ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ mnwwiktionary https://mnw.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B3:%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 case-sensitive မဳဒဳယာ တၟေင် ဓရီုကျာ ညးလွပ် ညးလွပ် ဓရီုကျာ ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ ဝိက်ရှေန်နရဳ ဓရီုကျာ ဝှာင် ဝှာင် ဓရီုကျာ မဳဒဳယာဝဳကဳ မဳဒဳယာဝဳကဳ ဓရီုကျာ ထာမ်ပလိက် ထာမ်ပလိက် ဓရီုကျာ ရီု ရီု ဓရီုကျာ ကဏ္ဍ ကဏ္ဍ ဓရီုကျာ အဆက်လက္ကရဴ အဆက်လက္ကရဴ ဓရီုကျာ ကာရန် ကာရန် ဓရီုကျာ အဘိဓာန် အဘိဓာန် ဓရီုကျာ ဗီုပြၚ်သိုၚ်တၟိ ဗီုပြၚ်သိုၚ်တၟိ ဓရီုကျာ TimedText TimedText talk မဝ်ဂျူ မဝ်ဂျူ ဓရီုကျာ Event Event talk 828 666 400082 397661 2026-07-24T09:23:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 400082 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local headword_data_module = "Module:headword/data" local languages_module = "Module:languages" local links_module = "Module:links" local load_module = "Module:load" local pages_module = "Module:pages" local script_utilities_module = "Module:script utilities" local scripts_module = "Module:scripts" local string_utilities_module = "Module:string utilities" local utilities_data_module = "Module:utilities/data" local mw = mw local anchor_encode = mw.uri.anchorEncode local concat = table.concat local format_categories -- Defined below. local ipairs = ipairs local require = require local type = type local unstrip = mw.text.unstrip --[==[ Loaders for functions in other modules, which overwrite themselves with the target function when called. This ensures modules are only loaded when needed, retains the speed/convenience of locally-declared pre-loaded functions, and has no overhead after the first call, since the target functions are called directly in any subsequent calls.]==] local function decode_entities(...) decode_entities = require(string_utilities_module).decode_entities return decode_entities(...) end local function get_script(...) get_script = require(scripts_module).getByCode return get_script(...) end local function is_content_page(...) is_content_page = require(pages_module).is_content_page return is_content_page(...) end local function load_data(...) load_data = require(load_module).load_data return load_data(...) end local function remove_links(...) remove_links = require(links_module).remove_links return remove_links(...) end local function tag_text(...) tag_text = require(script_utilities_module).tag_text return tag_text(...) end local function trim(...) trim = require(string_utilities_module).trim return trim(...) end local function uupper(...) uupper = require(string_utilities_module).upper return uupper(...) end --[==[ Loaders for objects, which load data (or some other object) into some variable, which can then be accessed as "foo or get_foo()", where the function get_foo sets the object to "foo" and then returns it. This ensures they are only loaded when needed, and avoids the need to check for the existence of the object each time, since once "foo" has been set, "get_foo" will not be called again.]==] local catfix_scripts local function get_catfix_scripts() catfix_scripts, get_catfix_scripts = load_data(utilities_data_module).catfix_scripts, nil return catfix_scripts end local current_title local function get_current_title() current_title, get_current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle(), nil return current_title end local defaultsort local function get_defaultsort() defaultsort, get_defaultsort = load_data(headword_data_module).page.pagename_defaultsort, nil return defaultsort end local pagename local function get_pagename() pagename, get_pagename = load_data(headword_data_module).page.encoded_pagename, nil return pagename end local und local function get_und() und, get_und = require(languages_module).getByCode("und"), nil return und end do local function handle_url(capture) return capture:match("https?://[^%s%]]+%s([^%]]+)") or "" end --[==[ A helper function to strip wiki markup, giving the plaintext of what is displayed on the page.]==] function export.get_plaintext(text) text = text :gsub("%[%[", "\1") :gsub("%]%]", "\2") -- Remove strip markers and HTML tags. text = unstrip(text):gsub("<[^<>\1\2]+>", "") -- Parse internal links for the display text, and remove categories. text = remove_links(text) -- Remove files. text = text:gsub("\1[Ff][Ii][Ll][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2", "") :gsub("\1[Ii][Mm][Aa][Gg][Ee]:[^\1\2]+\2", "") -- Parse external links for the display text. text = text:gsub("%[(https?://[^%[%]]+)%]", handle_url) -- Any remaining square brackets aren't involved in links, but must be escaped to avoid creating new links. :gsub("\1", "&#91;&#91;") :gsub("\2", "&#93;&#93;") :gsub("%[", "&#91;") :gsub("]", "&#93;") -- Strip bold, italics and soft hyphens. :gsub("('*)'''(.-'*)'''", "%1%2") :gsub("('*)''(.-'*)''", "%1%2") :gsub("­", "") -- Get any HTML entities and trim. -- Note: don't decode URL percent encoding, as it shouldn't be used in display text and may cause problems if % is used. return trim(decode_entities(text)) end end do local function generate_sortkey(lang, sc, sort_key, sort_base) -- If the sort key is "-", treat the language as undetermined (the default). This is desirable when categorising (e.g.) translation requests, as the pages to be categorised are always in English/Translingual. if sort_key == "-" then lang, sort_key = und or get_und(), nil elseif not lang then lang = und or get_und() end -- Generate the automatic sort key. local auto = lang:makeSortKey(sort_base or pagename or get_pagename(), sc) -- Use the page defaultsort if necessary. Try hard to avoid empty sort key, which causes categories to be -- displayed as raw text; fall back to pagename if necessary. if not auto or auto == "" then auto = defaultsort or get_defaultsort() end if not auto or auto == "" then auto = sort_base end if not auto or auto == "" then auto = pagename or get_pagename() end -- If not sort key specified, use the automatic one. if not sort_key or sort_key == "" then return auto -- Otherwise, if the language is not "und", categorize the manual sort key as either redundant or non-redundant. -- FIXME: we should do this for "und" as well, but "Undetermined terms..." does not make sense for translations etc. elseif lang:getCode() ~= "und" then return sort_key, " " end return sort_key end --[==[ Format the categories with the appropriate sort key. * `cat` can take two forms: ** A string (the full category, minus the {"Category:"} prefix); ** A list of categories. Each category in the list can be either: *** A string in the same format as above; *** An object with the fields: **** `cat`: a string in the same format as above (required); **** `lang`: an optional language object to override the overall `lang`; **** `sc`: an optional script object to override the overall `sc`. **** `sort_key`: an optional sort key to override the overall `sort_key`; **** `sort_base`: an optional sort base to override the overall `sort_base`; * `lang` is an object encapsulating a language; if {nil}, the object for language code {"und"} (undetermined) will be used. `lang` is used when computing the sort key (either from the subpage name or sort base). * `sort_key` is placed in the category invocation, and indicates how the page will sort in the respective category. Normally '''do not use this'''. Instead, leave it {nil}, and if you need to a control the sort order, use {sort_base}, so that language-specific normalization is applied on top of the specified sort base. If neither {sort_key} nor {sort_base} is specified, the default is to apply language-specific normalization to the subpage name; see below. * `sort_base` lets you override the default sort key while still maintaining appropriate language-specific normalization. If {nil} is specified, this defaults to the subpage name, which is the portion of the full pagename after subtracting the namespace prefix (and, in certain namespaces such as {User:}, but notably not in the mainspace, after subtracting anything up through the final slash). The actual sort key is derived from the sort base approximately by lowercasing, applying language-specific normalization and then uppercasing; note that the same process is applied in deriving the sort key when no sort base is specified. For example, for French, Spanish, etc. the normalization process maps accented letters to their unaccented equivalents, so that e.g. in French, {{m|fr|ça}} sorts after {{m|fr|ca}} (instead of after the default Wikimedia sort order, which is approximately based on Unicode sort order and places ç after z) and {{m|fr|côté}} sorts after {{m|fr|coté}} (instead of between c and d). Similarly, in Russian the normalization process converts Cyrillic ё to a string consisting of Cyrillic е followed by U+10FFFF, so that effectively ё sorts after е instead of the default Wikimedia sort, which (I think) puts ё after я, the last letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. * `force_output` forces normal output in all namespaces. Normally, nothing is output if the page isn't in the main, Appendix:, Thesaurus:, Reconstruction: or Citations: namespaces. * `sc` is a script object; if nil, the default will be derived from the sort base (or its default value, the subpage name) by calling {lang:findBestScript()}. The value of `sc` is used during the sort base normalization process; for example, languages with multiple scripts will often have script-specific normalization processes.]==] function export.format_categories(cat, lang, sort_key, sort_base, force_output, sc) if not ( force_output or is_content_page(current_title or get_current_title()) or current_title.prefixedText == "Wiktionary:Sandbox" ) then return "" elseif type(cat) == "string" then local this_sort_key, extra = generate_sortkey(lang, sc, sort_key, sort_base) return "[[Category:" .. cat .. "|" .. this_sort_key .. "]]" .. (extra or "") end local ret, i, n, default = {}, 0, 0 -- Iterate over all categories in `cat`. while true do i = i + 1 local category = cat[i] if category == nil then return concat(ret) end local this_sort_key, extra -- If the category type is a table, use any custom options in it. if type(category) == "table" then category, this_sort_key, extra = category.cat, generate_sortkey( category.lang or lang, category.sc or sc, category.sort_key or sort_key, category.sort_base or sort_base ) -- If `default` has already been determined, use it. elseif default then this_sort_key = default -- Otherwise, calculate `default` and use it. else this_sort_key, extra = generate_sortkey(lang, sc, sort_key, sort_base) default = this_sort_key end n = n + 1 ret[n] = "[[Category:" .. category .. "|" .. this_sort_key .. "]]" .. (extra or "") end end format_categories = export.format_categories end --[==[ Add a "catfix", which is used on language-specific category pages to add language attributes and often script classes to all entry names. The addition of language attributes and script classes makes the entry names display better (using the language- or script-specific styles specified in [[MediaWiki:Common.css]]), which is particularly important for non-English languages that do not have consistent font support in browsers. Language attributes are added for all languages, but script classes are only added for languages with one script listed in their data file, or for languages that have a default script listed in the {catfix_script} list in [[Module:utilities/data]]. Some languages clearly have a default script, but still have other scripts listed in their data file. If those other scripts are not simply scripts like {{cd|Brai}} (Braille), their default script needs to be specified. Others do not have a default script. * Serbo-Croatian is regularly written in both the Latin and Cyrillic scripts. Because it uses two scripts, Serbo-Croatian cannot have a script class applied to entries in its category pages, as only one script class can be specified at a time. * German is usually written in the Latin script ({{cd|Latn}}), but Fraktur ({{cd|Latf}}) is also listed in its data file. So German needs an entry in the {catfix_script} list, so that the {{cd|Latn}} (Latin) script class will be applied to entries in its category pages. To find the scripts listed for a language, go to [[Module:languages]] and use the search box to find the data file for the language. To find out what a script code means, search the script code in [[Module:scripts/data]].]==] function export.catfix(lang, sc) if not lang or not lang.getCanonicalName then error('The first argument to the function "catfix" should be a language object from [[Module:languages]] or [[Module:etymology languages]].') end if sc and not sc.getCode then error('The second argument to the function "catfix" should be a script object from [[Module:scripts]].') end -- To add script classes to links on pages created by category boilerplate templates. if not sc then local code = (catfix_scripts or get_catfix_scripts())[lang:getCode()] or catfix_scripts[lang:getFullCode()] if code then sc = get_script(code) end end -- If the language only has a single valid candidate script, apply it as the default. if not sc then local scripts = lang:getScripts() if #scripts == 1 then sc = scripts[1] else -- Iterate over scripts. If there is only one when ignoring -- scripts like Brai, then pick that one. for _, script in ipairs(scripts) do if script:getCode() ~= "Brai" then if sc then -- Multiple candidates - fail. sc = nil break else sc = script end end end end end -- Hack: using a <ul> tag prevents the parser from automatically generating a <p> tag around the catfix element. return "<ul class=\"catfix\" data-anchor=\"" .. anchor_encode(lang:getFullName()) .. "\">" .. tag_text("", lang, sc) .. "</ul>" .. format_categories("Pages using catfix", nil, nil, nil, true) end --[==[ Given a type (as a string) and an arbitrary number of entities, checks whether all of those entities are language, family, script, writing system or Wikimedia language objects. Useful for error handling in functions that require one of these kinds of object. If `noErr` is set, the function returns false instead of throwing an error, which allows customised error handling to be done in the calling function.]==] function export.check_object(typ, noErr, ...) if ... == nil then if noErr then return false end error("Must provide at least one object to check.", 2) end for _, obj in ipairs{...