ကရေင်သဂဝ် (ဂကူ)

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      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">ဓရီုကျာ</namespace>
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      <text bytes="14278" sha1="iv3qx38tlvlreiskewh4iyn8ueqsdyx" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox ethnic group
| group            = ကရေင်သဂဝ် &lt;br /&gt; S'gaw Karen &lt;br /&gt; စှီၤ / ကညီ
| image            = [[File:A Karen woman.jpg|200px]]
| image_caption    = သၟတ်ဗြဴ ကရေင်သဂဝ် မွဲတၠ နကဵု ကယျိုင် အခိုက်ကၞာ
| flag             = [[File:Flag of the Karen National Union.svg|150px]]
| flag_caption     = အလာံ ဂကူကရေင်
| poptime          = စၟတ်သမ္တီလဝ် အကြာ ၂.၆ ပြကောဋိ (၂,၆၀၀,၀၀၀)
| region1          = {{flag|Myanmar}}
| pop1             = ~ ၂,၀၀၀,၀၀၀
| region2          = {{flag|Thailand}}
| pop2             = ~ ၁,၃၅၀,၀၀၀
| region3          = {{flag|United States}} (Diaspora)
| pop3             = ~ ၇၀,၀၀၀
| region4          = 
| pop4             = 
| region5          = 
| pop5             = 
| rels             = {{hlist|[[ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ ထေရဝါဒ]]|[[ခရေတ်ယာန်]]|[[ပတှ်ေ ကလော်နတ်]]}}
| langs            = [[အရေဝ်ကရေင်သဂဝ်|ကရေင်သဂဝ်]]၊ [[ဘာသာဗၟာ|ဗၟာ]]၊ [[ဘာသာသေံ|သေံ]]
}}

[[File:MyanmarKayin.png|framed|right|တွဵုရးဍုင်ကရေင် အပ္ဍဲ သဟရးဗၟာ]]

'''ဂကူကရေင်သဂဝ်'''  ({{lang-my|စကောကရင်}}‚ {{lang-en|S'gaw Karen}}) (ကရေင်: စှီၤ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ပှၤကညီဖိ) မလေပ် ကော်စ '''ကရေင်ဗု'''&lt;ref name=&quot;scott&quot;/&gt; ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး '''ပကညဝ်''' (Pgaz K'Nyau)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www9.ocn.ne.jp/~aslan/pgazpape.pdf Land Use and Sustainability in the Highlands of Northern Thailand] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929062123/http://www9.ocn.ne.jp/~aslan/pgazpape.pdf |date=2011-09-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;{{better source|date=June 2016}} ဂှ် ဒှ် ဂကူကောန်ဍုင်အရင် အဓိက မွဲ မပဒတဴ ပ္ဍဲရးနိဂီုဗၟာ ကေုာံ ရးနိဂီုသေံ ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[http://chiangmai.prdnorth.in.th/detail_1476_eng.php Hilltribes in Thailand] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124957/http://chiangmai.prdnorth.in.th/detail_1476_eng.php |date=2015-04-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ဂကူကရေင်သဂဝ် တအ် ဂှ် ဒှ် မၞိဟ် မဟီုအရေဝ် ကရေင်သဂဝ် တုဲ၊ ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဂကောံ ဂကူကရေင် နာနာ တအ် ဂှ် ညးတအ် ဒှ် ဂကူ မၞုံ ကု လၟိဟ် မၞိဟ် ဂၠိုင် အိုတ် ရ။&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ksw Ethnologue - Karen, S’gaw]&lt;/ref&gt;

ကရေင်သဂဝ် ဂှ် လုပ်လၟိဟ် ပ္ဍဲ ဂကောံဂကူကရေင် ဂမၠိုင် မွဲ ရ။ ကိုပ်ကၠာ တေအ် ရန်တၟအ် ကဵု ဂွံ ကော် တၞဟ်ခြာ ကု ကရေင်ဍာဲ တုဲ ကရေင် ဏအ် ဂှ် ညးကော်စ &quot;ကရေင်ဗု&quot;၊ ဂကူပအိုအ် ဂှ် ညးကော်စ &quot;ကရေင်လစံက်&quot; ရ။ ဆဂး ဂကူပအိုအ် တအ် ဂှ် ဟွံဒးစိုတ် ကော် ညးတအ် ကရေင် တုဲ ညးတအ် တိတ် အာ နူကဵု ဂကောံဂကူကရေင် ရ။&lt;ref name=&quot;scott&quot;&gt;[[James George Scott|Sir George Scott]]. ''Among the Hill Tribes of Burma – An Ethnological Thicket.'' National Geographic Magazine, 1922, p. 293&lt;/ref&gt;

== ၁။ ဝေါဟာရ ကေုာံ အဓိပ္ပါယ် (Etymology) ==
ဝေါဟာရ မဟီုမ္ဂး &quot;ကရေင်သဂဝ်&quot; ဂှ် ဒှ် ယၟု မကော်စ နကဵု ဘာသာဗၟာ ကေုာံ သၟာသုတေသန ရးပလိုတ် တအ် ရ။ နကဵု အရေဝ် မိ ညးတအ် မ္ဂး ညးတအ် ကော်စ ဇကု ညးတအ် **&quot;ပကညဝ်&quot; (Pgaz K'Nyau)** မတွံဂး &quot;ကောန်မၞိဟ်&quot; ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး &quot;မၞိဟ် ဓမ္မတာ&quot; ရ။ ယၟု မဟီုမ္ဂး &quot;ကရေင်ဗု&quot; ဂှ် ကၠုင် နူကဵု အခိုက်အလိုက် သၟတ်ဗြဴ ကရေင်သဂဝ် တအ် မလေပ် ဗိုက်လတက် ကယျိုင် ခြည် ဂၠိင်င် အရံင် ဗုဗု (လဆောဝ် နှဴ ကု အရံင် ဗကေတ်) ကိုပ်ကၠာ ဟွံဂွံ သ္ပ ဒတန် အိန်ထံင် ရ။

