami Arabic"}, ["ayi"] = {"Leyigha"}, ["ayk"] = {"Akuku"}, ["ayl"] = {"Libyan Arabic"}, ["ayn"] = {"Sanaani Arabic"}, ["ayo"] = {"Ayoreo"}, ["ayp"] = {"North Mesopotamian Arabic"}, ["ayq"] = {"Ayi (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["ayr"] = {"Central Aymara"}, ["ays"] = {"Sorsogon Ayta"}, ["ayt"] = {"Magbukun Ayta"}, ["ayu"] = {"Ayu"}, ["ayz"] = {"Mai Brat"}, ["aza"] = {"Azha"}, ["azb"] = {"South Azerbaijani"}, ["azc"] = {"Uto-Aztecan languages"}, ["azd"] = {"Eastern Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azg"] = {"San Pedro Amuzgos Amuzgo"}, ["azj"] = {"North Azerbaijani"}, ["azm"] = {"Ipalapa Amuzgo"}, ["azn"] = {"Western Durango Nahuatl"}, ["azo"] = {"Awing"}, ["azt"] = {"Faire Atta"}, ["azz"] = {"Highland Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["baa"] = {"Babatana"}, ["bab"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyuño"}, ["bac"] = {"Badui"}, ["bad"] = {"Banda languages"}, ["bae"] = {"Baré"}, ["baf"] = {"Nubaca"}, ["bag"] = {"Tuki"}, ["bah"] = {"Bahamas Creole English"}, ["bai"] = {"Bamileke languages"}, ["baj"] = {"Barakai"}, ["bal"] = {"Baluchi"}, ["ban"] = {"Бали"}, ["bao"] = {"Waimaha"}, ["bap"] = {"Bantawa"}, ["bar"] = {"Бавари"}, ["bas"] = {"Basa (Cameroon)"}, ["bat"] = {"Baltic languages"}, ["bau"] = {"Bada (Nigeria)"}, ["bav"] = {"Vengo"}, ["baw"] = {"Bambili-Bambui"}, ["bax"] = {"Bamun"}, ["bay"] = {"Batuley"}, ["bba"] = {"Baatonum"}, ["bbb"] = {"Barai"}, ["bbc"] = {"Batak Toba"}, ["bbd"] = {"Bau"}, ["bbe"] = {"Bangba"}, ["bbf"] = {"Baibai"}, ["bbg"] = {"Barama"}, ["bbh"] = {"Bugan"}, ["bbi"] = {"Barombi"}, ["bbj"] = {"Ghomálá'"}, ["bbk"] = {"Babanki"}, ["bbl"] = {"Bats"}, ["bbm"] = {"Babango"}, ["bbn"] = {"Uneapa"}, ["bbo"] = {"Northern Bobo Madaré", "Konabéré"}, ["bbp"] = {"West Central Banda"}, ["bbq"] = {"Bamali"}, ["bbr"] = {"Girawa"}, ["bbs"] = {"Bakpinka"}, ["bbt"] = {"Mburku"}, ["bbu"] = {"Kulung (Nigeria)"}, ["bbv"] = {"Karnai"}, ["bbw"] = {"Baba"}, ["bbx"] = {"Bubia"}, ["bby"] = {"Befang"}, ["bca"] = {"Central Bai"}, ["bcb"] = {"Bainouk-Samik"}, ["bcc"] = {"Southern Balochi"}, ["bcd"] = {"North Babar"}, ["bce"] = {"Bamenyam"}, ["bcf"] = {"Bamu"}, ["bcg"] = {"Baga Pokur"}, ["bch"] = {"Bariai"}, ["bci"] = {"Baoulé"}, ["bcj"] = {"Bardi"}, ["bck"] = {"Bunuba"}, ["bcl"] = {"Central Bikol"}, ["bcm"] = {"Bannoni"}, ["bcn"] = {"Bali (Nigeria)"}, ["bco"] = {"Kaluli"}, ["bcp"] = {"Bali (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bcq"] = {"Bench"}, ["bcr"] = {"Babine"}, ["bcs"] = {"Kohumono"}, ["bct"] = {"Bendi"}, ["bcu"] = {"Awad Bing"}, ["bcv"] = {"Shoo-Minda-Nye"}, ["bcw"] = {"Bana"}, ["bcy"] = {"Bacama"}, ["bcz"] = {"Bainouk-Gunyaamolo"}, ["bda"] = {"Bayot"}, ["bdb"] = {"Basap"}, ["bdc"] = {"Emberá-Baudó"}, ["bdd"] = {"Bunama"}, ["bde"] = {"Bade"}, ["bdf"] = {"Biage"}, ["bdg"] = {"Bonggi"}, ["bdh"] = {"Baka (South Sudan)"}, ["bdi"] = {"Burun"}, ["bdj"] = {"Bai (South Sudan)", "Bai"}, ["bdk"] = {"Budukh"}, ["bdl"] = {"Indonesian Bajau"}, ["bdm"] = {"Buduma"}, ["bdn"] = {"Baldemu"}, ["bdo"] = {"Morom"}, ["bdp"] = {"Bende"}, ["bdq"] = {"Bahnar"}, ["bdr"] = {"West Coast Bajau"}, ["bds"] = {"Burunge"}, ["bdt"] = {"Bokoto"}, ["bdu"] = {"Oroko"}, ["bdv"] = {"Bodo Parja"}, ["bdw"] = {"Baham"}, ["bdx"] = {"Budong-Budong"}, ["bdy"] = {"Bandjalang"}, ["bdz"] = {"Badeshi"}, ["bea"] = {"Beaver"}, ["beb"] = {"Bebele"}, ["bec"] = {"Iceve-Maci"}, ["bed"] = {"Bedoanas"}, ["bee"] = {"Byangsi"}, ["bef"] = {"Benabena"}, ["beg"] = {"Belait"}, ["beh"] = {"Biali"}, ["bei"] = {"Bekati'"}, ["bej"] = {"Beja", "Bedawiyet"}, ["bek"] = {"Bebeli"}, ["bem"] = {"Bemba (Zambia)"}, ["beo"] = {"Beami"}, ["bep"] = {"Besoa"}, ["beq"] = {"Beembe"}, ["ber"] = {"Бербер хэлнүүд"}, ["bes"] = {"Besme"}, ["bet"] = {"Guiberoua Béte"}, ["beu"] = {"Blagar"}, ["bev"] = {"Daloa Bété"}, ["bew"] = {"Betawi"}, ["bex"] = {"Jur Modo"}, ["bey"] = {"Beli (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bez"] = {"Bena (Tanzania)"}, ["bfa"] = {"Bari"}, ["bfb"] = {"Pauri Bareli"}, ["bfc"] = {"Panyi Bai", "Northern Bai"}, ["bfd"] = {"Bafut"}, ["bfe"] = {"Betaf", "Tena"}, ["bff"] = {"Bofi"}, ["bfg"] = {"Busang Kayan"}, ["bfh"] = {"Blafe"}, ["bfi"] = {"British Sign Language"}, ["bfj"] = {"Bafanji"}, ["bfk"] = {"Ban Khor Sign Language"}, ["bfl"] = {"Banda-Ndélé"}, ["bfm"] = {"Mmen"}, ["bfn"] = {"Bunak"}, ["bfo"] = {"Malba Birifor"}, ["bfp"] = {"Beba"}, ["bfq"] = {"Badaga"}, ["bfr"] = {"Bazigar"}, ["bfs"] = {"Southern Bai"}, ["bft"] = {"Balti"}, ["bfu"] = {"Gahri"}, ["bfw"] = {"Bondo"}, ["bfx"] = {"Bantayanon"}, ["bfy"] = {"Bagheli"}, ["bfz"] = {"Mahasu Pahari"}, ["bga"] = {"Gwamhi-Wuri"}, ["bgb"] = {"Bobongko"}, ["bgc"] = {"Haryanvi"}, ["bgd"] = {"Rathwi Bareli"}, ["bge"] = {"Bauria"}, ["bgf"] = {"Bangandu"}, ["bgg"] = {"Bugun"}, ["bgi"] = {"Giangan"}, ["bgj"] = {"Bangolan"}, ["bgk"] = {"Bit", "Buxinhua"}, ["bgl"] = {"Bo (Laos)"}, ["bgn"] = {"Western Balochi"}, ["bgo"] = {"Baga Koga"}, ["bgp"] = {"Eastern Balochi"}, ["bgq"] = {"Bagri"}, ["bgr"] = {"Bawm Chin"}, ["bgs"] = {"Tagabawa"}, ["bgt"] = {"Bughotu"}, ["bgu"] = {"Mbongno"}, ["bgv"] = {"Warkay-Bipim"}, ["bgw"] = {"Bhatri"}, ["bgx"] = {"Balkan Gagauz Turkish"}, ["bgy"] = {"Benggoi"}, ["bgz"] = {"Banggai"}, ["bha"] = {"Bharia"}, ["bhb"] = {"Bhili"}, ["bhc"] = {"Biga"}, ["bhd"] = {"Bhadrawahi"}, ["bhe"] = {"Bhaya"}, ["bhf"] = {"Odiai"}, ["bhg"] = {"Binandere"}, ["bhh"] = {"Bukharic"}, ["bhi"] = {"Bhilali"}, ["bhj"] = {"Bahing"}, ["bhl"] = {"Bimin"}, ["bhm"] = {"Bathari"}, ["bhn"] = {"Bohtan Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bho"] = {"Bhojpuri"}, ["bhp"] = {"Bima"}, ["bhq"] = {"Tukang Besi South"}, ["bhr"] = {"Bara Malagasy"}, ["bhs"] = {"Buwal"}, ["bht"] = {"Bhattiyali"}, ["bhu"] = {"Bhunjia"}, ["bhv"] = {"Bahau"}, ["bhw"] = {"Biak"}, ["bhx"] = {"Bhalay"}, ["bhy"] = {"Bhele"}, ["bhz"] = {"Bada (Indonesia)"}, ["bia"] = {"Badimaya"}, ["bib"] = {"Bissa", "Bisa"}, ["bid"] = {"Bidiyo"}, ["bie"] = {"Bepour"}, ["bif"] = {"Biafada"}, ["big"] = {"Biangai"}, ["bik"] = {"Bikol"}, ["bil"] = {"Bile"}, ["bim"] = {"Bimoba"}, ["bin"] = {"Bini", "Edo"}, ["bio"] = {"Nai"}, ["bip"] = {"Bila"}, ["biq"] = {"Bipi"}, ["bir"] = {"Bisorio"}, ["bit"] = {"Berinomo"}, ["biu"] = {"Biete"}, ["biv"] = {"Southern Birifor"}, ["biw"] = {"Kol (Cameroon)"}, ["bix"] = {"Bijori"}, ["biy"] = {"Birhor"}, ["biz"] = {"Baloi"}, ["bja"] = {"Budza"}, ["bjb"] = {"Banggarla"}, ["bjc"] = {"Bariji"}, ["bje"] = {"Biao-Jiao Mien"}, ["bjf"] = {"Barzani Jewish Neo-Aramaic"}, ["bjg"] = {"Bidyogo"}, ["bjh"] = {"Bahinemo"}, ["bji"] = {"Burji"}, ["bjj"] = {"Kanauji"}, ["bjk"] = {"Barok"}, ["bjl"] = {"Bulu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bjm"] = {"Bajelani"}, ["bjn"] = {"Banjar"}, ["bjo"] = {"Mid-Southern Banda"}, ["bjp"] = {"Fanamaket"}, ["bjr"] = {"Binumarien"}, ["bjs"] = {"Bajan"}, ["bjt"] = {"Balanta-Ganja"}, ["bju"] = {"Busuu"}, ["bjv"] = {"Bedjond"}, ["bjw"] = {"Bakwé"}, ["bjx"] = {"Banao Itneg"}, ["bjy"] = {"Bayali"}, ["bjz"] = {"Baruga"}, ["bka"] = {"Kyak"}, ["bkc"] = {"Baka (Cameroon)"}, ["bkd"] = {"Binukid", "Talaandig"}, ["bkf"] = {"Beeke"}, ["bkg"] = {"Buraka"}, ["bkh"] = {"Bakoko"}, ["bki"] = {"Baki"}, ["bkj"] = {"Pande"}, ["bkk"] = {"Brokskat"}, ["bkl"] = {"Berik"}, ["bkm"] = {"Kom (Cameroon)"}, ["bkn"] = {"Bukitan"}, ["bko"] = {"Kwa'"}, ["bkp"] = {"Boko (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bkq"] = {"Bakairí"}, ["bkr"] = {"Bakumpai"}, ["bks"] = {"Northern Sorsoganon"}, ["bkt"] = {"Boloki"}, ["bku"] = {"Buhid"}, ["bkv"] = {"Bekwarra"}, ["bkw"] = {"Bekwel"}, ["bkx"] = {"Baikeno"}, ["bky"] = {"Bokyi"}, ["bkz"] = {"Bungku"}, ["bla"] = {"Siksika"}, ["blb"] = {"Bilua"}, ["blc"] = {"Bella Coola"}, ["bld"] = {"Bolango"}, ["ble"] = {"Balanta-Kentohe"}, ["blf"] = {"Buol"}, ["blh"] = {"Kuwaa"}, ["bli"] = {"Bolia"}, ["blj"] = {"Bolongan"}, ["blk"] = {"Pa'o Karen", "Pa'O"}, ["bll"] = {"Biloxi"}, ["blm"] = {"Beli (South Sudan)"}, ["bln"] = {"Southern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["blo"] = {"Anii"}, ["blp"] = {"Blablanga"}, ["blq"] = {"Baluan-Pam"}, ["blr"] = {"Blang"}, ["bls"] = {"Balaesang"}, ["blt"] = {"Tai Dam"}, ["blv"] = {"Kibala", "Bolo"}, ["blw"] = {"Balangao"}, ["blx"] = {"Mag-Indi Ayta"}, ["bly"] = {"Notre"}, ["blz"] = {"Balantak"}, ["bma"] = {"Lame"}, ["bmb"] = {"Bembe"}, ["bmc"] = {"Biem"}, ["bmd"] = {"Baga Manduri"}, ["bme"] = {"Limassa"}, ["bmf"] = {"Bom-Kim"}, ["bmg"] = {"Bamwe"}, ["bmh"] = {"Kein"}, ["bmi"] = {"Bagirmi"}, ["bmj"] = {"Bote-Majhi"}, ["bmk"] = {"Ghayavi"}, ["bml"] = {"Bomboli"}, ["bmm"] = {"Northern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bmn"] = {"Bina (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bmo"] = {"Bambalang"}, ["bmp"] = {"Bulgebi"}, ["bmq"] = {"Bomu"}, ["bmr"] = {"Muinane"}, ["bms"] = {"Bilma Kanuri"}, ["bmt"] = {"Biao Mon"}, ["bmu"] = {"Somba-Siawari"}, ["bmv"] = {"Bum"}, ["bmw"] = {"Bomwali"}, ["bmx"] = {"Baimak"}, ["bmz"] = {"Baramu"}, ["bna"] = {"Bonerate"}, ["bnb"] = {"Bookan"}, ["bnc"] = {"Bontok"}, ["bnd"] = {"Banda (Indonesia)"}, ["bne"] = {"Bintauna"}, ["bnf"] = {"Masiwang"}, ["bng"] = {"Benga"}, ["bni"] = {"Bangi"}, ["bnj"] = {"Eastern Tawbuid"}, ["bnk"] = {"Bierebo"}, ["bnl"] = {"Boon"}, ["bnm"] = {"Batanga"}, ["bnn"] = {"Bunun"}, ["bno"] = {"Bantoanon"}, ["bnp"] = {"Bola"}, ["bnq"] = {"Bantik"}, ["bnr"] = {"Butmas-Tur"}, ["bns"] = {"Bundeli"}, ["bnt"] = {"Bantu languages"}, ["bnu"] = {"Bentong"}, ["bnv"] = {"Bonerif", "Beneraf", "Edwas"}, ["bnw"] = {"Bisis"}, ["bnx"] = {"Bangubangu"}, ["bny"] = {"Bintulu"}, ["bnz"] = {"Beezen"}, ["boa"] = {"Bora"}, ["bob"] = {"Aweer"}, ["boe"] = {"Mundabli"}, ["bof"] = {"Bolon"}, ["bog"] = {"Bamako Sign Language"}, ["boh"] = {"Boma"}, ["boi"] = {"Barbareño"}, ["boj"] = {"Anjam"}, ["bok"] = {"Bonjo"}, ["bol"] = {"Bole"}, ["bom"] = {"Berom"}, ["bon"] = {"Bine"}, ["boo"] = {"Tiemacèwè Bozo"}, ["bop"] = {"Bonkiman"}, ["boq"] = {"Bogaya"}, ["bor"] = {"Borôro"}, ["bot"] = {"Bongo"}, ["bou"] = {"Bondei"}, ["bov"] = {"Tuwuli"}, ["bow"] = {"Rema"}, ["box"] = {"Buamu"}, ["boy"] = {"Bodo (Central African Republic)"}, ["boz"] = {"Tiéyaxo Bozo"}, ["bpa"] = {"Daakaka"}, ["bpd"] = {"Banda-Banda"}, ["bpe"] = {"Bauni"}, ["bpg"] = {"Bonggo"}, ["bph"] = {"Botlikh"}, ["bpi"] = {"Bagupi"}, ["bpj"] = {"Binji"}, ["bpk"] = {"Orowe", "'Ôrôê"}, ["bpl"] = {"Broome Pearling Lugger Pidgin"}, ["bpm"] = {"Biyom"}, ["bpn"] = {"Dzao Min"}, ["bpo"] = {"Anasi"}, ["bpp"] = {"Kaure"}, ["bpq"] = {"Banda Malay"}, ["bpr"] = {"Koronadal Blaan"}, ["bps"] = {"Sarangani Blaan"}, ["bpt"] = {"Barrow Point"}, ["bpu"] = {"Bongu"}, ["bpv"] = {"Bian Marind"}, ["bpw"] = {"Bo (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["bpx"] = {"Palya Bareli"}, ["bpy"] = {"Bishnupriya"}, ["bpz"] = {"Bilba"}, ["bqa"] = {"Tchumbuli"}, ["bqb"] = {"Bagusa"}, ["bqc"] = {"Boko (Benin)", "Boo"}, ["bqd"] = {"Bung"}, ["bqf"] = {"Baga Kaloum"}, ["bqg"] = {"Bago-Kusuntu"}, ["bqh"] = {"Baima"}, ["bqi"] = {"Bakhtiari"}, ["bqj"] = {"Bandial"}, ["bqk"] = {"Banda-Mbrès"}, ["bql"] = {"Bilakura"}, ["bqm"] = {"Wumboko"}, ["bqn"] = {"Bulgarian Sign Language"}, ["bqo"] = {"Balo"}, ["bqp"] = {"Busa"}, ["bqq"] = {"Biritai"}, ["bqr"] = {"Burusu"}, ["bqs"] = {"Bosngun"}, ["bqt"] = {"Bamukumbit"}, ["bqu"] = {"Boguru"}, ["bqv"] = {"Koro Wachi", "Begbere-Ejar"}, ["bqw"] = {"Buru (Nigeria)"}, ["bqx"] = {"Baangi"}, ["bqy"] = {"Bengkala Sign Language"}, ["bqz"] = {"Bakaka"}, ["bra"] = {"Braj"}, ["brb"] = {"Lave"}, ["brc"] = {"Berbice Creole Dutch"}, ["brd"] = {"Baraamu"}, ["brf"] = {"Bira"}, ["brg"] = {"Baure"}, ["brh"] = {"Brahui"}, ["bri"] = {"Mokpwe"}, ["brj"] = {"Bieria"}, ["brk"] = {"Birked"}, ["brl"] = {"Birwa"}, ["brm"] = {"Barambu"}, ["brn"] = {"Boruca"}, ["bro"] = {"Brokkat"}, ["brp"] = {"Barapasi"}, ["brq"] = {"Breri"}, ["brr"] = {"Birao"}, ["brs"] = {"Baras"}, ["brt"] = {"Bitare"}, ["bru"] = {"Eastern Bru"}, ["brv"] = {"Western Bru"}, ["brw"] = {"Bellari"}, ["brx"] = {"Bodo (India)"}, ["bry"] = {"Burui"}, ["brz"] = {"Bilbil"}, ["bsa"] = {"Abinomn"}, ["bsb"] = {"Brunei Bisaya"}, ["bsc"] = {"Bassari", "Oniyan"}, ["bse"] = {"Wushi"}, ["bsf"] = {"Bauchi"}, ["bsg"] = {"Bashkardi"}, ["bsh"] = {"Kati"}, ["bsi"] = {"Bassossi"}, ["bsj"] = {"Bangwinji"}, ["bsk"] = {"Burushaski"}, ["bsl"] = {"Basa-Gumna"}, ["bsm"] = {"Busami"}, ["bsn"] = {"Barasana-Eduria"}, ["bso"] = {"Buso"}, ["bsp"] = {"Baga Sitemu"}, ["bsq"] = {"Bassa"}, ["bsr"] = {"Bassa-Kontagora"}, ["bss"] = {"Akoose"}, ["bst"] = {"Basketo"}, ["bsu"] = {"Bahonsuai"}, ["bsv"] = {"Baga Sobané"}, ["bsw"] = {"Baiso"}, ["bsx"] = {"Yangkam"}, ["bsy"] = {"Sabah Bisaya"}, ["bta"] = {"Bata"}, ["btc"] = {"Bati (Cameroon)"}, ["btd"] = {"Batak Dairi"}, ["bte"] = {"Gamo-Ningi"}, ["btf"] = {"Birgit"}, ["btg"] = {"Gagnoa Bété"}, ["bth"] = {"Biatah Bidayuh"}, ["bti"] = {"Burate"}, ["btj"] = {"Bacanese Malay"}, ["btk"] = {"Batak languages"}, ["btm"] = {"Batak Mandailing"}, ["btn"] = {"Ratagnon"}, ["bto"] = {"Rinconada Bikol"}, ["btp"] = {"Budibud"}, ["btq"] = {"Batek"}, ["btr"] = {"Baetora"}, ["bts"] = {"Batak Simalungun"}, ["btt"] = {"Bete-Bendi"}, ["btu"] = {"Batu"}, ["btv"] = {"Bateri"}, ["btw"] = {"Butuanon"}, ["btx"] = {"Batak Karo"}, ["bty"] = {"Bobot"}, ["btz"] = {"Batak Alas-Kluet"}, ["bua"] = {"Buriat"}, ["bub"] = {"Bua"}, ["buc"] = {"Bushi"}, ["bud"] = {"Ntcham"}, ["bue"] = {"Beothuk"}, ["buf"] = {"Bushoong"}, ["bug"] = {"Buginese"}, ["buh"] = {"Younuo Bunu"}, ["bui"] = {"Bongili"}, ["buj"] = {"Basa-Gurmana"}, ["buk"] = {"Bugawac"}, ["bum"] = {"Bulu (Cameroon)"}, ["bun"] = {"Sherbro"}, ["buo"] = {"Terei"}, ["bup"] = {"Busoa"}, ["buq"] = {"Brem"}, ["bus"] = {"Bokobaru"}, ["but"] = {"Bungain"}, ["buu"] = {"Budu"}, ["buv"] = {"Bun"}, ["buw"] = {"Bubi"}, ["bux"] = {"Boghom"}, ["buy"] = {"Bullom So"}, ["buz"] = {"Bukwen"}, ["bva"] = {"Barein"}, ["bvb"] = {"Bube"}, ["bvc"] = {"Baelelea"}, ["bvd"] = {"Baeggu"}, ["bve"] = {"Berau Malay"}, ["bvf"] = {"Boor"}, ["bvg"] = {"Bonkeng"}, ["bvh"] = {"Bure"}, ["bvi"] = {"Belanda Viri"}, ["bvj"] = {"Baan"}, ["bvk"] = {"Bukat"}, ["bvl"] = {"Bolivian Sign Language"}, ["bvm"] = {"Bamunka"}, ["bvn"] = {"Buna"}, ["bvo"] = {"Bolgo"}, ["bvp"] = {"Bumang"}, ["bvq"] = {"Birri"}, ["bvr"] = {"Burarra"}, ["bvt"] = {"Bati (Indonesia)"}, ["bvu"] = {"Bukit Malay"}, ["bvv"] = {"Baniva"}, ["bvw"] = {"Boga"}, ["bvx"] = {"Dibole"}, ["bvy"] = {"Baybayanon"}, ["bvz"] = {"Bauzi"}, ["bwa"] = {"Bwatoo"}, ["bwb"] = {"Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua"}, ["bwc"] = {"Bwile"}, ["bwd"] = {"Bwaidoka"}, ["bwe"] = {"Bwe Karen"}, ["bwf"] = {"Boselewa"}, ["bwg"] = {"Barwe"}, ["bwh"] = {"Bishuo"}, ["bwi"] = {"Baniwa"}, ["bwj"] = {"Láá Láá Bwamu"}, ["bwk"] = {"Bauwaki"}, ["bwl"] = {"Bwela"}, ["bwm"] = {"Biwat"}, ["bwn"] = {"Wunai Bunu"}, ["bwo"] = {"Boro (Ethiopia)", "Borna (Ethiopia)"}, ["bwp"] = {"Mandobo Bawah"}, ["bwq"] = {"Southern Bobo Madaré"}, ["bwr"] = {"Bura-Pabir"}, ["bws"] = {"Bomboma"}, ["bwt"] = {"Bafaw-Balong"}, ["bwu"] = {"Buli (Ghana)"}, ["bww"] = {"Bwa"}, ["bwx"] = {"Bu-Nao Bunu"}, ["bwy"] = {"Cwi Bwamu"}, ["bwz"] = {"Bwisi"}, ["bxa"] = {"Tairaha"}, ["bxb"] = {"Belanda Bor"}, ["bxc"] = {"Molengue"}, ["bxd"] = {"Pela"}, ["bxe"] = {"Birale"}, ["bxf"] = {"Bilur", "Minigir"}, ["bxg"] = {"Bangala"}, ["bxh"] = {"Buhutu"}, ["bxi"] = {"Pirlatapa"}, ["bxj"] = {"Bayungu"}, ["bxk"] = {"Bukusu", "Lubukusu"}, ["bxl"] = {"Jalkunan"}, ["bxm"] = {"Mongolia Buriat"}, ["bxn"] = {"Burduna"}, ["bxo"] = {"Barikanchi"}, ["bxp"] = {"Bebil"}, ["bxq"] = {"Beele"}, ["bxr"] = {"Орос Буриад"}, ["bxs"] = {"Busam"}, ["bxu"] = {"China Buriat"}, ["bxv"] = {"Berakou"}, ["bxw"] = {"Bankagooma"}, ["bxz"] = {"Binahari"}, ["bya"] = {"Batak"}, ["byb"] = {"Bikya"}, ["byc"] = {"Ubaghara"}, ["byd"] = {"Benyadu'"}, ["bye"] = {"Pouye"}, ["byf"] = {"Bete"}, ["byg"] = {"Baygo"}, ["byh"] = {"Bhujel"}, ["byi"] = {"Buyu"}, ["byj"] = {"Bina (Nigeria)"}, ["byk"] = {"Biao"}, ["byl"] = {"Bayono"}, ["bym"] = {"Bidjara"}, ["byn"] = {"Bilin", "Blin"}, ["byo"] = {"Biyo"}, ["byp"] = {"Bumaji"}, ["byq"] = {"Basay"}, ["byr"] = {"Baruya", "Yipma"}, ["bys"] = {"Burak"}, ["byt"] = {"Berti"}, ["byv"] = {"Medumba"}, ["byw"] = {"Belhariya"}, ["byx"] = {"Qaqet"}, ["byz"] = {"Banaro"}, ["bza"] = {"Bandi"}, ["bzb"] = {"Andio"}, ["bzc"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bzd"] = {"Bribri"}, ["bze"] = {"Jenaama Bozo"}, ["bzf"] = {"Boikin"}, ["bzg"] = {"Babuza"}, ["bzh"] = {"Mapos Buang"}, ["bzi"] = {"Bisu"}, ["bzj"] = {"Belize Kriol English"}, ["bzk"] = {"Nicaragua Creole English"}, ["bzl"] = {"Boano (Sulawesi)"}, ["bzm"] = {"Bolondo"}, ["bzn"] = {"Boano (Maluku)"}, ["bzo"] = {"Bozaba"}, ["bzp"] = {"Kemberano"}, ["bzq"] = {"Buli (Indonesia)"}, ["bzr"] = {"Biri"}, ["bzs"] = {"Brazilian Sign Language"}, ["bzt"] = {"Brithenig"}, ["bzu"] = {"Burmeso"}, ["bzv"] = {"Naami"}, ["bzw"] = {"Basa (Nigeria)"}, ["bzx"] = {"Kɛlɛngaxo Bozo"}, ["bzy"] = {"Obanliku"}, ["bzz"] = {"Evant"}, ["caa"] = {"Chortí"}, ["cab"] = {"Garifuna"}, ["cac"] = {"Chuj"}, ["cad"] = {"Caddo"}, ["cae"] = {"Lehar", "Laalaa"}, ["caf"] = {"Southern Carrier"}, ["cag"] = {"Nivaclé"}, ["cah"] = {"Cahuarano"}, ["cai"] = {"Central American Indian languages"}, ["caj"] = {"Chané"}, ["cak"] = {"Kaqchikel", "Cakchiquel"}, ["cal"] = {"Carolinian"}, ["cam"] = {"Cemuhî"}, ["can"] = {"Chambri"}, ["cao"] = {"Chácobo"}, ["cap"] = {"Chipaya"}, ["caq"] = {"Car Nicobarese"}, ["car"] = {"Galibi Carib"}, ["cas"] = {"Tsimané"}, ["cau"] = {"Caucasian languages"}, ["cav"] = {"Cavineña"}, ["caw"] = {"Callawalla"}, ["cax"] = {"Chiquitano"}, ["cay"] = {"Cayuga"}, ["caz"] = {"Canichana"}, ["cba"] = {"Chibchan languages"}, ["cbb"] = {"Cabiyarí"}, ["cbc"] = {"Carapana"}, ["cbd"] = {"Carijona"}, ["cbg"] = {"Chimila"}, ["cbi"] = {"Chachi"}, ["cbj"] = {"Ede Cabe"}, ["cbk"] = {"Chavacano"}, ["cbl"] = {"Bualkhaw Chin"}, ["cbn"] = {"Nyahkur"}, ["cbo"] = {"Izora"}, ["cbq"] = {"Tsucuba", "Cuba"}, ["cbr"] = {"Cashibo-Cacataibo"}, ["cbs"] = {"Cashinahua"}, ["cbt"] = {"Chayahuita"}, ["cbu"] = {"Candoshi-Shapra"}, ["cbv"] = {"Cacua"}, ["cbw"] = {"Kinabalian"}, ["cby"] = {"Carabayo"}, ["ccc"] = {"Chamicuro"}, ["ccd"] = {"Cafundo Creole"}, ["cce"] = {"Chopi"}, ["ccg"] = {"Samba Daka"}, ["cch"] = {"Atsam"}, ["ccj"] = {"Kasanga"}, ["ccl"] = {"Cutchi-Swahili"}, ["ccm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Malay"}, ["ccn"] = {"North Caucasian languages"}, ["cco"] = {"Comaltepec Chinantec"}, ["ccp"] = {"Chakma"}, ["ccr"] = {"Cacaopera"}, ["ccs"] = {"South Caucasian languages"}, ["cda"] = {"Choni"}, ["cdc"] = {"Chadic languages"}, ["cdd"] = {"Caddoan languages"}, ["cde"] = {"Chenchu"}, ["cdf"] = {"Chiru"}, ["cdh"] = {"Chambeali"}, ["cdi"] = {"Chodri"}, ["cdj"] = {"Churahi"}, ["cdm"] = {"Chepang"}, ["cdn"] = {"Chaudangsi"}, ["cdo"] = {"Min Dong Chinese"}, ["cdr"] = {"Cinda-Regi-Tiyal"}, ["cds"] = {"Chadian Sign Language"}, ["cdy"] = {"Chadong"}, ["cdz"] = {"Koda"}, ["cea"] = {"Lower Chehalis"}, ["ceb"] = {"Cebuano"}, ["ceg"] = {"Chamacoco"}, ["cek"] = {"Eastern Khumi Chin"}, ["cel"] = {"Celtic languages"}, ["cen"] = {"Cen"}, ["cet"] = {"Centúúm"}, ["cey"] = {"Ekai Chin"}, ["cfa"] = {"Dijim-Bwilim"}, ["cfd"] = {"Cara"}, ["cfg"] = {"Como Karim"}, ["cfm"] = {"Falam Chin"}, ["cga"] = {"Changriwa"}, ["cgc"] = {"Kagayanen"}, ["cgg"] = {"Chiga"}, ["cgk"] = {"Chocangacakha"}, ["chb"] = {"Chibcha"}, ["chc"] = {"Catawba"}, ["chd"] = {"Highland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["chf"] = {"Tabasco Chontal"}, ["chg"] = {"Цагадайн"}, ["chh"] = {"Chinook"}, ["chj"] = {"Ojitlán Chinantec"}, ["chk"] = {"Chuukese"}, ["chl"] = {"Cahuilla"}, ["chm"] = {"Mari (Russia)"}, ["chn"] = {"Chinook jargon"}, ["cho"] = {"Choctaw"}, ["chp"] = {"Chipewyan", "Dene Suline"}, ["chq"] = {"Quiotepec Chinantec"}, ["chr"] = {"Cherokee"}, ["cht"] = {"Cholón"}, ["chw"] = {"Chuwabu"}, ["chx"] = {"Chantyal"}, ["chy"] = {"Cheyenne"}, ["chz"] = {"Ozumacín Chinantec"}, ["cia"] = {"Cia-Cia"}, ["cib"] = {"Ci Gbe"}, ["cic"] = {"Chickasaw"}, ["cid"] = {"Chimariko"}, ["cie"] = {"Cineni"}, ["cih"] = {"Chinali"}, ["cik"] = {"Chitkuli Kinnauri"}, ["cim"] = {"Cimbrian"}, ["cin"] = {"Cinta Larga"}, ["cip"] = {"Chiapanec"}, ["cir"] = {"Tiri", "Haméa", "Méa"}, ["ciw"] = {"Chippewa"}, ["ciy"] = {"Chaima"}, ["cja"] = {"Western Cham"}, ["cje"] = {"Chru"}, ["cjh"] = {"Upper Chehalis"}, ["cji"] = {"Chamalal"}, ["cjk"] = {"Chokwe"}, ["cjm"] = {"Eastern Cham"}, ["cjn"] = {"Chenapian"}, ["cjo"] = {"Ashéninka Pajonal"}, ["cjp"] = {"Cabécar"}, ["cjs"] = {"Shor"}, ["cjv"] = {"Chuave"}, ["cjy"] = {"Jinyu Chinese"}, ["ckb"] = {"Central Kurdish"}, ["ckh"] = {"Chak"}, ["ckl"] = {"Cibak"}, ["ckm"] = {"Chakavian"}, ["ckn"] = {"Kaang Chin"}, ["cko"] = {"Anufo"}, ["ckq"] = {"Kajakse"}, ["ckr"] = {"Kairak"}, ["cks"] = {"Tayo"}, ["ckt"] = {"Чукот"}, ["cku"] = {"Koasati"}, ["ckv"] = {"Kavalan"}, ["ckx"] = {"Caka"}, ["cky"] = {"Cakfem-Mushere"}, ["ckz"] = {"Cakchiquel-Quiché Mixed Language"}, ["cla"] = {"Ron"}, ["clc"] = {"Chilcotin"}, ["cld"] = {"Chaldean Neo-Aramaic"}, ["cle"] = {"Lealao Chinantec"}, ["clh"] = {"Chilisso"}, ["cli"] = {"Chakali"}, ["clj"] = {"Laitu Chin"}, ["clk"] = {"Idu-Mishmi"}, ["cll"] = {"Chala"}, ["clm"] = {"Clallam"}, ["clo"] = {"Lowland Oaxaca Chontal"}, ["clt"] = {"Lautu Chin"}, ["clu"] = {"Caluyanun"}, ["clw"] = {"Chulym"}, ["cly"] = {"Eastern Highland Chatino"}, ["cma"] = {"Maa"}, ["cmc"] = {"Chamic languages"}, ["cme"] = {"Cerma"}, ["cmg"] = {"Classical Mongolian"}, ["cmi"] = {"Emberá-Chamí"}, ["cml"] = {"Campalagian"}, ["cmm"] = {"Michigamea"}, ["cmn"] = {"Умард Хятад"}, ["cmo"] = {"Central Mnong"}, ["cmr"] = {"Mro-Khimi Chin"}, ["cms"] = {"Messapic"}, ["cmt"] = {"Camtho"}, ["cna"] = {"Changthang"}, ["cnb"] = {"Chinbon Chin"}, ["cnc"] = {"Côông"}, ["cng"] = {"Northern Qiang"}, ["cnh"] = {"Hakha Chin", "Haka Chin"}, ["cni"] = {"Asháninka"}, ["cnk"] = {"Khumi Chin"}, ["cnl"] = {"Lalana Chinantec"}, ["cno"] = {"Con"}, ["cnp"] = {"Northern Ping Chinese", "Northern Pinghua"}, ["cnr"] = {"Монтенегро"}, ["cns"] = {"Central Asmat"}, ["cnt"] = {"Tepetotutla Chinantec"}, ["cnu"] = {"Chenoua"}, ["cnw"] = {"Ngawn Chin"}, ["cnx"] = {"Middle Cornish"}, ["coa"] = {"Кокос Арлуудын Малай"}, ["cob"] = {"Chicomuceltec"}, ["coc"] = {"Cocopa"}, ["cod"] = {"Cocama-Cocamilla"}, ["coe"] = {"Koreguaje"}, ["cof"] = {"Colorado"}, ["cog"] = {"Chong"}, ["coh"] = {"Chonyi-Dzihana-Kauma", "Chichonyi-Chidzihana-Chikauma"}, ["coj"] = {"Cochimi"}, ["cok"] = {"Santa Teresa Cora"}, ["col"] = {"Columbia-Wenatchi"}, ["com"] = {"Comanche"}, ["con"] = {"Cofán"}, ["coo"] = {"Comox"}, ["cop"] = {"Coptic"}, ["coq"] = {"Coquille"}, ["cot"] = {"Caquinte"}, ["cou"] = {"Wamey"}, ["cov"] = {"Cao Miao"}, ["cow"] = {"Cowlitz"}, ["cox"] = {"Nanti"}, ["coz"] = {"Chochotec"}, ["cpa"] = {"Palantla Chinantec"}, ["cpb"] = {"Ucayali-Yurúa Ashéninka"}, ["cpc"] = {"Ajyíninka Apurucayali"}, ["cpe"] = {"English-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpf"] = {"French-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cpg"] = {"Cappadocian Greek"}, ["cpi"] = {"Chinese Pidgin English"}, ["cpn"] = {"Cherepon"}, ["cpo"] = {"Kpeego"}, ["cpp"] = {"Portuguese-based creoles and pidgins"}, ["cps"] = {"Capiznon"}, ["cpu"] = {"Pichis Ashéninka"}, ["cpx"] = {"Pu-Xian Chinese"}, ["cpy"] = {"South Ucayali Ashéninka"}, ["cqd"] = {"Chuanqiandian Cluster Miao"}, ["cra"] = {"Chara"}, ["crb"] = {"Island Carib"}, ["crc"] = {"Lonwolwol"}, ["crd"] = {"Coeur d'Alene"}, ["crf"] = {"Caramanta"}, ["crg"] = {"Michif"}, ["crh"] = {"Крымын татар"}, ["cri"] = {"Sãotomense"}, ["crj"] = {"Southern East Cree"}, ["crk"] = {"Plains Cree"}, ["crl"] = {"Northern East Cree"}, ["crm"] = {"Moose Cree"}, ["crn"] = {"El Nayar Cora"}, ["cro"] = {"Crow"}, ["crp"] = {"Creoles and pidgins"}, ["crq"] = {"Iyo'wujwa Chorote"}, ["crr"] = {"Carolina Algonquian"}, ["crs"] = {"Seselwa Creole French"}, ["crt"] = {"Iyojwa'ja Chorote"}, ["crv"] = {"Chaura"}, ["crw"] = {"Chrau"}, ["crx"] = {"Carrier"}, ["cry"] = {"Cori"}, ["crz"] = {"Cruzeño"}, ["csa"] = {"Chiltepec Chinantec"}, ["csb"] = {"Kashubian"}, ["csc"] = {"Catalan Sign Language", "Lengua de señas catalana", "Llengua de Signes Catalana"}, ["csd"] = {"Chiangmai Sign Language"}, ["cse"] = {"Czech Sign Language"}, ["csf"] = {"Cuba Sign Language"}, ["csg"] = {"Chilean Sign Language"}, ["csh"] = {"Asho Chin"}, ["csi"] = {"Coast Miwok"}, ["csj"] = {"Songlai Chin"}, ["csk"] = {"Jola-Kasa"}, ["csl"] = {"Chinese Sign Language"}, ["csm"] = {"Central Sierra Miwok"}, ["csn"] = {"Colombian Sign Language"}, ["cso"] = {"Sochiapam Chinantec", "Sochiapan Chinantec"}, ["csp"] = {"Southern Ping Chinese", "Southern Pinghua"}, ["csq"] = {"Croatia Sign Language"}, ["csr"] = {"Costa Rican Sign Language"}, ["css"] = {"Southern Ohlone"}, ["cst"] = {"Northern Ohlone"}, ["csu"] = {"Central Sudanic languages"}, ["csv"] = {"Sumtu Chin"}, ["csw"] = {"Swampy Cree"}, ["csx"] = {"Cambodian Sign Language"}, ["csy"] = {"Siyin Chin"}, ["csz"] = {"Coos"}, ["cta"] = {"Tataltepec Chatino"}, ["ctc"] = {"Chetco"}, ["ctd"] = {"Tedim Chin"}, ["cte"] = {"Tepinapa Chinantec"}, ["ctg"] = {"Chittagonian"}, ["cth"] = {"Thaiphum Chin"}, ["ctl"] = {"Tlacoatzintepec Chinantec"}, ["ctm"] = {"Chitimacha"}, ["ctn"] = {"Chhintange"}, ["cto"] = {"Emberá-Catío"}, ["ctp"] = {"Western Highland Chatino"}, ["cts"] = {"Northern Catanduanes Bikol"}, ["ctt"] = {"Wayanad Chetti"}, ["ctu"] = {"Chol"}, ["cty"] = {"Moundadan Chetty"}, ["ctz"] = {"Zacatepec Chatino"}, ["cua"] = {"Cua"}, ["cub"] = {"Cubeo"}, ["cuc"] = {"Usila Chinantec"}, ["cug"] = {"Chungmboko", "Cung"}, ["cuh"] = {"Chuka", "Gichuka"}, ["cui"] = {"Cuiba"}, ["cuj"] = {"Mashco Piro"}, ["cuk"] = {"San Blas Kuna"}, ["cul"] = {"Culina", "Kulina"}, ["cuo"] = {"Cumanagoto"}, ["cup"] = {"Cupeño"}, ["cuq"] = {"Cun"}, ["cur"] = {"Chhulung"}, ["cus"] = {"Cushitic languages"}, ["cut"] = {"Teutila Cuicatec"}, ["cuu"] = {"Tai Ya"}, ["cuv"] = {"Cuvok"}, ["cuw"] = {"Chukwa"}, ["cux"] = {"Tepeuxila Cuicatec"}, ["cuy"] = {"Cuitlatec"}, ["cvg"] = {"Chug"}, ["cvn"] = {"Valle Nacional Chinantec"}, ["cwa"] = {"Kabwa"}, ["cwb"] = {"Maindo"}, ["cwd"] = {"Woods Cree"}, ["cwe"] = {"Kwere"}, ["cwg"] = {"Chewong", "Cheq Wong"}, ["cwt"] = {"Kuwaataay"}, ["cya"] = {"Nopala Chatino"}, ["cyb"] = {"Cayubaba"}, ["cyo"] = {"Cuyonon"}, ["czh"] = {"Huizhou Chinese"}, ["czk"] = {"Knaanic"}, ["czn"] = {"Zenzontepec Chatino"}, ["czo"] = {"Min Zhong Chinese"}, ["czt"] = {"Zotung Chin"}, ["daa"] = {"Dangaléat"}, ["dac"] = {"Dambi"}, ["dad"] = {"Marik"}, ["dae"] = {"Duupa"}, ["dag"] = {"Dagbani"}, ["dah"] = {"Gwahatike"}, ["dai"] = {"Day"}, ["daj"] = {"Dar Fur Daju"}, ["dak"] = {"Дакота"}, ["dal"] = {"Dahalo"}, ["dam"] = {"Damakawa"}, ["dao"] = {"Daai Chin"}, ["daq"] = {"Dandami Maria"}, ["dar"] = {"Дарган"}, ["das"] = {"Daho-Doo"}, ["dau"] = {"Dar Sila Daju"}, ["dav"] = {"Taita", "Dawida"}, ["daw"] = {"Davawenyo"}, ["dax"] = {"Dayi"}, ["day"] = {"Land Dayak languages"}, ["daz"] = {"Dao"}, ["dba"] = {"Bangime"}, ["dbb"] = {"Deno"}, ["dbd"] = {"Dadiya"}, ["dbe"] = {"Dabe"}, ["dbf"] = {"Edopi"}, ["dbg"] = {"Dogul Dom Dogon"}, ["dbi"] = {"Doka"}, ["dbj"] = {"Ida'an"}, ["dbl"] = {"Dyirbal"}, ["dbm"] = {"Duguri"}, ["dbn"] = {"Duriankere"}, ["dbo"] = {"Dulbu"}, ["dbp"] = {"Duwai"}, ["dbq"] = {"Daba"}, ["dbr"] = {"Dabarre"}, ["dbt"] = {"Ben Tey Dogon"}, ["dbu"] = {"Bondum Dom Dogon"}, ["dbv"] = {"Dungu"}, ["dbw"] = {"Bankan Tey Dogon"}, ["dby"] = {"Dibiyaso"}, ["dcc"] = {"Deccan"}, ["dcr"] = {"Negerhollands"}, ["dda"] = {"Dadi Dadi"}, ["ddd"] = {"Dongotono"}, ["dde"] = {"Doondo"}, ["ddg"] = {"Fataluku"}, ["ddi"] = {"West Goodenough"}, ["ddj"] = {"Jaru"}, ["ddn"] = {"Dendi (Benin)"}, ["ddo"] = {"Dido"}, ["ddr"] = {"Dhudhuroa"}, ["dds"] = {"Donno So Dogon"}, ["ddw"] = {"Dawera-Daweloor"}, ["dec"] = {"Dagik"}, ["ded"] = {"Dedua"}, ["dee"] = {"Dewoin"}, ["def"] = {"Dezfuli"}, ["deg"] = {"Degema"}, ["deh"] = {"Dehwari"}, ["dei"] = {"Demisa"}, ["dek"] = {"Dek"}, ["del"] = {"Delaware"}, ["dem"] = {"Dem"}, ["den"] = {"Слави (Атабаска)"}, ["dep"] = {"Pidgin Delaware"}, ["deq"] = {"Dendi (Central African Republic)"}, ["der"] = {"Deori"}, ["des"] = {"Desano"}, ["dev"] = {"Domung"}, ["dez"] = {"Dengese"}, ["dga"] = {"Southern Dagaare"}, ["dgb"] = {"Bunoge Dogon"}, ["dgc"] = {"Casiguran Dumagat Agta"}, ["dgd"] = {"Dagaari Dioula"}, ["dge"] = {"Degenan"}, ["dgg"] = {"Doga"}, ["dgh"] = {"Dghwede"}, ["dgi"] = {"Northern Dagara"}, ["dgk"] = {"Dagba"}, ["dgl"] = {"Andaandi", "Dongolawi"}, ["dgn"] = {"Dagoman"}, ["dgo"] = {"Dogri (individual language)"}, ["dgr"] = {"Dogrib", "Tłı̨chǫ"}, ["dgs"] = {"Dogoso"}, ["dgt"] = {"Ndra'ngith"}, ["dgw"] = {"Daungwurrung"}, ["dgx"] = {"Doghoro"}, ["dgz"] = {"Daga"}, ["dhd"] = {"Dhundari"}, ["dhg"] = {"Dhangu-Djangu", "Dhangu", "Djangu"}, ["dhi"] = {"Dhimal"}, ["dhl"] = {"Dhalandji"}, ["dhm"] = {"Zemba"}, ["dhn"] = {"Dhanki"}, ["dho"] = {"Dhodia"}, ["dhr"] = {"Dhargari"}, ["dhs"] = {"Dhaiso"}, ["dhu"] = {"Dhurga"}, ["dhv"] = {"Dehu", "Drehu"}, ["dhw"] = {"Dhanwar (Nepal)"}, ["dhx"] = {"Dhungaloo"}, ["dia"] = {"Dia"}, ["dib"] = {"South Central Dinka"}, ["dic"] = {"Lakota Dida"}, ["did"] = {"Didinga"}, ["dif"] = {"Dieri", "Diyari"}, ["dig"] = {"Digo", "Chidigo"}, ["dih"] = {"Kumiai"}, ["dii"] = {"Dimbong"}, ["dij"] = {"Dai"}, ["dik"] = {"Southwestern Dinka"}, ["dil"] = {"Dilling"}, ["dim"] = {"Dime"}, ["din"] = {"Dinka"}, ["dio"] = {"Dibo"}, ["dip"] = {"Northeastern Dinka"}, ["diq"] = {"Dimli (individual language)"}, ["dir"] = {"Dirim"}, ["dis"] = {"Dimasa"}, ["diu"] = {"Diriku"}, ["diw"] = {"Northwestern Dinka"}, ["dix"] = {"Dixon Reef"}, ["diy"] = {"Diuwe"}, ["diz"] = {"Ding"}, ["dja"] = {"Djadjawurrung"}, ["djb"] = {"Djinba"}, ["djc"] = {"Dar Daju Daju"}, ["djd"] = {"Djamindjung", "Ngaliwurru"}, ["dje"] = {"Zarma"}, ["djf"] = {"Djangun"}, ["dji"] = {"Djinang"}, ["djj"] = {"Djeebbana"}, ["djk"] = {"Eastern Maroon Creole", "Businenge Tongo", "Nenge"}, ["djm"] = {"Jamsay Dogon"}, ["djn"] = {"Jawoyn", "Djauan"}, ["djo"] = {"Jangkang"}, ["djr"] = {"Djambarrpuyngu"}, ["dju"] = {"Kapriman"}, ["djw"] = {"Djawi"}, ["dka"] = {"Dakpakha"}, ["dkg"] = {"Kadung"}, ["dkk"] = {"Dakka"}, ["dkr"] = {"Kuijau"}, ["dks"] = {"Southeastern Dinka"}, ["dkx"] = {"Mazagway"}, ["dlg"] = {"Dolgan"}, ["dlk"] = {"Dahalik"}, ["dlm"] = {"Dalmatian"}, ["dln"] = {"Darlong"}, ["dma"] = {"Duma"}, ["dmb"] = {"Mombo Dogon"}, ["dmc"] = {"Gavak"}, ["dmd"] = {"Madhi Madhi"}, ["dme"] = {"Dugwor"}, ["dmf"] = {"Medefaidrin"}, ["dmg"] = {"Upper Kinabatangan"}, ["dmk"] = {"Domaaki"}, ["dml"] = {"Dameli"}, ["dmm"] = {"Dama"}, ["dmn"] = {"Mande languages"}, ["dmo"] = {"Kemedzung"}, ["dmr"] = {"East Damar"}, ["dms"] = {"Dampelas"}, ["dmu"] = {"Dubu", "Tebi"}, ["dmv"] = {"Dumpas"}, ["dmw"] = {"Mudburra"}, ["dmx"] = {"Dema"}, ["dmy"] = {"Demta", "Sowari"}, ["dna"] = {"Upper Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnd"] = {"Daonda"}, ["dne"] = {"Ndendeule"}, ["dng"] = {"Dungan"}, ["dni"] = {"Lower Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnj"] = {"Dan"}, ["dnk"] = {"Dengka"}, ["dnn"] = {"Dzùùngoo"}, ["dno"] = {"Ndrulo", "Northern Lendu"}, ["dnr"] = {"Danaru"}, ["dnt"] = {"Mid Grand Valley Dani"}, ["dnu"] = {"Danau"}, ["dnv"] = {"Danu"}, ["dnw"] = {"Western Dani"}, ["dny"] = {"Dení"}, ["doa"] = {"Dom"}, ["dob"] = {"Dobu"}, ["doc"] = {"Northern Dong"}, ["doe"] = {"Doe"}, ["dof"] = {"Domu"}, ["doh"] = {"Dong"}, ["doi"] = {"Dogri (macrolanguage)"}, ["dok"] = {"Dondo"}, ["dol"] = {"Doso"}, ["don"] = {"Toura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["doo"] = {"Dongo"}, ["dop"] = {"Lukpa"}, ["doq"] = {"Dominican Sign Language"}, ["dor"] = {"Dori'o"}, ["dos"] = {"Dogosé"}, ["dot"] = {"Dass"}, ["dov"] = {"Dombe"}, ["dow"] = {"Doyayo"}, ["dox"] = {"Bussa"}, ["doy"] = {"Dompo"}, ["doz"] = {"Dorze"}, ["dpp"] = {"Papar"}, ["dra"] = {"Dravidian languages"}, ["drb"] = {"Dair"}, ["drc"] = {"Minderico"}, ["drd"] = {"Darmiya"}, ["dre"] = {"Dolpo"}, ["drg"] = {"Rungus"}, ["dri"] = {"C'Lela"}, ["drl"] = {"Paakantyi"}, ["drn"] = {"West Damar"}, ["dro"] = {"Daro-Matu Melanau"}, ["drq"] = {"Dura"}, ["drs"] = {"Gedeo"}, ["drt"] = {"Drents"}, ["dru"] = {"Rukai"}, ["dry"] = {"Darai"}, ["dsb"] = {"Доод Сорб"}, ["dse"] = {"Dutch Sign Language"}, ["dsh"] = {"Daasanach"}, ["dsi"] = {"Disa"}, ["dsl"] = {"Danish Sign Language"}, ["dsn"] = {"Dusner"}, ["dso"] = {"Desiya"}, ["dsq"] = {"Tadaksahak"}, ["dta"] = {"Дагуур"}, ["dtb"] = {"Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan"}, ["dtd"] = {"Ditidaht"}, ["dth"] = {"Adithinngithigh"}, ["dti"] = {"Ana Tinga Dogon"}, ["dtk"] = {"Tene Kan Dogon"}, ["dtm"] = {"Tomo Kan Dogon"}, ["dtn"] = {"Daatsʼíin"}, ["dto"] = {"Tommo So Dogon"}, ["dtp"] = {"Kadazan Dusun", "Central Dusun"}, ["dtr"] = {"Lotud"}, ["dts"] = {"Toro So Dogon"}, ["dtt"] = {"Toro Tegu Dogon"}, ["dtu"] = {"Tebul Ure Dogon"}, ["dty"] = {"Dotyali"}, ["dua"] = {"Duala"}, ["dub"] = {"Dubli"}, ["duc"] = {"Duna"}, ["due"] = {"Umiray Dumaget Agta"}, ["duf"] = {"Dumbea", "Drubea"}, ["dug"] = {"Duruma", "Chiduruma"}, ["duh"] = {"Dungra Bhil"}, ["dui"] = {"Dumun"}, ["duk"] = {"Uyajitaya"}, ["dul"] = {"Alabat Island Agta"}, ["dum"] = {"Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)"}, ["dun"] = {"Dusun Deyah"}, ["duo"] = {"Dupaninan Agta"}, ["dup"] = {"Duano"}, ["duq"] = {"Dusun Malang"}, ["dur"] = {"Dii"}, ["dus"] = {"Dumi"}, ["duu"] = {"Drung"}, ["duv"] = {"Duvle"}, ["duw"] = {"Dusun Witu"}, ["dux"] = {"Duungooma"}, ["duy"] = {"Dicamay Agta"}, ["duz"] = {"Duli-Gey"}, ["dva"] = {"Duau"}, ["dwa"] = {"Diri"}, ["dwk"] = {"Dawik Kui"}, ["dwr"] = {"Dawro"}, ["dws"] = {"Dutton World Speedwords"}, ["dwu"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dww"] = {"Dawawa"}, ["dwy"] = {"Dhuwaya"}, ["dwz"] = {"Dewas Rai"}, ["dya"] = {"Dyan"}, ["dyb"] = {"Dyaberdyaber"}, ["dyd"] = {"Dyugun"}, ["dyg"] = {"Villa Viciosa Agta"}, ["dyi"] = {"Djimini Senoufo"}, ["dym"] = {"Yanda Dom Dogon"}, ["dyn"] = {"Dyangadi", "Dhanggatti"}, ["dyo"] = {"Jola-Fonyi"}, ["dyu"] = {"Дьюла"}, ["dyy"] = {"Djabugay", "Dyaabugay"}, ["dza"] = {"Tunzu"}, ["dze"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dzg"] = {"Dazaga"}, ["dzl"] = {"Dzalakha"}, ["dzn"] = {"Dzando"}, ["eaa"] = {"Karenggapa"}, ["ebc"] = {"Beginci"}, ["ebg"] = {"Ebughu"}, ["ebk"] = {"Eastern Bontok"}, ["ebo"] = {"Teke-Ebo"}, ["ebr"] = {"Ebrié"}, ["ebu"] = {"Embu", "Kiembu"}, ["ecr"] = {"Eteocretan"}, ["ecs"] = {"Ecuadorian Sign Language"}, ["ecy"] = {"Eteocypriot"}, ["eee"] = {"E"}, ["efa"] = {"Efai"}, ["efe"] = {"Efe"}, ["efi"] = {"Efik"}, ["ega"] = {"Ega"}, ["egl"] = {"Эмиль"}, ["ego"] = {"Eggon"}, ["egx"] = {"Egyptian languages"}, ["egy"] = {"Egyptian (Ancient)"}, ["ehs"] = {"Miyakubo Sign Language"}, ["ehu"] = {"Ehueun"}, ["eip"] = {"Eipomek"}, ["eit"] = {"Eitiep"}, ["eiv"] = {"Askopan"}, ["eja"] = {"Ejamat"}, ["eka"] = {"Ekajuk"}, ["eke"] = {"Ekit"}, ["ekg"] = {"Ekari"}, ["eki"] = {"Eki"}, ["ekk"] = {"Standard Estonian"}, ["ekl"] = {"Kol (Bangladesh)", "Kol"}, ["ekm"] = {"Elip"}, ["eko"] = {"Koti"}, ["ekp"] = {"Ekpeye"}, ["ekr"] = {"Yace"}, ["eky"] = {"Eastern Kayah"}, ["ele"] = {"Elepi"}, ["elh"] = {"El Hugeirat"}, ["eli"] = {"Nding"}, ["elk"] = {"Elkei"}, ["elm"] = {"Eleme"}, ["elo"] = {"El Molo"}, ["elu"] = {"Elu"}, ["elx"] = {"Elamite"}, ["ema"] = {"Emai-Iuleha-Ora"}, ["emb"] = {"Embaloh"}, ["eme"] = {"Emerillon"}, ["emg"] = {"Eastern Meohang"}, ["emi"] = {"Mussau-Emira"}, ["emk"] = {"Зүүн Манинкакан"}, ["emm"] = {"Mamulique"}, ["emn"] = {"Eman"}, ["emp"] = {"Northern Emberá"}, ["emq"] = {"Eastern Minyag"}, ["ems"] = {"Pacific Gulf Yupik"}, ["emu"] = {"Eastern Muria"}, ["emw"] = {"Emplawas"}, ["emx"] = {"Erromintxela"}, ["emy"] = {"Epigraphic Mayan"}, ["emz"] = {"Mbessa"}, ["ena"] = {"Apali"}, ["enb"] = {"Markweeta"}, ["enc"] = {"En"}, ["end"] = {"Ende"}, ["enf"] = {"Forest Enets"}, ["enh"] = {"Tundra Enets"}, ["enl"] = {"Enlhet"}, ["enm"] = {"Дунд Англи (1100-1500)"}, ["enn"] = {"Engenni"}, ["eno"] = {"Enggano"}, ["enq"] = {"Enga"}, ["enr"] = {"Emumu", "Emem"}, ["enu"] = {"Enu"}, ["env"] = {"Enwan (Edu State)"}, ["enw"] = {"Enwan (Akwa Ibom State)"}, ["enx"] = {"Enxet"}, ["eot"] = {"Beti (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["epi"] = {"Epie"}, ["era"] = {"Eravallan"}, ["erg"] = {"Sie"}, ["erh"] = {"Eruwa"}, ["eri"] = {"Ogea"}, ["erk"] = {"South Efate"}, ["ero"] = {"Horpa"}, ["err"] = {"Erre"}, ["ers"] = {"Ersu"}, ["ert"] = {"Eritai"}, ["erw"] = {"Erokwanas"}, ["ese"] = {"Ese Ejja"}, ["esg"] = {"Aheri Gondi"}, ["esh"] = {"Eshtehardi"}, ["esi"] = {"North Alaskan Inupiatun"}, ["esk"] = {"Northwest Alaska Inupiatun"}, ["esl"] = {"Egypt Sign Language"}, ["esm"] = {"Esuma"}, ["esn"] = {"Salvadoran Sign Language"}, ["eso"] = {"Estonian Sign Language"}, ["esq"] = {"Esselen"}, ["ess"] = {"Central Siberian Yupik"}, ["esu"] = {"Central Yupik"}, ["esx"] = {"Eskimo-Aleut languages"}, ["esy"] = {"Eskayan"}, ["etb"] = {"Etebi"}, ["etc"] = {"Etchemin"}, ["eth"] = {"Ethiopian Sign Language"}, ["etn"] = {"Eton (Vanuatu)"}, ["eto"] = {"Eton (Cameroon)"}, ["etr"] = {"Edolo"}, ["ets"] = {"Yekhee"}, ["ett"] = {"Etruscan"}, ["etu"] = {"Ejagham"}, ["etx"] = {"Eten"}, ["etz"] = {"Semimi"}, ["euq"] = {"Basque (family)"}, ["eve"] = {"Even"}, ["evh"] = {"Uvbie"}, ["evn"] = {"Хамниган"}, ["ewo"] = {"Ewondo"}, ["ext"] = {"Extremaduran"}, ["eya"] = {"Eyak"}, ["eyo"] = {"Keiyo"}, ["eza"] = {"Ezaa"}, ["eze"] = {"Uzekwe"}, ["faa"] = {"Fasu"}, ["fab"] = {"Fa d'Ambu"}, ["fad"] = {"Wagi"}, ["faf"] = {"Fagani"}, ["fag"] = {"Finongan"}, ["fah"] = {"Baissa Fali"}, ["fai"] = {"Faiwol"}, ["faj"] = {"Faita"}, ["fak"] = {"Fang (Cameroon)"}, ["fal"] = {"South Fali"}, ["fam"] = {"Fam"}, ["fan"] = {"Fang (Equatorial Guinea)"}, ["fap"] = {"Paloor"}, ["far"] = {"Fataleka"}, ["fat"] = {"Fanti"}, ["fau"] = {"Fayu"}, ["fax"] = {"Fala"}, ["fay"] = {"Southwestern Fars"}, ["faz"] = {"Northwestern Fars"}, ["fbl"] = {"West Albay Bikol"}, ["fcs"] = {"Quebec Sign Language"}, ["fer"] = {"Feroge"}, ["ffi"] = {"Foia Foia"}, ["ffm"] = {"Maasina Fulfulde"}, ["fgr"] = {"Fongoro"}, ["fia"] = {"Nobiin"}, ["fie"] = {"Fyer"}, ["fif"] = {"Faifi"}, ["fil"] = {"Филиппин", "Пилипино"}, ["fip"] = {"Fipa"}, ["fir"] = {"Firan"}, ["fit"] = {"Tornedalen Finnish"}, ["fiu"] = {"Finno-Ugrian languages"}, ["fiw"] = {"Fiwaga"}, ["fkk"] = {"Kirya-Konzəl"}, ["fkv"] = {"Kven Finnish"}, ["fla"] = {"Kalispel-Pend d'Oreille"}, ["flh"] = {"Foau"}, ["fli"] = {"Fali"}, ["fll"] = {"North Fali"}, ["fln"] = {"Flinders Island"}, ["flr"] = {"Fuliiru"}, ["fly"] = {"Flaaitaal", "Tsotsitaal"}, ["fmp"] = {"Fe'fe'"}, ["fmu"] = {"Far Western Muria"}, ["fnb"] = {"Fanbak"}, ["fng"] = {"Fanagalo"}, ["fni"] = {"Fania"}, ["fod"] = {"Foodo"}, ["foi"] = {"Foi"}, ["fom"] = {"Foma"}, ["fon"] = {"Fon"}, ["for"] = {"Fore"}, ["fos"] = {"Siraya"}, ["fox"] = {"Formosan languages"}, ["fpe"] = {"Fernando Po Creole English"}, ["fqs"] = {"Fas"}, ["frc"] = {"Cajun French"}, ["frd"] = {"Fordata"}, ["frk"] = {"Frankish"}, ["frm"] = {"Middle French (ca. 1400-1600)"}, ["fro"] = {"Old French (842-ca. 1400)"}, ["frp"] = {"Arpitan", "Francoprovençal"}, ["frq"] = {"Forak"}, ["frr"] = {"Хойд Фриз"}, ["frs"] = {"Зүүн Фриз"}, ["frt"] = {"Fortsenal"}, ["fse"] = {"Finnish Sign Language"}, ["fsl"] = {"French Sign Language"}, ["fss"] = {"Finland-Swedish Sign Language", "finlandssvenskt teckenspråk", "suomenruotsalainen viittomakieli"}, ["fub"] = {"Adamawa Fulfulde"}, ["fuc"] = {"Pulaar"}, ["fud"] = {"East Futuna"}, ["fue"] = {"Borgu Fulfulde"}, ["fuf"] = {"Пулар"}, ["fuh"] = {"Western Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fui"] = {"Bagirmi Fulfulde"}, ["fuj"] = {"Ko"}, ["fum"] = {"Fum"}, ["fun"] = {"Fulniô"}, ["fuq"] = {"Central-Eastern Niger Fulfulde"}, ["fur"] = {"Friulian"}, ["fut"] = {"Futuna-Aniwa"}, ["fuu"] = {"Furu"}, ["fuv"] = {"Nigerian Fulfulde"}, ["fuy"] = {"Fuyug"}, ["fvr"] = {"Fur"}, ["fwa"] = {"Fwâi"}, ["fwe"] = {"Fwe"}, ["gaa"] = {"Ga"}, ["gab"] = {"Gabri"}, ["gac"] = {"Mixed Great Andamanese"}, ["gad"] = {"Gaddang"}, ["gae"] = {"Guarequena"}, ["gaf"] = {"Gende"}, ["gag"] = {"Гагауз"}, ["gah"] = {"Alekano"}, ["gai"] = {"Borei"}, ["gaj"] = {"Gadsup"}, ["gak"] = {"Gamkonora"}, ["gal"] = {"Galolen"}, ["gam"] = {"Kandawo"}, ["gan"] = {"Gan Chinese"}, ["gao"] = {"Gants"}, ["gap"] = {"Gal"}, ["gaq"] = {"Gata'"}, ["gar"] = {"Galeya"}, ["gas"] = {"Adiwasi Garasia"}, ["gat"] = {"Kenati"}, ["gau"] = {"Mudhili Gadaba"}, ["gaw"] = {"Nobonob"}, ["gax"] = {"Borana-Arsi-Guji Oromo"}, ["gay"] = {"Gayo"}, ["gaz"] = {"West Central Oromo"}, ["gba"] = {"Gbaya (Central African Republic)"}, ["gbb"] = {"Kaytetye"}, ["gbd"] = {"Karajarri"}, ["gbe"] = {"Niksek"}, ["gbf"] = {"Gaikundi"}, ["gbg"] = {"Gbanziri"}, ["gbh"] = {"Defi Gbe"}, ["gbi"] = {"Galela"}, ["gbj"] = {"Bodo Gadaba"}, ["gbk"] = {"Gaddi"}, ["gbl"] = {"Gamit"}, ["gbm"] = {"Garhwali"}, ["gbn"] = {"Mo'da"}, ["gbo"] = {"Northern Grebo"}, ["gbp"] = {"Gbaya-Bossangoa"}, ["gbq"] = {"Gbaya-Bozoum"}, ["gbr"] = {"Gbagyi"}, ["gbs"] = {"Gbesi Gbe"}, ["gbu"] = {"Gagadu"}, ["gbv"] = {"Gbanu"}, ["gbw"] = {"Gabi-Gabi"}, ["gbx"] = {"Eastern Xwla Gbe"}, ["gby"] = {"Gbari"}, ["gbz"] = {"Zoroastrian Dari"}, ["gcc"] = {"Mali"}, ["gcd"] = {"Ganggalida"}, ["gce"] = {"Galice"}, ["gcf"] = {"Guadeloupean Creole French"}, ["gcl"] = {"Grenadian Creole English"}, ["gcn"] = {"Gaina"}, ["gcr"] = {"Гвианын Креол Франц"}, ["gct"] = {"Colonia Tovar German"}, ["gda"] = {"Gade Lohar"}, ["gdb"] = {"Pottangi Ollar Gadaba"}, ["gdc"] = {"Gugu Badhun"}, ["gdd"] = {"Gedaged"}, ["gde"] = {"Gude"}, ["gdf"] = {"Guduf-Gava"}, ["gdg"] = {"Ga'dang"}, ["gdh"] = {"Gadjerawang", "Gajirrabeng"}, ["gdi"] = {"Gundi"}, ["gdj"] = {"Gurdjar"}, ["gdk"] = {"Gadang"}, ["gdl"] = {"Dirasha"}, ["gdm"] = {"Laal"}, ["gdn"] = {"Umanakaina"}, ["gdo"] = {"Ghodoberi"}, ["gdq"] = {"Mehri"}, ["gdr"] = {"Wipi"}, ["gds"] = {"Ghandruk Sign Language"}, ["gdt"] = {"Kungardutyi"}, ["gdu"] = {"Gudu"}, ["gdx"] = {"Godwari"}, ["gea"] = {"Geruma"}, ["geb"] = {"Kire"}, ["gec"] = {"Gboloo Grebo"}, ["ged"] = {"Gade"}, ["gef"] = {"Gerai"}, ["geg"] = {"Gengle"}, ["geh"] = {"Hutterite German", "Hutterisch"}, ["gei"] = {"Gebe"}, ["gej"] = {"Gen"}, ["gek"] = {"Ywom"}, ["gel"] = {"ut-Ma'in"}, ["gem"] = {"Germanic languages"}, ["geq"] = {"Geme"}, ["ges"] = {"Geser-Gorom"}, ["gev"] = {"Eviya"}, ["gew"] = {"Gera"}, ["gex"] = {"Garre"}, ["gey"] = {"Enya"}, ["gez"] = {"Geez"}, ["gfk"] = {"Patpatar"}, ["gft"] = {"Gafat"}, ["gga"] = {"Gao"}, ["ggb"] = {"Gbii"}, ["ggd"] = {"Gugadj"}, ["gge"] = {"Gurr-goni"}, ["ggg"] = {"Gurgula"}, ["ggk"] = {"Kungarakany"}, ["ggl"] = {"Ganglau"}, ["ggt"] = {"Gitua"}, ["ggu"] = {"Gagu", "Gban"}, ["ggw"] = {"Gogodala"}, ["gha"] = {"Ghadamès"}, ["ghc"] = {"Hiberno-Scottish Gaelic"}, ["ghe"] = {"Southern Ghale"}, ["ghh"] = {"Northern Ghale"}, ["ghk"] = {"Geko Karen"}, ["ghl"] = {"Ghulfan"}, ["ghn"] = {"Ghanongga"}, ["gho"] = {"Ghomara"}, ["ghr"] = {"Ghera"}, ["ghs"] = {"Guhu-Samane"}, ["ght"] = {"Kuke", "Kutang Ghale"}, ["gia"] = {"Kija"}, ["gib"] = {"Gibanawa"}, ["gic"] = {"Gail"}, ["gid"] = {"Gidar"}, ["gie"] = {"Gaɓogbo", "Guébie"}, ["gig"] = {"Goaria"}, ["gih"] = {"Githabul"}, ["gii"] = {"Girirra"}, ["gil"] = {"Гильберт"}, ["gim"] = {"Gimi (Eastern Highlands)"}, ["gin"] = {"Hinukh"}, ["gip"] = {"Gimi (West New Britain)"}, ["giq"] = {"Green Gelao"}, ["gir"] = {"Red Gelao"}, ["gis"] = {"North Giziga"}, ["git"] = {"Gitxsan"}, ["giu"] = {"Mulao"}, ["giw"] = {"White Gelao"}, ["gix"] = {"Gilima"}, ["giy"] = {"Giyug"}, ["giz"] = {"South Giziga"}, ["gjk"] = {"Kachi Koli"}, ["gjm"] = {"Gunditjmara"}, ["gjn"] = {"Gonja"}, ["gjr"] = {"Gurindji Kriol"}, ["gju"] = {"Gujari"}, ["gka"] = {"Guya"}, ["gkd"] = {"Magɨ (Madang Province)"}, ["gke"] = {"Ndai"}, ["gkn"] = {"Gokana"}, ["gko"] = {"Kok-Nar"}, ["gkp"] = {"Guinea Kpelle"}, ["gku"] = {"ǂUngkue"}, ["glb"] = {"Belning"}, ["glc"] = {"Bon Gula"}, ["gld"] = {"Nanai"}, ["glh"] = {"Northwest Pashai", "Northwest Pashayi"}, ["glj"] = {"Gula Iro"}, ["glk"] = {"Gilaki"}, ["gll"] = {"Garlali"}, ["glo"] = {"Galambu"}, ["glr"] = {"Glaro-Twabo"}, ["glu"] = {"Gula (Chad)"}, ["glw"] = {"Glavda"}, ["gly"] = {"Gule"}, ["gma"] = {"Gambera"}, ["gmb"] = {"Gula'alaa"}, ["gmd"] = {"Mághdì"}, ["gme"] = {"East Germanic languages"}, ["gmg"] = {"Magɨyi"}, ["gmh"] = {"Middle High German (ca. 1050-1500)"}, ["gml"] = {"Middle Low German"}, ["gmm"] = {"Gbaya-Mbodomo"}, ["gmn"] = {"Gimnime"}, ["gmq"] = {"North Germanic languages"}, ["gmr"] = {"Mirning", "Mirniny"}, ["gmu"] = {"Gumalu"}, ["gmv"] = {"Gamo"}, ["gmw"] = {"West Germanic languages"}, ["gmx"] = {"Magoma"}, ["gmy"] = {"Mycenaean Greek"}, ["gmz"] = {"Mgbolizhia"}, ["gna"] = {"Kaansa"}, ["gnb"] = {"Gangte"}, ["gnc"] = {"Guanche"}, ["gnd"] = {"Zulgo-Gemzek"}, ["gne"] = {"Ganang"}, ["gng"] = {"Ngangam"}, ["gnh"] = {"Lere"}, ["gni"] = {"Gooniyandi"}, ["gnj"] = {"Ngen"}, ["gnk"] = {"ǁGana"}, ["gnl"] = {"Gangulu"}, ["gnm"] = {"Ginuman"}, ["gnn"] = {"Gumatj"}, ["gno"] = {"Northern Gondi"}, ["gnq"] = {"Gana"}, ["gnr"] = {"Gureng Gureng"}, ["gnt"] = {"Guntai"}, ["gnu"] = {"Gnau"}, ["gnw"] = {"Western Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["gnz"] = {"Ganzi"}, ["goa"] = {"Guro"}, ["gob"] = {"Playero"}, ["goc"] = {"Gorakor"}, ["god"] = {"Godié"}, ["goe"] = {"Gongduk"}, ["gof"] = {"Gofa"}, ["gog"] = {"Gogo"}, ["goh"] = {"Old High German (ca. 750-1050)"}, ["goi"] = {"Gobasi"}, ["goj"] = {"Gowlan"}, ["gok"] = {"Gowli"}, ["gol"] = {"Gola"}, ["gom"] = {"Goan Konkani"}, ["gon"] = {"Gondi"}, ["goo"] = {"Gone Dau"}, ["gop"] = {"Yeretuar"}, ["goq"] = {"Gorap"}, ["gor"] = {"Gorontalo"}, ["gos"] = {"Gronings"}, ["got"] = {"Gothic"}, ["gou"] = {"Gavar"}, ["gow"] = {"Gorowa"}, ["gox"] = {"Gobu"}, ["goy"] = {"Goundo"}, ["goz"] = {"Gozarkhani"}, ["gpa"] = {"Gupa-Abawa"}, ["gpe"] = {"Ghanaian Pidgin English"}, ["gpn"] = {"Taiap"}, ["gqa"] = {"Ga'anda"}, ["gqi"] = {"Guiqiong"}, ["gqn"] = {"Guana (Brazil)"}, ["gqr"] = {"Gor"}, ["gqu"] = {"Qau"}, ["gra"] = {"Rajput Garasia"}, ["grb"] = {"Grebo"}, ["grc"] = {"Эртний Грек"}, ["grd"] = {"Guruntum-Mbaaru"}, ["grg"] = {"Madi"}, ["grh"] = {"Gbiri-Niragu"}, ["gri"] = {"Ghari"}, ["grj"] = {"Southern Grebo"}, ["grk"] = {"Greek languages"}, ["grm"] = {"Kota Marudu Talantang"}, ["gro"] = {"Groma"}, ["grq"] = {"Gorovu"}, ["grr"] = {"Taznatit"}, ["grs"] = {"Gresi"}, ["grt"] = {"Garo"}, ["gru"] = {"Kistane"}, ["grv"] = {"Central Grebo"}, ["grw"] = {"Gweda"}, ["grx"] = {"Guriaso"}, ["gry"] = {"Barclayville Grebo"}, ["grz"] = {"Guramalum"}, ["gse"] = {"Ghanaian Sign Language"}, ["gsg"] = {"German Sign Language"}, ["gsl"] = {"Gusilay"}, ["gsm"] = {"Guatemalan Sign Language"}, ["gsn"] = {"Nema", "Gusan"}, ["gso"] = {"Southwest Gbaya"}, ["gsp"] = {"Wasembo"}, ["gss"] = {"Greek Sign Language"}, ["gsw"] = {"Швейцарын Герман", "Алеманн", "Эльзасын"}, ["gta"] = {"Guató"}, ["gtu"] = {"Aghu-Tharnggala"}, ["gua"] = {"Shiki"}, ["gub"] = {"Guajajára"}, ["guc"] = {"Wayuu"}, ["gud"] = {"Yocoboué Dida"}, ["gue"] = {"Gurindji"}, ["guf"] = {"Gupapuyngu"}, ["gug"] = {"Paraguayan Guaraní"}, ["guh"] = {"Guahibo"}, ["gui"] = {"Eastern Bolivian Guaraní"}, ["guk"] = {"Gumuz"}, ["gul"] = {"Sea Island Creole English"}, ["gum"] = {"Guambiano"}, ["gun"] = {"Mbyá Guaraní"}, ["guo"] = {"Guayabero"}, ["gup"] = {"Gunwinggu"}, ["guq"] = {"Aché"}, ["gur"] = {"Farefare"}, ["gus"] = {"Guinean Sign Language"}, ["gut"] = {"Maléku Jaíka"}, ["guu"] = {"Yanomamö"}, ["guw"] = {"Gun"}, ["gux"] = {"Gourmanchéma"}, ["guz"] = {"Gusii", "Ekegusii"}, ["gva"] = {"Guana (Paraguay)"}, ["gvc"] = {"Guanano"}, ["gve"] = {"Duwet"}, ["gvf"] = {"Golin"}, ["gvj"] = {"Guajá"}, ["gvl"] = {"Gulay"}, ["gvm"] = {"Gurmana"}, ["gvn"] = {"Kuku-Yalanji"}, ["gvo"] = {"Gavião Do Jiparaná"}, ["gvp"] = {"Pará Gavião"}, ["gvr"] = {"Gurung"}, ["gvs"] = {"Gumawana"}, ["gvy"] = {"Guyani"}, ["gwa"] = {"Mbato"}, ["gwb"] = {"Gwa"}, ["gwc"] = {"Gawri", "Kalami"}, ["gwd"] = {"Gawwada"}, ["gwe"] = {"Gweno"}, ["gwf"] = {"Gowro"}, ["gwg"] = {"Moo"}, ["gwi"] = {"Gwichʼin"}, ["gwj"] = {"ǀGwi"}, ["gwm"] = {"Awngthim"}, ["gwn"] = {"Gwandara"}, ["gwr"] = {"Gwere"}, ["gwt"] = {"Gawar-Bati"}, ["gwu"] = {"Guwamu"}, ["gww"] = {"Kwini"}, ["gwx"] = {"Gua"}, ["gxx"] = {"Wè Southern"}, ["gya"] = {"Northwest Gbaya"}, ["gyb"] = {"Garus"}, ["gyd"] = {"Kayardild"}, ["gye"] = {"Gyem"}, ["gyf"] = {"Gungabula"}, ["gyg"] = {"Gbayi"}, ["gyi"] = {"Gyele"}, ["gyl"] = {"Gayil"}, ["gym"] = {"Ngäbere"}, ["gyn"] = {"Guyanese Creole English"}, ["gyo"] = {"Gyalsumdo"}, ["gyr"] = {"Guarayu"}, ["gyy"] = {"Gunya"}, ["gyz"] = {"Geji", "Gyaazi"}, ["gza"] = {"Ganza"}, ["gzi"] = {"Gazi"}, ["gzn"] = {"Gane"}, ["haa"] = {"Han"}, ["hab"] = {"Hanoi Sign Language"}, ["hac"] = {"Gurani"}, ["had"] = {"Hatam"}, ["hae"] = {"Eastern Oromo"}, ["haf"] = {"Haiphong Sign Language"}, ["hag"] = {"Hanga"}, ["hah"] = {"Hahon"}, ["hai"] = {"Haida"}, ["haj"] = {"Hajong"}, ["hak"] = {"Hakka Chinese"}, ["hal"] = {"Halang"}, ["ham"] = {"Hewa"}, ["han"] = {"Hangaza"}, ["hao"] = {"Hakö"}, ["hap"] = {"Hupla"}, ["haq"] = {"Ha"}, ["har"] = {"Harari"}, ["has"] = {"Haisla"}, ["hav"] = {"Havu"}, ["haw"] = {"Hawaiian"}, ["hax"] = {"Southern Haida"}, ["hay"] = {"Haya"}, ["haz"] = {"Hazaragi"}, ["hba"] = {"Hamba"}, ["hbb"] = {"Huba"}, ["hbn"] = {"Heiban"}, ["hbo"] = {"Ancient