} do if type(obj) ~= "table" or type(obj.hasType) ~= "function" then if noErr then return false end error("Function expected a " .. typ .. " object, but received a " .. type(obj) .. " instead.", 2) elseif not (typ == "object" or obj:hasType(typ)) then for _, wrong_type in ipairs{"family", "language", "script", "Wikimedia language", "writing system"} do if obj:hasType(wrong_type) then if noErr then return false end error("Function expected a " .. typ .. " object, but received a " .. wrong_type .. " object instead.", 2) end end if noErr then return false end error("Function expected a " .. typ .. " object, but received another type of object instead.", 2) end end return true end return export rl3buv6b1avad4b62kfz64p4wcaognx 828 37302 400003 396212 2026-07-23T15:52:56Z 咽頭べさ 33 400003 Scribunto text/plain local UnitTester = {} local require = require local concat = table.concat local deep_equals = require("Module:table/deepEquals") local error = error local explode_utf8 = require("Module:string utilities").explode_utf8 local find = string.find local full_url = mw.uri.fullUrl local gsub = string.gsub local html = mw.html local insert = table.insert local ipairs = ipairs local is_callable = require("Module:fun/isCallable") local is_combining = require("Module:Unicode data").is_combining local match = string.match local nowiki = require("Module:string/nowiki") local pairs = pairs local shallow_copy = require("Module:table/shallowCopy") local sort = table.sort local sorted_pairs = require("Module:table/sortedPairs") local sub = string.sub local tostring = tostring local traceback = debug.traceback local type = type local umatch = mw.ustring.find local unpack = unpack or table.unpack -- Lua 5.2 compatibility local usub = mw.ustring.sub local xpcall = require("Module:fun/xpcall") -- DO NOT replace with mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename as we need the root portion local current_title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local tick, cross = '[[File:Yes check.svg|20px|alt=Passed|link=|Test passed]]', '[[File:X mark.svg|20px|alt=Failed|link=|Test failed]]' local function first_difference(s1, s2) if not (type(s1) == "string" and type(s2) == "string") then return "N/A" elseif s1 == s2 then return "" end s1 = explode_utf8(s1) s2 = explode_utf8(s2) local i = 0 repeat i = i + 1 until s1[i] ~= s2[i] return i end local function highlight(str) if umatch(str, "%s") then return '<span style="background-color: var(--wikt-palette-red-4,pink);">' .. gsub(str, " ", "&nbsp;") .. '</span>' else return '<span style="color: var(--wikt-palette-red-9, red);">' .. str .. '</span>' end end local function find_noncombining(str, i, incr) while true do local ch = usub(str, i, i) if ch == "" or not is_combining(ch) then return i end i = i + incr end end -- Highlight character where a difference was found. Start highlight at first -- non-combining character before the position. End it after the first non- -- combining characters after the position. Can specify a custom highlighing -- function. local function highlight_difference(actual, expected, differs_at, func) if type(differs_at) ~= "number" or not (actual and expected) then return actual end differs_at = find_noncombining(expected, differs_at, -1) local i = find_noncombining(actual, differs_at, -1) local j = find_noncombining(actual, differs_at + 1, 1) j = j - 1 return usub(actual, 1, i - 1) .. (is_callable(func) and func or highlight)(usub(actual, i, j)) .. usub(actual, j + 1, -1) end local function val_to_str(v) if type(v) == "string" then v = gsub(v, '\n', '\\n') if find(gsub(v, '[^\'"]', ''), '^"+$') then return "'" .. v .. "'" end return '"' .. gsub(v, '"', '\\"' ) .. '"' elseif type(v) == 'table' then local result, done = {}, {} for k, val in ipairs(v) do insert(result, val_to_str(val)) done[k] = true end for k, val in sorted_pairs(v) do if not done[k] then if (type(k) ~= "string") or not find(k, '^[_%a][_%a%d]*$') then k = '[' .. val_to_str(k) .. ']' end insert(result, k .. '=' .. val_to_str(val)) end end return "{" .. concat(result, ", ") .. "}" else return tostring(v) end end local function insert_differences(keys, t1, t2) for k, v1 in pairs(t1) do local v2 = t2[k] if v2 == nil or not deep_equals(v1, v2, true) then insert(keys, k) end end end local function get_differing_keys(t1, t2) local ty1 = type(t1) if not (ty1 == type(t2) and ty1 == "table") then return nil end local keys = {} insert_differences(keys, t1, t2) insert_differences(keys, t2, t1) return keys end local function extract_keys(t, keys) if not keys then return t end local new_t = {} for _, key in ipairs(keys) do new_t[key] = t[key] end return new_t end -- Return the header for the result table along with the number of columns in the table. function UnitTester:new_result_table() local header_row = html.create("tr") :tag("th") :attr("class", "unit-tests-img-corner") :css("cursor", "pointer") :attr("title", "Only failed tests") :done() local columns = shallow_copy(self.name_columns) insert(columns, "Expected") insert(columns, "Actual") if self.differs_at then insert(columns, "Differs at") end if self.comments then insert(columns, "Comments") end for _, cell in ipairs(columns) do header_row = header_row:tag("th") :wikitext(cell) :done() end self.columns = #columns + 1 return html.create("table") :attr("class", "unit-tests wikitable") :node(header_row) end function UnitTester:get_result(key) return self[key](self) end function UnitTester:display_difference(success, name, actual, expected, options) local differs_at = self.differs_at and first_difference(expected, actual) local comment = self.comments and (options and options.comment or "") expected = expected == nil and "(nil)" or tostring(expected) actual = actual == nil and "(nil)" or tostring(actual) if self.nowiki or options and options.nowiki then expected = nowiki(expected) actual = nowiki(actual) end if options and is_callable(options.display) then expected = options.display(expected) actual = options.display(actual) end local cells if type(name) == "table" then cells = shallow_copy(name) insert(cells, expected) insert(cells, actual) insert(cells, differs_at) else cells = { name, expected, actual, differs_at } end insert(cells, comment) -- In case differs_at is nil. local row = html.create("tr") if success then row = row:attr("class", "unit-test-pass") insert(cells, 1, tick) else row = row:attr("class", "unit-test-fail") insert(cells, 1, cross) self.num_failures = self.num_failures + 1 end for _, cell in ipairs(cells) do row = row:tag("td") :wikitext(cell) :done() end self.result_table = self.result_table:node(row) self.total_tests = self.total_tests + 1 end function UnitTester:equals(name, actual, expected, options) local success = actual == expected if options and options.show_difference then local difference = first_difference(expected, actual) if type(difference) == "number" then actual = highlight_difference(actual, expected, difference, is_callable(options.show_difference) and options.show_difference) end end self:display_difference(success, name, actual, expected, options) end function UnitTester:preprocess_equals(text, expected, options) local actual = self.frame:preprocess(text) self:equals(nowiki(text), actual, expected, options) end function UnitTester:preprocess_equals_many(prefix, suffix, cases, options) for _, case in ipairs(cases) do self:preprocess_equals(prefix .. case[1] .. suffix, case[2], options) end end function UnitTester:preprocess_equals_preprocess(text1, text2, options) local expected = self.frame:preprocess(text2) self:preprocess_equals(text1, expected, options) end function UnitTester:preprocess_equals_preprocess_many(prefix1, suffix1, prefix2, suffix2, cases, options) for _, case in ipairs(cases) do self:preprocess_equals_preprocess(prefix1 .. case[1] .. suffix1, prefix2 .. (case[2] and case[2] or case[1]) .. suffix2, options) end end function UnitTester:equals_deep(name, actual, expected, options) local actual_str, expected_str local success = deep_equals(actual, expected, true) if success then if options and options.show_table_difference then actual_str = '' expected_str = '' end else if options and options.show_table_difference then local keys = get_differing_keys(actual, expected) actual_str = val_to_str(extract_keys(actual, keys)) expected_str = val_to_str(extract_keys(expected, keys)) end end if (not options) or not options.show_table_difference then actual_str = val_to_str(actual) expected_str = val_to_str(expected) end self:display_difference(success, name, actual_str, expected_str, options) end function UnitTester:iterate(examples, func) require 'libraryUtil'.checkType('iterate', 1, examples, 'table') if type(func) == "string" then func = self[func] elseif not is_callable(func) then error(("bad argument #2 to 'iterate' (expected function, callable table or string; got %s)") :format(type(func)), 2) end for i, example in ipairs(examples) do if type(example) == 'table' then func(self, unpack(example)) elseif type(example) == 'string' then self:header(example) else error(('bad example #%d (expected table or string, got %s)') :format(i, type(example)), 2) end end end function UnitTester:header(text) local prefix, maintext = match(text, '^#(h[0-9]+):(.*)$') if not prefix then maintext = text end local header = html.create("th") :attr("colspan", self.columns) if prefix == "h1" then header = header:css("text-align", "center") :css("font-size", "150%") else header = header:css("text-align", "left") end header = header:wikitext(maintext) self.result_table = self.result_table:tag("tr") :node(header) :done() end local function err_handler(mesg) return {mesg = mesg, traceback = traceback("", 2)} end function UnitTester:run(frame) self.num_failures = 0 local output = {} local boolean = {type = "boolean"} local iargs = require("Module:parameters").process(frame.args, { ["nowiki"] = boolean, ["differs_at"] = boolean, ["comments"] = boolean, ["summarize"] = boolean, ["name_column"] = {list = true, default = "Text"}, }) self.frame = frame self.nowiki = iargs.nowiki self.differs_at = iargs.differs_at self.comments = iargs.comments self.summarize = iargs.summarize self.name_columns = iargs.name_column self.total_tests = 0 -- Sort results into alphabetical order. local self_sorted = {} for key in pairs(self) do if sub(key, 1, 4) == "test" then insert(self_sorted, key) end end sort(self_sorted) -- Add results to the results table. for _, key in ipairs(self_sorted) do self.result_table = self:new_result_table() :tag("caption") :css("text-align", "left") :css("font-weight", "bold") :wikitext(key .. ":") :done() local success, err = xpcall(UnitTester.get_result, err_handler, self, key) if not success then self.result_table = self.result_table:tag("tr") :tag("td") :attr("colspan", self.columns) :css("text-align", "left") :tag("strong") :attr("class", "error") :wikitext("Script error during testing: " .. nowiki(err.mesg)) :done() :wikitext(frame:extensionTag("pre", err.traceback or "(no traceback)")) :allDone() self.num_failures = self.num_failures + 1 end insert(output, tostring(self.result_table)) end local refresh_link = tostring(full_url(current_title.fullText, 'action=purge&forcelinkupdate=1')) local failure_cat = '[[ကဏ္ဍ:မဝ်ဂျူမစမ်ၜတ်နကဵုပွမပိုတ်သ္ဂုတ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]]' if sub(current_title.text, -14) == "/documentation" then failure_cat = '' end local num_successes = self.total_tests - self.num_failures if self.summarize then if self.num_failures == 0 then return '<strong class="success">' .. self.total_tests .. '/' .. self.total_tests .. ' tests passed</strong>' else return '<strong class="error">' .. num_successes .. '/' .. self.total_tests .. ' tests passed</strong>' end else return (self.num_failures == 0 and '<strong class="success">All tests passed.</strong>' or '<strong class="error">' .. self.num_failures .. ' of ' .. self.total_tests .. ' test' .. (self.total_tests == 1 and '' or 's' ) .. ' failed.</strong>' .. failure_cat) .. " <span class='plainlinks unit-tests-refresh'>[" .. refresh_link .. " (refresh)]</span>\n\n" .. concat(output, "\n\n") end end function UnitTester:new() local o = {} setmetatable(o, self) self.__index = self return o end local unit_tester = UnitTester:new() function unit_tester.run_tests(frame) return unit_tester:run(frame) end return unit_tester 1xzj800955jxdzvezsmxp211jjk37h5 828 41618 400054 395132 2026-07-24T08:09:49Z 咽頭べさ 33 400054 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local parameters_module = "Module:parameters" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local utilities_format_categories_with_sort_keys_module = "Module:utilities/format_categories_with_sort_keys" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local require = require local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function format_categories_with_sort_keys(...) format_categories_with_sort_keys = require(utilities_format_categories_with_sort_keys_module) return format_categories_with_sort_keys(...) end local function process_params(...) process_params = require(parameters_module).process return process_params(...) end local function track(...) track = require(debug_track_module) return track(...) end -- Used by {{catfix}}. function export.catfix(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {type = "language", required = true}, [2] = {alias_of = "sc"}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, }) return require("Module:utilities").catfix(args[1], args.sc) end -- Used by {{categorize}}, {{catlangname}} and {{topics}}. function export.categorize(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und", sublist = true}, [2] = {required = true, list = true, allow_holes = true}, sort = {list = true, separate_no_index = true, allow_holes = true}, force = {type = "boolean"}, }) local langs = args[1] if not langs[1] then return "" end local parts = {} for _, lang in ipairs(langs) do local full_langcode = lang:getFullCode() if lang:getCode() ~= full_langcode then track("Module:utilities/templates/categorize called with variant langcode") end local raw_cats, sort_keys, format = args[2], args.sort, frame.args["format"] local default_sort = sort_keys.default local prefix = format == "pos" and "ဝေါဟာ" .. lang:getFullName() .. " " or format == "topic" and "ဝေါဟာ" .. lang:getCategoryName() -- Put the categories in an array. If any have an individual sortkey, they -- will need to be tables with the category and sort key for -- [[Module:utilities/format_categories_with_sort_keys]]; otherwise, add -- them as strings. local cats, n, with_sort_keys = {}, 0, false for i = 1, raw_cats.maxindex do local cat = raw_cats[i] if cat ~= nil then cat = prefix .. cat .."ဂမၠိုၚ်" local sort_key = sort_keys[i] if with_sort_keys then cat = {category = cat, sort_key = sort_key} -- If a sort key exists, reformat all previously-processed -- categories into the table format. elseif sort_key ~= nil then with_sort_keys = true for j = 1, n do cats[j] = {category = cats[j]} end cat = {category = cat, sort_key = sort_key} end n = n + 1 cats[n] = cat end end if with_sort_keys then insert(parts, format_categories_with_sort_keys(cats, lang, default_sort, nil, args.force)) else insert(parts, format_categories(cats, lang, default_sort, nil, args.force)) end end return concat(parts) end return export scn7yybar077epcfxsy48jefkg7p2r0 400055 400054 2026-07-24T08:14:19Z 咽頭べさ 33 400055 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local parameters_module = "Module:parameters" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local utilities_format_categories_with_sort_keys_module = "Module:utilities/format_categories_with_sort_keys" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local require = require local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function format_categories_with_sort_keys(...) format_categories_with_sort_keys = require(utilities_format_categories_with_sort_keys_module) return format_categories_with_sort_keys(...) end local function process_params(...) process_params = require(parameters_module).process return process_params(...) end local function track(...) track = require(debug_track_module) return track(...) end -- Used by {{catfix}}. function export.catfix(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {type = "language", required = true}, [2] = {alias_of = "sc"}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, }) return require("Module:utilities").catfix(args[1], args.sc) end -- Used by {{categorize}}, {{catlangname}} and {{topics}}. function export.categorize(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und", sublist = true}, [2] = {required = true, list = true, allow_holes = true}, sort = {list = true, separate_no_index = true, allow_holes = true}, force = {type = "boolean"}, }) local langs = args[1] if not langs[1] then return "" end local parts = {} for _, lang in ipairs(langs) do local full_langcode = lang:getFullCode() if lang:getCode() ~= full_langcode then track("Module:utilities/templates/categorize called with variant langcode") end local raw_cats, sort_keys, format = args[2], args.sort, frame.args["format"] local default_sort = sort_keys.default local prefix = format == "pos" and "ဝေါဟာ" .. lang:getFullName() .. " " or format == "topic" and "ဝေါဟာ" .. lang:getCategoryName() -- Put the categories in an array. If any have an individual sortkey, they -- will need to be tables with the category and sort key for -- [[Module:utilities/format_categories_with_sort_keys]]; otherwise, add -- them as strings. local cats, n, with_sort_keys = {}, 0, false for i = 1, raw_cats.maxindex do local cat = raw_cats[i] if cat ~= nil then cat = "နကဵုမအရေဝ်" ..cat .. prefix .."