== ၂။ ဒေသမပဒတဴ ကေုာံ လၟိဟ်မၞိဟ် (Geographic Distribution) ==
ဂကူသဂဝ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် ပဒတဴ ပ္ဍဲ ရးနိဂီုဗၟာ လပါ် ဗမံက် ကေုာံ သၠုင်ကျာ ပ္ဍဲ တွဵုရးဍုင်ကရေင်၊ တွဵုရးဍုင်မန် ကေုာံ တွဵုရးဍုင်ကရေင်ဍာဲ။ အတိုင် အလဵုအသဳ တွဵုရးဍုင်ကရေင် မဗမံက် ထ္ၜး လဝ် မ္ဂး ဂကူကရေင်သဂဝ် တအ် ဂှ် ပဒတဴ ဂၠိုင် ပ္ဍဲ ရးဨရာဝတဳ (ပ္ဍဲ ဒေသ ကြုင် တအ်)၊ ဒေသ ဒဵုသတိုင် (ပဲခူးရိုးမ) ကေုာံ ရးလ္ဂုင် ရ။&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.kayinstate.gov.mm/kayin/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8 |title=ကရင်တိုင်းရင်းသားလူမျိုးများ |last= |first= |date= |website=ပြည်ထောင်စုသမ္မတ မြန်မာနိုင်ငံတော် ကရင်ပြည်နယ် အစိုးရအဖွဲ့ |publisher=Open |access-date=5 September 2023 |quote=စကောကရင်မျိုးနွယ်စုသည် ဧရာဝတီ၊ စစ်တောင်းနှင့် ပဲခူးရိုးမ၊ ရန်ကုန်တိုင်းတို့တွင် အများအပြား နေထိုင်ကြသည်။ |accessdate=5 September 2023 |archivedate=12 November 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112001625/https://www.kayinstate.gov.mm/kayin/%E1%80%80%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ပါဲနူ ဍုင်ဗၟာ တုဲ၊ ပ္ဍဲကဵု ဍုင်သေံ လပါ် သၟဝ်ကျာ (ဥပမာ - ခရိုင် တာခ်၊ ချင်းမိုင်၊ မဲ့ဟံင်သောန် တအ်) မ္ဂး လၟိဟ် မၞိဟ် ဂကူကရေင် သဂဝ် နွံ စ ၜိုတ် ၄ ကိုဋ် (၄၀၀,၀၀၀) ပြင်င် ရ။ ပ္ဍဲ လက္ကရဴ ဏအ် ဟိုတ်နူ ပေါဲပၞာန် အပ္ဍဲ ဍုင် တုဲ ကရေင်သဂဝ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် ပြံင်ရွှေ့ အာ တန်တဴ ပ္ဍဲ ဍုင် ကၟိန်ဍုင်အမေရိကာန်၊ အဝ်သတြေလျာ ကေုာံ ကနေဒါ နဒဒှ် ကောန်ဍုင် ပလံင် (Diaspora/Refugees) ရ။

== ၃။ အရေဝ်ဘာသာ ကေုာံ လိက်ပတ် (Language and Script) ==
အရေဝ် ကရေင်သဂဝ် ဝွံ ဍေံ ပါလုပ် ပ္ဍဲ ဂကောံ အရေဝ် တိဗေတ်-ဗၟာ (Sino-Tibetan language family) ရ။ ဍေံ တၞဟ်ခြာ နူကဵု အရေဝ် ကရေင်ပိုး ဗွဲမဇၞော် တုဲ မၞိဟ် ဟီု အရေဝ် ၜါ ဏအ် ကၠိုဟ်ခၠင် ကေတ် ညးသကအ် ဝါတ်ဂါတ် ရ။
သွက် လိက်ပတ် ကရေင်သဂဝ် မ္ဂး ဍေံ နွံ ကု ဗီုပြင် အဓိက ၜါ သာ်-
* '''လိက် ကရေင်သဂဝ် ခရေတ်ယာန်:''' မဖန်ဗဒှ် လဝ် နကဵု လကျာ် သာသနာ အမေရိကာန် Jonathan Wade ပ္ဍဲ သၞာံ ၁၈၃၂ နကဵု ပွမစကာ အက္ခရ် ဗၟာ/မန် နဒဒှ် သဇိုင်။
* '''လိက် ကရေင်သဂဝ် ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ:''' မဖန်ဗဒှ် လဝ် နကဵု ကျာ်ဇၞော် အ္စာ မၞုံ ကု လညာတ် လပါ် ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ သွက်ဂွံ စကာ ပ္ဍဲကဵု ပရေင် သာသနာ။ လိက် ဏအ် လေဝ် ဒက်ပ္တန် လဝ် လတူ အက္ခရ် ဗၟာ/မန် ကီု ရ။

== ၄။ ယေန်သၞာင် ကေုာံ အခိုက်ကၞာ (Culture and Traditions) ==
ဂကူကရေင်သဂဝ် တအ် ဂှ် မြဟ်တမ္ညဝ် လပါ် ပရေင် တုတ် လိက် ကေုာံ ပရေင် ကၠောန် ကမၠောန် ဗ္ၚ ကေုာံ ကမၠောန် ဂူ (Rotational farming / Taungya) ရ။
* '''ကယျိုင်ကယဝ်:''' ကယျိုင် ညးတအ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် မလေပ် စကာ အရံင် ဗကေတ်၊ လမ္စံက် ကေုာံ ဗု။ သၟတ်ဗြဴ တအ် မလေပ် ဗိုက် ကယျိုင် ခြည် ဂၠိင် ဗုဗု တုဲ၊ မၞိဟ်ဗြဴ မအိန်ထံင် တုဲ တအ် မ္ဂး ဗိုက် ဂၠိက် လစံက် ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ဗကေတ် မၞုံ ကု ပရေင် ဇိင် ဇာ တၟေင်င် ရ။
* '''သဘင် ဒက်တဲ (Wrist-tying Ceremony):''' ပ္ဍဲ ဂိသ် ဝှ် (အဝ်ဂေတ်/သေပ်တေမ်ဗါ) မ္ဂး ဂကူကရေင် တအ် ကၠောန် သဘင် ချည်ဖြူဖွဲ့မင်္ဂလာ ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး သဘင် ဒက်တဲ ဇုက် ခြည် ဗု ညံင် လမျီု ကေုာံ စိုတ်ဓါတ် ဂွံ တန်တဴ ညဳသၟဟ် ကေုာံ ဂွံ ကလိဂွံ ပရေင် ထတ်ယုက် ခိုဟ် ရ။ ဏအ် ဂှ် ဒှ် သင်္ကေတ ပရေင် ညဳသၟဟ် ဂကူ ညးတအ် မွဲ ရ။

== ၅။ ပရေင်ပတှ်ေ ကေုာံ ဘာသာ (Religion and Beliefs) ==
နူ တမ် ဝါဒိ တေအ် ဂကူကရေင်သဂဝ် တအ် ဒ္ဂေတ် ဗက် ပရေင် ပတှ်ေ ကလော်နတ် (Animism) တုဲ ပတှ်ေ ကေတ် လတူ နတ် မိမ ကေုာံ နတ် သဘာဝ တအ် ရ။ 
ဆဂး ပ္ဍဲ ခေတ် လၟုဟ် မ္ဂး ဂကူကရေင်သဂဝ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် (အကြာ ၆၀-၇၀%) ပြံင်လှာဲ လျိုင်ပတှ်ေ အာ လပါ် **ဘာသာ ခရေတ်ယာန် (Christianity)** ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် ဟိုတ်နူကဵု ပရေင် ပတန် သာသနာ နူ ခေတ် ကိုဝ်လဝ်နဳ (ဗွဲတၟေင် သၟဝ် ဂကောံ Baptist) ရ။ လၟိဟ် မသှ်ေ တအ် ဂှ် ရှ်ေသှ်ေ **ဗုဒ္ဓဘာသာ ထေရဝါဒ (Theravada Buddhism)** ကေုာံ ပရေင် ပတှ်ေ ကလော်နတ် တြေံတြဟ် တအ် ရ။