Hebrew"}, ["hbu"] = {"Habu"}, ["hca"] = {"Andaman Creole Hindi"}, ["hch"] = {"Huichol"}, ["hdn"] = {"Northern Haida"}, ["hds"] = {"Honduras Sign Language"}, ["hdy"] = {"Hadiyya"}, ["hea"] = {"Northern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hed"] = {"Herdé"}, ["heg"] = {"Helong"}, ["heh"] = {"Hehe"}, ["hei"] = {"Heiltsuk"}, ["hem"] = {"Hemba"}, ["hgm"] = {"Haiǁom"}, ["hgw"] = {"Haigwai"}, ["hhi"] = {"Hoia Hoia"}, ["hhr"] = {"Kerak"}, ["hhy"] = {"Hoyahoya"}, ["hia"] = {"Lamang"}, ["hib"] = {"Hibito"}, ["hid"] = {"Hidatsa"}, ["hif"] = {"Фижи Хинди"}, ["hig"] = {"Kamwe"}, ["hih"] = {"Pamosu"}, ["hii"] = {"Hinduri"}, ["hij"] = {"Hijuk"}, ["hik"] = {"Seit-Kaitetu"}, ["hil"] = {"Hiligaynon"}, ["him"] = {"Himachali languages", "Western Pahari languages"}, ["hio"] = {"Tsoa"}, ["hir"] = {"Himarimã"}, ["hit"] = {"Hittite"}, ["hiw"] = {"Hiw"}, ["hix"] = {"Hixkaryána"}, ["hji"] = {"Haji"}, ["hka"] = {"Kahe"}, ["hke"] = {"Hunde"}, ["hkh"] = {"Khah", "Poguli"}, ["hkk"] = {"Hunjara-Kaina Ke"}, ["hkn"] = {"Mel-Khaonh"}, ["hks"] = {"Hong Kong Sign Language", "Heung Kong Sau Yue"}, ["hla"] = {"Halia"}, ["hlb"] = {"Halbi"}, ["hld"] = {"Halang Doan"}, ["hle"] = {"Hlersu"}, ["hlt"] = {"Matu Chin"}, ["hlu"] = {"Hieroglyphic Luwian"}, ["hma"] = {"Southern Mashan Hmong", "Southern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmb"] = {"Humburi Senni Songhay"}, ["hmc"] = {"Central Huishui Hmong", "Central Huishui Miao"}, ["hmd"] = {"Large Flowery Miao", "A-hmaos", "Da-Hua Miao"}, ["hme"] = {"Eastern Huishui Hmong", "Eastern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmf"] = {"Hmong Don"}, ["hmg"] = {"Southwestern Guiyang Hmong"}, ["hmh"] = {"Southwestern Huishui Hmong", "Southwestern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmi"] = {"Northern Huishui Hmong", "Northern Huishui Miao"}, ["hmj"] = {"Ge", "Gejia"}, ["hmk"] = {"Maek"}, ["hml"] = {"Luopohe Hmong", "Luopohe Miao"}, ["hmm"] = {"Central Mashan Hmong", "Central Mashan Miao"}, ["hmn"] = {"Хмонг", "Монг"}, ["hmp"] = {"Northern Mashan Hmong", "Northern Mashan Miao"}, ["hmq"] = {"Eastern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmr"] = {"Hmar"}, ["hms"] = {"Southern Qiandong Miao"}, ["hmt"] = {"Hamtai"}, ["hmu"] = {"Hamap"}, ["hmv"] = {"Hmong Dô"}, ["hmw"] = {"Western Mashan Hmong", "Western Mashan Miao"}, ["hmx"] = {"Hmong-Mien languages"}, ["hmy"] = {"Southern Guiyang Hmong", "Southern Guiyang Miao"}, ["hmz"] = {"Hmong Shua", "Sinicized Miao"}, ["hna"] = {"Mina (Cameroon)"}, ["hnd"] = {"Southern Hindko"}, ["hne"] = {"Chhattisgarhi"}, ["hng"] = {"Hungu"}, ["hnh"] = {"ǁAni"}, ["hni"] = {"Hani"}, ["hnj"] = {"Hmong Njua", "Mong Leng", "Mong Njua"}, ["hnn"] = {"Hanunoo"}, ["hno"] = {"Northern Hindko"}, ["hns"] = {"Карибын Хиндустани"}, ["hnu"] = {"Hung"}, ["hoa"] = {"Hoava"}, ["hob"] = {"Mari (Madang Province)"}, ["hoc"] = {"Ho"}, ["hod"] = {"Holma"}, ["hoe"] = {"Horom"}, ["hoh"] = {"Hobyót"}, ["hoi"] = {"Holikachuk"}, ["hoj"] = {"Hadothi", "Haroti"}, ["hok"] = {"Hokan languages"}, ["hol"] = {"Holu"}, ["hom"] = {"Homa"}, ["hoo"] = {"Holoholo"}, ["hop"] = {"Hopi"}, ["hor"] = {"Horo"}, ["hos"] = {"Ho Chi Minh City Sign Language"}, ["hot"] = {"Hote", "Malê"}, ["hov"] = {"Hovongan"}, ["how"] = {"Honi"}, ["hoy"] = {"Holiya"}, ["hoz"] = {"Hozo"}, ["hpo"] = {"Hpon"}, ["hps"] = {"Hawai'i Sign Language (HSL)", "Hawai'i Pidgin Sign Language"}, ["hra"] = {"Hrangkhol"}, ["hrc"] = {"Niwer Mil"}, ["hre"] = {"Hre"}, ["hrk"] = {"Haruku"}, ["hrm"] = {"Horned Miao"}, ["hro"] = {"Haroi"}, ["hrp"] = {"Nhirrpi"}, ["hrt"] = {"Hértevin"}, ["hru"] = {"Hruso"}, ["hrw"] = {"Warwar Feni"}, ["hrx"] = {"Hunsrik"}, ["hrz"] = {"Harzani"}, ["hsb"] = {"Дээд Сорб"}, ["hsh"] = {"Hungarian Sign Language"}, ["hsl"] = {"Hausa Sign Language"}, ["hsn"] = {"Xiang Chinese"}, ["hss"] = {"Harsusi"}, ["hti"] = {"Hoti"}, ["hto"] = {"Minica Huitoto"}, ["hts"] = {"Hadza"}, ["htu"] = {"Hitu"}, ["htx"] = {"Middle Hittite"}, ["hub"] = {"Huambisa"}, ["huc"] = {"ǂHua", "ǂʼAmkhoe"}, ["hud"] = {"Huaulu"}, ["hue"] = {"San Francisco Del Mar Huave"}, ["huf"] = {"Humene"}, ["hug"] = {"Huachipaeri"}, ["huh"] = {"Huilliche"}, ["hui"] = {"Huli"}, ["huj"] = {"Northern Guiyang Hmong", "Northern Guiyang Miao"}, ["huk"] = {"Hulung"}, ["hul"] = {"Hula"}, ["hum"] = {"Hungana"}, ["huo"] = {"Hu"}, ["hup"] = {"Hupa"}, ["huq"] = {"Tsat"}, ["hur"] = {"Halkomelem"}, ["hus"] = {"Huastec"}, ["hut"] = {"Humla"}, ["huu"] = {"Murui Huitoto"}, ["huv"] = {"San Mateo Del Mar Huave"}, ["huw"] = {"Hukumina"}, ["hux"] = {"Nüpode Huitoto"}, ["huy"] = {"Hulaulá"}, ["huz"] = {"Hunzib"}, ["hvc"] = {"Haitian Vodoun Culture Language"}, ["hve"] = {"San Dionisio Del Mar Huave"}, ["hvk"] = {"Haveke"}, ["hvn"] = {"Sabu"}, ["hvv"] = {"Santa María Del Mar Huave"}, ["hwa"] = {"Wané"}, ["hwc"] = {"Hawai'i Creole English", "Hawai'i Pidgin"}, ["hwo"] = {"Hwana"}, ["hya"] = {"Hya"}, ["hyw"] = {"Western Armenian"}, ["hyx"] = {"Armenian (family)"}, ["iai"] = {"Iaai"}, ["ian"] = {"Iatmul"}, ["iar"] = {"Purari"}, ["iba"] = {"Iban"}, ["ibb"] = {"Ibibio"}, ["ibd"] = {"Iwaidja"}, ["ibe"] = {"Akpes"}, ["ibg"] = {"Ibanag"}, ["ibh"] = {"Bih"}, ["ibl"] = {"Ibaloi"}, ["ibm"] = {"Agoi"}, ["ibn"] = {"Ibino"}, ["ibr"] = {"Ibuoro"}, ["ibu"] = {"Ibu"}, ["iby"] = {"Ibani"}, ["ica"] = {"Ede Ica"}, ["ich"] = {"Etkywan"}, ["icl"] = {"Icelandic Sign Language"}, ["icr"] = {"Islander Creole English"}, ["ida"] = {"Idakho-Isukha-Tiriki", "Luidakho-Luisukha-Lutirichi"}, ["idb"] = {"Indo-Portuguese"}, ["idc"] = {"Idon", "Ajiya"}, ["idd"] = {"Ede Idaca"}, ["ide"] = {"Idere"}, ["idi"] = {"Idi"}, ["idr"] = {"Indri"}, ["ids"] = {"Idesa"}, ["idt"] = {"Idaté"}, ["idu"] = {"Idoma"}, ["ifa"] = {"Amganad Ifugao"}, ["ifb"] = {"Batad Ifugao", "Ayangan Ifugao"}, ["ife"] = {"Ifè"}, ["iff"] = {"Ifo"}, ["ifk"] = {"Tuwali Ifugao"}, ["ifm"] = {"Teke-Fuumu"}, ["ifu"] = {"Mayoyao Ifugao"}, ["ify"] = {"Keley-I Kallahan"}, ["igb"] = {"Ebira"}, ["ige"] = {"Igede"}, ["igg"] = {"Igana"}, ["igl"] = {"Igala"}, ["igm"] = {"Kanggape"}, ["ign"] = {"Ignaciano"}, ["igo"] = {"Isebe"}, ["igs"] = {"Interglossa"}, ["igw"] = {"Igwe"}, ["ihb"] = {"Iha Based Pidgin"}, ["ihi"] = {"Ihievbe"}, ["ihp"] = {"Iha"}, ["ihw"] = {"Bidhawal"}, ["iin"] = {"Thiin"}, ["iir"] = {"Indo-Iranian languages"}, ["ijc"] = {"Izon"}, ["ije"] = {"Biseni"}, ["ijj"] = {"Ede Ije"}, ["ijn"] = {"Kalabari"}, ["ijo"] = {"Ijo languages"}, ["ijs"] = {"Southeast Ijo"}, ["ike"] = {"Eastern Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["iki"] = {"Iko"}, ["ikk"] = {"Ika"}, ["ikl"] = {"Ikulu"}, ["iko"] = {"Olulumo-Ikom"}, ["ikp"] = {"Ikpeshi"}, ["ikr"] = {"Ikaranggal"}, ["iks"] = {"Inuit Sign Language"}, ["ikt"] = {"Inuinnaqtun", "Western Canadian Inuktitut"}, ["ikv"] = {"Iku-Gora-Ankwa"}, ["ikw"] = {"Ikwere"}, ["ikx"] = {"Ik"}, ["ikz"] = {"Ikizu"}, ["ila"] = {"Ile Ape"}, ["ilb"] = {"Ila"}, ["ilg"] = {"Garig-Ilgar"}, ["ili"] = {"Ili Turki"}, ["ilk"] = {"Ilongot"}, ["ilm"] = {"Iranun (Malaysia)"}, ["ilo"] = {"Iloko"}, ["ilp"] = {"Iranun (Philippines)"}, ["ils"] = {"International Sign"}, ["ilu"] = {"Ili'uun"}, ["ilv"] = {"Ilue"}, ["ima"] = {"Mala Malasar"}, ["imi"] = {"Anamgura"}, ["iml"] = {"Miluk"}, ["imn"] = {"Imonda"}, ["imo"] = {"Imbongu"}, ["imr"] = {"Imroing"}, ["ims"] = {"Marsian"}, ["imy"] = {"Milyan"}, ["inb"] = {"Inga"}, ["inc"] = {"Indic languages"}, ["ine"] = {"Indo-European languages"}, ["ing"] = {"Degexit'an"}, ["inh"] = {"Ингуш"}, ["inj"] = {"Jungle Inga"}, ["inl"] = {"Indonesian Sign Language"}, ["inm"] = {"Minaean"}, ["inn"] = {"Isinai"}, ["ino"] = {"Inoke-Yate"}, ["inp"] = {"Iñapari"}, ["ins"] = {"Indian Sign Language"}, ["int"] = {"Intha"}, ["inz"] = {"Ineseño"}, ["ior"] = {"Inor"}, ["iou"] = {"Tuma-Irumu"}, ["iow"] = {"Iowa-Oto"}, ["ipi"] = {"Ipili"}, ["ipo"] = {"Ipiko"}, ["iqu"] = {"Iquito"}, ["iqw"] = {"Ikwo"}, ["ira"] = {"Iranian languages"}, ["ire"] = {"Iresim"}, ["irh"] = {"Irarutu"}, ["iri"] = {"Rigwe", "Irigwe"}, ["irk"] = {"Iraqw"}, ["irn"] = {"Irántxe"}, ["iro"] = {"Iroquoian languages"}, ["irr"] = {"Ir"}, ["iru"] = {"Irula"}, ["irx"] = {"Kamberau"}, ["iry"] = {"Iraya"}, ["isa"] = {"Isabi"}, ["isc"] = {"Isconahua"}, ["isd"] = {"Isnag"}, ["ise"] = {"Italian Sign Language"}, ["isg"] = {"Irish Sign Language"}, ["ish"] = {"Esan"}, ["isi"] = {"Nkem-Nkum"}, ["isk"] = {"Ishkashimi"}, ["ism"] = {"Masimasi"}, ["isn"] = {"Isanzu"}, ["iso"] = {"Isoko"}, ["isr"] = {"Israeli Sign Language"}, ["ist"] = {"Istriot"}, ["isu"] = {"Isu (Menchum Division)"}, ["itb"] = {"Binongan Itneg"}, ["itc"] = {"Italic languages"}, ["itd"] = {"Southern Tidung"}, ["ite"] = {"Itene"}, ["iti"] = {"Inlaod Itneg"}, ["itk"] = {"Judeo-Italian"}, ["itl"] = {"Itelmen"}, ["itm"] = {"Itu Mbon Uzo"}, ["ito"] = {"Itonama"}, ["itr"] = {"Iteri"}, ["its"] = {"Isekiri"}, ["itt"] = {"Maeng Itneg"}, ["itv"] = {"Itawit"}, ["itw"] = {"Ito"}, ["itx"] = {"Itik"}, ["ity"] = {"Moyadan Itneg"}, ["itz"] = {"Itzá"}, ["ium"] = {"Iu Mien"}, ["ivb"] = {"Ibatan"}, ["ivv"] = {"Ivatan"}, ["iwk"] = {"I-Wak"}, ["iwm"] = {"Iwam"}, ["iwo"] = {"Iwur"}, ["iws"] = {"Sepik Iwam"}, ["ixc"] = {"Ixcatec"}, ["ixl"] = {"Ixil"}, ["iya"] = {"Iyayu"}, ["iyo"] = {"Mesaka"}, ["iyx"] = {"Yaka (Congo)"}, ["izh"] = {"Ingrian"}, ["izr"] = {"Izere"}, ["izz"] = {"Izii"}, ["jaa"] = {"Jamamadí"}, ["jab"] = {"Hyam"}, ["jac"] = {"Popti'", "Jakalteko"}, ["jad"] = {"Jahanka"}, ["jae"] = {"Yabem"}, ["jaf"] = {"Jara"}, ["jah"] = {"Jah Hut"}, ["jaj"] = {"Zazao"}, ["jak"] = {"Jakun"}, ["jal"] = {"Yalahatan"}, ["jam"] = {"Ямайкын Креол"}, ["jan"] = {"Jandai"}, ["jao"] = {"Yanyuwa"}, ["jaq"] = {"Yaqay"}, ["jas"] = {"New Caledonian Javanese"}, ["jat"] = {"Jakati"}, ["jau"] = {"Yaur"}, ["jax"] = {"Jambi Malay"}, ["jay"] = {"Yan-nhangu", "Nhangu"}, ["jaz"] = {"Jawe"}, ["jbe"] = {"Judeo-Berber"}, ["jbi"] = {"Badjiri"}, ["jbj"] = {"Arandai"}, ["jbk"] = {"Barikewa"}, ["jbm"] = {"Bijim"}, ["jbn"] = {"Nafusi"}, ["jbo"] = {"Lojban"}, ["jbr"] = {"Jofotek-Bromnya"}, ["jbt"] = {"Jabutí"}, ["jbu"] = {"Jukun Takum"}, ["jbw"] = {"Yawijibaya"}, ["jcs"] = {"Jamaican Country Sign Language"}, ["jct"] = {"Krymchak"}, ["jda"] = {"Jad"}, ["jdg"] = {"Jadgali"}, ["jdt"] = {"Judeo-Tat"}, ["jeb"] = {"Jebero"}, ["jee"] = {"Jerung"}, ["jeh"] = {"Jeh"}, ["jei"] = {"Yei"}, ["jek"] = {"Jeri Kuo"}, ["jel"] = {"Yelmek"}, ["jen"] = {"Dza"}, ["jer"] = {"Jere"}, ["jet"] = {"Manem"}, ["jeu"] = {"Jonkor Bourmataguil"}, ["jgb"] = {"Ngbee"}, ["jge"] = {"Judeo-Georgian"}, ["jgk"] = {"Gwak"}, ["jgo"] = {"Ngomba"}, ["jhi"] = {"Jehai"}, ["jhs"] = {"Jhankot Sign Language"}, ["jia"] = {"Jina"}, ["jib"] = {"Jibu"}, ["jic"] = {"Tol"}, ["jid"] = {"Bu (Kaduna State)"}, ["jie"] = {"Jilbe"}, ["jig"] = {"Jingulu", "Djingili"}, ["jih"] = {"sTodsde", "Shangzhai"}, ["jii"] = {"Jiiddu"}, ["jil"] = {"Jilim"}, ["jim"] = {"Jimi (Cameroon)"}, ["jio"] = {"Jiamao"}, ["jiq"] = {"Guanyinqiao", "Lavrung"}, ["jit"] = {"Jita"}, ["jiu"] = {"Youle Jinuo"}, ["jiv"] = {"Shuar"}, ["jiy"] = {"Buyuan Jinuo"}, ["jje"] = {"Jejueo"}, ["jjr"] = {"Bankal"}, ["jka"] = {"Kaera"}, ["jkm"] = {"Mobwa Karen"}, ["jko"] = {"Kubo"}, ["jkp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["jkr"] = {"Koro (India)"}, ["jks"] = {"Amami Koniya Sign Language"}, ["jku"] = {"Labir"}, ["jle"] = {"Ngile"}, ["jls"] = {"Jamaican Sign Language"}, ["jma"] = {"Dima"}, ["jmb"] = {"Zumbun"}, ["jmc"] = {"Machame"}, ["jmd"] = {"Yamdena"}, ["jmi"] = {"Jimi (Nigeria)"}, ["jml"] = {"Jumli"}, ["jmn"] = {"Makuri Naga"}, ["jmr"] = {"Kamara"}, ["jms"] = {"Mashi (Nigeria)"}, ["jmw"] = {"Mouwase"}, ["jmx"] = {"Western Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["jna"] = {"Jangshung"}, ["jnd"] = {"Jandavra"}, ["jng"] = {"Yangman"}, ["jni"] = {"Janji"}, ["jnj"] = {"Yemsa"}, ["jnl"] = {"Rawat"}, ["jns"] = {"Jaunsari"}, ["job"] = {"Joba"}, ["jod"] = {"Wojenaka"}, ["jog"] = {"Jogi"}, ["jor"] = {"Jorá"}, ["jos"] = {"Jordanian Sign Language"}, ["jow"] = {"Jowulu"}, ["jpa"] = {"Jewish Palestinian Aramaic"}, ["jpr"] = {"Judeo-Persian"}, ["jpx"] = {"Japanese (family)"}, ["jqr"] = {"Jaqaru"}, ["jra"] = {"Jarai"}, ["jrb"] = {"Judeo-Arabic"}, ["jrr"] = {"Jiru"}, ["jrt"] = {"Jakattoe"}, ["jru"] = {"Japrería"}, ["jsl"] = {"Japanese Sign Language"}, ["jua"] = {"Júma"}, ["jub"] = {"Wannu"}, ["juc"] = {"Jurchen"}, ["jud"] = {"Worodougou"}, ["juh"] = {"Hõne"}, ["jui"] = {"Ngadjuri"}, ["juk"] = {"Wapan"}, ["jul"] = {"Jirel"}, ["jum"] = {"Jumjum"}, ["jun"] = {"Juang"}, ["juo"] = {"Jiba"}, ["jup"] = {"Hupdë"}, ["jur"] = {"Jurúna"}, ["jus"] = {"Jumla Sign Language"}, ["jut"] = {"Jutish"}, ["juu"] = {"Ju"}, ["juw"] = {"Wãpha"}, ["juy"] = {"Juray"}, ["jvd"] = {"Javindo"}, ["jvn"] = {"Caribbean Javanese"}, ["jwi"] = {"Jwira-Pepesa"}, ["jya"] = {"Jiarong"}, ["jye"] = {"Judeo-Yemeni Arabic"}, ["jyy"] = {"Jaya"}, ["kaa"] = {"Кара-Калпак", "Каракалпак"}, ["kab"] = {"Kabyle"}, ["kac"] = {"Kachin", "Jingpho"}, ["kad"] = {"Adara"}, ["kae"] = {"Ketangalan"}, ["kaf"] = {"Katso"}, ["kag"] = {"Kajaman"}, ["kah"] = {"Kara (Central African Republic)"}, ["kai"] = {"Karekare"}, ["kaj"] = {"Jju"}, ["kak"] = {"Kalanguya", "Kayapa Kallahan"}, ["kam"] = {"Kamba (Kenya)"}, ["kao"] = {"Xaasongaxango"}, ["kap"] = {"Bezhta"}, ["kaq"] = {"Capanahua"}, ["kar"] = {"Karen languages"}, ["kav"] = {"Katukína"}, ["kaw"] = {"Кави"}, ["kax"] = {"Kao"}, ["kay"] = {"Kamayurá"}, ["kba"] = {"Kalarko"}, ["kbb"] = {"Kaxuiâna"}, ["kbc"] = {"Kadiwéu"}, ["kbd"] = {"Кабард"}, ["kbe"] = {"Kanju"}, ["kbg"] = {"Khamba"}, ["kbh"] = {"Camsá"}, ["kbi"] = {"Kaptiau"}, ["kbj"] = {"Kari"}, ["kbk"] = {"Grass Koiari"}, ["kbl"] = {"Kanembu"}, ["kbm"] = {"Iwal"}, ["kbn"] = {"Kare (Central African Republic)"}, ["kbo"] = {"Keliko"}, ["kbp"] = {"Kabiyè"}, ["kbq"] = {"Kamano"}, ["kbr"] = {"Kafa"}, ["kbs"] = {"Kande"}, ["kbt"] = {"Abadi"}, ["kbu"] = {"Kabutra"}, ["kbv"] = {"Dera (Indonesia)"}, ["kbw"] = {"Kaiep"}, ["kbx"] = {"Ap Ma"}, ["kby"] = {"Manga Kanuri"}, ["kbz"] = {"Duhwa"}, ["kca"] = {"Khanty"}, ["kcb"] = {"Kawacha"}, ["kcc"] = {"Lubila"}, ["kcd"] = {"Ngkâlmpw Kanum"}, ["kce"] = {"Kaivi"}, ["kcf"] = {"Ukaan"}, ["kcg"] = {"Tyap"}, ["kch"] = {"Vono"}, ["kci"] = {"Kamantan"}, ["kcj"] = {"Kobiana"}, ["kck"] = {"Kalanga"}, ["kcl"] = {"Kela (Papua New Guinea)", "Kala"}, ["kcm"] = {"Gula (Central African Republic)"}, ["kcn"] = {"Nubi"}, ["kco"] = {"Kinalakna"}, ["kcp"] = {"Kanga"}, ["kcq"] = {"Kamo"}, ["kcr"] = {"Katla"}, ["kcs"] = {"Koenoem"}, ["kct"] = {"Kaian"}, ["kcu"] = {"Kami (Tanzania)"}, ["kcv"] = {"Kete"}, ["kcw"] = {"Kabwari"}, ["kcx"] = {"Kachama-Ganjule"}, ["kcy"] = {"Korandje"}, ["kcz"] = {"Konongo"}, ["kda"] = {"Worimi"}, ["kdc"] = {"Kutu"}, ["kdd"] = {"Yankunytjatjara"}, ["kde"] = {"Makonde"}, ["kdf"] = {"Mamusi"}, ["kdg"] = {"Seba"}, ["kdh"] = {"Tem"}, ["kdi"] = {"Kumam"}, ["kdj"] = {"Karamojong"}, ["kdk"] = {"Numèè", "Kwényi"}, ["kdl"] = {"Tsikimba"}, ["kdm"] = {"Kagoma"}, ["kdn"] = {"Kunda"}, ["kdo"] = {"Kordofanian languages"}, ["kdp"] = {"Kaningdon-Nindem"}, ["kdq"] = {"Koch"}, ["kdr"] = {"Karaim"}, ["kdt"] = {"Kuy"}, ["kdu"] = {"Kadaru"}, ["kdw"] = {"Koneraw"}, ["kdx"] = {"Kam"}, ["kdy"] = {"Keder", "Keijar"}, ["kdz"] = {"Kwaja"}, ["kea"] = {"Kabuverdianu"}, ["keb"] = {"Kélé"}, ["kec"] = {"Keiga"}, ["ked"] = {"Kerewe"}, ["kee"] = {"Eastern Keres"}, ["kef"] = {"Kpessi"}, ["keg"] = {"Tese"}, ["keh"] = {"Keak"}, ["kei"] = {"Kei"}, ["kej"] = {"Kadar"}, ["kek"] = {"Kekchí"}, ["kel"] = {"Kela (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kem"] = {"Kemak"}, ["ken"] = {"Kenyang"}, ["keo"] = {"Kakwa"}, ["kep"] = {"Kaikadi"}, ["keq"] = {"Kamar"}, ["ker"] = {"Kera"}, ["kes"] = {"Kugbo"}, ["ket"] = {"Ket"}, ["keu"] = {"Akebu"}, ["kev"] = {"Kanikkaran"}, ["kew"] = {"West Kewa"}, ["kex"] = {"Kukna"}, ["key"] = {"Kupia"}, ["kez"] = {"Kukele"}, ["kfa"] = {"Kodava"}, ["kfb"] = {"Northwestern Kolami"}, ["kfc"] = {"Konda-Dora"}, ["kfd"] = {"Korra Koraga"}, ["kfe"] = {"Kota (India)"}, ["kff"] = {"Koya"}, ["kfg"] = {"Kudiya"}, ["kfh"] = {"Kurichiya"}, ["kfi"] = {"Kannada Kurumba"}, ["kfj"] = {"Kemiehua"}, ["kfk"] = {"Kinnauri"}, ["kfl"] = {"Kung"}, ["kfm"] = {"Khunsari"}, ["kfn"] = {"Kuk"}, ["kfo"] = {"Koro (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["kfp"] = {"Korwa"}, ["kfq"] = {"Korku"}, ["kfr"] = {"Kachhi", "Kutchi"}, ["kfs"] = {"Bilaspuri"}, ["kft"] = {"Kanjari"}, ["kfu"] = {"Katkari"}, ["kfv"] = {"Kurmukar"}, ["kfw"] = {"Kharam Naga"}, ["kfx"] = {"Kullu Pahari"}, ["kfy"] = {"Kumaoni"}, ["kfz"] = {"Koromfé"}, ["kga"] = {"Koyaga"}, ["kgb"] = {"Kawe"}, ["kge"] = {"Komering"}, ["kgf"] = {"Kube"}, ["kgg"] = {"Kusunda"}, ["kgi"] = {"Selangor Sign Language"}, ["kgj"] = {"Gamale Kham"}, ["kgk"] = {"Kaiwá"}, ["kgl"] = {"Kunggari"}, ["kgm"] = {"Karipúna"}, ["kgn"] = {"Karingani"}, ["kgo"] = {"Krongo"}, ["kgp"] = {"Kaingang"}, ["kgq"] = {"Kamoro"}, ["kgr"] = {"Abun"}, ["kgs"] = {"Kumbainggar"}, ["kgt"] = {"Somyev"}, ["kgu"] = {"Kobol"}, ["kgv"] = {"Karas"}, ["kgw"] = {"Karon Dori"}, ["kgx"] = {"Kamaru"}, ["kgy"] = {"Kyerung"}, ["kha"] = {"Khasi"}, ["khb"] = {"Lü"}, ["khc"] = {"Tukang Besi North"}, ["khd"] = {"Bädi Kanum"}, ["khe"] = {"Korowai"}, ["khf"] = {"Khuen"}, ["khg"] = {"Khams Tibetan"}, ["khh"] = {"Kehu"}, ["khi"] = {"Khoisan languages"}, ["khj"] = {"Kuturmi"}, ["khk"] = {"Halh Mongolian"}, ["khl"] = {"Lusi"}, ["khn"] = {"Khandesi"}, ["kho"] = {"Khotanese", "Sakan"}, ["khp"] = {"Kapori", "Kapauri"}, ["khq"] = {"Koyra Chiini Songhay"}, ["khr"] = {"Kharia"}, ["khs"] = {"Kasua"}, ["kht"] = {"Khamti"}, ["khu"] = {"Nkhumbi"}, ["khv"] = {"Khvarshi"}, ["khw"] = {"Ховар"}, ["khx"] = {"Kanu"}, ["khy"] = {"Kele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["khz"] = {"Keapara"}, ["kia"] = {"Kim"}, ["kib"] = {"Koalib"}, ["kic"] = {"Kickapoo"}, ["kid"] = {"Koshin"}, ["kie"] = {"Kibet"}, ["kif"] = {"Eastern Parbate Kham"}, ["kig"] = {"Kimaama", "Kimaghima"}, ["kih"] = {"Kilmeri"}, ["kii"] = {"Kitsai"}, ["kij"] = {"Kilivila"}, ["kil"] = {"Kariya"}, ["kim"] = {"Karagas"}, ["kio"] = {"Kiowa"}, ["kip"] = {"Sheshi Kham"}, ["kiq"] = {"Kosadle", "Kosare"}, ["kis"] = {"Kis"}, ["kit"] = {"Agob"}, ["kiu"] = {"Kirmanjki (individual language)"}, ["kiv"] = {"Kimbu"}, ["kiw"] = {"Northeast Kiwai"}, ["kix"] = {"Khiamniungan Naga"}, ["kiy"] = {"Kirikiri"}, ["kiz"] = {"Kisi"}, ["kja"] = {"Mlap"}, ["kjb"] = {"Q'anjob'al", "Kanjobal"}, ["kjc"] = {"Coastal Konjo"}, ["kjd"] = {"Southern Kiwai"}, ["kje"] = {"Kisar"}, ["kjg"] = {"Khmu"}, ["kjh"] = {"Khakas"}, ["kji"] = {"Zabana"}, ["kjj"] = {"Khinalugh"}, ["kjk"] = {"Highland Konjo"}, ["kjl"] = {"Western Parbate Kham"}, ["kjm"] = {"Kháng"}, ["kjn"] = {"Kunjen"}, ["kjo"] = {"Harijan Kinnauri"}, ["kjp"] = {"Pwo Eastern Karen"}, ["kjq"] = {"Western Keres"}, ["kjr"] = {"Kurudu"}, ["kjs"] = {"East Kewa"}, ["kjt"] = {"Phrae Pwo Karen"}, ["kju"] = {"Kashaya"}, ["kjv"] = {"Kaikavian Literary Language"}, ["kjx"] = {"Ramopa"}, ["kjy"] = {"Erave"}, ["kjz"] = {"Bumthangkha"}, ["kka"] = {"Kakanda"}, ["kkb"] = {"Kwerisa"}, ["kkc"] = {"Odoodee"}, ["kkd"] = {"Kinuku"}, ["kke"] = {"Kakabe"}, ["kkf"] = {"Kalaktang Monpa"}, ["kkg"] = {"Mabaka Valley Kalinga"}, ["kkh"] = {"Khün"}, ["kki"] = {"Kagulu"}, ["kkj"] = {"Kako"}, ["kkk"] = {"Kokota"}, ["kkl"] = {"Kosarek Yale"}, ["kkm"] = {"Kiong"}, ["kkn"] = {"Kon Keu"}, ["kko"] = {"Karko"}, ["kkp"] = {"Gugubera", "Koko-Bera"}, ["kkq"] = {"Kaeku"}, ["kkr"] = {"Kir-Balar"}, ["kks"] = {"Giiwo"}, ["kkt"] = {"Koi"}, ["kku"] = {"Tumi"}, ["kkv"] = {"Kangean"}, ["kkw"] = {"Teke-Kukuya"}, ["kkx"] = {"Kohin"}, ["kky"] = {"Guugu Yimidhirr", "Guguyimidjir"}, ["kkz"] = {"Kaska"}, ["kla"] = {"Klamath-Modoc"}, ["klb"] = {"Kiliwa"}, ["klc"] = {"Kolbila"}, ["kld"] = {"Gamilaraay"}, ["kle"] = {"Kulung (Nepal)"}, ["klf"] = {"Kendeje"}, ["klg"] = {"Tagakaulo"}, ["klh"] = {"Weliki"}, ["kli"] = {"Kalumpang"}, ["klj"] = {"Khalaj"}, ["klk"] = {"Kono (Nigeria)"}, ["kll"] = {"Kagan Kalagan"}, ["klm"] = {"Migum"}, ["kln"] = {"Kalenjin"}, ["klo"] = {"Kapya"}, ["klp"] = {"Kamasa"}, ["klq"] = {"Rumu"}, ["klr"] = {"Khaling"}, ["kls"] = {"Kalasha"}, ["klt"] = {"Nukna"}, ["klu"] = {"Klao"}, ["klv"] = {"Maskelynes"}, ["klw"] = {"Tado", "Lindu"}, ["klx"] = {"Koluwawa"}, ["kly"] = {"Kalao"}, ["klz"] = {"Kabola"}, ["kma"] = {"Konni"}, ["kmb"] = {"Kimbundu"}, ["kmc"] = {"Southern Dong"}, ["kmd"] = {"Majukayang Kalinga"}, ["kme"] = {"Bakole"}, ["kmf"] = {"Kare (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kmg"] = {"Kâte"}, ["kmh"] = {"Kalam"}, ["kmi"] = {"Kami (Nigeria)"}, ["kmj"] = {"Kumarbhag Paharia"}, ["kmk"] = {"Limos Kalinga"}, ["kml"] = {"Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kmm"] = {"Kom (India)"}, ["kmn"] = {"Awtuw"}, ["kmo"] = {"Kwoma"}, ["kmp"] = {"Gimme"}, ["kmq"] = {"Kwama"}, ["kmr"] = {"Northern Kurdish"}, ["kms"] = {"Kamasau"}, ["kmt"] = {"Kemtuik"}, ["kmu"] = {"Kanite"}, ["kmv"] = {"Karipúna Creole French"}, ["kmw"] = {"Komo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["kmx"] = {"Waboda"}, ["kmy"] = {"Koma"}, ["kmz"] = {"Khorasani Turkish"}, ["kna"] = {"Dera (Nigeria)"}, ["knb"] = {"Lubuagan Kalinga"}, ["knc"] = {"Central Kanuri"}, ["knd"] = {"Konda"}, ["kne"] = {"Kankanaey"}, ["knf"] = {"Mankanya"}, ["kng"] = {"Koongo"}, ["kni"] = {"Kanufi"}, ["knj"] = {"Western Kanjobal"}, ["knk"] = {"Kuranko"}, ["knl"] = {"Keninjal"}, ["knm"] = {"Kanamarí"}, ["knn"] = {"Konkani (individual language)"}, ["kno"] = {"Kono (Sierra Leone)"}, ["knp"] = {"Kwanja"}, ["knq"] = {"Kintaq"}, ["knr"] = {"Kaningra"}, ["kns"] = {"Kensiu"}, ["knt"] = {"Panoan Katukína"}, ["knu"] = {"Kono (Guinea)"}, ["knv"] = {"Tabo"}, ["knw"] = {"Kung-Ekoka"}, ["knx"] = {"Kendayan", "Salako"}, ["kny"] = {"Kanyok"}, ["knz"] = {"Kalamsé"}, ["koa"] = {"Konomala"}, ["koc"] = {"Kpati"}, ["kod"] = {"Kodi"}, ["koe"] = {"Kacipo-Bale Suri"}, ["kof"] = {"Kubi"}, ["kog"] = {"Cogui", "Kogi"}, ["koh"] = {"Koyo"}, ["koi"] = {"Komi-Permyak"}, ["kok"] = {"Konkani (macrolanguage)"}, ["kol"] = {"Kol (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["koo"] = {"Konzo"}, ["kop"] = {"Waube"}, ["koq"] = {"Kota (Gabon)"}, ["kos"] = {"Kosraean"}, ["kot"] = {"Lagwan"}, ["kou"] = {"Koke"}, ["kov"] = {"Kudu-Camo"}, ["kow"] = {"Kugama"}, ["koy"] = {"Koyukon"}, ["koz"] = {"Korak"}, ["kpa"] = {"Kutto"}, ["kpb"] = {"Mullu Kurumba"}, ["kpc"] = {"Curripaco"}, ["kpd"] = {"Koba"}, ["kpe"] = {"Kpelle"}, ["kpf"] = {"Komba"}, ["kpg"] = {"Kapingamarangi"}, ["kph"] = {"Kplang"}, ["kpi"] = {"Kofei"}, ["kpj"] = {"Karajá"}, ["kpk"] = {"Kpan"}, ["kpl"] = {"Kpala"}, ["kpm"] = {"Koho"}, ["kpn"] = {"Kepkiriwát"}, ["kpo"] = {"Ikposo"}, ["kpq"] = {"Korupun-Sela"}, ["kpr"] = {"Korafe-Yegha"}, ["kps"] = {"Tehit"}, ["kpt"] = {"Karata"}, ["kpu"] = {"Kafoa"}, ["kpv"] = {"Komi-Zyrian"}, ["kpw"] = {"Kobon"}, ["kpx"] = {"Mountain Koiali"}, ["kpy"] = {"Koryak"}, ["kpz"] = {"Kupsabiny"}, ["kqa"] = {"Mum"}, ["kqb"] = {"Kovai"}, ["kqc"] = {"Doromu-Koki"}, ["kqd"] = {"Koy Sanjaq Surat"}, ["kqe"] = {"Kalagan"}, ["kqf"] = {"Kakabai"}, ["kqg"] = {"Khe"}, ["kqh"] = {"Kisankasa"}, ["kqi"] = {"Koitabu"}, ["kqj"] = {"Koromira"}, ["kqk"] = {"Kotafon Gbe"}, ["kql"] = {"Kyenele"}, ["kqm"] = {"Khisa"}, ["kqn"] = {"Kaonde"}, ["kqo"] = {"Eastern Krahn"}, ["kqp"] = {"Kimré"}, ["kqq"] = {"Krenak"}, ["kqr"] = {"Kimaragang"}, ["kqs"] = {"Northern Kissi"}, ["kqt"] = {"Klias River Kadazan"}, ["kqu"] = {"Seroa"}, ["kqv"] = {"Okolod"}, ["kqw"] = {"Kandas"}, ["kqx"] = {"Mser"}, ["kqy"] = {"Koorete"}, ["kqz"] = {"Korana"}, ["kra"] = {"Kumhali"}, ["krb"] = {"Karkin"}, ["krc"] = {"Карачай-Балкар"}, ["krd"] = {"Kairui-Midiki"}, ["kre"] = {"Panará"}, ["krf"] = {"Koro (Vanuatu)"}, ["krh"] = {"Kurama"}, ["kri"] = {"Krio"}, ["krj"] = {"Kinaray-A"}, ["krk"] = {"Kerek"}, ["krl"] = {"Karelian"}, ["krn"] = {"Sapo"}, ["kro"] = {"Kru languages"}, ["krp"] = {"Korop"}, ["krr"] = {"Krung"}, ["krs"] = {"Gbaya (Sudan)"}, ["krt"] = {"Tumari Kanuri"}, ["kru"] = {"Kurukh"}, ["krv"] = {"Kavet"}, ["krw"] = {"Western Krahn"}, ["krx"] = {"Karon"}, ["kry"] = {"Kryts"}, ["krz"] = {"Sota Kanum"}, ["ksa"] = {"Shuwa-Zamani"}, ["ksb"] = {"Shambala"}, ["ksc"] = {"Southern Kalinga"}, ["ksd"] = {"Kuanua"}, ["kse"] = {"Kuni"}, ["ksf"] = {"Bafia"}, ["ksg"] = {"Kusaghe"}, ["ksh"] = {"Кёльн"}, ["ksi"] = {"Krisa", "I'saka"}, ["ksj"] = {"Uare"}, ["ksk"] = {"Kansa"}, ["ksl"] = {"Kumalu"}, ["ksm"] = {"Kumba"}, ["ksn"] = {"Kasiguranin"}, ["kso"] = {"Kofa"}, ["ksp"] = {"Kaba"}, ["ksq"] = {"Kwaami"}, ["ksr"] = {"Borong"}, ["kss"] = {"Southern Kisi"}, ["kst"] = {"Winyé"}, ["ksu"] = {"Khamyang"}, ["ksv"] = {"Kusu"}, ["ksw"] = {"S'gaw Karen"}, ["ksx"] = {"Kedang"}, ["ksy"] = {"Kharia Thar"}, ["ksz"] = {"Kodaku"}, ["kta"] = {"Katua"}, ["ktb"] = {"Kambaata"}, ["ktc"] = {"Kholok"}, ["ktd"] = {"Kokata", "Kukatha"}, ["kte"] = {"Nubri"}, ["ktf"] = {"Kwami"}, ["ktg"] = {"Kalkutung"}, ["kth"] = {"Karanga"}, ["kti"] = {"North Muyu"}, ["ktj"] = {"Plapo Krumen"}, ["ktk"] = {"Kaniet"}, ["ktl"] = {"Koroshi"}, ["ktm"] = {"Kurti"}, ["ktn"] = {"Karitiâna"}, ["kto"] = {"Kuot"}, ["ktp"] = {"Kaduo"}, ["ktq"] = {"Katabaga"}, ["kts"] = {"South Muyu"}, ["ktt"] = {"Ketum"}, ["ktu"] = {"Kituba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["ktv"] = {"Eastern Katu"}, ["ktw"] = {"Kato"}, ["ktx"] = {"Kaxararí"}, ["kty"] = {"Kango (Bas-Uélé District)"}, ["ktz"] = {"Juǀʼhoan", "Juǀʼhoansi"}, ["kub"] = {"Kutep"}, ["kuc"] = {"Kwinsu"}, ["kud"] = {"'Auhelawa"}, ["kue"] = {"Kuman (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kuf"] = {"Western Katu"}, ["kug"] = {"Kupa"}, ["kuh"] = {"Kushi"}, ["kui"] = {"Kuikúro-Kalapálo", "Kalapalo"}, ["kuj"] = {"Kuria"}, ["kuk"] = {"Kepo'"}, ["kul"] = {"Kulere"}, ["kum"] = {"Кумык"}, ["kun"] = {"Kunama"}, ["kuo"] = {"Kumukio"}, ["kup"] = {"Kunimaipa"}, ["kuq"] = {"Karipuna"}, ["kus"] = {"Kusaal"}, ["kut"] = {"Kutenai"}, ["kuu"] = {"Upper Kuskokwim"}, ["kuv"] = {"Kur"}, ["kuw"] = {"Kpagua"}, ["kux"] = {"Kukatja"}, ["kuy"] = {"Kuuku-Ya'u"}, ["kuz"] = {"Kunza"}, ["kva"] = {"Bagvalal"}, ["kvb"] = {"Kubu"}, ["kvc"] = {"Kove"}, ["kvd"] = {"Kui (Indonesia)"}, ["kve"] = {"Kalabakan"}, ["kvf"] = {"Kabalai"}, ["kvg"] = {"Kuni-Boazi"}, ["kvh"] = {"Komodo"}, ["kvi"] = {"Kwang"}, ["kvj"] = {"Psikye"}, ["kvk"] = {"Korean Sign Language"}, ["kvl"] = {"Kayaw"}, ["kvm"] = {"Kendem"}, ["kvn"] = {"Border Kuna"}, ["kvo"] = {"Dobel"}, ["kvp"] = {"Kompane"}, ["kvq"] = {"Geba Karen"}, ["kvr"] = {"Kerinci"}, ["kvt"] = {"Lahta Karen", "Lahta"}, ["kvu"] = {"Yinbaw Karen"}, ["kvv"] = {"Kola"}, ["kvw"] = {"Wersing"}, ["kvx"] = {"Parkari Koli"}, ["kvy"] = {"Yintale Karen", "Yintale"}, ["kvz"] = {"Tsakwambo", "Tsaukambo"}, ["kwa"] = {"Dâw"}, ["kwb"] = {"Kwa"}, ["kwc"] = {"Likwala"}, ["kwd"] = {"Kwaio"}, ["kwe"] = {"Kwerba"}, ["kwf"] = {"Kwara'ae"}, ["kwg"] = {"Sara Kaba Deme"}, ["kwh"] = {"Kowiai"}, ["kwi"] = {"Awa-Cuaiquer"}, ["kwj"] = {"Kwanga"}, ["kwk"] = {"Kwakiutl"}, ["kwl"] = {"Kofyar"}, ["kwm"] = {"Kwambi"}, ["kwn"] = {"Квангали"}, ["kwo"] = {"Kwomtari"}, ["kwp"] = {"Kodia"}, ["kwr"] = {"Kwer"}, ["kws"] = {"Kwese"}, ["kwt"] = {"Kwesten"}, ["kwu"] = {"Kwakum"}, ["kwv"] = {"Sara Kaba Náà"}, ["kww"] = {"Kwinti"}, ["kwx"] = {"Khirwar"}, ["kwy"] = {"San Salvador Kongo"}, ["kwz"] = {"Kwadi"}, ["kxa"] = {"Kairiru"}, ["kxb"] = {"Krobu"}, ["kxc"] = {"Konso", "Khonso"}, ["kxd"] = {"Brunei"}, ["kxf"] = {"Manumanaw Karen", "Manumanaw"}, ["kxh"] = {"Karo (Ethiopia)"}, ["kxi"] = {"Keningau Murut"}, ["kxj"] = {"Kulfa"}, ["kxk"] = {"Zayein Karen"}, ["kxm"] = {"Northern Khmer"}, ["kxn"] = {"Kanowit-Tanjong Melanau"}, ["kxo"] = {"Kanoé"}, ["kxp"] = {"Wadiyara Koli"}, ["kxq"] = {"Smärky Kanum"}, ["kxr"] = {"Koro (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["kxs"] = {"Kangjia"}, ["kxt"] = {"Koiwat"}, ["kxv"] = {"Kuvi"}, ["kxw"] = {"Konai"}, ["kxx"] = {"Likuba"}, ["kxy"] = {"Kayong"}, ["kxz"] = {"Kerewo"}, ["kya"] = {"Kwaya"}, ["kyb"] = {"Butbut Kalinga"}, ["kyc"] = {"Kyaka"}, ["kyd"] = {"Karey"}, ["kye"] = {"Krache"}, ["kyf"] = {"Kouya"}, ["kyg"] = {"Keyagana"}, ["kyh"] = {"Karok"}, ["kyi"] = {"Kiput"}, ["kyj"] = {"Karao"}, ["kyk"] = {"Kamayo"}, ["kyl"] = {"Kalapuya"}, ["kym"] = {"Kpatili"}, ["kyn"] = {"Northern Binukidnon"}, ["kyo"] = {"Kelon"}, ["kyp"] = {"Kang"}, ["kyq"] = {"Kenga"}, ["kyr"] = {"Kuruáya"}, ["kys"] = {"Baram Kayan"}, ["kyt"] = {"Kayagar"}, ["kyu"] = {"Western Kayah"}, ["kyv"] = {"Kayort"}, ["kyw"] = {"Kudmali"}, ["kyx"] = {"Rapoisi"}, ["kyy"] = {"Kambaira"}, ["kyz"] = {"Kayabí"}, ["kza"] = {"Western Karaboro"}, ["kzb"] = {"Kaibobo"}, ["kzc"] = {"Bondoukou Kulango"}, ["kzd"] = {"Kadai"}, ["kze"] = {"Kosena"}, ["kzf"] = {"Da'a Kaili"}, ["kzg"] = {"Kikai"}, ["kzi"] = {"Kelabit"}, ["kzk"] = {"Kazukuru"}, ["kzl"] = {"Kayeli"}, ["kzm"] = {"Kais"}, ["kzn"] = {"Kokola"}, ["kzo"] = {"Kaningi"}, ["kzp"] = {"Kaidipang"}, ["kzq"] = {"Kaike"}, ["kzr"] = {"Karang"}, ["kzs"] = {"Sugut Dusun"}, ["kzu"] = {"Kayupulau"}, ["kzv"] = {"Komyandaret"}, ["kzw"] = {"Karirí-Xocó"}, ["kzx"] = {"Kamarian"}, ["kzy"] = {"Kango (Tshopo District)"}, ["kzz"] = {"Kalabra"}, ["laa"] = {"Southern Subanen"}, ["lab"] = {"Linear A"}, ["lac"] = {"Lacandon"}, ["lad"] = {"Ladino"}, ["lae"] = {"Pattani"}, ["laf"] = {"Lafofa"}, ["lag"] = {"Langi"}, ["lah"] = {"Lahnda"}, ["lai"] = {"Lambya"}, ["laj"] = {"Lango (Uganda)"}, ["lak"] = {"Laka (Nigeria)"}, ["lal"] = {"Lalia"}, ["lam"] = {"Lamba"}, ["lan"] = {"Laru"}, ["lap"] = {"Laka (Chad)"}, ["laq"] = {"Qabiao"}, ["lar"] = {"Larteh"}, ["las"] = {"Lama (Togo)"}, ["lau"] = {"Laba"}, ["law"] = {"Lauje"}, ["lax"] = {"Tiwa"}, ["lay"] = {"Lama Bai"}, ["laz"] = {"Aribwatsa"}, ["lbb"] = {"Label"}, ["lbc"] = {"Lakkia"}, ["lbe"] = {"Лак"}, ["lbf"] = {"Tinani"}, ["lbg"] = {"Laopang"}, ["lbi"] = {"La'bi"}, ["lbj"] = {"Ladakhi"}, ["lbk"] = {"Central Bontok"}, ["lbl"] = {"Libon Bikol"}, ["lbm"] = {"Lodhi"}, ["lbn"] = {"Rmeet"}, ["lbo"] = {"Laven"}, ["lbq"] = {"Wampar"}, ["lbr"] = {"Lohorung"}, ["lbs"] = {"Libyan Sign Language"}, ["lbt"] = {"Lachi"}, ["lbu"] = {"Labu"}, ["lbv"] = {"Lavatbura-Lamusong"}, ["lbw"] = {"Tolaki"}, ["lbx"] = {"Lawangan"}, ["lby"] = {"Lamalama", "Lamu-Lamu"}, ["lbz"] = {"Lardil"}, ["lcc"] = {"Legenyem"}, ["lcd"] = {"Lola"}, ["lce"] = {"Loncong", "Sekak"}, ["lcf"] = {"Lubu"}, ["lch"] = {"Luchazi"}, ["lcl"] = {"Lisela"}, ["lcm"] = {"Tungag"}, ["lcp"] = {"Western Lawa"}, ["lcq"] = {"Luhu"}, ["lcs"] = {"Lisabata-Nuniali"}, ["lda"] = {"Kla-Dan"}, ["ldb"] = {"Dũya"}, ["ldd"] = {"Luri"}, ["ldg"] = {"Lenyima"}, ["ldh"] = {"Lamja-Dengsa-Tola"}, ["ldi"] = {"Laari"}, ["ldj"] = {"Lemoro"}, ["ldk"] = {"Leelau"}, ["ldl"] = {"Kaan"}, ["ldm"] = {"Landoma"}, ["ldn"] = {"Láadan"}, ["ldo"] = {"Loo"}, ["ldp"] = {"Tso"}, ["ldq"] = {"Lufu"}, ["lea"] = {"Lega-Shabunda"}, ["leb"] = {"Lala-Bisa"}, ["lec"] = {"Leco"}, ["led"] = {"Lendu"}, ["lee"] = {"Lyélé"}, ["lef"] = {"Lelemi"}, ["leh"] = {"Lenje"}, ["lei"] = {"Lemio"}, ["lej"] = {"Lengola"}, ["lek"] = {"Leipon"}, ["lel"] = {"Lele (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["lem"] = {"Nomaande"}, ["len"] = {"Lenca"}, ["leo"] = {"Leti (Cameroon)"}, ["lep"] = {"Lepcha"}, ["leq"] = {"Lembena"}, ["ler"] = {"Lenkau"}, ["les"] = {"Lese"}, ["let"] = {"Lesing-Gelimi", "Amio-Gelimi"}, ["leu"] = {"Kara (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["lev"] = {"Lamma"}, ["lew"] = {"Ledo Kaili"}, ["lex"] = {"Luang"}, ["ley"] = {"Lemolang"}, ["lez"] = {"Лезги"}, ["lfa"] = {"Lefa"}, ["lfn"] = {"Lingua Franca Nova"}, ["lga"] = {"Lungga"}, ["lgb"] = {"Laghu"}, ["lgg"] = {"Lugbara"}, ["lgh"] = {"Laghuu"}, ["lgi"] = {"Lengilu"}, ["lgk"] = {"Lingarak", "Neverver"}, ["lgl"] = {"Wala"}, ["lgm"] = {"Lega-Mwenga"}, ["lgn"] = {"T'apo", "Opuuo"}, ["lgq"] = {"Logba"}, ["lgr"] = {"Lengo"}, ["lgt"] = {"Pahi"}, ["lgu"] = {"Longgu"}, ["lgz"] = {"Ligenza"}, ["lha"] = {"Laha (Viet Nam)"}, ["lhh"] = {"Laha (Indonesia)"}, ["lhi"] = {"Lahu Shi"}, ["lhl"] = {"Lahul Lohar"}, ["lhm"] = {"Lhomi"}, ["lhn"] = {"Lahanan"}, ["lhp"] = {"Lhokpu"}, ["lhs"] = {"Mlahsö"}, ["lht"] = {"Lo-Toga"}, ["lhu"] = {"Lahu"}, ["lia"] = {"West-Central Limba"}, ["lib"] = {"Likum"}, ["lic"] = {"Hlai"}, ["lid"] = {"Nyindrou"}, ["lie"] = {"Likila"}, ["lif"] = {"Limbu"}, ["lig"] = {"Ligbi"}, ["lih"] = {"Lihir"}, ["lij"] = {"Лигур"}, ["lik"] = {"Lika"}, ["lil"] = {"Lillooet"}, ["lio"] = {"Liki"}, ["lip"] = {"Sekpele"}, ["liq"] = {"Libido"}, ["lir"] = {"Liberian English"}, ["lis"] = {"Lisu"}, ["liu"] = {"Logorik"}, ["liv"] = {"Liv"}, ["liw"] = {"Col"}, ["lix"] = {"Liabuku"}, ["liy"] = {"Banda-Bambari"}, ["liz"] = {"Libinza"}, ["lja"] = {"Golpa"}, ["lje"] = {"Rampi"}, ["lji"] = {"Laiyolo"}, ["ljl"] = {"Li'o"}, ["ljp"] = {"Lampung Api"}, ["ljw"] = {"Yirandali"}, ["ljx"] = {"Yuru"}, ["lka"] = {"Lakalei"}, ["lkb"] = {"Kabras", "Lukabaras"}, ["lkc"] = {"Kucong"}, ["lkd"] = {"Lakondê"}, ["lke"] = {"Kenyi"}, ["lkh"] = {"Lakha"}, ["lki"] = {"Laki"}, ["lkj"] = {"Remun"}, ["lkl"] = {"Laeko-Libuat"}, ["lkm"] = {"Kalaamaya"}, ["lkn"] = {"Lakon", "Vure"}, ["lko"] = {"Khayo", "Olukhayo"}, ["lkr"] = {"Päri"}, ["lks"] = {"Kisa", "Olushisa"}, ["lkt"] = {"Lakota"}, ["lku"] = {"Kungkari"}, ["lky"] = {"Lokoya"}, ["lla"] = {"Lala-Roba"}, ["llb"] = {"Lolo"}, ["llc"] = {"Lele (Guinea)"}, ["lld"] = {"Ladin"}, ["lle"] = {"Lele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["llf"] = {"Hermit"}, ["llg"] = {"Lole"}, ["llh"] = {"Lamu"}, ["lli"] = {"Teke-Laali"}, ["llj"] = {"Ladji Ladji"}, ["llk"] = {"Lelak"}, ["lll"] = {"Lilau"}, ["llm"] = {"Lasalimu"}, ["lln"] = {"Lele (Chad)"}, ["llp"] = {"North Efate"}, ["llq"] = {"Lolak"}, ["lls"] = {"Lithuanian Sign Language"}, ["llu"] = {"Lau"}, ["llx"] = {"Lauan"}, ["lma"] = {"East Limba"}, ["lmb"] = {"Merei"}, ["lmc"] = {"Limilngan"}, ["lmd"] = {"Lumun"}, ["lme"] = {"Pévé"}, ["lmf"] = {"South Lembata"}, ["lmg"] = {"Lamogai"}, ["lmh"] = {"Lambichhong"}, ["lmi"] = {"Lombi"}, ["lmj"] = {"West Lembata"}, ["lmk"] = {"Lamkang"}, ["lml"] = {"Hano"}, ["lmn"] = {"Lambadi"}, ["lmo"] = {"Ломбард"}, ["lmp"] = {"Limbum"}, ["lmq"] = {"Lamatuka"}, ["lmr"] = {"Lamalera"}, ["lmu"] = {"Lamenu"}, ["lmv"] = {"Lomaiviti"}, ["lmw"] = {"Lake Miwok"}, ["lmx"] = {"Laimbue"}, ["lmy"] = {"Lamboya"}, ["lna"] = {"Langbashe"}, ["lnb"] = {"Mbalanhu"}, ["lnd"] = {"Lundayeh", "Lun Bawang"}, ["lng"] = {"Langobardic"}, ["lnh"] = {"Lanoh"}, ["lni"] = {"Daantanai'"}, ["lnj"] = {"Leningitij"}, ["lnl"] = {"South Central Banda"}, ["lnm"] = {"Langam"}, ["lnn"] = {"Lorediakarkar"}, ["lno"] = {"Lango (South Sudan)"}, ["lns"] = {"Lamnso'"}, ["lnu"] = {"Longuda"}, ["lnw"] = {"Lanima"}, ["lnz"] = {"Lonzo"}, ["loa"] = {"Loloda"}, ["lob"] = {"Lobi"}, ["loc"] = {"Inonhan"}, ["loe"] = {"Saluan"}, ["lof"] = {"Logol"}, ["log"] = {"Logo"}, ["loh"] = {"Narim"}, ["loi"] = {"Loma (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["loj"] = {"Lou"}, ["lok"] = {"Loko"}, ["lol"] = {"Mongo"}, ["lom"] = {"Loma (Liberia)"}, ["lon"] = {"Malawi Lomwe"}, ["loo"] = {"Lombo"}, ["lop"] = {"Lopa"}, ["loq"] = {"Lobala"}, ["lor"] = {"Téén"}, ["los"] = {"Loniu"}, ["lot"] = {"Otuho"}, ["lou"] = {"Louisiana Creole"}, ["lov"] = {"Lopi"}, ["low"] = {"Tampias Lobu"}, ["lox"] = {"Loun"}, ["loy"] = {"Loke"}, ["loz"] = {"Лози"}, ["lpa"] = {"Lelepa"}, ["lpe"] = {"Lepki"}, ["lpn"] = {"Long Phuri Naga"}, ["lpo"] = {"Lipo"}, ["lpx"] = {"Lopit"}, ["lra"] = {"Rara Bakati'"}, ["lrc"] = {"Northern Luri"}, ["lre"] = {"Laurentian"}, ["lrg"] = {"Ларагия"}, ["lri"] = {"Marachi", "Olumarachi"}, ["lrk"] = {"Loarki"}, ["lrl"] = {"Lari"}, ["lrm"] = {"Marama", "Olumarama"}, ["lrn"] = {"Lorang"}, ["lro"] = {"Laro"}, ["lrr"] = {"Southern Yamphu"}, ["lrt"] = {"Larantuka Malay"}, ["lrv"] = {"Larevat"}, ["lrz"] = {"Lemerig"}, ["lsa"] = {"Lasgerdi"}, ["lsb"] = {"Burundian Sign Language", "Langue des Signes Burundaise"}, ["lsd"] = {"Lishana Deni"}, ["lse"] = {"Lusengo"}, ["lsh"] = {"Lish"}, ["lsi"] = {"Lashi"}, ["lsl"] = {"Latvian Sign Language"}, ["lsm"] = {"Saamia", "Olusamia"}, ["lsn"] = {"Tibetan Sign Language"}, ["lso"] = {"Laos Sign Language"}, ["lsp"] = {"Panamanian Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas Panameñas"}, ["lsr"] = {"Aruop"}, ["lss"] = {"Lasi"}, ["lst"] = {"Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language"}, ["lsv"] = {"Sivia Sign Language"}, ["lsy"] = {"Mauritian Sign Language"}, ["ltc"] = {"Late Middle Chinese"}, ["ltg"] = {"Латгал"}, ["lth"] = {"Thur"}, ["lti"] = {"Leti (Indonesia)"}, ["ltn"] = {"Latundê"}, ["lto"] = {"Tsotso", "Olutsotso"}, ["lts"] = {"Tachoni", "Lutachoni"}, ["ltu"] = {"Latu"}, ["lua"] = {"Luba-Lulua"}, ["luc"] = {"Aringa"}, ["lud"] = {"Ludian"}, ["lue"] = {"Luvale"}, ["luf"] = {"Laua"}, ["lui"] = {"Luiseno"}, ["luj"] = {"Luna"}, ["luk"] = {"Lunanakha"}, ["lul"] = {"Olu'bo"}, ["lum"] = {"Luimbi"}, ["lun"] = {"Lunda"}, ["luo"] = {"Luo (Kenya and Tanzania)", "Dholuo"}, ["lup"] = {"Lumbu"}, ["luq"] = {"Lucumi"}, ["lur"] = {"Laura"}, ["lus"] = {"Lushai"}, ["lut"] = {"Лушуцид"}, ["luu"] = {"Lumba-Yakkha"}, ["luv"] = {"Luwati"}, ["luw"] = {"Luo (Cameroon)"}, ["luy"] = {"Luyia", "Oluluyia"}, ["luz"] = {"Southern Luri"}, ["lva"] = {"Maku'a"}, ["lvi"] = {"Lavi"}, ["lvk"] = {"Lavukaleve"}, ["lvs"] = {"Standard Latvian"}, ["lvu"] = {"Levuka"}, ["lwa"] = {"Lwalu"}, ["lwe"] = {"Lewo Eleng"}, ["lwg"] = {"Wanga", "Oluwanga"}, ["lwh"] = {"White Lachi"}, ["lwl"] = {"Eastern Lawa"}, ["lwm"] = {"Laomian"}, ["lwo"] = {"Luwo"}, ["lws"] = {"Malawian Sign Language"}, ["lwt"] = {"Lewotobi"}, ["lwu"] = {"Lawu"}, ["lww"] = {"Lewo"}, ["lxm"] = {"Lakurumau"}, ["lya"] = {"Layakha"}, ["lyg"] = {"Lyngngam"}, ["lyn"] = {"Luyana"}, ["lzh"] = {"Literary Chinese"}, ["lzl"] = {"Litzlitz"}, ["lzn"] = {"Leinong Naga"}, ["lzz"] = {"Laz"}, ["maa"] = {"San Jerónimo Tecóatl Mazatec"}, ["mab"] = {"Yutanduchi Mixtec"}, ["mad"] = {"Madurese"}, ["mae"] = {"Bo-Rukul"}, ["maf"] = {"Mafa"}, ["mag"] = {"Magahi"}, ["mai"] = {"Maithili"}, ["maj"] = {"Jalapa De Díaz Mazatec"}, ["mak"] = {"Makasar"}, ["mam"] = {"Mam"}, ["man"] = {"Mandingo", "Manding"}, ["map"] = {"Austronesian languages"}, ["maq"] = {"Chiquihuitlán Mazatec"}, ["mas"] = {"Masai"}, ["mat"] = {"San Francisco Matlatzinca"}, ["mau"] = {"Huautla Mazatec"}, ["mav"] = {"Sateré-Mawé"}, ["maw"] = {"Mampruli"}, ["max"] = {"North Moluccan Malay"}, ["maz"] = {"Central Mazahua"}, ["mba"] = {"Higaonon"}, ["mbb"] = {"Western Bukidnon Manobo"}, ["mbc"] = {"Macushi"}, ["mbd"] = {"Dibabawon Manobo"}, ["mbe"] = {"Molale"}, ["mbf"] = {"Baba Malay"}, ["mbh"] = {"Mangseng"}, ["mbi"] = {"Ilianen Manobo"}, ["mbj"] = {"Nadëb"}, ["mbk"] = {"Malol"}, ["mbl"] = {"Maxakalí"}, ["mbm"] = {"Ombamba"}, ["mbn"] = {"Macaguán"}, ["mbo"] = {"Mbo (Cameroon)"}, ["mbp"] = {"Malayo"}, ["mbq"] = {"Maisin"}, ["mbr"] = {"Nukak Makú"}, ["mbs"] = {"Sarangani Manobo"}, ["mbt"] = {"Matigsalug Manobo"}, ["mbu"] = {"Mbula-Bwazza"}, ["mbv"] = {"Mbulungish"}, ["mbw"] = {"Maring"}, ["mbx"] = {"Mari (East Sepik Province)"}, ["mby"] = {"Memoni"}, ["mbz"] = {"Amoltepec Mixtec"}, ["mca"] = {"Maca"}, ["mcb"] = {"Machiguenga"}, ["mcc"] = {"Bitur"}, ["mcd"] = {"Sharanahua"}, ["mce"] = {"Itundujia Mixtec"}, ["mcf"] = {"Matsés"}, ["mcg"] = {"Mapoyo"}, ["mch"] = {"Maquiritari"}, ["mci"] = {"Mese"}, ["mcj"] = {"Mvanip"}, ["mck"] = {"Mbunda"}, ["mcl"] = {"Macaguaje"}, ["mcm"] = {"Malaccan Creole Portuguese"}, ["mcn"] = {"Masana"}, ["mco"] = {"Coatlán Mixe"}, ["mcp"] = {"Makaa"}, ["mcq"] = {"Ese"}, ["mcr"] = {"Menya"}, ["mcs"] = {"Mambai"}, ["mct"] = {"Mengisa"}, ["mcu"] = {"Cameroon Mambila"}, ["mcv"] = {"Minanibai"}, ["mcw"] = {"Mawa (Chad)"}, ["mcx"] = {"Mpiemo"}, ["mcy"] = {"South Watut"}, ["mcz"] = {"Mawan"}, ["mda"] = {"Mada (Nigeria)"}, ["mdb"] = {"Morigi"}, ["mdc"] = {"Male (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdd"] = {"Mbum"}, ["mde"] = {"Maba (Chad)"}, ["mdf"] = {"Moksha"}, ["mdg"] = {"Massalat"}, ["mdh"] = {"Maguindanaon"}, ["mdi"] = {"Mamvu"}, ["mdj"] = {"Mangbetu"}, ["mdk"] = {"Mangbutu"}, ["mdl"] = {"Maltese Sign Language"}, ["mdm"] = {"Mayogo"}, ["mdn"] = {"Mbati"}, ["mdp"] = {"Mbala"}, ["mdq"] = {"Mbole"}, ["mdr"] = {"Mandar"}, ["mds"] = {"Maria (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mdt"] = {"Mbere"}, ["mdu"] = {"Mboko"}, ["mdv"] = {"Santa Lucía Monteverde Mixtec"}, ["mdw"] = {"Mbosi"}, ["mdx"] = {"Dizin"}, ["mdy"] = {"Male (Ethiopia)"}, ["mdz"] = {"Suruí Do Pará"}, ["mea"] = {"Menka"}, ["meb"] = {"Ikobi"}, ["mec"] = {"Marra"}, ["med"] = {"Melpa"}, ["mee"] = {"Mengen"}, ["mef"] = {"Megam"}, ["meh"] = {"Southwestern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["mei"] = {"Midob"}, ["mej"] = {"Meyah"}, ["mek"] = {"Mekeo"}, ["mel"] = {"Central Melanau"}, ["mem"] = {"Mangala"}, ["men"] = {"Mende (Sierra Leone)"}, ["meo"] = {"Kedah Malay"}, ["mep"] = {"Miriwoong"}, ["meq"] = {"Merey"}, ["mer"] = {"Meru"}, ["mes"] = {"Masmaje"}, ["met"] = {"Mato"}, ["meu"] = {"Motu"}, ["mev"] = {"Mano"}, ["mew"] = {"Maaka"}, ["mey"] = {"Хассания"}, ["mez"] = {"Menominee"}, ["mfa"] = {"Pattani Malay"}, ["mfb"] = {"Bangka"}, ["mfc"] = {"Mba"}, ["mfd"] = {"Mendankwe-Nkwen"}, ["mfe"] = {"Маврикийн Креол"}, ["mff"] = {"Naki"}, ["mfg"] = {"Mogofin"}, ["mfh"] = {"Matal"}, ["mfi"] = {"Wandala"}, ["mfj"] = {"Mefele"}, ["mfk"] = {"North Mofu"}, ["mfl"] = {"Putai"}, ["mfm"] = {"Marghi South"}, ["mfn"] = {"Cross River Mbembe"}, ["mfo"] = {"Mbe"}, ["mfp"] = {"Makassar Malay"}, ["mfq"] = {"Moba"}, ["mfr"] = {"Marrithiyel"}, ["mfs"] = {"Mexican Sign Language"}, ["mft"] = {"Mokerang"}, ["mfu"] = {"Mbwela"}, ["mfv"] = {"Mandjak"}, ["mfw"] = {"Mulaha"}, ["mfx"] = {"Melo"}, ["mfy"] = {"Mayo"}, ["mfz"] = {"Mabaan"}, ["mga"] = {"Middle Irish (900-1200)"}, ["mgb"] = {"Mararit"}, ["mgc"] = {"Morokodo"}, ["mgd"] = {"Moru"}, ["mge"] = {"Mango"}, ["mgf"] = {"Maklew"}, ["mgg"] = {"Mpumpong"}, ["mgh"] = {"Makhuwa-Meetto"}, ["mgi"] = {"Lijili"}, ["mgj"] = {"Abureni"}, ["mgk"] = {"Mawes"}, ["mgl"] = {"Maleu-Kilenge"}, ["mgm"] = {"Mambae"}, ["mgn"] = {"Mbangi"}, ["mgo"] = {"Meta'"}, ["mgp"] = {"Eastern Magar"}, ["mgq"] = {"Malila"}, ["mgr"] = {"Mambwe-Lungu"}, ["mgs"] = {"Manda (Tanzania)"}, ["mgt"] = {"Mongol"}, ["mgu"] = {"Mailu"}, ["mgv"] = {"Matengo"}, ["mgw"] = {"Matumbi"}, ["mgy"] = {"Mbunga"}, ["mgz"] = {"Mbugwe"}, ["mha"] = {"Manda (India)"}, ["mhb"] = {"Mahongwe"}, ["mhc"] = {"Mocho"}, ["mhd"] = {"Mbugu"}, ["mhe"] = {"Besisi", "Mah Meri"}, ["mhf"] = {"Mamaa"}, ["mhg"] = {"Margu"}, ["mhi"] = {"Ma'di"}, ["mhj"] = {"Mogholi"}, ["mhk"] = {"Mungaka"}, ["mhl"] = {"Mauwake"}, ["mhm"] = {"Makhuwa-Moniga"}, ["mhn"] = {"Mócheno"}, ["mho"] = {"Mashi (Zambia)"}, ["mhp"] = {"Balinese Malay"}, ["mhq"] = {"Mandan"}, ["mhr"] = {"Eastern Mari"}, ["mhs"] = {"Buru (Indonesia)"}, ["mht"] = {"Mandahuaca"}, ["mhu"] = {"Digaro-Mishmi", "Darang Deng"}, ["mhw"] = {"Mbukushu"}, ["mhx"] = {"Maru", "Lhaovo"}, ["mhy"] = {"Ma'anyan"}, ["mhz"] = {"Mor (Mor Islands)"}, ["mia"] = {"Майами"}, ["mib"] = {"Atatláhuca Mixtec"}, ["mic"] = {"Mi'kmaq", "Micmac"}, ["mid"] = {"Mandaic"}, ["mie"] = {"Ocotepec Mixtec"}, ["mif"] = {"Mofu-Gudur"}, ["mig"] = {"San Miguel El Grande Mixtec"}, ["mih"] = {"Chayuco Mixtec"}, ["mii"] = {"Chigmecatitlán Mixtec"}, ["mij"] = {"Abar", "Mungbam"}, ["mik"] = {"Mikasuki"}, ["mil"] = {"Peñoles Mixtec"}, ["mim"] = {"Alacatlatzala Mixtec"}, ["min"] = {"Minangkabau"}, ["mio"] = {"Pinotepa Nacional Mixtec"}, ["mip"] = {"Apasco-Apoala Mixtec"}, ["miq"] = {"Mískito"}, ["mir"] = {"Isthmus Mixe"}, ["mis"] = {"Кодлогдоогүй хэлнүүд"}, ["mit"] = {"Southern Puebla Mixtec"}, ["miu"] = {"Cacaloxtepec Mixtec"}, ["miw"] = {"Akoye"}, ["mix"] = {"Mixtepec Mixtec"}, ["miy"] = {"Ayutla Mixtec"}, ["miz"] = {"Coatzospan Mixtec"}, ["mjb"] = {"Makalero"}, ["mjc"] = {"San Juan Colorado Mixtec"}, ["mjd"] = {"Northwest Maidu"}, ["mje"] = {"Muskum"}, ["mjg"] = {"Tu"}, ["mjh"] = {"Mwera (Nyasa)"}, ["mji"] = {"Kim Mun"}, ["mjj"] = {"Mawak"}, ["mjk"] = {"Matukar"}, ["mjl"] = {"Mandeali"}, ["mjm"] = {"Medebur"}, ["mjn"] = {"Ma (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mjo"] = {"Malankuravan"}, ["mjp"] = {"Malapandaram"}, ["mjq"] = {"Malaryan"}, ["mjr"] = {"Malavedan"}, ["mjs"] = {"Miship"}, ["mjt"] = {"Sauria Paharia"}, ["mju"] = {"Manna-Dora"}, ["mjv"] = {"Mannan"}, ["mjw"] = {"Karbi"}, ["mjx"] = {"Mahali"}, ["mjy"] = {"Mahican"}, ["mjz"] = {"Majhi"}, ["mka"] = {"Mbre"}, ["mkb"] = {"Mal Paharia"}, ["mkc"] = {"Siliput"}, ["mke"] = {"Mawchi"}, ["mkf"] = {"Miya"}, ["mkg"] = {"Mak (China)"}, ["mkh"] = {"Mon-Khmer languages"}, ["mki"] = {"Dhatki"}, ["mkj"] = {"Mokilese"}, ["mkk"] = {"Byep"}, ["mkl"] = {"Mokole"}, ["mkm"] = {"Moklen"}, ["mkn"] = {"Kupang Malay"}, ["mko"] = {"Mingang Doso"}, ["mkp"] = {"Moikodi"}, ["mkq"] = {"Bay Miwok"}, ["mkr"] = {"Malas"}, ["mks"] = {"Silacayoapan Mixtec"}, ["mkt"] = {"Vamale"}, ["mku"] = {"Konyanka Maninka"}, ["mkv"] = {"Mafea"}, ["mkw"] = {"Китуба (Конго)"}, ["mkx"] = {"Kinamiging Manobo"}, ["mky"] = {"East Makian"}, ["mkz"] = {"Makasae"}, ["mla"] = {"Malo"}, ["mlb"] = {"Mbule"}, ["mlc"] = {"Cao Lan"}, ["mle"] = {"Manambu"}, ["mlf"] = {"Mal"}, ["mlh"] = {"Mape"}, ["mli"] = {"Malimpung"}, ["mlj"] = {"Miltu"}, ["mlk"] = {"Ilwana", "Kiwilwana"}, ["mll"] = {"Malua Bay"}, ["mlm"] = {"Mulam"}, ["mln"] = {"Malango"}, ["mlo"] = {"Mlomp"}, ["mlp"] = {"Bargam"}, ["mlq"] = {"Western Maninkakan"}, ["mlr"] = {"Vame"}, ["mls"] = {"Masalit"}, ["mlu"] = {"To'abaita"}, ["mlv"] = {"Motlav", "Mwotlap"}, ["mlw"] = {"Moloko"}, ["mlx"] = {"Malfaxal", "Naha'ai"}, ["mlz"] = {"Malaynon"}, ["mma"] = {"Mama"}, ["mmb"] = {"Momina"}, ["mmc"] = {"Michoacán Mazahua"}, ["mmd"] = {"Maonan"}, ["mme"] = {"Mae"}, ["mmf"] = {"Mundat"}, ["mmg"] = {"North Ambrym"}, ["mmh"] = {"Mehináku"}, ["mmi"] = {"Musar"}, ["mmj"] = {"Majhwar"}, ["mmk"] = {"Mukha-Dora"}, ["mml"] = {"Man Met"}, ["mmm"] = {"Maii"}, ["mmn"] = {"Mamanwa"}, ["mmo"] = {"Mangga Buang"}, ["mmp"] = {"Siawi"}, ["mmq"] = {"Musak"}, ["mmr"] = {"Western Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mmt"] = {"Malalamai"}, ["mmu"] = {"Mmaala"}, ["mmv"] = {"Miriti"}, ["mmw"] = {"Emae"}, ["mmx"] = {"Madak"}, ["mmy"] = {"Migaama"}, ["mmz"] = {"Mabaale"}, ["mna"] = {"Mbula"}, ["mnb"] = {"Muna"}, ["mnc"] = {"Манж"}, ["mnd"] = {"Mondé"}, ["mne"] = {"Naba"}, ["mnf"] = {"Mundani"}, ["mng"] = {"Eastern Mnong"}, ["mnh"] = {"Mono (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["mni"] = {"Манипури"}, ["mnj"] = {"Munji"}, ["mnk"] = {"Мандинка"}, ["mnl"] = {"Tiale"}, ["mnm"] = {"Mapena"}, ["mnn"] = {"Southern Mnong"}, ["mno"] = {"Manobo languages"}, ["mnp"] = {"Min Bei Chinese"}, ["mnq"] = {"Minriq"}, ["mnr"] = {"Mono (USA)"}, ["mns"] = {"Mansi"}, ["mnu"] = {"Mer"}, ["mnv"] = {"Rennell-Bellona"}, ["mnw"] = {"Mon"}, ["mnx"] = {"Manikion"}, ["mny"] = {"Manyawa"}, ["mnz"] = {"Moni"}, ["moa"] = {"Mwan"}, ["moc"] = {"Mocoví"}, ["mod"] = {"Mobilian"}, ["moe"] = {"Innu", "Montagnais"}, ["mog"] = {"Mongondow"}, ["moh"] = {"Mohawk"}, ["moi"] = {"Mboi"}, ["moj"] = {"Monzombo"}, ["mok"] = {"Morori"}, ["mom"] = {"Mangue"}, ["moo"] = {"Monom"}, ["mop"] = {"Mopán Maya"}, ["moq"] = {"Mor (Bomberai Peninsula)"}, ["mor"] = {"Moro"}, ["mos"] = {"Мооре"}, ["mot"] = {"Barí"}, ["mou"] = {"Mogum"}, ["mov"] = {"Mohave"}, ["mow"] = {"Moi (Congo)"}, ["mox"] = {"Molima"}, ["moy"] = {"Shekkacho"}, ["moz"] = {"Mukulu", "Gergiko"}, ["mpa"] = {"Mpoto"}, ["mpb"] = {"Malak Malak", "Mullukmulluk"}, ["mpc"] = {"Mangarrayi"}, ["mpd"] = {"Machinere"}, ["mpe"] = {"Majang"}, ["mpg"] = {"Marba"}, ["mph"] = {"Maung"}, ["mpi"] = {"Mpade"}, ["mpj"] = {"Martu Wangka", "Wangkajunga"}, ["mpk"] = {"Mbara (Chad)"}, ["mpl"] = {"Middle Watut"}, ["mpm"] = {"Yosondúa Mixtec"}, ["mpn"] = {"Mindiri"}, ["mpo"] = {"Miu"}, ["mpp"] = {"Migabac"}, ["mpq"] = {"Matís"}, ["mpr"] = {"Vangunu"}, ["mps"] = {"Dadibi"}, ["mpt"] = {"Mian"}, ["mpu"] = {"Makuráp"}, ["mpv"] = {"Mungkip"}, ["mpw"] = {"Mapidian"}, ["mpx"] = {"Misima-Panaeati"}, ["mpy"] = {"Mapia"}, ["mpz"] = {"Mpi"}, ["mqa"] = {"Maba (Indonesia)"}, ["mqb"] = {"Mbuko"}, ["mqc"] = {"Mangole"}, ["mqe"] = {"Matepi"}, ["mqf"] = {"Momuna"}, ["mqg"] = {"Kota Bangun Kutai Malay"}, ["mqh"] = {"Tlazoyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["mqi"] = {"Mariri"}, ["mqj"] = {"Mamasa"}, ["mqk"] = {"Rajah Kabunsuwan Manobo"}, ["mql"] = {"Mbelime"}, ["mqm"] = {"South Marquesan"}, ["mqn"] = {"Moronene"}, ["mqo"] = {"Modole"}, ["mqp"] = {"Manipa"}, ["mqq"] = {"Minokok"}, ["mqr"] = {"Mander"}, ["mqs"] = {"West Makian"}, ["mqt"] = {"Mok"}, ["mqu"] = {"Mandari"}, ["mqv"] = {"Mosimo"}, ["mqw"] = {"Murupi"}, ["mqx"] = {"Mamuju"}, ["mqy"] = {"Manggarai"}, ["mqz"] = {"Pano"}, ["mra"] = {"Mlabri"}, ["mrb"] = {"Marino"}, ["mrc"] = {"Maricopa"}, ["mrd"] = {"Western Magar"}, ["mre"] = {"Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"}, ["mrf"] = {"Elseng"}, ["mrg"] = {"Mising"}, ["mrh"] = {"Mara Chin"}, ["mrj"] = {"Western Mari"}, ["mrk"] = {"Hmwaveke"}, ["mrl"] = {"Mortlockese"}, ["mrm"] = {"Merlav", "Mwerlap"}, ["mrn"] = {"Cheke Holo"}, ["mro"] = {"Mru"}, ["mrp"] = {"Morouas"}, ["mrq"] = {"North Marquesan"}, ["mrr"] = {"Maria (India)"}, ["mrs"] = {"Maragus"}, ["mrt"] = {"Marghi Central"}, ["mru"] = {"Mono (Cameroon)"}, ["mrv"] = {"Mangareva"}, ["mrw"] = {"Maranao"}, ["mrx"] = {"Maremgi", "Dineor"}, ["mry"] = {"Mandaya"}, ["mrz"] = {"Marind"}, ["msb"] = {"Masbatenyo"}, ["msc"] = {"Sankaran Maninka"}, ["msd"] = {"Yucatec Maya Sign Language"}, ["mse"] = {"Musey"}, ["msf"] = {"Mekwei"}, ["msg"] = {"Moraid"}, ["msh"] = {"Masikoro