ဂမၠိုၚ်" local sort_key = sort_keys[i] if with_sort_keys then cat = {category = cat, sort_key = sort_key} -- If a sort key exists, reformat all previously-processed -- categories into the table format. elseif sort_key ~= nil then with_sort_keys = true for j = 1, n do cats[j] = {category = cats[j]} end cat = {category = cat, sort_key = sort_key} end n = n + 1 cats[n] = cat end end if with_sort_keys then insert(parts, format_categories_with_sort_keys(cats, lang, default_sort, nil, args.force)) else insert(parts, format_categories(cats, lang, default_sort, nil, args.force)) end end return concat(parts) end return export stivc2dgv9dfwth3dqo8u6lk7k9rutt 400056 400055 2026-07-24T08:22:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 400056 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local debug_track_module = "Module:debug/track" local parameters_module = "Module:parameters" local utilities_module = "Module:utilities" local utilities_format_categories_with_sort_keys_module = "Module:utilities/format_categories_with_sort_keys" local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local require = require local function format_categories(...) format_categories = require(utilities_module).format_categories return format_categories(...) end local function format_categories_with_sort_keys(...) format_categories_with_sort_keys = require(utilities_format_categories_with_sort_keys_module) return format_categories_with_sort_keys(...) end local function process_params(...) process_params = require(parameters_module).process return process_params(...) end local function track(...) track = require(debug_track_module) return track(...) end -- Used by {{catfix}}. function export.catfix(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {type = "language", required = true}, [2] = {alias_of = "sc"}, ["sc"] = {type = "script"}, }) return require("Module:utilities").catfix(args[1], args.sc) end -- Used by {{categorize}}, {{catlangname}} and {{topics}}. function export.categorize(frame) local args = process_params(frame:getParent().args, { [1] = {required = true, type = "language", default = "und", sublist = true}, [2] = {required = true, list = true, allow_holes = true}, sort = {list = true, separate_no_index = true, allow_holes = true}, force = {type = "boolean"}, }) local langs = args[1] if not langs[1] then return "" end local parts = {} for _, lang in ipairs(langs) do local full_langcode = lang:getFullCode() if lang:getCode() ~= full_langcode then track("Module:utilities/templates/categorize called with variant langcode") end local raw_cats, sort_keys, format = args[2], args.sort, frame.args["format"] local default_sort = sort_keys.default local prefix = format == "pos" and "ဝေါဟာ" .. lang:getFullName() .. " " or format == "topic" and "ဝေါဟာ" .. lang:getCategoryName() .. "နကဵုမအရေဝ်" -- Put the categories in an array. If any have an individual sortkey, they -- will need to be tables with the category and sort key for -- [[Module:utilities/format_categories_with_sort_keys]]; otherwise, add -- them as strings. local cats, n, with_sort_keys = {}, 0, false for i = 1, raw_cats.maxindex do local cat = raw_cats[i] if cat ~= nil then cat = prefix .. cat .."ဂမၠိုၚ်" local sort_key = sort_keys[i] if with_sort_keys then cat = {category = cat, sort_key = sort_key} -- If a sort key exists, reformat all previously-processed -- categories into the table format. elseif sort_key ~= nil then with_sort_keys = true for j = 1, n do cats[j] = {category = cats[j]} end cat = {category = cat, sort_key = sort_key} end n = n + 1 cats[n] = cat end end if with_sort_keys then insert(parts, format_categories_with_sort_keys(cats, lang, default_sort, nil, args.force)) else insert(parts, format_categories(cats, lang, default_sort, nil, args.force)) end end return concat(parts) end return export rrfa13480ntmk2bbrbw4f6603gg5dbl 14 59073 400052 77707 2026-07-24T07:56:39Z 咽頭べさ 33 咽頭べさ ပြံင်ပဆုဲလဝ် မုက်လိက် [[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ် အအ်ဥူ]] ဇရေင် [[ကဏ္ဍ:နာမ်အအ်ဥူဂမၠိုၚ်]] သီုကဵု ဟွံဂွံ ဂိုင်စွံလဝ် မကလေင်ပညုင် 77707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအအ်ဥူ]] 453ys18p4vzpgg8vd5yzjt1awcyrlpo 14 59079 400051 176546 2026-07-24T07:56:16Z 咽頭べさ 33 咽頭べさ ပြံင်ပဆုဲလဝ် မုက်လိက် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟာအအ်ဥူနွံပ္ဍဲအဘိဓာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] ဇရေင် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဝေါဟာအဓိကအအ်ဥူဂမၠိုၚ်]] သီုကဵု ဟွံဂွံ ဂိုင်စွံလဝ် မကလေင်ပညုင် 77716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအအ်ဥူ]] 453ys18p4vzpgg8vd5yzjt1awcyrlpo 0 118214 400094 152649 2026-07-24T09:39:05Z 咽頭べさ 33 400094 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာင်=== {{ja-pron|あきなり|acc=0}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり|あきのぶ|あきまさ|あきや}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきまさ}} splkuxxmdq01kuy0vgur5e7owcv7ugy 0 236034 400031 317022 2026-07-24T05:10:23Z Hiyuune 1535 400031 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-see|北也門}} 4igv85z0xlgqpq38pbkq54crd3sh2nx 14 283726 400007 381388 2026-07-23T16:00:30Z 咽頭べさ 33 咽頭べさ ပြံင်ပဆုဲလဝ် မုက်လိက် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်မပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ကာဗေန်အဝ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] ဇရေင် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ကာဗေန်အဝ်မပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] သီုကဵု ဟွံဂွံ ဂိုင်စွံလဝ် မကလေင်ပညုင် 381388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ကာဗေန်အဝ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|က]] 07pghkvat8vojmzq1ahsbdyk3kwexmd 14 293114 400006 393031 2026-07-23T15:59:55Z 咽頭べさ 33 咽頭べさ ပြံင်ပဆုဲလဝ် မုက်လိက် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်မပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ကသှုဗဳယာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] ဇရေင် [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ကသှုဗဳယာန်မပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] သီုကဵု ဟွံဂွံ ဂိုင်စွံလဝ် မကလေင်ပညုင် 393031 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ကသှုဗဳယာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|က]] oksehgfmjc2b189n9hikcpsw3a2fj8c 118 297661 399990 2026-07-23T15:25:27Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{reconstructed}} ==ဂျာမာန်-အခိုက်ကၞာ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{gem-verb}} # သကဵုအာတ်မိက်။ ====ပရေၚ်ကၠောံ==== {{gem-conj-wk1|kraf|j=j}} ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alter|gem-pro|alt=*krabāną}} * {{alter|gem-pro|alt=*krabjaną}} ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desctree|gmw-pro|*krafōn}} * {{desctree|non|krefja}}" 399990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{reconstructed}} ==ဂျာမာန်-အခိုက်ကၞာ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{gem-verb}} # သကဵုအာတ်မိက်။ ====ပရေၚ်ကၠောံ==== {{gem-conj-wk1|kraf|j=j}} ===ပွံၚ်နဲတၞဟ်=== * {{alter|gem-pro|alt=*krabāną}} * {{alter|gem-pro|alt=*krabjaną}} ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desctree|gmw-pro|*krafōn}} * {{desctree|non|krefja}} mqb5q2pp0cuk6p9tjer13ohdv0545su 10 297662 399991 2026-07-23T15:25:58Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#invoke:gem-verb|show|weak1}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|conj:wk1}}</noinclude>" 399991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:gem-verb|show|weak1}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|conj:wk1}}</noinclude> 0v0u9zgmkpsl55odnlcjm9mkgqv2on6 0 297663 399992 2026-07-23T15:35:31Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အာက်သလာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|is|non|krefja}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|is|gem-pro|*krafjaną}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{is-IPA}} *: {{rhymes|is|ɛvja|s=2}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{is-verb-weak|krafði|krafið}} # သကဵုအာတ်မိက်။ #: {{syn|is|heimta|útheimta}} ====သမ္ဗန္ဓ===..." 399992 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|is|non|krefja}}၊ နူကဵုဝေါဟာ {{inh|is|gem-pro|*krafjaną}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{is-IPA}} *: {{rhymes|is|ɛvja|s=2}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{is-verb-weak|krafði|krafið}} # သကဵုအာတ်မိက်။ #: {{syn|is|heimta|útheimta}} ====သမ္ဗန္ဓ==== {{is-conj-w1|kr|e|f}} ==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{inh|non|gem-pro|*krafjaną}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{non-verb|krafði|krǫfðu|krafðr|pp2=krafiðr}} # သကဵုအာတ်မိက်၊ ပရေၚ်ဒုၚ်ဂုန်ဗွဲမဇြိုဟ်နက်၊ ထေက်ကဵု။ ====သမ္ဗန္ဓ==== {{non-conj-weak1-short|kref|krafð|krefð|krǫfð|2s=krafz|pp=krafi|past_part=krafðr, krafiðr, krafinn}} ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== {{top2}} * {{desc|is|krefja}} * {{desc|fo|krevja}} * {{desc|nn|krevja|alts=1}} * {{desc|gmq-osw|kræfia|kræfiæ}} ** {{desc|sv|kräva}} * {{desc|da|kræve}} ** {{desc|nb|kreve}} {{bottom}} t50iqvaxtw31dxxz0b0v6coluv9zh6m 10 297664 399993 2026-07-23T15:36:37Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#invoke:is-IPA|make}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 399993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:is-IPA|make}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 5cuvpiah1tuqjfc4n0iu99smdrzd2z7 828 297665 399994 2026-07-23T15:37:40Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "local export = {} local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local is_IPA_module = "Module:is-IPA" local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("is") function export.make_unstressed_word_table(frame) local unstressed_words = require(is_IPA_module).get_unstressed_words() local word_set = {} for _, list_and_reason in ipairs(unstressed_words) do local list, reason = unpack(list_and_reason) f..." 399994 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local is_IPA_module = "Module:is-IPA" local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("is") function export.make_unstressed_word_table(frame) local unstressed_words = require(is_IPA_module).get_unstressed_words() local word_set = {} for _, list_and_reason in ipairs(unstressed_words) do local list, reason = unpack(list_and_reason) for _, word in ipairs(list) do if word_set[word] then insert(word_set[word], reason) else word_set[word] = {reason} end end end local word_list = {} for word, reasons in pairs(word_set) do insert(word_list, {word, reasons}) end table.sort(word_list, function(a, b) return lang:makeSortKey(a[1]) < lang:makeSortKey(b[1]) end) local parts = {} local function ins(txt) insert(parts, txt) end ins('{| class="wikitable"') ins("! Word !! Unstressed class(es)") for _, word_reasons in ipairs(word_list) do local word, reasons = unpack(word_reasons) ins("|-") ins(("| {{m|is|%s}} || %s"):format(word, concat(reasons, ", "))) end ins("|}") return frame:preprocess(concat(parts, "\n")) end return export 3uv5k8r8wz6ji0o021i9j442qoobg3d 828 297666 399995 2026-07-23T15:39:29Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "local export = {} local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("is") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local pron_utilities_module = "Module:pron utilities" local m_table = require("Module:table") local m_string_utilities = require("Module:string utilities") local ugsub = m_string_utilities.gsub local usub = m_string_utilities.sub local ufind = m_string_utilities.find local umatch = m_st..." 399995 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("is") local parse_utilities_module = "Module:parse utilities" local pron_utilities_module = "Module:pron utilities" local m_table = require("Module:table") local m_string_utilities = require("Module:string utilities") local ugsub = m_string_utilities.gsub local usub = m_string_utilities.sub local ufind = m_string_utilities.find local umatch = m_string_utilities.match local ulower = m_string_utilities.lower local pattern_escape = m_string_utilities.pattern_escape local replacement_escape = m_string_utilities.replacement_escape local toNFC = mw.ustring.toNFC local toNFD = mw.ustring.toNFD local u = m_string_utilities.char local codepoint = mw.ustring.codepoint local split = m_string_utilities.split local concat = table.concat local insert = table.insert local dump = mw.dumpObject local function split_on_comma(term) if term:find(",%s") or term:find("\\") then return require(parse_utilities_module).split_on_comma(term) else return split(term, ",") end end -- Convert a string of characters to a list. This does not handle ranges. local function explode_to_list(s) local chars = {} for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(s) do insert(chars, u(cp)) end return chars end -- Make a substitution; if "rept" is given, repeat until no more substitutions happen. local function ugsub_repeat(text, from, to, rept) while true do local newtext = ugsub(text, from, to) if newtext == text then break end text = newtext if not rept then break end end return text end -- Convert a string of characters to a set. This handles hyphen-delimited ranges, as in Lua patterns. local function explode_to_set(s) local charset = {} local first_of_range = nil local next_is_end_of_range = false for cp in mw.ustring.gcodepoint(s) do local ch = u(cp) if ch == "-" then if not first_of_range then error("Internal error: Encountered hyphen without preceding start character") end next_is_end_of_range = true elseif next_is_end_of_range then for c = first_of_range + 1, cp do charset[u(c)] = true next_is_end_of_range = false end else first_of_range = cp charset[ch] = true end end if next_is_end_of_range then error("Internal error: Encountered hyphen without following end character") end return charset end -- Single-character vowels in Icelandic orthography local Vall_orth = "aáæeéiíoóöuúyý" -- Orthographic consonant letters local Call_orth = "bdðfghjklmnprstvxþ" -- Transparent cluster exception: ptks + vjr → vowel remains long despite 2-consonant cluster -- (e.g. pr in tepra, kr in dekra, tv in upgötva, sr in hausra, pj in vepja, tj in letja); -- also in written <dr>, <br> etc. in loanwords, e.g. adrenalín, Abraham