== ၆။ ဝင် ကေုာံ ပရေင်ဍုင်ကွာန် (History and Politics) ==
ပ္ဍဲ ခေတ် အုပ်ဓုပ် ကိုဝ်လဝ်နဳ အင်္ဂလိက် မ္ဂး၊ ဂကူကရေင်သဂဝ် ဗွဲမဂၠိုင် လုပ် ယိုက်ဂၠေင် တာလျိုင် ပ္ဍဲ ဒပ်ပၞာန် အင်္ဂလိက် ကေုာံ ပရေင် အုပ်ဓုပ် ဍုင် ရ။ ကြဴနူ ရးနိဂီုဗၟာ ကလိဂွံ ဍုင် သၠးပွး ပ္ဍဲ သၞာံ ၁၉၄၈ တုဲ၊ ဟိုတ်နူ ပရေင် ဟွံပေင်စိုတ် လတူ ပရေင် အုပ်ဓုပ် အလဵုအသဳ ဖဆပလ (AFPFL) ကေုာံ သွက်ဂွံ ကလိဂွံ တွဵုရး အခေါင်အုပ်ဓုပ်အပိုင် ဗၠးၜး ဇကု တုဲ၊ ညးတအ် ဒက်ပ္တန် လဝ် **ဂကောံ ကရေင် ကောန်ဂကူ ညဳသၟဟ် (Karen National Union - KNU)** ပ္ဍဲ သၞာံ ၁၉၄၉ တုဲ စ ဆက် ကၠောန် ကၠုင် ပေါဲပၞာန် တဝ်စၞေဟ် စဵုကဵု တ္ၚဲ ဏအ် ရ။

== နိဿဲ ==
{{Reflist}}
{{ကောန်ဂကူ ရးနိဂီုဗၟာ}}
[[ကဏ္ဍ:ကောန်ဂကူ ပ္ဍဲ ရးနိဂီုဗၟာ]]
[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဂကူကရေင်]]</text>
      <sha1>iv3qx38tlvlreiskewh4iyn8ueqsdyx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ညးလွပ်:PK2/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>7051</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55206</id>
      <parentid>47464</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T01:41:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>PK2</username>
        <id>1474</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>add sandbox pages for new Wikipedia editions</comment>
      <origin>55206</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38826" sha1="lqv4jf4ytbpqgk0b4c59pskg40l4i1p" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Pages I have in my sandbox
|-
| &amp;nbsp;
|}