Malagasy"}, ["msi"] = {"Sabah Malay"}, ["msj"] = {"Ma (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["msk"] = {"Mansaka"}, ["msl"] = {"Molof", "Poule"}, ["msm"] = {"Agusan Manobo"}, ["msn"] = {"Vurës"}, ["mso"] = {"Mombum"}, ["msp"] = {"Maritsauá"}, ["msq"] = {"Caac"}, ["msr"] = {"Mongolian Sign Language"}, ["mss"] = {"West Masela"}, ["msu"] = {"Musom"}, ["msv"] = {"Maslam"}, ["msw"] = {"Mansoanka"}, ["msx"] = {"Moresada"}, ["msy"] = {"Aruamu"}, ["msz"] = {"Momare"}, ["mta"] = {"Cotabato Manobo"}, ["mtb"] = {"Anyin Morofo"}, ["mtc"] = {"Munit"}, ["mtd"] = {"Mualang"}, ["mte"] = {"Mono (Solomon Islands)"}, ["mtf"] = {"Murik (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtg"] = {"Una"}, ["mth"] = {"Munggui"}, ["mti"] = {"Maiwa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["mtj"] = {"Moskona"}, ["mtk"] = {"Mbe'"}, ["mtl"] = {"Montol"}, ["mtm"] = {"Mator"}, ["mtn"] = {"Matagalpa"}, ["mto"] = {"Totontepec Mixe"}, ["mtp"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Nocten"}, ["mtq"] = {"Muong"}, ["mtr"] = {"Mewari"}, ["mts"] = {"Yora"}, ["mtt"] = {"Mota"}, ["mtu"] = {"Tututepec Mixtec"}, ["mtv"] = {"Asaro'o"}, ["mtw"] = {"Southern Binukidnon"}, ["mtx"] = {"Tidaá Mixtec"}, ["mty"] = {"Nabi"}, ["mua"] = {"Mundang"}, ["mub"] = {"Mubi"}, ["muc"] = {"Ajumbu"}, ["mud"] = {"Mednyj Aleut"}, ["mue"] = {"Media Lengua"}, ["mug"] = {"Musgu"}, ["muh"] = {"Mündü"}, ["mui"] = {"Musi"}, ["muj"] = {"Mabire"}, ["muk"] = {"Mugom"}, ["mul"] = {"Multiple languages"}, ["mum"] = {"Maiwala"}, ["mun"] = {"Munda languages"}, ["muo"] = {"Nyong"}, ["mup"] = {"Malvi"}, ["muq"] = {"Eastern Xiangxi Miao"}, ["mur"] = {"Murle"}, ["mus"] = {"Creek"}, ["mut"] = {"Western Muria"}, ["muu"] = {"Yaaku"}, ["muv"] = {"Muthuvan"}, ["mux"] = {"Bo-Ung"}, ["muy"] = {"Muyang"}, ["muz"] = {"Mursi"}, ["mva"] = {"Manam"}, ["mvb"] = {"Mattole"}, ["mvd"] = {"Mamboru"}, ["mve"] = {"Marwari (Pakistan)"}, ["mvf"] = {"Peripheral Mongolian"}, ["mvg"] = {"Yucuañe Mixtec"}, ["mvh"] = {"Mulgi"}, ["mvi"] = {"Miyako"}, ["mvk"] = {"Mekmek"}, ["mvl"] = {"Mbara (Australia)"}, ["mvn"] = {"Minaveha"}, ["mvo"] = {"Marovo"}, ["mvp"] = {"Duri"}, ["mvq"] = {"Moere"}, ["mvr"] = {"Marau"}, ["mvs"] = {"Massep"}, ["mvt"] = {"Mpotovoro"}, ["mvu"] = {"Marfa"}, ["mvv"] = {"Tagal Murut"}, ["mvw"] = {"Machinga"}, ["mvx"] = {"Meoswar"}, ["mvy"] = {"Indus Kohistani"}, ["mvz"] = {"Mesqan"}, ["mwa"] = {"Mwatebu"}, ["mwb"] = {"Juwal"}, ["mwc"] = {"Are"}, ["mwe"] = {"Mwera (Chimwera)"}, ["mwf"] = {"Murrinh-Patha"}, ["mwg"] = {"Aiklep"}, ["mwh"] = {"Mouk-Aria"}, ["mwi"] = {"Labo", "Ninde"}, ["mwk"] = {"Kita Maninkakan"}, ["mwl"] = {"Mirandese"}, ["mwm"] = {"Sar"}, ["mwn"] = {"Nyamwanga"}, ["mwo"] = {"Central Maewo"}, ["mwp"] = {"Kala Lagaw Ya"}, ["mwq"] = {"Mün Chin"}, ["mwr"] = {"Marwari"}, ["mws"] = {"Mwimbi-Muthambi"}, ["mwt"] = {"Moken"}, ["mwu"] = {"Mittu"}, ["mwv"] = {"Mentawai"}, ["mww"] = {"Hmong Daw"}, ["mwz"] = {"Moingi"}, ["mxa"] = {"Northwest Oaxaca Mixtec"}, ["mxb"] = {"Tezoatlán Mixtec"}, ["mxc"] = {"Manyika"}, ["mxd"] = {"Modang"}, ["mxe"] = {"Mele-Fila"}, ["mxf"] = {"Malgbe"}, ["mxg"] = {"Mbangala"}, ["mxh"] = {"Mvuba"}, ["mxi"] = {"Mozarabic"}, ["mxj"] = {"Miju-Mishmi", "Geman Deng"}, ["mxk"] = {"Monumbo"}, ["mxl"] = {"Maxi Gbe"}, ["mxm"] = {"Meramera"}, ["mxn"] = {"Moi (Indonesia)"}, ["mxo"] = {"Mbowe"}, ["mxp"] = {"Tlahuitoltepec Mixe"}, ["mxq"] = {"Juquila Mixe"}, ["mxr"] = {"Murik (Malaysia)"}, ["mxs"] = {"Huitepec Mixtec"}, ["mxt"] = {"Jamiltepec Mixtec"}, ["mxu"] = {"Mada (Cameroon)"}, ["mxv"] = {"Metlatónoc Mixtec"}, ["mxw"] = {"Namo"}, ["mxx"] = {"Mahou", "Mawukakan"}, ["mxy"] = {"Southeastern Nochixtlán Mixtec"}, ["mxz"] = {"Central Masela"}, ["myb"] = {"Mbay"}, ["myc"] = {"Mayeka"}, ["mye"] = {"Myene"}, ["myf"] = {"Bambassi"}, ["myg"] = {"Manta"}, ["myh"] = {"Makah"}, ["myj"] = {"Mangayat"}, ["myk"] = {"Mamara Senoufo"}, ["myl"] = {"Moma"}, ["mym"] = {"Me'en"}, ["myn"] = {"Mayan languages"}, ["myo"] = {"Anfillo"}, ["myp"] = {"Pirahã"}, ["myr"] = {"Muniche"}, ["mys"] = {"Mesmes"}, ["myu"] = {"Mundurukú"}, ["myv"] = {"Erzya"}, ["myw"] = {"Muyuw"}, ["myx"] = {"Масаба"}, ["myy"] = {"Macuna"}, ["myz"] = {"Classical Mandaic"}, ["mza"] = {"Santa María Zacatepec Mixtec"}, ["mzb"] = {"Tumzabt"}, ["mzc"] = {"Madagascar Sign Language"}, ["mzd"] = {"Malimba"}, ["mze"] = {"Morawa"}, ["mzg"] = {"Monastic Sign Language"}, ["mzh"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Güisnay"}, ["mzi"] = {"Ixcatlán Mazatec"}, ["mzj"] = {"Manya"}, ["mzk"] = {"Nigeria Mambila"}, ["mzl"] = {"Mazatlán Mixe"}, ["mzm"] = {"Mumuye"}, ["mzn"] = {"Mazanderani"}, ["mzo"] = {"Matipuhy"}, ["mzp"] = {"Movima"}, ["mzq"] = {"Mori Atas"}, ["mzr"] = {"Marúbo"}, ["mzs"] = {"Macanese"}, ["mzt"] = {"Mintil"}, ["mzu"] = {"Inapang"}, ["mzv"] = {"Manza"}, ["mzw"] = {"Deg"}, ["mzx"] = {"Mawayana"}, ["mzy"] = {"Mozambican Sign Language"}, ["mzz"] = {"Maiadomu"}, ["naa"] = {"Namla"}, ["nab"] = {"Southern Nambikuára"}, ["nac"] = {"Narak"}, ["nae"] = {"Naka'ela"}, ["naf"] = {"Nabak"}, ["nag"] = {"Naga Pidgin"}, ["nah"] = {"Nahuatl languages"}, ["nai"] = {"North American Indian languages"}, ["naj"] = {"Nalu"}, ["nak"] = {"Nakanai"}, ["nal"] = {"Nalik"}, ["nam"] = {"Ngan'gityemerri"}, ["nan"] = {"Min Nan Chinese"}, ["nao"] = {"Naaba"}, ["nap"] = {"Neapolitan"}, ["naq"] = {"Хоехое", "Нама (Намиби)"}, ["nar"] = {"Iguta"}, ["nas"] = {"Naasioi"}, ["nat"] = {"Ca̱hungwa̱rya̱", "Hungworo"}, ["naw"] = {"Nawuri"}, ["nax"] = {"Nakwi"}, ["nay"] = {"Ngarrindjeri"}, ["naz"] = {"Coatepec Nahuatl"}, ["nba"] = {"Nyemba"}, ["nbb"] = {"Ndoe"}, ["nbc"] = {"Chang Naga"}, ["nbd"] = {"Ngbinda"}, ["nbe"] = {"Konyak Naga"}, ["nbg"] = {"Nagarchal"}, ["nbh"] = {"Ngamo"}, ["nbi"] = {"Mao Naga"}, ["nbj"] = {"Ngarinyman"}, ["nbk"] = {"Nake"}, ["nbm"] = {"Ngbaka Ma'bo"}, ["nbn"] = {"Kuri"}, ["nbo"] = {"Nkukoli"}, ["nbp"] = {"Nnam"}, ["nbq"] = {"Nggem"}, ["nbr"] = {"Numana"}, ["nbs"] = {"Namibian Sign Language"}, ["nbt"] = {"Na"}, ["nbu"] = {"Rongmei Naga"}, ["nbv"] = {"Ngamambo"}, ["nbw"] = {"Southern Ngbandi"}, ["nby"] = {"Ningera"}, ["nca"] = {"Iyo"}, ["ncb"] = {"Central Nicobarese"}, ["ncc"] = {"Ponam"}, ["ncd"] = {"Nachering"}, ["nce"] = {"Yale"}, ["ncf"] = {"Notsi"}, ["ncg"] = {"Nisga'a"}, ["nch"] = {"Central Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nci"] = {"Classical Nahuatl"}, ["ncj"] = {"Northern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["nck"] = {"Na-kara"}, ["ncl"] = {"Michoacán Nahuatl"}, ["ncm"] = {"Nambo"}, ["ncn"] = {"Nauna"}, ["nco"] = {"Sibe"}, ["ncq"] = {"Northern Katang"}, ["ncr"] = {"Ncane"}, ["ncs"] = {"Nicaraguan Sign Language"}, ["nct"] = {"Chothe Naga"}, ["ncu"] = {"Chumburung"}, ["ncx"] = {"Central Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["ncz"] = {"Natchez"}, ["nda"] = {"Ndasa"}, ["ndb"] = {"Kenswei Nsei"}, ["ndc"] = {"Ndau"}, ["ndd"] = {"Nde-Nsele-Nta"}, ["ndf"] = {"Nadruvian"}, ["ndg"] = {"Ndengereko"}, ["ndh"] = {"Ndali"}, ["ndi"] = {"Samba Leko"}, ["ndj"] = {"Ndamba"}, ["ndk"] = {"Ndaka"}, ["ndl"] = {"Ndolo"}, ["ndm"] = {"Ndam"}, ["ndn"] = {"Ngundi"}, ["ndp"] = {"Ndo"}, ["ndq"] = {"Ndombe"}, ["ndr"] = {"Ndoola"}, ["nds"] = {"Доод Герман", "Доод Саксон"}, ["ndt"] = {"Ndunga"}, ["ndu"] = {"Dugun"}, ["ndv"] = {"Ndut"}, ["ndw"] = {"Ndobo"}, ["ndx"] = {"Nduga"}, ["ndy"] = {"Lutos"}, ["ndz"] = {"Ndogo"}, ["nea"] = {"Eastern Ngad'a"}, ["neb"] = {"Toura (Côte d'Ivoire)"}, ["nec"] = {"Nedebang"}, ["ned"] = {"Nde-Gbite"}, ["nee"] = {"Nêlêmwa-Nixumwak"}, ["nef"] = {"Nefamese"}, ["neg"] = {"Negidal"}, ["neh"] = {"Nyenkha"}, ["nei"] = {"Neo-Hittite"}, ["nej"] = {"Neko"}, ["nek"] = {"Neku"}, ["nem"] = {"Nemi"}, ["nen"] = {"Nengone"}, ["neo"] = {"Ná-Meo"}, ["neq"] = {"North Central Mixe"}, ["ner"] = {"Yahadian"}, ["nes"] = {"Bhoti Kinnauri"}, ["net"] = {"Nete"}, ["neu"] = {"Neo"}, ["nev"] = {"Nyaheun"}, ["new"] = {"Невар", "Непал Бхаса"}, ["nex"] = {"Neme"}, ["ney"] = {"Neyo"}, ["nez"] = {"Nez Perce"}, ["nfa"] = {"Dhao"}, ["nfd"] = {"Ahwai"}, ["nfl"] = {"Ayiwo", "Äiwoo"}, ["nfr"] = {"Nafaanra"}, ["nfu"] = {"Mfumte"}, ["nga"] = {"Ngbaka"}, ["ngb"] = {"Northern Ngbandi"}, ["ngc"] = {"Ngombe (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["ngd"] = {"Ngando (Central African Republic)"}, ["nge"] = {"Ngemba"}, ["ngf"] = {"Trans-New Guinea languages"}, ["ngg"] = {"Ngbaka Manza"}, ["ngh"] = {"Nǁng"}, ["ngi"] = {"Ngizim"}, ["ngj"] = {"Ngie"}, ["ngk"] = {"Dalabon"}, ["ngl"] = {"Lomwe"}, ["ngm"] = {"Ngatik Men's Creole"}, ["ngn"] = {"Ngwo"}, ["ngp"] = {"Ngulu"}, ["ngq"] = {"Ngurimi", "Ngoreme"}, ["ngr"] = {"Engdewu"}, ["ngs"] = {"Gvoko"}, ["ngt"] = {"Kriang", "Ngeq"}, ["ngu"] = {"Guerrero Nahuatl"}, ["ngv"] = {"Nagumi"}, ["ngw"] = {"Ngwaba"}, ["ngx"] = {"Nggwahyi"}, ["ngy"] = {"Tibea"}, ["ngz"] = {"Ngungwel"}, ["nha"] = {"Nhanda"}, ["nhb"] = {"Beng"}, ["nhc"] = {"Tabasco Nahuatl"}, ["nhd"] = {"Chiripá", "Ava Guaraní"}, ["nhe"] = {"Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhf"] = {"Nhuwala"}, ["nhg"] = {"Tetelcingo Nahuatl"}, ["nhh"] = {"Nahari"}, ["nhi"] = {"Zacatlán-Ahuacatlán-Tepetzintla Nahuatl"}, ["nhk"] = {"Isthmus-Cosoleacaque Nahuatl"}, ["nhm"] = {"Morelos Nahuatl"}, ["nhn"] = {"Төв Нахуатл"}, ["nho"] = {"Takuu"}, ["nhp"] = {"Isthmus-Pajapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhq"] = {"Huaxcaleca Nahuatl"}, ["nhr"] = {"Naro"}, ["nht"] = {"Ometepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhu"] = {"Noone"}, ["nhv"] = {"Temascaltepec Nahuatl"}, ["nhw"] = {"Western Huasteca Nahuatl"}, ["nhx"] = {"Isthmus-Mecayapan Nahuatl"}, ["nhy"] = {"Northern Oaxaca Nahuatl"}, ["nhz"] = {"Santa María La Alta Nahuatl"}, ["nia"] = {"Nias"}, ["nib"] = {"Nakame"}, ["nic"] = {"Niger-Kordofanian languages"}, ["nid"] = {"Ngandi"}, ["nie"] = {"Niellim"}, ["nif"] = {"Nek"}, ["nig"] = {"Ngalakgan"}, ["nih"] = {"Nyiha (Tanzania)"}, ["nii"] = {"Nii"}, ["nij"] = {"Ngaju"}, ["nik"] = {"Southern Nicobarese"}, ["nil"] = {"Nila"}, ["nim"] = {"Nilamba"}, ["nin"] = {"Ninzo"}, ["nio"] = {"Nganasan"}, ["niq"] = {"Nandi"}, ["nir"] = {"Nimboran"}, ["nis"] = {"Nimi"}, ["nit"] = {"Southeastern Kolami"}, ["niu"] = {"Ниуэ"}, ["niv"] = {"Gilyak"}, ["niw"] = {"Nimo"}, ["nix"] = {"Hema"}, ["niy"] = {"Ngiti"}, ["niz"] = {"Ningil"}, ["nja"] = {"Nzanyi"}, ["njb"] = {"Nocte Naga"}, ["njd"] = {"Ndonde Hamba"}, ["njh"] = {"Lotha Naga"}, ["nji"] = {"Gudanji"}, ["njj"] = {"Njen"}, ["njl"] = {"Njalgulgule"}, ["njm"] = {"Angami Naga"}, ["njn"] = {"Liangmai Naga"}, ["njo"] = {"Ao Naga"}, ["njr"] = {"Njerep"}, ["njs"] = {"Nisa"}, ["njt"] = {"Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin"}, ["nju"] = {"Ngadjunmaya"}, ["njx"] = {"Kunyi"}, ["njy"] = {"Njyem"}, ["njz"] = {"Nyishi"}, ["nka"] = {"Nkoya"}, ["nkb"] = {"Khoibu Naga"}, ["nkc"] = {"Nkongho"}, ["nkd"] = {"Koireng"}, ["nke"] = {"Duke"}, ["nkf"] = {"Inpui Naga"}, ["nkg"] = {"Nekgini"}, ["nkh"] = {"Khezha Naga"}, ["nki"] = {"Thangal Naga"}, ["nkj"] = {"Nakai"}, ["nkk"] = {"Nokuku"}, ["nkm"] = {"Namat"}, ["nkn"] = {"Nkangala"}, ["nko"] = {"Nkonya"}, ["nkp"] = {"Niuatoputapu"}, ["nkq"] = {"Nkami"}, ["nkr"] = {"Nukuoro"}, ["nks"] = {"North Asmat"}, ["nkt"] = {"Nyika (Tanzania)"}, ["nku"] = {"Bouna Kulango"}, ["nkv"] = {"Nyika (Malawi and Zambia)"}, ["nkw"] = {"Nkutu"}, ["nkx"] = {"Nkoroo"}, ["nkz"] = {"Nkari"}, ["nla"] = {"Ngombale"}, ["nlc"] = {"Nalca"}, ["nle"] = {"East Nyala"}, ["nlg"] = {"Gela"}, ["nli"] = {"Grangali"}, ["nlj"] = {"Nyali"}, ["nlk"] = {"Ninia Yali"}, ["nll"] = {"Nihali"}, ["nlm"] = {"Mankiyali"}, ["nlo"] = {"Ngul"}, ["nlq"] = {"Lao Naga"}, ["nlu"] = {"Nchumbulu"}, ["nlv"] = {"Orizaba Nahuatl"}, ["nlw"] = {"Walangama"}, ["nlx"] = {"Nahali"}, ["nly"] = {"Nyamal"}, ["nlz"] = {"Nalögo"}, ["nma"] = {"Maram Naga"}, ["nmb"] = {"Big Nambas", "V'ënen Taut"}, ["nmc"] = {"Ngam"}, ["nmd"] = {"Ndumu"}, ["nme"] = {"Mzieme Naga"}, ["nmf"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (India)"}, ["nmg"] = {"Kwasio"}, ["nmh"] = {"Monsang Naga"}, ["nmi"] = {"Nyam"}, ["nmj"] = {"Ngombe (Central African Republic)"}, ["nmk"] = {"Namakura"}, ["nml"] = {"Ndemli"}, ["nmm"] = {"Manangba"}, ["nmn"] = {"ǃXóõ"}, ["nmo"] = {"Moyon Naga"}, ["nmp"] = {"Nimanbur"}, ["nmq"] = {"Nambya"}, ["nmr"] = {"Nimbari"}, ["nms"] = {"Letemboi"}, ["nmt"] = {"Namonuito"}, ["nmu"] = {"Northeast Maidu"}, ["nmv"] = {"Ngamini"}, ["nmw"] = {"Nimoa", "Rifao"}, ["nmx"] = {"Nama (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["nmy"] = {"Namuyi"}, ["nmz"] = {"Nawdm"}, ["nna"] = {"Nyangumarta"}, ["nnb"] = {"Nande"}, ["nnc"] = {"Nancere"}, ["nnd"] = {"West Ambae"}, ["nne"] = {"Ngandyera"}, ["nnf"] = {"Ngaing"}, ["nng"] = {"Maring Naga"}, ["nnh"] = {"Ngiemboon"}, ["nni"] = {"North Nuaulu"}, ["nnj"] = {"Nyangatom"}, ["nnk"] = {"Nankina"}, ["nnl"] = {"Northern Rengma Naga"}, ["nnm"] = {"Namia"}, ["nnn"] = {"Ngete"}, ["nnp"] = {"Wancho Naga"}, ["nnq"] = {"Ngindo"}, ["nnr"] = {"Narungga"}, ["nnt"] = {"Nanticoke"}, ["nnu"] = {"Dwang"}, ["nnv"] = {"Nugunu (Australia)"}, ["nnw"] = {"Southern Nuni"}, ["nny"] = {"Nyangga"}, ["nnz"] = {"Nda'nda'"}, ["noa"] = {"Woun Meu"}, ["noc"] = {"Nuk"}, ["nod"] = {"Northern Thai"}, ["noe"] = {"Nimadi"}, ["nof"] = {"Nomane"}, ["nog"] = {"Ногай"}, ["noh"] = {"Nomu"}, ["noi"] = {"Noiri"}, ["noj"] = {"Nonuya"}, ["nok"] = {"Nooksack"}, ["nol"] = {"Nomlaki"}, ["nom"] = {"Nocamán"}, ["non"] = {"Эртний Скандинав"}, ["nop"] = {"Numanggang"}, ["noq"] = {"Ngongo"}, ["nos"] = {"Eastern Nisu"}, ["not"] = {"Nomatsiguenga"}, ["nou"] = {"Ewage-Notu"}, ["nov"] = {"Novial"}, ["now"] = {"Nyambo"}, ["noy"] = {"Noy"}, ["noz"] = {"Nayi"}, ["npa"] = {"Nar Phu"}, ["npb"] = {"Nupbikha"}, ["npg"] = {"Ponyo-Gongwang Naga"}, ["nph"] = {"Phom Naga"}, ["npi"] = {"Nepali (individual language)"}, ["npl"] = {"Southeastern Puebla Nahuatl"}, ["npn"] = {"Mondropolon"}, ["npo"] = {"Pochuri Naga"}, ["nps"] = {"Nipsan"}, ["npu"] = {"Puimei Naga"}, ["npx"] = {"Noipx"}, ["npy"] = {"Napu"}, ["nqg"] = {"Southern Nago"}, ["nqk"] = {"Kura Ede Nago"}, ["nql"] = {"Ngendelengo"}, ["nqm"] = {"Ndom"}, ["nqn"] = {"Nen"}, ["nqo"] = {"Нко", "Нко"}, ["nqq"] = {"Kyan-Karyaw Naga"}, ["nqt"] = {"Nteng"}, ["nqy"] = {"Akyaung Ari Naga"}, ["nra"] = {"Ngom"}, ["nrb"] = {"Nara"}, ["nrc"] = {"Noric"}, ["nre"] = {"Southern Rengma Naga"}, ["nrf"] = {"Жерси", "Гернси"}, ["nrg"] = {"Narango"}, ["nri"] = {"Chokri Naga"}, ["nrk"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nrl"] = {"Ngarluma"}, ["nrm"] = {"Narom"}, ["nrn"] = {"Norn"}, ["nrp"] = {"North Picene"}, ["nrr"] = {"Norra", "Nora"}, ["nrt"] = {"Northern Kalapuya"}, ["nru"] = {"Narua"}, ["nrx"] = {"Ngurmbur"}, ["nrz"] = {"Lala"}, ["nsa"] = {"Sangtam Naga"}, ["nsb"] = {"Lower Nossob"}, ["nsc"] = {"Nshi"}, ["nsd"] = {"Southern Nisu"}, ["nse"] = {"Nsenga"}, ["nsf"] = {"Northwestern Nisu"}, ["nsg"] = {"Ngasa"}, ["nsh"] = {"Ngoshie"}, ["nsi"] = {"Nigerian Sign Language"}, ["nsk"] = {"Naskapi"}, ["nsl"] = {"Norwegian Sign Language"}, ["nsm"] = {"Sumi Naga"}, ["nsn"] = {"Nehan"}, ["nso"] = {"Педи", "Хойд Сото", "Сепеди"}, ["nsp"] = {"Nepalese Sign Language"}, ["nsq"] = {"Northern Sierra Miwok"}, ["nsr"] = {"Maritime Sign Language"}, ["nss"] = {"Nali"}, ["nst"] = {"Tase Naga"}, ["nsu"] = {"Sierra Negra Nahuatl"}, ["nsv"] = {"Southwestern Nisu"}, ["nsw"] = {"Navut"}, ["nsx"] = {"Nsongo"}, ["nsy"] = {"Nasal"}, ["nsz"] = {"Nisenan"}, ["ntd"] = {"Northern Tidung"}, ["nte"] = {"Nathembo"}, ["ntg"] = {"Ngantangarra"}, ["nti"] = {"Natioro"}, ["ntj"] = {"Ngaanyatjarra"}, ["ntk"] = {"Ikoma-Nata-Isenye"}, ["ntm"] = {"Nateni"}, ["nto"] = {"Ntomba"}, ["ntp"] = {"Northern Tepehuan"}, ["ntr"] = {"Delo"}, ["ntu"] = {"Natügu"}, ["ntw"] = {"Nottoway"}, ["ntx"] = {"Tangkhul Naga (Myanmar)"}, ["nty"] = {"Mantsi"}, ["ntz"] = {"Natanzi"}, ["nua"] = {"Yuanga"}, ["nub"] = {"Nubian languages"}, ["nuc"] = {"Nukuini"}, ["nud"] = {"Ngala"}, ["nue"] = {"Ngundu"}, ["nuf"] = {"Nusu"}, ["nug"] = {"Nungali"}, ["nuh"] = {"Ndunda"}, ["nui"] = {"Ngumbi"}, ["nuj"] = {"Nyole"}, ["nuk"] = {"Nuu-chah-nulth", "Nuuchahnulth"}, ["nul"] = {"Nusa Laut"}, ["num"] = {"Niuafo'ou"}, ["nun"] = {"Anong"}, ["nuo"] = {"Nguôn"}, ["nup"] = {"Nupe-Nupe-Tako"}, ["nuq"] = {"Nukumanu"}, ["nur"] = {"Nukuria"}, ["nus"] = {"Nuer"}, ["nut"] = {"Nung (Viet Nam)"}, ["nuu"] = {"Ngbundu"}, ["nuv"] = {"Northern Nuni"}, ["nuw"] = {"Nguluwan"}, ["nux"] = {"Mehek"}, ["nuy"] = {"Nunggubuyu"}, ["nuz"] = {"Tlamacazapa Nahuatl"}, ["nvh"] = {"Nasarian"}, ["nvm"] = {"Namiae"}, ["nvo"] = {"Nyokon"}, ["nwa"] = {"Nawathinehena"}, ["nwb"] = {"Nyabwa"}, ["nwc"] = {"Classical Newari", "Classical Nepal Bhasa", "Old Newari"}, ["nwe"] = {"Ngwe"}, ["nwg"] = {"Ngayawung"}, ["nwi"] = {"Southwest Tanna"}, ["nwm"] = {"Nyamusa-Molo"}, ["nwo"] = {"Nauo"}, ["nwr"] = {"Nawaru"}, ["nwx"] = {"Middle Newar"}, ["nwy"] = {"Nottoway-Meherrin"}, ["nxa"] = {"Nauete"}, ["nxd"] = {"Ngando (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["nxe"] = {"Nage"}, ["nxg"] = {"Ngad'a"}, ["nxi"] = {"Nindi"}, ["nxk"] = {"Koki Naga"}, ["nxl"] = {"South Nuaulu"}, ["nxm"] = {"Numidian"}, ["nxn"] = {"Ngawun"}, ["nxo"] = {"Ndambomo"}, ["nxq"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nxr"] = {"Ninggerum"}, ["nxx"] = {"Nafri"}, ["nyb"] = {"Nyangbo"}, ["nyc"] = {"Nyanga-li"}, ["nyd"] = {"Nyore", "Olunyole"}, ["nye"] = {"Nyengo"}, ["nyf"] = {"Giryama", "Kigiryama"}, ["nyg"] = {"Nyindu"}, ["nyh"] = {"Nyikina"}, ["nyi"] = {"Ama (Sudan)"}, ["nyj"] = {"Nyanga"}, ["nyk"] = {"Nyaneka"}, ["nyl"] = {"Nyeu"}, ["nym"] = {"Nyamwezi"}, ["nyn"] = {"Nyankole"}, ["nyo"] = {"Nyoro"}, ["nyp"] = {"Nyang'i"}, ["nyq"] = {"Nayini"}, ["nyr"] = {"Nyiha (Malawi)"}, ["nys"] = {"Nyungar"}, ["nyt"] = {"Nyawaygi"}, ["nyu"] = {"Nyungwe"}, ["nyv"] = {"Nyulnyul"}, ["nyw"] = {"Nyaw"}, ["nyx"] = {"Nganyaywana"}, ["nyy"] = {"Nyakyusa-Ngonde"}, ["nza"] = {"Tigon Mbembe"}, ["nzb"] = {"Njebi"}, ["nzd"] = {"Nzadi"}, ["nzi"] = {"Nzima"}, ["nzk"] = {"Nzakara"}, ["nzm"] = {"Zeme Naga"}, ["nzs"] = {"New Zealand Sign Language"}, ["nzu"] = {"Teke-Nzikou"}, ["nzy"] = {"Nzakambay"}, ["nzz"] = {"Nanga Dama Dogon"}, ["oaa"] = {"Orok"}, ["oac"] = {"Oroch"}, ["oar"] = {"Old Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)", "Ancient Aramaic (up to 700 BCE)"}, ["oav"] = {"Old Avar"}, ["obi"] = {"Obispeño"}, ["obk"] = {"Southern Bontok"}, ["obl"] = {"Oblo"}, ["obm"] = {"Moabite"}, ["obo"] = {"Obo Manobo"}, ["obr"] = {"Old Burmese"}, ["obt"] = {"Old Breton"}, ["obu"] = {"Obulom"}, ["oca"] = {"Ocaina"}, ["och"] = {"Old Chinese"}, ["ocm"] = {"Old Cham"}, ["oco"] = {"Old Cornish"}, ["ocu"] = {"Atzingo Matlatzinca"}, ["oda"] = {"Odut"}, ["odk"] = {"Od"}, ["odt"] = {"Old Dutch"}, ["odu"] = {"Odual"}, ["ofo"] = {"Ofo"}, ["ofs"] = {"Old Frisian"}, ["ofu"] = {"Efutop"}, ["ogb"] = {"Ogbia"}, ["ogc"] = {"Ogbah"}, ["oge"] = {"Old Georgian"}, ["ogg"] = {"Ogbogolo"}, ["ogo"] = {"Khana"}, ["ogu"] = {"Ogbronuagum"}, ["oht"] = {"Old Hittite"}, ["ohu"] = {"Old Hungarian"}, ["oia"] = {"Oirata"}, ["oin"] = {"Inebu One"}, ["ojb"] = {"Northwestern Ojibwa"}, ["ojc"] = {"Central Ojibwa"}, ["ojg"] = {"Eastern Ojibwa"}, ["ojp"] = {"Old Japanese"}, ["ojs"] = {"Severn Ojibwa"}, ["ojv"] = {"Ontong Java"}, ["ojw"] = {"Western Ojibwa"}, ["oka"] = {"Okanagan"}, ["okb"] = {"Okobo"}, ["okc"] = {"Kobo"}, ["okd"] = {"Okodia"}, ["oke"] = {"Okpe (Southwestern Edo)"}, ["okg"] = {"Koko Babangk"}, ["okh"] = {"Koresh-e Rostam"}, ["oki"] = {"Okiek"}, ["okj"] = {"Oko-Juwoi"}, ["okk"] = {"Kwamtim One"}, ["okl"] = {"Old Kentish Sign Language"}, ["okm"] = {"Middle Korean (10th-16th cent.)"}, ["okn"] = {"Oki-No-Erabu"}, ["oko"] = {"Old Korean (3rd-9th cent.)"}, ["okr"] = {"Kirike"}, ["oks"] = {"Oko-Eni-Osayen"}, ["oku"] = {"Oku"}, ["okv"] = {"Orokaiva"}, ["okx"] = {"Okpe (Northwestern Edo)"}, ["okz"] = {"Old Khmer"}, ["ola"] = {"Walungge"}, ["old"] = {"Mochi"}, ["ole"] = {"Olekha"}, ["olk"] = {"Olkol"}, ["olm"] = {"Oloma"}, ["olo"] = {"Livvi"}, ["olr"] = {"Olrat"}, ["olt"] = {"Old Lithuanian"}, ["olu"] = {"Kuvale"}, ["oma"] = {"Omaha-Ponca"}, ["omb"] = {"East Ambae"}, ["omc"] = {"Mochica"}, ["omg"] = {"Omagua"}, ["omi"] = {"Omi"}, ["omk"] = {"Omok"}, ["oml"] = {"Ombo"}, ["omn"] = {"Minoan"}, ["omo"] = {"Utarmbung"}, ["omp"] = {"Old Manipuri"}, ["omq"] = {"Oto-Manguean languages"}, ["omr"] = {"Old Marathi"}, ["omt"] = {"Omotik"}, ["omu"] = {"Omurano"}, ["omv"] = {"Omotic languages"}, ["omw"] = {"South Tairora"}, ["omx"] = {"Old Mon"}, ["omy"] = {"Old Malay"}, ["ona"] = {"Ona"}, ["onb"] = {"Lingao"}, ["one"] = {"Oneida"}, ["ong"] = {"Olo"}, ["oni"] = {"Onin"}, ["onj"] = {"Onjob"}, ["onk"] = {"Kabore One"}, ["onn"] = {"Onobasulu"}, ["ono"] = {"Onondaga"}, ["onp"] = {"Sartang"}, ["onr"] = {"Northern One"}, ["ons"] = {"Ono"}, ["ont"] = {"Ontenu"}, ["onu"] = {"Unua"}, ["onw"] = {"Old Nubian"}, ["onx"] = {"Onin Based Pidgin"}, ["ood"] = {"Тохоно Оодхам"}, ["oog"] = {"Ong"}, ["oon"] = {"Önge"}, ["oor"] = {"Oorlams"}, ["oos"] = {"Old Ossetic"}, ["opa"] = {"Okpamheri"}, ["opk"] = {"Kopkaka"}, ["opm"] = {"Oksapmin"}, ["opo"] = {"Opao"}, ["opt"] = {"Opata"}, ["opy"] = {"Ofayé"}, ["ora"] = {"Oroha"}, ["orc"] = {"Orma"}, ["ore"] = {"Orejón"}, ["org"] = {"Oring"}, ["orh"] = {"Орчон"}, ["orn"] = {"Orang Kanaq"}, ["oro"] = {"Orokolo"}, ["orr"] = {"Oruma"}, ["ors"] = {"Orang Seletar"}, ["ort"] = {"Adivasi Oriya"}, ["oru"] = {"Ormuri"}, ["orv"] = {"Эртний Орос"}, ["orw"] = {"Oro Win"}, ["orx"] = {"Oro"}, ["ory"] = {"Odia (individual language)", "Oriya (individual language)"}, ["orz"] = {"Ormu"}, ["osa"] = {"Osage"}, ["osc"] = {"Oscan"}, ["osi"] = {"Osing"}, ["osn"] = {"Old Sundanese"}, ["oso"] = {"Ososo"}, ["osp"] = {"Old Spanish"}, ["ost"] = {"Osatu"}, ["osu"] = {"Southern One"}, ["osx"] = {"Old Saxon"}, ["ota"] = {"Османы Турк (1500-1928)"}, ["otb"] = {"Old Tibetan"}, ["otd"] = {"Ot Danum"}, ["ote"] = {"Mezquital Otomi"}, ["oti"] = {"Oti"}, ["otk"] = {"Эртний Түрэг"}, ["otl"] = {"Tilapa Otomi"}, ["otm"] = {"Eastern Highland Otomi"}, ["otn"] = {"Tenango Otomi"}, ["oto"] = {"Отоми хэлнүүд"}, ["otq"] = {"Querétaro Otomi"}, ["otr"] = {"Otoro"}, ["ots"] = {"Estado de México Otomi"}, ["ott"] = {"Temoaya Otomi"}, ["otu"] = {"Otuke"}, ["otw"] = {"Ottawa"}, ["otx"] = {"Texcatepec Otomi"}, ["oty"] = {"Old Tamil"}, ["otz"] = {"Ixtenco Otomi"}, ["oua"] = {"Tagargrent"}, ["oub"] = {"Glio-Oubi"}, ["oue"] = {"Oune"}, ["oui"] = {"Old Uighur"}, ["oum"] = {"Ouma"}, ["ovd"] = {"Elfdalian", "Övdalian"}, ["owi"] = {"Owiniga"}, ["owl"] = {"Old Welsh"}, ["oyb"] = {"Oy"}, ["oyd"] = {"Oyda"}, ["oym"] = {"Wayampi"}, ["oyy"] = {"Oya'oya"}, ["ozm"] = {"Koonzime"}, ["paa"] = {"Papuan languages"}, ["pab"] = {"Parecís"}, ["pac"] = {"Pacoh"}, ["pad"] = {"Paumarí"}, ["pae"] = {"Pagibete"}, ["paf"] = {"Paranawát"}, ["pag"] = {"Pangasinan"}, ["pah"] = {"Tenharim"}, ["pai"] = {"Pe"}, ["pak"] = {"Parakanã"}, ["pal"] = {"Pahlavi"}, ["pam"] = {"Пампанга", "Капампанган"}, ["pao"] = {"Northern Paiute"}, ["pap"] = {"Папиаменто"}, ["paq"] = {"Parya"}, ["par"] = {"Panamint", "Timbisha"}, ["pas"] = {"Papasena"}, ["pau"] = {"Палау"}, ["pav"] = {"Pakaásnovos"}, ["paw"] = {"Pawnee"}, ["pax"] = {"Pankararé"}, ["pay"] = {"Pech"}, ["paz"] = {"Pankararú"}, ["pbb"] = {"Páez"}, ["pbc"] = {"Patamona"}, ["pbe"] = {"Mezontla Popoloca"}, ["pbf"] = {"Coyotepec Popoloca"}, ["pbg"] = {"Paraujano"}, ["pbh"] = {"E'ñapa Woromaipu"}, ["pbi"] = {"Parkwa"}, ["pbl"] = {"Mak (Nigeria)"}, ["pbm"] = {"Puebla Mazatec"}, ["pbn"] = {"Kpasam"}, ["pbo"] = {"Papel"}, ["pbp"] = {"Badyara"}, ["pbr"] = {"Pangwa"}, ["pbs"] = {"Central Pame"}, ["pbt"] = {"Southern Pashto"}, ["pbu"] = {"Northern Pashto"}, ["pbv"] = {"Pnar"}, ["pby"] = {"Pyu (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pca"] = {"Santa Inés Ahuatempan Popoloca"}, ["pcb"] = {"Pear"}, ["pcc"] = {"Bouyei"}, ["pcd"] = {"Picard"}, ["pce"] = {"Ruching Palaung"}, ["pcf"] = {"Paliyan"}, ["pcg"] = {"Paniya"}, ["pch"] = {"Pardhan"}, ["pci"] = {"Duruwa"}, ["pcj"] = {"Parenga"}, ["pck"] = {"Paite Chin"}, ["pcl"] = {"Pardhi"}, ["pcm"] = {"Nigerian Pidgin"}, ["pcn"] = {"Piti"}, ["pcp"] = {"Pacahuara"}, ["pcw"] = {"Pyapun"}, ["pda"] = {"Anam"}, ["pdc"] = {"Pennsylvania German"}, ["pdi"] = {"Pa Di"}, ["pdn"] = {"Podena", "Fedan"}, ["pdo"] = {"Padoe"}, ["pdt"] = {"Plautdietsch"}, ["pdu"] = {"Kayan"}, ["pea"] = {"Peranakan Indonesian"}, ["peb"] = {"Eastern Pomo"}, ["ped"] = {"Mala (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["pee"] = {"Taje"}, ["pef"] = {"Northeastern Pomo"}, ["peg"] = {"Pengo"}, ["peh"] = {"Баоань"}, ["pei"] = {"Chichimeca-Jonaz"}, ["pej"] = {"Northern Pomo"}, ["pek"] = {"Penchal"}, ["pel"] = {"Pekal"}, ["pem"] = {"Phende"}, ["peo"] = {"Old Persian (ca. 600-400 B.C.)"}, ["pep"] = {"Kunja"}, ["peq"] = {"Southern Pomo"}, ["pes"] = {"Iranian Persian"}, ["pev"] = {"Pémono"}, ["pex"] = {"Petats"}, ["pey"] = {"Petjo"}, ["pez"] = {"Eastern Penan"}, ["pfa"] = {"Pááfang"}, ["pfe"] = {"Pere"}, ["pfl"] = {"Пфальц"}, ["pga"] = {"Sudanese Creole Arabic"}, ["pgd"] = {"Gāndhārī"}, ["pgg"] = {"Pangwali"}, ["pgi"] = {"Pagi"}, ["pgk"] = {"Rerep"}, ["pgl"] = {"Primitive Irish"}, ["pgn"] = {"Paelignian"}, ["pgs"] = {"Pangseng"}, ["pgu"] = {"Pagu"}, ["pgz"] = {"Papua New Guinean Sign Language"}, ["pha"] = {"Pa-Hng"}, ["phd"] = {"Phudagi"}, ["phg"] = {"Phuong"}, ["phh"] = {"Phukha"}, ["phi"] = {"Philippine languages"}, ["phk"] = {"Phake"}, ["phl"] = {"Phalura", "Palula"}, ["phm"] = {"Phimbi"}, ["phn"] = {"Phoenician"}, ["pho"] = {"Phunoi"}, ["phq"] = {"Phana'"}, ["phr"] = {"Pahari-Potwari"}, ["pht"] = {"Phu Thai"}, ["phu"] = {"Phuan"}, ["phv"] = {"Pahlavani"}, ["phw"] = {"Phangduwali"}, ["pia"] = {"Pima Bajo"}, ["pib"] = {"Yine"}, ["pic"] = {"Pinji"}, ["pid"] = {"Piaroa"}, ["pie"] = {"Piro"}, ["pif"] = {"Pingelapese"}, ["pig"] = {"Pisabo"}, ["pih"] = {"Pitcairn-Norfolk"}, ["pii"] = {"Pini"}, ["pij"] = {"Pijao"}, ["pil"] = {"Yom"}, ["pim"] = {"Powhatan"}, ["pin"] = {"Piame"}, ["pio"] = {"Piapoco"}, ["pip"] = {"Pero"}, ["pir"] = {"Piratapuyo"}, ["pis"] = {"Pijin"}, ["pit"] = {"Pitta Pitta"}, ["piu"] = {"Pintupi-Luritja"}, ["piv"] = {"Pileni", "Vaeakau-Taumako"}, ["piw"] = {"Pimbwe"}, ["pix"] = {"Piu"}, ["piy"] = {"Piya-Kwonci"}, ["piz"] = {"Pije"}, ["pjt"] = {"Pitjantjatjara"}, ["pka"] = {"Ardhamāgadhī Prākrit"}, ["pkb"] = {"Pokomo", "Kipfokomo"}, ["pkc"] = {"Paekche"}, ["pkg"] = {"Pak-Tong"}, ["pkh"] = {"Pankhu"}, ["pkn"] = {"Pakanha"}, ["pko"] = {"Pökoot"}, ["pkp"] = {"Pukapuka"}, ["pkr"] = {"Attapady Kurumba"}, ["pks"] = {"Pakistan Sign Language"}, ["pkt"] = {"Maleng"}, ["pku"] = {"Paku"}, ["pla"] = {"Miani"}, ["plb"] = {"Polonombauk"}, ["plc"] = {"Central Palawano"}, ["pld"] = {"Polari"}, ["ple"] = {"Palu'e"}, ["plf"] = {"Central Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["plg"] = {"Pilagá"}, ["plh"] = {"Paulohi"}, ["plj"] = {"Polci"}, ["plk"] = {"Kohistani Shina"}, ["pll"] = {"Shwe Palaung"}, ["pln"] = {"Palenquero"}, ["plo"] = {"Oluta Popoluca"}, ["plq"] = {"Palaic"}, ["plr"] = {"Palaka Senoufo"}, ["pls"] = {"San Marcos Tlacoyalco Popoloca", "San Marcos Tlalcoyalco Popoloca"}, ["plt"] = {"Plateau Malagasy"}, ["plu"] = {"Palikúr"}, ["plv"] = {"Southwest Palawano"}, ["plw"] = {"Brooke's Point Palawano"}, ["ply"] = {"Bolyu"}, ["plz"] = {"Paluan"}, ["pma"] = {"Paama"}, ["pmb"] = {"Pambia"}, ["pmd"] = {"Pallanganmiddang"}, ["pme"] = {"Pwaamei"}, ["pmf"] = {"Pamona"}, ["pmh"] = {"Māhārāṣṭri Prākrit"}, ["pmi"] = {"Northern Pumi"}, ["pmj"] = {"Southern Pumi"}, ["pmk"] = {"Pamlico"}, ["pml"] = {"Lingua Franca"}, ["pmm"] = {"Pomo"}, ["pmn"] = {"Pam"}, ["pmo"] = {"Pom"}, ["pmq"] = {"Northern Pame"}, ["pmr"] = {"Paynamar"}, ["pms"] = {"Пьемонт"}, ["pmt"] = {"Tuamotuan"}, ["pmw"] = {"Plains Miwok"}, ["pmx"] = {"Poumei Naga"}, ["pmy"] = {"Papuan Malay"}, ["pmz"] = {"Southern Pame"}, ["pna"] = {"Punan Bah-Biau"}, ["pnb"] = {"Western Panjabi"}, ["pnc"] = {"Pannei"}, ["pnd"] = {"Mpinda"}, ["pne"] = {"Western Penan"}, ["png"] = {"Pangu", "Pongu"}, ["pnh"] = {"Пенрин"}, ["pni"] = {"Aoheng"}, ["pnj"] = {"Pinjarup"}, ["pnk"] = {"Paunaka"}, ["pnl"] = {"Paleni"}, ["pnm"] = {"Punan Batu 1"}, ["pnn"] = {"Pinai-Hagahai"}, ["pno"] = {"Panobo"}, ["pnp"] = {"Pancana"}, ["pnq"] = {"Pana (Burkina Faso)"}, ["pnr"] = {"Panim"}, ["pns"] = {"Ponosakan"}, ["pnt"] = {"Pontic"}, ["pnu"] = {"Jiongnai Bunu"}, ["pnv"] = {"Pinigura"}, ["pnw"] = {"Banyjima", "Panytyima"}, ["pnx"] = {"Phong-Kniang"}, ["pny"] = {"Pinyin"}, ["pnz"] = {"Pana (Central African Republic)"}, ["poc"] = {"Poqomam"}, ["poe"] = {"San Juan Atzingo Popoloca"}, ["pof"] = {"Poke"}, ["pog"] = {"Potiguára"}, ["poh"] = {"Poqomchi'"}, ["poi"] = {"Highland Popoluca"}, ["pok"] = {"Pokangá"}, ["pom"] = {"Southeastern Pomo"}, ["pon"] = {"Pohnpeian"}, ["poo"] = {"Central Pomo"}, ["pop"] = {"Pwapwâ"}, ["poq"] = {"Texistepec Popoluca"}, ["pos"] = {"Sayula Popoluca"}, ["pot"] = {"Potawatomi"}, ["pov"] = {"Upper Guinea Crioulo"}, ["pow"] = {"San Felipe Otlaltepec Popoloca"}, ["pox"] = {"Polabian"}, ["poy"] = {"Pogolo"}, ["poz"] = {"Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["ppe"] = {"Papi"}, ["ppi"] = {"Paipai"}, ["ppk"] = {"Uma"}, ["ppl"] = {"Pipil", "Nicarao"}, ["ppm"] = {"Papuma"}, ["ppn"] = {"Papapana"}, ["ppo"] = {"Folopa"}, ["ppp"] = {"Pelende"}, ["ppq"] = {"Pei"}, ["pps"] = {"San Luís Temalacayuca Popoloca"}, ["ppt"] = {"Pare"}, ["ppu"] = {"Papora"}, ["pqa"] = {"Pa'a"}, ["pqe"] = {"Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["pqm"] = {"Malecite-Passamaquoddy"}, ["pqw"] = {"Western Malayo-Polynesian languages"}, ["pra"] = {"Prakrit languages"}, ["prc"] = {"Parachi"}, ["prd"] = {"Parsi-Dari"}, ["pre"] = {"Principense"}, ["prf"] = {"Paranan"}, ["prg"] = {"Прусс"}, ["prh"] = {"Porohanon"}, ["pri"] = {"Paicî"}, ["prk"] = {"Parauk"}, ["prl"] = {"Peruvian Sign Language"}, ["prm"] = {"Kibiri"}, ["prn"] = {"Prasuni"}, ["pro"] = {"Old Provençal (to 1500)", "Old Occitan (to 1500)"}, ["prp"] = {"Parsi"}, ["prq"] = {"Ashéninka Perené"}, ["prr"] = {"Puri"}, ["prs"] = {"Дари", "Дари Перс"}, ["prt"] = {"Phai"}, ["pru"] = {"Puragi"}, ["prw"] = {"Parawen"}, ["prx"] = {"Purik"}, ["prz"] = {"Providencia Sign Language"}, ["psa"] = {"Asue Awyu"}, ["psc"] = {"Persian Sign Language"}, ["psd"] = {"Plains Indian Sign Language"}, ["pse"] = {"Central Malay"}, ["psg"] = {"Penang Sign Language"}, ["psh"] = {"Southwest Pashai", "Southwest Pashayi"}, ["psi"] = {"Southeast Pashai", "Southeast Pashayi"}, ["psl"] = {"Puerto Rican Sign Language"}, ["psm"] = {"Pauserna"}, ["psn"] = {"Panasuan"}, ["pso"] = {"Polish Sign Language"}, ["psp"] = {"Philippine Sign Language"}, ["psq"] = {"Pasi"}, ["psr"] = {"Portuguese Sign Language"}, ["pss"] = {"Kaulong"}, ["pst"] = {"Central Pashto"}, ["psu"] = {"Sauraseni Prākrit"}, ["psw"] = {"Port Sandwich"}, ["psy"] = {"Piscataway"}, ["pta"] = {"Pai Tavytera"}, ["pth"] = {"Pataxó Hã-Ha-Hãe"}, ["pti"] = {"Pindiini", "Wangkatha"}, ["ptn"] = {"Patani"}, ["pto"] = {"Zo'é"}, ["ptp"] = {"Patep"}, ["ptq"] = {"Pattapu"}, ["ptr"] = {"Piamatsina"}, ["ptt"] = {"Enrekang"}, ["ptu"] = {"Bambam"}, ["ptv"] = {"Port Vato"}, ["ptw"] = {"Pentlatch"}, ["pty"] = {"Pathiya"}, ["pua"] = {"Western Highland Purepecha"}, ["pub"] = {"Purum"}, ["puc"] = {"Punan Merap"}, ["pud"] = {"Punan Aput"}, ["pue"] = {"Puelche"}, ["puf"] = {"Punan Merah"}, ["pug"] = {"Phuie"}, ["pui"] = {"Puinave"}, ["puj"] = {"Punan Tubu"}, ["pum"] = {"Puma"}, ["puo"] = {"Puoc"}, ["pup"] = {"Pulabu"}, ["puq"] = {"Puquina"}, ["pur"] = {"Puruborá"}, ["put"] = {"Putoh"}, ["puu"] = {"Punu"}, ["puw"] = {"Puluwatese"}, ["pux"] = {"Puare"}, ["puy"] = {"Purisimeño"}, ["pwa"] = {"Pawaia"}, ["pwb"] = {"Panawa"}, ["pwg"] = {"Gapapaiwa"}, ["pwi"] = {"Patwin"}, ["pwm"] = {"Molbog"}, ["pwn"] = {"Paiwan"}, ["pwo"] = {"Pwo Western Karen"}, ["pwr"] = {"Powari"}, ["pww"] = {"Pwo Northern Karen"}, ["pxm"] = {"Quetzaltepec Mixe"}, ["pye"] = {"Pye Krumen"}, ["pym"] = {"Fyam"}, ["pyn"] = {"Poyanáwa"}, ["pys"] = {"Paraguayan Sign Language", "Lengua de Señas del Paraguay"}, ["pyu"] = {"Puyuma"}, ["pyx"] = {"Pyu (Myanmar)"}, ["pyy"] = {"Pyen"}, ["pzn"] = {"Para Naga"}, ["qua"] = {"Quapaw"}, ["qub"] = {"Huallaga Huánuco Quechua"}, ["quc"] = {"K'iche'", "Quiché"}, ["qud"] = {"Calderón Highland Quichua"}, ["quf"] = {"Lambayeque Quechua"}, ["qug"] = {"Chimborazo Highland Quichua"}, ["quh"] = {"South Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qui"] = {"Quileute"}, ["quk"] = {"Chachapoyas Quechua"}, ["qul"] = {"North Bolivian Quechua"}, ["qum"] = {"Sipacapense"}, ["qun"] = {"Quinault"}, ["qup"] = {"Southern Pastaza Quechua"}, ["quq"] = {"Quinqui"}, ["qur"] = {"Yanahuanca Pasco Quechua"}, ["qus"] = {"Santiago del Estero Quichua"}, ["quv"] = {"Sacapulteco"}, ["quw"] = {"Tena Lowland Quichua"}, ["qux"] = {"Yauyos Quechua"}, ["quy"] = {"Ayacucho Quechua"}, ["quz"] = {"Cusco Quechua"}, ["qva"] = {"Ambo-Pasco Quechua"}, ["qvc"] = {"Cajamarca Quechua"}, ["qve"] = {"Eastern Apurímac Quechua"}, ["qvh"] = {"Huamalíes-Dos de Mayo Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qvi"] = {"Imbabura Highland Quichua"}, ["qvj"] = {"Loja Highland Quichua"}, ["qvl"] = {"Cajatambo North Lima Quechua"}, ["qvm"] = {"Margos-Yarowilca-Lauricocha Quechua"}, ["qvn"] = {"North Junín Quechua"}, ["qvo"] = {"Napo Lowland Quechua"}, ["qvp"] = {"Pacaraos Quechua"}, ["qvs"] = {"San Martín Quechua"}, ["qvw"] = {"Huaylla Wanca Quechua"}, ["qvy"] = {"Queyu"}, ["qvz"] = {"Northern Pastaza Quichua"}, ["qwa"] = {"Corongo Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwc"] = {"Classical Quechua"}, ["qwe"] = {"Quechuan (family)"}, ["qwh"] = {"Huaylas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwm"] = {"Kuman (Russia)"}, ["qws"] = {"Sihuas Ancash Quechua"}, ["qwt"] = {"Kwalhioqua-Tlatskanai"}, ["qxa"] = {"Chiquián Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxc"] = {"Chincha Quechua"}, ["qxh"] = {"Panao Huánuco Quechua"}, ["qxl"] = {"Salasaca Highland Quichua"}, ["qxn"] = {"Northern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxo"] = {"Southern Conchucos Ancash Quechua"}, ["qxp"] = {"Puno Quechua"}, ["qxq"] = {"Qashqa'i"}, ["qxr"] = {"Cañar Highland Quichua"}, ["qxs"] = {"Southern Qiang"}, ["qxt"] = {"Santa Ana de Tusi Pasco Quechua"}, ["qxu"] = {"Arequipa-La Unión Quechua"}, ["qxw"] = {"Jauja Wanca Quechua"}, ["qya"] = {"Quenya"}, ["qyp"] = {"Quiripi"}, ["raa"] = {"Dungmali"}, ["rab"] = {"Camling"}, ["rac"] = {"Rasawa"}, ["rad"] = {"Rade"}, ["raf"] = {"Western Meohang"}, ["rag"] = {"Logooli", "Lulogooli"}, ["rah"] = {"Rabha"}, ["rai"] = {"Ramoaaina"}, ["raj"] = {"Rajasthani"}, ["rak"] = {"Tulu-Bohuai"}, ["ral"] = {"Ralte"}, ["ram"] = {"Canela"}, ["ran"] = {"Riantana"}, ["rao"] = {"Rao"}, ["rap"] = {"Рапануй"}, ["raq"] = {"Saam"}, ["rar"] = {"Rarotongan", "Маори"}, ["ras"] = {"Tegali"}, ["rat"] = {"Razajerdi"}, ["rau"] = {"Raute"}, ["rav"] = {"Sampang"}, ["raw"] = {"Rawang"}, ["rax"] = {"Rang"}, ["ray"] = {"Rapa"}, ["raz"] = {"Rahambuu"}, ["rbb"] = {"Rumai Palaung"}, ["rbk"] = {"Northern Bontok"}, ["rbl"] = {"Miraya Bikol"}, ["rbp"] = {"Barababaraba"}, ["rcf"] = {"Réunion Creole French"}, ["rdb"] = {"Rudbari"}, ["rea"] = {"Rerau"}, ["reb"] = {"Rembong"}, ["ree"] = {"Rejang Kayan"}, ["reg"] = {"Kara (Tanzania)"}, ["rei"] = {"Reli"}, ["rej"] = {"Rejang"}, ["rel"] = {"Rendille"}, ["rem"] = {"Remo"}, ["ren"] = {"Rengao"}, ["rer"] = {"Rer Bare"}, ["res"] = {"Reshe"}, ["ret"] = {"Retta"}, ["rey"] = {"Reyesano"}, ["rga"] = {"Roria"}, ["rge"] = {"Romano-Greek"}, ["rgk"] = {"Rangkas"}, ["rgn"] = {"Romagnol"}, ["rgr"] = {"Resígaro"}, ["rgs"] = {"Southern Roglai"}, ["rgu"] = {"Ringgou"}, ["rhg"] = {"Rohingya"}, ["rhp"] = {"Yahang"}, ["ria"] = {"Riang (India)"}, ["rif"] = {"Tarifit"}, ["ril"] = {"Riang Lang", "Riang (Myanmar)"}, ["rim"] = {"Nyaturu"}, ["rin"] = {"Nungu"}, ["rir"] = {"Ribun"}, ["rit"] = {"Ritharrngu"}, ["riu"] = {"Riung"}, ["rjg"] = {"Rajong"}, ["rji"] = {"Raji"}, ["rjs"] = {"Rajbanshi"}, ["rka"] = {"Kraol"}, ["rkb"] = {"Rikbaktsa"}, ["rkh"] = {"Rakahanga-Manihiki"}, ["rki"] = {"Rakhine"}, ["rkm"] = {"Marka"}, ["rkt"] = {"Rangpuri", "Kamta"}, ["rkw"] = {"Arakwal"}, ["rma"] = {"Rama"}, ["rmb"] = {"Rembarrnga"}, ["rmc"] = {"Carpathian Romani"}, ["rmd"] = {"Traveller Danish"}, ["rme"] = {"Angloromani"}, ["rmf"] = {"Kalo Finnish Romani"}, ["rmg"] = {"Traveller Norwegian"}, ["rmh"] = {"Murkim"}, ["rmi"] = {"Lomavren"}, ["rmk"] = {"Romkun"}, ["rml"] = {"Baltic Romani"}, ["rmm"] = {"Roma"}, ["rmn"] = {"Balkan Romani"}, ["rmo"] = {"Sinte Romani"}, ["rmp"] = {"Rempi"}, ["rmq"] = {"Caló"}, ["rms"] = {"Romanian Sign Language"}, ["rmt"] = {"Domari"}, ["rmu"] = {"Tavringer Romani"}, ["rmv"] = {"Romanova"}, ["rmw"] = {"Welsh Romani"}, ["rmx"] = {"Romam"}, ["rmy"] = {"Vlax Romani"}, ["rmz"] = {"Marma"}, ["rnd"] = {"Ruund"}, ["rng"] = {"Ronga"}, ["rnl"] = {"Ranglong"}, ["rnn"] = {"Roon"}, ["rnp"] = {"Rongpo"}, ["rnr"] = {"Nari Nari"}, ["rnw"] = {"Rungwa"}, ["roa"] = {"Romance languages"}, ["rob"] = {"Tae'"}, ["roc"] = {"Cacgia Roglai"}, ["rod"] = {"Rogo"}, ["roe"] = {"Ronji"}, ["rof"] = {"Rombo"}, ["rog"] = {"Northern Roglai"}, ["rol"] = {"Romblomanon"}, ["rom"] = {"Romany"}, ["roo"] = {"Rotokas"}, ["rop"] = {"Kriol"}, ["ror"] = {"Rongga"}, ["rou"] = {"Runga"}, ["row"] = {"Dela-Oenale"}, ["rpn"] = {"Repanbitip"}, ["rpt"] = {"Rapting"}, ["rri"] = {"Ririo"}, ["rro"] = {"Waima"}, ["rrt"] = {"Arritinngithigh"}, ["rsb"] = {"Romano-Serbian"}, ["rsl"] = {"Russian Sign Language"}, ["rsm"] = {"Miriwoong Sign Language"}, ["rtc"] = {"Rungtu Chin"}, ["rth"] = {"Ratahan"}, ["rtm"] = {"Rotuman"}, ["rts"] = {"Yurats"}, ["rtw"] = {"Rathawi"}, ["rub"] = {"Gungu"}, ["ruc"] = {"Ruuli"}, ["rue"] = {"Русин"}, ["ruf"] = {"Luguru"}, ["rug"] = {"Roviana"}, ["ruh"] = {"Ruga"}, ["rui"] = {"Rufiji"}, ["ruk"] = {"Che"}, ["ruo"] = {"Istro Romanian"}, ["rup"] = {"Macedo-Romanian", "Aromanian", "Arumanian"}, ["ruq"] = {"Megleno Romanian"}, ["rut"] = {"Рутуль"}, ["ruu"] = {"Lanas Lobu"}, ["ruy"] = {"Mala (Nigeria)"}, ["ruz"] = {"Ruma"}, ["rwa"] = {"Rawo"}, ["rwk"] = {"Rwa"}, ["rwl"] = {"Ruwila"}, ["rwm"] = {"Amba (Uganda)"}, ["rwo"] = {"Rawa"}, ["rwr"] = {"Marwari (India)"}, ["rxd"] = {"Ngardi"}, ["rxw"] = {"Karuwali", "Garuwali"}, ["ryn"] = {"Northern Amami-Oshima"}, ["rys"] = {"Yaeyama"}, ["ryu"] = {"Төв Окинава"}, ["rzh"] = {"Rāziḥī"}, ["saa"] = {"Saba"}, ["sab"] = {"Buglere"}, ["sac"] = {"Meskwaki"}, ["sad"] = {"Sandawe"}, ["sae"] = {"Sabanê"}, ["saf"] = {"Safaliba"}, ["sah"] = {"Якут"}, ["sai"] = {"South American Indian languages"}, ["saj"] = {"Sahu"}, ["sak"] = {"Sake"}, ["sal"] = {"Salishan languages"}, ["sam"] = {"Samaritan Aramaic"}, ["sao"] = {"Sause"}, ["saq"] = {"Samburu"}, ["sar"] = {"Saraveca"}, ["sas"] = {"Sasak"}, ["sat"] = {"Santali"}, ["sau"] = {"Saleman"}, ["sav"] = {"Saafi-Saafi"}, ["saw"] = {"Sawi"}, ["sax"] = {"Sa"}, ["say"] = {"Saya"}, ["saz"] = {"Saurashtra"}, ["sba"] = {"Ngambay"}, ["sbb"] = {"Simbo"}, ["sbc"] = {"Kele (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["sbd"] = {"Southern Samo"}, ["sbe"] = {"Saliba"}, ["sbf"] = {"Chabu", "Shabo"}, ["sbg"] = {"Seget"}, ["sbh"] = {"Sori-Harengan"}, ["sbi"] = {"Seti"}, ["sbj"] = {"Surbakhal"}, ["sbk"] = {"Safwa"}, ["sbl"] = {"Botolan Sambal"}, ["sbm"] = {"Sagala"}, ["sbn"] = {"Sindhi Bhil"}, ["sbo"] = {"Sabüm"}, ["sbp"] = {"Sangu (Tanzania)"}, ["sbq"] = {"Sileibi"}, ["sbr"] = {"Sembakung Murut"}, ["sbs"] = {"Subiya"}, ["sbt"] = {"Kimki"}, ["sbu"] = {"Stod Bhoti"}, ["sbv"] = {"Sabine"}, ["sbw"] = {"Simba"}, ["sbx"] = {"Seberuang"}, ["sby"] = {"Soli"}, ["sbz"] = {"Sara Kaba"}, ["scb"] = {"Chut"}, ["sce"] = {"Дуншян"}, ["scf"] = {"San Miguel Creole French"}, ["scg"] = {"Sanggau"}, ["sch"] = {"Sakachep"}, ["sci"] = {"Sri Lankan Creole Malay"}, ["sck"] = {"Sadri"}, ["scl"] = {"Shina"}, ["scn"] = {"Сицили"}, ["sco"] = {"Скот"}, ["scp"] = {"Hyolmo", "Helambu Sherpa"}, ["scq"] = {"Sa'och"}, ["scs"] = {"North Slavey"}, ["sct"] = {"Southern Katang"}, ["scu"] = {"Shumcho"}, ["scv"] = {"Sheni"}, ["scw"] = {"Sha"}, ["scx"] = {"Sicel"}, ["sda"] = {"Toraja-Sa'dan"}, ["sdb"] = {"Shabak"}, ["sdc"] = {"Sassarese Sardinian"}, ["sde"] = {"Surubu"}, ["sdf"] = {"Sarli"}, ["sdg"] = {"Savi"}, ["sdh"] = {"Өмнөд Курд"}, ["sdj"] = {"Suundi"}, ["sdk"] = {"Sos Kundi"}, ["sdl"] = {"Saudi Arabian Sign Language"}, ["sdn"] = {"Gallurese Sardinian"}, ["sdo"] = {"Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh"}, ["sdp"] = {"Sherdukpen"}, ["sdq"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sdr"] = {"Oraon Sadri"}, ["sds"] = {"Sened"}, ["sdt"] = {"Shuadit"}, ["sdu"] = {"Sarudu"}, ["sdv"] = {"Eastern Sudanic languages"}, ["sdx"] = {"Sibu Melanau"}, ["sdz"] = {"Sallands"}, ["sea"] = {"Semai"}, ["seb"] = {"Shempire Senoufo"}, ["sec"] = {"Sechelt"}, ["sed"] = {"Sedang"}, ["see"] = {"Seneca"}, ["sef"] = {"Cebaara Senoufo"}, ["seg"] = {"Segeju"}, ["seh"] = {"Sena"}, ["sei"] = {"Seri"}, ["sej"] = {"Sene"}, ["sek"] = {"Sekani"}, ["sel"] = {"Selkup"}, ["sem"] = {"Semitic languages"}, ["sen"] = {"Nanerigé Sénoufo"}, ["seo"] = {"Suarmin"}, ["sep"] = {"Sìcìté Sénoufo"}, ["seq"] = {"Senara Sénoufo"}, ["ser"] = {"Serrano"}, ["ses"] = {"Koyraboro Senni Songhai"}, ["set"] = {"Sentani"}, ["seu"] = {"Serui-Laut"}, ["sev"] = {"Nyarafolo Senoufo"}, ["sew"] = {"Sewa Bay"}, ["sey"] = {"Secoya"}, ["sez"] = {"Senthang Chin"}, ["sfb"] = {"Langue des signes de Belgique Francophone", "French Belgian Sign Language"}, ["sfe"] = {"Eastern Subanen"}, ["sfm"] = {"Small Flowery Miao"}, ["sfs"] = {"South African Sign Language"}, ["sfw"] = {"Sehwi"}, ["sga"] = {"Old Irish (to 900)"}, ["sgb"] = {"Mag-antsi Ayta"}, ["sgc"] = {"Kipsigis"}, ["sgd"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sge"] = {"Segai"}, ["sgg"] = {"Swiss-German Sign Language"}, ["sgh"] = {"Shughni"}, ["sgi"] = {"Suga"}, ["sgj"] = {"Surgujia"}, ["sgk"] = {"Sangkong"}, ["sgm"] = {"Singa"}, ["sgn"] = {"Sign languages"}, ["sgp"] = {"Singpho"}, ["sgr"] = {"Sangisari"}, ["sgs"] = {"Жемайт"}, ["sgt"] = {"Brokpake"}, ["sgu"] = {"Salas"}, ["sgw"] = {"Sebat Bet Gurage"}, ["sgx"] = {"Sierra Leone Sign Language"}, ["sgy"] = {"Sanglechi"}, ["sgz"] = {"Sursurunga"}, ["sha"] = {"Shall-Zwall"}, ["shb"] = {"Ninam"}, ["shc"] = {"Sonde"}, ["shd"] = {"Kundal Shahi"}, ["she"] = {"Sheko"}, ["shg"] = {"Shua"}, ["shh"] = {"Shoshoni"}, ["shi"] = {"Tachelhit"}, ["shj"] = {"Shatt"}, ["shk"] = {"Shilluk"}, ["shl"] = {"Shendu"}, ["shm"] = {"Shahrudi"}, ["shn"] = {"Shan"}, ["sho"] = {"Shanga"}, ["shp"] = {"Shipibo-Conibo"}, ["shq"] = {"Sala"}, ["shr"] = {"Shi"}, ["shs"] = {"Shuswap"}, ["sht"] = {"Shasta"}, ["shu"] = {"Chadian Arabic"}, ["shv"] = {"Shehri"}, ["shw"] = {"Shwai"}, ["shx"] = {"She"}, ["shy"] = {"Tachawit"}, ["shz"] = {"Syenara Senoufo"}, ["sia"] = {"Akkala Sami"}, ["sib"] = {"Sebop"}, ["sid"] = {"Sidamo"}, ["sie"] = {"Simaa"}, ["sif"] = {"Siamou"}, ["sig"] = {"Paasaal"}, ["sih"] = {"Zire", "Sîshëë"}, ["sii"] = {"Shom Peng"}, ["sij"] = {"Numbami"}, ["sik"] = {"Sikiana"}, ["sil"] = {"Tumulung Sisaala"}, ["sim"] = {"Mende (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["sio"] = {"Siouan languages"}, ["sip"] = {"Sikkimese"}, ["siq"] = {"Sonia"}, ["sir"] = {"Siri"}, ["sis"] = {"Siuslaw"}, ["sit"] = {"Sino-Tibetan languages"}, ["siu"] = {"Sinagen"}, ["siv"] = {"Sumariup"}, ["siw"] = {"Siwai"}, ["six"] = {"Sumau"}, ["siy"] = {"Sivandi"}, ["siz"] = {"Siwi"}, ["sja"] = {"Epena"}, ["sjb"] = {"Sajau Basap"}, ["sjd"] = {"Kildin Sami"}, ["sje"] = {"Pite Sami"}, ["sjg"] = {"Assangori"}, ["sjk"] = {"Kemi Sami"}, ["sjl"] = {"Sajalong", "Miji"}, ["sjm"] = {"Mapun"}, ["sjn"] = {"Sindarin"}, ["sjo"] = {"Xibe"}, ["sjp"] = {"Surjapuri"}, ["sjr"] = {"Siar-Lak"}, ["sjs"] = {"Senhaja De Srair"}, ["sjt"] = {"Ter Sami"}, ["sju"] = {"Уме Сами"}, ["sjw"] = {"Shawnee"}, ["ska"] = {"Skagit"}, ["skb"] = {"Saek"}, ["skc"] = {"Ma Manda"}, ["skd"] = {"Southern Sierra Miwok"}, ["ske"] = {"Seke (Vanuatu)"}, ["skf"] = {"Sakirabiá"}, ["skg"] = {"Sakalava Malagasy"}, ["skh"] = {"Sikule"}, ["ski"] = {"Sika"}, ["skj"] = {"Seke (Nepal)"}, ["skm"] = {"Kutong"}, ["skn"] = {"Kolibugan Subanon"}, ["sko"] = {"Seko Tengah"}, ["skp"] = {"Sekapan"}, ["skq"] = {"Sininkere"}, ["skr"] = {"Saraiki", "Seraiki"}, ["sks"] = {"Maia"}, ["skt"] = {"Sakata"}, ["sku"] = {"Sakao"}, ["skv"] = {"Skou"}, ["skw"] = {"Skepi Creole Dutch"}, ["skx"] = {"Seko Padang"}, ["sky"] = {"Sikaiana"}, ["skz"] = {"Sekar"}, ["sla"] = {"Slavic languages"}, ["slc"] = {"Sáliba"}, ["sld"] = {"Sissala"}, ["sle"] = {"Sholaga"}, ["slf"] = {"Swiss-Italian Sign Language"}, ["slg"] = {"Selungai Murut"}, ["slh"] = {"Southern Puget Sound Salish"}, ["sli"] = {"Lower Silesian"}, ["slj"] = {"Salumá"}, ["sll"] = {"Salt-Yui"}, ["slm"] = {"Pangutaran Sama"}, ["sln"] = {"Salinan"}, ["slp"] = {"Lamaholot"}, ["slq"] = {"Salchuq"}, ["slr"] = {"Салар"}, ["sls"] = {"Singapore Sign Language"}, ["slt"] = {"Sila"}, ["slu"] = {"Selaru"}, ["slw"] = {"Sialum"}, ["slx"] = {"Salampasu"}, ["sly"] = {"Selayar"}, ["slz"] = {"Ma'ya"}, ["sma"] = {"Өмнөд Сами"}, ["smb"] = {"Simbari"}, ["smc"] = {"Som"}, ["smd"] = {"Sama"}, ["smf"] = {"Auwe"}, ["smg"] = {"Simbali"}, ["smh"] = {"Samei"}, ["smi"] = {"Sami languages"}, ["smj"] = {"Луле-Сами"}, ["smk"] = {"Bolinao"}, ["sml"] = {"Central Sama"}, ["smm"] = {"Musasa"}, ["smn"] = {"Inari Sami"}, ["smp"] = {"Samaritan"}, ["smq"] = {"Samo"}, ["smr"] = {"Simeulue"}, ["sms"] = {"Skolt Sami"}, ["smt"] = {"Simte"}, ["smu"] = {"Somray"}, ["smv"] = {"Samvedi"}, ["smw"] = {"Sumbawa"}, ["smx"] = {"Samba"}, ["smy"] = {"Semnani"}, ["smz"] = {"Simeku"}, ["snb"] = {"Sebuyau"}, ["snc"] = {"Sinaugoro"}, ["sne"] = {"Bau Bidayuh"}, ["snf"] = {"Noon"}, ["sng"] = {"Sanga (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sni"] = {"Sensi"}, ["snj"] = {"Riverain Sango"}, ["snk"] = {"Сонинке"}, ["snl"] = {"Sangil"}, ["snm"] = {"Southern Ma'di"}, ["snn"] = {"Siona"}, ["sno"] = {"Snohomish"}, ["snp"] = {"Siane"}, ["snq"] = {"Sangu (Gabon)"}, ["snr"] = {"Sihan"}, ["sns"] = {"South West Bay", "Nahavaq"}, ["snu"] = {"Senggi", "Viid"}, ["snv"] = {"Sa'ban"}, ["snw"] = {"Selee"}, ["snx"] = {"Sam"}, ["sny"] = {"Saniyo-Hiyewe"}, ["snz"] = {"Kou"}, ["soa"] = {"Thai Song"}, ["sob"] = {"Sobei"}, ["soc"] = {"So (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["sod"] = {"Songoora"}, ["soe"] = {"Songomeno"}, ["sog"] = {"Sogdian"}, ["soh"] = {"Aka"}, ["soi"] = {"Sonha"}, ["soj"] = {"Soi"}, ["sok"] = {"Sokoro"}, ["sol"] = {"Solos"}, ["son"] = {"Songhai languages"}, ["soo"] = {"Songo"}, ["sop"] = {"Songe"}, ["soq"] = {"Kanasi"}, ["sor"] = {"Somrai"}, ["sos"] = {"Seeku"}, ["sou"] = {"Southern Thai"}, ["sov"] = {"Sonsorol"}, ["sow"] = {"Sowanda"}, ["sox"] = {"Swo"}, ["soy"] = {"Miyobe"}, ["soz"] = {"Temi"}, ["spb"] = {"Sepa (Indonesia)"}, ["spc"] = {"Sapé"}, ["spd"] = {"Saep"}, ["spe"] = {"Sepa (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["spg"] = {"Sian"}, ["spi"] = {"Saponi"}, ["spk"] = {"Sengo"}, ["spl"] = {"Selepet"}, ["spm"] = {"Akukem"}, ["spn"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["spo"] = {"Spokane"}, ["spp"] = {"Supyire Senoufo"}, ["spq"] = {"Loreto-Ucayali Spanish"}, ["spr"] = {"Saparua"}, ["sps"] = {"Saposa"}, ["spt"] = {"Spiti Bhoti"}, ["spu"] = {"Sapuan"}, ["spv"] = {"Sambalpuri", "Kosli"}, ["spx"] = {"South Picene"}, ["spy"] = {"Sabaot"}, ["sqa"] = {"Shama-Sambuga"}, ["sqh"] = {"Shau"}, ["sqj"] = {"Albanian languages"}, ["sqk"] = {"Albanian Sign Language"}, ["sqm"] = {"Suma"}, ["sqn"] = {"Susquehannock"}, ["sqo"] = {"Sorkhei"}, ["sqq"] = {"Sou"}, ["sqr"] = {"Siculo Arabic"}, ["sqs"] = {"Sri Lankan Sign Language"}, ["sqt"] = {"Soqotri"}, ["squ"] = {"Squamish"}, ["sqx"] = {"Kufr Qassem Sign Language (KQSL)"}, ["sra"] = {"Saruga"}, ["srb"] = {"Sora"}, ["src"] = {"Logudorese Sardinian"}, ["sre"] = {"Sara"}, ["srf"] = {"Nafi"}, ["srg"] = {"Sulod"}, ["srh"] = {"Sarikoli"}, ["sri"] = {"Siriano"}, ["srk"] = {"Serudung Murut"}, ["srl"] = {"Isirawa"}, ["srm"] = {"Saramaccan"}, ["srn"] = {"Sranan Tongo"}, ["sro"] = {"Campidanese Sardinian"}, ["srq"] = {"Sirionó"}, ["srr"] = {"Serer"}, ["srs"] = {"Sarsi"}, ["srt"] = {"Sauri"}, ["sru"] = {"Suruí"}, ["srv"] = {"Southern Sorsoganon"}, ["srw"] = {"Serua"}, ["srx"] = {"Sirmauri"}, ["sry"] = {"Sera"}, ["srz"] = {"Shahmirzadi"}, ["ssa"] = {"Nilo-Saharan languages"}, ["ssb"] = {"Southern Sama"}, ["ssc"] = {"Suba-Simbiti"}, ["ssd"] = {"Siroi"}, ["sse"] = {"Balangingi", "Bangingih Sama"}, ["ssf"] = {"Thao"}, ["ssg"] = {"Seimat"}, ["ssh"] = {"Shihhi Arabic"}, ["ssi"] = {"Sansi"}, ["ssj"] = {"Sausi"}, ["ssk"] = {"Sunam"}, ["ssl"] = {"Western Sisaala"}, ["ssm"] = {"Semnam"}, ["ssn"] = {"Waata"}, ["sso"] = {"Sissano"}, ["ssp"] = {"Spanish Sign Language"}, ["ssq"] = {"So'a"}, ["ssr"] = {"Swiss-French Sign Language"}, ["sss"] = {"Sô"}, ["sst"] = {"Sinasina"}, ["ssu"] = {"Susuami"}, ["ssv"] = {"Shark Bay"}, ["ssx"] = {"Samberigi"}, ["ssy"] = {"Saho"}, ["ssz"] = {"Sengseng"}, ["sta"] = {"Settla"}, ["stb"] = {"Northern Subanen"}, ["std"] = {"Sentinel"}, ["ste"] = {"Liana-Seti"}, ["stf"] = {"Seta"}, ["stg"] = {"Trieng"}, ["sth"] = {"Shelta"}, ["sti"] = {"Bulo Stieng"}, ["stj"] = {"Matya Samo"}, ["stk"] = {"Arammba"}, ["stl"] = {"Stellingwerfs"}, ["stm"] = {"Setaman"}, ["stn"] = {"Owa"}, ["sto"] = {"Stoney"}, ["stp"] = {"Southeastern Tepehuan"}, ["stq"] = {"Saterfriesisch"}, ["str"] = {"Straits