local ptks = {["p"] = true, ["t"] = true, ["k"] = true, ["s"] = true, ["b"] = true, ["d"] = true} local vjr = {["v"] = true, ["j"] = true, ["r"] = true} local BREVE = u(0x0306) local function pua(n) return u(0xE000 + n) end -- Consonant PUA tokens; store in a table to avoid errors with too many upvalues local C = { p = pua(0), -- p ph = pua(1), -- pʰ t = pua(2), -- t th = pua(3), -- tʰ c = pua(4), -- c ch = pua(5), -- cʰ k = pua(6), -- k kh = pua(7), -- kʰ v = pua(8), -- v f = pua(9), -- f dh = pua(10), -- ð th2 = pua(11), -- θ s = pua(12), -- s j = pua(13), -- j(approx) hj = pua(14), -- ç gh = pua(15), -- ɣ x = pua(16), -- x xw = pua(17), -- xʷ h = pua(18), -- h m = pua(19), -- m hm = pua(20), -- m̥ n = pua(21), -- n hn = pua(22), -- n̥ nj = pua(23), -- ɲ hnj = pua(24), -- ɲ̊ ng = pua(25), -- ŋ hng = pua(26), -- ŋ̊ l = pua(27), -- l hl = pua(28), -- l̥ r = pua(29), -- r hr = pua(30), -- r̥ temp = pua(31), -- temporary substitution character } local kPAL, gPAL = pua(40), pua(41) -- Palatalization markers: k/g immediately before a J-set segment -- Suprasegmental tokens local Solc = pua(50) -- optional long after a consonant local Soblc = pua(51) -- obligatory long after a consonant local Cfirst, Clast = pua(0), pua(99) -- Obligatory copies of all consonants; they are separate so they aren't affected by most rules local OC = {} -- Map from obligatory PUA characters to regular PUA chars local OC_to_C = {} local OSolc = pua(150) local OSoblc = pua(151) for phone, pua_char in pairs(C) do local obl_pua_char = u(100 + codepoint(pua_char)) OC[phone] = obl_pua_char end for pua_codepoint = codepoint(Cfirst), codepoint(Clast) do local obl_pua_char = u(100 + pua_codepoint) OC_to_C[obl_pua_char] = u(pua_codepoint) end local OCfirst, OClast = pua(100), pua(199) -- Vowel tokens local Va, Vai, Vau = pua(200), pua(201), pua(202) -- a ai au local Vai_gi = pua(203) -- ai (from a before -gi; NOT in J-set) local Ve = pua(204) -- ɛ local Ve_from_je = pua(205) -- ɛ from <é>; affects -nn- differently from -e- local Vi, Vii = pua(206), pua(207) -- ɪ i local Vi_from_y = pua(208) -- ɪ from <y>; does not palatalize <g> between vowels local Vii_from_i = pua(209) -- i raised from ɪ; palatalizes <g> between vowels local Vo, Vou = pua(210), pua(211) -- ɔ ou local Vu, Vuu = pua(212), pua(213) -- ʏ u local Voe, Voei = pua(214), pua(215) -- œ œi local Vei, Voi, Vui = pua(216), pua(217), pua(218) -- ei ɔi ʏi local Vfirst, Vlast = pua(200), pua(299) local decompose_breve_map = { ["ă"] = "a" .. BREVE, ["ĕ"] = "e" .. BREVE, ["ĭ"] = "i" .. BREVE, ["ŏ"] = "o" .. BREVE, ["ŭ"] = "u" .. BREVE, } -- <l> and <n> do not devoice after a stop before a voiced resonant local voiced_resonant = "jlmnrv" .. C.j .. C.l .. C.m .. C.n .. C.r .. C.v local aspirate_stop_map = {[C.p] = C.ph, [C.t] = C.th, [C.c] = C.ch, [C.k] = C.kh} local unaspirated_stops_pua = C.p .. C.t .. C.c .. C.k local devoice_resonant_map = {[C.m] = C.hm, [C.n] = C.hn, [C.nj] = C.hnj, [C.ng] = C.hng, [C.l] = C.hl, [C.r] = C.hr} local voice_resonant_map = {[C.hm] = C.m, [C.hn] = C.n, [C.hnj] = C.nj, [C.hng] = C.ng, [C.hl] = C.l, [C.hr] = C.r} local orth_to_asp_pua_map = {b = C.p, d = C.t, g = C.k, [gPAL] = C.c, p = C.ph, t = C.th, k = C.kh, [kPAL] = C.ch, l = C.hl, m = C.hm, n = C.hn, r = C.hr, j = C.hj} local orth_to_unasp_pua_map = {b = C.p, d = C.t, g = C.k, [gPAL] = C.c, p = C.p, t = C.t, k = C.k, [kPAL] = C.c, l = C.l, m = C.m, n = C.n, r = C.r, j = C.j, f = C.f, h = C.h, s = C.s, ["þ"] = C.th2, v = C.v, ["ð"] = C.dh} local orth_velar_stop_to_palatal_pua_map = {g = C.c, k = C.ch} local orth_velar_stop_to_special_palatal_pua_map = {g = gPAL, k = kPAL} local bracketed_phone_map = { f = OC.f, s = OC.s, x = OC.x, xw = OC.xw, kh = OC.kh, k = OC.k, th = OC.th, t = OC.t, ph = OC.ph, p = OC.p, ch = OC.ch, c = OC.c, ["ː"] = OSoblc, -- converted earlier from : } -- Diphthongization of lax vowels occurs before -gi-, -gj-, -j- and before velar and palatal nasals. -- Lax front vowels always diphthongize towards i, whereas lax back and central vowels diphthongize -- towards i before -gi-/-gj-/-j- and towards u before velar/palatal nasals. Here, written <u> counts as a -- "back" vowel even though it has been fronted. local lax_front_vowel_diphthongize_map = {["ö"] = Voei, e = Vei, i = Vii_from_i, y = Vii} local lax_back_vowel_front_diphthongize_map = {a = Vai_gi, o = Voi, u = Vui} local lax_back_vowel_back_diphthongize_map = {a = Vau, o = Vou, u = Vuu} local lax_vowels = "aeioöuy" -- Detokenization map → final IPA local detok = { [C.p] = "p", [C.ph] = "pʰ", [C.t] = "t", [C.th] = "tʰ", [C.c] = "c", [C.ch] = "cʰ", [C.k] = "k", [C.kh] = "kʰ", [C.v] = "v", [C.f] = "f", [C.dh] = "ð", [C.th2] = "θ", [C.s] = "s", [C.j] = "j", [C.hj] = "ç", [C.gh] = "ɣ", [C.x] = "x", [C.xw] = "xʷ", [C.h] = "h", [C.m] = "m", [C.hm] = "m̥", [C.n] = "n", [C.hn] = "n̥", [C.nj] = "ɲ", [C.hnj] = "ɲ̊", [C.ng] = "ŋ", [C.hng] = "ŋ̊", [C.l] = "l", [C.hl] = "l̥", [C.r] = "r", [C.hr] = "r̥", [Va] = "a", [Vai] = "ai", [Vau] = "au", [Ve] = "ɛ", [Ve_from_je] = "ɛ", [Vi] = "ɪ", [Vi_from_y] = "ɪ", [Vii] = "i", [Vii_from_i] = "i", [Vo] = "ɔ", [Vou] = "ou", [Vu] = "ʏ", [Vuu] = "u", [Voe] = "œ", [Voei] = "œi", [Vei] = "ei", [Voi] = "ɔi", [Vui] = "ʏi", [Vai_gi] = "ai", -- [Solc] = "(ː)", don't convert Solc yet so we can eliminate it before a consonant in the next word [Soblc] = "ː", } -- Character-class fragments (contents of a [ .. .] set) local Call_pua = Cfirst .. "-" .. Clast -- allow explicit use of certain IPA consonants in respelling; ŋ and ɲ don't trigger diphthongization local Cipa_not_orth = "ŋɲcçɣθʃʒʔ" local Call = Call_pua .. Call_orth .. Cipa_not_orth local OCall = OCfirst .. "-" .. OClast local COCall = Call .. OCall -- We need to include obligatory PUA characters to handle bracketed characters, which we map directly to PUA characters -- before vowel length determination. local consonant_set = explode_to_set(COCall) local Vall_pua = Vfirst .. "-" .. Vlast local Vall = Vall_pua .. Vall_orth local vowel_set = explode_to_set(Vall) local Vfront = concat {Vi, Vi_from_y, Vii, Vii_from_i, Ve, Ve_from_je, Vai, Vei} -- J vowels (front unrounded + æ + ei/ey) local J = Vfront .. "j" -- J-set incl. orthographic j local Vauou = concat {Vau, Vou, Vuu} -- á ó ú (for silent g) local Vtense = concat {Vau, Vou, Vuu, Vii, Vii_from_i, Vai, Voei, Vei, Ve_from_je} -- á í/ý ó ú æ au ei/ey (j)ɛ (nn → tn) -- Aspirated stop or voiceless fricative or approximant; triggers devoicing e.g. of preceding /r/; -- C.h should not be present local Cvoiceless_pua = concat {C.ph, C.th, C.ch, C.kh, kPAL, C.s, C.f, C.th2, C.x, C.xw, C.hj, C.hn, C.hnj, C.hng, C.hm, C.hl, C.hr} -- "Voiceless" obligatory PUA characters should still trigger devoicing. No equivalent of kPAL, -- which is generated secondarily.. local OCvoiceless_pua = concat {OC.ph, OC.th, OC.ch, OC.kh, OC.s, OC.f, OC.th2, OC.x, OC.xw, OC.hj, OC.hn, OC.hnj, OC.hng, OC.hm, OC.hl, OC.hr} -- We have to assume that at the point Cvoiceless is used, clusters like hj have been to PUA characters. local Cvoiceless_orth = "ptksfþ" local Cvoiceless = Cvoiceless_pua .. Cvoiceless_orth .. "ç" local COCvoiceless = Cvoiceless .. OCvoiceless_pua local unstressed_monosyllabic_prepositions = { -- monosyllabic prepositions from https://ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is/leit//ordflokkur/prep -- NOTE: many can function as stressed adverbs and will need explicit stress -- also, some can function as unrelated words, e.g. á "river", gegn "respectable; worthy", úr "watch" "að", "af", "auk", "á", "án", "frá", "gegn", "gegnt", "hjá", "í", "með", "til", "um", "úr", "við", -- not included despite being listed as monosyllabic prepositions: -- 1. "bak" (mostly an adverb or noun "back") -- 2. "bland" (mostly a noun "blend") -- 3. "for" (a noun "mud"; a prefix for-, not a preposition) -- 4. "fur" (obsolete?) -- 5. "inn" (mostly a stressed adverb "in") -- 6. "kring" (?) -- 7. "mót" ("meeting; mo(u)ld; junction"; only a function word in the expression [[á móti]] "opposite", -- [[í móti]] and <mót jólum> "just before Christmas" -- 8. "nær" (an adverb "nearer") -- 9. "of" (usually an adverb "too", stressed; also a preposition "about" or "over/above") -- 10. "per" (?) -- 11. "po" (?) -- 12. "und" (mostly a noun "wound"; also a poetic preposition "under") -- 13. "út" (an adverb "out"; appears as a preposition in "út af", "út að", etc.) -- 14. "þar" (an adverb "there") } local unstressed_polysyllabic_prepositions = { "eftir", "fyrir", "undir", "yfir" } local unstressed_conjunctions = { "alls", "ef", "en", "er", "eð", "eða", "fyrst", "hvert", "hvort", "né", "nær", "og", "sem", "uns", "þá", "þótt", } local unstressed_verbal_forms = { -- should we omit the 2nd person forms? should we omit sé which also means "(I) see"? "er", "ert", "var", "varst", "sé", "sért", } local unstressed_monosyllabic_pronouns = { "ég", "mig", "mér", "mín", "minn", "mitt", "míns", "þú", "þig", "þér", "þín", "þinn", "þitt", "þíns", "sig", "sér", "sín", "sinn", "sitt", "síns", "hann", "hans", -- honum "hún", -- hana, henni, hennar "við", "þið", "það", "því", "þess", "þeir", "þá", "þær", "þau", "þeim", -- þeirra -- other possibilities: -- 1. sá "the" (but also stressed "to sow", "(I/he/she/it) saw"), and forms -- 2. multistressed forms of the article, e.g þeirra, þeirri } local unstressed_words = {} local function add_unstressed_list(list) for _, word in ipairs(list) do unstressed_words[word] = true end end add_unstressed_list(unstressed_monosyllabic_prepositions) add_unstressed_list(unstressed_polysyllabic_prepositions) add_unstressed_list(unstressed_conjunctions) add_unstressed_list(unstressed_verbal_forms) add_unstressed_list(unstressed_monosyllabic_pronouns) function export.get_unstressed_words() return { {unstressed_monosyllabic_prepositions, "unstressed monosyllabic preposition"}, {unstressed_polysyllabic_prepositions, "unstressed polysyllabic preposition"}, {unstressed_conjunctions, "unstressed conjunction"}, {unstressed_verbal_forms, "unstressed verbal form"}, {unstressed_monosyllabic_pronouns, "unstressed monosyllabic pronoun"}, } end -- This maps each "variation" (e.g. "formal", "allegro"), to an object with properties `class` (the class that groups -- the variations, e.g. "formality" for "formal", "speed" for "allegro"), `priority` (for sorting the variations, -- derived from the order in which they are listed in the `variation_classes` table) and `display` (how to display the -- variation, defaulting to the variation text itself). local variation_to_properties = {} -- Given a table `levels` in the form of a set listing the levels (variations) for a given pronunciation in a given -- class, sort the levels according to their priority and display them. Most commonly there is only one level, but -- there may be more than one in some cases, particularly if a given class has more than two possible levels. local function display_levels(levels) local level_list = {} for level, _ in pairs(levels) do insert(level_list, level) end table.sort(level_list, function(a, b) return variation_to_properties[a].priority < variation_to_properties[b].priority end) for i, level in ipairs(level_list) do level_list[i] = variation_to_properties[level].display end return mw.text.listToText(level_list, nil, " or ") end local variation_classes = { formality = { priority = 1, levels = { {level = "formal"}, {level = "informal"}, }, generate_note = display_levels, }, speed = { priority = 2, levels = { {level = "careful"}, {level = "natural"}, {level = "allegro", display = "fast/allegro"}, }, generate_note = function(levels) return display_levels(levels) .. " pronunciation" end, }, currency = { priority = 3, levels = { {level = "modern"}, {level = "older"}, }, generate_note = display_levels, }, } -- Populate `variation_to_properties`. for class, props in pairs(variation_classes) do for i, level in ipairs(props.levels) do variation_to_properties[level.level] = { class = class, priority = i, display = level.display or level.level, } end end local function levels_by_class_to_qualifiers(levels_by_class) local seen_classes = {} for class, _ in pairs(levels_by_class) do insert(seen_classes, class) end table.sort(seen_classes) local qualifiers = {} for _, class in ipairs(seen_classes) do insert(qualifiers, variation_classes[class].generate_note(levels_by_class[class])) end if qualifiers[1] then return qualifiers else return nil end end local function separate_variations_into_classes_and_levels(variations) local levels_by_class = {} for _, variation in ipairs(variations) do local varprops = variation_to_properties[variation] if not varprops then error(("Unrecognized variation %s in rule"):format(variation)) end local class = varprops.class if not levels_by_class[class] then levels_by_class[class] = {} end levels_by_class[class][variation] = true end return levels_by_class end local function intersect_each_class(existing_class_levels, new_class_levels) local retval = {} for class, _ in pairs(variation_classes) do local existing_levels_by_class = existing_class_levels[class] local new_levels_by_class = new_class_levels[class] local intersection if not existing_levels_by_class then intersection = new_levels_by_class elseif not new_levels_by_class then intersection = existing_levels_by_class else intersection = {} for existing_var, _ in pairs(existing_levels_by_class) do if new_levels_by_class[existing_var] then intersection[existing_var] = true end end if not next(intersection) then return false -- no intersection, reject this pronunciation end end retval[class] = intersection end return retval end local function union_each_class(existing_class_levels, new_class_levels) local retval = {} for class, _ in pairs(variation_classes) do local existing_levels_by_class = existing_class_levels[class] local new_levels_by_class = new_class_levels[class] local union if not existing_levels_by_class or not new_levels_by_class then union = nil else union = {} for existing_var, _ in pairs(existing_levels_by_class) do union[existing_var] = true end for new_var, _ in pairs(new_levels_by_class) do union[new_var] = true end if m_table.size(union) == #variation_classes[class].levels then -- the union includes all possible elements union = nil end end retval[class] = union end return retval end local function insert_pron_or_merge(existing_prons, newpron) local found_existing = false for i = 1, #existing_prons do if existing_prons[i].output == newpron.output then existing_prons[i].levels_by_class = union_each_class(existing_prons[i].levels_by_class, newpron.levels_by_class) found_existing = true break end end if not found_existing then insert(existing_prons, newpron) end end -- Apply an ordered list of {pattern, replacement} substitutions. The pattern is always a string, but it may contain the -- following special shorthand symbols: -- * ! for a (sub)component boundary; -- * !! for a (sub)component boundary or a primary stress internal to the subcomponent (after which <p>, <t> and <k> are -- aspirated; <f> voiceless; and <g> a stop); -- * @ for optional explicit secondary stress or syllable division internal to a subcomponent; -- * @! for required explicit secondary stress or syllable division internal to a subcomponent. -- Note that, since all these symbols may match multiple possible characters, they should always be contained within -- groups (i.e. inside of parens), with appropriate group references in the replacement. The replacement can either be a -- string (for a single output) or a list of multiple possible outputs, each of which is a table containing fields -- `replace` (the replacement string itself) and `var` (the variant or variants describing the register, formality, -- etc.; either a string specifying a single variant, or a list of variants). local function apply(w, rules) local outw = w for _, rule in ipairs(rules) do if type(rule) ~= "table" then error("Expected rule to be a table but saw " .. dump(rule)) end local from = rule[1]:gsub("@!", "[.