;&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; font-size:85%&quot;&gt;My sandbox pages in different languages by language code&lt;/div&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ A
|-
| [[:ab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ab&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ace:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Acehnese language|Acehnese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ace&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ady:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Adyghe language|Adyghe]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ady&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:af:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Afrikaans|Afrikaans]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;af&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:als:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Alemannic German|Alemannic German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;als&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:alt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Altai language|Southern Altai]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;alt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:am:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amharic|Amharic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;am&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ami:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Amis language|Amis]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ami&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:an:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aragonese language|Aragonese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;an&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ang:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old English|Old English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ang&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:ann:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Obolo language|Obolo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ann&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:anp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Angika|Angika]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;anp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ar:User:PK2/ملعب|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Arabic|Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ar&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:arc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aramaic|Aramaic]] ([[:en:Syriac language|Syriac]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;arc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ary:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moroccan Arabic|Moroccan Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ary&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:arz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Egyptian Arabic|Egyptian Arabic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;arz&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:as:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Assamese language|Assamese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;as&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ast:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Asturleonese language|Asturleonese]] ([[:en:Asturian language|Asturian]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ast&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:atj:User:PK2/Kokwetcitasinahikan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atikamekw language|Atikamekw]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;atj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:av:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Avar language|Avar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;av&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:avk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kotava|Kotava]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;avk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:awa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Awadhi language|Awadhi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;awa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aymara language|Aymara]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ay&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:az:User:PK2/Qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;az&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:azb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Azerbaijani language#South Azerbaijani|South Azerbaijani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;azb&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ B
|-
| [[:ba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bashkir language|Bashkir]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ba&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ban:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Balinese language|Balinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ban&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bar:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bavarian language|Bavarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bar&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bat-smg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samogitian language|Samogitian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bat-smg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bbc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toba Batak language|Toba Batak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bbc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bcl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Bikol|Central Bikol]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bcl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bdr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sama–Bajaw languages|West Coast Bajau]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bdr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:be:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;be&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:be-tarask:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Belarusian language|Belarusian]] ([[:en:Taraškievica|Taraškievica]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;be-tarask&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bew:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Betawi language|Betawi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bew&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:bg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bihari languages|Bihari]] ([[:en:Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bislama|Bislama]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bjn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Banjarese language|Banjarese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bjn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:blk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pa'O language|Pa'O]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;blk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bambara language|Bambara]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bn:User:PK2/খেলাঘর|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bengali language|Bengali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Tibetan|Central Tibetan]] ([[:en:Lhasa Tibetan|Lhasa Tibetan]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bpy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bishnupriya Manipuri|Bishnupriya Manipuri]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bpy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:br:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Breton language|Breton]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;br&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:bs:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Bosnian language|Bosnian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bs&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:btm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mandailing Batak language|Mandailing Batak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;btm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buginese language|Buginese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bug&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:bxr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Buryat language|Buryat]] (Russia Buriat)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;bxr&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ C
|-
| [[:ca:User:PK2/proves|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Catalan language|Catalan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ca&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cbk-zam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chavacano|Chavacano]] (Zamboanga)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cbk-zam&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cdo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Eastern Min|Eastern Min]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cdo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ce:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chechen language|Chechen]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ce&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ceb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cebuano language|Cebuano]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ceb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ch:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chamorro language|Chamorro]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ch&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:chr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cherokee language|Cherokee]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;chr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:chy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cheyenne language|Cheyenne]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;chy&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:ckb:User:PK2/خۆڵەپەتانێ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Sorani|Sorani]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ckb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:co:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Corsican language|Corsican]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;co&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:crh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Crimean Tatar language|Crimean Tatar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;crh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cs:User:PK2/Pískoviště|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Czech language|Czech]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cs&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:csb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashubian language|Kashubian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;csb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Old Church Slavonic|Old Church Slavonic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chuvash language|Chuvash]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:cy:User:PK2/Pwll Tywod|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Welsh language|Welsh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;cy&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ D
|-
| [[:da:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Danish language|Danish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;da&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagbani language|Dagbani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dag&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:de:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:German language|German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;de&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dga:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dagaare language|Dagaare]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dga&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:din:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dinka language|Dinka]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;din&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:diq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zaza language|Zaza]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;diq&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dsb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dtp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dusun language|Dusun]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dtp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dty:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Doteli|Doteli]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dty&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maldivian language|Maldivian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:dz:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dzongkha|Dzongkha]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;dz&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ E
|-
| [[:ee:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ewe language|Ewe]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ee&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:el:User:PK2/πρόχειρο|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Greek language|Greek]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;el&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:eml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Emilian–Romagnol|Emilian–Romagnol]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;eml&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:en:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:English language|English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;en&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:eo:User:PK2/provejo|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Esperanto|Esperanto]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;eo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:es:User:PK2/Taller|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Spanish language|Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;es&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:et:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Estonian language|Estonian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;et&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:eu:User:PK2/Proba orria|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basque language|Basque]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;eu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ext:User:PK2/obraol|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Extremaduran language|Extremaduran]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ext&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ F
|-
| [[:fa:User:PK2/صفحه تمرین|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Persian language|Persian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] ([[:en:Fante dialect|Fante]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fat&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ff:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fula language|Fula]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ff&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Finnish language|Finnish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fiu-vro:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Võro language|Võro]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fiu-vro&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fijian language|Fijian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Faroese language|Faroese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fon:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fon language|Fon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fon&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fr:User:PK2/Brouillon|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French language|French]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:frp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Franco-Provençal|Franco-Provençal]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;frp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:frr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:North Frisian language|North Frisian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;frr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Friulian language|Friulian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fur&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:fy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Frisian language|West Frisian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;fy&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ G
|-
| [[:ga:User:PK2/Clár Dubh|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Irish language|Irish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ga&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gagauz language|Gagauz]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gag&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gan Chinese|Gan Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gan&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gcr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:French Guianese Creole|French Guianese Creole]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gcr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scottish Gaelic|Scottish Gaelic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Galician language|Galician]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:glk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gilaki language|Gilaki]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;glk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Guarani language|Guarani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gom:User:PK2/proiogpan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Konkani language|Konkani]] (Goan Konkani)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gom&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:gor:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gorontalo language|Gorontalo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gor&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:got:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gothic language|Gothic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;got&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gpe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ghanaian Pidgin English|Ghanaian Pidgin English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gpe&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gujarati language|Gujarati]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:guc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wayuu language|Wayuu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;guc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gur:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Farefare language|Farefare]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gur&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:guw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Gun language|Gun]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;guw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:gv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Manx language|Manx]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;gv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ H
|-
| [[:ha:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hausa language|Hausa]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ha&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hak:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hakka Chinese|Hakka Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hak&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:haw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;haw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:he:User:PK2/טיוטה|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hebrew language|Hebrew]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;he&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hi:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hindi|Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hif:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Fiji Hindi|Fiji Hindi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hif&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Croatian language|Croatian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hsb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hsb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ht:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Haitian Creole|Haitian Creole]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ht&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hu:User:PK2/próbalap|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hungarian language|Hungarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hu&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hy:User:PK2/Ավազարկղ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Armenian language|Armenian]] ([[:en:Eastern Armenian|Eastern Armenian]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:hyw:User:PK2/Սեւագրութիւն|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Western Armenian|Western Armenian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;hyw&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ I
|-
| [[:ia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingua|Interlingua]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ia&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:iba:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iban language|Iban]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;iba&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:id:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Indonesian language|Indonesian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;id&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ie:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Interlingue|Interlingue]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ie&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igbo language|Igbo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ig&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:igl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Igala language|Igala]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;igl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ik:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ik&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ilo:User:PK2/pagipadasan|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ilocano language|Ilocano]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ilo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:inh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ingush language|Ingush]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;inh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:io:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ido|Ido]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;io&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:is:User:PK2/sandkassi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Icelandic language|Icelandic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;is&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:it:User:PK2/Sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Italian language|Italian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;it&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:iu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inuktitut|Inuktitut]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;iu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ J
|-
| [[:ja:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Japanese language|Japanese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ja&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:jam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jamaican Patois|Jamaican Patois]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;jam&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:jbo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lojban|Lojban]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;jbo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:jv:User:PK2/bak wedhi|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;jv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ K
|-
| [[:ka:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Georgian language|Georgian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ka&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kaa:User:PK2/qaralama|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karakalpak language|Karakalpak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kaa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kab:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabyle language|Kabyle]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kab&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kai:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karai-karai|Karai-karai]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kai&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kaj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Jju language|Jju]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kaj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kbd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabardian language|Kabardian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kbd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kbp:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kabiye language|Kabiye]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kbp&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kcg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tyap|Tyap]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kcg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kongo language|Kongo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kge:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komering language|Komering]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kge&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kikuyu language|Kikuyu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ki&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kk:User:PK2/зертхана|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kazakh language|Kazakh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:km:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Khmer language|Khmer]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;km&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:kn:User:PK2/ಪ್ರಯೋಗಪುಟ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kannada|Kannada]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:knc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Central Kanuri|Central Kanuri]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;knc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ko:User:PK2/연습장|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Korean language|Korean]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ko&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:koi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;koi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:krc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Karachay-Balkar|Karachay-Balkar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;krc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ks:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ks&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ksh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ripuarian language|Ripuarian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ksh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ku:User:PK2/ceribandin|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kurdish language|Kurdish]] ([[:en:Kurmanji|Kurmanji]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ku&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kus:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kusaal language|Kusaal]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kus&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Komi language|Komi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:kw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cornish language|Cornish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;kw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ky:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kyrgyz language|Kyrgyz]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ky&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ L
|-
| [[:la:User:PK2/Harenarium|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latin|Latin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;la&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lad:User:PK2/Kutí de prova|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Judaeo-Spanish|Judaeo-Spanish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lad&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luxembourgish|Luxembourgish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lbe:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lak language|Lak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lbe&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lez:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lezgian language|Lezgian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lez&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lfn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingua Franca Nova|Lingua Franca Nova]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lfn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Luganda|Luganda]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:li:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Limburgish|Limburgish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;li&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:lij:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ligurian language|Ligurian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lij&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lld:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ladin language|Ladin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lld&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lmo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lombard language|Lombard]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lmo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ln:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lingala|Lingala]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ln&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lao language|Lao]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lt:User:PK2/juodraštis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ltg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latgalian language|Latgalian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ltg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:lv:User:PK2/Smilšu kaste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Latvian language|Latvian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;lv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ M