Salish"}, ["sts"] = {"Shumashti"}, ["stt"] = {"Budeh Stieng"}, ["stu"] = {"Samtao"}, ["stv"] = {"Silt'e"}, ["stw"] = {"Satawalese"}, ["sty"] = {"Siberian Tatar"}, ["sua"] = {"Sulka"}, ["sub"] = {"Suku"}, ["suc"] = {"Western Subanon"}, ["sue"] = {"Suena"}, ["sug"] = {"Suganga"}, ["sui"] = {"Suki"}, ["suj"] = {"Shubi"}, ["suk"] = {"Sukuma"}, ["suo"] = {"Bouni"}, ["suq"] = {"Tirmaga-Chai Suri", "Suri"}, ["sur"] = {"Mwaghavul"}, ["sus"] = {"Susu"}, ["sut"] = {"Subtiaba"}, ["suv"] = {"Puroik"}, ["suw"] = {"Sumbwa"}, ["sux"] = {"Sumerian"}, ["suy"] = {"Suyá"}, ["suz"] = {"Sunwar"}, ["sva"] = {"Svan"}, ["svb"] = {"Ulau-Suain"}, ["svc"] = {"Vincentian Creole English"}, ["sve"] = {"Serili"}, ["svk"] = {"Slovakian Sign Language"}, ["svm"] = {"Slavomolisano"}, ["svs"] = {"Savosavo"}, ["svx"] = {"Skalvian"}, ["swb"] = {"Maore Comorian"}, ["swc"] = {"Congo Swahili"}, ["swf"] = {"Sere"}, ["swg"] = {"Шваби"}, ["swh"] = {"Свахили", "Кисвахили"}, ["swi"] = {"Sui"}, ["swj"] = {"Sira"}, ["swk"] = {"Malawi Sena"}, ["swl"] = {"Swedish Sign Language"}, ["swm"] = {"Samosa"}, ["swn"] = {"Sawknah"}, ["swo"] = {"Shanenawa"}, ["swp"] = {"Suau"}, ["swq"] = {"Sharwa"}, ["swr"] = {"Saweru"}, ["sws"] = {"Seluwasan"}, ["swt"] = {"Sawila"}, ["swu"] = {"Suwawa"}, ["swv"] = {"Shekhawati"}, ["sww"] = {"Sowa"}, ["swx"] = {"Suruahá"}, ["swy"] = {"Sarua"}, ["sxb"] = {"Suba"}, ["sxc"] = {"Sicanian"}, ["sxe"] = {"Sighu"}, ["sxg"] = {"Shuhi", "Shixing"}, ["sxk"] = {"Southern Kalapuya"}, ["sxl"] = {"Selian"}, ["sxm"] = {"Samre"}, ["sxn"] = {"Sangir"}, ["sxo"] = {"Sorothaptic"}, ["sxr"] = {"Saaroa"}, ["sxs"] = {"Sasaru"}, ["sxu"] = {"Дээд Саксон"}, ["sxw"] = {"Saxwe Gbe"}, ["sya"] = {"Siang"}, ["syb"] = {"Central Subanen"}, ["syc"] = {"Сонгодог Сири"}, ["syd"] = {"Samoyedic languages"}, ["syi"] = {"Seki"}, ["syk"] = {"Sukur"}, ["syl"] = {"Sylheti"}, ["sym"] = {"Maya Samo"}, ["syn"] = {"Senaya"}, ["syo"] = {"Suoy"}, ["syr"] = {"Syriac"}, ["sys"] = {"Sinyar"}, ["syw"] = {"Kagate"}, ["syx"] = {"Samay"}, ["syy"] = {"Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language"}, ["sza"] = {"Semelai"}, ["szb"] = {"Ngalum"}, ["szc"] = {"Semaq Beri"}, ["szd"] = {"Seru"}, ["sze"] = {"Seze"}, ["szg"] = {"Sengele"}, ["szl"] = {"Силези"}, ["szn"] = {"Sula"}, ["szp"] = {"Suabo"}, ["szs"] = {"Solomon Islands Sign Language"}, ["szv"] = {"Isu (Fako Division)"}, ["szw"] = {"Sawai"}, ["szy"] = {"Sakizaya"}, ["taa"] = {"Lower Tanana"}, ["tab"] = {"Табасаран"}, ["tac"] = {"Lowland Tarahumara"}, ["tad"] = {"Tause"}, ["tae"] = {"Tariana"}, ["taf"] = {"Tapirapé"}, ["tag"] = {"Tagoi"}, ["tai"] = {"Tai languages"}, ["taj"] = {"Eastern Tamang"}, ["tak"] = {"Tala"}, ["tal"] = {"Tal"}, ["tan"] = {"Tangale"}, ["tao"] = {"Yami"}, ["tap"] = {"Taabwa"}, ["taq"] = {"Tamasheq"}, ["tar"] = {"Central Tarahumara"}, ["tas"] = {"Tay Boi"}, ["tau"] = {"Upper Tanana"}, ["tav"] = {"Tatuyo"}, ["taw"] = {"Tai"}, ["tax"] = {"Tamki"}, ["tay"] = {"Atayal"}, ["taz"] = {"Tocho"}, ["tba"] = {"Aikanã"}, ["tbc"] = {"Takia"}, ["tbd"] = {"Kaki Ae"}, ["tbe"] = {"Tanimbili"}, ["tbf"] = {"Mandara"}, ["tbg"] = {"North Tairora"}, ["tbh"] = {"Dharawal", "Thurawal"}, ["tbi"] = {"Gaam"}, ["tbj"] = {"Tiang"}, ["tbk"] = {"Calamian Tagbanwa"}, ["tbl"] = {"Tboli"}, ["tbm"] = {"Tagbu"}, ["tbn"] = {"Barro Negro Tunebo"}, ["tbo"] = {"Tawala"}, ["tbp"] = {"Taworta", "Diebroud"}, ["tbq"] = {"Tibeto-Burman languages"}, ["tbr"] = {"Tumtum"}, ["tbs"] = {"Tanguat"}, ["tbt"] = {"Tembo (Kitembo)"}, ["tbu"] = {"Tubar"}, ["tbv"] = {"Tobo"}, ["tbw"] = {"Tagbanwa"}, ["tbx"] = {"Kapin"}, ["tby"] = {"Tabaru"}, ["tbz"] = {"Ditammari"}, ["tca"] = {"Ticuna"}, ["tcb"] = {"Tanacross"}, ["tcc"] = {"Datooga"}, ["tcd"] = {"Tafi"}, ["tce"] = {"Southern Tutchone"}, ["tcf"] = {"Malinaltepec Me'phaa", "Malinaltepec Tlapanec"}, ["tcg"] = {"Tamagario"}, ["tch"] = {"Turks And Caicos Creole English"}, ["tci"] = {"Wára"}, ["tck"] = {"Tchitchege"}, ["tcl"] = {"Taman (Myanmar)"}, ["tcm"] = {"Tanahmerah"}, ["tcn"] = {"Tichurong"}, ["tco"] = {"Taungyo"}, ["tcp"] = {"Tawr Chin"}, ["tcq"] = {"Kaiy"}, ["tcs"] = {"Torres Strait Creole", "Yumplatok"}, ["tct"] = {"T'en"}, ["tcu"] = {"Southeastern Tarahumara"}, ["tcw"] = {"Tecpatlán Totonac"}, ["tcx"] = {"Toda"}, ["tcy"] = {"Tulu"}, ["tcz"] = {"Thado Chin"}, ["tda"] = {"Tagdal"}, ["tdb"] = {"Panchpargania"}, ["tdc"] = {"Emberá-Tadó"}, ["tdd"] = {"Tai Nüa"}, ["tde"] = {"Tiranige Diga Dogon"}, ["tdf"] = {"Talieng"}, ["tdg"] = {"Western Tamang"}, ["tdh"] = {"Thulung"}, ["tdi"] = {"Tomadino"}, ["tdj"] = {"Tajio"}, ["tdk"] = {"Tambas"}, ["tdl"] = {"Sur"}, ["tdm"] = {"Taruma"}, ["tdn"] = {"Tondano"}, ["tdo"] = {"Teme"}, ["tdq"] = {"Tita"}, ["tdr"] = {"Todrah"}, ["tds"] = {"Doutai"}, ["tdt"] = {"Tetun Dili"}, ["tdv"] = {"Toro"}, ["tdx"] = {"Tandroy-Mahafaly Malagasy"}, ["tdy"] = {"Tadyawan"}, ["tea"] = {"Temiar"}, ["teb"] = {"Tetete"}, ["tec"] = {"Terik"}, ["ted"] = {"Tepo Krumen"}, ["tee"] = {"Huehuetla Tepehua"}, ["tef"] = {"Teressa"}, ["teg"] = {"Teke-Tege"}, ["teh"] = {"Tehuelche"}, ["tei"] = {"Torricelli"}, ["tek"] = {"Ibali Teke"}, ["tem"] = {"Timne"}, ["ten"] = {"Tama (Colombia)"}, ["teo"] = {"Teso"}, ["tep"] = {"Tepecano"}, ["teq"] = {"Temein"}, ["ter"] = {"Tereno"}, ["tes"] = {"Tengger"}, ["tet"] = {"Тетум"}, ["teu"] = {"Soo"}, ["tev"] = {"Teor"}, ["tew"] = {"Tewa (USA)"}, ["tex"] = {"Tennet"}, ["tey"] = {"Tulishi"}, ["tez"] = {"Tetserret"}, ["tfi"] = {"Tofin Gbe"}, ["tfn"] = {"Tanaina"}, ["tfo"] = {"Tefaro"}, ["tfr"] = {"Teribe"}, ["tft"] = {"Ternate"}, ["tga"] = {"Sagalla"}, ["tgb"] = {"Tobilung"}, ["tgc"] = {"Tigak"}, ["tgd"] = {"Ciwogai"}, ["tge"] = {"Eastern Gorkha Tamang"}, ["tgf"] = {"Chalikha"}, ["tgh"] = {"Tobagonian Creole English"}, ["tgi"] = {"Lawunuia"}, ["tgj"] = {"Tagin"}, ["tgn"] = {"Tandaganon"}, ["tgo"] = {"Sudest"}, ["tgp"] = {"Tangoa"}, ["tgq"] = {"Tring"}, ["tgr"] = {"Tareng"}, ["tgs"] = {"Nume"}, ["tgt"] = {"Central Tagbanwa"}, ["tgu"] = {"Tanggu"}, ["tgv"] = {"Tingui-Boto"}, ["tgw"] = {"Tagwana Senoufo"}, ["tgx"] = {"Tagish"}, ["tgy"] = {"Togoyo"}, ["tgz"] = {"Tagalaka"}, ["thd"] = {"Kuuk Thaayorre", "Thayore"}, ["the"] = {"Chitwania Tharu"}, ["thf"] = {"Thangmi"}, ["thh"] = {"Northern Tarahumara"}, ["thi"] = {"Tai Long"}, ["thk"] = {"Tharaka", "Kitharaka"}, ["thl"] = {"Dangaura Tharu"}, ["thm"] = {"Aheu"}, ["thn"] = {"Thachanadan"}, ["thp"] = {"Thompson"}, ["thq"] = {"Kochila Tharu"}, ["thr"] = {"Rana Tharu"}, ["ths"] = {"Thakali"}, ["tht"] = {"Tahltan"}, ["thu"] = {"Thuri"}, ["thv"] = {"Tahaggart Tamahaq"}, ["thy"] = {"Tha"}, ["thz"] = {"Tayart Tamajeq"}, ["tia"] = {"Tidikelt Tamazight"}, ["tic"] = {"Tira"}, ["tif"] = {"Tifal"}, ["tig"] = {"Tigre"}, ["tih"] = {"Timugon Murut"}, ["tii"] = {"Tiene"}, ["tij"] = {"Tilung"}, ["tik"] = {"Tikar"}, ["til"] = {"Tillamook"}, ["tim"] = {"Timbe"}, ["tin"] = {"Tindi"}, ["tio"] = {"Teop"}, ["tip"] = {"Trimuris"}, ["tiq"] = {"Tiéfo"}, ["tis"] = {"Masadiit Itneg"}, ["tit"] = {"Tinigua"}, ["tiu"] = {"Adasen"}, ["tiv"] = {"Tiv"}, ["tiw"] = {"Tiwi"}, ["tix"] = {"Southern Tiwa"}, ["tiy"] = {"Tiruray"}, ["tiz"] = {"Tai Hongjin"}, ["tja"] = {"Tajuasohn"}, ["tjg"] = {"Tunjung"}, ["tji"] = {"Northern Tujia"}, ["tjj"] = {"Tjungundji"}, ["tjl"] = {"Tai Laing"}, ["tjm"] = {"Timucua"}, ["tjn"] = {"Tonjon"}, ["tjo"] = {"Temacine Tamazight"}, ["tjp"] = {"Tjupany"}, ["tjs"] = {"Southern Tujia"}, ["tju"] = {"Tjurruru"}, ["tjw"] = {"Djabwurrung"}, ["tka"] = {"Truká"}, ["tkb"] = {"Buksa"}, ["tkd"] = {"Tukudede"}, ["tke"] = {"Takwane"}, ["tkf"] = {"Tukumanféd"}, ["tkg"] = {"Tesaka Malagasy"}, ["tkl"] = {"Tokelau"}, ["tkm"] = {"Takelma"}, ["tkn"] = {"Toku-No-Shima"}, ["tkp"] = {"Tikopia"}, ["tkq"] = {"Tee"}, ["tkr"] = {"Цахур"}, ["tks"] = {"Takestani"}, ["tkt"] = {"Kathoriya Tharu"}, ["tku"] = {"Upper Necaxa Totonac"}, ["tkv"] = {"Mur Pano"}, ["tkw"] = {"Teanu"}, ["tkx"] = {"Tangko"}, ["tkz"] = {"Takua"}, ["tla"] = {"Southwestern Tepehuan"}, ["tlb"] = {"Tobelo"}, ["tlc"] = {"Yecuatla Totonac"}, ["tld"] = {"Talaud"}, ["tlf"] = {"Telefol"}, ["tlg"] = {"Tofanma"}, ["tlh"] = {"Klingon", "tlhIngan Hol"}, ["tli"] = {"Tlingit"}, ["tlj"] = {"Talinga-Bwisi"}, ["tlk"] = {"Taloki"}, ["tll"] = {"Tetela"}, ["tlm"] = {"Tolomako"}, ["tln"] = {"Talondo'"}, ["tlo"] = {"Talodi"}, ["tlp"] = {"Filomena Mata-Coahuitlán Totonac"}, ["tlq"] = {"Tai Loi"}, ["tlr"] = {"Talise"}, ["tls"] = {"Tambotalo"}, ["tlt"] = {"Sou Nama", "Teluti"}, ["tlu"] = {"Tulehu"}, ["tlv"] = {"Taliabu"}, ["tlx"] = {"Khehek"}, ["tly"] = {"Talysh"}, ["tma"] = {"Tama (Chad)"}, ["tmb"] = {"Katbol", "Avava"}, ["tmc"] = {"Tumak"}, ["tmd"] = {"Haruai"}, ["tme"] = {"Tremembé"}, ["tmf"] = {"Toba-Maskoy"}, ["tmg"] = {"Ternateño"}, ["tmh"] = {"Tamashek"}, ["tmi"] = {"Tutuba"}, ["tmj"] = {"Samarokena"}, ["tmk"] = {"Northwestern Tamang"}, ["tml"] = {"Tamnim Citak"}, ["tmm"] = {"Tai Thanh"}, ["tmn"] = {"Taman (Indonesia)"}, ["tmo"] = {"Temoq"}, ["tmq"] = {"Tumleo"}, ["tmr"] = {"Вавилоны Еврей-Арамей"}, ["tms"] = {"Tima"}, ["tmt"] = {"Tasmate"}, ["tmu"] = {"Iau"}, ["tmv"] = {"Tembo (Motembo)"}, ["tmw"] = {"Temuan"}, ["tmy"] = {"Tami"}, ["tmz"] = {"Tamanaku"}, ["tna"] = {"Tacana"}, ["tnb"] = {"Western Tunebo"}, ["tnc"] = {"Tanimuca-Retuarã"}, ["tnd"] = {"Angosturas Tunebo"}, ["tng"] = {"Tobanga"}, ["tnh"] = {"Maiani"}, ["tni"] = {"Tandia"}, ["tnk"] = {"Kwamera"}, ["tnl"] = {"Lenakel"}, ["tnm"] = {"Tabla"}, ["tnn"] = {"North Tanna"}, ["tno"] = {"Toromono"}, ["tnp"] = {"Whitesands"}, ["tnq"] = {"Taino"}, ["tnr"] = {"Ménik"}, ["tns"] = {"Tenis"}, ["tnt"] = {"Tontemboan"}, ["tnu"] = {"Tay Khang"}, ["tnv"] = {"Tangchangya"}, ["tnw"] = {"Tonsawang"}, ["tnx"] = {"Tanema"}, ["tny"] = {"Tongwe"}, ["tnz"] = {"Ten'edn"}, ["tob"] = {"Toba"}, ["toc"] = {"Coyutla Totonac"}, ["tod"] = {"Toma"}, ["tof"] = {"Gizrra"}, ["tog"] = {"Tonga (Nyasa)"}, ["toh"] = {"Gitonga"}, ["toi"] = {"Tonga (Zambia)"}, ["toj"] = {"Tojolabal"}, ["tol"] = {"Tolowa"}, ["tom"] = {"Tombulu"}, ["too"] = {"Xicotepec De Juárez Totonac"}, ["top"] = {"Papantla Totonac"}, ["toq"] = {"Toposa"}, ["tor"] = {"Togbo-Vara Banda"}, ["tos"] = {"Highland Totonac"}, ["tou"] = {"Tho"}, ["tov"] = {"Upper Taromi"}, ["tow"] = {"Jemez"}, ["tox"] = {"Tobian"}, ["toy"] = {"Topoiyo"}, ["toz"] = {"To"}, ["tpa"] = {"Taupota"}, ["tpc"] = {"Azoyú Me'phaa", "Azoyú Tlapanec"}, ["tpe"] = {"Tippera"}, ["tpf"] = {"Tarpia"}, ["tpg"] = {"Kula"}, ["tpi"] = {"Ток Писин"}, ["tpj"] = {"Tapieté"}, ["tpk"] = {"Tupinikin"}, ["tpl"] = {"Tlacoapa Me'phaa", "Tlacoapa Tlapanec"}, ["tpm"] = {"Tampulma"}, ["tpn"] = {"Tupinambá"}, ["tpo"] = {"Tai Pao"}, ["tpp"] = {"Pisaflores Tepehua"}, ["tpq"] = {"Tukpa"}, ["tpr"] = {"Tuparí"}, ["tpt"] = {"Tlachichilco Tepehua"}, ["tpu"] = {"Tampuan"}, ["tpv"] = {"Tanapag"}, ["tpw"] = {"Tupí"}, ["tpx"] = {"Acatepec Me'phaa", "Acatepec Tlapanec"}, ["tpy"] = {"Trumai"}, ["tpz"] = {"Tinputz"}, ["tqb"] = {"Tembé"}, ["tql"] = {"Lehali"}, ["tqm"] = {"Turumsa"}, ["tqn"] = {"Tenino"}, ["tqo"] = {"Toaripi"}, ["tqp"] = {"Tomoip"}, ["tqq"] = {"Tunni"}, ["tqr"] = {"Torona"}, ["tqt"] = {"Western Totonac"}, ["tqu"] = {"Touo"}, ["tqw"] = {"Tonkawa"}, ["tra"] = {"Tirahi"}, ["trb"] = {"Terebu"}, ["trc"] = {"Copala Triqui"}, ["trd"] = {"Turi"}, ["tre"] = {"East Tarangan"}, ["trf"] = {"Trinidadian Creole English"}, ["trg"] = {"Lishán Didán"}, ["trh"] = {"Turaka"}, ["tri"] = {"Trió"}, ["trj"] = {"Toram"}, ["trk"] = {"Turkic languages"}, ["trl"] = {"Traveller Scottish"}, ["trm"] = {"Tregami"}, ["trn"] = {"Trinitario"}, ["tro"] = {"Tarao Naga"}, ["trp"] = {"Kok Borok"}, ["trq"] = {"San Martín Itunyoso Triqui"}, ["trr"] = {"Taushiro"}, ["trs"] = {"Chicahuaxtla Triqui"}, ["trt"] = {"Tunggare"}, ["tru"] = {"Turoyo", "Surayt"}, ["trv"] = {"Taroko"}, ["trw"] = {"Torwali"}, ["trx"] = {"Tringgus-Sembaan Bidayuh"}, ["try"] = {"Turung"}, ["trz"] = {"Torá"}, ["tsa"] = {"Tsaangi"}, ["tsb"] = {"Tsamai"}, ["tsc"] = {"Tswa"}, ["tsd"] = {"Tsakonian"}, ["tse"] = {"Tunisian Sign Language"}, ["tsg"] = {"Tausug"}, ["tsh"] = {"Tsuvan"}, ["tsi"] = {"Tsimshian"}, ["tsj"] = {"Tshangla"}, ["tsk"] = {"Tseku"}, ["tsl"] = {"Ts'ün-Lao"}, ["tsm"] = {"Turkish Sign Language", "Türk İşaret Dili"}, ["tsp"] = {"Northern Toussian"}, ["tsq"] = {"Thai Sign Language"}, ["tsr"] = {"Akei"}, ["tss"] = {"Taiwan Sign Language"}, ["tst"] = {"Tondi Songway Kiini"}, ["tsu"] = {"Tsou"}, ["tsv"] = {"Tsogo"}, ["tsw"] = {"Tsishingini"}, ["tsx"] = {"Mubami"}, ["tsy"] = {"Tebul Sign Language"}, ["tsz"] = {"Purepecha"}, ["tta"] = {"Tutelo"}, ["ttb"] = {"Gaa"}, ["ttc"] = {"Tektiteko"}, ["ttd"] = {"Tauade"}, ["tte"] = {"Bwanabwana"}, ["ttf"] = {"Tuotomb"}, ["ttg"] = {"Tutong"}, ["tth"] = {"Upper Ta'oih"}, ["tti"] = {"Tobati"}, ["ttj"] = {"Tooro"}, ["ttk"] = {"Totoro"}, ["ttl"] = {"Totela"}, ["ttm"] = {"Northern Tutchone"}, ["ttn"] = {"Towei"}, ["tto"] = {"Lower Ta'oih"}, ["ttp"] = {"Tombelala"}, ["ttq"] = {"Tawallammat Tamajaq"}, ["ttr"] = {"Tera"}, ["tts"] = {"Northeastern Thai"}, ["ttt"] = {"Лалын Тат"}, ["ttu"] = {"Torau"}, ["ttv"] = {"Titan"}, ["ttw"] = {"Long Wat"}, ["tty"] = {"Sikaritai"}, ["ttz"] = {"Tsum"}, ["tua"] = {"Wiarumus"}, ["tub"] = {"Tübatulabal"}, ["tuc"] = {"Mutu"}, ["tud"] = {"Tuxá"}, ["tue"] = {"Tuyuca"}, ["tuf"] = {"Central Tunebo"}, ["tug"] = {"Tunia"}, ["tuh"] = {"Taulil"}, ["tui"] = {"Tupuri"}, ["tuj"] = {"Tugutil"}, ["tul"] = {"Tula"}, ["tum"] = {"Тумбука"}, ["tun"] = {"Tunica"}, ["tuo"] = {"Tucano"}, ["tup"] = {"Tupi languages"}, ["tuq"] = {"Tedaga"}, ["tus"] = {"Tuscarora"}, ["tut"] = {"Altaic languages"}, ["tuu"] = {"Tututni"}, ["tuv"] = {"Turkana"}, ["tuw"] = {"Tungus languages"}, ["tux"] = {"Tuxináwa"}, ["tuy"] = {"Tugen"}, ["tuz"] = {"Turka"}, ["tva"] = {"Vaghua"}, ["tvd"] = {"Tsuvadi"}, ["tve"] = {"Te'un"}, ["tvk"] = {"Southeast Ambrym"}, ["tvl"] = {"Тувалу"}, ["tvm"] = {"Tela-Masbuar"}, ["tvn"] = {"Tavoyan"}, ["tvo"] = {"Tidore"}, ["tvs"] = {"Taveta"}, ["tvt"] = {"Tutsa Naga"}, ["tvu"] = {"Tunen"}, ["tvw"] = {"Sedoa"}, ["tvx"] = {"Taivoan"}, ["tvy"] = {"Timor Pidgin"}, ["twa"] = {"Twana"}, ["twb"] = {"Western Tawbuid"}, ["twc"] = {"Teshenawa"}, ["twd"] = {"Twents"}, ["twe"] = {"Tewa (Indonesia)"}, ["twf"] = {"Northern Tiwa"}, ["twg"] = {"Tereweng"}, ["twh"] = {"Tai Dón"}, ["twl"] = {"Tawara"}, ["twm"] = {"Tawang Monpa"}, ["twn"] = {"Twendi"}, ["two"] = {"Tswapong"}, ["twp"] = {"Ere"}, ["twq"] = {"Tasawaq"}, ["twr"] = {"Southwestern Tarahumara"}, ["twt"] = {"Turiwára"}, ["twu"] = {"Termanu"}, ["tww"] = {"Tuwari"}, ["twx"] = {"Tewe"}, ["twy"] = {"Tawoyan"}, ["txa"] = {"Tombonuo"}, ["txb"] = {"Tokharian B"}, ["txc"] = {"Tsetsaut"}, ["txe"] = {"Totoli"}, ["txg"] = {"Tangut"}, ["txh"] = {"Thracian"}, ["txi"] = {"Ikpeng"}, ["txj"] = {"Tarjumo"}, ["txm"] = {"Tomini"}, ["txn"] = {"West Tarangan"}, ["txo"] = {"Toto"}, ["txq"] = {"Tii"}, ["txr"] = {"Tartessian"}, ["txs"] = {"Tonsea"}, ["txt"] = {"Citak"}, ["txu"] = {"Kayapó"}, ["txx"] = {"Tatana"}, ["txy"] = {"Tanosy Malagasy"}, ["tya"] = {"Tauya"}, ["tye"] = {"Kyanga"}, ["tyh"] = {"O'du"}, ["tyi"] = {"Teke-Tsaayi"}, ["tyj"] = {"Tai Do", "Tai Yo"}, ["tyl"] = {"Thu Lao"}, ["tyn"] = {"Kombai"}, ["typ"] = {"Thaypan"}, ["tyr"] = {"Tai Daeng"}, ["tys"] = {"Tày Sa Pa"}, ["tyt"] = {"Tày Tac"}, ["tyu"] = {"Kua"}, ["tyv"] = {"Тува"}, ["tyx"] = {"Teke-Tyee"}, ["tyy"] = {"Tiyaa"}, ["tyz"] = {"Tày"}, ["tza"] = {"Tanzanian Sign Language"}, ["tzh"] = {"Tzeltal"}, ["tzj"] = {"Tz'utujil"}, ["tzl"] = {"Talossan"}, ["tzm"] = {"Central Atlas Tamazight"}, ["tzn"] = {"Tugun"}, ["tzo"] = {"Tzotzil"}, ["tzx"] = {"Tabriak"}, ["uam"] = {"Uamué"}, ["uan"] = {"Kuan"}, ["uar"] = {"Tairuma"}, ["uba"] = {"Ubang"}, ["ubi"] = {"Ubi"}, ["ubl"] = {"Buhi'non Bikol"}, ["ubr"] = {"Ubir"}, ["ubu"] = {"Umbu-Ungu"}, ["uby"] = {"Ubykh"}, ["uda"] = {"Uda"}, ["ude"] = {"Udihe"}, ["udg"] = {"Muduga"}, ["udi"] = {"Udi"}, ["udj"] = {"Ujir"}, ["udl"] = {"Wuzlam"}, ["udm"] = {"Удмурт"}, ["udu"] = {"Uduk"}, ["ues"] = {"Kioko"}, ["ufi"] = {"Ufim"}, ["uga"] = {"Ugaritic"}, ["ugb"] = {"Kuku-Ugbanh"}, ["uge"] = {"Ughele"}, ["ugn"] = {"Ugandan Sign Language"}, ["ugo"] = {"Ugong"}, ["ugy"] = {"Uruguayan Sign Language"}, ["uha"] = {"Uhami"}, ["uhn"] = {"Damal"}, ["uis"] = {"Uisai"}, ["uiv"] = {"Iyive"}, ["uji"] = {"Tanjijili"}, ["uka"] = {"Kaburi"}, ["ukg"] = {"Ukuriguma"}, ["ukh"] = {"Ukhwejo"}, ["uki"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["ukk"] = {"Muak Sa-aak"}, ["ukl"] = {"Ukrainian Sign Language"}, ["ukp"] = {"Ukpe-Bayobiri"}, ["ukq"] = {"Ukwa"}, ["uks"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor Sign Language", "Kaapor Sign Language"}, ["uku"] = {"Ukue"}, ["ukv"] = {"Kuku"}, ["ukw"] = {"Ukwuani-Aboh-Ndoni"}, ["uky"] = {"Kuuk-Yak"}, ["ula"] = {"Fungwa"}, ["ulb"] = {"Ulukwumi"}, ["ulc"] = {"Ulch"}, ["ule"] = {"Lule"}, ["ulf"] = {"Usku", "Afra"}, ["uli"] = {"Ulithian"}, ["ulk"] = {"Meriam Mir"}, ["ull"] = {"Ullatan"}, ["ulm"] = {"Ulumanda'"}, ["uln"] = {"Unserdeutsch"}, ["ulu"] = {"Uma' Lung"}, ["ulw"] = {"Ulwa"}, ["uma"] = {"Umatilla"}, ["umb"] = {"Umbundu"}, ["umc"] = {"Marrucinian"}, ["umd"] = {"Umbindhamu"}, ["umg"] = {"Morrobalama", "Umbuygamu"}, ["umi"] = {"Ukit"}, ["umm"] = {"Umon"}, ["umn"] = {"Makyan Naga"}, ["umo"] = {"Umotína"}, ["ump"] = {"Umpila"}, ["umr"] = {"Umbugarla"}, ["ums"] = {"Pendau"}, ["umu"] = {"Munsee"}, ["una"] = {"North Watut"}, ["und"] = {"Тодорхойгүй"}, ["une"] = {"Uneme"}, ["ung"] = {"Ngarinyin"}, ["uni"] = {"Uni"}, ["unk"] = {"Enawené-Nawé"}, ["unm"] = {"Unami"}, ["unn"] = {"Kurnai"}, ["unr"] = {"Mundari"}, ["unu"] = {"Unubahe"}, ["unx"] = {"Munda"}, ["unz"] = {"Unde Kaili"}, ["upi"] = {"Umeda"}, ["upv"] = {"Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin"}, ["ura"] = {"Urarina"}, ["urb"] = {"Urubú-Kaapor", "Kaapor"}, ["urc"] = {"Urningangg"}, ["ure"] = {"Uru"}, ["urf"] = {"Uradhi"}, ["urg"] = {"Urigina"}, ["urh"] = {"Urhobo"}, ["uri"] = {"Urim"}, ["urj"] = {"Uralic languages"}, ["urk"] = {"Urak Lawoi'"}, ["url"] = {"Urali"}, ["urm"] = {"Urapmin"}, ["urn"] = {"Uruangnirin"}, ["uro"] = {"Ura (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["urp"] = {"Uru-Pa-In"}, ["urr"] = {"Lehalurup", "Löyöp"}, ["urt"] = {"Urat"}, ["uru"] = {"Urumi"}, ["urv"] = {"Uruava"}, ["urw"] = {"Sop"}, ["urx"] = {"Urimo"}, ["ury"] = {"Orya"}, ["urz"] = {"Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau"}, ["usa"] = {"Usarufa"}, ["ush"] = {"Ushojo"}, ["usi"] = {"Usui"}, ["usk"] = {"Usaghade"}, ["usp"] = {"Uspanteco"}, ["uss"] = {"us-Saare"}, ["usu"] = {"Uya"}, ["uta"] = {"Otank"}, ["ute"] = {"Ute-Southern Paiute"}, ["uth"] = {"ut-Hun"}, ["utp"] = {"Amba (Solomon Islands)"}, ["utr"] = {"Etulo"}, ["utu"] = {"Utu"}, ["uum"] = {"Urum"}, ["uun"] = {"Kulon-Pazeh"}, ["uur"] = {"Ura (Vanuatu)"}, ["uuu"] = {"U"}, ["uve"] = {"West Uvean", "Fagauvea"}, ["uvh"] = {"Uri"}, ["uvl"] = {"Lote"}, ["uwa"] = {"Kuku-Uwanh"}, ["uya"] = {"Doko-Uyanga"}, ["uzn"] = {"Northern Uzbek"}, ["uzs"] = {"Southern Uzbek"}, ["vaa"] = {"Vaagri Booli"}, ["vae"] = {"Vale"}, ["vaf"] = {"Vafsi"}, ["vag"] = {"Vagla"}, ["vah"] = {"Varhadi-Nagpuri"}, ["vai"] = {"Vai"}, ["vaj"] = {"Sekele", "Northwestern ǃKung", "Vasekele"}, ["val"] = {"Vehes"}, ["vam"] = {"Vanimo"}, ["van"] = {"Valman"}, ["vao"] = {"Vao"}, ["vap"] = {"Vaiphei"}, ["var"] = {"Huarijio"}, ["vas"] = {"Vasavi"}, ["vau"] = {"Vanuma"}, ["vav"] = {"Varli"}, ["vay"] = {"Wayu"}, ["vbb"] = {"Southeast Babar"}, ["vbk"] = {"Southwestern Bontok"}, ["vec"] = {"Венец"}, ["ved"] = {"Veddah"}, ["vel"] = {"Veluws"}, ["vem"] = {"Vemgo-Mabas"}, ["veo"] = {"Ventureño"}, ["vep"] = {"Veps"}, ["ver"] = {"Mom Jango"}, ["vgr"] = {"Vaghri"}, ["vgt"] = {"Vlaamse Gebarentaal", "Flemish Sign Language"}, ["vic"] = {"Virgin Islands Creole English"}, ["vid"] = {"Vidunda"}, ["vif"] = {"Vili"}, ["vig"] = {"Viemo"}, ["vil"] = {"Vilela"}, ["vin"] = {"Vinza"}, ["vis"] = {"Vishavan"}, ["vit"] = {"Viti"}, ["viv"] = {"Iduna"}, ["vka"] = {"Kariyarra"}, ["vkj"] = {"Kujarge"}, ["vkk"] = {"Kaur"}, ["vkl"] = {"Kulisusu"}, ["vkm"] = {"Kamakan"}, ["vkn"] = {"Koro Nulu"}, ["vko"] = {"Kodeoha"}, ["vkp"] = {"Korlai Creole Portuguese"}, ["vkt"] = {"Tenggarong Kutai Malay"}, ["vku"] = {"Kurrama"}, ["vkz"] = {"Koro Zuba"}, ["vlp"] = {"Valpei"}, ["vls"] = {"Vlaams"}, ["vma"] = {"Martuyhunira"}, ["vmb"] = {"Barbaram"}, ["vmc"] = {"Juxtlahuaca Mixtec"}, ["vmd"] = {"Mudu Koraga"}, ["vme"] = {"East Masela"}, ["vmf"] = {"Майны Франк"}, ["vmg"] = {"Lungalunga"}, ["vmh"] = {"Maraghei"}, ["vmi"] = {"Miwa"}, ["vmj"] = {"Ixtayutla Mixtec"}, ["vmk"] = {"Makhuwa-Shirima"}, ["vml"] = {"Malgana"}, ["vmm"] = {"Mitlatongo Mixtec"}, ["vmp"] = {"Soyaltepec Mazatec"}, ["vmq"] = {"Soyaltepec Mixtec"}, ["vmr"] = {"Marenje"}, ["vms"] = {"Moksela"}, ["vmu"] = {"Muluridyi"}, ["vmv"] = {"Valley Maidu"}, ["vmw"] = {"Makhuwa"}, ["vmx"] = {"Tamazola Mixtec"}, ["vmy"] = {"Ayautla Mazatec"}, ["vmz"] = {"Mazatlán Mazatec"}, ["vnk"] = {"Vano", "Lovono"}, ["vnm"] = {"Vinmavis", "Neve'ei"}, ["vnp"] = {"Vunapu"}, ["vor"] = {"Voro"}, ["vot"] = {"Votic"}, ["vra"] = {"Vera'a"}, ["vro"] = {"Võro"}, ["vrs"] = {"Varisi"}, ["vrt"] = {"Burmbar", "Banam Bay"}, ["vsi"] = {"Moldova Sign Language"}, ["vsl"] = {"Venezuelan Sign Language"}, ["vsv"] = {"Valencian Sign Language", "Llengua de signes valenciana"}, ["vto"] = {"Vitou"}, ["vum"] = {"Vumbu"}, ["vun"] = {"Vunjo"}, ["vut"] = {"Vute"}, ["vwa"] = {"Awa (China)"}, ["waa"] = {"Walla Walla"}, ["wab"] = {"Wab"}, ["wac"] = {"Wasco-Wishram"}, ["wad"] = {"Wamesa", "Wondama"}, ["wae"] = {"Walser"}, ["waf"] = {"Wakoná"}, ["wag"] = {"Wa'ema"}, ["wah"] = {"Watubela"}, ["wai"] = {"Wares"}, ["waj"] = {"Waffa"}, ["wak"] = {"Wakashan languages"}, ["wal"] = {"Wolaytta", "Wolaitta"}, ["wam"] = {"Wampanoag"}, ["wan"] = {"Wan"}, ["wao"] = {"Wappo"}, ["wap"] = {"Wapishana"}, ["waq"] = {"Wagiman"}, ["war"] = {"Waray (Philippines)"}, ["was"] = {"Washo"}, ["wat"] = {"Kaninuwa"}, ["wau"] = {"Waurá"}, ["wav"] = {"Waka"}, ["waw"] = {"Waiwai"}, ["wax"] = {"Watam", "Marangis"}, ["way"] = {"Wayana"}, ["waz"] = {"Wampur"}, ["wba"] = {"Warao"}, ["wbb"] = {"Wabo"}, ["wbe"] = {"Waritai"}, ["wbf"] = {"Wara"}, ["wbh"] = {"Wanda"}, ["wbi"] = {"Vwanji"}, ["wbj"] = {"Alagwa"}, ["wbk"] = {"Waigali"}, ["wbl"] = {"Wakhi"}, ["wbm"] = {"Wa"}, ["wbp"] = {"Warlpiri"}, ["wbq"] = {"Waddar"}, ["wbr"] = {"Wagdi"}, ["wbs"] = {"West Bengal Sign Language"}, ["wbt"] = {"Warnman"}, ["wbv"] = {"Wajarri"}, ["wbw"] = {"Woi"}, ["wca"] = {"Yanomámi"}, ["wci"] = {"Waci Gbe"}, ["wdd"] = {"Wandji"}, ["wdg"] = {"Wadaginam"}, ["wdj"] = {"Wadjiginy"}, ["wdk"] = {"Wadikali"}, ["wdu"] = {"Wadjigu"}, ["wdy"] = {"Wadjabangayi"}, ["wea"] = {"Wewaw"}, ["wec"] = {"Wè Western"}, ["wed"] = {"Wedau"}, ["weg"] = {"Wergaia"}, ["weh"] = {"Weh"}, ["wei"] = {"Kiunum"}, ["wem"] = {"Weme Gbe"}, ["wen"] = {"Sorbian languages"}, ["weo"] = {"Wemale"}, ["wep"] = {"Вестфали"}, ["wer"] = {"Weri"}, ["wes"] = {"Cameroon Pidgin"}, ["wet"] = {"Perai"}, ["weu"] = {"Rawngtu Chin"}, ["wew"] = {"Wejewa"}, ["wfg"] = {"Yafi", "Zorop"}, ["wga"] = {"Wagaya"}, ["wgb"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wgg"] = {"Wangkangurru", "Wangganguru"}, ["wgi"] = {"Wahgi"}, ["wgo"] = {"Waigeo"}, ["wgu"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wgy"] = {"Warrgamay"}, ["wha"] = {"Sou Upaa", "Manusela"}, ["whg"] = {"North Wahgi"}, ["whk"] = {"Wahau Kenyah"}, ["whu"] = {"Wahau Kayan"}, ["wib"] = {"Southern Toussian"}, ["wic"] = {"Wichita"}, ["wie"] = {"Wik-Epa"}, ["wif"] = {"Wik-Keyangan"}, ["wig"] = {"Wik Ngathan"}, ["wih"] = {"Wik-Me'anha"}, ["wii"] = {"Minidien"}, ["wij"] = {"Wik-Iiyanh"}, ["wik"] = {"Wikalkan"}, ["wil"] = {"Wilawila"}, ["wim"] = {"Wik-Mungkan"}, ["win"] = {"Ho-Chunk"}, ["wir"] = {"Wiraféd"}, ["wiu"] = {"Wiru"}, ["wiv"] = {"Vitu"}, ["wiy"] = {"Wiyot"}, ["wja"] = {"Waja"}, ["wji"] = {"Warji"}, ["wka"] = {"Kw'adza"}, ["wkb"] = {"Kumbaran"}, ["wkd"] = {"Wakde", "Mo"}, ["wkl"] = {"Kalanadi"}, ["wkr"] = {"Keerray-Woorroong"}, ["wku"] = {"Kunduvadi"}, ["wkw"] = {"Wakawaka"}, ["wky"] = {"Wangkayutyuru"}, ["wla"] = {"Walio"}, ["wlc"] = {"Mwali Comorian"}, ["wle"] = {"Wolane"}, ["wlg"] = {"Kunbarlang"}, ["wlh"] = {"Welaun"}, ["wli"] = {"Waioli"}, ["wlk"] = {"Wailaki"}, ["wll"] = {"Wali (Sudan)"}, ["wlm"] = {"Middle Welsh"}, ["wlo"] = {"Wolio"}, ["wlr"] = {"Wailapa"}, ["wls"] = {"Wallisian"}, ["wlu"] = {"Wuliwuli"}, ["wlv"] = {"Wichí Lhamtés Vejoz"}, ["wlw"] = {"Walak"}, ["wlx"] = {"Wali (Ghana)"}, ["wly"] = {"Waling"}, ["wma"] = {"Mawa (Nigeria)"}, ["wmb"] = {"Wambaya"}, ["wmc"] = {"Wamas"}, ["wmd"] = {"Mamaindé"}, ["wme"] = {"Wambule"}, ["wmg"] = {"Western Minyag"}, ["wmh"] = {"Waima'a"}, ["wmi"] = {"Wamin"}, ["wmm"] = {"Maiwa (Indonesia)"}, ["wmn"] = {"Waamwang"}, ["wmo"] = {"Wom (Papua New Guinea)"}, ["wms"] = {"Wambon"}, ["wmt"] = {"Walmajarri"}, ["wmw"] = {"Mwani"}, ["wmx"] = {"Womo"}, ["wnb"] = {"Wanambre"}, ["wnc"] = {"Wantoat"}, ["wnd"] = {"Wandarang"}, ["wne"] = {"Waneci"}, ["wng"] = {"Wanggom"}, ["wni"] = {"Ndzwani Comorian"}, ["wnk"] = {"Wanukaka"}, ["wnm"] = {"Wanggamala"}, ["wnn"] = {"Wunumara"}, ["wno"] = {"Wano"}, ["wnp"] = {"Wanap"}, ["wnu"] = {"Usan"}, ["wnw"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wny"] = {"Wanyi", "Waanyi"}, ["woa"] = {"Kuwema", "Tyaraity"}, ["wob"] = {"Wè Northern"}, ["woc"] = {"Wogeo"}, ["wod"] = {"Wolani"}, ["woe"] = {"Woleaian"}, ["wof"] = {"Gambian Wolof"}, ["wog"] = {"Wogamusin"}, ["woi"] = {"Kamang"}, ["wok"] = {"Longto"}, ["wom"] = {"Wom (Nigeria)"}, ["won"] = {"Wongo"}, ["woo"] = {"Manombai"}, ["wor"] = {"Woria"}, ["wos"] = {"Hanga Hundi"}, ["wow"] = {"Wawonii"}, ["woy"] = {"Weyto"}, ["wpc"] = {"Maco"}, ["wrb"] = {"Waluwarra", "Warluwara"}, ["wrd"] = {"Warduji"}, ["wrg"] = {"Warungu", "Gudjal"}, ["wrh"] = {"Wiradjuri"}, ["wri"] = {"Wariyangga"}, ["wrk"] = {"Garrwa"}, ["wrl"] = {"Warlmanpa"}, ["wrm"] = {"Warumungu"}, ["wrn"] = {"Warnang"}, ["wro"] = {"Worrorra"}, ["wrp"] = {"Waropen"}, ["wrr"] = {"Wardaman"}, ["wrs"] = {"Waris"}, ["wru"] = {"Waru"}, ["wrv"] = {"Waruna"}, ["wrw"] = {"Gugu Warra"}, ["wrx"] = {"Wae Rana"}, ["wry"] = {"Merwari"}, ["wrz"] = {"Waray (Australia)"}, ["wsa"] = {"Warembori"}, ["wsg"] = {"Adilabad Gondi"}, ["wsi"] = {"Wusi"}, ["wsk"] = {"Waskia"}, ["wsr"] = {"Owenia"}, ["wss"] = {"Wasa"}, ["wsu"] = {"Wasu"}, ["wsv"] = {"Wotapuri-Katarqalai"}, ["wtf"] = {"Watiwa"}, ["wth"] = {"Wathawurrung"}, ["wti"] = {"Berta"}, ["wtk"] = {"Watakataui"}, ["wtm"] = {"Mewati"}, ["wtw"] = {"Wotu"}, ["wua"] = {"Wikngenchera"}, ["wub"] = {"Wunambal"}, ["wud"] = {"Wudu"}, ["wuh"] = {"Wutunhua"}, ["wul"] = {"Silimo"}, ["wum"] = {"Wumbvu"}, ["wun"] = {"Bungu"}, ["wur"] = {"Wurrugu"}, ["wut"] = {"Wutung"}, ["wuu"] = {"Wu Chinese"}, ["wuv"] = {"Wuvulu-Aua"}, ["wux"] = {"Wulna"}, ["wuy"] = {"Wauyai"}, ["wwa"] = {"Waama"}, ["wwb"] = {"Wakabunga"}, ["wwo"] = {"Wetamut", "Dorig"}, ["wwr"] = {"Warrwa"}, ["www"] = {"Wawa"}, ["wxa"] = {"Waxianghua"}, ["wxw"] = {"Wardandi"}, ["wya"] = {"Wyandot"}, ["wyb"] = {"Wangaaybuwan-Ngiyambaa"}, ["wyi"] = {"Woiwurrung"}, ["wym"] = {"Wymysorys"}, ["wyr"] = {"Wayoró"}, ["wyy"] = {"Western Fijian"}, ["xaa"] = {"Andalusian Arabic"}, ["xab"] = {"Sambe"}, ["xac"] = {"Kachari"}, ["xad"] = {"Adai"}, ["xae"] = {"Aequian"}, ["xag"] = {"Aghwan"}, ["xai"] = {"Kaimbé"}, ["xaj"] = {"Ararandewára"}, ["xak"] = {"Máku"}, ["xal"] = {"Халимаг", "Ойрад"}, ["xam"] = {"Цъхам"}, ["xan"] = {"Xamtanga"}, ["xao"] = {"Khao"}, ["xap"] = {"Apalachee"}, ["xaq"] = {"Aquitanian"}, ["xar"] = {"Karami"}, ["xas"] = {"Kamas"}, ["xat"] = {"Katawixi"}, ["xau"] = {"Kauwera"}, ["xav"] = {"Xavánte"}, ["xaw"] = {"Kawaiisu"}, ["xay"] = {"Kayan Mahakam"}, ["xbb"] = {"Lower Burdekin"}, ["xbc"] = {"Bactrian"}, ["xbd"] = {"Bindal"}, ["xbe"] = {"Bigambal"}, ["xbg"] = {"Bunganditj"}, ["xbi"] = {"Kombio"}, ["xbj"] = {"Birrpayi"}, ["xbm"] = {"Middle Breton"}, ["xbn"] = {"Kenaboi"}, ["xbo"] = {"Bolgarian"}, ["xbp"] = {"Bibbulman"}, ["xbr"] = {"Kambera"}, ["xbw"] = {"Kambiwá"}, ["xby"] = {"Batjala", "Batyala"}, ["xcb"] = {"Cumbric"}, ["xcc"] = {"Camunic"}, ["xce"] = {"Celtiberian"}, ["xcg"] = {"Cisalpine Gaulish"}, ["xch"] = {"Chemakum", "Chimakum"}, ["xcl"] = {"Classical Armenian"}, ["xcm"] = {"Comecrudo"}, ["xcn"] = {"Cotoname"}, ["xco"] = {"Chorasmian"}, ["xcr"] = {"Carian"}, ["xct"] = {"Classical Tibetan"}, ["xcu"] = {"Curonian"}, ["xcv"] = {"Chuvantsy"}, ["xcw"] = {"Coahuilteco"}, ["xcy"] = {"Cayuse"}, ["xda"] = {"Darkinyung"}, ["xdc"] = {"Dacian"}, ["xdk"] = {"Dharuk"}, ["xdm"] = {"Edomite"}, ["xdo"] = {"Kwandu"}, ["xdy"] = {"Malayic Dayak"}, ["xeb"] = {"Eblan"}, ["xed"] = {"Hdi"}, ["xeg"] = {"ǁXegwi"}, ["xel"] = {"Kelo"}, ["xem"] = {"Kembayan"}, ["xep"] = {"Epi-Olmec"}, ["xer"] = {"Xerénte"}, ["xes"] = {"Kesawai"}, ["xet"] = {"Xetá"}, ["xeu"] = {"Keoru-Ahia"}, ["xfa"] = {"Faliscan"}, ["xga"] = {"Galatian"}, ["xgb"] = {"Gbin"}, ["xgd"] = {"Gudang"}, ["xgf"] = {"Gabrielino-Fernandeño"}, ["xgg"] = {"Goreng"}, ["xgi"] = {"Garingbal"}, ["xgl"] = {"Galindan"}, ["xgm"] = {"Dharumbal", "Guwinmal"}, ["xgn"] = {"Mongolian languages"}, ["xgr"] = {"Garza"}, ["xgu"] = {"Unggumi"}, ["xgw"] = {"Guwa"}, ["xha"] = {"Harami"}, ["xhc"] = {"Hunnic"}, ["xhd"] = {"Hadrami"}, ["xhe"] = {"Khetrani"}, ["xhr"] = {"Hernican"}, ["xht"] = {"Hattic"}, ["xhu"] = {"Hurrian"}, ["xhv"] = {"Khua"}, ["xib"] = {"Iberian"}, ["xii"] = {"Xiri"}, ["xil"] = {"Illyrian"}, ["xin"] = {"Xinca"}, ["xir"] = {"Xiriâna"}, ["xis"] = {"Kisan"}, ["xiv"] = {"Indus Valley Language"}, ["xiy"] = {"Xipaya"}, ["xjb"] = {"Minjungbal"}, ["xjt"] = {"Jaitmatang"}, ["xka"] = {"Kalkoti"}, ["xkb"] = {"Northern Nago"}, ["xkc"] = {"Kho'ini"}, ["xkd"] = {"Mendalam Kayan"}, ["xke"] = {"Kereho"}, ["xkf"] = {"Khengkha"}, ["xkg"] = {"Kagoro"}, ["xki"] = {"Kenyan Sign Language"}, ["xkj"] = {"Kajali"}, ["xkk"] = {"Kaco'"}, ["xkl"] = {"Mainstream Kenyah"}, ["xkn"] = {"Kayan River Kayan"}, ["xko"] = {"Kiorr"}, ["xkp"] = {"Kabatei"}, ["xkq"] = {"Koroni"}, ["xkr"] = {"Xakriabá"}, ["xks"] = {"Kumbewaha"}, ["xkt"] = {"Kantosi"}, ["xku"] = {"Kaamba"}, ["xkv"] = {"Kgalagadi"}, ["xkw"] = {"Kembra"}, ["xkx"] = {"Karore"}, ["xky"] = {"Uma' Lasan"}, ["xkz"] = {"Kurtokha"}, ["xla"] = {"Kamula"}, ["xlb"] = {"Loup B"}, ["xlc"] = {"Lycian"}, ["xld"] = {"Lydian"}, ["xle"] = {"Lemnian"}, ["xlg"] = {"Ligurian (Ancient)"}, ["xli"] = {"Liburnian"}, ["xln"] = {"Alanic"}, ["xlo"] = {"Loup A"}, ["xlp"] = {"Lepontic"}, ["xls"] = {"Lusitanian"}, ["xlu"] = {"Cuneiform Luwian"}, ["xly"] = {"Elymian"}, ["xma"] = {"Mushungulu"}, ["xmb"] = {"Mbonga"}, ["xmc"] = {"Makhuwa-Marrevone"}, ["xmd"] = {"Mbudum"}, ["xme"] = {"Median"}, ["xmf"] = {"Mingrelian"}, ["xmg"] = {"Mengaka"}, ["xmh"] = {"Kugu-Muminh"}, ["xmj"] = {"Majera"}, ["xmk"] = {"Ancient Macedonian"}, ["xml"] = {"Malaysian Sign Language"}, ["xmm"] = {"Manado Malay"}, ["xmn"] = {"Manichaean Middle Persian"}, ["xmo"] = {"Morerebi"}, ["xmp"] = {"Kuku-Mu'inh"}, ["xmq"] = {"Kuku-Mangk"}, ["xmr"] = {"Meroitic"}, ["xms"] = {"Moroccan Sign Language"}, ["xmt"] = {"Matbat"}, ["xmu"] = {"Kamu"}, ["xmv"] = {"Antankarana Malagasy", "Tankarana Malagasy"}, ["xmw"] = {"Tsimihety Malagasy"}, ["xmx"] = {"Maden"}, ["xmy"] = {"Mayaguduna"}, ["xmz"] = {"Mori Bawah"}, ["xna"] = {"Ancient North Arabian"}, ["xnb"] = {"Kanakanabu"}, ["xnd"] = {"Na-Dene languages"}, ["xng"] = {"Middle Mongolian"}, ["xnh"] = {"Kuanhua"}, ["xni"] = {"Ngarigu"}, ["xnj"] = {"Ngoni (Tanzania)"}, ["xnk"] = {"Nganakarti"}, ["xnm"] = {"Ngumbarl"}, ["xnn"] = {"Northern Kankanay"}, ["xno"] = {"Англи-Норман"}, ["xnq"] = {"Ngoni (Mozambique)"}, ["xnr"] = {"Kangri"}, ["xns"] = {"Kanashi"}, ["xnt"] = {"Narragansett"}, ["xnu"] = {"Nukunul"}, ["xny"] = {"Nyiyaparli"}, ["xnz"] = {"Kenzi", "Mattoki"}, ["xoc"] = {"O'chi'chi'"}, ["xod"] = {"Kokoda"}, ["xog"] = {"Сога"}, ["xoi"] = {"Kominimung"}, ["xok"] = {"Xokleng"}, ["xom"] = {"Komo (Sudan)"}, ["xon"] = {"Konkomba"}, ["xoo"] = {"Xukurú"}, ["xop"] = {"Kopar"}, ["xor"] = {"Korubo"}, ["xow"] = {"Kowaki"}, ["xpa"] = {"Pirriya"}, ["xpb"] = {"Northeastern Tasmanian", "Pyemmairrener"}, ["xpc"] = {"Pecheneg"}, ["xpd"] = {"Oyster Bay Tasmanian"}, ["xpe"] = {"Liberia Kpelle"}, ["xpf"] = {"Өмнөд Тасмани", "Нюенонн"}, ["xpg"] = {"Phrygian"}, ["xph"] = {"North Midlands Tasmanian", "Tyerrenoterpanner"}, ["xpi"] = {"Pictish"}, ["xpj"] = {"Mpalitjanh"}, ["xpk"] = {"Kulina Pano"}, ["xpl"] = {"Port Sorell Tasmanian"}, ["xpm"] = {"Pumpokol"}, ["xpn"] = {"Kapinawá"}, ["xpo"] = {"Pochutec"}, ["xpp"] = {"Puyo-Paekche"}, ["xpq"] = {"Mohegan-Pequot"}, ["xpr"] = {"Parthian"}, ["xps"] = {"Pisidian"}, ["xpt"] = {"Punthamara"}, ["xpu"] = {"Punic"}, ["xpv"] = {"Northern Tasmanian", "Tommeginne"}, ["xpw"] = {"Northwestern Tasmanian", "Peerapper"}, ["xpx"] = {"Southwestern Tasmanian", "Toogee"}, ["xpy"] = {"Puyo"}, ["xpz"] = {"Bruny Island Tasmanian"}, ["xqa"] = {"Karakhanid"}, ["xqt"] = {"Qatabanian"}, ["xra"] = {"Krahô"}, ["xrb"] = {"Eastern Karaboro"}, ["xrd"] = {"Gundungurra"}, ["xre"] = {"Kreye"}, ["xrg"] = {"Minang"}, ["xri"] = {"Krikati-Timbira"}, ["xrm"] = {"Armazic"}, ["xrn"] = {"Arin"}, ["xrr"] = {"Raetic"}, ["xrt"] = {"Aranama-Tamique"}, ["xru"] = {"Marriammu"}, ["xrw"] = {"Karawa"}, ["xsa"] = {"Sabaean"}, ["xsb"] = {"Sambal"}, ["xsc"] = {"Scythian"}, ["xsd"] = {"Sidetic"}, ["xse"] = {"Sempan"}, ["xsh"] = {"Shamang"}, ["xsi"] = {"Sio"}, ["xsj"] = {"Subi"}, ["xsl"] = {"South Slavey"}, ["xsm"] = {"Kasem"}, ["xsn"] = {"Sanga (Nigeria)"}, ["xso"] = {"Solano"}, ["xsp"] = {"Silopi"}, ["xsq"] = {"Makhuwa-Saka"}, ["xsr"] = {"Sherpa"}, ["xss"] = {"Assan"}, ["xsu"] = {"Sanumá"}, ["xsv"] = {"Sudovian"}, ["xsy"] = {"Saisiyat"}, ["xta"] = {"Alcozauca Mixtec"}, ["xtb"] = {"Chazumba Mixtec"}, ["xtc"] = {"Katcha-Kadugli-Miri"}, ["xtd"] = {"Diuxi-Tilantongo Mixtec"}, ["xte"] = {"Ketengban"}, ["xtg"] = {"Transalpine Gaulish"}, ["xth"] = {"Yitha Yitha"}, ["xti"] = {"Sinicahua Mixtec"}, ["xtj"] = {"San Juan Teita Mixtec"}, ["xtl"] = {"Tijaltepec Mixtec"}, ["xtm"] = {"Magdalena Peñasco Mixtec"}, ["xtn"] = {"Northern Tlaxiaco Mixtec"}, ["xto"] = {"Tokharian A"}, ["xtp"] = {"San Miguel Piedras Mixtec"}, ["xtq"] = {"Tumshuqese"}, ["xtr"] = {"Early Tripuri"}, ["xts"] = {"Sindihui Mixtec"}, ["xtt"] = {"Tacahua Mixtec"}, ["xtu"] = {"Cuyamecalco Mixtec"}, ["xtv"] = {"Thawa"}, ["xtw"] = {"Tawandê"}, ["xty"] = {"Yoloxochitl Mixtec"}, ["xua"] = {"Alu Kurumba"}, ["xub"] = {"Betta Kurumba"}, ["xud"] = {"Umiida"}, ["xug"] = {"Kunigami"}, ["xuj"] = {"Jennu Kurumba"}, ["xul"] = {"Нгунавал", "Нунукул"}, ["xum"] = {"Umbrian"}, ["xun"] = {"Unggaranggu"}, ["xuo"] = {"Kuo"}, ["xup"] = {"Upper Umpqua"}, ["xur"] = {"Urartian"}, ["xut"] = {"Kuthant"}, ["xuu"] = {"Kxoe", "Khwedam"}, ["xve"] = {"Venetic"}, ["xvi"] = {"Kamviri"}, ["xvn"] = {"Vandalic"}, ["xvo"] = {"Volscian"}, ["xvs"] = {"Vestinian"}, ["xwa"] = {"Kwaza"}, ["xwc"] = {"Woccon"}, ["xwd"] = {"Wadi Wadi"}, ["xwe"] = {"Xwela Gbe"}, ["xwg"] = {"Kwegu"}, ["xwj"] = {"Wajuk"}, ["xwk"] = {"Wangkumara"}, ["xwl"] = {"Western Xwla Gbe"}, ["xwo"] = {"Written Oirat"}, ["xwr"] = {"Kwerba Mamberamo"}, ["xwt"] = {"Wotjobaluk"}, ["xww"] = {"Wemba Wemba"}, ["xxb"] = {"Boro (Ghana)"}, ["xxk"] = {"Ke'o"}, ["xxm"] = {"Minkin"}, ["xxr"] = {"Koropó"}, ["xxt"] = {"Tambora"}, ["xya"] = {"Yaygir"}, ["xyb"] = {"Yandjibara"}, ["xyj"] = {"Mayi-Yapi"}, ["xyk"] = {"Mayi-Kulan"}, ["xyl"] = {"Yalakalore"}, ["xyt"] = {"Mayi-Thakurti"}, ["xyy"] = {"Yorta Yorta"}, ["xzh"] = {"Zhang-Zhung"}, ["xzm"] = {"Zemgalian"}, ["xzp"] = {"Ancient Zapotec"}, ["yaa"] = {"Yaminahua"}, ["yab"] = {"Yuhup"}, ["yac"] = {"Pass Valley Yali"}, ["yad"] = {"Yagua"}, ["yae"] = {"Pumé"}, ["yaf"] = {"Yaka (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["yag"] = {"Yámana"}, ["yah"] = {"Yazgulyam"}, ["yai"] = {"Yagnobi"}, ["yaj"] = {"Banda-Yangere"}, ["yak"] = {"Yakama"}, ["yal"] = {"Yalunka"}, ["yam"] = {"Yamba"}, ["yan"] = {"Mayangna"}, ["yao"] = {"Yao"}, ["yap"] = {"Yapese"}, ["yaq"] = {"Yaqui"}, ["yar"] = {"Yabarana"}, ["yas"] = {"Nugunu (Cameroon)"}, ["yat"] = {"Yambeta"}, ["yau"] = {"Yuwana"}, ["yav"] = {"Yangben"}, ["yaw"] = {"Yawalapití"}, ["yax"] = {"Yauma"}, ["yay"] = {"Agwagwune"}, ["yaz"] = {"Lokaa"}, ["yba"] = {"Yala"}, ["ybb"] = {"Yemba"}, ["ybe"] = {"West Yugur"}, ["ybh"] = {"Yakha"}, ["ybi"] = {"Yamphu"}, ["ybj"] = {"Hasha"}, ["ybk"] = {"Bokha"}, ["ybl"] = {"Yukuben"}, ["ybm"] = {"Yaben"}, ["ybn"] = {"Yabaâna"}, ["ybo"] = {"Yabong"}, ["ybx"] = {"Yawiyo"}, ["yby"] = {"Yaweyuha"}, ["ych"] = {"Chesu"}, ["ycl"] = {"Lolopo"}, ["ycn"] = {"Yucuna"}, ["ycp"] = {"Chepya"}, ["yda"] = {"Yanda"}, ["ydd"] = {"Eastern Yiddish"}, ["yde"] = {"Yangum Dey"}, ["ydg"] = {"Yidgha"}, ["ydk"] = {"Yoidik"}, ["yea"] = {"Ravula"}, ["yec"] = {"Yeniche"}, ["yee"] = {"Yimas"}, ["yei"] = {"Yeni"}, ["yej"] = {"Yevanic"}, ["yel"] = {"Yela"}, ["yer"] = {"Tarok"}, ["yes"] = {"Nyankpa"}, ["yet"] = {"Yetfa"}, ["yeu"] = {"Yerukula"}, ["yev"] = {"Yapunda"}, ["yey"] = {"Yeyi"}, ["yga"] = {"Malyangapa"}, ["ygi"] = {"Yiningayi"}, ["ygl"] = {"Yangum Gel"}, ["ygm"] = {"Yagomi"}, ["ygp"] = {"Gepo"}, ["ygr"] = {"Yagaria"}, ["ygs"] = {"Yolŋu Sign Language"}, ["ygu"] = {"Yugul"}, ["ygw"] = {"Yagwoia"}, ["yha"] = {"Baha Buyang"}, ["yhd"] = {"Judeo-Iraqi Arabic"}, ["yhl"] = {"Hlepho Phowa"}, ["yhs"] = {"Yan-nhaŋu Sign Language"}, ["yia"] = {"Yinggarda"}, ["yif"] = {"Ache"}, ["yig"] = {"Wusa Nasu"}, ["yih"] = {"Western Yiddish"}, ["yii"] = {"Yidiny"}, ["yij"] = {"Yindjibarndi"}, ["yik"] = {"Dongshanba Lalo"}, ["yil"] = {"Yindjilandji"}, ["yim"] = {"Yimchungru Naga"}, ["yin"] = {"Riang Lai", "Yinchia"}, ["yip"] = {"Pholo"}, ["yiq"] = {"Miqie"}, ["yir"] = {"North Awyu"}, ["yis"] = {"Yis"}, ["yit"] = {"Eastern Lalu"}, ["yiu"] = {"Awu"}, ["yiv"] = {"Northern Nisu"}, ["yix"] = {"Axi Yi"}, ["yiz"] = {"Azhe"}, ["yka"] = {"Yakan"}, ["ykg"] = {"Northern Yukaghir"}, ["yki"] = {"Yoke"}, ["ykk"] = {"Yakaikeke"}, ["ykl"] = {"Khlula"}, ["ykm"] = {"Kap"}, ["ykn"] = {"Kua-nsi"}, ["yko"] = {"Yasa"}, ["ykr"] = {"Yekora"}, ["ykt"] = {"Kathu"}, ["yku"] = {"Kuamasi"}, ["yky"] = {"Yakoma"}, ["yla"] = {"Yaul"}, ["ylb"] = {"Yaleba"}, ["yle"] = {"Yele"}, ["ylg"] = {"Yelogu"}, ["yli"] = {"Angguruk Yali"}, ["yll"] = {"Yil"}, ["ylm"] = {"Limi"}, ["yln"] = {"Langnian Buyang"}, ["ylo"] = {"Naluo Yi"}, ["ylr"] = {"Yalarnnga"}, ["ylu"] = {"Aribwaung"}, ["yly"] = {"Nyâlayu", "Nyelâyu"}, ["ymb"] = {"Yambes"}, ["ymc"] = {"Southern Muji"}, ["ymd"] = {"Muda"}, ["yme"] = {"Yameo"}, ["ymg"] = {"Yamongeri"}, ["ymh"] = {"Mili"}, ["ymi"] = {"Moji"}, ["ymk"] = {"Makwe"}, ["yml"] = {"Iamalele"}, ["ymm"] = {"Maay"}, ["ymn"] = {"Yamna", "Sunum"}, ["ymo"] = {"Yangum Mon"}, ["ymp"] = {"Yamap"}, ["ymq"] = {"Qila Muji"}, ["ymr"] = {"Malasar"}, ["yms"] = {"Mysian"}, ["ymx"] = {"Northern Muji"}, ["ymz"] = {"Muzi"}, ["yna"] = {"Aluo"}, ["ynd"] = {"Yandruwandha"}, ["yne"] = {"Lang'e"}, ["yng"] = {"Yango"}, ["ynk"] = {"Naukan Yupik"}, ["ynl"] = {"Yangulam"}, ["ynn"] = {"Yana"}, ["yno"] = {"Yong"}, ["ynq"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yns"] = {"Yansi"}, ["ynu"] = {"Yahuna"}, ["yob"] = {"Yoba"}, ["yog"] = {"Yogad"}, ["yoi"] = {"Yonaguni"}, ["yok"] = {"Yokuts"}, ["yol"] = {"Yola"}, ["yom"] = {"Yombe"}, ["yon"] = {"Yongkom"}, ["yot"] = {"Yotti"}, ["yox"] = {"Yoron"}, ["yoy"] = {"Yoy"}, ["ypa"] = {"Phala"}, ["ypb"] = {"Labo Phowa"}, ["ypg"] = {"Phola"}, ["yph"] = {"Phupha"}, ["ypk"] = {"Yupik languages"}, ["ypm"] = {"Phuma"}, ["ypn"] = {"Ani Phowa"}, ["ypo"] = {"Alo Phola"}, ["ypp"] = {"Phupa"}, ["ypz"] = {"Phuza"}, ["yra"] = {"Yerakai"}, ["yrb"] = {"Yareba"}, ["yre"] = {"Yaouré"}, ["yrk"] = {"Ненец"}, ["yrl"] = {"Nhengatu"}, ["yrm"] = {"Yirrk-Mel"}, ["yrn"] = {"Yerong"}, ["yro"] = {"Yaroamë"}, ["yrs"] = {"Yarsun"}, ["yrw"] = {"Yarawata"}, ["yry"] = {"Yarluyandi"}, ["ysc"] = {"Yassic"}, ["ysd"] = {"Samatao"}, ["ysg"] = {"Sonaga"}, ["ysl"] = {"Yugoslavian Sign Language"}, ["ysm"] = {"Myanmar Sign Language"}, ["ysn"] = {"Sani"}, ["yso"] = {"Nisi (China)"}, ["ysp"] = {"Southern Lolopo"}, ["ysr"] = {"Sirenik Yupik"}, ["yss"] = {"Yessan-Mayo"}, ["ysy"] = {"Sanie"}, ["yta"] = {"Talu"}, ["ytl"] = {"Tanglang"}, ["ytp"] = {"Thopho"}, ["ytw"] = {"Yout Wam"}, ["yty"] = {"Yatay"}, ["yua"] = {"Юкатек", "Юкатек Маяа"}, ["yub"] = {"Yugambal"}, ["yuc"] = {"Yuchi"}, ["yud"] = {"Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic"}, ["yue"] = {"Yue Chinese", "Cantonese"}, ["yuf"] = {"Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai"}, ["yug"] = {"Yug"}, ["yui"] = {"Yurutí"}, ["yuj"] = {"Karkar-Yuri"}, ["yuk"] = {"Yuki"}, ["yul"] = {"Yulu"}, ["yum"] = {"Quechan"}, ["yun"] = {"Bena (Nigeria)"}, ["yup"] = {"Yukpa"}, ["yuq"] = {"Yuqui"}, ["yur"] = {"Yurok"}, ["yut"] = {"Yopno"}, ["yuw"] = {"Yau (Morobe Province)"}, ["yux"] = {"Southern Yukaghir"}, ["yuy"] = {"East Yugur"}, ["yuz"] = {"Yuracare"}, ["yva"] = {"Yawa"}, ["yvt"] = {"Yavitero"}, ["ywa"] = {"Kalou"}, ["ywg"] = {"Yinhawangka"}, ["ywl"] = {"Western Lalu"}, ["ywn"] = {"Yawanawa"}, ["ywq"] = {"Wuding-Luquan Yi"}, ["ywr"] = {"Yawuru"}, ["ywt"] = {"Xishanba Lalo", "Central Lalo"}, ["ywu"] = {"Wumeng Nasu"}, ["yww"] = {"Yawarawarga"}, ["yxa"] = {"Mayawali"}, ["yxg"] = {"Yagara"}, ["yxl"] = {"Yardliyawarra"}, ["yxm"] = {"Yinwum"}, ["yxu"] = {"Yuyu"}, ["yxy"] = {"Yabula Yabula"}, ["yyr"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yyu"] = {"Yau (Sandaun Province)"}, ["yyz"] = {"Ayizi"}, ["yzg"] = {"E'ma Buyang"}, ["yzk"] = {"Zokhuo"}, ["zaa"] = {"Sierra de Juárez Zapotec"}, ["zab"] = {"Western Tlacolula Valley Zapotec", "San Juan Guelavía Zapotec"}, ["zac"] = {"Ocotlán Zapotec"}, ["zad"] = {"Cajonos Zapotec"}, ["zae"] = {"Yareni Zapotec"}, ["zaf"] = {"Ayoquesco Zapotec"}, ["zag"] = {"Zaghawa"}, ["zah"] = {"Zangwal"}, ["zai"] = {"Isthmus Zapotec"}, ["zaj"] = {"Zaramo"}, ["zak"] = {"Zanaki"}, ["zal"] = {"Zauzou"}, ["zam"] = {"Miahuatlán Zapotec"}, ["zao"] = {"Ozolotepec Zapotec"}, ["zap"] = {"Zapotec"}, ["zaq"] = {"Aloápam Zapotec"}, ["zar"] = {"Rincón Zapotec"}, ["zas"] = {"Santo Domingo Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["zat"] = {"Tabaa Zapotec"}, ["zau"] = {"Zangskari"}, ["zav"] = {"Yatzachi Zapotec"}, ["zaw"] = {"Mitla Zapotec"}, ["zax"] = {"Xadani Zapotec"}, ["zay"] = {"Zayse-Zergulla", "Zaysete"}, ["zaz"] = {"Zari"}, ["zba"] = {"Balaibalan"}, ["zbc"] = {"Central Berawan"}, ["zbe"] = {"East Berawan"}, ["zbl"] = {"Blissymbols", "Bliss", "Blissymbolics"}, ["zbt"] = {"Batui"}, ["zbu"] = {"Bu (Bauchi State)"}, ["zbw"] = {"West Berawan"}, ["zca"] = {"Coatecas Altas Zapotec"}, ["zch"] = {"Central Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zdj"] = {"Комор"}, ["zea"] = {"Zeeuws"}, ["zeg"] = {"Zenag"}, ["zeh"] = {"Eastern Hongshuihe Zhuang"}, ["zen"] = {"Zenaga"}, ["zga"] = {"Kinga"}, ["zgb"] = {"Guibei Zhuang"}, ["zgh"] = {"Стандарт Мароккогийн Бербер"}, ["zgm"] = {"Minz Zhuang"}, ["zgn"] = {"Guibian Zhuang"}, ["zgr"] = {"Magori"}, ["zhb"] = {"Zhaba"}, ["zhd"] = {"Dai Zhuang"}, ["zhi"] = {"Zhire"}, ["zhn"] = {"Nong Zhuang"}, ["zhw"] = {"Zhoa"}, ["zhx"] = {"Chinese (family)"}, ["zia"] = {"Zia"}, ["zib"] = {"Zimbabwe Sign Language"}, ["zik"] = {"Zimakani"}, ["zil"] = {"Zialo"}, ["zim"] = {"Mesme"}, ["zin"] = {"Zinza"}, ["ziw"] = {"Zigula"}, ["ziz"] = {"Zizilivakan"}, ["zka"] = {"Kaimbulawa"}, ["zkb"] = {"Koibal"}, ["zkd"] = {"Kadu"}, ["zkg"] = {"Koguryo"}, ["zkh"] = {"Khorezmian"}, ["zkk"] = {"Karankawa"}, ["zkn"] = {"Kanan"}, ["zko"] = {"Kott"}, ["zkp"] = {"São Paulo Kaingáng"}, ["zkr"] = {"Zakhring"}, ["zkt"] = {"Kitan"}, ["zku"] = {"Kaurna"}, ["zkv"] = {"Krevinian"}, ["zkz"] = {"Khazar"}, ["zla"] = {"Zula"}, ["zle"] = {"Зүүн Слав хэлнүүд"}, ["zlj"] = {"Liujiang Zhuang"}, ["zlm"] = {"Malay (individual language)"}, ["zln"] = {"Lianshan Zhuang"}, ["zlq"] = {"Liuqian Zhuang"}, ["zls"] = {"South Slavic languages"}, ["zlw"] = {"West Slavic languages"}, ["zma"] = {"Manda (Australia)"}, ["zmb"] = {"Zimba"}, ["zmc"] = {"Margany"}, ["zmd"] = {"Maridan"}, ["zme"] = {"Mangerr"}, ["zmf"] = {"Mfinu"}, ["zmg"] = {"Marti Ke"}, ["zmh"] = {"Makolkol"}, ["zmi"] = {"Negeri Sembilan Malay"}, ["zmj"] = {"Maridjabin"}, ["zmk"] = {"Mandandanyi"}, ["zml"] = {"Matngala"}, ["zmm"] = {"Marimanindji", "Marramaninyshi"}, ["zmn"] = {"Mbangwe"}, ["zmo"] = {"Molo"}, ["zmp"] = {"Mpuono"}, ["zmq"] = {"Mituku"}, ["zmr"] = {"Maranunggu"}, ["zms"] = {"Mbesa"}, ["zmt"] = {"Maringarr"}, ["zmu"] = {"Muruwari"}, ["zmv"] = {"Mbariman-Gudhinma"}, ["zmw"] = {"Mbo (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["zmx"] = {"Bomitaba"}, ["zmy"] = {"Mariyedi"}, ["zmz"] = {"Mbandja"}, ["zna"] = {"Zan Gula"}, ["znd"] = {"Zande languages"}, ["zne"] = {"Zande (individual language)"}, ["zng"] = {"Mang"}, ["znk"] = {"Manangkari"}, ["zns"] = {"Mangas"}, ["zoc"] = {"Copainalá Zoque"}, ["zoh"] = {"Chimalapa Zoque"}, ["zom"] = {"Zou"}, ["zoo"] = {"Asunción Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zoq"] = {"Tabasco Zoque"}, ["zor"] = {"Rayón Zoque"}, ["zos"] = {"Francisco León Zoque"}, ["zpa"] = {"Lachiguiri Zapotec"}, ["zpb"] = {"Yautepec Zapotec"}, ["zpc"] = {"Choapan Zapotec"}, ["zpd"] = {"Southeastern Ixtlán Zapotec"}, ["zpe"] = {"Petapa Zapotec"}, ["zpf"] = {"San Pedro Quiatoni Zapotec"}, ["zpg"] = {"Guevea De Humboldt Zapotec"}, ["zph"] = {"Totomachapan Zapotec"}, ["zpi"] = {"Santa María Quiegolani Zapotec"}, ["zpj"] = {"Quiavicuzas Zapotec"}, ["zpk"] = {"Tlacolulita Zapotec"}, ["zpl"] = {"Lachixío Zapotec"}, ["zpm"] = {"Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["zpn"] = {"Santa Inés Yatzechi Zapotec"}, ["zpo"] = {"Amatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpp"] = {"El Alto Zapotec"}, ["zpq"] = {"Zoogocho Zapotec"}, ["zpr"] = {"Santiago Xanica Zapotec"}, ["zps"] = {"Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpt"] = {"San Vicente Coatlán Zapotec"}, ["zpu"] = {"Yalálag Zapotec"}, ["zpv"] = {"Chichicapan Zapotec"}, ["zpw"] = {"Zaniza Zapotec"}, ["zpx"] = {"San Baltazar Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["zpy"] = {"Mazaltepec Zapotec"}, ["zpz"] = {"Texmelucan Zapotec"}, ["zqe"] = {"Qiubei Zhuang"}, ["zra"] = {"Kara (Korea)"}, ["zrg"] = {"Mirgan"}, ["zrn"] = {"Zerenkel"}, ["zro"] = {"Záparo"}, ["zrp"] = {"Zarphatic"}, ["zrs"] = {"Mairasi"}, ["zsa"] = {"Sarasira"}, ["zsk"] = {"Kaskean"}, ["zsl"] = {"Zambian Sign Language"}, ["zsm"] = {"Standard Malay"}, ["zsr"] = {"Southern Rincon Zapotec"}, ["zsu"] = {"Sukurum"}, ["zte"] = {"Elotepec Zapotec"}, ["ztg"] = {"Xanaguía Zapotec"}, ["ztl"] = {"Lapaguía-Guivini Zapotec"}, ["ztm"] = {"San Agustín Mixtepec Zapotec"}, ["ztn"] = {"Santa Catarina Albarradas Zapotec"}, ["ztp"] = {"Loxicha Zapotec"}, ["ztq"] = {"Quioquitani-Quierí Zapotec"}, ["zts"] = {"Tilquiapan Zapotec"}, ["ztt"] = {"Tejalapan Zapotec"}, ["ztu"] = {"Güilá Zapotec"}, ["ztx"] = {"Zaachila Zapotec"}, ["zty"] = {"Yatee Zapotec"}, ["zua"] = {"Zeem"}, ["zuh"] = {"Tokano"}, ["zum"] = {"Kumzari"}, ["zun"] = {"Zuni"}, ["zuy"] = {"Zumaya"}, ["zwa"] = {"Zay"}, ["zxx"] = {"No linguistic content", "Not applicable"}, ["zyb"] = {"Yongbei Zhuang"}, ["zyg"] = {"Yang Zhuang"}, ["zyj"] = {"Youjiang Zhuang"}, ["zyn"] = {"Yongnan Zhuang"}, ["zyp"] = {"Zyphe Chin"}, ["zza"] = {"Zaza", "Dimili", "Dimli (macrolanguage)", "Kirdki", "Kirmanjki (macrolanguage)", "Zazaki"}, ["zzj"] = {"Zuojiang Zhuang"} } local deprecated = { ["in"] = {"Indonesian"}, ["iw"] = {"Еврей"}, ["ji"] = {"Yiddish"}, ["jw"] = {"Javanese"}, ["mo"] = {"Moldavian", "Moldovan"}, ["aam"] = {"Aramanik"}, ["adp"] = {"Adap"}, ["agp"] = {"Paranan"}, ["ais"] = {"Nataoran Amis"}, ["aoh"] = {"Arma"}, ["asd"] = {"Asas"}, ["aue"] = {"ǂKxʼauǁʼein"}, ["ayx"] = {"Ayi (China)"}, ["ayy"] = {"Tayabas Ayta"}, ["baz"] = {"Tunen"}, ["bbz"] = {"Babalia Creole Arabic"}, ["bgm"] = {"Baga Mboteni"}, ["bhk"] = {"Albay Bicolano"}, ["bic"] = {"Bikaru"}, ["bij"] = {"Vaghat-Ya-Bijim-Legeri"}, ["bjd"] = {"Bandjigali"}, ["bjq"] = {"Southern Betsimisaraka Malagasy"}, ["bkb"] = {"Finallig"}, ["blg"] = {"Balau"}, ["bmy"] = {"Bemba (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["bpb"] = {"Barbacoas"}, ["btb"] = {"Beti (Cameroon)"}, ["btl"] = {"Bhatola"}, ["bxx"] = {"Borna (Democratic Republic of Congo)"}, ["byy"] = {"Buya"}, ["cbe"] = {"Chipiajes"}, ["cbh"] = {"Cagua"}, ["cca"] = {"Cauca"}, ["ccq"] = {"Chaungtha"}, ["cdg"] = {"Chamari"}, ["cjr"] = {"Chorotega"}, ["cka"] = {"Khumi Awa Chin"}, ["cmk"] = {"Chimakum"}, ["coy"] = {"Coyaima"}, ["cqu"] = {"Chilean Quechua"}, ["cum"] = {"Cumeral"}, ["daf"] = {"Dan"}, ["dap"] = {"Nisi (India)"}, ["dgu"] = {"Degaru"}, ["dha"] = {"Dhanwar (India)"}, ["dit"] = {"Dirari"}, ["djl"] = {"Djiwarli"}, ["dkl"] = {"Kolum So Dogon"}, ["drh"] = {"Darkhat"}, ["drr"] = {"Dororo"}, ["drw"] = {"Darwazi"}, ["dud"] = {"Hun-Saare"}, ["duj"] = {"Dhuwal"}, ["dwl"] = {"Walo Kumbe Dogon"}, ["dzd"] = {"Daza"}, ["ekc"] = {"Eastern Karnic"}, ["elp"] = {"Elpaputih"}, ["emo"] = {"Emok"}, ["gav"] = {"Gabutamon"}, ["gbc"] = {"Garawa"}, ["gfx"] = {"Mangetti Dune ǃXung"}, ["ggn"] = {"Eastern Gurung"}, ["ggo"] = {"Southern Gondi"}, ["ggr"] = {"Aghu Tharnggalu"}, ["gio"] = {"Gelao"}, ["gji"] = {"Geji"}, ["gli"] = {"Guliguli"}, ["gti"] = {"Gbati-ri"}, ["guv"] = {"Gey"}, ["hrr"] = {"Horuru"}, ["iap"] = {"Iapama"}, ["ibi"] = {"Ibilo"}, ["ill"] = {"Iranun"}, ["ilw"] = {"Talur"}, ["ime"] = {"Imeraguen"}, ["izi"] = {"Izi-Ezaa-Ikwo-Mgbo"}, ["jar"] = {"Jarawa (Nigeria)"}, ["jeg"] = {"Jeng"}, ["kbf"] = {"Kakauhua"}, ["kdv"] = {"Kado"}, ["kgc"] = {"Kasseng"}, ["kgd"] = {"Kataang"}, ["kgh"] = {"Upper Tanudan Kalinga"}, ["kjf"] = {"Khalaj [Indo-Iranian]"}, ["koj"] = {"Sara Dunjo"}, ["kox"] = {"Coxima"}, ["kpp"] = {"Paku Karen"}, ["krm"] = {"Krim"}, ["ktr"] = {"Kota Marudu Tinagas"}, ["kvs"] = {"Kunggara"}, ["kwq"] = {"Kwak"}, ["kxe"] = {"Kakihum"}, ["kxl"] = {"Nepali Kurux"}, ["kxu"] = {"Kui (India)"}, ["kzh"] = {"Kenuzi-Dongola"}, ["kzj"] = {"Coastal Kadazan"}, ["kzt"] = {"Tambunan Dusun"}, ["lba"] = {"Lui"}, ["leg"] = {"Lengua"}, ["lii"] = {"Lingkhim"}, ["llo"] = {"Khlor"}, ["lmm"] = {"Lamam"}, ["lmz"] = {"Lumbee"}, ["lsg"] = {"Lyons Sign Language"}, ["meg"] = {"Mea"}, ["mgx"] = {"Omati"}, ["mhh"] = {"Maskoy Pidgin"}, ["mja"] = {"Mahei"}, ["mld"] = {"Malakhel"}, ["mnt"] = {"Maykulan"}, ["mof"] = {"Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett"}, ["mst"] = {"Cataelano Mandaya"}, ["mvm"] = {"Muya"}, ["mwd"] = {"Mudbura"}, ["mwj"] = {"Maligo"}, ["mwx"] = {"Mediak"}, ["mwy"] = {"Mosiro"}, ["myd"] = {"Maramba"}, ["myi"] = {"Mina (India)"}, ["myq"] = {"Forest Maninka"}, ["myt"] = {"Sangab Mandaya"}, ["nad"] = {"Nijadali"}, ["nbf"] = {"Naxi"}, ["nbx"] = {"Ngura"}, ["ncp"] = {"Ndaktup"}, ["ngo"] = {"Ngoni"}, ["nln"] = {"Durango Nahuatl"}, ["nlr"] = {"Ngarla"}, ["nns"] = {"Ningye"}, ["nnx"] = {"Ngong"}, ["noo"] = {"Nootka"}, ["nts"] = {"Natagaimas"}, ["nxu"] = {"Narau"}, ["ome"] = {"Omejes"}, ["oun"] = {"ǃOǃung"}, ["pat"] = {"Papitalai"}, ["pbz"] = {"Palu"}, ["pcr"] = {"Panang"}, ["pgy"] = {"Pongyong"}, ["plp"] = {"Palpa"}, ["pmc"] = {"Palumata"}, ["pmu"] = {"Mirpur Panjabi"}, ["pod"] = {"Ponares"}, ["ppa"] = {"Pao"}, ["ppr"] = {"Piru"}, ["prb"] = {"Lua'"}, ["pry"] = {"Pray 3"}, ["puk"] = {"Pu Ko"}, ["puz"] = {"Purum Naga"}, ["rie"] = {"Rien"}, ["rmr"] = {"Caló"}, ["rna"] = {"Runa"}, ["rsi"] = {"Rennellese Sign Language"}, ["sap"] = {"Sanapaná"}, ["sca"] = {"Sansu"}, ["sdm"] = {"Semandang"}, ["sgl"] = {"Sanglechi-Ishkashimi"}, ["sgo"] = {"Songa"}, ["skk"] = {"Sok"}, ["snh"] = {"Shinabo"}, ["sul"] = {"Surigaonon"}, ["sum"] = {"Sumo-Mayangna"}, ["svr"] = {"Savara"}, ["tbb"] = {"Tapeba"}, ["tdu"] = {"Tempasuk Dusun"}, ["tgg"] = {"Tangga"}, ["thc"] = {"Tai Hang Tong"}, ["thw"] = {"Thudam"}, ["thx"] = {"The"}, ["tid"] = {"Tidong"}, ["tie"] = {"Tingal"}, ["tkk"] = {"Takpa"}, ["tlw"] = {"South Wemale"}, ["tmp"] = {"Tai Mène"}, ["tne"] = {"Tinoc Kallahan"}, ["tnf"] = {"Tangshewi"}, ["toe"] = {"Tomedes"}, ["tsf"] = {"Southwestern Tamang"}, ["unp"] = {"Worora"}, ["uok"] = {"Uokha"}, ["vki"] = {"Ija-Zuba"}, ["wgw"] = {"Wagawaga"}, ["wit"] = {"Wintu"}, ["wiw"] = {"Wirangu"}, ["wra"] = {"Warapu"}, ["xba"] = {"Kamba (Brazil)"}, ["xbx"] = {"Kabixí"}, ["xia"] = {"Xiandao"}, ["xip"] = {"Xipináwa"}, ["xkh"] = {"Karahawyana"}, ["xrq"] = {"Karranga"}, ["xtz"] = {"Tasmanian"}, ["ybd"] = {"Yangbye"}, ["yds"] = {"Yiddish Sign Language"}, ["yen"] = {"Yendang"}, ["yiy"] = {"Yir Yoront"}, ["yma"] = {"Yamphe"}, ["ymt"] = {"Mator-Taygi-Karagas"}, ["ynh"] = {"Yangho"}, ["yos"] = {"Yos"}, ["yri"] = {"Yarí"}, ["yuu"] = {"Yugh"}, ["zir"] = {"Ziriya"} } return { active = active, deprecated = deprecated, } np0rczmrly51asxb29mi9a0t0t00q79 0 114025 859971 813263 2026-06-23T23:07:38Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859971 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Румын|Румын Улс]] нь дөчин нэгэн тойрог ({{lang-ro|județ}} [{{IPA|ʒuˈdets}}] - тойрог) ба [[Бухарест]] хот гэж хуваагдана. Жудец гэх засаг захиргааны гишүүнийг 19-р зуунд Францын департаментыг (''Département'') үлгэр болгон бий болгожээ. Коммунист засгийн газар үүнийг өөрчлөн [[Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс]]тай ижил [[район]]оор сольсон хэдий ч 1968 онд<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.iiccr.ro/img/pro_memoria/p1_big.jpg |titel=Harta Administrativă |zugriff=2020-09-07 |sprache=румынаар }}</ref> өнөөгийн системдээ буцаад шилжсэн байна.<ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.iiccr.ro/img/pro_memoria/p2_big.jpg |titel=Harta Administrativă 1 |zugriff=2020-09-07 |sprache=румынаар }}</ref><ref>{{Internetquelle |url=https://www.iiccr.ro/img/pro_memoria/p3_big.jpg |titel=Harta Administrativă 2 |zugriff=2020-09-07 |sprache=румынаар }}</ref> Илфов тойрог 1997 оны хүртэл бие даасан тойрог байгаагүй харин Бухарестын харьяа байв.<ref>[http://www.legex.ro/Lege-50-09.04.1997-11556.aspx LEGE Nr. 50 din 9 aprilie 1997, legex.ro 10. April 1997]</ref> == Румыны тойргууд == {| class="wikitable sortable" width="50%" |- ! Тойрог ! Тойргийн сүлд ! Товчлол ! Захиргааны төв ! Газар нутаг<br /> км² ! Хүн ам<br />2002 он<ref>2002 оны хүн амын тооллого, Эх сурвалж: Fischer Weltalmanach</ref> ! Хүн ам<br />2011 он<ref>[http://www.citypopulation.de/php/romania-vrancea_d.php citypopulation.de: 2011 оны Румыны хүн амын тооллого]</ref> ! Зөрүү ! Зөрүү хувиар (%) |- | [[Алба тойрог|Алба]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Alba county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | AB | [[Алба Юлиа]] | align="right" | 6242 | align="right" | 382.999 | align="right" | 342.376 | align="right" | −40.623 | align="right" | −12 |- | [[Арад тойрог|Арад]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Arad county CoA (circa 2007).png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | AR | [[Арад]] | align="right" | 7754 | align="right" | 461.730 | align="right" | 430.629 | align="right" | −31.101 | align="right" | −7,2 |- | [[Аржеш тойрог|Аржеш]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Argeș county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | AG | [[Питешти]] | align="right" | 6826 | align="right" | 653.903 | align="right" | 612.431 | align="right" | −41.472 | align="right" | −6,8 |- | [[Бакау тойрог|Бакау]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema judetului Bacau.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | BC | [[Бакау]] | align="right" | 6621 | align="right" | 708.751 | align="right" | 616.168 | align="right" | −92.583 | align="right" | −15 |- | [[Бистрица-Насауд тойрог|Бистрица-Насауд]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Bistrita-Nasaud.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | BC | [[Бистрица]] | align="right" | 5355 | align="right" | 312.325 | align="right" | 286.225 | align="right" | −26.100 | align="right" | −9,1 |- | [[Бихор тойрог|Бихор]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Bihor county CoA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | BH | [[Орадя]] | align="right" | 7544 | align="right" | 600.223 | align="right" | 575.398 | align="right" | −24.825 | align="right" | −4,3 |- | [[Ботошани тойрог|Ботошани]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema judetului Botosani.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | BT | [[Ботошани]] | align="right" | 4986 | align="right" | 454.023 | align="right" | 412.626 | align="right" | −41.397 | align="right" | −10 |- | [[Браила тойрог|Браила]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema judetului Braila.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | BR | [[Браила]] | align="right" | 4766 | align="right" | 373.897 | align="right" | 321.212 | align="right" | −52.685 | align="right" | −16 |- | [[Брашов тойрог|Брашов]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema judetul brasov nou.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | BV | [[Брашов]] | align="right" | 5363 | align="right" | 588.366 | align="right" | 549.217 | align="right" | −39.149 | align="right" | −7,1 |- | [[Бузау тойрог|Бузау]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Buzau county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | BZ | [[Бузау]] | align="right" | 6103 | align="right" | 494.982 | align="right" | 451.069 | align="right" | −43.913 | align="right" | −9,7 |- | [[Васлуй тойрог|Васлуй]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema judetului Braila.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | VS | [[Васлуй]] | align="right" | 5318 | align="right" | 455.550 | align="right" | 395.499 | align="right" | −60.051 | align="right" | −15 |- | [[Вранча тойрог|Вранча]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Vrancea.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | VN | [[Фокшани]] | align="right" | 4857 | align="right" | 390.268 | align="right" | 340.310 | align="right" | −49.958 | align="right" | −15 |- | [[Вылча тойрог|Вылча]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Valcea.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | VL | [[Рымнику Вылча]] | align="right" | 5765 | align="right" | 413.570 | align="right" | 371.714 | align="right" | −41.856 | align="right" | −11 |- | [[Галац тойрог|Галац]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema judetului Galati.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | GL | [[Галац]] | align="right" | 4466 | align="right" | 619.522 | align="right" | 536.167 | align="right" | −83.355 | align="right" | −16 |- | [[Горж тойрог|Горж]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Gorj.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | GJ | [[Тыргу Жиу]] | align="right" | 5602 | align="right" | 387.407 | align="right" | 341.594 | align="right" | −45.813 | align="right" | −13 |- | [[Долж тойрог|Долж]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema judetului Dolj.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | DJ | [[Крайова]] | align="right" | 7414 | align="right" | 734.823 | align="right" | 660.544 | align="right" | −74.279 | align="right" | −11 |- | [[Дымбовица тойрог|Дымбовица]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Dambovita.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | DB | [[Тырговиште]] | align="right" | 4054 | align="right" | 541.326 | align="right" | 518.745 | align="right" | −22.581 | align="right" | −4,4 |- | [[Журжу тойрог|Журжу]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Giurgiu (jud 2009).svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | GR | [[Журжу]] | align="right" | 3526 | align="right" | 298.022 | align="right" | 281.422 | align="right" | −16.600 | align="right" | −5,9 |- | [[Илфов тойрог|Илфов]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Ilfov county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | IF | [[Буфтя]] | align="right" | 1593 | align="right" | 300.109 | align="right" | 388.738 | align="right" | 88.629 | align="right" | 23 |- | [[Караш-Северин тойрог|Караш-Северин]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Caras-Severin county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | CS | [[Решица]] | align="right" | 8520 | align="right" | 333.396 | align="right" | 295.579 | align="right" | −37.817 | align="right" | −13 |- | [[Клуж тойрог|Клуж]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Cluj county CoA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | CJ | [[Клуж-Напока]] | align="right" | 6674 | align="right" | 703.269 | align="right" | 691.106 | align="right" | −12.163 | align="right" | −1,8 |- | [[Ковасна тойрог|Ковасна]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Coa Romania County Kovászna.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | CV | [[Сфынту Георге]] | align="right" | 3710 | align="right" | 222.274 | align="right" | 210.177 | align="right" | −12.097 | align="right" | −5,8 |- | [[Констанца тойрог|Констанца]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Constanta county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | CT | [[Констанца]] | align="right" | 7071 | align="right" | 715.172 | align="right" | 684.082 | align="right" | −31.090 | align="right" | −4,5 |- | [[Кэлэраши тойрог|Кэлэраши]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Calarasi.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | CL | [[Кэлэраши]] | align="right" | 5088 | align="right" | 324.629 | align="right" | 306.691 | align="right" | −17.938 | align="right" | −5,8 |- | [[Марамуреш тойрог|Марамуреш]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Coat of Arms of Maramureș County.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | MM | [[Бая Маре]] | align="right" | 6304 | align="right" | 510.688 | align="right" | 478.659 | align="right" | −32.029 | align="right" | −6,7 |- | [[Мехединци тойрог|Мехединци]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Mehedinti county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | MH | [[Дробета Турну Северин]] | align="right" | 4933 | align="right" | 306.118 | align="right" | 265.390 | align="right" | −40.728 | align="right" | −15 |- | [[Муреш тойрог|Муреш]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Mures county coat of arms.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | MS | [[Тыргу Муреш]] | align="right" | 6714 | align="right" | 579.862 | align="right" | 550.846 | align="right" | −29.016 | align="right" | −5,3 |- | [[Нямц тойрог|Нямц]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Neamt.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | NT | [[Пятра Нямц]] | align="right" | 5896 | align="right" | 557.084 | align="right" | 470.766 | align="right" | −86.318 | align="right" | −18 |- | [[Олт тойрог|Олт]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Olt.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | OT | [[Слатина (Румын)|Слатина]] | align="right" | 5498 | align="right" | 490.276 | align="right" | 436.400 | align="right" | −53.876 | align="right" | −12 |- | [[Прахова тойрог|Прахова]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Prahova.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | PH | [[Плоешти]] | align="right" | 4716 | align="right" | 829.224 | align="right" | 762.886 | align="right" | −66.338 | align="right" | −8,7 |- | [[Сату Маре тойрог|Сату Маре]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Satu Mare county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | SM | [[Сату Маре]] | align="right" | 4418 | align="right" | 369.096 | align="right" | 344.360 | align="right" | −24.736 | align="right" | −7,2 |- | [[Сибиу тойрог|Сибиу]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Sibiu county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | SB | [[Сибиу]] | align="right" | 5432 | align="right" | 422.224 | align="right" | 397.322 | align="right" | −24.902 | align="right" | −6,3 |- | [[Сучава тойрог|Сучава]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Suceava county CoA.png|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | SV | [[Сучава]] | align="right" | 8553 | align="right" | 690.941 | align="right" | 634.810 | align="right" | −56.131 | align="right" | −8,8 |- | [[Сэлаж тойрог|Сэлаж]] | align="center" | [[Файл:RO Județul Sălaj COA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | SJ | [[Залэу]] | align="right" | 3864 | align="right" | 248.407 | align="right" | 224.384 | align="right" | −24.023 | align="right" | −11 |- | [[Телеорман тойрог|Телеорман]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Teleorman.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | TR | [[Александриа (Румын)|Александриа]] | align="right" | 5790 | align="right" | 436.926 | align="right" | 380.123 | align="right" | −56.803 | align="right" | −15 |- | [[Тимиш тойрог|Тимиш]] | align="center" | [[Файл:ROU Timis County CoA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | TM | [[Тимишоара]] | align="right" | 8697 | align="right" | 685.901 | align="right" | 683.540 | align="right" | −2.361 | align="right" | −0,35 |- | [[Тулча тойрог|Тулча]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Tulcea county CoA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | TL | [[Тулча]] | align="right" | 8499 | align="right" | 258.639 | align="right" | 213.083 | align="right" | −45.556 | align="right" | −21 |- | [[Харгита тойрог|Харгита]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Harghita.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | HR | [[Меркуря Чук]] | align="right" | 6639 | align="right" | 326.020 | align="right" | 310.867 | align="right" | −15.153 | align="right" | −4,9 |- | [[Хунедоара тойрог|Хунедоара]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Hunedoara county CoA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | HD | [[Дева (Румын)|Дева]] | align="right" | 7063 | align="right" | 487.115 | align="right" | 418.565 | align="right" | −68.550 | align="right" | −16 |- | [[Яломица тойрог|Яломица]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Stema Ialomita.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | IL | [[Слобозиа]] | align="right" | 4453 | align="right" | 296.486 | align="right" | 274.148 | align="right" | −22.338 | align="right" | −8,1 |- | [[Яш тойрог|Яш]] | align="center" | [[Файл:Actual Iasi county CoA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | IS | [[Яш]] | align="right" | 5476 | align="right" | 819.044 | align="right" | 772.348 | align="right" | −46.696 | align="right" | −6,0 |- | '''[[Бухарест]]''' | align="center" | [[Файл:ROU Bucharest CoA.svg|40px|alt=Сүлд]] | B | ''Бухарест муниципий'' | align="right" | 228 | align="right" | 1.921.751 | align="right" | 1.883.425 | align="right" | −38.326 | align="right" | −2,0 |- style="background:#EAECF0;" | '''нийт''' | &nbsp; | &nbsp; | &nbsp; | align="right" | '''238.391''' | align="right" | '''21.698.181''' | align="right" | '''20.121.641''' | align="right" | '''-1.576.540''' | align="right" | '''-7,8''' |} == Цахим холбоос == {{Commonscat|Counties of Romania|Румыны тойрог}} == Эх сурвалж == <references /> [[Ангилал:Засаг захиргааны нэгжийн жагсаалт]] [[Ангилал:Румыны тойрог| ]] [[Ангилал:Нутаг дэвсгэрийн нэгжийн статистикийн бүртгэл-3-Түвшин|тойрог]] a2kgfofrqsjukf5ubr7bvxb4tpb0w87 0 125657 859932 859868 2026-06-23T19:01:41Z ~2026-36305-88 105509 Монгол улсад Хасаг ястан байдаг 859932 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Монгол Улсын харъяат хасаг угсаатнууд''' ([[Казах хэл|каз.]] ''Моңғолиядағы қазақтар'') - Монгол Улсын хасаг гаралтай иргэд. 2023 оны 3-р сарын 1-ний өдрийн байдлаар Монголын нийт хүн амын 4.0 %-г эзэлж байв. Монголын Үндэсний статистикийн хорооны 2025 оны мэдээллээр, хасаг үндэстнүүд 76.5 хувь нь Баян-Өлгий аймагт, 9.0 хувь нь Улаанбаатар хотод, 8.5 хувь нь Ховд аймагт, 2.2 хувь нь Дархан-Уул аймагт, үлдсэн 3.3 хувь нь Налайх дүүрэг болон бусад аймгуудад тархан амьдарч байгаа аж. Хасаг угсаатнуудын 49.9 хувь нь эрэгтэй бол 50.1 хувийг эмэгтэйчүүд эзэлж байна. Насны бүлгээр авч үзвэл, 0.14 насныхан 34.5 хувь, 15-24 насныхан 17.2 хувь, 25-34 насныхан 16.8 хувь, 35-44 насныхан 12.8 хувийг эзэлж буй бол 9.1 хувь нь 45-54 насныхан, 9.6 хувь нь 55-аас дээш насныхан аж. 2026 оны 6-р сард Хил Хамгаалах Ерөнхий газраас гаргасан мэдээллээр 2025 оны байдлаар Монгол Улсад Казаxстаны 24,395 иргэн зорчсон бол Казаxстанд Монгол Улсын 23,849 иргэн зорчжээ. Харин Монгол Улсад Казаxстан Улсын 575 иргэн, Казаxстанд Монгол Улсын 8,825 иргэн байнга оршин сууж байв. == Түүх == Монголын казакууд нь бусад казах үндэстний нэгэн адил Түрэг угсааны үндэстэн юм. Казакууд одоогоос 120 гаруй жилийн тэртээ [[Алтайн нуруу|Алтайн нурууг]] даван нүүдлэн Монголд ирсэн. 8-р зуунд Түрэгийг мөхсөний дараа 10-р зуун хүртэл Карлугийн улс, 11-12-р зуунд Кимак, Кипчак, Карахандын улсын бүрэлдэхүүнд багтаж байгаад 13-р зуунаас Монголын эзэнт гүрний [[Алтан Орд|Алтан Ордны]] хаант улсад харъяалагдан зуутын зохион байгуулалттай болж их, дунд, бага зуут хэмээн хуваагджээ. Чингис хааны хоёрдугаар хөвгүүн [[Цагадай|Цагаадайн]] байгуулсан улс нь Төмөрийн хаант улс, Казах ханлиг, Үзбек ханлиг, Киргиз ханлиг болон задрахад Барлас, Найманы казахууд нэгдэн шинэ улс байгуулах оролдлого хийж [[Казахын Хант Улс|Казахын]] [[Казахын Хант Улс|Хант улсыг]] байгуулжээ. 17-р зууны эхээр [[Зүүнгарын Хаант Улс|Зүүнгарын хаант улсын]] довтолгоонд өртөн, хойд талаасаа Бухар, Хивийн хаант улсын довтолгоонд шахагдсанаар Казахын хаант улсын хүч буурч хуваагдан нэг нь Оросын хаант улсад дагаар орж, нөгөө хэсэг нь одоогийн [[Шинжаан|Шинжаан Уйгар]] руу нүүдэллэн [[Манж улс|Манж]] [[Манж улс|улсын]] харъяанд оржээ. Ийнхүү 18-р зууны хоёрдугаар хагасаас Абул Мамбет хааны харъяат казахууд [[Дорнод Туркестан|Дорнод Туркестанд]] нутаглан Хар Эрчис, Алтай хавиар нутаглаж байгаад 1864 онд [[Алтайн нуруу|Алтайн нурууг]] даван ирсэн нь одоогийн [[Баян-Өлгий аймаг]] дахь казахуудын удам болно. Тэд 19-р зууны дунд үеэр Алтайн өвөрөөс [[Шинжаан]] хүртэл нутаглан зуны улиралд [[Алтайн нуруу]] даван Урианхайн нутаг руу орж ирэн зусаж намар нь Алтайг даван ургаш буцаад нүүдэг байжээ. Тэд Шинжааны Бухтарм голын эх [[Эрчис мөрөн]] хавиар нутаглаж байсан байна. Казахууд 18-20-р зуунд [[Шинжаан]], Монголд хэд хэдэн үе шаттайгаар нүүдэллэн ирсэн байдаг. Тэдний зарим нь 18-р зуунд Шинжаанд ирсэн бол 19-р зуунд Оросын цэргийн түрэлтэд өртөн дахин Шинжаан руу дүрвэсэн байна. Харин казахуудын зарим хэсэг нь 19-р зууны [[Уйгур|уйгурын]] бослого манжийн цэрэгт дарагдсаны дараа манжийн явуулсан хядлага хэлмэгдүүлэлт, 1930-1940-өөд оны Шинжаанд исламын шашинтай уйгур, казахууд болон Хятадын хоорондох тулаан, [[Гоминдан|Гоминданы]] хятадын хавчлага хяcлага зэргээс шалтгаалан Монголд нүүн иржээ. 1911 оны 12 сарын 29-нд Халх Монгол Манж Чин улсын эрхшээлээс гарч, тусгаар тогтнолоо сэргээн Олноо өргөгдсөн Монгол улсаа байгуулсны дараа Алтайн нурууны ар хөвөөнд нутаглаж байсан хэрэй хасгуудын дунд аль улсыг дагах вэ? гэсэн асуудал хурцаар тавигдсан байдаг. Тухайн үед Хэрэй хасгийн удирдагчдын дунд 2 өөр байр суурь байсан. Монголын талыг баримтлагчдын дотор Хэрэй хасгийн нэр нөлөө бүхий хүн Хлан, Бодубай, Жүртбай, Жунсбай нар байсан бол Хятадын харьяанд үлдэхийг хүсэгчдийн дотор Сукурбай, мөн Дөрвөдийн хан Галсаннамжил, Нацаг бэйс зэрэг хүмүүс байжээ. Энэ нь зөвхөн үндэстний асуудал биш, харин тухайн үеийн эрх мэдэл, албан тушаал, бүс нутгийн геополитикийн сонголттой холбоотой байсан юм. 1912 оны 6-р сарын 22-нд Сукурбай Палтад илгээсэн захидалдаа Хланыг шүүмжилж, Халх Монголд нэгдэх үйл ажиллагааг эсэргүүцэж байсныг архивын баримт гэрчилдэг. Гэвч нөхцөл байдал удалгүй өөрчлөгдөв. Монголын тусгаар тогтнол батжиж, 1912 оны 8 сард Ховдыг чөлөөлсний дараа Монголын төр баруун хязгаарын асуудалд идэвхтэй ажиллаж эхэлсэн юм. 1912 оны 7 дугаар сарын 14-нд Хлан тэргүүтэй Хэрэй хасгийн төлөөлөгчид Богд хаанд өргөх бичиг өргөн: “Богд эзэн хааны шинэ төрд дагаж ормой” хэмээн хүсэлт гаргасан байдаг. Тус өргөх бичигт Хлан, Жүртбай, Жунсбай, Бодубай, Айбагар, Айбаза, Тункубай зэрэг ахлагч нарын нэр дурдагдаж, 400 өрхийн өмнөөс төлөөлөн өргөсөн болохыг тэмдэглэжээ. Үүний дараа Монголын төрөөс Хланыг дэмжиж, улмаар Сукурбайн захиргаанд байсан зарим өрхийг нэмж нэгтгэн захируулснаар Шеруш овгийн нийт 450 өрхийг Монгол улсад дагаар оруулсан тухай баримт үлдсэн байдаг. Хэрэй хасгуудыг Монголд дагаар оруулах үйл ажиллагаанд Дамбийжанцан ч оролцож байжээ. Тэрээр Монголын талыг баримтлагч Хлан нартай хамтран ажиллаж, Алтайн хязгаар дахь Монгол төрийн нөлөөг бэхжүүлэхэд дэмжлэг үзүүлсэн тухай архивын баримт хадгалагдан үлдсэн байгаа. 1913 оны 2-р сарын 16-нд Богд хаан сайд нарын айлтгалыг зөвшөөрч Хланыг хошууны ноён болгож, 2-р сарын 18-нд түүний гавьяаг өндрөөр үнэлсэн лүндэн буулгасан амуй. Үүний өмнө буюу 1912 оны намар Богд хааны зарлигаар Хлан болон түүний хамтран зүтгэгчдэд цол зэрэг, шагнал хүртээсэн байдаг. Хланд Бишрэлт цол, Түшээ гүнгийн зэрэг олгосон юм. Энэ бүхэн нь өнөөгийн Баян-Өлгийд амьдарч буй казах иргэдийн өвөг болсон Хэрэй хасгийн тодорхой хэсэг өөрсдийн өргөх бичиг, хүсэлтээр Монгол Уулсын харьяанд орсныг харуулсан түүхэн баримтууд юм. 1917 онд Богд хаант Монгол улсын үед казахуудыг Монгол улсын харъяат болгоход Керейд, Найман овгийн 21000 хасаг иргэд бүртгэгджээ. Казахт 12 овог байх бөгөөд Жантекейн, Шерүүч, Молхо, Керейд нь зонхилох байр суурьтай байдаг байна. Алтайн казахууд нь Керейд овгийн хүмүүс бөгөөд тэд Уах, Абах, Ашамайл хэмээх гурван янзын керейд ажээ. Эдгээрээс Монголд шилжин нутагласан нь Абах керейд, Найман казах ажээ. Абах нь дотроо 12 яс овгоос бүрдэх бөгөөд зарим нь Монголд байхгүй. Харин Найман казах нь Улаанхус суманд цөөн үлдэж, Ховд аймгийн [[Булган сум (Ховд)|Булган суманд]] Ители овог зонхилдог. Маршал [[Хорлоогийн Чойбалсан|Х.Чойбалсан]] [[Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс|БНМАУ]]-ын ерөнхий сайд байхдаа баруун хязгаар руу явж [[Оспан|'''Оспа́н Исла́мулы'''тай]] уулзаж олон үндэстэн ястанг амар амгалан байлгах тухай хэлэлцээр хийсэн байдаг. Түүнд буу сум, мөнгө өгч Шинжаан Уйгарт явуулж буй бослогыг дэмжсэн тэр үеэс Алтайн хязгаарын казах иргэд бөөн бөөнөөрөө Монгол руу дүрвэн иржээ. 1938 оны 6-р сарын 9-нд [[Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс|БНМАУ]]-ын Бага хурал хуралдаж үндэсний цөөнхийн асуудлаар шийдвэр гаргаж байжээ. Уг тогтоол ёсоор урд тал нь улсын хил, зүүн ба хойт талаар Дэлүүн, Хонгор өлөн, Хатуу, Өлгий, Орогтоос урагших газрыг Урианхайтай хамтран тэгш эрхтэйгээр эдлэхээр олгожээ. 1930-аад оноос эхлэн БНМАУ-ын нам төрөөс казахуудыг шинэ газар суурьшихтай холбоотой арга хэмжээг авсан байна. Казакууд 1931 оноос [[Чандмань уулын аймаг|Чандмань уулын аймгийн]] харьяанд байгаад 1940 онд бие даасан [[Баян-Өлгий аймаг|Баян-Өлгий аймагт]] амьдрах болжээ. Сүүлд 1991 онд [[Зөвлөлт Холбоот Улс|ЗХУ]] задрахад түүний бүрэлдэхүүнд байсан Казакстан улс тусгаар бие даасан улс болсны дараа Монгол дахь 50-60,000 гаруй казах иргэд мал ахуйгаа зараад шинэ Казакстаныг зорьсон ба 2000 он гэхэд 10-20,000 нь эргэн буцаж ирсэн байна.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macalester.edu/geography/research-barcus/kazakhs/|title=Kazakhs of Mongolia|accessdate=21-04-2023|last=Barcus|first=Holly}}</ref> == Нэрс == == Монгол дахь алдартай казахууд == Монгол Улсын баатар Н.Икей, алдарт нисэгч генерал [[Мудирасын Зайсанов]], Хаби, [[Байтазагийн Хурматбек]], А.Сарай, Х.Хызырхан, Тилейхан, Ахмет, У.Хамбар, Шангишбай, Хашгынбай, К.Мизимхан, Сөйлхан, 1992-1996 оны УИХ-ын гишүүн асан [[Ажханы Болат]], [[Раздакийн Сандалхан]], [[Таукейн Султан]], Х.Володя, Х.Жекей, А.Мурат, [[Агипарын Бакей]], [[Алмаликийн Тлейхан]], [[Тилеуханы Аубакир]], Элчин сайд асан [[Кадырын Сайраан]], 2000-2005 онд [[Баян-Өлгий аймаг|Баян-Өлгийн аймгийн]] засаг дарга, УИХ-ын гишүүн асан [[Хавдисламын Баделхан]], Хөдөө аж ахуйн дэд сайд асан [[Жанимханы Сауле]] болон Улсын Бага хурлын орлогч дарга агсан [[Кинаятын Зардыхан]], Японы Осака хотод ерөнхий консул асан Ч.Куланда зэрэг юм. == Эшлэл == <references /> [[Ангилал:Угсаатны диаспора]] [[Ангилал:Монголын хүн ам зүй]] [[Ангилал:Монголын ард түмэн]] [[Ангилал:Казахууд]] blbn6drzlgq2uje458o9lsdoykvoyok 0 126792 859984 738886 2026-06-24T05:14:15Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 859984 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Цэрэндашийн Намсрай''' (1939 оны 2-р сарын 19-нд [[Хөвсгөл аймаг|Хөвсгөл аймгийн]] [[Рашаант сум (Хөвсгөл)|Рашаант сумын]] "Өвөр булаг” хэмээх газар төрсөн- 1990 онд Улаанбаатар хотод нас барсан)- Монголын Төрийн зүгэлтэн. МАХН-ын Төв хорооны Улс төрийн Товчооны гишүүн, Төв Хорооны нарийн бичгийн дарга, Ардын Их Хурлын тэргүүлэгчдийн орлогч дарга. == Намтар == Тэрээр малчин Дэлгэрийн Цэрэндашийн хүү болон мэндэлсэн байна. ЗХУ-ын [[Ленинградын Их сургууль|Ленинградын Их сургуулийн]] сэтгүүлийн ангид сурч төгсөөд [[Бээжин]] болон [[Москва]] хотуудад сурвалжлагчаар ажилласан. 1972 оноос МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны ерөнхий хэлтсийн эрхлэгч, МАХН-ын Төв хорооны Ерөнхий нарийн бичгийн дарга Ю.Цэдэнбалын шуурхай асуудал эрхэлсэн туслахаар ажилласан. 1983 оны эцсээр [[Санпилын Жалан-Аажав|С.Жалан-Аажав]]<nowiki/>ын оронд МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны нарийн бичгийн дарга болжээ. 1984 онд Цэдэнбалыг албан тушаалаас нь чөлөөлсөн МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны VIII бүгд хурлаас Ц.Намсрайг МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны УТТ-ны гишүүнээр сонгосон бөгөөд түүнээс хойш улс төрийн товчооны хурлын өнгө аяс өөрчлөгдөж, Намсрай өөрчлөн байгуулалтыг эрчимжүүлэх асуудлыг байнга шахан шаардаж байжээ. 1990 оны 3-р сард МАХН-ын Улс төрийн товчоо бүрэн бүрэлдэхүүнээрээ огцрох тухай Ж.Батмөнх дарга шийдвэр гаргах үйл явцад маш их хүчтэй нөлөө үзүүлсэн хүн бол Ц.Намсрай гэдгийг хойч үеийн залуучууд мартах учиргүй. {{DEFAULTSORT:Намсрай, Цэрэндашийн}} [[Ангилал:Монголчууд]] ti0e3951k9qvrmfog7abvc1rgz1hxge 859985 859984 2026-06-24T05:17:00Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 859985 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Цэрэндашийн Намсрай''' (1939 оны 2-р сарын 19-нд [[Хөвсгөл аймаг|Хөвсгөл аймгийн]] [[Рашаант сум (Хөвсгөл)|Рашаант сумын]] "Өвөр булаг” хэмээх газар төрсөн- 1990 онд Улаанбаатар хотод нас барсан)- Монголын Төрийн зүгэлтэн. МАХН-ын Төв хорооны Улс төрийн Товчооны гишүүн, Төв Хорооны нарийн бичгийн дарга, Ардын Их Хурлын тэргүүлэгчдийн орлогч дарга. == Намтар == Тэрээр малчин Дэлгэрийн Цэрэндашийн хүү болон мэндэлсэн байна. ЗХУ-ын [[Ленинградын Их сургууль|Ленинградын Их сургуулийн]] сэтгүүлийн ангид сурч төгсөөд [[Бээжин]] болон [[Москва]] хотуудад сурвалжлагчаар ажилласан. 1972 оноос МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны ерөнхий хэлтсийн эрхлэгч, МАХН-ын Төв хорооны Ерөнхий нарийн бичгийн дарга [[Юмжаагийн Цэдэнбал|Ю.Цэдэнбалын]] шуурхай асуудал эрхэлсэн туслахаар ажилласан. 1983 оны эцсээр [[Сампилын Жалан-Аажав|С.Жалан-Аажавын]] оронд МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны нарийн бичгийн дарга болжээ. 1984 онд Ю.Цэдэнбалыг албан тушаалаас нь чөлөөлсөн МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны VIII бүгд хурлаас Ц.Намсрайг МАХН-ын Төв Хорооны УТТ-ны гишүүнээр сонгосон бөгөөд түүнээс хойш улс төрийн товчооны хурлын өнгө аяс өөрчлөгдөж, Ц.Намсрай өөрчлөн байгуулалтыг эрчимжүүлэх асуудлыг байнга шахан шаардаж байжээ. 1990 оны 3-р сард МАХН-ын Улс төрийн Товчоо бүрэн бүрэлдэхүүнээрээ огцрох тухай [[Жамбын Батмөнх|Ж.Батмөнх]] дарга шийдвэр гаргах үйл явцад маш их хүчтэй нөлөө үзүүлсэн хүн бол Ц.Намсрай юм. {{DEFAULTSORT:Намсрай, Цэрэндашийн}} [[Ангилал:Монголчууд]] ctjttx61nh96ed15fyu6qjchrphyvwx 0 126795 859983 732761 2026-06-24T05:13:03Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 859983 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Бат-Очирын Алтангэрэл''' ( )- Монголын төрийн зүтгэлтэн. [[Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс|БНМАУ]]-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн орлогч дарга, МАХН-ын Төв хорооны Улс төрийн Товчооны гишүүн. == Намтар == Нийслэлийн арван жилийн 1-р сургуулийг онц дүнтэй төгсөж, ЗХУ-ын Москва хотын Хими Технологийн дээд сургуулийг хөргүүлийн инженер мэргэжлээр төгсөөд Мах комбинатын ерөнхий инженерээс Хүнсний үйлдвэрийн яамны сайд хүртэл дэвшин ажилласан. 1963-1987 онуудад Улаанбаатар хотын намын хорооны нэгдүгээр нарийн бичгийн дарга, Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн орлогч даргаар ажиллажээ. 1972 оноос 17 жил Улс төрийн товчооны гишүүн, 1971 оноос 19 жил Ардын Их Хурлын дарга, 1987-1989 он хүртэл Монгол-Зөвлөлтийн Засгийн газар хоорондын комиссын даргаар тус тус ажиллаж байжээ. [[Ангилал:Монголчууд]] tpmpmkwvjsuxxnu76cpqyycipa8m11f 828 138902 859938 858948 2026-06-23T19:23:11Z Grufo 96681 Upstream updates 859938 Scribunto text/plain require[[strict]] --- --- --- LOCAL ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ Abstract utilities ]]-- ---------------------------- -- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers) local function zero_padded (str) return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str) end -- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting) local function natural_sort (var1, var2) return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) < var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) end -- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number local function get_parameter_name (par_str) local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end return tonumber(ret) end -- Return a copy or a reference to a table local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly) if refonly then return src end local newtab = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end return newtab end -- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len) local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key >= idx then if key > tmp then cache[key - len] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = 1 - idx for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val elseif key < idx then ret[key + len] = val end end end return ret end -- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary) local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len) local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1 if idx > 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < idx then ret[key] = val else ret[key + len] = val end end elseif tmp > 0 then local nshift = idx - 1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val elseif key > 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val elseif key < 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end end else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key > tmp then ret[key] = val else ret[key - len] = val end end end return ret end -- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and -- always parsing numeric strings as numbers local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey) local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey) if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey] = val src[skey] = nil end end -- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn) local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nn = nn + 1 nums[nn] = key else nw = nw + 1 words[nw] = key end end table.sort(nums) table.sort(words, sort_fn) return nums, words, nn, nw end --[[ Public strings ]]-- ------------------------ -- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local mkeywords = { ['or'] = 0, pattern = 1, plain = 2, strict = 3 } -- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local sortfunctions = { alphabetically = false, naturally = natural_sort } -- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers -- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) --[[ Meanings of the columns: col[1] = Loop type (0-3) col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3) col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]` col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]` A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`) ]]-- local mapping_styles = { names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 }, values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 }, values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 }, names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 }, names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 }, names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 }, values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 }, blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 } } -- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names) local memoryslots = { h = 'header', f = 'footer', i = 'itersep', l = 'lastsep', n = 'ifngiven', p = 'pairsep', s = 'oxfordsep' } -- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier local trim_parse_opts = { trim_none = { false, false }, trim_positional = { false, true }, trim_named = { true, false }, trim_all = { true, true } } -- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local isep_parse_opts = { splitter_pattern = false, splitter_string = true } -- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and -- `reinterpreting` modifiers local psep_parse_opts = { setter_pattern = false, setter_string = true } -- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier local position_references = { add_nothing = 0, add_smallest_number = 1, add_last_of_sequence = 2, add_largest_number = 3 } -- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `let` --[[ Module's private environment ]]-- -------------------------------------- -- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`) local modulename = 'Module:Params' -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args` -- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also -- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available local refpipe = { call_for_each_group = true, --coins = true, count = true, evaluating = true, for_each = true, list = true, list_values = true, list_maybe_with_names = true, value_of = true } -- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the -- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if -- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own -- (modified) copy available local refparams = { call_for_each_group = true, combining = true, combining_by_calling = true, combining_values = true, concat_and_call = true, concat_and_invoke = true, concat_and_magic = true, count = true, grouping_by_calling = true, mixing_names_and_values = true, renaming_by_mixing = true, renaming_to_sequence = true, renaming_to_uppercase = true, renaming_to_lowercase = true, --renaming_to_values = true, shifting = true, splicing = true, --swapping_names_and_values = true, value_of = true, with_name_matching = true } -- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we -- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its -- optimal value at Module talk:Params) local maxfill = 1024 -- The private table of functions local library = {} -- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position local static_iface = {} -- Create a new context local function context_new (child_frame) local ctx = {} ctx.frame = child_frame:getParent() ctx.opipe = child_frame.args ctx.oparams = ctx.frame.args ctx.firstposonly = static_iface ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.sorttype = 0 ctx.n_parents = 0 ctx.n_children = 0 ctx.n_available = maxfill return ctx end -- Move to the next action within the user-given list local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward) local nextfn if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if nextfn == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end if library[nextfn] == nil then if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0) else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ directive can only appear in first position', 0) end end remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward) return library[nextfn] end -- Main loop local function main_loop (ctx, start_with) local fn = start_with repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn if ctx.n_parents > 0 then error(modulename .. ': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end if ctx.n_children > 0 then error(modulename .. ', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end end -- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table local function set_strings (dest, opts, start_from) local cmd if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/') :match'^/*(.*[^/])' if cmd == nil then return start_from end local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1 local vname local chr for idx = 1, #cmd do chr = cmd:byte(idx) if chr == sep then for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] amap[key] = nil end argc = argc + 1 else vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)] if vname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' .. string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end table.insert(amap, vname) end end for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end return argc end -- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children` local function push_cloned_stack (ctx, tbl) local newparams = {} local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams } else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.n_children = currsnap end -- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or -- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil` local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg) if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end local tmp = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if tmp == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false end tmp = sortfunctions[tmp] if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false end return tmp or nil, 2, true end -- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let]|[...][number of additional -- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]` local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after) local tbl, pin = {}, start_from local names if src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' and src[pin + 1] ~= nil and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then names = {} repeat names[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])] = src[pin + 2] pin = pin + 3 until src[pin] == nil or not src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' or src[pin + 1] == nil or src[pin + 2] == nil end local tmp = tonumber(src[pin]) if tmp ~= nil and math.floor(tmp) == tmp then if tmp < 0 then tmp = -1 end local shf = append_after - pin for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp do tbl[idx + shf] = src[idx] end pin = pin + tmp + 1 end if names ~= nil then for key, val in pairs(names) do tbl[key] = val end end return tbl, pin end -- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` -- class of modifiers local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style) local style local shf local tmp = src[n_skip + 1] if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1 else shf = n_skip end local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5] tmp = style[6] if tmp > -1 then karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then karg = tonumber(karg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg) end end tmp = style[7] if tmp > -1 then varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then varg = tonumber(varg) n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg) end end local dest, nargs = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist) tmp = style[1] if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 2 end if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then tmp = tmp - 1 end return dest, nargs, tmp, karg, varg end -- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of -- modifiers local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami) if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3 if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end local flg = opts[argc] if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax < 1) or (flg == 3 and ptn == repl) end -- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami) local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1 local keyw for _, val in ipairs(opts) do if state == 0 then nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1 ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false } else keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or ( state > 0 and mkeywords[keyw] > 0 ) then break else state = mkeywords[keyw] if state > 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end end end cnt = cnt + 1 end if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern was given', 0) end return ptns, nptns, cnt end -- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing` and `reinterpreting` modifiers local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp) local tmp local optslots, noptslots, argc = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from local trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = true, false, true, true repeat noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc] if tmp == nil then break end tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp] trimn, trimu = tmp[1], tmp[2] optslots[1] = nil elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 iplain, isp = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[2] = nil elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 pplain, psp = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc] optslots[3] = nil else break end argc = argc + 1 until noptslots < 1 return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc end -- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table local value_maps = { [0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end end, [1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end, [2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key tbl[key] = fn() end end, [3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do margs[karg] = key margs[varg] = val tbl[key] = fn() end end } -- Private table for `map_names()` local name_thieves = { [0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end, [3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do rargs[karg] = key rargs[varg] = val steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn()) end end } -- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn) local cache = {} name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn) for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end -- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric -- suffixes in its keys local function make_groups (src) -- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable! local prefix local gid local groups = {} for key, val in pairs(src) do -- `key` must only be a string or a number... if type(key) == 'string' then prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$' gid = tonumber(gid) or '' else prefix = '' gid = key end if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then prefix = tonumber(prefix) if prefix < 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end end groups[gid][prefix] = val end return groups end -- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and -- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length local function parse_placeholder_string (target) local skel = {} local canvas = {} local idx = 1 local s_pos = 1 local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false) while e_pos ~= nil do canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1) skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@' idx = idx + 2 s_pos = e_pos + 2 e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false) end if (s_pos > target:len()) then idx = idx - 1 else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end return skel, canvas, idx end -- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru) local key local val local spos1 local spos2 local pos1 local pos2 local pos3 = 0 local idx = 1 local lenplone = #str + 1 if isp == nil or isp == '' then if psp == nil or psp == '' then if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else tbl[idx] = str end return idx end spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' else val = str end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = str:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val return idx end if psp == nil or psp == '' then repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end tbl[idx] = val idx = idx + 1 until pos2 == nil return idx end repeat pos1 = pos3 + 1 pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl) val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1) spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl) if spos1 == nil then key = idx if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end idx = idx + 1 else key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1)) val = val:sub(spos2 + 1) if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end end tbl[key] = val until pos2 == nil return idx end -- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values` local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function -- MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local vars = {} local sortfn, tmp, do_sort = load_sort_opt(opts[2]) local argc = set_strings(vars, opts, tmp + 1) if argc < tmp then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end if next(tbl) == nil then if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven } elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end return argc end local cache local len if do_sort then local words cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end len = len + tmp else cache = {} len = 0 for key in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = key end end local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or '' for idx = 1, len do tmp = cache[idx] pmap[nss + 1] = pps pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs) nss = nss + 2 end tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and nss > 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp elseif nss > 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep end pmap[1] = vars.header or '' if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) } return argc end -- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric -- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options -- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters local function concat_params (ctx) local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe) if ctx.subset == 1 then -- We need only the sequence for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end else if ctx.subset == -1 then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then retval[key + nmax] = val else retval[key] = val end end end for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end return retval end -- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this -- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function flush_params (ctx, fn) local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end return end for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end return end if ctx.subset ~= -1 then for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end end -- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value -- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable) local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth) if ctx.subset == 1 then for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end return end if ctx.subset == -1 then flush_params(ctx, fn_oth) return end local tbl = ctx.params if ctx.sorttype > 0 then local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort) local sequence = {} for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end for idx = 1, nn do if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]]) else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end end if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end end return end for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn_seq(key, val) tbl[key] = nil end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end end -- Finalize and return a concatenated list local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize) if len > 0 then local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep if tmp ~= nil and len > modsize * 2 then lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp elseif len > modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep end lst[1] = ctx.header or '' if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end ctx.text = table.concat(lst) else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end --[[ Modifiers ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to library.sequential = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end if ctx.sorttype > 0 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = ipairs ctx.subset = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx) if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.iterfunc = pairs ctx.subset = -1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to library.all_sorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to library.reassorted = function (ctx) if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename .. ': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end ctx.sorttype = 2 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to library.setting = function (ctx) local argc = set_strings(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1) if argc < 2 then error(modulename .. ', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|pipe to library.scoring = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local retval = 0 for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = tostring(retval) return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to library.squeezing = function (ctx) local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then newlen = newlen + 1 indices[newlen] = key store[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end table.sort(indices) for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx) local tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmax == nil then if key < nmin then nmin = key end nmax = key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end nnums = nnums + 1 tmp[key] = val end end if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin > nnums then ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax if ctx.n_available < 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' .. tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to library.clearing = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to library.cutting = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local len = #tbl if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end local tot = lcut + rcut if tot > 0 then local cache = {} if tot >= len then for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end tot = len else for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and key > 0 then if key > len then cache[key - tot] = val else cache[key - lcut] = val end tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to library.cropping = function (ctx) local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename .. ', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params local nmin local nmax for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end if nmin ~= nil then local len = nmax - nmin + 1 if lcut < 0 then lcut = len + lcut end if rcut < 0 then rcut = len + rcut end if lcut + rcut - len > -1 then for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end end elseif lcut + rcut > 0 then for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1 if lshift > 0 then for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx - lshift] = tbl[idx] tbl[idx] = nil end end end end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to library.purging = function (ctx) local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local tbl = ctx.params if len < 1 then len = len + table.maxn(tbl) if idx > len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = len - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to library.backpurging = function (ctx) local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end local idx local tbl = ctx.params if len > 0 then idx = last - len + 1 else for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or key < idx) then idx = key end end if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end idx = idx - len if last < idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end len = last - idx + 1 end ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len) return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to library.shifting = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end local tbl = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val else tbl[key] = val end end ctx.params = tbl return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0 for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if key > nmax then nmax = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local shift = #tbl + 1 if shift < 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end local numerics = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {} local nmax local nmin for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then numerics[key] = val tbl[key] = nil if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key elseif key > nmax then nmax = key elseif key < nmin then nmin = key end end end for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0 local tmp for key in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then nsize = nsize + 1 cache[nsize] = key end end table.sort(cache) for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ] tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx) local sortfn if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn) else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil` if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment| -- [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to library.splicing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp1 = opts[1] local tmp2 local argc local pos local refp if tmp1 ~= nil then tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1) if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if tmp2 ~= nil then refp = position_references[tmp2] if refp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) .. '’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end else refp = 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1]) if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end if refp == 2 then for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end refp = 0 end tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if type(key) == 'number' then if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key elseif key < tmp1 then tmp1 = key elseif key > tmp2 then tmp2 = key end end end end if tmp2 == nil then len = 0 elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2 elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end if len > 0 and pos + len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len) elseif len < 0 and pos - len > tmp1 and pos <= tmp2 then tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len) else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end ctx.params = tbl tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc]) if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 1) then error(modulename .. ', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 < 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end tmp2 = argc - pos + 1 for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to library.imposing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2] return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to library.providing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1]) if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to library.discarding = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2]) if len == nil then ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1]) if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end if len < 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename .. ', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx) local tmp = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_name_matching = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_matching') local tmp local ptn local tbl = ctx.params local newparams = {} for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then tmp = ptn[1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tmp = tonumber(tmp) end newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp] else for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then newparams[key] = val end end end end ctx.params = newparams return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx) local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_name_not_matching') local tbl = ctx.params if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then local tmp = targets[1][1] if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil else tbl[tmp] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local yesmatch local ptn for key in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or] -- |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag -- N]|pipe to library.with_value_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_matching') local nomatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do nomatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val == ptn[1] then nomatch = false break end elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then nomatch = false break end end if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1] -- |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain -- flag N]|pipe to library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe, 'with_value_not_matching') local yesmatch local ptn for key, val in pairs(tbl) do yesmatch = true for idx = 1, nptns do ptn = targets[idx] if ptn[3] then if val ~= ptn[1] then yesmatch = false break end elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then yesmatch = false break end end if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to library.trimming_values = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = tname, args = margs } value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only) value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then for key, val in pairs(tbl) do if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax) end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx) if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1] local tbl = ctx.params if mix == '$#' then for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(tbl) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv) end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to --[[ library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else cache[key] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tbl = ctx.params local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1]) local cache local len if do_sort then local words local wl cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn) for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end else cache = {} len = 0 for _, val in pairs(tbl) do len = len + 1 cache[len] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter -- 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = tname, args = rargs } map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function -- name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional -- arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only) local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call -- style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only) map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function () return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs) end) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain -- flag]|pipe to library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx) local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die = load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing') if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local tbl = ctx.params if flg == 3 then ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn) local val = tbl[ptn] if val ~= nil then tbl[ptn] = nil tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = val end else if flg == 2 then -- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()` ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0') end local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)) end for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' local cache = {} if mix == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end else local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to --[[ library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template -- name|[let]|[...]|[number of additional arguments]|[argument -- 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe local tmp if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local argc tmp, argc = load_child_opts(opts, 2, 0) local gargs = {} for key, val in pairs(tmp) do if type(key) == 'number' and key < 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val else gargs[key] = val end end local groups = make_groups(ctx.params) for gid, group in pairs(groups) do for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) end ctx.params = groups return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.parsing = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim -- flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter -- setter]|[...]|pipe to library.reinterpreting = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=') local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1]) local str = tbl[tmp] if str ~= nil then tbl[tmp] = nil parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) end return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration -- delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to library.evaluating = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc = load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':') if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe) return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end local new_opts, cache = {}, {} local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc for key, val in pairs(opts) do if type(key) ~= 'number' or key < 1 then new_opts[key] = val elseif key >= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end end for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end ctx.pipe = new_opts return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end local cache = {} local mix_k, mix_v = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', ctx.pipe[2] local tmp if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val end elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key) end elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end else local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k) local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v) for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do tmp = tostring(key) for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end end for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end end cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] = table.concat(cnv_v) end end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to --[[ library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local cache = {} for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end ctx.params = cache return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort order]|setting -- directives|...|pipe to library.combining = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end, 'combining' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort -- order]|setting directives|...|pipe to library.combining_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters( ctx, function (key, val, kvs) return val end, 'combining_values' ) + 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local tname = ctx.pipe[1] if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = ctx.params } } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new -- parameter name|pipe to library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local mname = ctx.pipe[1] if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end local fname = ctx.pipe[2] if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] = tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))) } return context_iterate(ctx, 4) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter -- name|pipe to library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier, -- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning local magic = ctx.pipe[1] if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)' else error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params) } return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|snapshotting|pipe to library.snapshotting = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.params) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|remembering|pipe to library.remembering = function (ctx) push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.oparams) return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to library.entering_substack = function (ctx) local tbl = ctx.params local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents + 1 if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl } else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then ctx.params = {} return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children if currsnap > 0 then ctx.params = ctx.children[currsnap] ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 else local newparams = {} for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end ctx.params = newparams end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to library.pulling = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end local parent local tmp = ctx.n_parents if tmp < 1 then parent = ctx.oparams else parent = ctx.parents[tmp] end tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1]) if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end return context_iterate(ctx, 2) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to library.detaching_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to library.dropping_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to library.leaving_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1 if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params } else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 ctx.n_children = currsnap return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to library.merging_substack = function (ctx) local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents if ncurrparent < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent] local child = ctx.params ctx.params = parent ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1 for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to library.flushing = function (ctx) if ctx.n_children < 1 then error(modulename .. ', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end local parent = ctx.params local currsnap = ctx.n_children for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end ctx.children[currsnap] = nil ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1 return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end --[[ Functions ]]-- ----------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|count library.count = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local retval = 0 for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end ctx.text = retval return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2] -- |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value -- n]|[...] library.concat_and_call = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{ title = tname, args = concat_params(ctx) } return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend -- 1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- item n=value n]|[...] library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2) local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname] if mfunc == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{ title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = concat_params(ctx) }) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend -- 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n= -- value n]|[...] library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx)) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name library.value_of = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local opts = ctx.pipe if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end local val local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then key = tonumber(key) val = ctx.params[key] -- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in -- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable) if val ~= nil and ( ctx.subset ~= -1 or key > #ctx.params or key < 1 ) and ( ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key <= #ctx.params and key > 0) ) then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end else val = ctx.params[key] if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '') else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end end return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list library.list = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_values library.list_values = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! -- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = val nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or '' mixed_flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = '' ret[nss + 3] = '' ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end, function (key, val) ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = key ret[nss + 3] = kvs ret[nss + 4] = val nss = nss + 4 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value -- 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] --[[ library.coins = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end return library.list_values(ctx) end ]]-- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = -- value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N] library.unique_coins = function (ctx) local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params local tmp for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tmp = get_parameter_name(val) tbl[key] = opts[tmp] opts[tmp] = nil end return library.list_values(ctx) end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext library.for_each = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or '' local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end end ret[nss + 1] = pps ret[nss + 2] = table.concat(cnv) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append -- 1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...] -- |[named param n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2] -- |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' table.insert(opts, 1, true) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = key opts[2] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local tname if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tname, args = opts } local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local mname local fname if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if mname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts } local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname] local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1) flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1] -- |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named -- param n=value n]|[...] library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx) local opts = ctx.pipe local magic if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if magic == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' flush_params( ctx, function (key, val) opts[1] = val ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end -- Syntax: #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append -- 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param -- n=value n]|[...] library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx) -- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables! local tmp if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end if tmp == nil then error(modulename .. ', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end local model = { title = tmp } local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '' for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val else opts[key] = val end end ctx.pipe = opts ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params) flush_params( ctx, function (gid, group) for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end group[0] = gid model.args = group ret[nss + 1] = ccs ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model) nss = nss + 2 end ) finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2) return false end --- --- --- PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT --- --- ________________________________ --- --- --- --[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|new|pipe to static_iface.new = function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false) ctx.params = {} main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1)) return ctx.text end --[[ First-position-only functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- -- Syntax: #invoke:params|self static_iface.self = function (frame) return frame:getParent():getTitle() end --[[ Public metatable of functions ]]-- --------------------------------------- return setmetatable({}, { __index = function (_, query) local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)' if fname == nil then error(modulename .. ': You must specify a function to call', 0) end local func = static_iface[fname] if func ~= nil then return func end func = library[fname] if func == nil then error(modulename .. ': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end return function (child_frame) local ctx = context_new(child_frame) ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname]) ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname]) main_loop(ctx, func) return ctx.text end end }) fdgmy2j5zj2k25i8s1rqr5wi8hre2zs 0 141084 859887 824673 2026-06-23T12:53:38Z ~2026-36535-42 105507 /* */ 859887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Инфобокс тэмцээний улирал | title = Улсын наадмын бөхийн барилдаан | year = 2025 оны | dates = 2025 оны 07 сарын 11-12 | num_teams = 512 | winners = У.Н [[Энхтүвшиний Батмагнай|Э.Батмагнай]] | second = А.Ар [[Нямдоржийн Өсөхбаяр|Н.Өсөхбаяр]] | semifinal1 = У.Ав [[Пүрэвийн Бүрэнтөгс|П.Бүрэнтөгс]] | semifinal2 = У.Дар [[Намсрайжавын Батсуурь|Н.Батсуурь]] | stat_leader_title = Арслан цол хүртсэн | stat_leader_player = 1 | stat_leader_title1 = Гарьд цол хүртсэн | stat_leader_player1 = 1 | stat_leader_title2 = Харцага цол хүртсэн | stat_leader_player2 = 2 | stat_leader_title4 = Начин цол хүртсэн | stat_leader_player4 = 2 | prev_season = [[2024 оны улсын наадмын бөх барилдаан||2024]] }} 2025 оны Тулгар төрийн 2234 жилийн ой, Их Монгол улсын 819 жилийн ой, Ардын хувьсгалын 104 жилийн ой, Үндэсний их баяр наадмын хүчит бөхийн барилдаанд таван аваргаар магнайлуулсан 512 хүчтэн бөх идэрийн жавхааг гайхуулан барилдсанаас Улсын начин [[Энхтүвшиний Батмагнай|Энхтүвшиний Батмагнай]] түрүүлж, Аймгийн арслан [[Нямдоржийн Өсөхбаяр]] үзүүрлэжээ. 2025 оны Улсын баяр-Наадмын бөхийн барилдаанд дархан аварга-1, улсын аварга -4, арслан-8, гарди-6, заан- 14, харцага- 21, начин- 48, нийт 102 улсын цолтой бөх барилдсан байна. Наадамд зодоглох бөхчүүдээс хамгийн ахмад нь Улсын арслан [[Дуламжавын Мөнх-Эрдэнэ|Д.Мөнх-Эрдэнэ]] байв. ==Шөвгөрсөн арван зургаан бөх== {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512/Start|2025 оны Улсын наадмын бөхийн барилдааны шөвгөрсөн бөхчүүд<ref>{{cite web | title=2025 оны Улсын наадмын бөхийн барилдаан | url=https://www.devjee.mn/t/dMLy4lMdQlIxbXQP6tkQ/round/1/matches | publisher=Дэвжээ.мн - Үндэсний бөхийн мэдээллийн сан}}</ref>}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|1|NF|Баянхонгор|Энхтүвшиний Батмагнай|Нямдоржийн Өсөхбаяр|Пүрэвийн Бүрэнтөгс|Баярхүүгийн Бат-Өлзий|Батсүхийн Зоригтбаатар|Доржхандын Хүдэрбулга|NL}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|2|AL|Сүхбаатар|Нямдоржийн Өсөхбаяр||Намсрайжавын Батсуурь|Баатархүүгийн Пүрэвсайхан|Мөнхтөрийн Лхагвагэрэл|Батнасангийн Гончигдамба|NG}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|4|NGC|Увс|Намсрайжавын Батсуурь|||Оюунгэрэлийн Наранбаатар|Мөнхжаргалын Бямбадорж|Батцэнгэлийн Чимэдвандан|HS2}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|4|NC|Увс|Пүрэвийн Бүрэнтөгс|||Мөнхжаргалын Бэлгүтэй|Шаравдоржийн Отгонтөгс|Алтанхуягийн Нармандах|OoB}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|8|NE|Ховд|Баатархүүгийн Пүрэвсайхан||||Булган-Эрдэнийн Түмэндэмбэрэл|Хутагийн Цогтгэрэл|TsG}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|8|NE|Ховд|Баярхүүгийн Бат-Өлзий||||Лхагвасүрэнгийн Энхсаруул|Баттогтохын Очирхүү|UuZ}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|8|AL|Өвөрхангай|Оюунгэрэлийн Наранбаатар||||Өлзийтогтохын Бат-Орших|Оргихын Хангай|NH}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|8|AL|Дорнод|Мөнхжаргалын Бэлгүтэй||||Баярсайханы Орхонбаяр|Доржийн Анар|NH}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|NL|Сэлэнгэ|Баярсайханы Орхонбаяр|||||Наранболорын Баяржаргал|UN}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|NG|Увс|Өлзийтогтохын Бат-Орших|||||Отгонбатын Баярбаасан|OoI}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|NE|Завхан|Мөнхтөрийн Лхагвагэрэл|||||Оюунбаатарын Мөнх-Эрдэнэ|HSh}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|NH|Архангай|Батсүхийн Зоригтбаатар|||||Эрдэнэхүүгийн Мөнхжаргал|OoI}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|NF|Булган|Булган-Эрдэнийн Түмэндэмбэрэл|||||Сүхбаатарын Сүхбат|OoI}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|NF|Увс|Лхагвасүрэнгийн Энхсаруул|||||Баянзулын Цэдэнсодном|OoI}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|AL|Дорноговь|Мөнхжаргалын Бямбадорж|||||Цэдэвийн Содномдорж|NF}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512|16|AL|Хэнтий|Шаравдоржийн Отгонтөгс|||||Энхтөгсийн Оюунболд|NF}} {{Mongolian Wrestling Tournament 512/End}} ==Эх сурвалж== {{reflist}} {{Улсын наадмын бөх барилдаан}} [[Ангилал:Улсын наадмын барилдаан]] lu5ufzqjf6ppc5xacaix6v4mw42qv2x 0 146535 859900 859700 2026-06-23T17:27:16Z BaldiBear 103637 859900 wikitext text/x-wiki '''"Гурван найз"''' - Монголын 40 ангит телевизийн олон ангит инээдмийн кино 2014 онд [[Боловсрол суваг|Боловсрол суваг телевиз]] болон Эмоци продакшн хамт бүтээсэн юм. == Киноны тухай == “Гурван найз” инээдмийн цуврал нь Солонгосын MBC телевизээр 10 гаруй жилийн өмнө гарч байсан ижил нэртэй киноны Монгол хувилбар юм. Солонгосын MBC телевизийн бүтээл “Гурван найз” кино 2000 онд дэлгэцнээ гарч, хөгжилтэй, хөгтэй залуусын түүх тухайн үедээ үзэгчдийг нэлээдгүй хөгжөөж чадсан гэдэг. Солонгосын “Гурван найз” киноны хамгийн ухаалаг нь болох эмч залуу Чон Ун Иний дүрийг манай кинонд [[Юнител|Юнител компанийн]] ажилтан Төгөлдөр болгон өөрчилжээ. Харин байнга л бүтэлгүйтэж бусдыгаа хөгжөөж явдаг алиа залуу Пак Сан Мёны дүрийг гэнэн цайлган, сайхан сэтгэлтэй Санчир, фитнесийн багш Юн Да Хүний дүрийг хүүхэмсэг залуу Цэкү/Цэрэндалай болгон өөрчилсөн байна. Ямар ч асуудал үл салгах үүрдийн нөхөрлөл, хайр дурлалын төлөөх хөгжилтэй атлаа ширүүн тэмцэл, амьдралыг үргэлж өөдрөгөөр хардаг залуусын түүх гээд эрч хүч бэлэглэх хөгжилтэй бүхнийг “Гурван найз” кинонд өгүүлдэг байна. Ямар ч асуудал үл салгах үүрдийн нөхөрлөл, хайр дурлалын төлөөх хөгжилтэй атлаа ширүүн тэмцэл, бүтэлгүй гурван найзын аз жаргал, адал явдлыг харуулсан кино. 2015 онд "[[Гурван найз: Яасан байх нь уу?]]" хэмээх бүрэн хэмжээний уран сайхны киногоор энэ олон ангит киноны үргэлжлэл хийсэн юм. Дараа нь 2017 онд "Гурван найз: Эргэж ирсэн нь" хэмээх дахиад уран сайхны киногоор үргэлжлэл хийсэн. == Гурван найзын тухай == Тэгвэл олон ангит кинотай хамт байх үзэгчид маань одооноос гурван найзтай илүү дотно танилцах хэрэгтэй болжээ. === Төгөлдөр === Энэ бол Төгөлдөр. Ямар ч багт залан чиглүүлэгч, удирдагч гэж байдаг даа. Төгөлдөрийг манай гурван найзын удирдагч нь бас ээж нь ч, аав нь ч гэж хэлж болно. Багаасаа онц сурлагатан, гавал толгой байсан тэрээр одоо ч гэсэн найзуудынхаа дунд хамгийн про нь. === Санчир === Харин энэ бол Санчир. Жинхэнэ будлианы эзэн гэж хэлж болно. Түүн шиг сайхан сэтгэлтэй хүнийг одоо үед олоход хэцүү шүү. Тийм ч учраас үзэсгэлэнтэй найз бүсгүйтэй. Эгчийнхээ гар дээр эрхэлж өссөн тэрээр найзуудынхаа дунд ч хамгийн эрх, гэнэн цайлган, үрэлгэн нь. Бас мэдээж үнэхээр хөгжилтэй нэгэн. === Цэкү/Цэрэндалай === Энэ бол Цэкү. Бүтэн нэр нь Цэрэндалай. Хэдийгээр тийм сайхан нэртэй биш ч гэсэн тэр үргэлж бүсгүйчүүдийг араасаа хуйлруулж байдаг сайхан залуу. Багаасаа өнчирч хоцорсон ч амьдралд гуньж гутардаггүй, сэргэлэн зантай. Тэр бол саваагүй, алиа бас нэлээд хүүхэмсэг нэгэн. Ингээд бид гурван найзтайгаа танилцчихлаа. == Жүжигчид == === Гол дүрүүд === * ''Төгөлдөр'' — О.Тэмүүжин (Тэмка) * ''Санчир'' — Д.Түвшинтөр (Төтө) * ''Цэкү'' / ''Цэрэндалай'' — Г.Анхбаяр (Анхаа) === Бусад === * Сарнай — [[Гансүхийн Нарансолонго|Г.Нарансолонго]] * Баасан — [[Лхагвын Дэмидбаатар|Л.Дэмидбаатар]] * Цэцэгээ — Ш.Алтанцэцэг * Мөөгий — Б.Ариунцэцэг * Ганаа — Т.Энэрэл * Энэрэл — [[Баатарын Баярмаа|Б.Баярмаа]] == Киноны дуу == {{Track listing | extra_column = Уран бүтээлч | title1 = Stay | extra1 = A Sound | length1 = 3:33 | title2 = Хайж явсан уу? | extra2 = The Highway | length2 = 3:30 }} k9nsnabe46iiisgohzk34wed5vuldsi 0 146834 859876 2026-06-23T12:01:34Z Megzer 20491 Хуудас үүсгэв: "'''Хэсэг байшингийн гэрэлт хөшөө''' бол [[Монгол Улс|Монгол Улсын]] [[Дорноговь аймаг|Дорноговь аймгийн]] [[Иххэт сум|Иххэт сумын]] нутаг Бүсийн чулуу гэх 17-р зууны эхэн үед холбогдох хот, сүмийн туурьд байсан гэрэлт хөшөө юм. Уг гэрэлт хөшөөг босгосон оныг өмнө..." 859876 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Хэсэг байшингийн гэрэлт хөшөө''' бол [[Монгол Улс|Монгол Улсын]] [[Дорноговь аймаг|Дорноговь аймгийн]] [[Иххэт сум|Иххэт сумын]] нутаг Бүсийн чулуу гэх 17-р зууны эхэн үед холбогдох хот, сүмийн туурьд байсан гэрэлт хөшөө юм. Уг гэрэлт хөшөөг босгосон оныг өмнө нь 1659 он гэж тооцож байсан ч, сүүлийн үеийн судалгаанд 1599 онд{{sfn|Uuganbayar|Amgalan|2022|pp=205}} босгосон гэж үзжээ. Уг дурсгалыг [[Цахар түмэн|Цахар түмний]] харъяаны [[Хуучид]] аймгийн [[Жонду дурал|Жунду дурал]] ноёны хүү Дэгэлэй эрдэнэ хунтайжийг 36 насандаа 1596 онд таалал төгссөнийг дурсаж, уг газарт "Алтан цогт харш" нэртэй буддын шашны сүм, дуган бариулсны дараа гурван талдаа монгол бичигтэй гэрэлт хөшөөг сийлж босгожээ. Энэхүү хөшөөг босгоход Бандида Дэлгэр гүүш, хуучидын Зул сэцэн хатан хоёр бичгийн эхийг зохиож, Чодой хиа дархан, үйзэн дангал мэдээч Вималай гэсэн хоёр хүн чулуунд сийлжээ.{{sfn|Uuganbayar|Amgalan|2022|pp=196-198}} == Судлагдсан түүх == 1923 онд Зөвлөлтийн эрдэмтэн В.А.Казакевич, зохиолч Д.Нацагдорж нарын бүрэлдэхүүнтэй судлагааны баг Хэсэг байшинд очиж 11 хэсэг болж хагарсан боржин чулуун хөшөөний хагархай тус бүрийн хэвийг цаасанд буулгаж, судар бичгийн хүрээлэнд хадгалуулжээ. 11 хэсэгт хагарсаныг эвлүүлж үзвэл урт нь 128.2см, өргөн нь 66см, зузаан нь 14см орчим байжээ. Хөшөө гурван талдаа монгол бичээстэй. Хөшөөний дээд тал нь мөлгөр, хоёр тал нь угалзан хээтэй, угалзан дотор хас тэмдэг сийлсэн байжээ. 1923 онд олдсон 11 хэсэг чулууны хагархайгаас 10 нь гээгдэж алга болоод, ганц том нь үлджээ. Үлдсэн ганц бичээсийг эрдэмтэн Х.Пэрлээ 1961 онд судалж нийтлүүлсэн. 2019 онд Монгол Улсын Үндэсний Номын Сангаас судлаач Ч.Гансүх алга болсон чулуун хагархайны цаасанд буулгасан хэвийг олж, галиг хөрвүүлэг хийн судлагааны эргэлтэнд оруулжээ.{{sfn|Uuganbayar|Amgalan|2022|pp=186}} Гэрэлт хөшөө нь өвөр талд 19 мөр, ар талд 31 мөр, баруун хажуу талд 3 мөр бичигтэй.{{sfn|Uuganbayar|Amgalan|2022|pp=186}} Энэ дурсгалыг анх тайлж уншсан [[Хөдөөгийн Пэрлээ|Х.Пэрлээ]] гуай "Лигдэн хаан ёсонгүйн учир говийг туулан Халхын Сэцэн хаан Шолойг түшээр ирсэн Өвөр Монголын ноёд нийлэн 1659 онд босгосон"{{sfn|Uuganbayar|Amgalan|2022|pp=205}} гэж үзэж байсан ч, Ч.Гансүхийн сүүлд олсон бусад хэсгийн цаасан хэвийг нийлүүлж үзэхэд хөшөөг шороо гахай жил буюу 1599 онд босгосон нь тодорхой болж, хөшөөний бичээст дурдагдаж байгаа түмэн, отог аймгийн бүтэц, сүм ба хөшөөг босгоход оролцсон авганарыг төлөөлсөн 3 гүнж, 12 түмэдийг төлөөлсөн онгуудын ноён Хүсэй тавнан, Зэлмэ-ийн үр Баяндара сэцэн тавнан, Чинсан тавнан{{sfn|Uuganbayar|Amgalan|2022|pp=192-194}} зэрэг хатад гүнж, ноёд ихэсийн нэр цол зэрэг нь манжаас өмнөх үеийн үйл явдлыг дурдаж байгаа нь Х.Пэрлээ гуайн дэвшүүлсэн санал няцаагдаж, Сэцэн ханы нутагт 1627 оноос өмнө хуучид аймгийнхан хэдийн нутаглаж байсныг гэрчилж байна. == Ишлэл == {{Reflist}} == Ном зүй == * {{Cite book |last=Uuganbayar |first=M |last2=Amgalan |first2=N |chapter=Б.Нацагдорж. Хэсэг байшингийн хөшөөний бичээсээс Монгол орон дахь Бурхны шашны гурав дахь дэлгэрлийн түүхийг авч үзэх нь |title=Буддын шашин ба Археологи (Эрдэм шинжилгээний хурлын эмхэтгэл)|url=https://www.academia.edu/145844134/%D0%91%D0%A3%D0%94%D0%94%D0%AB%D0%9D_%D0%A8%D0%90%D0%A8%D0%98%D0%9D_%D0%91%D0%90_%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A5%D0%95%D0%9E%D0%9B%D0%9E%D0%93%D0%98 |publisher=Арвайбархан |year=2022 |isbn=978-9919-26-582-3 |location=Улаанбаатар}} [[Ангилал:1599 он]] [[Ангилал:Монгол бичгийн дурсгал]] t8vranaia8vkjuqmri2by8qzmzqoc5b 6 146835 859878 2026-06-23T12:14:28Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859878 wikitext text/x-wiki phoiac9h4m842xq45sp7s6u21eteeq1 10 146836 859886 2026-06-23T12:52:46Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "/* {{pp-template}} */ ul.small-bullet-list { list-style: none; list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 0.95em; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-indent: -0.7em; } ul.small-bullet-list li::before { content: "•"; margin-right: 0.25em; }" 859886 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ ul.small-bullet-list { list-style: none; list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 0.95em; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; text-indent: -0.7em; } ul.small-bullet-list li::before { content: "•"; margin-right: 0.25em; } f53eb70z5mjxwytr7d4jnyc5mit5zti 828 146837 859890 2026-06-23T13:21:15Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "-- This module implements the selection of the location map -- in [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] and [[Template:Infobox Australian road]] require('strict') local p = {} local function isnotblank( s ) return s and s ~= '' end local statenames = { sa = 'South Australia', vic = 'Victoria', nsw = 'New South Wales', qld = 'Queensland', nt = 'Northern Territory', wa = 'Western Australia', tas = 'Tasmania', act = 'Australian Capital Territory', jbt =..." 859890 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements the selection of the location map -- in [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] and [[Template:Infobox Australian road]] require('strict') local p = {} local function isnotblank( s ) return s and s ~= '' end local statenames = { sa = 'South Australia', vic = 'Victoria', nsw = 'New South Wales', qld = 'Queensland', nt = 'Northern Territory', wa = 'Western Australia', tas = 'Tasmania', act = 'Australian Capital Territory', jbt = 'Jervis Bay Territory', ni = 'Norfolk Island' } local mapwidths = { sa = 230, qld = 190, nt = 190, wa = 180, tas = 210, act = 180 } function p.main(frame) local largs = frame:getParent().args local place_type = (largs.type or ''):lower() local map_name = largs.map_type or '' local map_type = (largs.map_type or 'auto'):lower() local state_abbr = (largs.state or ''):lower() local map_width = 270 local coords = largs.coordinates or '' local coordsa = largs.coordinates_a or '' local coordsb = largs.coordinates_b or '' -- Default for LGAs is nomap -- Default for everywhere else is auto if map_type == '' or map_type == 'auto' then if place_type == 'lga' then map_type = 'nomap' else map_type = 'auto' end end -- Apply legacy parameters if isnotblank( largs.alternative_location_map ) then map_type = largs.alternative_location_map map_name = map_type elseif isnotblank( largs.force_national_map ) then map_type = 'national' map_name = 'Australia' elseif isnotblank( largs.use_lga_map ) then map_type = 'lga' end -- Process the value in map_type if map_type == 'state' or map_type == 'auto' or map_type == 'lga' then map_name = 'Australia ' .. (statenames[state_abbr] or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 if map_type == 'lga' then map_name = map_name .. ' ' .. (largs.lga or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 end elseif map_type == 'national' or map_type == 'australia' then map_name = 'Australia' end if isnotblank(coords) or isnotblank(coordsa) then else map_type = 'nomap' end -- Finally build the map if map_type ~= 'nomap' then local caption = largs.pushpin_map_caption or '' if caption ~= '' then caption = '<div style="font-size: smaller;">' .. caption .. '</div>' end if isnotblank(coordsa) then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map many', args = { map_name, relief = largs.relief or '', label1 = isnotblank(coordsb) and isnotblank(largs.direction_a) and (largs.direction_a .. ' end') or (largs.road_name or ''), coordinates1 = coordsa, position1 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_a) and largs.pushpin_label_position_a or 'left', coordinates2 = coordsb, label2 = isnotblank(largs.direction_b) and (largs.direction_b .. ' end') or '', position2 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_b) and largs.pushpin_label_position_b or 'left', marksize = 8, float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map', args = { map_name, label = largs.name or '', relief = largs.relief or '', coordinates = coords, marksize = 6, position = largs.pushpin_label_position or '', float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return '' end return p 48sghh7svwjtbscz3730runyw44dr5y 859891 859890 2026-06-23T13:23:25Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859891 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements the selection of the location map -- in [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] and [[Template:Infobox Australian road]] require('strict') local p = {} local function isnotblank( s ) return s and s ~= '' end local statenames = { sa = 'South Australia', vic = 'Victoria', nsw = 'New South Wales', qld = 'Queensland', nt = 'Northern Territory', wa = 'Western Australia', tas = 'Tasmania', act = 'Australian Capital Territory', jbt = 'Jervis Bay Territory', ni = 'Norfolk Island' } local mapwidths = { sa = 230, qld = 190, nt = 190, wa = 180, tas = 210, act = 180 } function p.main(frame) local largs = frame:getParent().args local place_type = (largs.type or ''):lower() local map_name = largs.map_type or '' local map_type = (largs.map_type or 'auto'):lower() local state_abbr = (largs.state or ''):lower() local map_width = 270 local coords = largs.coordinates or '' local coordsa = largs.coordinates_a or '' local coordsb = largs.coordinates_b or '' -- Default for LGAs is nomap -- Default for everywhere else is auto if map_type == '' or map_type == 'auto' then if place_type == 'lga' then map_type = 'nomap' else map_type = 'auto' end end -- Apply legacy parameters if isnotblank( largs.alternative_location_map ) then map_type = largs.alternative_location_map map_name = map_type elseif isnotblank( largs.force_national_map ) then map_type = 'national' map_name = 'Австрали' elseif isnotblank( largs.use_lga_map ) then map_type = 'lga' end -- Process the value in map_type if map_type == 'state' or map_type == 'auto' or map_type == 'lga' then map_name = 'Австрали' .. (statenames[state_abbr] or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 if map_type == 'lga' then map_name = map_name .. ' ' .. (largs.lga or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 end elseif map_type == 'national' or map_type == 'australia' then map_name = 'Австрали' end if isnotblank(coords) or isnotblank(coordsa) then else map_type = 'nomap' end -- Finally build the map if map_type ~= 'nomap' then local caption = largs.pushpin_map_caption or '' if caption ~= '' then caption = '<div style="font-size: smaller;">' .. caption .. '</div>' end if isnotblank(coordsa) then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map many', args = { map_name, relief = largs.relief or '', label1 = isnotblank(coordsb) and isnotblank(largs.direction_a) and (largs.direction_a .. ' end') or (largs.road_name or ''), coordinates1 = coordsa, position1 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_a) and largs.pushpin_label_position_a or 'left', coordinates2 = coordsb, label2 = isnotblank(largs.direction_b) and (largs.direction_b .. ' end') or '', position2 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_b) and largs.pushpin_label_position_b or 'left', marksize = 8, float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map', args = { map_name, label = largs.name or '', relief = largs.relief or '', coordinates = coords, marksize = 6, position = largs.pushpin_label_position or '', float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return '' end return p orammsb6teipqxso49tp0s44facaqc8 859935 859891 2026-06-23T19:12:56Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859935 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements the selection of the location map -- in [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] and [[Template:Infobox Australian road]] require('strict') local p = {} local function isnotblank( s ) return s and s ~= '' end local statenames = { sa = 'South Australia', vic = ' Викториа', nsw = 'New South Wales', qld = 'Queensland', nt = 'Northern Territory', wa = 'Western Australia', tas = 'Tasmania', act = 'Australian Capital Territory', jbt = 'Jervis Bay Territory', ni = 'Norfolk Island' } local mapwidths = { sa = 230, qld = 190, nt = 190, wa = 180, tas = 210, act = 180 } function p.main(frame) local largs = frame:getParent().args local place_type = (largs.type or ''):lower() local map_name = largs.map_type or '' local map_type = (largs.map_type