\5\4]"):gsub("@", "[.\5\4]?"):gsub("!!", "[#\1-\3]+"):gsub("!", "#[#\1-\3]*") if type(rule[2]) == "string" or type(rule[2]) == "function" or type(rule[2]) == "table" and not rule[2][1] then local to = rule[2] local rept = rule[3] -- a simple rule; apply to each output if #outw == 1 then outw[1].output = ugsub_repeat(outw[1].output, from, to, rept) else local newoutw = {} for i = 1, #outw do local newpron = { output = ugsub_repeat(outw[i].output, from, to, rept), levels_by_class = outw[i].levels_by_class, } insert_pron_or_merge(newoutw, newpron) end outw = newoutw end else -- multiple possibilities local newoutw = {} for i = 1, #outw do for j = 1, #rule[2] do -- Determine whether the given possibility is applicable. We separate the variations listed for -- each possibility into the corresponding classes and levels. If no level is specified for a given -- class, the possibility is assumed to apply to all levels for that class. We take the intersection -- of the levels of the possibility with the existing levels of the pronunciation we will be -- applying the possibility to, and reject that possibility if the intersection is empty. local rulespec = rule[2][j] local new_levels_by_class if not rulespec.var then new_levels_by_class = outw[i].levels_by_class else local vars = rulespec.var if type(vars) == "string" then vars = {vars} end local this_levels_by_class = separate_variations_into_classes_and_levels(vars) new_levels_by_class = intersect_each_class(outw[i].levels_by_class, this_levels_by_class) end if new_levels_by_class ~= false then local newpron = { output = ugsub_repeat(outw[i].output, from, rulespec.replace, rulespec.rept), levels_by_class = new_levels_by_class, } insert_pron_or_merge(newoutw, newpron) end end end outw = newoutw end end return outw end local function concatenate_horizontally(part1_pronuns, part2_pronuns, concatfun) local retval = {} for _, pronun1 in ipairs(part1_pronuns) do for _, pronun2 in ipairs(part2_pronuns) do local new_levels_by_class = intersect_each_class(pronun1.levels_by_class, pronun2.levels_by_class) if new_levels_by_class ~= false then insert(retval, { output = concatfun(pronun1.output, pronun2.output), levels_by_class = new_levels_by_class, }) end end end return retval end -- Determine the stressed syllable, if any, of each high-level component in the word (high-level components are -- separated by --). Mark primary stress using \1 = ^A (not the primary stress symbol ˈ so that Lua patterns using it -- can use the regular, much-faster pattern matching in place of the PHP versions), and convert any explicitly -- user-specified primary stress using the IPA symbol ˈ to \1. Mark word-initial or high-level-component-initial -- secondary stress using \2, and convert any initial user-specified secondary-stress using IPA ˌ to \2; this is assumed -- to apply to the entire component. If the user included explicit non-initial secondary stress using IPA ˌ, convert to -- \4; this doesn't prevent assignment of component-level stress. The user can explicitly prevent adding -- component-initial stress either by putting the primary stress mark elsewhere or adding a period (.) at the beginning -- of any component or subcomponent (which we convert to \3). Finally, convert ‿ to \5; this joins multiple words into -- a single phonetic unit. -- -- With multiple components, if any word has primary stress in it, all remaining components not specifically marked for -- stress (either using a primary stress anywhere in the word, initial secondary stress or initial period to indicate -- lack of stress) get marked with initial secondary stress (\2). Otherwise, the first word not specifically marked for -- stress gets primary stress (\1) and the remainder not specifically marked for stress get secondary stress. If -- there's only one component (as in most cases), we don't handle it specially here, but we do elsewhere in -- determine_secondary_stresses(); subcomponent boundaries (marked with single hyphen, i.e. -) can get secondary stress -- as well as (in some cases) syllables internal to a subcomponent. When there are multiple high-level components, -- subcomponent boundaries not explicitly marked with a stress indicator always get a period separator, and internal -- syllables never get marked. local function mark_stress(word) -- Word-initial hyphen marks a suffix; treat as if marking no-stress unless it's followed by an explicit stress or -- no-stress marker, in which case we just delete it. Word-final hyphen marks a prefix; delete it since prefixes -- are normally stressed. Also, since we convert initial secondary stress marker to \2 before processing an initial -- hyphen, we have to account for that hyphen's presence. word = word:gsub("ˈ", "\1"):gsub("^(%-?)ˌ", "%1\2"):gsub("ˌ", "\4"):gsub("^%-([\1\2\4.])", "%1"):gsub("^%-", "\3") :gsub("%-$", ""):gsub("%-ˌ", "-\2"):gsub("^%.", "\3"):gsub("%-%.", "-\3"):gsub("‿", "\5") local components = split(word, "%-%-") local component_has_primary_stress = false for i, component in ipairs(components) do if component:find("\1") then component_has_primary_stress = true end end for i, component in ipairs(components) do if i == 1 and unstressed_words[word] then component = "\3" .. component elseif component:find("\1") or component:find("^[\2\3]") then -- Do nothing; either primary stress (anywhere in the component) or secondary stress mark or no-stress mark -- at the beginning of the component (it can also be at the beginning of a non-initial subcomponent, which -- doesn't negate the need to put stress at the beginning of the component). elseif component_has_primary_stress or i > 1 then component = "\2" .. component else component = "\1" .. component end -- Convert subcomponent (hyphen) boundaries to #. components[i] = component:gsub("%-", "#") end -- High-level component boundaries get marked with ##, as do word edges. return "##" .. concat(components, "##") .. "##" end -- Mark vowel length on vowel nuclei of syllables with primary stress and subcomponent-initial secondary stress. -- -- Long if: 0 or 1 consonant follows (before next vowel or subcomponent end). -- Short if: 2+ consonants follow (cluster or geminate), unless the cluster is -- one of the transparent clusters ptksbd + vjr (e.g. pr, kr, tv, tj, kv, br, dr). -- x counts as 2 consonants (represents /ks/). -- Always short before the sequence -gi-/-j-/-gj- (diphthongization environment) except for í and ý, and -- not in the south and south-rounded dialect. -- -- In a compound, the same rules apply to the last subcomponent, but otherwise a -- stressed syllable in a single-syllable subcomponent is lengthened only when either -- the subcomponent ends in a vowel, the next subcomponent begins with a vowel or h + vowel, -- or the subcomponent ends in a single written <p>, <t>, <k> or <s>. local function determine_vowel_length(subcomponent, next_subcomponent, dialect) local chars = explode_to_list(subcomponent) local n = #chars local result = {} -- The initial syllable is stressed unless (a) the subcomponent is explicitly marked for no stress or (b) there's -- a primary stress anywhere in the subcomponent. In the case of (b), whichever syllable is marked for primary -- stress will get stressed (usually the initial syllable). local syllable_stressed = not subcomponent:find("^\3") and not subcomponent:find("\1") local i = 1 while i <= n do local c = chars[i] if c == "\1" then -- primary stress (anywhere in the subcomponent) or subcomponent-initial secondary stress -- (other secondary stresses are marked with \4) syllable_stressed = true insert(result, c) i = i + 1 else -- Check for vowel digraphs first: au, ei, ey local nucleus, nlen if i < n then local two = c .. chars[i + 1] if two == "au" or two == "ei" or two == "ey" then nucleus, nlen = two, 2 end end if not nucleus and vowel_set[c] then nucleus, nlen = c, 1 end if nucleus then local long = false local j = i + nlen -- index of first character after the nucleus if chars[j] == BREVE then nlen = nlen + 1 elseif chars[j] == "ː" then nlen = nlen + 1 long = true elseif syllable_stressed then -- Count orthographic consonant letters following the nucleus. Skip past special symbols -- (underscore, plus, parens). Don't skip past explicit syllable divider or stress mark. local count = 0 local c1, c2 = nil, nil local k = j local last_cons = nil while k <= n do local cc = chars[k] if cc == "_" or cc == "+" or cc == "(" or cc == ")" then k = k + 1 elseif consonant_set[cc] then last_cons = cc if count == 0 then c1 = cc end if count == 1 then c2 = cc end count = count + (cc == "x" and 2 or 1) -- x = /ks/ = 2 consonants k = k + 1 elseif count > 0 and cc == "ː" then -- gemination marker after a consonant, possibly in parens if count == 1 then c2 = last_cons end count = count + 1 k = k + 1 else break end end -- -gi-/-gj-/-j- special case: vowel (other than <í>/<ý>) is always short (and diphthongized) before -- <gi>, <gj> and <j>, but <í>/<ý> is long (including before -gj-); -- it's ok if j > n in chars[j + 1], we just get nil local before_gi = c1 == "j" or c1 == "g" and (chars[j + 1] == "i" or chars[j + 1] == "j") -- At this point, j is the index of the first character after the stressed vowel -- nucleus, and k is the index of the first character after any consonant cluster -- following the vowel nucleus. Either may be > n (the number of characters in the -- subcomponent). if next_subcomponent and k > n then -- Non-final subcomponent, single-syllable subcomponent. if count == 0 then long = true -- subcomponent ends in a vowel elseif count == 1 and ptks[c1] then long = true -- ends in a single orthographic <p>, <t>, <k>, <s>, <b> or <d> elseif count == 1 then local first_next = usub(next_subcomponent, 1, 1) local second_next = usub(next_subcomponent, 2, 2) if vowel_set[first_next] or first_next == "h" and vowel_set[second_next] then -- next subcomponent begins with a vowel or h + vowel (<hé> doesn't count but has -- already been transformed to <hje>) long = true else long = false end else long = false end else if before_gi then long = nucleus == "í" or nucleus == "ý" or nucleus == "i" or nucleus == "y" or dialect == "south" or dialect == "south-rounded" elseif count <= 1 then long = true elseif count == 2 and ptks[c1] and c2 and vjr[c2] then long = true -- transparent cluster: stays long else long = false end end end insert(result, nucleus) if long then insert(result, "ː") end i = i + nlen syllable_stressed = false else insert(result, c) i = i + 1 end end end return concat(result) end -- Syllabify a word composed of phones (not letters) by adding a period (.) between each syllable. Respect periods, -- primary/secondary stress markers and tie bars (‿, converted to \5) that may already be present, added in the -- respelling or during mark_stress(). local function syllabify(word) -- Assume any unknown character is a consonant. "Vowels" are only those in the Vall range as well as any following -- ː, possibly in parens. The algorithm for placing the syllable divider is that it goes to the left of a rightmost -- ptks+vjr cluster, otherwise to the left of the rightmost consonant. local clusters = split(word, "([" .. Vall .. "][ː()]*)") for i = 3, #clusters - 2, 2 do local cluster = clusters[i] if not cluster:find("[.\1-\5]") then -- Check for the case where the user put an explicit syllable boundary or primary stress. -- Note that we're operating on phones here, not letters, so kj will have already been converted to C.c, -- but that is fine because it gets treated as a single phone. cluster = ugsub(cluster, "^(.-)(%(?[" .. C.p .. C.t .. C.k .. C.s .. "]%)?%(?[" .. C.v .. C.j .. C.r .. "]%)?)$", "%1.%2") end if not cluster:find("[.\1-\5]") then -- ptks+vjr not found cluster = ugsub(cluster, "^(.-)(%(?.%)?)$", "%1.%2") end if not cluster:find("[.\1-\5]") then -- no characters probably cluster = "." .. cluster end clusters[i] = cluster end return concat(clusters) end -- If a syllable begins with consonant gemination, i.e. ː, convert it to the preceding consonant. If a syllable begins -- with optional consonant gemination, i.e. (ː), convert it to the preceding consonant and put parens around the -- preceding consonant. This is used when adding a secondary stress to the syllable. local function resolve_consonant_gemination(prev_syllable, syllable) if syllable:find("^ː") then local last_cons = umatch(prev_syllable, "(.)%)?$") if not last_cons then mw.log(("WARNING: ː (consonant gemination) not preceded by consonant: syllable=%s, prev_syllable=%s"):format( syllable, prev_syllable )) else syllable = last_cons .. usub(syllable, 2) end elseif syllable:find("^" .. Solc) then local last_cons = umatch(prev_syllable, "(.)%)?$") if not last_cons then mw.log(("WARNING: Solc (optional consonant gemination) not preceded by consonant: syllable=%s, prev_syllable=%s"):format( syllable, prev_syllable )) else if not prev_syllable:find("%)$") then prev_syllable = usub(prev_syllable, 1, -2) .. "(" .. last_cons .. ")" end syllable = last_cons .. usub(syllable, 2) end end return prev_syllable, syllable end local function syllable_boundary_empty_or_tie_bar(boundary) return boundary == "" or boundary == "\5" end -- Determine secondary stresses for a single output of a word. This does not operate when there are multiple -- high-level components; in that case we use a simpler algorithm. local function determine_single_output_secondary_stresses(output, disable_internal_stresses) local subcomponents = split(output, "#+") -- At the beginning of processing a subcomponent, this tells how many syllables were previously processed after the -- last stress mark. It will always be at least 1 except for when processing the first component, in which case it -- will be nil. local syllables_since_stress -- Loop over all subcomponents. Since the word begins and ends with ##, the first and last subcomponents are blank. for i = 2, #subcomponents - 1 do local subcomponent = subcomponents[i] local syllabified_subcomponent = syllabify(subcomponent) local syllables = split(syllabified_subcomponent, "([.