|-
| [[:mad:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Madurese language|Madurese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mad&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mai:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maithili language|Maithili]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mai&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:map-bms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Javanese language|Javanese]] ([[:en:Banyumasan dialect|Banyumasan]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;map-bms&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mdf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Moksha language|Moksha]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mdf&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malagasy language|Malagasy]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mhr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meadow Mari language|Meadow Mari]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mhr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Māori language|Māori]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:min:User:PK2/bak kasiak|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Minangkabau language|Minangkabau]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;min&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Macedonian language|Macedonian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ml:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malayalam|Malayalam]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ml&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mongolian language|Mongolian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mn&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:mni:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Meitei language|Meitei]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mni&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mnw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mon language|Mon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mnw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:m:mos:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mooré|Mooré]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Marathi language|Marathi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mrj:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Hill Mari language|Hill Mari]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mrj&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ms:User:PK2/Kotak pasir|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Malay language|Malay]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ms&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Maltese language|Maltese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mwl:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mirandese language|Mirandese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mwl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:my:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Burmese language|Burmese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;my&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:myv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Erzya language|Erzya]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;myv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:mzn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mazanderani language|Mazanderani]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;mzn&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ N
|-
| [[:nah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nahuatl|Nahuatl]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nah&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nap&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nds:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Low German|Low German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nds&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nds-nl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch Low Saxon|Dutch Low Saxon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nds-nl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ne:User:PK2/प्रयोगस्थल|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nepali language|Nepali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ne&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:new:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Newar language|Newar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;new&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nia:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nias language|Nias]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nia&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nl:User:PK2/Kladblok|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Dutch language|Dutch]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nn:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Nynorsk|Nynorsk]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nn&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:no:User:PK2/sandkasse|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norwegian language|Norwegian]] ([[:en:Bokmål|Bokmål]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;no&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nov:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Novial|Novial]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nov&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nqo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:N'Ko language|N'Ko]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nqo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Ndebele language|Southern Ndebele]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nrm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Norman language|Norman]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nrm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nso:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sotho|Northern Sotho]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nso&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nupe language|Nupe]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nup&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:nv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Navajo language|Navajo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;nv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ny:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chewa language|Chewa]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ny&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ O
|-
| [[:oc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Occitan language|Occitan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;oc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:olo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Livvi-Karelian language|Livvi-Karelian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;olo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:om:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oromo language|Oromo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;om&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:or:User:PK2/ପରଖଘର|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Odia language|Odia]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;or&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:os:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ossetian language|Ossetian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;os&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ P
|-
| [[:pa:User:PK2/ਕੱਚਾ ਖ਼ਾਕਾ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pag:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pag&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pam:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pam&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pap:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Papiamento|Papiamento]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pap&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pcd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Picard language|Picard]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pcd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pcm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nigerian Pidgin|Nigerian Pidgin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pcm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pdc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pennsylvania Dutch language|Pennsylvania Dutch]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pdc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pfl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Palatine German dialects|Palatine German]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pfl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pali|Pali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pi&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:pl:User:PK2/brudnopis|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Polish language|Polish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pms:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pms&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pnb:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (Western Punjabi)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pnb&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pnt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pontic Greek|Pontic Greek]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pnt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ppl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Nawat language|Nawat]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ppl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ps:User:PK2/ازمون‌مخ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pashto|Pashto]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ps&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pt:User:PK2/Testes|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:pwn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Paiwan language|Paiwan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;pwn&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Q
|-
| [[:qu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Quechuan languages|Quechua]] ([[:en:Southern Quechua|Southern Quechua]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;qu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ R
|-
| [[:rki:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rakhine language|Rakhine]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rki&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romansh language|Romansh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rmy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romani language|Romani]] ([[:en:Vlax Romani language|Vlax Romani]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rmy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kirundi|Kirundi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ro:User:PK2/teste|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Romanian language|Romanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ro&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:roa-rup:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Aromanian language|Aromanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;roa-rup&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:roa-tara:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] ([[:en:Tarantino dialect|Tarantino]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;roa-tara&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rsk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Pannonian Rusyn|Pannonian Rusyn]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rsk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ru:User:PK2/Черновик|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Russian language|Russian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ru&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Rusyn language|Rusyn]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rue&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:rw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Kinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;rw&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ S
|-
| [[:sa:User:PK2/प्रयोगपृष्ठम्|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sanskrit|Sanskrit]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sah:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yakut language|Yakut]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sah&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sat:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Santali language|Santali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sat&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sc:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sardinian language|Sardinian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sc&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:scn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sicilian language|Sicilian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;scn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sco:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Scots language|Scots]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sco&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sd:User:PK2/مشق پٽي|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sindhi language|Sindhi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:se:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Northern Sámi|Northern Sámi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;se&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sg:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sango language|Sango]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sh:User:PK2/igralište|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbo-Croatian|Serbo-Croatian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:shi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shilha language|Shilha]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;shi&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:shn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shan language|Shan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;shn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:si:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sinhala language|Sinhala]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;si&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:simple:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Basic English|Basic English]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;simple&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sk:User:PK2/pieskovisko|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovak language|Slovak]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:skr:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saraiki language|Saraiki]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;skr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Slovene language|Slovene]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Samoan language|Samoan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:smn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Inari Sámi language|Inari Sámi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;smn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Shona language|Shona]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:so:User:PK2/Bacaadka|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Somali language|Somali]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;so&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Albanian language|Albanian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sq&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:sr:User:PK2/песак|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Serbian language|Serbian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:srn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sranan Tongo|Sranan Tongo]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;srn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ss:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swazi language|Swazi]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ss&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:st:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sotho language|Sotho]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;st&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:stq:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Saterland Frisian language|Saterland Frisian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;stq&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:su:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sundanese language|Sundanese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;su&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sv:User:PK2/sandlåda|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swedish language|Swedish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:sw:User:PK2/ukurasa wa majaribio|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Swahili language|Swahili]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;sw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:syl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sylheti language|Sylheti]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;syl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:szl:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Silesian language|Silesian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;szl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:szy:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Sakizaya language|Sakizaya]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;szy&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ T
|-
| [[:ta:User:PK2/மணல்தொட்டி|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tamil language|Tamil]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ta&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tay:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Atayal language|Atayal]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tay&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tcy:User:PK2/ಕಲ್ಪುನ ಕಳ|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tulu language|Tulu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tcy&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tdd:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tai Nuea language|Tai Nuea]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tdd&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:te:User:PK2/ప్రయోగశాల|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Telugu language|Telugu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;te&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tet:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tetum language|Tetum]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tet&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tg:User:PK2/Сиёҳнавис|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tajik language|Tajik]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tg&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:th:User:PK2/ทดลองเขียน|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Thai language|Thai]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;th&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ti:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ti&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tig:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tigre language|Tigre]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tig&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tk:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkmen language|Turkmen]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tl:User:PK2/burador|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tagalog language|Tagalog]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tl&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tly:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Talysh language|Talysh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tly&lt;/code&gt;)
|-
| [[:tn:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tswana language|Tswana]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tn&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:to:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tongan language|Tongan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;to&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tok:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Toki Pona|Toki Pona]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tok&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tpi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tok Pisin|Tok Pisin]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tpi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tr:User:PK2/deneme tahtası|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Turkish language|Turkish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tr&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:trv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Seediq language|Seediq]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;trv&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ts:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tsonga language|Tsonga]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ts&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tt:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tatar language|Tatar]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tt&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tum:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tumbuka language|Tumbuka]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tum&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tw:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Akan language|Akan]] (Twi)&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tw&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ty:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tahitian language|Tahitian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ty&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:tyv:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Tuvan language|Tuvan]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;tyv&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ U
|-
| [[:udm:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Udmurt language|Udmurt]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;udm&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ug:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uyghur language|Uyghur]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ug&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:uk:User:PK2/Чернетка|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;uk&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:ur:User:PK2/تختۂ مشق|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Urdu|Urdu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ur&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:uz:User:PK2/qumloq|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Uzbek language|Uzbek]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;uz&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ V
|-
| [[:ve:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venda language|Venda]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;ve&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vec:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Venetian language|Venetian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vec&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vep:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Veps language|Veps]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vep&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vi:User:PK2/nháp|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vls:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:West Flemish|West Flemish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vls&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:vo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Volapük|Volapük]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;vo&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ W
|-
| [[:wa:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Walloon language|Walloon]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;wa&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:war:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Waray language|Waray]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;war&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:wo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wolof language|Wolof]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;wo&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:wuu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Wu Chinese|Wu Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;wuu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ X
|-
| [[:xal:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Oirat language|Oirat]] ([[:en:Kalmyk Oirat|Kalmyk Oirat]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;xal&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:xh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Xhosa language|Xhosa]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;xh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:xmf:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;xmf&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Y
|-
| [[:yi:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yiddish|Yiddish]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;yi&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:yo:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Yoruba language|Yoruba]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;yo&lt;/code&gt;)
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-size:85%&quot;
|+ Z
|-
| [[:za:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zhuang languages|Zhuang]] ([[:en:Standard Zhuang|Standard Zhuang]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;za&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zea:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zeelandic|Zeelandic]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zea&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zgh:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Standard Moroccan Amazigh|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zgh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh:User:PK2/沙盒|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[:en:Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin Chinese]])&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh-classical:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Classical Chinese|Classical Chinese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh-classical&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh-min-nan:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Southern Min|Southern Min]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh-min-nan&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zh-yue:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Cantonese|Cantonese]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zh-yue&lt;/code&gt;)
| [[:zu:User:PK2/sandbox|/sandbox]] in [[:en:Zulu language|Zulu]]&lt;br /&gt;(code: &lt;code&gt;zu&lt;/code&gt;)
|}</text>
      <sha1>lqv4jf4ytbpqgk0b4c59pskg40l4i1p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ပါင်မုက်:သိပ္ပံပညာ</title>
    <ns>100</ns>
    <id>10253</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55203</id>
      <parentid>53209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T01:01:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>28</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Atom.svg with [[File:Helium_atom_(not_to_scale).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name) · Naming according meaning.).</comment>
      <origin>55203</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9438" sha1="mv28xvd9x4wu038wah3ml7i4g8gwoh4" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
__NOEDITSECTION__
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1.5em; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ebf5fb, #a9cce3); padding: 40px 20px; border-radius: 12px; border: 2px solid #2980b9; box-shadow: 0 6px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); position: relative; overflow: hidden;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; top: -30px; left: -20px; opacity: 0.1;&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola apps edu science.svg|200px]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; bottom: -30px; right: -20px; opacity: 0.1;&quot;&gt;[[File:Helium atom (not to scale).svg|200px]]&lt;/div&gt;
[[File:Nuvola apps edu science.svg|80px|alt=သိပ္ပံပညာ]]&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;h1 style=&quot;border: none; font-size: 300%; font-weight: 900; color: #154360; text-shadow: 1px 1px 3px rgba(255,255,255,0.8); letter-spacing: 1px; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;ပါင်မုက် သိပ္ပံပညာ&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p style=&quot;font-size: 140%; font-weight: bold; color: #21618c; margin-top: 0;&quot;&gt;Portal: Science&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 15px; font-size: 120%; color: #1a5276; padding: 0 10%; line-height: 1.6; font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;
&quot;သိပ္ပံပညာ ဂှ် ဒှ်နဲကဲ ကသပ်လညာတ်မွဲရ၊ ဍေံဇၞော်လောန် နူကဵု ဒဒှ်ဆ ဗဟုသုတ သၟးရ။&quot;&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;— ကာလ် သေဂါန် (Carl Sagan)&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{| style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; border-spacing: 15px 0; margin-bottom:1em;&quot;
|-
| style=&quot;width:60%; vertical-align:top;&quot; |