or 'auto'):lower() local state_abbr = (largs.state or ''):lower() local map_width = 270 local coords = largs.coordinates or '' local coordsa = largs.coordinates_a or '' local coordsb = largs.coordinates_b or '' -- Default for LGAs is nomap -- Default for everywhere else is auto if map_type == '' or map_type == 'auto' then if place_type == 'lga' then map_type = 'nomap' else map_type = 'auto' end end -- Apply legacy parameters if isnotblank( largs.alternative_location_map ) then map_type = largs.alternative_location_map map_name = map_type elseif isnotblank( largs.force_national_map ) then map_type = 'national' map_name = 'Австрали' elseif isnotblank( largs.use_lga_map ) then map_type = 'lga' end -- Process the value in map_type if map_type == 'state' or map_type == 'auto' or map_type == 'lga' then map_name = 'Австрали' .. (statenames[state_abbr] or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 if map_type == 'lga' then map_name = map_name .. ' ' .. (largs.lga or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 end elseif map_type == 'national' or map_type == 'australia' then map_name = 'Австрали' end if isnotblank(coords) or isnotblank(coordsa) then else map_type = 'nomap' end -- Finally build the map if map_type ~= 'nomap' then local caption = largs.pushpin_map_caption or '' if caption ~= '' then caption = '<div style="font-size: smaller;">' .. caption .. '</div>' end if isnotblank(coordsa) then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map many', args = { map_name, relief = largs.relief or '', label1 = isnotblank(coordsb) and isnotblank(largs.direction_a) and (largs.direction_a .. ' end') or (largs.road_name or ''), coordinates1 = coordsa, position1 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_a) and largs.pushpin_label_position_a or 'left', coordinates2 = coordsb, label2 = isnotblank(largs.direction_b) and (largs.direction_b .. ' end') or '', position2 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_b) and largs.pushpin_label_position_b or 'left', marksize = 8, float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map', args = { map_name, label = largs.name or '', relief = largs.relief or '', coordinates = coords, marksize = 6, position = largs.pushpin_label_position or '', float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return '' end return p bbv8tdpl6x4o4uuaksn02q45dlpmskh 859941 859935 2026-06-23T21:44:25Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859941 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements the selection of the location map -- in [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] and [[Template:Infobox Australian road]] require('strict') local p = {} local function isnotblank( s ) return s and s ~= '' end local statenames = { sa = 'South Australia', vic = ' Викториа', nsw = ' Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс', qld = 'Queensland', nt = 'Northern Territory', wa = 'Western Australia', tas = 'Tasmania', act = 'Australian Capital Territory', jbt = 'Jervis Bay Territory', ni = 'Norfolk Island' } local mapwidths = { sa = 230, qld = 190, nt = 190, wa = 180, tas = 210, act = 180 } function p.main(frame) local largs = frame:getParent().args local place_type = (largs.type or ''):lower() local map_name = largs.map_type or '' local map_type = (largs.map_type or 'auto'):lower() local state_abbr = (largs.state or ''):lower() local map_width = 270 local coords = largs.coordinates or '' local coordsa = largs.coordinates_a or '' local coordsb = largs.coordinates_b or '' -- Default for LGAs is nomap -- Default for everywhere else is auto if map_type == '' or map_type == 'auto' then if place_type == 'lga' then map_type = 'nomap' else map_type = 'auto' end end -- Apply legacy parameters if isnotblank( largs.alternative_location_map ) then map_type = largs.alternative_location_map map_name = map_type elseif isnotblank( largs.force_national_map ) then map_type = 'national' map_name = 'Австрали' elseif isnotblank( largs.use_lga_map ) then map_type = 'lga' end -- Process the value in map_type if map_type == 'state' or map_type == 'auto' or map_type == 'lga' then map_name = 'Австрали' .. (statenames[state_abbr] or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 if map_type == 'lga' then map_name = map_name .. ' ' .. (largs.lga or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 end elseif map_type == 'national' or map_type == 'australia' then map_name = 'Австрали' end if isnotblank(coords) or isnotblank(coordsa) then else map_type = 'nomap' end -- Finally build the map if map_type ~= 'nomap' then local caption = largs.pushpin_map_caption or '' if caption ~= '' then caption = '<div style="font-size: smaller;">' .. caption .. '</div>' end if isnotblank(coordsa) then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map many', args = { map_name, relief = largs.relief or '', label1 = isnotblank(coordsb) and isnotblank(largs.direction_a) and (largs.direction_a .. ' end') or (largs.road_name or ''), coordinates1 = coordsa, position1 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_a) and largs.pushpin_label_position_a or 'left', coordinates2 = coordsb, label2 = isnotblank(largs.direction_b) and (largs.direction_b .. ' end') or '', position2 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_b) and largs.pushpin_label_position_b or 'left', marksize = 8, float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map', args = { map_name, label = largs.name or '', relief = largs.relief or '', coordinates = coords, marksize = 6, position = largs.pushpin_label_position or '', float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return '' end return p 61ozfwksp12r6payubcy1oa5a8v4u4q 859954 859941 2026-06-23T22:14:15Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 859954 Scribunto text/plain -- This module implements the selection of the location map -- in [[Template:Infobox Australian place]] and [[Template:Infobox Australian road]] require('strict') local p = {} local function isnotblank( s ) return s and s ~= '' end local statenames = { sa = ' Өмнөд Австрали', vic = ' Викториа', nsw = ' Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс', qld = ' Квийнслэнд', nt = ' Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр', wa = ' Баруун Австрали', tas = ' Тасмани', act = 'Australian Capital Territory', jbt = 'Jervis Bay Territory', ni = 'Norfolk Island' } local mapwidths = { sa = 230, qld = 190, nt = 190, wa = 180, tas = 210, act = 180 } function p.main(frame) local largs = frame:getParent().args local place_type = (largs.type or ''):lower() local map_name = largs.map_type or '' local map_type = (largs.map_type or 'auto'):lower() local state_abbr = (largs.state or ''):lower() local map_width = 270 local coords = largs.coordinates or '' local coordsa = largs.coordinates_a or '' local coordsb = largs.coordinates_b or '' -- Default for LGAs is nomap -- Default for everywhere else is auto if map_type == '' or map_type == 'auto' then if place_type == 'lga' then map_type = 'nomap' else map_type = 'auto' end end -- Apply legacy parameters if isnotblank( largs.alternative_location_map ) then map_type = largs.alternative_location_map map_name = map_type elseif isnotblank( largs.force_national_map ) then map_type = 'national' map_name = 'Австрали' elseif isnotblank( largs.use_lga_map ) then map_type = 'lga' end -- Process the value in map_type if map_type == 'state' or map_type == 'auto' or map_type == 'lga' then map_name = 'Австрали' .. (statenames[state_abbr] or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 if map_type == 'lga' then map_name = map_name .. ' ' .. (largs.lga or '') map_width = mapwidths[state_abbr] or 270 end elseif map_type == 'national' or map_type == 'australia' then map_name = 'Австрали' end if isnotblank(coords) or isnotblank(coordsa) then else map_type = 'nomap' end -- Finally build the map if map_type ~= 'nomap' then local caption = largs.pushpin_map_caption or '' if caption ~= '' then caption = '<div style="font-size: smaller;">' .. caption .. '</div>' end if isnotblank(coordsa) then return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map many', args = { map_name, relief = largs.relief or '', label1 = isnotblank(coordsb) and isnotblank(largs.direction_a) and (largs.direction_a .. ' end') or (largs.road_name or ''), coordinates1 = coordsa, position1 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_a) and largs.pushpin_label_position_a or 'left', coordinates2 = coordsb, label2 = isnotblank(largs.direction_b) and (largs.direction_b .. ' end') or '', position2 = isnotblank(largs.pushpin_label_position_b) and largs.pushpin_label_position_b or 'left', marksize = 8, float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'Location map', args = { map_name, label = largs.name or '', relief = largs.relief or '', coordinates = coords, marksize = 6, position = largs.pushpin_label_position or '', float = 'center', caption = caption, border = 'infobox', width = map_width, alt = largs.map_alt or '' } } end return '' end return p f9lx5p0kw0tymnrl0v538ijkr800qzc 828 146838 859892 2026-06-23T13:28:21Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "return { name = 'Квийнслэнд', top = -9.0, bottom = -29.5, left = 137.5, right = 154.0, image = 'Australia Queensland location map.svg', image1 = 'Australia Queensland relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Australia Queensland location map blank.svg' }" 859892 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Квийнслэнд', top = -9.0, bottom = -29.5, left = 137.5, right = 154.0, image = 'Australia Queensland location map.svg', image1 = 'Australia Queensland relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Australia Queensland location map blank.svg' } ggj71lokrlot19l5erijl6xbjwxjg34 859893 859892 2026-06-23T13:28:46Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Квийнслэнд]] to [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Австрали Квийнслэнд]] 859892 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Квийнслэнд', top = -9.0, bottom = -29.5, left = 137.5, right = 154.0, image = 'Australia Queensland location map.svg', image1 = 'Australia Queensland relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Australia Queensland location map blank.svg' } ggj71lokrlot19l5erijl6xbjwxjg34 828 146839 859894 2026-06-23T13:28:46Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Квийнслэнд]] to [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Австрали Квийнслэнд]] 859894 Scribunto text/plain return require [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Австрали Квийнслэнд]] b0kjvh2hjr3demtypv5frf76p2o9mzy 10 146840 859899 2026-06-23T17:26:16Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "<noinclude><!--Note that the three-letter codes below are ISO country codes, not currency abbreviations--></noinclude><includeonly>{{#switch:{{{2}}} |Aruba|ABW={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.79)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Afghanistan|AFG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 76.18)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Angola|AGO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 364.8258)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Albania|ALB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 109.8508)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes..." 859899 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude><!--Note that the three-letter codes below are ISO country codes, not currency abbreviations--></noinclude><includeonly>{{#switch:{{{2}}} |Aruba|ABW={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.79)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Afghanistan|AFG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 76.18)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Angola|AGO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 364.8258)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Albania|ALB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 109.8508)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |United Arab Emirates|ARE={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.6725)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Argentina|ARG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 48.1479)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Armenia|ARM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 480.4451)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Antigua and Barbuda|ATG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.7)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Australia|AUS={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.3982)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Azerbaijan|AZE={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.7)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Burundi|BDI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1845.607)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Benin|BEN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.9508)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Burkina Faso|BFA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bangladesh|BGD={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 84.0292184167)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bulgaria|BGR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.747)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bahrain|BHR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.376)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bahamas, The|The Bahamas|BHS={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bosnia and Herzegovina|BIH={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.7471)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Belarus|BLR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 20918)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Belize|BLZ={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bermuda|BMU={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bolivia|BOL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6.91)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Brazil|BRA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.9445)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Barbados|BRB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Brunei Darussalam|BRN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.3642)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Bhutan|BTN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 70.4203)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Botswana|BWA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 10.7559)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Central African Republic|CAF={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Canada|CAN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.32679336266012)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Liechtenstein|LIE |Switzerland|CHE={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.993775)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Chile|CHL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 702.8974225615)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |China|CHN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6.9084)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Cote d'Ivoire|Côte d'Ivoire|CIV={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Cameroon|CMR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Congo, Dem. Rep.|Democratic Republic of the Congo|COD={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1647.7601)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Congo, Rep.|Republic of the Congo|COG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Colombia|COL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3280.8316)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Comoros|COM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 439.4631)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Cabo Verde|Cape Verde|CPV={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 98.4952)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Costa Rica|CRI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 587.2946)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Cuba|CUB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Curacao|CUW={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.79)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Cayman Islands|CYM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.8333)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Czech Republic|CZE={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 22.93225)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Djibouti|DJI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 177.72)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Dominica|DMA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.7)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Denmark|DNK={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6.669446615)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Dominican Republic|DOM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 51.2949)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Algeria|DZA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 119.4)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Ecuador|ECU={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Egypt, Arab Rep.|EGY={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 17.56)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Eritrea|ERI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 15.075)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Kosovo|UVK<!-- Unilateral Euro adoption --> |Montenegro|MNE<!-- Unilateral Euro adoption --> |Andorra|AND<!-- Euro monetary agreement --> |Monaco|MCO<!-- Euro monetary agreement --> |San Marino|SMR<!-- Euro monetary agreement --> |Vatican City|VAT<!-- Euro monetary agreement --> |Austria|AUT |Belgium|BEL |Cyprus|CYP |Estonia|EST |Finland|FIN |France|FRA |Germany|DEU |Greece|GRC |Italy|ITA |Ireland|IRL |Latvia|LVA |Lithuania|LTU |Luxembourg|LUX |Malta|MLT |Netherlands|NLD |Portugal|PRT |Slovakia|SVK |Slovenia|SVN |Spain|ESP |Euro Area|EMU|EUR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.893276257067393)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Ethiopia|ETH={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 28.0542)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Fiji|FJI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.1604)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Faroe Islands|FRO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6.6694)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Gabon|GAB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |United Kingdom|GBR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.783445110011929)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Georgia|GEO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.8181)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Ghana|GHA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 5.2174)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Guinea|GIN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 9183.8759)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Gambia, The|The Gambia|GMB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 50.0625)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Guinea-Bissau|GNB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Equatorial Guinea|GNQ={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Grenada|GRD={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.7)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Greenland|GRL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6.6694)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Guatemala|GTM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 7.6967)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Guyana|GUY={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 208.5)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Hong Kong SAR, China|Hong Kong SAR|Hong Kong|HKG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 7.8359)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Honduras|HND={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 24.5085)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Croatia|HRV={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6.6225451667)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Haiti|HTI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 84.1355)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Hungary|HUN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 290.66)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Indonesia|IDN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 14147.6714)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Isle of Man|IMN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.7834)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |India|IND={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 70.897)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Islamic Republic of Iran|Iran|IRN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 249945)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Iraq|IRQ={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1182)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Iceland|ISL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 122.606773601907)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Israel|ISR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.56452734661093)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Jamaica|JAM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 133.3121)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Jordan|JOR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.71)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Japan|JPN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 109.009665900863)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Kazakhstan|KAZ={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 382.75)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Kenya|KEN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 101.99)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Kyrgyz Republic|Kyrgyzstan|KGZ={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 69.7893491807)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Cambodia|KHM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 4061.149)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Kiribati|KIR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.4385)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |St. Kitts and Nevis|Saint Kitts and Nevis|KNA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.7)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Korea|South Korea|KOR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1165.3575)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Kuwait|KWT={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.3036)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Lao PDR|Laos|LAO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 8989.2399)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Lebanon|LBN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1554)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Liberia|LBR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Libya|LBY={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.3979)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |St. Lucia|LCA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.7)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Sri Lanka|LKA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 178.7449)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Lesotho|LSO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 14.4518)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Macao SAR, China|Macau|MAC={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 8.0705)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Moldova|MDA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 17.5750789041)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Madagascar|MDG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3618.3219)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Maldives|MDV={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 15.382)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Mexico|MEX={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 19.2636)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Marshall Islands|MHL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |North Macedonia|MKD={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 54.9472)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Mali|MLI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.91)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Myanmar|MMR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1532.196952807)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Mongolia|MNG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2663.5414)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Morocco|MAR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 9.62)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Mozambique|MOZ={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 62.57)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Mauritania|MRT={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 36.6908)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Mauritius|MUS={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 35.4735)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Malawi|MWI={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 745.9325)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Malaysia|MYS={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 4.1425)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Namibia|NAM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 14.4484)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Niger|NER={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Nigeria|NGA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 325)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Nicaragua|NIC={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 33.1217)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Norway|NOR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 8.8)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Nepal|NPL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 112.8798)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Nauru|NRU={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.3982)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |New Zealand|NZL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.517875)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Oman|OMN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 0.3845)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Pakistan|PAK={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 136.4821)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Peru|PER={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.3373)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Philippines|PHL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 51.7957826494)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Papua New Guinea|PNG={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.3875)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Poland|POL={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.8394)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Paraguay|PRY={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6240.7221)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Qatar|QAT={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.64)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Romania|ROU={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 4.2379)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Russia|Russian Federation|RUS={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 64.7377)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Rwanda|RWA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 899.4584)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Saudi Arabia|SAU={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.75)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Sudan|SDN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 60.4745)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Senegal|SEN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Singapore|SGP={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.3642)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Solomon Islands|SLB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 8.1734)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Sierra Leone|SLE={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 9010.2211)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |El Salvador|SLV={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Somalia|SOM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 25063.75)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Serbia|SRB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 105.2496)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |São Tomé and Príncipe|Sao Tome and Principe|STP={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 22.0489040155)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Suriname|SUR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 7.458)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Sweden|SWE={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 9.45834916666666)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Eswatini|SWZ={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 14.45)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Sint Maarten (Dutch part)|SXM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.79)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Seychelles|SYC={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 14.0335)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Turks and Caicos Islands|TCA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Chad|TCD={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Togo|TGO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 585.911)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Thailand|THA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 31.0476)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Tajikistan|TJK={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 9.5304)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Turkmenistan|TKM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3.5)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Tonga|TON={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.2719)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Trinidad and Tobago|TTO={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 6.7543)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Tunisia|TUN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.9344)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Turkey|TUR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 5.67382)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Tuvalu|TUV={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1.4385)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Taiwan Province of China|Taiwan|TWN={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 30.898 )round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Tanzania|TZA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2300.489)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Uganda|UGA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 3736.8223)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Ukraine|UKR={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 25.8456)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Uruguay|URY={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 35.2554)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |British Virgin Islands|VGB |Caribbean Netherlands |Marshall Islands|MAR |Micronesia|FSM |Palau|PLW |Panama|PAN |Timor-Leste|TLS |American Samoa|ASM<!-- US Territory --> |Guam|GUM<!-- US Territory --> |Northern Mariana Islands|MNP<!-- US Territory --> |Puerto Rico|PRI<!-- US Territory --> |US Virgin Islands|VIR<!-- US Territory --> |United States|USA={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Uzbekistan|UZB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 8836.7875)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |St. Vincent and the Grenadines|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|VCT={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.7)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Vietnam|VNM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 23050.2417)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Vanuatu|VUT={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 114.2533)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Samoa|WSM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 2.618)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Yemen, Rep.|YEM={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 558.6132)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |South Africa|ZAF={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 14.4484)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Zambia|ZMB={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 12.8894)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |Zimbabwe|ZWE={{#expr:({{{1}}}/ 1)round{{#ifeq:{{{round}}}|yes|0|{{{r|2}}}}}}} |#default={{main other|{{error|Unknown country code for year 2019:{{{2}}}}}|{{red|<big>Unknown country code for year 2019:{{{2}}}</big>}}}}[[Category:Pages using an unknown country code in Template:To USD]] }}</includeonly><noinclude> ==Examples== *<code><nowiki>{{To USD/data/2019|100|USA}}</nowiki></code> displays {{To USD/data/2019|100|USA}} *<code><nowiki>{{To USD/data/2019|100|DEU}}</nowiki></code> displays {{To USD/data/2019|100|DEU}} *<code><nowiki>{{To USD/data/2019|100|FRA}}</nowiki></code> displays {{To USD/data/2019|100|FRA}} ==References== {{refbegin}} *{{cite web|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/PA.NUS.ATLS|title=The World Bank exchange rate, DEC alternative conversion factor (LCU per US$)|publisher=[[World Bank]]}} *{{cite web|url=https://www.irs.gov/Individuals/International-Taxpayers/Yearly-Average-Currency-Exchange-Rates|title=Yearly Average Currency Exchange Rates|website=[[Internal Revenue Service]]|publisher=[[US Federal Government]]}} {{refend}} </noinclude> c5rqz52q0umlbm11mux8tp659nf3b2p 10 146841 859934 2026-06-23T19:10:34Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "<includeonly>[[{{#ifexist:{{{1}}} оны Австралийн хүн амын тооллого|{{{1}}} оны Австралийн хүн амын тооллого|Австралийн хүн амын тооллого#{{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}} оны тооллого]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude>" 859934 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[[{{#ifexist:{{{1}}} оны Австралийн хүн амын тооллого|{{{1}}} оны Австралийн хүн амын тооллого|Австралийн хүн амын тооллого#{{{1}}}}}|{{{1}}} оны тооллого]]</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}}</noinclude> egss1s2ij1wa7ozn4sv6t19yaf0rl4l 828 146842 859942 2026-06-23T21:45:30Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "---------------- Defining variables-------------------- local Pop_P = "P1082" -- population property local Applies_P = "P518" -- applies to part property local Pointin_P = "P585" -- point in time property local DetMeth_P = "P459" -- determination method property local RefURL_P = "P854" -- reference URL local RefTitle_P = "P1476" -- reference title local RefPubIn_P = "P1433" --reference published in property local DatePub_P = "P577" -- date of publication proper..." 859942 Scribunto text/plain ---------------- Defining variables-------------------- local Pop_P = "P1082" -- population property local Applies_P = "P518" -- applies to part property local Pointin_P = "P585" -- point in time property local DetMeth_P = "P459" -- determination method property local RefURL_P = "P854" -- reference URL local RefTitle_P = "P1476" -- reference title local RefPubIn_P = "P1433" --reference published in property local DatePub_P = "P577" -- date of publication property local Publisher_P = "P123" -- publisher property local Retrieved_P = "P813" -- retrieved property local CensusAU_I = "Q5058971" -- Australian census item local Instof_P = "P31" -- instance of property local ShortN_P = "P1813" -- short name property local SAL_I = "Q33112019" -- state suburb item (includes SSC and SAL) --local GCCSA_I = "Q112762887" -- Greater Capital City Statistical Area item local LGA_I = "Q33127844" -- Local Government Area item local UCL_I = "Q33127891" -- Urban Centre or Locality --local SA2_I = "Q33128776" -- SA2 local ILOC_I = "Q112729549" -- Indigenous Location local item = nil --------------- Function GetRefsForClaim to check, collate and format all the reference components---------------------- local function GetRefsForClaim(claim, defaulttitle) local refs = "" for b,x in pairs(claim.references) do -- Loop through all references in a claim and pull out the components local refurl = "" -- initialise an empty URL, check if there is one then populate with the actual value (if not it stays as an empty string) if claim.references[b].snaks[RefURL_P] ~= nil then refurl = claim.references[b].snaks[RefURL_P][1].datavalue.value end local reftitle = defaulttitle -- Initialise the default title as the Wikidata item title. This is the fallback title if one isn't provided in the references if claim.references[b].snaks[RefTitle_P] ~= nil then reftitle = claim.references[b].snaks[RefTitle_P][1].datavalue.value.text end local detmet = mw.wikibase.getEntity(claim.qualifiers[DetMeth_P][1].datavalue.value.id) -- Get the dertermination method item local pubinlabel = "" --Initalising an empty published in label. This is the last option for this value. if claim.references[b].snaks[RefPubIn_P] ~= nil then --Checking if the published in part of reference exists (it should for all references) local pubin = mw.wikibase.getEntity(claim.references[b].snaks[RefPubIn_P][1].datavalue.value.id) --If it does then grab the published item and the label of that item pubinlabel = pubin.labels.en.value end local refwork = pubinlabel -- This value is used for non-census references, or as a fall-back value for census references with missing parts local pubdate = "" -- This is the fallback option if published date is missing (no date) if claim.references[b].snaks[DatePub_P] ~= nil then -- This is the second option for the published date (given with references - this is used for non-census references) pubdate = mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatDate('j F Y', claim.references[b].snaks[DatePub_P][1].datavalue.value.time) end if detmet.claims[Instof_P] ~=nil and detmet.claims[Instof_P][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == CensusAU_I then -- Checking for census references (which will have different refwork and published date sources) refwork = detmet.labels.en.value.." "..pubinlabel -- Concatenating to get work - determination method + published in (this overwrites the refwork value for census references) if detmet.claims[DatePub_P] ~=nil then pubdate = mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatDate('j F Y', detmet.claims[DatePub_P][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.time) -- Overwrite the published date value if the determination method item has a date published (for census references) end end local refpublisher = "" -- The publisher is empty if missing if detmet.claims[Publisher_P] ~= nil then local publisheritem = mw.wikibase.getEntity(detmet.claims[Publisher_P][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id) -- Get the determination method item and the publisher item ID refpublisher = publisheritem.labels.en.value -- Get the label of the publisher item end local refaccessdate = "" -- The retrieved date fallback is empty if claim.references[b].snaks[Retrieved_P] ~= nil then refaccessdate = mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatDate('j F Y', claim.references[b].snaks[Retrieved_P][1].datavalue.value.time) -- Populate the retrieved date if it's there end local appliespart = mw.wikibase.getEntity(claim.qualifiers[Applies_P][1].datavalue.value.id).labels.en.value -- The ABS geography type for the particular claim (to use in reference name) local pointintime = mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatDate('Y', claim.qualifiers[Pointin_P][1].datavalue.value.time) -- Getting the point in time as a YYYY (to use in the reference name) local citewebargs = { --Putting all the cite_web arguments into a list (for a single reference) url = refurl, title = reftitle.." ("..appliespart..")" , date = pubdate, work = refwork, author = "[["..refpublisher.."]]", -- Changed the publisher to author for now to match existing population references accessdate = refaccessdate } local wdeditpencil = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = 'EditAtWikidata', args = {qid = item.id, pid = claim.id, nbsp = 1}} --Call the Edit At Wikidata template (to add the edit pencil to end of references) local reference = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{ title = 'cite web', args = citewebargs } --expand template to feed arguments to cite_web refs = refs..mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = 'ref', content = reference..wdeditpencil, { name = refwork.."_"..pointintime.."_"..appliespart.."_"..reftitle } } --Add the reference from this iteration to the list of references for this particular claim end return refs -- List of references to be given to reflist end ---------------This is a function for getting the population geography abbreviation and the Wikipedia article link for the population year --------------- local function GetAbbrLabelYearLink(returnclaim) local appliespartitem = mw.wikibase.getEntity(returnclaim.qualifiers[Applies_P][1].datavalue.value.id) -- This gets the item ID for the current claim Applied to Part value local abbrelabel = appliespartitem.labels.en.value -- This is the fall back value for the geography label if no abbreviation (short name) value exists in Wikidata item if appliespartitem.claims[ShortN_P] ~= nil then -- If a short name value exists then use thi value instead of the full item label. abbrelabel = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title = 'Abbr', args = {appliespartitem.claims[ShortN_P][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.text , appliespartitem.labels.en.value }} -- Output the abbreviated name with tooltip showing the full label end local year = string.sub(returnclaim.qualifiers[Pointin_P][1].datavalue.value.time, 2, 5) -- Get the population point in time as a year string local yearreturn = year -- If no links to Wikipedia articles describing population determination method exist then just output year local detmetitem = mw.wikibase.getEntity(returnclaim.qualifiers[DetMeth_P][1].datavalue.value.id) -- Get the current claim determination method item if detmetitem.sitelinks ~=nil and detmetitem.sitelinks.enwiki ~=nil then -- Check if the determination method item has an enwiki URL yearreturn = "[["..detmetitem.sitelinks.enwiki.title.."|".. year.."]]" -- If it does, use this URL as the link with the year value elseif detmetitem.claims[Instof_P] ~=nil and detmetitem.claims[Instof_P][1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id == CensusAU_I then -- If there isn't a populated enwiki URL for determination method item AND it's a census determination method then... yearreturn = "[[Census_in_Australia#"..year.."|".. year.."]]" -- ... return the population year linked to the corresponding section of the Census in Australia article end return abbrelabel.." "..yearreturn -- Join the geography abbreviation to the year (with link) ready for the final output end ---------------- This ListForInfobox function is being used to grab the correct population value --------------- local p = {} function p.ListForInfobox( frame ) local luaplacetype = "" --Initialise the local place type if frame.args.type == nil then return "" end local articleplacetype = string.lower(frame.args.type) -- Bring in the place type entered into Infobox Australian place template, change to a lower case string if articleplacetype == "town" then -- Check which place type and match to the equivalent ABS geographic area "city", "suburb", "town", "lga", "region" luaplacetype = UCL_I elseif articleplacetype == "suburb" then luaplacetype = SAL_I elseif articleplacetype == "city" then luaplacetype = UCL_I elseif articleplacetype == "lga" then luaplacetype = LGA_I elseif articleplacetype == "region" then -- for now saying region == LGA_I... but unclear what is most apprpriate ABS geography type.... can revise luaplacetype = LGA_I end if frame.args.wikidata ~= nil and frame.args.wikidata ~= "" then -- checking if there's a linked Wikidata item for the article item = mw.wikibase.getEntity(frame.args.wikidata) -- this is the default item specified by the wikidata parameter in the template else item = mw.wikibase.getEntity() -- If there's a Wikidata item connected to the article it will find it here. end -- mw.logObject(item) --------------- CHECK: If item.claims[Pop_P] is nil. If it is return an empty string ---------------------- if not (item and item.claims and item.claims[Pop_P]) then return "" end ------------ PART 1: Find claims with (1) point in time is not nil, (2) applies to part is not nil, (3) determination method is not nil and (4) References table is not empty------------- local validpopclaims = {} --initialise the blank claim table for storing all population claims that satisfy the four conditions local z = 0 -- initialise the table row count for j, s in pairs(item.claims[Pop_P]) do if s.qualifiers ~= nil and s.qualifiers[Pointin_P]~= nil and s.qualifiers[Applies_P] ~= nil and s.qualifiers[DetMeth_P] ~= nil and s.references ~= nil then z = z + 1 validpopclaims[z]=s -- give the claim a new key in the table end end --------------- CHECK: If count of validpopclaims is less than one (eg 0) then return a html message. This checks we have something from which to get a population value and basic reference.-------------- if #validpopclaims <1 then return "" end --------------- PART 2: Compare claim 'applies to part' values against template place type------------------------- local templategeog = {} --initialise the blank claim table for if the template type matches to Wikidata claim applies to part local othergeog = {} --initialise the blank claim table for when the template type doesn't match Wikidata claims applies to part local c=0 local d=0 for i, q in pairs(validpopclaims) do if q.qualifiers[Applies_P][1].datavalue.value.id == luaplacetype then --filter for claims where applies to part = Infobox template type c=c+1 -- give the claim a new key in the table templategeog[c]=q -- claims with Infobox template type geography else d=d+1 othergeog[d]=q -- claims with geography other than specified in the Infobox template type. end end ----------PART 3: Get claims with the maximum 'Point in time' values ------------------ ----------PART 3A: Find the max date of claims with template geography----------------- local maxclaimspertemplategeog = nil --initialise the blank claim corresponding to the max date for k, v in pairs(templategeog) do --loop through all the claims with geography type = Infobox template type local tclaimdate = v.qualifiers[Pointin_P][1].datavalue.value.time if maxclaimspertemplategeog == nil or (maxclaimspertemplategeog ~= nil and tclaimdate >= maxclaimspertemplategeog.qualifiers[Pointin_P][1].datavalue.value.time) then maxclaimspertemplategeog=v end end ----------PART 3B: Find the max date of claims with non-Infobox template geography----------------- local maxclaimsperothergeog = {} for l, m in pairs(othergeog) do --loop through all the claims with geography type = non Infobox place type local oclaimdate = m.qualifiers[Pointin_P][1].datavalue.value.time local claimgeog = m.qualifiers[Applies_P][1].datavalue.value.id if maxclaimsperothergeog[claimgeog] == nil -- using the applies to part value as the table key or (maxclaimsperothergeog[claimgeog] ~= nil and oclaimdate >= maxclaimsperothergeog[claimgeog].qualifiers[Pointin_P][1].datavalue.value.time) -- checking the max date for a particular geography value then maxclaimsperothergeog[claimgeog]=m -- overwrites with a geography-max date claim pair whenever the point in time is bigger than the last iteration. end end ------------------------------Compiling the module output-------------------------------- local returnlist = {} -- Initiate an empty table to store the output claims if maxclaimspertemplategeog ~=nil then -- Situation 1: Getting population for max date claim where applies to part matches the Infobox place type local templategeogrefs = GetRefsForClaim(maxclaimspertemplategeog, item.labels.en.value) -- Getting the references for max date claim where Wikidata applies to part matches the Infobox place type table.insert (returnlist, mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum(tonumber(maxclaimspertemplategeog.mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount)).." ("..GetAbbrLabelYearLink(maxclaimspertemplategeog)..")"