\1-\5])") if syllables[1] ~= "" then -- Subcomponent doesn't begin with explicit stress; move the first syllable to position 3 to align -- this case with the one where the subcomponent does begin with explicit stress. insert(syllables, 1, "") insert(syllables, 1, "") end -- Eliminate all dots indicating syllable boundaries. for j = 3, #syllables, 2 do if syllables[j - 1] == "." then syllables[j - 1] = "" end end local num_syllables = (#syllables - 1) / 2 -- actual number of syllables in subcomponent if num_syllables < 3 then -- One or two actual syllables in subcomponent. We only need to determine whether to put, at subcomponent -- beginning, either secondary stress, no stress (.), or nothing at all (if explcit stress is already -- present). We will never place internal stress if it isn't already there. if syllables[4] and not syllable_boundary_empty_or_tie_bar(syllables[4]) then -- Two-syllable subcomponent with explicit stress on second syllable. if syllables_since_stress and syllables[2] == "" then -- A stress can't directly precede another, so give non-initial components a component boundary -- marker unless there's an explicit stress already. syllables[2] = "." end -- When we process the next subcomponent, its first syllable will be following a stressed syllable. syllables_since_stress = 1 elseif not syllables_since_stress then -- Beginning of word; note that we've already marked primary stress in words that need it. (If there -- isn't primary stress, it means the user explicitly either put primary or secondary stress on a later -- syllable, put secondary stress on the first syllable, or put a dot (= no stress) on the first -- syllable. syllables_since_stress = num_syllables elseif not syllable_boundary_empty_or_tie_bar(syllables[2]) then -- subcomponent already has explicit initial stress. Since the subcomponent has at most two syllables, we -- don't need to put any non-initial secondary stress. syllables_since_stress = num_syllables elseif not syllables[4] and i < #subcomponents - 1 and subcomponents[i + 1]:find("^[\1-\3]") then -- One-syllable subcomponent with explicit stress at beginning of next subcomponent. if syllables[2] == "" then -- not explicitly marked with tie bar syllables[2] = "." end -- It doesn't in fact matter what we put here because the code that processes the next subcomponent will -- see the initial stress and reset `syllables_since_stress`. syllables_since_stress = syllables_since_stress + 1 else if syllables_since_stress >= 2 then -- Preceding stress was two or more syllables before us and there's not a directly following -- explicit stress, so we put a secondary stress. syllables[2] = "\2" syllables_since_stress = num_syllables else if syllables[2] == "" then -- not explicitly marked with tie bar syllables[2] = "." end syllables_since_stress = syllables_since_stress + num_syllables end end else -- Three or more syllables. Unlike with one or two syllable subcomponents, we always place a stress at the -- beginning of the subcomponent (unless there is explicit stress on the first or second syllable). We also -- place alternating stresses after each stress (i.e. 2, 4, ... syllables after a stressed syllable), -- subject to the provisos that we can't stress the final syllable of a subcomponent, nor (more generally) -- any syllable where the next syllable has primary or secondary stress. (In fact, the last subcomponent -- of the last syllable of a word can be stress if it's not an inflectional syllable, as in [[september]], -- [[kabarett]] or [[Aristóteles]], but it's difficult to automatically distinguish them from the more -- common case of inflectional final syllables, so we require that such syllables be marked manually.) In -- the following, keep in mind that the actual syllables are at odd numbered positions starting with 3. -- Position 1 should always be a blank string and even numbered positions are the primary or secondary -- stress markers (\1, \2 or \4), no-stress markers (\3) or syllable boundary markers (. or \5) before the -- actual syllables. This means we need to divide syllable positions by 2 (after subtracting 1 to account -- for the initial blank syllable) to get the actual number of syllables. local preceding_syllable_stressed = false if not syllables_since_stress then syllables_since_stress = 0 end for j = 3, #syllables - 2, 2 do -- skip the last syllable since we can't give it a stress if not syllable_boundary_empty_or_tie_bar(syllables[j - 1]) then -- explicit stress (or no-stress marker) on this syllable preceding_syllable_stressed = true syllables_since_stress = 1 elseif preceding_syllable_stressed then preceding_syllable_stressed = false syllables_since_stress = syllables_since_stress + 1 elseif not syllable_boundary_empty_or_tie_bar(syllables[j + 1]) then -- next syllable stressed, can't stress this one syllables_since_stress = syllables_since_stress + 1 else if not disable_internal_stresses then syllables[j - 2], syllables[j] = resolve_consonant_gemination(syllables[j - 2], syllables[j]) -- \2 vs. \4 doesn't matter at this point, since we're about to convert both to IPA secondary stress syllables[j - 1] = "\2" end preceding_syllable_stressed = true syllables_since_stress = 1 end end if not syllable_boundary_empty_or_tie_bar(syllables[#syllables - 1]) then -- explicit user stress on final syllable syllables_since_stress = 1 else syllables_since_stress = syllables_since_stress + 1 end if i > 2 and syllables[2] == "" then -- first syllable of non-initial subcomponent and it doesn't have a stress; add . for subcomponent -- boundary syllables[2] = "." end end -- Concatenate, including any added secondary stress marks but removing dots marking other syllable -- boundaries. subcomponents[i] = concat(syllables) end subcomponents[1] = "" -- erase word-initial ## subcomponents[#subcomponents] = "" -- erase word-final ## return concat(subcomponents) end -- Determine secondary stresses and mark other (sub)component boundaries with a period (.). local function determine_secondary_stresses(w, disable_internal_stresses) for _, word in ipairs(w) do local output = word.output if output:find(".##.") then -- Word has multiple high-level components. We already marked primary and secondary stress using \1 and \2 -- in mark_stress(). We simple mark component and subcomponent boundaries with . unless it's already marked -- with \1 (primary stress), \2 (secondary stress), \4 (user-specified secondary stress in the middle of -- a word; we normally shouldn't see this after a period), \3 (no stress) or \5 (tie bar). output = output:sub(3, #output - 2) -- remove initial and final ## output = output:gsub("#+", "."):gsub("%.([\1-\5])", "%1") else output = determine_single_output_secondary_stresses(output, disable_internal_stresses) end word.output = output:gsub("\1", "ˈ"):gsub("[\2\4]", "ˌ"):gsub("\3", ""):gsub("\5", "‿") end end -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Step 3 machinery: phonological rules as ordered pattern substitutions. -- -- Strategy: First convert every orthographic vowel to a unique private-use-area -- (PUA) token. This lets the consonant rules reference vowel context (front vs. -- back, the J-set for palatalization) without character collisions, and means -- that once a consonant becomes a token it can never be re-matched by a later -- rule that targets an orthographic letter. At the very end every token is -- detokenized to its final IPA string (Steps 4–5). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- This function converts `w` (an object describing the pronunciation(s) of a word) from respellings to IPA -- pronunciations. In general, `w` is a list of pronunciations, each of which is an object with an `output` field -- (a string) containing the pronunciation, and a `levels_by_class` field describing the associated register, speed, -- etc. of this pronunciation, structured as a table mapping class names (e.g. "formality", "speed") to sets of -- levels that apply for this class (e.g. a set containing "natural" and "allegro" for the class "speed"). On input, -- there is only a single pronunciation with `levels_by_class` an empty table, with the pronunciation being the -- input respelling with some transformations already applied; notably, ## is added to the beginning and end of the -- word, hyphens marking (sub)component boundaries have been converted to #, and length marks have been added after long -- vowels per determine_vowel_length(). On output, there may be multiple pronunciations, where the `output` field -- of each pronunciation is in IPA and the `levels_by_class` table is filled in (if a particular class is missing in the -- `levels_by_class` table, it means that all possible levels apply). `dialect` specifies the dialect to generate the -- pronunciation of, and can be either "north", "northeast", "south", "south-rounded" or nil for the standard dialect. -- `disable_internal_stresses` is used by bots that convert raw IPA to respelling and causes stresses in the middle of a -- (sub)component of 3 or more syllables to be omitted. local function convert(w, dialect, disable_internal_stresses) local orig_respelling = w[1].output -- for debugging purposes ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.0: some special cases ------------------------------------------------------------------ w = apply(w, { {"(!)gu(ː?)ð", "%1gvu%2ð"},-- special case for guð-, Guð- }) ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.1: vowels → tokens ------------------------------------------------------------------ w = apply(w, { -- A1: digraphs (longest first) {"au", Voei}, {"ei", Vei}, {"ey", Vei}, }) if dialect ~= "south" and dialect ~= "south-rounded" then local function diphthongize_gi(v, length, gij) if v == "i" or v == "y" or length == "" then return (lax_back_vowel_front_diphthongize_map[v] or lax_front_vowel_diphthongize_map[v]) .. length .. gij else return v .. length .. gij end end -- A2: monophthong diphthongized + shortened (unless i or y) before -gi-, -gj-, -j- w = apply(w, { {"([" .. lax_vowels .. "])(ː?)(@gi)", diphthongize_gi}, -- -gj- and -j- must be followed by a vowel (not in [[sloj]], [[oj]], <Maj> respelling of [[Maí]]) {"([" .. lax_vowels .. "])(ː?)(@g?j[" .. Vall .. "])", diphthongize_gi}, }) end w = apply(w, { -- A3: monophthong diphthongized before ng / nk; this must precede all consonant assimilations because -- even if the [ŋ] ends up disappearing or transforming to [n] (e.g. in <punktur> pʰun̥tʏr, with tensed vowel -- despite the [ŋ] disappearing), or an [ŋ] appears that wasn't originally present (e.g. in <hrygnt> [r̥ɪŋ̊t], -- with lax vowel despite secondary [ŋ]), we need to preserve the vowel quality. {"([" .. lax_vowels .. "])(n+[gk])", function(v, ngk) return (lax_back_vowel_back_diphthongize_map[v] or lax_front_vowel_diphthongize_map[v]) .. ngk end}, -- A4: plain vowels (the length marker ː stays in place after the token) {"á", Vau}, {"ó", Vou}, {"ú", Vuu}, {"æ", Vai}, -- <é> was replaced with <je> early on {"a", Va}, {"e", Ve}, {"í", Vii}, {"i", Vi}, {"o", Vo}, {"u", Vu}, {"ý", Vii}, {"y", Vi_from_y}, {"ö", Voe}, }) ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.2: (sub)component-initial stops and h -- Anchored on # or \1; (sub)component-initial stops are aspirated and fricatives devoiced even in unstressed -- words, as in unstressed <fyrir>, but also after non-initial primary stress as in <atarna> ------------------------------------------------------------------ if dialect == "south" then w = apply(w, {{"(!!)hv", "%1" .. C.x}}) -- hv-pronunciation: [x] elseif dialect == "south-rounded" then w = apply(w, {{"(!!)hv", "%1" .. C.xw}}) -- rounded hv-pronunciation: [xʷ] else w = apply(w, {{"(!!)hv", "%1" .. C.kh .. C.v}}) -- standard: [kʰv] end w = apply(w, { -- initial hj/hl/hn/hr -> aspirated sonorant {"(!!)h([jlnr])", function(boundary, jlnr) return boundary .. orth_to_asp_pua_map[jlnr] end}, {"(!!)h", "%1" .. C.h}, -- initial h + vowel -- gj → c, kj → cʰ (j absorbed) {"(!!)([gk])j", function(boundary, gk) return boundary .. orth_velar_stop_to_palatal_pua_map[gk] end}, -- g + J → c, k + J -> cʰ {"(!!)([gk])([" .. J .. "])", function(boundary, gk, j_after) return boundary .. orth_velar_stop_to_palatal_pua_map[gk] .. j_after end}, -- map remaining initial stops to PUA equivalents {"(!!)([ptkbdg])", function(boundary, stop) return boundary .. orth_to_asp_pua_map[stop] end}, }) ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.3: consonant clusters (longest / most specific first) ------------------------------------------------------------------ w = apply(w, { -- NOTE: For clusters ending in -r or -s, we should keep <r> or <s> and not convert to a PUA, so that a -- following <rn>, <sl> etc. gets the <t> epenthesized. This is needed e.g. for <tengsl>. -- (a) Special handling of geminates before other consonants and kj/gj -- kkj, ggj, llC where C is not s/t/d are special; all other cases of C₁ːC₂ reduce to C₁C₂ {"k(@)kj", C.h .. "%1" .. kPAL}, -- blekkja, þekkja {"k(@)k([" .. J .. "])", C.h .. "%1" .. kPAL .. "%2"}, {"ggj", gPAL .. Solc}, -- byggja {"g(@!)gj", "(" .. gPAL .. ")%1" .. gPAL}, {"gg([" .. J .. "])", gPAL .. Solc .. "%1"}, {"g(@!)g([" .. J .. "])", "(" .. gPAL .. ")%1" .. gPAL .. "%2"}, {"([gk])j", orth_velar_stop_to_special_palatal_pua_map}, -- -gi- after a vowel gets palatalized and ultimately becomes [j]; also include [i] raised from [ɪ] {"([" .. Vall .. "]ː?@)g([" .. Vi .. Vii_from_i .. "])", "%1" .. gPAL .. "%2"}, -- temporarily substitute intervocalic g so it won't otherwise get palatalized {"([" .. Vall .. "]ː?@)g([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1" .. C.temp .. "%2"}, -- palatalize [gk] before front vowels; but not <g> before front vowels other than <i> (e.g. in [[lager]], [[Waage]]) {"([gk])([" .. J .. "])", function(gk, j_after) return orth_velar_stop_to_special_palatal_pua_map[gk] .. j_after end}, {C.temp, "g"}, -- restore <g> between vowels (except before <i>) {"ll(@[std])", "l%1"}, {"ll(@[+" .. Call .. "])", C.t .. C.hl .. "%1"}, -- Preaspiration of kk, pp, tt before [vjr] (e.g. hrökkva); this also occurs before [ln], but it happens as well -- with single [kl], [pn], etc. and it's handled by a different rule below. Note that this does not happen -- before all consonants, particularly not before <t> (krepptur, svekktur, etc.). {"([" .. Vall .. "])([kpt])(@)%2(@[vjr])", "%1" .. C.h .. "%3%2%4"}, -- -ggv- as in [[höggva]] is pronounced geminate; presumably this happens to all similar cases involving CCR -- where CR = ptks + vjr. {"([" .. Vall .. "])([gbds])%2(@[vjr])", "%1%2ː%3"}, {"([" .. Vall .. "])([gbds])(@!)%2(@[vjr])", "%1%2%3%2%4"}, -- Similar for -ffr- (saffran), -ffl- (vaffla), presumably -ffj-. Use C.f so it can't be voiced to [v]. {"([" .. Vall .. "])ff(@[jlr])", "%1" .. C.f .. "ː%2"}, {"([" .. Vall .. "])f(@!)f(@[jlr])", "%1" .. C.f .. "%2" .. C.f .. "%3"}, -- Other cases of geminates before a consonant simplify (e.g. firrtur, pronounced with single voiceless r; -- normally, <rr> is a long trill that does not devoice before voiceless consonants); not yet across a -- (sub)component boundary because of -tt, -ánn, etc. {"([" .. Call .. "])%1(@[" .. Call .. "])", "%1%2"}, -- also do cases where Solc already is in place to handle e.g. <ll:> and <nn:> before a consonant {"([" .. Call .. "])" .. Solc .. "(@[" .. Call .. "])", "%1%2"}, -- (b) 5 consonant clusters; FIXME: these are guesses based on the respective 4-consonant outputs in Eiríkur, -- since no clusters with 5 consonants are specifically given. {"rnsk(@)t", "(" .. C.r .. ")" .. C.n .. C.s .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- bernskt {"rnsks", "(" .. C.r .. ")" .. C.n .. C.s .. "(" .. C.k .. "s)"}, -- bernsks {"rnsk(@!)s", "(" .. C.r .. ")" .. C.n .. C.s .. C.k .. "%1s"}, -- bernsks -- (c) 4 consonant clusters; things like -rrst and -ggnd count as 3 letters and -ggnst as 4 letters because -- we already reduced geminate consonants next to other consonants. Do 4-consonant clusters before -- 3-consonant ones. -- (c.1) 4-consonant clusters beginning with <g> {"gn(@)s(@)t", C.ng .. "%1" .. C.s .. "%2" .. C.t}, -- skyggnst -- (c.2) 4-consonant clusters beginning with <l> {"([ln])sks", function(ln) return orth_to_unasp_pua_map[ln] .. C.s .. "(" .. C.k .. "s)" end}, -- falsks; fransks {"([ln])sk(@!)s", function(ln, syldiv) return orth_to_unasp_pua_map[ln] .. C.s .. C.k .. syldiv .. "s" end}, {"([ln])sk(@)t", function(ln, syldiv) return orth_to_unasp_pua_map[ln] .. C.s .. syldiv .. C.t end}, -- pólskt; finnskt -- (c.3) 4-consonant clusters beginning with <n> {"ngd(@)s", C.ng .