&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #5dade2; border-radius:10px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06); transition: 0.3s;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background:#2980b9; border-bottom:1px solid #1f618d; padding:15px; font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; border-radius:9px 9px 0 0; color:#ffffff; margin:0;&quot;&gt;[[File:P_science.svg|25px|link=]] သိပ္ပံပညာ ဟီုမ္ဂးဂှ် မုရော? (What is Science?)&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:20px; font-size:110%; line-height:1.8;&quot;&gt;
[[File:DNA orbit animated.gif|left|80px|alt=DNA]]
'''သိပ္ပံပညာ''' ({{lang-en|Science}}) ဝွံ ဒှ်လၟေင်ကမၠောန် မလ္ၚတ်သ္ၚဳဂၠိပ် သဘာဝလောက၊ စကြဝဠာ ကေုာံ အရာဝတ္ထုဂမၠိုင် နကဵု နဲကဲစမ်ၜတ်၊ ပွမကျောဝ်ရံင် ကေုာံ ပွမထောက်ဂလာန် ကုတင်ဂၞင် သက်သဳဂမၠိုင်ရ။ သိပ္ပံပညာဂှ် ဒှ်သဇိုင် အဓိက သွက်ပရေင်ဇၞော်မောဝ် ကောန်မၞိဟ်တအ်တုဲ၊ ဍေံကဵုသွဟ် သွက်သၟာန် မပ္တံကဵု &quot;မုဟိုတ်ရော&quot;၊ &quot;ဗီုလဵုရော&quot; တအ်ရ။ ဘာသာရပ် သိပ္ပံဂှ် ပါ်လဝ် ကဏ္ဍဇၞော်ဂမၠိုင် မပ္တံကဵု ရူပဗေဒ၊ ဓါတုဗေဒ၊ ဇဳဝဗေဒ ကေုာံ နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ တအ်ရ။ ပါင်မုက်ဝွံ ဒှ်ဗဟဵု သွက်ဂွံ လ္ၚတ် ပရူသိပ္ပံပညာ အလုံသီုဖအိုတ် ပ္ဍဲ ဝဳကဳပဳဒဳယာ မန် ရအဴ။
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:right; font-size:90%; margin-top:10px;&quot;&gt;'''[[သိပ္ပံ|ဆက်ဗှ် ပရူ သိပ္ပံပညာ...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #48c9b0; border-radius:10px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background:#16a085; border-bottom:1px solid #117a65; padding:15px; font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; border-radius:9px 9px 0 0; color:#ffffff; margin:0;&quot;&gt;[[File:Star_icon_stylized.svg|25px|link=]] လိက်ပရေင် မထေက်ကဵု ဒးဗှ် (Selected Article)&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:20px; font-size:110%; line-height:1.8;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg|right|130px|alt=အဲတမ်]]
'''[[ရူပဗေဒ]]''' ({{lang-en|Physics}}) ဝွံ ဒှ်ကဏ္ဍ သိပ္ပံသဘာဝ မလ္ၚတ်ပရူ ရုပ်ဝတ္ထု (Matter)၊ ဒြဟတ် (Energy)၊ အခိင် (Time)၊ အကာသ (Space) ကေုာံ ပရေင်ဆက်စပ် အကြာဍေံတအ်ရ။ ရူပဗေဒဂှ် လ္ၚတ် သ္ၚဳဂၠိပ် စတမ်နူကဵု အရာမဍောတ်သောဲအိုတ် မပ္တံကဵု အဲတမ် (Atoms) စဵုကဵုစိုပ် အရာမဇၞော်အိုတ် မပ္တံကဵု စကြဝဠာ (Universe) ဇၞော်ဏအ်ရ။ တၠပညာ ပြာကတ် ပ္ဍဲကဏ္ဍဏအ် မပ္တံကဵု အာဲသဇက် နယူတန် (Isaac Newton) ကေုာံ အဲလ်ဗတ် အာင်သတာင် (Albert Einstein) တအ် ပြံင်လှာဲလဝ် လညာတ် ကောန်မၞိဟ်တအ် လတူလောကဓါတ် ဗွဲမဇၞော်ကဵု ဒြဟတ်ရ။
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:right; font-size:90%; margin-top:10px;&quot;&gt;'''[[ရူပဗေဒ|ဆက်ဗှ်...]]'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