..templategeogrefs) --Insert the return string to returnlist. With population value, applies to part, point in time, reference elseif articleplacetype == "town" then -- Situation 2: Getting population for max date claims where Infobox place type = town. If no UCL populations (earlier default) then get ILOC and SAL populations. if maxclaimsperothergeog[ILOC_I]~=nil then local ILOCrefs = GetRefsForClaim(maxclaimsperothergeog[ILOC_I], item.labels.en.value) -- Getting the references for max date claim where applies to part = ILOC table.insert (returnlist, mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum(tonumber(maxclaimsperothergeog[ILOC_I].mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount)).." ("..GetAbbrLabelYearLink(maxclaimsperothergeog[ILOC_I])..")"..ILOCrefs) --Insert the return string to returnlist. With population value, applies to part, point in time, reference end if maxclaimsperothergeog[SAL_I]~=nil then local SALrefs = GetRefsForClaim(maxclaimsperothergeog[SAL_I], item.labels.en.value) -- Getting the references for max date claim where applies to part = SAL table.insert (returnlist, mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum(tonumber(maxclaimsperothergeog[SAL_I].mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount)).." ("..GetAbbrLabelYearLink(maxclaimsperothergeog[SAL_I])..")"..SALrefs) --Insert the return string to returnlist. With population value, applies to part, point in time, reference end else for a, w in pairs(maxclaimsperothergeog) do -- Situation 3: Getting population for max date claims where applies to part doesn't = Infobox place type, and Infobox place type doesn't = town. local othergeogrefs = GetRefsForClaim(w, item.labels.en.value) -- Loop through the claims in maxclaimsperothergeog and output all of them table.insert (returnlist, mw.language.getContentLanguage():formatNum(tonumber(maxclaimsperothergeog[a].mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount)).." ("..GetAbbrLabelYearLink(maxclaimsperothergeog[a])..")"..othergeogrefs) --Insert the return string to returnlist. With population value, applies to part, point in time, reference end end local wikitext = "" -- Initialise an empty string output (this is the value that goes back to the Infobox Australian place) if #returnlist == 1 then -- If there is only one formatted "population (geography year)" string (one row) in returnlist then return it without a bullet point wikitext = returnlist[1] else wikitext = "\n*"..table.concat(returnlist,"\n*") -- If there are multiple formatted "population (geography year)" strings (multiple rows) in returnlist then return all the rows with new line and bullet points between them end return wikitext..'[[Category:Australian place articles using Wikidata population values]]' -- Append the category to the output so we can keep track of which articles are using this module to output a population value end return p fi103wosgzagyo8knwzueri1jd27by0 10 146843 859944 2026-06-23T21:51:49Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "<table cellpadding=4 cellspacing=3 style="width:100%; border: none;"> <tr class=mergedrow><td colspan=3 style="background-color:#f0f0ff;color:inherit;padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center;">'''Эргэн тойрон'''</td></tr>{{#if:{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-w|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}| <tr class=mergedrow> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%; border:none;">{{{near-nw|}}}</td> <td s..." 859944 wikitext text/x-wiki <table cellpadding=4 cellspacing=3 style="width:100%; border: none;"> <tr class=mergedrow><td colspan=3 style="background-color:#f0f0ff;color:inherit;padding: 2px 0px; text-align:center;">'''Эргэн тойрон'''</td></tr>{{#if:{{{near-nw|}}}{{{near-n|}}}{{{near-ne|}}}{{{near-w|}}}{{{near-e|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}{{{near-s|}}}{{{near-sw|}}}| <tr class=mergedrow> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%; border:none;">{{{near-nw|}}}</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:34%; border:none;">{{{near-n|}}}</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%; border:none;">{{{near-ne|}}}</td> </tr><tr class=mergedrow> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%; border:none;">{{{near-w|}}}</td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px 0px; width:34%;font-weight:bold; border:none;">{{#if:{{{near|}}}|{{{near}}}|{{{name|}}}}}</td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%; border:none;">{{{near-e|}}}</td> </tr><tr class=mergedrow> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%; border:none;">{{{near-sw|}}}</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:34%; border:none;">{{{near-s|}}}</td> <td style="text-align:center; padding: 3px 0px; width:33%; border:none;">{{{near-se|}}}</td> </tr> | <tr class=mergedrow> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; padding:3px 0px; width:99%; border:none;">{{{near}}}</td> </tr> }} </td> </table> dzajxtcvwt2sxz2uq2q2clf7alcl2o4 0 146844 859947 2026-06-23T21:55:08Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Ньюкасл (Австрали)]] to [[Ньюкасл, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] 859947 wikitext text/x-wiki #ЧИГЛҮҮЛЭГ [[Ньюкасл, Шинэ Өмнөд Уэльс]] 32h48i6gw8lrinf5vg8yk0mniej55ff 0 146845 859953 2026-06-23T22:10:10Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Голд-Кост]] to [[Голд-Кост, Квийнслэнд]] 859953 wikitext text/x-wiki #ЧИГЛҮҮЛЭГ [[Голд-Кост, Квийнслэнд]] eezn6xn12s33e92c8sm3g44jkv4htl3 0 146846 859960 2026-06-23T22:35:04Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Дарвин хот]] to [[Дарвин, Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] 859960 wikitext text/x-wiki #ЧИГЛҮҮЛЭГ [[Дарвин, Хойд Нутаг Дэвсгэр]] kb8pfzzu53h9mapqvknh19ugw6ydeh3 828 146847 859964 2026-06-23T22:47:33Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "return { name = 'Баруун Австрали', top = -13.2, bottom = -35.5, left = 112.5, right = 129.5, image = 'Australia Western Australia location map.svg', image1 = 'Australia Western Australia relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Australia Western Australia location map blank.svg' }" 859964 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Баруун Австрали', top = -13.2, bottom = -35.5, left = 112.5, right = 129.5, image = 'Australia Western Australia location map.svg', image1 = 'Australia Western Australia relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Australia Western Australia location map blank.svg' } ph2i2bwqo4533xxqxj222y6y61cxxza 859965 859964 2026-06-23T22:47:39Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Баруун Австрали]] to [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Австрали Баруун Австрали]] 859964 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Баруун Австрали', top = -13.2, bottom = -35.5, left = 112.5, right = 129.5, image = 'Australia Western Australia location map.svg', image1 = 'Australia Western Australia relief location map.jpg', image2 = 'Australia Western Australia location map blank.svg' } ph2i2bwqo4533xxqxj222y6y61cxxza 828 146848 859966 2026-06-23T22:47:39Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Enkhsaihan2005 moved page [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Баруун Австрали]] to [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Австрали Баруун Австрали]] 859966 Scribunto text/plain return require [[Module:Байршлын газрын зураг/өгөгдөл/Австрали Баруун Австрали]] 7vygin6u2q1x11vr5ckw6ejmwjtgmw8 10 146849 859972 2026-06-23T23:12:54Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "<div class="thumb floatleft imagemap"> <div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; width:{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}||300px|{{{width}}}}}; font-size:smaller;" >[[Image:{{#ifeq:{{{Map|}}}||Romania judete.svg|{{{Map}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}||300px|{{{width}}}}}|Румыны тойргууд]] <div style="position: absolute; left: 32%; top: 44%;">{{#ifeq:{{{AB|}}}||[[Алба тойрог|AB]]|[[{{{AB}}}|AB]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 16%; top:..." 859972 wikitext text/x-wiki <div class="thumb floatleft imagemap"> <div class="thumbinner" style="position: relative; width:{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}||300px|{{{width}}}}}; font-size:smaller;" >[[Image:{{#ifeq:{{{Map|}}}||Romania judete.svg|{{{Map}}}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{width|}}}||300px|{{{width}}}}}|Румыны тойргууд]] <div style="position: absolute; left: 32%; top: 44%;">{{#ifeq:{{{AB|}}}||[[Алба тойрог|AB]]|[[{{{AB}}}|AB]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 16%; top: 41%;">{{#ifeq:{{{AR|}}}||[[Арад тойрог|AR]]|[[{{{AR}}}|AR]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 45%; top: 64%;">{{#ifeq:{{{AG|}}}||[[Аржеш тойрог|AG]]|[[{{{AG}}}|AG]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 65%; top: 40%;">{{#ifeq:{{{BC|}}}||[[Бакау тойрог|BC]]|[[{{{BC}}}|BC]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 19%; top: 28%;">{{#ifeq:{{{BH|}}}||[[Бихор тойрог|BH]]|[[{{{BH}}}|BH]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 42%; top: 25%;">{{#ifeq:{{{BN|}}}||[[Бистрица-Насауд тойрог|BN]]|[[{{{BN}}}|BN]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 65%; top: 13%;">{{#ifeq:{{{BT|}}}||[[Ботошани тойрог|BT]]|[[{{{BT}}}|BT]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 49%; top: 51%;">{{#ifeq:{{{BV|}}}||[[Брашов тойрог|BV]]|[[{{{BV}}}|BV]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 74%; top: 63%;">{{#ifeq:{{{BR|}}}||[[Браила тойрог|BR]]|[[{{{BR}}}|BR]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 65%; top: 61%;">{{#ifeq:{{{BZ|}}}||[[Бузау тойрог|BZ]]|[[{{{BZ}}}|BZ]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 17%; top: 62%;">{{#ifeq:{{{CS|}}}||[[Караш-Северин тойрог|CS]]|[[{{{CS}}}|CS]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 68%; top: 79%;">{{#ifeq:{{{CL|}}}||[[Кэлэраши тойрог|CL]]|[[{{{CL}}}|CL]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 33%; top: 33%;">{{#ifeq:{{{CJ|}}}||[[Клуж тойрог|CJ]]|[[{{{CJ}}}|CJ]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 81%; top: 80%;">{{#ifeq:{{{CT|}}}||[[Констанца тойрог|CT]]|[[{{{CT}}}|CT]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 56%; top: 49%;">{{#ifeq:{{{CV|}}}||[[Ковасна тойрог|CV]]|[[{{{CV}}}|CV]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 52%; top: 68%;">{{#ifeq:{{{DB|}}}||[[Дымбовица тойрог|DB]]|[[{{{DB}}}|DB]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 33%; top: 80%;">{{#ifeq:{{{DJ|}}}||[[Долж тойрог|DJ]]|[[{{{DJ}}}|DJ]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 75%; top: 51%;">{{#ifeq:{{{GL|}}}||[[Галац тойрог|GL]]|[[{{{GL}}}|GL]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 56%; top: 82%;">{{#ifeq:{{{GR|}}}||[[Журжу тойрог|GR]]|[[{{{GR}}}|GR]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 30%; top: 65%;">{{#ifeq:{{{GJ|}}}||[[Горж тойрог|GJ]]|[[{{{GJ}}}|GJ]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 52%; top: 37%;">{{#ifeq:{{{HR|}}}||[[Харгита тойрог|HR]]|[[{{{HR}}}|HR]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 26%; top: 50%;">{{#ifeq:{{{HD|}}}||[[Хунедоара тойрог|HD]]|[[{{{HD}}}|HD]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 70%; top: 72%;">{{#ifeq:{{{IL|}}}||[[Яломица тойрог|IL]]|[[{{{IL}}}|IL]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 70%; top: 25%;">{{#ifeq:{{{IS|}}}||[[Яш тойрог|IS]]|[[{{{IS}}}|IS]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 60%; top: 71%;">{{#ifeq:{{{IF|}}}||[[Илфов тойрог|IF]]|[[{{{IF}}}|IF]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 36%; top: 16%;">{{#ifeq:{{{MM|}}}||[[Марамуреш тойрог|MM]]|[[{{{MM}}}|MM]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 25%; top: 73%;">{{#ifeq:{{{MH|}}}||[[Мехединци тойрог|MH]]|[[{{{MH}}}|MH]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 43%; top: 37%;">{{#ifeq:{{{MS|}}}||[[Муреш тойрог|MS]]|[[{{{MS}}}|MS]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 60%; top: 29%;">{{#ifeq:{{{NT|}}}||[[Нямц тойрог|NT]]|[[{{{NT}}}|NT]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 41%; top: 80%;">{{#ifeq:{{{OT|}}}||[[Олт тойрог|OT]]|[[{{{OT}}}|OT]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 57%; top: 64%;">{{#ifeq:{{{PH|}}}||[[Прахова тойрог|PH]]|[[{{{PH}}}|PH]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 26%; top: 16%;">{{#ifeq:{{{SM|}}}||[[Сату Маре тойрог|SM]]|[[{{{SM}}}|SM]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 29%; top: 26%;">{{#ifeq:{{{SJ|}}}||[[Сэлаж тойрог|SJ]]|[[{{{SJ}}}|SJ]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 40%; top: 50%;">{{#ifeq:{{{SB|}}}||[[Сибиу тойрог|SB]]|[[{{{SB}}}|SB]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 54%; top: 18%;">{{#ifeq:{{{SV|}}}||[[Сучава тойрог|SV]]|[[{{{SV}}}|SV]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 49%; top: 83%;">{{#ifeq:{{{TR|}}}||[[Телеорман тойрог|TR]]|[[{{{TR}}}|TR]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 9%; top: 51%;">{{#ifeq:{{{TM|}}}||[[Тимиш тойрог|TM]]|[[{{{TM}}}|TM]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 85%; top: 65%;">{{#ifeq:{{{TL|}}}||[[Тулча тойрог|TL]]|[[{{{TL}}}|TL]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 75%; top: 38%;">{{#ifeq:{{{VS|}}}||[[Васлуй тойрог|VS]]|[[{{{VS}}}|VS]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 38%; top: 63%;">{{#ifeq:{{{VL|}}}||[[Вылча тойрог|VL]]|[[{{{VL}}}|VL]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 67%; top: 51%;">{{#ifeq:{{{VN|}}}||[[Вранча тойрог|VN]]|[[{{{VN}}}|VN]]}}</div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 60%; top: 77%;">{{#ifeq:{{{B|}}}||[[Бухарест|B]]|[[{{{B}}}|B]]}}</div> </div> </div><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7x7hclawpg1vt42qgr5sjk4fpop67tt 0 146850 859978 2026-06-24T01:12:16Z NmkSunshine 105511 Нийтлэл үүсгэв 859978 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эрдэнэт үйлдвэрийн ажилтан Б.Нямдэлгэр Олон улсын дуулаачдын уралдааны гурван төрөлд магнайдаж, “Шилдэг олон талт дуучин”-аар шалгарлаа |url=https://erdenettoday.mn/art/6426?fbclid=IwZnRzaASoDhpleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBzcnRjBmFwcF9pZAo2NjI4NTY4Mzc5AAEeEZnoXND_iup3GYNxICLKhgJb04w-AbSQhjQFm4flQG1R8_EOQw9HqZ9_5Pk_aem_FRDuGR48u-WXr6yeKbhQ3w}}</ref>‘’‘Баасанбаатарын Нямдэлгэр’’’ (1994 оны 12 дугаар сарын 22-нд Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн) нь Монголын дуучин, соёлын ажилтан, баяжуулагч мэргэжилтэй уран бүтээлч юм. Тэрээр “Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр” ТӨҮГ-т ажилладаг бөгөөд дуу хөгжмийн уран бүтээл болон соёл, олон нийтийн үйл ажиллагаанд оролцдогоороо танигдсан. == Намтар == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн. 2015 онд Соёл урлагийн их сургуулийг Монгол Улсын Гавьяат Жүжигчин Ч.Насантогтохын удирдлага дор эстрадын дуучин мэргэжлээр төгссөн. 2016 онд Ш.Отгонбилэгийн нэрэмжит Технологийн сургуулийг түгээмэл баяжуулагч чиглэлээр төгсөж, мэргэжил дээшлүүлсэн. 2017 оны 12 дугаар сараас эхлэн “Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр” ТӨҮГ-ын Баяжуулах үйлдвэрт соёл, олон нийтийн ажлын арга зүйчээр ажиллаж байна. Тэрээр Удирдлагын академийн “Удирдлагын манлайлал” сургалтад хамрагдсан бөгөөд ОХУ-ын Ерөнхийлөгчийн академийн төрийн удирдлагын мэргэжил дээшлүүлэх хөтөлбөрт суралцсан. 2025 онд Отгонтэнгэр их сургуулийг сэтгэл судлалын магистрын зэрэгтэй төгссөн. == Уран бүтээл == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь 2022 онд өөрийн анхны бүрэн хэмжээний ‘‘MyTone’’ цомгийг гаргаж, тайлан тоглолтоо зохион байгуулсан. Түүний дуулсан “Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана”, “Талын Монголдоо”, “Үүрд хамтдаа”, “Хүслийн гурван од” зэрэг дуунууд олон нийтэд хүрсэн. == Шагнал, амжилт == * 2018 он — Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн ивээл дор зохион байгуулагдсан “Морин хуур” улсын уралдаанд Л.Балхжавын хөгжим, “Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана” дуугаар тусгай байр * 2024 он — ОХУ-ын Москва хотод болсон И.Дунаевскийн нэрэмжит олон улсын мэргэжлийн дуулаачдын тэмцээнд дэд байр, гутгаар байр, “Олон талт билиг авьяас” номинац * 2024 он — “Mongolian Songs” улсын уралдааны Гран-при шагнал * 2025 он — БНХАУ-ын ӨМӨЗО-ны хэвлэл мэдээллийн байгууллагын зохион байгуулсан “Торгон эгшиг” олон улсын хятад дууны уралдааны Гран-при * 2026 он — ОХУ-ын Бүгд Найрамдах Буриад Улсын Соёлын яам болон Чайковскийн нэрэмжит урлагийн их сургуулийн олон улсын фестивалийн тусгай байр == Цол, шагнал == * 2022 он — Монгол Улсын Соёлын тэргүүний ажилтан * 2022 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Тэргүүний залуу” шагнал * 2023 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Хөдөлмөрийн алдар” шагнал * 2025 он — Монголын Үндэсний Олимпын Хорооны Алтан медаль == Эх сурвалж == <references /> escq5zfnlcd0v2xf6kpu9an2ke6iy4u 859980 859978 2026-06-24T04:55:04Z Zorigt 49 Zorigt moved page [[Б.Нямдэлгэр]] to [[Баасанбаатарын Нямдэлгэр]] without leaving a redirect 859978 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>{{Cite web |title=Эрдэнэт үйлдвэрийн ажилтан Б.Нямдэлгэр Олон улсын дуулаачдын уралдааны гурван төрөлд магнайдаж, “Шилдэг олон талт дуучин”-аар шалгарлаа |url=https://erdenettoday.mn/art/6426?fbclid=IwZnRzaASoDhpleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBzcnRjBmFwcF9pZAo2NjI4NTY4Mzc5AAEeEZnoXND_iup3GYNxICLKhgJb04w-AbSQhjQFm4flQG1R8_EOQw9HqZ9_5Pk_aem_FRDuGR48u-WXr6yeKbhQ3w}}</ref>‘’‘Баасанбаатарын Нямдэлгэр’’’ (1994 оны 12 дугаар сарын 22-нд Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн) нь Монголын дуучин, соёлын ажилтан, баяжуулагч мэргэжилтэй уран бүтээлч юм. Тэрээр “Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр” ТӨҮГ-т ажилладаг бөгөөд дуу хөгжмийн уран бүтээл болон соёл, олон нийтийн үйл ажиллагаанд оролцдогоороо танигдсан. == Намтар == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн. 2015 онд Соёл урлагийн их сургуулийг Монгол Улсын Гавьяат Жүжигчин Ч.Насантогтохын удирдлага дор эстрадын дуучин мэргэжлээр төгссөн. 2016 онд Ш.Отгонбилэгийн нэрэмжит Технологийн сургуулийг түгээмэл баяжуулагч чиглэлээр төгсөж, мэргэжил дээшлүүлсэн. 2017 оны 12 дугаар сараас эхлэн “Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр” ТӨҮГ-ын Баяжуулах үйлдвэрт соёл, олон нийтийн ажлын арга зүйчээр ажиллаж байна. Тэрээр Удирдлагын академийн “Удирдлагын манлайлал” сургалтад хамрагдсан бөгөөд ОХУ-ын Ерөнхийлөгчийн академийн төрийн удирдлагын мэргэжил дээшлүүлэх хөтөлбөрт суралцсан. 2025 онд Отгонтэнгэр их сургуулийг сэтгэл судлалын магистрын зэрэгтэй төгссөн. == Уран бүтээл == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь 2022 онд өөрийн анхны бүрэн хэмжээний ‘‘MyTone’’ цомгийг гаргаж, тайлан тоглолтоо зохион байгуулсан. Түүний дуулсан “Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана”, “Талын Монголдоо”, “Үүрд хамтдаа”, “Хүслийн гурван од” зэрэг дуунууд олон нийтэд хүрсэн. == Шагнал, амжилт == * 2018 он — Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн ивээл дор зохион байгуулагдсан “Морин хуур” улсын уралдаанд Л.Балхжавын хөгжим, “Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана” дуугаар тусгай байр * 2024 он — ОХУ-ын Москва хотод болсон И.Дунаевскийн нэрэмжит олон улсын мэргэжлийн дуулаачдын тэмцээнд дэд байр, гутгаар байр, “Олон талт билиг авьяас” номинац * 2024 он — “Mongolian Songs” улсын уралдааны Гран-при шагнал * 2025 он — БНХАУ-ын ӨМӨЗО-ны хэвлэл мэдээллийн байгууллагын зохион байгуулсан “Торгон эгшиг” олон улсын хятад дууны уралдааны Гран-при * 2026 он — ОХУ-ын Бүгд Найрамдах Буриад Улсын Соёлын яам болон Чайковскийн нэрэмжит урлагийн их сургуулийн олон улсын фестивалийн тусгай байр == Цол, шагнал == * 2022 он — Монгол Улсын Соёлын тэргүүний ажилтан * 2022 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Тэргүүний залуу” шагнал * 2023 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Хөдөлмөрийн алдар” шагнал * 2025 он — Монголын Үндэсний Олимпын Хорооны Алтан медаль == Эх сурвалж == <references /> escq5zfnlcd0v2xf6kpu9an2ke6iy4u 859981 859980 2026-06-24T04:58:10Z Zorigt 49 859981 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Баасанбаатарын Нямдэлгэр''' (1994 оны 12 дугаар сарын 22-нд Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн) нь Монголын дуучин, соёлын ажилтан, баяжуулагч мэргэжилтэй уран бүтээлч юм. Тэрээр “[[Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр]]” ТӨҮГ-т ажилладаг бөгөөд дуу хөгжмийн уран бүтээл болон соёл, олон нийтийн үйл ажиллагаанд оролцдогоороо танигдсан. == Намтар == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн. 2015 онд Соёл урлагийн их сургуулийг Монгол Улсын Гавьяат Жүжигчин Ч.Насантогтохын удирдлага дор эстрадын дуучин мэргэжлээр төгссөн. 2016 онд Ш.Отгонбилэгийн нэрэмжит Технологийн сургуулийг түгээмэл баяжуулагч чиглэлээр төгсөж, мэргэжил дээшлүүлсэн. 2017 оны 12 дугаар сараас эхлэн “Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр” ТӨҮГ-ын Баяжуулах үйлдвэрт соёл, олон нийтийн ажлын арга зүйчээр ажиллаж байна. Тэрээр Удирдлагын академийн “Удирдлагын манлайлал” сургалтад хамрагдсан бөгөөд ОХУ-ын Ерөнхийлөгчийн академийн төрийн удирдлагын мэргэжил дээшлүүлэх хөтөлбөрт суралцсан. 2025 онд Отгонтэнгэр их сургуулийг сэтгэл судлалын магистрын зэрэгтэй төгссөн. == Уран бүтээл == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь 2022 онд өөрийн анхны бүрэн хэмжээний "MyTone" цомгийг гаргаж, тайлан тоглолтоо зохион байгуулсан. Түүний дуулсан "Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана", "Талын Монголдоо", "Үүрд хамтдаа", "Хүслийн гурван од" зэрэг дуунууд олон нийтэд хүрсэн. == Шагнал, амжилт == * 2018 он — Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн ивээл дор зохион байгуулагдсан “Морин хуур” улсын уралдаанд Л.Балхжавын хөгжим, “Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана” дуугаар тусгай байр * 2024 он — ОХУ-ын Москва хотод болсон И.Дунаевскийн нэрэмжит олон улсын мэргэжлийн дуулаачдын тэмцээнд дэд байр, гутгаар байр, “Олон талт билиг авьяас” номинац<ref>{{Cite web |title=Эрдэнэт үйлдвэрийн ажилтан Б.Нямдэлгэр Олон улсын дуулаачдын уралдааны гурван төрөлд магнайдаж, “Шилдэг олон талт дуучин”-аар шалгарлаа |url=https://erdenettoday.mn/art/6426?fbclid=IwZnRzaASoDhpleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBzcnRjBmFwcF9pZAo2NjI4NTY4Mzc5AAEeEZnoXND_iup3GYNxICLKhgJb04w-AbSQhjQFm4flQG1R8_EOQw9HqZ9_5Pk_aem_FRDuGR48u-WXr6yeKbhQ3w}}</ref> * 2024 он — “Mongolian Songs” улсын уралдааны Гран-при шагнал * 2025 он — БНХАУ-ын ӨМӨЗО-ны хэвлэл мэдээллийн байгууллагын зохион байгуулсан “Торгон эгшиг” олон улсын хятад дууны уралдааны Гран-при * 2026 он — ОХУ-ын Бүгд Найрамдах Буриад Улсын Соёлын яам болон Чайковскийн нэрэмжит урлагийн их сургуулийн олон улсын фестивалийн тусгай байр == Цол, шагнал == * 2022 он — Монгол Улсын Соёлын тэргүүний ажилтан * 2022 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Тэргүүний залуу” шагнал * 2023 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Хөдөлмөрийн алдар” шагнал * 2025 он — Монголын Үндэсний Олимпын Хорооны Алтан медаль == Эх сурвалж == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Нямдэлгэр, Баасанбаатарын}} [[Ангилал:Монголын дуучин]] [[Ангилал:Баян-Өндөрийн хүн]] [[Ангилал:1994 онд төрсөн]] q0skaitgu2afq9bfuo5c7ffdnj0pskc 859982 859981 2026-06-24T04:58:58Z Zorigt 49 859982 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Баасанбаатарын Нямдэлгэр''' (1994 оны 12 дугаар сарын 22-нд Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн) нь Монголын дуучин, соёлын ажилтан, баяжуулагч мэргэжилтэй уран бүтээлч юм. Тэрээр “[[Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр]]” ТӨҮГ-т ажилладаг бөгөөд дуу хөгжмийн уран бүтээл болон соёл, олон нийтийн үйл ажиллагаанд оролцдогоороо танигдсан. == Намтар == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь Орхон аймгийн Баян-Өндөр суманд төрсөн. 2015 онд Соёл урлагийн их сургуулийг Монгол Улсын Гавьяат Жүжигчин Ч.Насантогтохын удирдлага дор эстрадын дуучин мэргэжлээр төгссөн. 2016 онд Ш.Отгонбилэгийн нэрэмжит Технологийн сургуулийг түгээмэл баяжуулагч чиглэлээр төгсөж, мэргэжил дээшлүүлсэн. 2017 оны 12 дугаар сараас эхлэн “Эрдэнэт үйлдвэр” ТӨҮГ-ын Баяжуулах үйлдвэрт соёл, олон нийтийн ажлын арга зүйчээр ажиллаж байна. Тэрээр Удирдлагын академийн “Удирдлагын манлайлал” сургалтад хамрагдсан бөгөөд ОХУ-ын Ерөнхийлөгчийн академийн төрийн удирдлагын мэргэжил дээшлүүлэх хөтөлбөрт суралцсан. 2025 онд Отгонтэнгэр их сургуулийг сэтгэл судлалын магистрын зэрэгтэй төгссөн. == Уран бүтээл == Б.Нямдэлгэр нь 2022 онд өөрийн анхны бүрэн хэмжээний "MyTone" цомгийг гаргаж, тайлан тоглолтоо зохион байгуулсан. Түүний дуулсан "Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана", "Талын Монголдоо", "Үүрд хамтдаа", "Хүслийн гурван од" зэрэг дуунууд олон нийтэд хүрсэн. == Шагнал, амжилт == * 2018 он — Монгол Улсын Ерөнхийлөгчийн ивээл дор зохион байгуулагдсан “Морин хуур” улсын уралдаанд Л.Балхжавын хөгжим, “Эрдэнэт Монголоо дуурсгана” дуугаар тусгай байр * 2024 он — ОХУ-ын Москва хотод болсон И.Дунаевскийн нэрэмжит олон улсын мэргэжлийн дуулаачдын тэмцээнд дэд байр, гутгаар байр, “Олон талт билиг авьяас” номинац<ref>{{Cite web |title=Эрдэнэт үйлдвэрийн ажилтан Б.Нямдэлгэр Олон улсын дуулаачдын уралдааны гурван төрөлд магнайдаж, “Шилдэг олон талт дуучин”-аар шалгарлаа |url=https://erdenettoday.mn/art/6426?fbclid=IwZnRzaASoDhpleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBzcnRjBmFwcF9pZAo2NjI4NTY4Mzc5AAEeEZnoXND_iup3GYNxICLKhgJb04w-AbSQhjQFm4flQG1R8_EOQw9HqZ9_5Pk_aem_FRDuGR48u-WXr6yeKbhQ3w}}</ref> * 2024 он — “Mongolian Songs” улсын уралдааны Гран-при шагнал * 2025 он — БНХАУ-ын ӨМӨЗО-ны хэвлэл мэдээллийн байгууллагын зохион байгуулсан “Торгон эгшиг” олон улсын хятад дууны уралдааны Гран-при * 2026 он — ОХУ-ын Бүгд Найрамдах Буриад Улсын Соёлын яам болон Чайковскийн нэрэмжит урлагийн их сургуулийн олон улсын фестивалийн тусгай байр == Цол, шагнал == * 2022 он — Монгол Улсын Соёлын тэргүүний ажилтан * 2022 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Тэргүүний залуу” шагнал * 2023 он — Монголын Залуучуудын Холбооны “Хөдөлмөрийн алдар” шагнал * 2025 он — Монголын Үндэсний Олимпын Хорооны Алтан медаль == Эх сурвалж == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Нямдэлгэр, Баасанбаатарын}} [[Ангилал:Монголын дуучин]] [[Ангилал:Эрдэнэтийн хүн]] [[Ангилал:1994 онд төрсөн]] l97kk5ul31swzgwf093urdzr2jv4pfs 0 146851 859986 2026-06-24T05:25:03Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 Хуудас үүсгэв: "'''Гүндийн Батаа''' (1909 он орчим өнөөгийн Хөвсгөл аймагт төрсөн -1974 онд нас барсан) ''-''[[Улаанбаатар]] хотын хөдөлмөрчдийн бага хурлын тэргүүлэгчдийн даргаар 1944-1956 онуудад ажилласан. * 1931 онд Улаанбаатар хотод соёлын довтолгооны багш бэлтгэх нэг жилийн курс,..." 859986 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Гүндийн Батаа''' (1909 он орчим өнөөгийн Хөвсгөл аймагт төрсөн -1974 онд нас барсан) ''-''[[Улаанбаатар]] хотын хөдөлмөрчдийн бага хурлын тэргүүлэгчдийн даргаар 1944-1956 онуудад ажилласан. * 1931 онд Улаанбаатар хотод соёлын довтолгооны багш бэлтгэх нэг жилийн курс, * 1935-1936 онд ЗХУ-д дотоод яамны нэг жилийн курс, * 1940-1944 онд ЗХУ-д Дорно дахины дээд сургууль, * 1956-1959 онд коммунист намын дээд сургуульд тус тус суралцан төгссөн. * 1932-1933 онд Хөвсгөл аймгийн Ар жаргалант суманд соёлын довтолгооны багш, * 1933-1940 онд Дотоодыг хамгаалах газар төлөөлөгч, тасгийн дарга. * 1944-1956 онд Улаанбаатар хотын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны дарга, * 1959-1963 онд Хөвсгөл аймгийн АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны дарга, * 1963-1968 онд БНМАУ-аас БНКуба У-д суух Онц бөгөөд Бүрэн эрхт элчин сайд, * 1966-1968 онд БНХАУ-д БНМАУ-ын Элчин сайдын яамны Элчин зөвлөх, * 1968-1969 онд БНМАУ-ын СнЗ-д зохион байгуулагч, * 1969-1974 онд Хөвсгөл аймгийн [[Бүрэнтогтох сум|Бүрэнтогтох суманд]] сум, нэгдлийн даргаар ажиллаж байгаад нас баржээ. Хотын захиргааны нэр 1948 онд: '''Улаанбаатар хотын хөдөлмөрчдийн бага хурал''' , 1953 онд: '''Улаанбаатар хотын хөдөлмөрчдийн ардын хурлын гүйцэтгэх захиргаа''' Нам улсад 40 гаруй жил үр бүтээлтэй ажиллаж, МАХН-ын 11, 12, 13, 14 дүгээр их хуралд төлөөлөгчөөр оролцож, Намын Төв Хорооны орлогч гишүүн, Улсын бага хурлын гишүүнээр мөн БНМАУ-ын Ардын Их Хурлын депутатаар дөрвөн удаа, аймаг хотын ардын хурлын депутатаар удаа дараа сонгогдож байжээ. Хотын захиргааны даргаар 12 жил ажиллахдаа улсынхаа нийслэлийг хөгжүүлэх, хүн амын үйлчилгээ соёлыг дээшлүүлэх талаар их зүйЛийг хийж бүтээсэн юм. 1950-иад онд хотыг барьж байгуулах, тохижуулах, хүн амын төрөл бүрийн үйлчилгээг өргөтгөх ажил хот даяар эрчимтэй өрнөж Улаанбаатар хотыг хөгжүүлэх анхны ерөнхий төлөвлөгөөг 1954 онд зохиожээ. Засгийн газрын ордны эхний ээлж, улсын Дуурь Бүжгийн Академик театрын барилга 1950-1951 онд ашиглалтад орж орон сууцны нэгдүгээр дөчин мянгатын хорооллын барилга, Гадаад яам, "'''Элдэв-Очир'''” кино театр, “Алтай” зочид буудал ('''одоогийн Нийслэлийн Засаг даргын Тамгын газар''') Сүхбаатарын талбай зэрэг төвийн гол барилга байгууламж хот тохижилтын ажил энэ хугацаанд ид хийгдэж байсан юм. Зөвхөн 1950 онд Намын Төв Хорооны арын гудамж талбай, Төв больниц, Холбооны яамны орчны гудамж, зам талбайн 40.0 мянган шоо метр газрыг тэгшилж явган хүний зам, 25.0 мянган шоо метр талбайг асфальталж 3000 мод шинээр тарьж, 700-аад модонд хайс хамгаалалт хийж 11 гудамжийг бүрэн тохижуулсан байна. Хотын үйлдвэрийн газрууд 1950 онд 107.4 сая төгрөгийн бүтээгдэхүүн үйлдвэрлэж, худалдааны газрууд 33 дэлгүүр, 40 мухлагаар 47.1 сая төгрөгийн өргөн хэрэгцээний бараа борлуулж байжээ. 1950 онд хотод 62.6 мянган хүн оршин сууж байсны дотор хотын харьяат хүн ам 55.5 мянга байжээ. Есөн бага сургууль, зургаан бүрэн, бүрэн бус дунд сургуульд 5.7 мянган сурагч, 23 цэцэрлэгт 1.2 мянган хүүхэд хүмүүжиж байв. Энэ үед хотын хүн амыг бичиг үсэгт сургах ажил бүх нийтийг хамарсан кампанит ажил болон явагдаж, 285 бүлгэмд 8.0 мянган хүнийг шинээр, 3.2 мянган хүнийг давтан сургажээ. 1950 онд хотод хүний их эмчийн салбар зургаа, больниц зургаа, эмчилгээний нийт ор 180 байснаас гадна гэртээ радиотой айл 4774, цахилгаан гэрэл тавьсан айл 13.0 мянга, хотын хүн тээвэрт шугамын автобус долоо, ачааны ба суудлын такси тус бүр гурав үйлчилж байсан нь тэр үедээ ахицтай үзүүлэлт байсан боловч нийслэлийн өнөөгийн байдалтай харьцуулахад өчүүхэн хэсгийг эзлэх бөгөөд энэ завсар нийслэл хотын байдал хүн амын үйлчилгээ, соёл боловсролын түвшин үлэмж хөгжиж өөрчлөгдсөнийг хүлээн зөвшөөрөхөөс өөр аргагүй үүрэг гүйцэтгэсэн хүн юм. 2gxeb8wywcd2e309iyq7cqjrt2w859a 0 146852 859988 2026-06-24T05:33:28Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 Хуудас үүсгэв: "'''Өлзийн Равдан''' (1900 он орчим төрсөн -1936) -1932 оны 7-р сарын 4-нд БНМАУ-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн нэгдүгээр тогтоолоор Улаанбаатар аймгийн даргаар томилогдож удалгүй өөр ажилд шилжин ажиллах болсон тул 1932 оны 8-р сарын 27-нд Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн 9-р тогтоолоор чө..." 859988 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Өлзийн Равдан''' (1900 он орчим төрсөн -1936) -1932 оны 7-р сарын 4-нд БНМАУ-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн нэгдүгээр тогтоолоор Улаанбаатар аймгийн даргаар томилогдож удалгүй өөр ажилд шилжин ажиллах болсон тул 1932 оны 8-р сарын 27-нд Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн 9-р тогтоолоор чөлөөлөгдсөн байна. Тэрбээр МАХН-ын VIII их хурлаар Төв хорооны гишүүнээр сонгогдож, БНМАУ-ын VI, VII их хуралд төлөөлөгчөөр оролцсоноос гадна Улсын бага хурлын гишүүнээр сонгогдож байжээ. Ө.Равдан ажиллах хугацаандаа ангийн буу, дурангаар шагнагдаж байснаас гадна “'''Алтан гадас'''”, “'''Аж үйлдвэрийн гавьяаны одон'''” -гоор тус тус шагнагдаж байсан байна. 1936 оны 9-р сард хилс хэрэгт баривчлагдаж хожим БНМАУ-ын АИХ-ын Тэргүүлэгчдийн дэргэдэх цагаатгалын комиссын 1962 оны хоёрдугаар сарын 13-ны өдрийн 30 дугаар тогтоолоор цагаатгагджээ. ffew977aaubi3txjrjcq85zk4yfm81e 859989 859988 2026-06-24T05:39:33Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 859989 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Өлзийн Равдан''' (1899 онд Түшээт хан аймаг, Мэргэн вангийн хошуу, одоогийн [[Дорноговь аймаг|Дорноговь аймгийн]] нутагт төрсөн -1936 онд нас барсан) -1932 оны 7-р сарын 4-нд БНМАУ-ын Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн нэгдүгээр тогтоолоор [[Улаанбаатар]] аймгийн даргаар томилогдож удалгүй өөр ажилд шилжин ажиллах болсон тул 1932 оны 8-р сарын 27-нд Сайд нарын Зөвлөлийн 9-р тогтоолоор чөлөөлөгдсөн байна. Тэрбээр МАХН-ын VIII их хурлаар Төв хорооны гишүүнээр сонгогдож, БНМАУ-ын VI, VII их хуралд төлөөлөгчөөр оролцсоноос гадна Улсын бага хурлын гишүүнээр сонгогдож байжээ. Ө.Равдан ажиллах хугацаандаа ангийн буу, дурангаар шагнагдаж байснаас гадна “'''Алтан гадас'''”, “'''Аж үйлдвэрийн гавьяаны одон'''” -гоор тус тус шагнагдаж байсан байна. 1936 оны 9-р сард хилс хэрэгт баривчлагдаж хожим БНМАУ-ын АИХ-ын Тэргүүлэгчдийн дэргэдэх цагаатгалын комиссын 1962 оны хоёрдугаар сарын 13-ны өдрийн 30 дугаар тогтоолоор цагаатгагджээ. f00li6xabupr4xv3pryvd77mi6kzdtx 0 146853 859990 2026-06-24T05:47:01Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 Хуудас үүсгэв: "'''Сүрэнжавын Балбар''' (1935 онд Түшээт хан аймгийн Хангай хайрхан уулын хошуу, одоогийн. [[Архангай аймаг|Архангай]] [[Архангай аймаг|аймагт]] төрсөн-1990 он орчим нас барсан) -[[Улаанбаатар]] хотын АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны даргаар 1972-1976 онд ажиллсан. == Намтар =..." 859990 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Сүрэнжавын Балбар''' (1935 онд Түшээт хан аймгийн Хангай хайрхан уулын хошуу, одоогийн. [[Архангай аймаг|Архангай]] [[Архангай аймаг|аймагт]] төрсөн-1990 он орчим нас барсан) -[[Улаанбаатар]] хотын АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны даргаар 1972-1976 онд ажиллсан. == Намтар == * 1962-1965 онд Улсын төлөвлөгөөний комиссын их барилгын хэлтсийн мэргэжилтэн, * 1965-1972 онд мөн газрын хэлтсийн дарга, Улсын төлөвлөгөөний комиссын орлогч дарга, * 1972 -1976 онд Улаанбаатар хотын АДХ- ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны дарга, * 1976-1978 онд шинээр байгуулагдах Атарын сангийн аж ахуйнуудыг зохион байгуулах Намын Төв Хороо, Засгийн газрын төлөөлөгч, * 1978-1984 онд Монгол-Зөвлөлтийн Засгийн газар хоорондын комиссын Монголын хэсгийн орлогч дарга, * 1984 -1987 онд Төв аймгийн Барилга конторт барилгын даамлаар томилогдон ажиллаж байгаад биеийн эрүүл мэндийн байдлын улмаас чөлөөлөгджээ. БНМАУ-ын АИХ-ын найм дахь удаагийн сонгуулиар АИХ-ын депутат, орон нутгийн АДХ-ын депутат, орон нутгийн АДХ-ын 9-10 дахь сонгуулиар Улаанбаатар хотын АДХ-ын депутатаар сонгогдож байжээ. 1972 онд Улаанбаатар хотыг хөгжүүлэх гурав дахь удаагийн ерөнхий төлөвлөгөөг боловсруулахад биечлэн оролцож, хэрэгжүүлэх ажлыг зохион байгуулж, 1972-1976 онд орон сууцны шинэ хороолол, соёл үйлчилгээний төв, кино театр, сургууль цэцэрлэг, ясли, гэрлэх ёслолын ордон, залуу техникчдийн ордон, хотын хойд тойргийн усан сан, дулааны цахилгаан станцын өргөтгөл барих, Толгойтын чиглэлийн засмал зам тавих, Энхтайваны гудамжны зарим нэгдүгээр давхрыг үйлчилгээний газар болгох, тохижуулах зэргээр хотын өнгө үзэмжийг дээшлүүлэх, үйлчилгээний чанар, хүртээмжийг сайжруулахад анхаарч ажиллажээ. 48frjem4oju7q2rlrqynoo1gza3oluf 0 146854 859991 2026-06-24T05:56:32Z Avirmed Batsaikhan 53733 Хуудас үүсгэв: "'''Догсомын Цэдэв''' (1919 онд Засагт хан аймаг Баатар вангийн хошуу одоогийн [[Говь-Алтай аймаг|Говь-Алтай аймгт]] төрсөн- 1999 он орчим нас барсан) [[Улаанбаатар]] хотын АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны даргаар 1965-1971 онд ажилласан хүн. == Намтар == * 1949-1953 онд Сангийн яам..." 859991 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Догсомын Цэдэв''' (1919 онд Засагт хан аймаг Баатар вангийн хошуу одоогийн [[Говь-Алтай аймаг|Говь-Алтай аймгт]] төрсөн- 1999 он орчим нас барсан) [[Улаанбаатар]] хотын АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны даргаар 1965-1971 онд ажилласан хүн. == Намтар == * 1949-1953 онд Сангийн яаманд байцаагч, зааварлагч, ахлах зааварлагч, * 1957-1959 онд Улаанбаатар хотын АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргаанд Санхүүгийн хэлтсийн дарга, * 1959-1962 онд хотын гүйцэтгэх захиргаанд төлөвлөгөөний комиссын дарга бөгөөд захиргааны нэгдүгээр орлогч дарга, * 1962-1965 онд Улаанбаатар хотын намын хороонд барилга, тохижилт үйлчилгээ эрхэлсэн нарийн бичгийн дарга, * 1965-1971 онд Улаанбаатар хотын АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны дарга, * 1971-1974 онд БНМАУ-аас БНБАУ-д Онц бөгөөд Бүрэн эрхт Элчин сайд, * 1974-1978 онд Монгол-Зөвлөлтийн хамтарсан "'''Монголсовцветмет'''” нэгдлийн ерөнхий захирлын нэгдүгээр орлогч, * 1978 - 1981 онд Хөнгөн хүнсний үйлдвэрүүдийн өргөтгөл, шинэтгэл эрхэлсэн МАХН - ын Төв Хороо, Засгийн газрын төлөөлөгч, * 1981- 1987 онд Сүхбаатарын районы АДХ-ын гүйцэтгэх захиргааны дарга, * 1988-1990 онд Улсын нэгдсэн тусгай II эмнэлгийн санхүү-аж ахуй эрхэлсэн орлогч даргаар тус тус ажиллаж байсан. Тэрбээр МАХН-ын XIV, XV, XVI, XVII, МҮЭ-ийн VIII, IX их хурлуудад оролцон, Намын ХҮ1, XVII их хурлаас Намын Төв Хорооны орлогч гишүүн, МҮЭ-ийн VIII, IX Их Хурлаас Төв Зөвлөлийн гишүүн, АИХ-ын VI, VII дахь удаагийн сонгуулиар АИХ-ын депутат, хот, районы Намын хорооны болон товчооны гишүүн, депутат, Гүйцэтгэх захиргааны гишүүнээр удаа дараа сонгогджээ. erh8287s736i20f2l6l8n1w3wmdjt44 0 146855 859995 2026-06-24T08:15:33Z ~2026-36667-17 105520 Хуудас үүсгэв: "{{Infobox website | name = Bonza Chat | url = {{URL|https://bonza.chat/}} | commercial = Тийм | type = Хиймэл оюун ухаант хамтрагч платформ | language = Англи | registration = Шаардлагатай | users = 15,000+ (өөрсдийн мэдээлснээр, 2025 он) | launched = 2025 он | current_status = Идэвхтэй }} '''Bo..." 859995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Bonza Chat | url = {{URL|https://bonza.chat/}} | commercial = Тийм | type = Хиймэл оюун ухаант хамтрагч платформ | language = Англи | registration = Шаардлагатай | users = 15,000+ (өөрсдийн мэдээлснээр, 2025 он) | launched = 2025 он | current_status = Идэвхтэй }} '''Bonza Chat''' ('''Bonza.Chat''' гэж загварчилсан) нь хэрэглэгчдэд бичвэрт суурилсан харилцан яриа болон хиймэл оюун ухаанаар үүсгэсэн зургаар дамжуулан өөрийн хүслээр өөрчлөх боломжтой хиймэл оюун ухаант (ХОУ) дүрүүдийг бүтээж, тэдгээртэй харилцах боломжийг олгодог хиймэл оюун ухаанд суурилсан хамтрагч платформ юм. Хөтөч дээр суурилсан дэвшилтэт вэб аппликейшн хэлбэрээр хүргэгддэг уг үйлчилгээ нь өсөн нэмэгдэж буй ХОУ-тай хамтрагч болон "ХОУ найз охин" аппликейшнүүдийн зах зээлд өөрийн байр сууриа эзэлдэг.<ref name="artiverse">[https://www.artiverse.ca/bonza-chatbot-review-key-features-pricing/ Bonza Chatbot Review: Key Features & Pricing] Artiverse.ca.</ref> == Тойм == Bonza Chat нь 2025 онд вэбэд суурилсан хиймэл оюун ухаант хамтрагчийн үйлчилгээ болон нээлтээ хийсэн.<ref name="soundation">[https://soundation.com/user/bonzachat Bonza Chat User Profile] Soundation.com.</ref> Тус платформ нь урьдчилан бүтээсэн ХОУ-ын дүрүүдийн сан болон хэрэглэгчдэд хамтрагчийнхаа гадаад төрх, зан чанар, сонирхол, харилцан ярианы хэв маягийг тодорхойлох боломжийг олгодог дүр бүтээх хэрэгслийг санал болгодог. Боломжит дүрслэлийн хэв маягт бодит, хагас бодит болон анимэ багтдаг.<ref name="eliteai">[https://eliteai.tools/tool/bonzachat Bonza Chat] EliteAI.tools.</ref><ref name="ieagreen">[https://ieagreen.org.uk/bonza-chat-chatbot/ Bonza Chat Chatbot] Ieagreen.org.uk.</ref> Bonza Chat нь сессүүдийн хооронд харилцан ярианы санах ойг хадгалж, дүрүүдэд өмнөх яриаг дурдах, хэрэглэгчийн харилцааны хэв маягт дасан зохицох боломжийг олгодог контекстийг мэдэрдэг том хэлний загварын аргачлалыг ашигладаг.<ref name="artiverse" /><ref name="ieagreen" /> Уг үйлчилгээ нь хэрэглэгчийн бүтээсэн дүрүүдийн зураг, тэр дундаа харилцан ярианы нэг хэсэг болгон тухайн орчин болон хүсэлтэд (prompt) тулгуурласан зургуудыг үүсгэдэг бичвэрээс-зурагт (text-to-image) шилжүүлэх загварыг нэгтгэсэн байдаг.<ref name="eliteai" /> Платформ нь "freemium" (үнэгүй суурьтай, нэмэлт төлбөртэй) загвараар ажилладаг. Үнэгүй эрхтэй хэрэглэгчид өдөр тутмын хязгаарлагдмал мессежийн эрх болон эхлэлийн багц кредитүүд авдаг бол төлбөртэй "Pro" захиалга нь хязгааргүй мессеж бичих, илүү хурдан хариу өгөх, өргөтгөсөн зураг үүсгэх болон нэмэлт контентын горимуудыг нээдэг.<ref name="soundation" /> 2026 оны байдлаар сурталчилж буй захиалгын багцууд сарын 3.99 ам.доллароос (арван хоёр сарын төлөвлөгөө) сарын 12.99 ам.доллар (сарын төлөвлөгөө) хооронд хэлбэлзэж байна.<ref name="ieagreen" /> == Мөн үзэх == * [[Хиймэл оюун ухаан]] * [[Чатбот]] == Эшлэл == {{Reflist}} c968nk2i5cvy41dqbxpemx189wc5dmd 0 146856 859999 2026-06-24T09:29:56Z Megzer 20491 Хуудас үүсгэв: "'''Гэгэ''' ([[Манж хэл|Манж]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᡤᡝᡤᡝ}}; [[Хятад хэл|хятад]]: 格格; [[пиньинь]]: ''Gégé''; Уэйд-Гилэсийн галиг: ''Ko²-ko²'') хэмээх үг нь [[Манжууд|Манж]] [[Чин улс|Чин гүрний]] хаад, ноёдын охидын хэрэглэж байсан манж үг. Нурхач баатар улсаа байгуулах үед гэг..." 859999 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Гэгэ''' ([[Манж хэл|Манж]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᡤᡝᡤᡝ}}; [[Хятад хэл|хятад]]: 格格; [[пиньинь]]: ''Gégé''; Уэйд-Гилэсийн галиг: ''Ko²-ko²'') хэмээх үг нь [[Манжууд|Манж]] [[Чин улс|Чин гүрний]] хаад, ноёдын охидын хэрэглэж байсан манж үг. Нурхач баатар улсаа байгуулах үед гэгэ гэдэг нь манжийн хаад язгууртаны гэрлэсэн, гэрлээгүй охид хүүхнүүдийг нийтэд нь нас харгалзахгүй заадаг үг байсан ч, хятадыг эзлэснээс хойш аажмаар хятад соёлын нөлөөгөөр гүнж, жүньжү гэх олон төрлийн цол өргөмжлөл хэрэглэх болсноор гэгэ гэх үг нь аажмаар мартагдаж зөвхөн хүнтэй гэрлээгүй охидод хамааралтай болж үлдсэн. Чин гүрний үед гэгэ үг нь манжийн язгууртан гаралтай ихэс ноёдын охид, ноёдын доод зиндааны цол зэрэг өргөмжлөгдөөгүй сул татвар эмс, зарим тохиолдолд нас өндөр эмэгтэйг хүндэтгэлийн байдлаар гэсэн гурван өөр байдлаар хэрэглэдэг байсан. Гэгэ нарыг хүнтэй гэрлэсний дараагаас эцэг, эхийн гарал угсаа, нөхрийн нийгэмд эзлэх байр сууриас шалтгаалж олон зэрэг дэвд ангилж, тэдэнд төрөөс өгдөг цалин хангамж нь өөр байсан. Жишээ нь: манжийн хааны удмын чин вангийн их хатан буюу хууль ёсны эхнэрээс төрсөн охиныг "хошой гэгэ", харин бага хатан, татвар эмээс төрсөн охиныг хоёр зэрэг доошлуулж "төрийн бэйлийн охин төрийн гэгэ" гэнэ. == Зэрэг дэв == * '''Гүрний [[гүнж]]''' ([[Манж хэл|манж]]:{{МонголЮникод|ᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᡳ<br>ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ}}, Gurun i gungzhu; [[Хятад хэл|хятад]]: 固倫公主, [[пиньинь]]: Gù lún gōngzhǔ): [[Хаан|Хааны]] их хатнаас (皇后) төрсөн охин. Зарим цөөн тохиолдолд хааны татвар эмээс төрсөн хайртай охид, хошой гүнжийн нөхөр нь гавьяа байгуулсан үед гүрний гүнж болгож өргөмжилдөг байсан. * '''Хошой гүнж''' ({{MongolUnicode|ᡥᠣᡧᠣᡳ<br>ᡤᡠᠩᠵᡠ}}, Hosoi gungzhu; 和硕公主, Heshuo gongzhu): Хааны бага хатан, татвар эмээс төрсөн охид эсвэл хааны өргөмөл охид. * '''Хошой гэг''' ({{MongolUnicode|ᡥᠣᡧᠣᡳ<br>ᡤᡝᡤᡝ}}, Hosoi gege; 郡主, jun zhu): [[Чин ван|Хошой чин вангийн]] их хатнаас төрсөн охин. * '''Төрийн гэг''' ({{MongolUnicode|ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ<br>ᡤᡝᡤᡝ}}, Doroi gege; 縣主, xian zhu): [[Жүн ван|Төрийн жүн ван]], шызигийн (世子, чин вангийн залгамжлагч) их хатнаас төрсөн охин * '''Төрийн бэйлийн охин төрийн гэг''' ({{MongolUnicode|ᠪᡝᡳᠯᡝ ᡳ ᠵᡠᡳ<br>ᡩᠣᡵᠣᡳ ᡤᡝᡤᡝ}}, Beile i jui doroi gege; 郡君, jun jun) товчилбол '''Бэйлийн гэгэ''': [[Бэйл|Төрийн бэйл]], чанзи (長子, жүн вангийн залгамжлагч) эсвэл Чин вангийн бага хатан, татвар эмээс төрсөн охид * '''Хошууны гэг''' ({{MongolUnicode|ᡤᡡᠰᠠᡳ<br>ᡤᡝᡤᡝ}}, Gusai gege; 縣君, xian jun): [[Бэйс|Хошууны бэйс]] эсвэл Жүн вангийн бага хатан, татвар эмээс төрсөн охид * '''Гүнгийн охин гэг''' ({{MongolUnicode|ᡤᡠᠩ ᠨᡳ<br>ᠵᡠᡳ ᡤᡝᡤᡝ}}, Gungni jui gege; 鄉君, xiāng jūn): [[Түшээ гүн]], [[Туслагч гүн]] эсвэл Бэйлийн бага хатан, татвар эмээс төрсөн охин * '''5-р зэргийн гэг''' (五品格格, wupin gege): [[Бэйс|Бэйсийн]] бага хатан, татвар эмээс төрсөн охид * '''6-р зэргийн гэг''' (六品格格, liupin gege): [[Гүн|Гүнгийн]] бага хатан, татвар эмээс төрсөн охид == Цалин хангамж == Чин гүрний хуулиар хааны гүнж, ноёдын гэгэ нарыг манж, монгол ноёдтой гэрлүүлдэг байсан учраас нийслэл хотод амьдрах үе, нөхрийн монгол нутагт амьдрах үеийн цалин бусад хангамж, хамжлага, хиа захирах эрхийг ялгаж өгч байсан. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" |+Гүнж, гэгүүдийн цалин, хангамж ! rowspan="2" |Цол ! colspan="2" |Нийслэл хотод байх үе ! colspan="2" |Монгол нутагт байх үе !Хиа захирах тоо |- |[[Чин Улсын Бүгд Хууль|Чин гүрний бүгд хууль]]: 79-р бүлэг |[[Гадаад Монголын Төрийг Засах Явдлын Яамны Хууль Зүйлийн Бичиг|ГМТЗЯЯ-ны хууль зүйлийн бичиг]]: 13-р бүлэг |Чин гүрний бүгд хууль: 79-р бүлэг |ГМТЗЯЯ-ны хууль зүйлийн бичиг: 13-р бүлэг |Чин гүрний бүгд хууль: 79-р бүлэг{{sfn|Дайчин гүрний бүгд хууль-79-р дэвтэр}} |- |Гүрний [[гүнж]] | colspan="2" |400 [[лан]] мөнгө, 200 таар будаа{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=252}} | colspan="2" |1000 лан мөнгө, торго 30{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=252}} |50 хиа |- |Хошой гүнж | colspan="2" |300 лан мөнгө, 150 таар будаа{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=253}} |200 лан, торго 12 |400 лан, торго 15{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=253}} |40 хиа |- |Хошой гэг |250 лан мөнгө, 125 таар будаа |160 лан, 80 таар будаа{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=253}} |150 лан, торго 10 |160 лан, торго 12{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=253}} |35 хиа |- |Төрийн гэгэ |220 лан мөнгө, 110 таар будаа |110 лан, 55 таар{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |100 лан, торго 8 |110 лан, торго 10{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |30 хиа |- |Төрийн бэйлийн гэг |190 лан мөнгө, 95 таар будаа |60 лан, 30 таар{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |50 лан, торго 6 |60 лан, торго 8{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |25 хиа |- |Хошууны гэг |160 лан мөнгө, 80 таар будаа |50 лан, 25 таар{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |40 лан, торго 5 |50 лан, торго 6{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |20 хиа |- |Гүнгийн гэг |130 лан мөнгө, 65 таар будаа |40 лан, 20 таар{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |30 лан, торго 4 |40 лан, торго 5{{sfn|ӨМСХХ|1989a|pp=254-256}} |10 хиа |} == Эшлэл == {{Reflist}} == Ном зүй == *{{Cite book |title=Гадаад Монголын Төрийг Засах Явдлын Яамны Хууль Зүйлийн Бичиг |publisher=Өвөр Монголын Соёлын хэвлэлийн хороо|ref={{harvid|ӨМСХХ|1989a}}|volume=1 |year=1989 |edition=1 |location=Хөх хот |language=Монгол бичиг}} *{{Cite book |title=Гадаад Монголын Төрийг Засах Явдлын Яамны Хууль Зүйлийн Бичиг |publisher=Өвөр Монголын Соёлын хэвлэлийн хороо|ref={{harvid|ӨМСХХ|1989b}}|volume=2 |year=1989b |edition=1 |location=Хөх хот |language=Монгол бичиг}} *{{Cite web |title=Зарлигаар тогтоосон Дай Чин гүрний бүгд хууль - 79-р дэвтэр |url=https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AE%9A%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%83%E5%85%B8/%E5%8D%B7%E4%B8%83%E5%8D%81%E4%B9%9D |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=zh.wikisource.org|ref={{harvid|Дайчин гүрний бүгд хууль-79-р дэвтэр}} |language=Хятад}} crzqpql0dj03kmgfvabd918ew269iyu 828 146857 860000 2026-06-24T09:30:38Z Enkhsaihan2005 64429 Хуудас үүсгэв: "return { name = 'Воеводина', top = 46.3, bottom = 44.5, left = 18.8, right = 21.6, image = 'Serbia Vojvodina location map.svg', image1 = 'Vojvodina location map.svg' }" 860000 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Воеводина', top = 46.3, bottom = 44.5, left = 18.8, right = 21.6, image = 'Serbia Vojvodina location map.svg', image1 = 'Vojvodina location map.svg' } o3oa2arzwwr5yqdt3lk7r3wt9eor8zu