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- strengds -- nsks above under lsks -- nskt above under lskt -- (c.4) 4-consonant clusters beginning with <r> {"r[kp]t(@)s", C.hr .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- styrkts; skerpts {"rn(@)s(@)k", "(" .. C.r .. ")" .. C.n .. "%1" .. C.s .. "%2" .. C.k}, -- bernska {"rsks", { -- þorsks {replace = C.hr .. "s", var = {"natural", "careful"}}, {replace = C.s .. C.k .. "s", var = {"natural", "careful"}}, {replace = C.s .. "ː", var = "allegro"}, }}, {"rsk(@!)s", { {replace = C.hr .. "%1s", var = {"natural", "careful"}}, {replace = C.s .. C.k .. "%1s", var = {"natural", "careful"}}, {replace = "s%1s", var = "allegro"}, }}, {"rsk(@)t", "(" .. C.hr .. ")" .. C.s .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- gerskt -- r?sts needs to precede r[fkp]?st because the latter affects rst, which is part of rsts {"rsts", { -- fyrsts {replace = C.s .. "ː", var = "allegro"}, {replace = C.s .. C.t .. "s", var = {"careful", "natural"}}, }}, {"rst(@!)s", { {replace = "s%1s", var = "allegro"}, {replace = C.s .. C.t .. "%1s", var = {"natural", "careful"}}, }}, {"r[fkp]?(@)s(@)t", "(" .. C.hr .. ")%1" .. C.s .. "%2" .. C.t}, -- horfst; styrkst; skerpst; berst -- (d) 3 consonant clusters -- (d.1) beginning with <f> {"fl(@)d", "(" .. C.v .. ")" .. C.l .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- efldi {"fl(@)t", C.hl .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- teflt {"fn(@)d", C.m .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- hefndi; not a mistake, fn mutually assimilates to m {"fn(@)s", { -- hrafns {replace = C.p .. C.hn .. "%1s", var = "careful"}, {replace = C.f .. "%1s", var = {"natural", "allegro"}}, }}, {"fn(@)t", C.hm .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- jafnt; not a mistake, fn mutually assimilates to m, which is aspirated by the preaspiration of t {"ft(@)s", C.f .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- lofts -- (d.2) beginning with <g> or <k> {"gl(@)d", C.l .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- sigldi {"gl(@)t", C.hl .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- siglt {"gn(@)d", C.ng .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- rigndi {"gn(@)s", { -- gagns {replace = C.k .. C.hn .. "%1s", var = "careful"}, {replace = C.x .. "%1s", var = {"natural", "allegro"}}, }}, {"[gk]n(@)t", C.hng .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- hrygnt; sýknt {"[gk]t(@)s", C.x .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- gjögts; svekkts -- (d.3) beginning with <l> {"ld(@)g", C.l .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1" .. C.k}, -- holdgast, hildga/hyldga {"ld(@)" .. gPAL, C.l .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1" .. C.c}, -- holdgist, etc. {"ld(@)s", C.l .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- þvælds {"l[fg](@)d", C.l .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- hvolfdi, fylgdi {"l(@)f(@)r", C.l .. "%1" .. "(" .. C.v .. ")%2r"}, -- ýlfra {"lf(@)s", C.l .. "(" .. C.f .. ")s"}, -- úlfs {"l[fk](@)t", C.hl .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- tólfti, velktur {"lg(@)n", C.l .. "%1" .. C.n}, -- volgna {"l([kp])(@)s", { -- fólks; hvolps {replace = C.l .. "%2s", var = {"natural", "allegro"}}, {replace = function(kp, syldiv) return C.hl .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[kp] .. syldiv .. "s" end, var = "careful"}, }}, {"lt(@)s", C.hl .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- gyllts -- (d.4) beginning with <m> {"mb(@)d", C.m .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- rembdist {"mb(@)s", C.m .. "%1s"}, -- lambs {"mb(@)t", C.hm .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- kembt {"md(@)s", C.m .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- límds {"mp(@)s", { -- svamps {replace = C.hm .. C.p .. "%1s", var = "careful"}, {replace = C.m .. "%1s", var = {"natural", "allegro"}}, }}, -- (d.5) beginning with <n> {"nd(@)g", C.n .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1" .. C.k}, -- syndga, yndga {"nd(@)" .. gPAL, C.n .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1" .. C.c}, -- syndgi, syndgir, etc. {"nd(@)s", C.n .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- sands {"ng(@)d", C.ng .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- hringdi {"ng(@)l", C.ng .. "%1" .. C.l}, -- England {"n(@!)gl", C.ng .. "%1" .. C.k .. C.l}, {"ng(@)n", "(" .. C.ng .. ")%1" .. C.n}, -- lungna {"ng(@)s", C.ng .. "%1s"}, -- hangs, tengsl {"ng(@)t", C.hng .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- tengt {"nk(@)s", C.hng .. "(" .. C.k .. ")%1s"}, -- dynks {"nk(@)t", { -- punktur, Sankti Pétursborg {replace = C.hng .. "(" .. C.k .. ")%1" .. C.t, var = "careful"}, {replace = C.hn .. "%1" .. C.t, var = {"natural", "allegro"}}, }}, -- (d.6) beginning with <p> {"pt(@)s", C.f .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1s"}, -- teppts -- (d.7) beginning with <r> -- NOTE: of the following six clusters, Eiríkur lists pronuunciations for 5, omitting <rgl>. By analogy, it -- should be pronounced [rtl], and I assume this. -rgl- seems to occur only in 4-5 verbs: -- * <sargla> "to clatter, to rattle, to make a scraping sound" (literary) -- * <svargla> "[ditto]" (rare) -- * <snörgla> "to wheeze, to snort, to rattle in the throat" (archaic) -- * <gúrgla> "to gargle" (archaic) -- * <gurgla> "[ditto]" (Google says this is the modern replacement for <gúrgla> but it appears to be wrong -- and in fact <gurgla> is obsolete, not even in BÍN) -- Google says <rgl> is pronounced [r̥kl] but this is clearly wrong; the unvoiced [r̥] in particular would -- definitely not be expected before <g>. {"r[ðfg](@)l", C.r .. C.t .. "%1" .. C.l}, -- sperðlar; hvarfla; sargla~svargla/gúrgla~gurgla/snörgla {"r[ðfg](@)n", C.r .. C.t .. "%1" .. C.n}, -- harðna; horfnir; morgna -- FIXME: Do we need r(@!)fl, r(@!)gl? {"rf(@)ð", C.r .. "(" .. C.v .. ")%1" .. C.dh}, -- horfði; dirð {"rg(@)ð", C.r .. "(" .. C.k .. ")%1" .. C.dh}, -- mergð -- rfl above -- rfn above {"rf(@)s", C.r .. "(" .. C.f .. ")%1s"}, -- orfs -- rfst in 4-char section above {"r[fgkp](@)t", C.hr .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- horft; margt; myrkt; skyrpti -- rgð above -- rgn above {"rg(@)s", C.r .. "(" .. C.k .. ")%1s"}, -- dvergs -- rgt above {"r([kpt])(@)s", function(kpt, syldiv) return C.hr .. "(" .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[kpt] .. ")" .. syldiv .. "s" end}, -- sterks; þorps; svarts -- rkst in 4-char section above -- rkt above -- rkts in 4-char section above {"rl(@)s", "((" .. C.r .. ")" .. C.t .. ")" .. C.l .. "%1s"}, -- karls {"rm(@)([ds])", function(syldiv, ds) return "(" .. C.r .. ")" .. C.m .. syldiv .. ds end}, -- þyrmdi, harms {"rm(@)t", "(" .. C.hr .. ")" .. C.hm .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- hermt {"rn(@)d", "(" .. C.r .. ")" .. C.n .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- fyrndur {"rn(@)s", C.hr .. "%1s"}, -- barns -- rnsk in 4-char section above {"rn(@)t", C.hn .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- hyrnt -- rps above under rks -- rpst in 4-char section above -- rpt above -- rpts in 4-char section above {"r(@)s(@)k", "(" .. C.hr .. ")%1" .. C.s .. "%2" .. C.k}, -- norskur {"r(@)s(@)" .. kPAL, "(" .. C.hr .. ")%1" .. C.s .. "%2" .. C.c}, -- fjarski -- rsks in 4-char section above -- rskt in 4-char section above {"r(@)s(@)([ln])", function(syldiv1, syldiv2, ln) return "(" .. C.hr .. ")" .. syldiv1 .. C.s .. C.t .. syldiv2 .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[ln] end}, -- sparsla; versna -- rst in 4-char section above (due to optional consonant after r) -- rsts in 4-char section above -- rts above under rks -- (d.8) beginning with <s> {"s([kpt])s", { -- fisks, rasps, prests {replace = C.s .. "ː", var = {"natural", "allegro"}}, {replace = function(kpt) return C.s .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[kpt] .. "s" end, var = "careful"}, }}, {"s([kpt])(@!)s", { -- fisks, rasps, prests {replace = "s%2s", var = {"natural", "allegro"}}, {replace = function(kpt, syldiv) return C.s .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[kpt] .. syldiv .. "s" end, var = "careful"}, }}, {"sk(@)t", C.s .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- friskt {"st(@)k", C.s .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1" .. C.k}, {"st(@)" .. kPAL, C.s .. "(" .. C.t .. ")%1" .. C.c}, -- systkin -- sts in 4-char section above (due to optional r in rsts) -- (d.9) beginning with <t> {"tns", C.s .. "ː"}, -- vatns {"tn(@!)s", "s%1s"}, -- (3) 2 consonant clusters {"x", "ks"}, -- x → ks; should precede epenthetic t in <sl>, e.g. <jaxl> -> [jakstl] -- epenthetic [t] in rl, rn, sl, sn {"(%(?)([rs])(%)?)(@)([ln])", function(openpar, rs, closepar, syldiv, ln) return openpar .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[rs] .. closepar .. C.t .. syldiv .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[ln] end}, {"ð(@)k", C.th2 .. "%1" .. C.k}, -- ð devoiced before k → θ -- nasal + velar/palatal stop (place + voicing by following segment) {"n(@)" .. kPAL, C.hnj .. "%1" .. C.c}, -- voiceless palatal: banki, þenkja {"n(@)k", C.hng .. "%1" .. C.k}, -- voiceless velar: banka {"n(@)" .. gPAL, C.nj .. "%1" .. C.c}, -- voiced palatal: angi, syngja {"n(@)g", C.ng .. "%1" .. C.k}, -- voiced velar: hanga, langur -- preaspiration of kk, pp, tt (drekka, stoppa, fletta); maintain the [kpt] because we may need to convert -- p -> f later, as in uppfræða {"([" .. Vall .. "])([kpt])(@)%2", "%1" .. C.h .. "%3%2"}, -- nn → tn after a tense vowel / diphthong, else n {"([" .. Vtense .. "]ː?)n(@)n", "%1" .. C.t .. "%2" .. C.n}, {"l(@)l", C.t .. "%1" .. C.l}, -- rr is special and is a long trill (and not devoiced) even word-finally or before a consonant, -- e.g. barr, barri, barrtré, kyrrstæður {"rr", C.r .. "ː"}, {"r(@!)r", C.r .. "%1" .. C.r}, {"ff", C.f .. Solc}, {"f(@!)f", "(" .. C.f .. ")%1" .. C.f}, {"gg", C.k .. Solc}, {"g(@!)g", "(" .. C.k .. ")%1" .. C.k}, -- no gemination before consonant across (sub)component boundary, as in innbú, rassvasi; -- this should go as early as possible, directly after any special handling of written geminates. {"([" .. Call .. "])%1(![" .. Call .. "])", "%1%2"}, -- also do cases where Solc already is in place to handle e.g. <ll:> and <nn:> before a consonant {"([" .. Call .. "])" .. Solc .. "(![" .. Call .. "])", "%1%2"}, -- hagga, etc. {"([bdgfhsþðmnr])%1", function(c) return orth_to_unasp_pua_map[c] .. Solc end}, {"([bdgfhsþðmnr])(@!)%1", function(c, syldiv) return "(" .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[c] .. ")" .. syldiv .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[c] end}, -- preaspiration: p/t/k + l/n {"([" .. Vall .. "])([kpt])(@)([ln])", function(v, kpt, syldiv, ln) return v .. C.h .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[kpt] .. syldiv .. orth_to_unasp_pua_map[ln] end}, -- FIXME: Do we need V(@!)kl, V(@!)pl? {"k(@)t", C.x .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- rakti → x t {"p(@)t", C.f .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- æpti → f t }) ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.4a: stops and fricatives across (sub)component boundaries ------------------------------------------------------------------ w = apply(w, { -- kaupfélag, kaupfar, upp fyrir, uppfræða; kaupsýsla, kauptíð, kauptrygging {"(ː?)(" .. C.h.. "?p)(![fs" .. C.th .. "])", { {replace = "%1%2%3", var = "formal"}, {replace = C.f .. "%3", var = "informal"}, -- preceding length shortens and hp -> f }}, -- kaupmaður, kaupmennska, Kaupmannahöfn {"(ː?)(p!m)", { {replace = "%1%2"}, {replace = C.h .. "%2"}, }}, -- <d> in <ld>, <nd> may drop before <s> across (sub)component boundaries {"([ln])(d)(!s)", "%1(%2)%3"}, }) ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.4b: f realizations -- should precede devoicing of r before voiceless sounds because -- f may get voiced ------------------------------------------------------------------ w = apply(w, { -- <f> preceding labial across (sub)component boundary; rafmagn {"(f)(!)(m)", { {replace = "%1%2%3", var = "formal"}, {replace = "%3%2%3", var = "informal"}, }}, -- <f> preceding labial across (sub)component boundary; afbera, afbragð, ofboðslegur; -- use OC.p to prevent [p] from getting deleted across (sub)component boundary before another [p] {"(f)(!" .. C.p .. ")", { {replace = "%1%2", var = "formal"}, {replace = OC.p .. "%2", var = "informal"}, }}, -- <f> preceding <p> across (sub)component boundary; no discussion or examples given, guess that it's similar to -f#b- {"(f)(!" .. C.ph .. ")", { {replace = "%1%2", var = "formal"}, {replace = C.p .. "%2", var = "informal"}, }}, -- [f] preceding [f] and [s] across (sub)component boundary; affall, afferma, offita, afskekktur, afstaða, ofsjónir {"f(![fs])", C.f .. "%1"}, -- Before voiceless fricatives and approximants other than [s], and before aspirated stops, modern [v], older [f]: -- afhlúpa, afhrak, afkimi, afkoma, aftaka, raftækni, Riftún, ofhleðsla, ofhvörf, etc. {"f(![" .. COCvoiceless .. "])", { {replace = C.v .. "%1", var = "modern"}, {replace = C.f .. "%1", var = "older"}, }}, {"(!)f", "%1" .. C.f}, -- initial f; should precede handling of -fl- {"f(@[ln])", C.p .. "%1"}, -- efla, hafna → p {"f(@[st])", C.f .. "%1"}, -- ofsi, aftur → f {"([" .. Vauou .. "]ː?@)f([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1(v)%2"}, -- optionally silent after á/ó/ú {"f", C.v}, -- sofa → v }) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Step 3.4c: devoicing of liquids/nasals before a voiceless consonant -- and epenthetic t in [rs][ln] ---------------------------------------------------------------------- w = apply(w, { -- r becomes voiceless before any aspirated stop or voiceless fricative/approximant, -- including across (sub)component boundaries {"r(!" .. "[" .. COCvoiceless .. "])", C.hr .. "%1"}, {"r([" .. COCvoiceless .. "])", C.hr .. "%1"}, {"r(@[" .. COCvoiceless .. "])", C.hr .. "%1"}, -- l/m becomes voiceless before an aspirated stop {"([lm])(@[kpt" .. kPAL .. "])", function(lm, kpt) return orth_to_asp_pua_map[lm] .. kpt end}, -- l becomes voiceless across a (sub)component boundary before hl- (jökulhlaup; FIXME: there may be other cases like this) {"l(!" .. C.hl .. ")", C.hl .. "%1"}, {"n(@)t", C.hn .. "%1" .. C.t}, -- vanta }) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Step 3.4d: dialectal "harðmæli" (intervocalic voiceless stops aspirate) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- if dialect == "north" or dialect == "northeast" then -- harðmæli: aspirate non-initial unaspirated stops between a vowel and a -- following sonorant (vowel / j / r / v). The optional ː is the length mark. w = apply(w, {{"([" .. Vall .. "]ː?@)([ptk" .. kPAL .. "])([" .. Vall .. C.v .. "jr])", function(v1, stop, son2) return v1 .. orth_to_asp_pua_map[stop] .. son2 end }}) end ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.4e: g and k realizations ------------------------------------------------------------------ w = apply(w, { -- g -- optionally silent after á/ó/ú before a vowel {"([" .. Vauou .. "]ː?