| style=&quot;width:40%; vertical-align:top;&quot; |

&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #f5b041; border-radius:10px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background:#d68910; border-bottom:1px solid #b9770e; padding:15px; font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; border-radius:9px 9px 0 0; color:#ffffff; margin:0;&quot;&gt;[[File:Crystal Clear app xmag.png|25px|link=]] ညးတီလဝ်တုဲရဟာ? (Did you know?)&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:20px; font-size:110%; line-height:1.8;&quot;&gt;
* '''စကြဝဠာ''' ပိုဲဏအ်ဂှ် နွံအာယုက် ၜိုတ် ၁၃.၈ ဗဳလဳယျာန် သၞာံ တုဲ ဍေံဆက် သၠဲပြးဒၟံင် (expanding) အလုံအခိင်ရ။
* လျး (Light) ဂှ် အာတရဴ နကဵု လဟိုင် ၂၉၉,၇၉၂ ကဳလဝ်မဳတာ ပ္ဍဲမွဲ စက္က။ ဟိုတ်ဂှ်ရ လျးတ္ၚဲ ဒးကေတ် အခိင် ၈ မိနေတ် ပြင်င် သွက်ဂွံ စိုပ် ဂၠးတိ။
* ဍာ်ဂှ် ဓလီုလဝ် ၇၁% ဗလးမုက် ဂၠးတိပိုဲတုဲ၊ ပ္ဍဲဂှ် ဍာ်ဖၞုင် နွံ ၉၆.၅% ရ။
* ပ္ဍဲ ခန္ဓကာယ မၞိဟ်မွဲဂှ် နွံကဵု သလာဲ (Cells) မဂၠိုင်ကဵု တြဳလဳယျာန် မဆက်စပ် ကၠောန်ဒၟံင် ကမၠောန်ရ။
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #af7ac5; border-radius:10px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background:#8e44ad; border-bottom:1px solid #76448a; padding:15px; font-size:140%; font-weight:bold; border-radius:9px 9px 0 0; color:#ffffff; margin:0;&quot;&gt;[[File:Folder-open.svg|25px|link=]] ကဏ္ဍဂမၠိုင် (Categories)&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:20px; font-size:110%; line-height:1.8;&quot;&gt;
&lt;categorytree mode=&quot;categories&quot; depth=&quot;1&quot;&gt;သိပ္ပံ&lt;/categorytree&gt;
----
* [[:ကဏ္ဍ:သိပ္ပံ|သိပ္ပံ အလုံအိုတ်သီု]]
* [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ရူပဗေဒ|ရူပဗေဒ (Physics)]]
* [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဓါတုဗေဒ|ဓါတုဗေဒ (Chemistry)]]
* [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဇဳဝဗေဒ|ဇဳဝဗေဒ (Biology)]]
* [[:ကဏ္ဍ:နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ|နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ (Astronomy)]]
* [[:ကဏ္ဍ:သိပ္ပံ ဂၠးတိ|သိပ္ပံ ဂၠးတိ (Earth Sciences)]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

|}

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; margin-top: 15px; padding: 25px; background: linear-gradient(to right, #eaeded, #f4f6f6, #eaeded); border: 1px solid #bdc3c7; border-radius: 12px; box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg|45px|link=]]&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 130%; font-weight:bold; color: #2c3e50;&quot;&gt;လ္ၚတ်အာ ပါင်မုက် ကေုာံ ပရဝ်ဂျေတ် တၞဟ်ဂမၠိုင်&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 15px; font-size: 115%;&quot;&gt;
[[ပါင်မုက် ဗဟဵု|ပါင်မုက် ဗဟဵု]] &amp;nbsp;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp; [[ပါင်မုက်:ပရေင်ပညာ|ပရေင်ပညာ]] &amp;nbsp;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp; [[ပါင်မုက်:ယေန်သၞာင်|ယေန်သၞာင်]] &amp;nbsp;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp; [[ပါင်မုက်:ပထဝဳ|ပထဝဳ]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;hr style=&quot;width: 30%; border: 0; height: 1px; background: #d5dbdb; margin: 15px auto;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 100%;&quot;&gt;
[[c:Category:Science|ဝဳကဳ ကောမန် (Commons)]] &amp;nbsp;&amp;bull;&amp;nbsp; [[d:Q336|ဝဳကဳဒါတာ (Wikidata)]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{DEFAULTSORT:သိပ္ပံပညာ}}
[[Category:Wp/mnw]]
[[Category:ပါင်မုက်ဂမၠိုင်]]</text>
      <sha1>mv28xvd9x4wu038wah3ml7i4g8gwoh4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ကဏ္ဍ:ဇြဟတ်</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>10258</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55204</id>
      <parentid>53217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T01:01:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>28</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Atom.svg with [[File:Helium_atom_(not_to_scale).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name) · Naming according meaning.).</comment>
      <origin>55204</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4707" sha1="t7o359tfiei91y775a1yoh4kv6adubs" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:1.5em; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef9e7, #fdebd0); padding: 35px 20px; border-radius: 15px; border: 2px solid #f39c12; box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); position: relative; overflow: hidden;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; top: -20px; left: -20px; opacity: 0.1;&quot;&gt;[[ဝှာင်:High_voltage_warning.svg|150x150px]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; bottom: -20px; right: -20px; opacity: 0.1;&quot;&gt;[[ဝှာင်:Nuvola_apps_energy.svg|150x150px]]&lt;/div&gt;[[ဝှာင်:High_voltage_warning.svg|alt=ဇြဟတ်|70x70px]]

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:280%; font-weight:900; color:#b9770e; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.9); letter-spacing: 1px;&quot;&gt;ကဏ္ဍ: ဇြဟတ်&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%; font-weight:bold; color:#d35400;&quot;&gt;Category: Energy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:15px; font-size:115%; color:#7e5109; padding: 0 10%; line-height: 1.6;&quot;&gt;
'''ကဏ္ဍဝွံ''' ပ္ကောံစွံလဝ် လိက်ပရေင် ကေုာံ ကဏ္ဍလပါ်သၟဝ် မဆေင်စပ် ကု [[ဇြဟတ်]] (Energy)၊ ဗီုပြင် ဇြဟတ်နာနာ၊ ရူပဗေဒ ကေုာံ ပရေင်ကၠောန်ဗဒှ် ဒြဟတ်လလဳ အလုံသီုဖအိုတ်ရအဴ။
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
{| style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent; border-spacing: 15px 0; margin-bottom:1em;&quot;
| style=&quot;width:50%; vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #f5b041; border-radius:10px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06); transition: 0.3s;&quot;&gt;
== [[ဝှာင်:List-icon.svg|link=|25x25px]] ပရူပရာ အဓိကဂမၠိုင် ==
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:20px; font-size:110%; line-height:1.8;&quot;&gt;
ပ္ဍဲကဏ္ဍဏအ်ဂှ် မၞး ဂွံဆဵုကေတ် လိက်ပရေင် မဆေင်ကဵု-

* [[ဝှာင်:Sun_symbol.svg|20x20px]] '''ဇြဟတ် သဘာဝ (Renewable):''' ဇြဟတ်တ္ၚဲ (Solar energy)၊ ဇြဟတ်ကျာ ကေုာံ ဇြဟတ်ဍာ်ဂမၠိုင်။
* [[ဝှာင်:Gnome-battery.svg|20x20px]] '''ဇြဟတ် လလဳ (Electrical):''' ဒြဟတ်လလဳ၊ ဗဲထရဳ ကေုာံ ပရေင်ကၠောန်ဗဒှ် လလဳနာနာ။
* [[ဝှာင်:Gears_icon.svg|20x20px]] '''ဇြဟတ် စက် (Mechanical):''' ဇြဟတ်ချဳဒရာင် (Kinetic) ကေုာံ ဇြဟတ်ဒုင်ဒၟံင် (Potential energy)။
* [[ဝှာင်:Helium atom (not to scale).svg|20x20px]] '''ရူပဗေဒ ကေုာံ ဇြဟတ်:''' တင်ဂၞင်သဇိုင် သၞောဝ်ဇြဟတ် (Laws of Thermodynamics) ကေုာံ ဓါတ်ကတဴ။
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
| style=&quot;width:50%; vertical-align:top;&quot; |&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid #5dade2; border-radius:10px; margin-bottom:20px; background:#ffffff; box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.06);&quot;&gt;
== [[ဝှာင်:Pencil-icon.svg|link=|25x25px]] ဗီုလဵု ဂွံပါလုပ် ရီုဗင်မာန်ရော? ==
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:20px; font-size:110%; line-height:1.8;&quot;&gt;
သွက်ဂွံ ဇၞော်မောဝ်ပတိုန် ကဏ္ဍဏအ်ဂှ် မၞး ပါလုပ် ရီုဗင်မာန်ရ-

# '''စုတ် ကဏ္ဍ:''' ယဝ်ရ မၞး ချူ လိက်ပရေင်တၟိ မဆေင်ကဵု ဇြဟတ် ဟွံသေင်မ္ဂး ရူပဗေဒမ္ဂး၊ လ္ပဝိုတ် စုတ်ကုဒ် &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဇြဟတ်]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ပ္ဍဲသၟဝ်အိုတ် မုက်လိက်ဂှ်ညိ။
# '''ခၞံဗဒှ် လိက်ပရေင်:''' လိက်ပရေင် မပ္တံကဵု ဇြဟတ်လလဳ၊ ဇြဟတ်ကျာ ကေုာံ ကၠေင်ဒါတ် (Fossil fuels) တအ်ဂှ် နွံပၟိက်ဒၟံင် သွက်ဂွံ ထပ်ချူရ။
# '''ပလေဝ်ဒါန်:''' လိက်ပရေင် မဆေင်ကဵု သိပ္ပံ မဟွံမွဲကဵု နိဿဲ တအ်ဂှ် ထပ်ဗပေင်စုတ်ကဵု သက်သဳခိုင်ခိုင်ကၠိုက်ကၠိုက်ညိ။
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=== လိက်ပရေင် ကေုာံ ကဏ္ဍလပါ်သၟဝ်ဂမၠိုင် ===
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  <page>
    <title>ကဏ္ဍ:တၠပညာ သိပ္ပံ</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>10267</id>
    <revision>
      <id>55205</id>
      <parentid>53234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-02T01:01:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>CommonsDelinker</username>
        <id>28</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Replacing Atom.svg with [[File:Helium_atom_(not_to_scale).svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] (meaningless or ambiguous name) · Naming according meaning.).</comment>
      <origin>55205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5483" sha1="7hyv5n6vrktm9yhtcvzvr9tdd5u4ohb" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
__NOEDITSECTION__
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&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; top: -20px; left: -20px; opacity: 0.1;&quot;&gt;[[File:People icon.svg|150px]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: absolute; bottom: -20px; right: -20px; opacity: 0.1;&quot;&gt;[[File:Nuvola apps edu science.svg|150px]]&lt;/div&gt;
[[File:Nuvola apps edu science.svg|70px|alt=သိပ္ပံ]]&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:260%; font-weight:bold; color:#154360; text-shadow: 1px 1px 2px rgba(255,255,255,0.8); letter-spacing: 1px;&quot;&gt;ကဏ္ဍ: တၠပညာ သိပ္ပံ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; color:#1f618d;&quot;&gt;Category: Scientists&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
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'''ကဏ္ဍဝွံ''' ပ္ကောံစွံလဝ် လိက်ပရေင် ဝင်ဘဝ ကေုာံ အသဝ်ဂုဏ် တၠပညာ သိပ္ပံ၊ အစာသုတေသန ကေုာံ ညးမခၞံဗဒှ် နဲပညာတၟိတၟိ နူကဵု ကဏ္ဍ ရူပဗေဒ၊ ဓါတုဗေဒ၊ ဇဳဝဗေဒ ကေုာံ နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ အလုံဂၠးကဝ် အလုံသီုဖအိုတ်ရအဴ။
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တၠပညာ သိပ္ပံတအ်ဂှ် ပါ်လဝ် နကဵု ကဏ္ဍဘာသာရပ် အဓိက အတိုင်ဗွဲသၟဝ်ဏအ်ရ-
* [[File:Helium atom (not to scale).svg|18px]] '''[[:ကဏ္ဍ:တၠပညာ ရူပဗေဒ|တၠပညာ ရူပဗေဒ]]''' (Physicists)
* [[File:Chemistry icon.svg|18px]] '''[[:ကဏ္ဍ:တၠပညာ ဓါတုဗေဒ|တၠပညာ ဓါတုဗေဒ]]''' (Chemists)
* [[File:DNA icon.svg|18px]] '''[[:ကဏ္ဍ:တၠပညာ ဇဳဝဗေဒ|တၠပညာ ဇဳဝဗေဒ]]''' (Biologists)
* [[File:Telescope icon.svg|18px]] '''[[:ကဏ္ဍ:တၠပညာ နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ|တၠပညာ နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ]]''' (Astronomers)
* [[File:Nuvola apps edu mathematics blue.svg|18px]] '''[[:ကဏ္ဍ:တၠပညာ သင်္ချာ|တၠပညာ သင်္ချာ]]''' (Mathematicians)
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&lt;h2 style=&quot;background:#e67e22; border-bottom:1px solid #d35400; padding:12px 15px; font-size:130%; font-weight:bold; border-radius:9px 9px 0 0; color:#ffffff; margin:0;&quot;&gt;[[File:Document-new.svg|22px|link=]] လိက်ပရေင် မထေက်ကဵု ဒးချူ (To-Do List)&lt;/h2&gt;
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ဝဳကဳပဳဒဳယာ မန်ပိုဲ နွံပၟိက်ဒၟံင် လိက်ပရေင် ပရူတၠပညာ ပြာကတ်တအ်ဏအ်ရ။ မၞး ပါလုပ် ရီုဗင် ချူခၞံဗဒှ်မာန်ရ-
* '''[[မာရဳ ကျူရဳ]]''' (Marie Curie) - ညးမလ္ၚတ်ဆဵု ရေဒဳယဝ်အက်တိဗ် ကေုာံ မကလိဂွံ လာပ်နဝ်ဗဴ ၜါဝါ။
* '''[[ချာလ် ဒါဝင်]]''' (Charles Darwin) - တၠပညာ ဇဳဝဗေဒ မခၞံဗဒှ် တဳအဝ်ရဳ ပြံင်လှာဲဇၞော်မောဝ် (Theory of Evolution)။
* '''[[ဂယ်လဳလဳယဝ် ဂယ်လဳလဳ]]''' (Galileo Galilei) - မအံက် နက္ခတ္တဗေဒ ခေတ်တၟိ ကေုာံ သိပ္ပံ ခေတ်တၟိ။
* '''[[နဳကဝ်လာ တက်သလာ]]''' (Nikola Tesla) - အေန်ဂျေန်နဳယာ လလဳ ကေုာံ ညးမခၞံဗဒှ် သၞောတ်လလဳ AC။
* '''[[သတဳဗေန် ဟံက်ကေန်]]''' (Stephen Hawking) - တၠပညာ ရူပဗေဒ မလ္ၚတ်ပရူ ကသိုင်လမ္စံက် (Black holes)။
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&lt;h3 style=&quot;border-bottom: 2px solid #2980b9; color: #154360; padding-bottom: 5px; font-size: 140%;&quot;&gt;လိက်ပရေင် ပ္ဍဲကဏ္ဍဏအ် သီုဖအိုတ်&lt;/h3&gt;
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{{DEFAULTSORT:တၠပညာ သိပ္ပံ}}
[[Category:Wp/mnw]]
[[ကဏ္ဍ:သိပ္ပံ]]
[[ကဏ္ဍ:ပူဂိုလ် ဝင်]]
[[ကဏ္ဍ:မၞိဟ်ဂမၠိုင်]]</text>
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