@)g([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1(" .. C.gh .. ")%2", "repeat"}, -- optionally silent after long á/ó/ú (sub)component-finally; tág, múgæsing {"([" .. Vauou .. "]ː)g(!)", "%1(" .. C.gh .. ")%2"}, -- optionally silent after short á/ó/ú (sub)component-finally; needs to lengthen when dropped; -- lágnætti, skóglendi, drjúgvirkur; note that if before voiceless, the rule below will generate optional [x] {"([" .. Vauou .. "])g(!)", { {replace = "%1g%2"}, {replace = "%1ː%2"}, }}, {"g(@t)", C.x .. "%1"}, -- sagt: g → x (t kept) {"g(@[ðr])", C.gh .. "%1"}, -- sigra, sagði → ɣ {"([" .. Vall .. "]ː?@)g([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1" .. C.gh .. "%2", "repeat"},-- saga → ɣ (intervocalic) {"([" .. Vall .. "]ː?)g(![" .. COCvoiceless .. "])", { {replace = "%1" .. C.x .. "%2"}, {replace = "%1" .. C.gh .. "%2"}, }}, {"([" .. Vall .. "]ː?)g(!)", "%1" .. C.gh .. "%2"}, -- lag → ɣ (final after a vowel) {"([" .. Vall .. "]ː?@)" .. gPAL .. "([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1" .. C.j .. "%2", "repeat"}, -- hagi → j {gPAL, C.c}, -- elsewhere palatal g → c {"g", C.k}, -- elsewhere velar g → k -- k {kPAL, C.c}, -- ríki → c {"k", C.k}, -- baka → k }) ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Step 3.4f: remaining single consonants ------------------------------------------------------------------ w = apply(w, { {"([bdptmnlrðþvsjk])", orth_to_unasp_pua_map}, -- (sub)component-final stop + [n], and any consonant + [l], devoices the sonorant: vopn [vɔhpn̥], magn [makn̥], -- einn [eitn̥], stjákl [stjauhkl̥]; also before s, as in vopns, tungls, tunglsbirta, also tunglsljós before an -- initial resonant after an s, but not directly before an initial resonant or vowel in the next component -- (magnvana, magnleysi, tungljurt, tunglmyrkvi). Any consonant preceding a final l will devoice it, but only a -- stop for n (compare devoiced l in kuðl, braml, rövl, but voiced n in iðn, öln). NOTE: We allow an optional -- stop to trigger this; depending on what precedes, we may have to split the output, especially for n. -- (1a) insert C.temp when the [n] does not get devoiced, to block the next rule {"([" .. unaspirated_stops_pua .. "]%)?)(" .. C.n .. ")(![" .. Vall .. voiced_resonant .. "])", function(stop, n, boundary_voiced) return stop .. n .. C.temp .. boundary_voiced end }, -- (2a) devoice [n] as appropriate {"([" .. unaspirated_stops_pua .. "]%)?)(" .. C.n .. ")(" .. C.s .. "?!)", function(stop, n, boundary) return stop .. devoice_resonant_map[n] .. boundary end }, -- (1b) insert C.temp when the [l] does not get devoiced, to block the next rule {"([" .. Call .. "]%)?)(" .. C.l .. ")(![" .. Vall .. voiced_resonant .. "])", function(stop, l, boundary_voiced) return stop .. l .. C.temp .. boundary_voiced end }, -- (2b) devoice [l] as appropriate {"([" .. Call .. "]%)?)(" .. C.l .. ")(" .. C.s .. "?!)", function(stop, l, boundary) return stop .. devoice_resonant_map[l] .. boundary end }, -- (3) remove C.temp {C.temp, ""}, }) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Step 3.4g: stop consonants and <s> across (sub)component boundaries -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- w = apply(w, { -- same-place stop consonants drop across (sub)component boundaries {"[" .. C.k .. C.kh .. "](![" .. C.k .. C.kh .. C.c .. C.ch .. "])", "%1"}, {"[" .. C.p .. C.ph .. "](![" .. C.p .. C.ph .. "])", "%1"}, {"[" .. C.t .. C.th .. "](![" .. C.t .. C.th .. "])", "%1"}, {C.s .. "(!" .. C.s .. ")", "%1"}, }) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Step 3.4h: Northeast Iceland dialect adjustments in resonant + stop (and ðk) clusters ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- if dialect == "northeast" then -- voiced pronunciation: a nasal voices before a stop, and the stop aspirates local voiceless_nasals_pua = C.hm .. C.hn .. C.hnj .. C.hng w = apply(w, {{"([" .. voiceless_nasals_pua .. "])(@)([" .. unaspirated_stops_pua .. "])", function(nv, syldiv, stop) return voice_resonant_map[nv] .. syldiv .. aspirate_stop_map[stop] end }}) -- l voices (and stop aspirates) before labial/velar stops, but stays -- voiceless before t (per doc: piltur, elta keep [l̥t]) w = apply(w, {{C.hl .. "(@)([" .. C.p .. C.k .. C.c .. "])", function(syldiv, stop) return C.l ..syldiv .. aspirate_stop_map[stop] end }}) -- ð voiced (and following k aspirated) in -ðk-: maðkur [maðkʰʏr] w = apply(w, {{C.th2 .. "(@)" .. C.k, C.dh .. "%1" .. C.kh}}) end ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- Steps 4–5: detokenize and clean up ------------------------------------------------------------------ -- convert obligatory PUA characters to regular ones before detokenizing w = apply(w, { {".", OC_to_C}, }) -- shorten following vowel directly after a geminate consonant (usually across a (sub)component boundary); -- FIXME: not clear if this is real due to prevalent typos in Kristján Árnason's book and not being -- explicitly discussed, but it's consistent in the book w = apply(w, { -- across a (sub)component boundary; usualy case {"ː?([" .. Call .. "])(!%1[" .. Vall .. "])ː", "%1%2"}, -- geminate precedes the (sub)component boundary; can happen with explicit written [:], -- as in [[prestsekkja]] written <pres[:]-ekkja> {"ː?([" .. Call .. "]ː![" .. Vall .. "])ː", "%1"}, -- eliminate _ and + markers before syllabification {"[_+]", ""}, }) determine_secondary_stresses(w, disable_internal_stresses) w = apply(w, { -- convert regular PUA characters to IPA {".", detok}, }) return w end local function toIPA_word(word, dialect, disable_internal_stresses) -- Mark stress before eliminating case distinctions so we don't treat capitalized words like <Á> as unstressed word = mark_stress(word) word = ulower(word) word = word:gsub("%[(.-)%]", bracketed_phone_map) -- Handle 'fram' and 'um' specially when stressed. word = word:gsub("^##([\1\2])fram##$", "##%1frăm##") word = word:gsub("^##([\1\2])um##$", "##%1ŭm##") -- Diphthongs should allow breve on first letter. word = word:gsub("ău", "aŭ") word = word:gsub("ĕ([iy])", "e%1" .. BREVE) word = ugsub(word, "[ăĕĭŏŭ]", decompose_breve_map) word = word:gsub("([ln])%1ː", "%1" .. Solc) -- colon was previously converted to ː word = word:gsub("é", "j" .. Ve_from_je) -- this seems to be the easiest way to handle this letter word = word:gsub("z", "s") -- Handle epenthetic [j] in hiatus after a high front vowel or glide word = ugsub(word, "(e[iy][.\5\4]?)([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1j%2") word = ugsub(word, "(au[.\5\4]?)([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1j%2") word = ugsub(word, "([íýæ][.\5\4]?)([" .. Vall .. "])", "%1j%2") local subcomponents = split(word, "(#+)") -- Odd-numbered elements are subcomponents and even-numbered are separators, except that the first and last subcomponent -- are blank because we have ## at word edges. for i = 3, #subcomponents - 2, 2 do local subcomponent = subcomponents[i] -- If there's no next subcomponent, pass in nil. subcomponents[i] = determine_vowel_length(subcomponent, i + 2 < #subcomponents and subcomponents[i + 2] or nil, dialect) end word = concat(subcomponents) return convert({{output = word, levels_by_class = {}}}, dialect, disable_internal_stresses) end -- Given a single substitution spec, `to`, figure out the corresponding value of `from` used in a complete -- substitution spec. `pagename` is the name of the page, either the actual one or taken from the `pagename` param. -- `whole_word`, if set, indicates that the match must be to a whole word (it was preceded by ~). local function convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, whole_word) -- Replace specially-handled characters with a class matching the character and possible replacements. local escaped_from = to escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ˈ", ""):gsub("ˌ", ""):gsub("ː", ""):gsub("[._+:]", "") -- [k] and [c] normally stand for written <g> so make the substitution. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%[[kc]%]", "g") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%[[KC]%]", "G") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%[[kc]h%]", "k") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%[[KC]h%]", "K") escaped_from = pattern_escape(escaped_from) -- Space should match against space or hyphen in the original. Do this before transforming single and double -- hyphens, since the transformations of those have a space in it. Don't put a % sign before the hyphen or we will -- match the hyphen in the replacement when trying to match the hyphen in the original. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub(" ", "[ -]") -- Single and double hyphen should match against space, hyphen or nothing in the original. -- This is tricky, because we already passed `escaped_from` through pattern_escape() causing a hyphen, paren or -- bracket to get a % sign before it, and have to double up the percent signs to match and replace a literal %. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%%%-%%%-", "[ -]?") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%%%-", "[ -]?") -- Parens and brackets should match against themselves or nothing in the original. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("%%([()%[%]])", "%%%1?") -- Tie sign (‿) should match against space or hyphen in the original. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("‿", "[ %%-]") -- ŋ and ɲ match n in original. escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ŋ", "n") escaped_from = escaped_from:gsub("ɲ", "n") -- Letters with breve match the corresponding letters without breve. escaped_from = toNFC((toNFD(escaped_from):gsub(BREVE, ""))) escaped_from = "(" .. escaped_from .. ")" if whole_word then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end local match = umatch(pagename, escaped_from) if match then if match == to then error(("Single substitution spec '%s' found in pagename '%s', replacement would have no effect"): format(to, pagename)) end return match end error(("Single substitution spec '%s' couldn't be matched to pagename '%s'"):format(to, pagename)) end local function apply_substitution_spec(respelling, pagename) local orig_respelling = respelling local subs = split_on_comma(respelling:match("^%[(.*)%]$")) respelling = pagename local function parse_err(txt) error(("%s: original substitution spec %s, pagename '%s'"):format(txt, orig_respelling, pagename)) end for _, sub in ipairs(subs) do local from, escaped_from, to, escaped_to, whole_word if sub:find("^~") then -- whole-word match sub = sub:match("^~(.*)$") whole_word = true end if sub:find(":.") then from, to = sub:match("^(.-):(.+)$") else to = sub from = convert_single_substitution_to_original(to, pagename, whole_word) end if from then escaped_from = pattern_escape(from) if whole_word then escaped_from = "%f[%a]" .. escaped_from .. "%f[%A]" end escaped_to = replacement_escape(to) local subbed_respelling, nsubs = ugsub(respelling, escaped_from, escaped_to) if nsubs == 0 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s didn't match processed pagename '%s'"):format( from, to, respelling)) elseif nsubs > 1 then parse_err(("Substitution spec %s -> %s matched multiple substrings in processed pagename '%s', add " .. "more context"):format(from, to, respelling)) else respelling = subbed_respelling end end end return respelling end local function handle_substitution_specs(text, pagename) if text == "+" then return pagename else -- convert apostrophe to primary stress and backquote to secondary stress text = text:gsub("'", "ˈ"):gsub("`", "ˌ") if text:find("^%[.*%]$") then -- Check that there is a single bracketed expression; otherwise it's vaguely possible that there are -- two [C] literals, one at the beginning and one at the end. local put = require(parse_utilities_module) local segments = put.parse_balanced_segment_run(text, "[", "]") if #segments > 3 then return text end text = apply_substitution_spec(segments[2], pagename) end -- Replace colon with IPA length mark after apply_substitution_spec, because colon has a special meaning in -- substitution specs. text = text:gsub(":", "ː"):gsub("%(ː%)", OSolc) -- OSolc so it doesn't get eliminated before another consonant return text end end function export.toIPA(text, dialect, pagename, disable_internal_stresses) local orig_respelling_spec = text pagename = pagename or mw.loadData("Module:headword/data").pagename text = handle_substitution_specs(text, pagename) local words = split(text, "%s+") local all_word_pronuns = {{output = "", levels_by_class = {}}} for _, word in ipairs(words) do local this_word_pronuns = toIPA_word(word, dialect, disable_internal_stresses) local function concatenate(word1, word2) if word1 == "" then return word2 else -- eliminate word-final optional gemination before a next-word-initial consonant if ufind(word2, "^ˈ?[" .. Call .. "]") then word1 = word1:gsub(Solc .. "$", "") end return word1 .. " " .. word2 end end all_word_pronuns = concatenate_horizontally(all_word_pronuns, this_word_pronuns, concatenate) end -- We purposely didn't convert Solc to (ː) during detokenization so we could eliminate it in the above -- loop. Now convert remaining Solc to (ː). for _, all_word_pronun in ipairs(all_word_pronuns) do all_word_pronun.output = all_word_pronun.output:gsub(Solc, "(ː)") end for i, pronun in ipairs(all_word_pronuns) do local sortkey_parts = {} local classes_and_priorities = {} for class, classprops in pairs(variation_classes) do insert(classes_and_priorities, {class, classprops.priority}) end -- sort classes and levels by priority table.sort(classes_and_priorities, function(a, b) return a[2] < b[2] end) for _, class_and_priority in ipairs(classes_and_priorities) do local class, _ = unpack(class_and_priority) local class_levels = pronun.levels_by_class[class] if not class_levels then insert(sortkey_parts, ("%03d"):format(#variation_classes[class].levels + 1)) else local level_priorities = {} for level, _ in pairs(class_levels) do insert(level_priorities, ("%03d"):format(variation_to_properties[level].priority)) end table.sort(level_priorities) insert(sortkey_parts, concat(level_priorities)) end end pronun.sortkey = concat(sortkey_parts) end table.sort(all_word_pronuns, function(a, b) return a.sortkey < b.sortkey end) for i, pronun in ipairs(all_word_pronuns) do all_word_pronuns[i] = { pron = pronun.output, qq = levels_by_class_to_qualifiers(pronun.levels_by_class), } end return { orig_respelling = orig_respelling_spec, respelling = text, pagename = pagename, pronuns = all_word_pronuns, } end local function ine(arg) return arg ~= "" and arg or nil end function export.toIPA_bot(frame) local respelling, dialect, pagename, disable_internal_stresses = ine(frame.args[1]), ine(frame.args[2]), ine(frame.args[3]), ine(frame.args[4]) local data = export.toIPA(respelling, dialect, pagename, disable_internal_stresses) return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(data) end function export.toIPA_bot_multiple(frame) -- First argument should always be given. local respellings, dialect, pagename, disable_internal_stresses = frame.args[1], ine(frame.args[2]), ine(frame.args[3]), ine(frame.args[4]) respellings = split(respellings, "!!") local all_data = {} for _, respelling in ipairs(respellings) do insert(all_data, export.toIPA(respelling, dialect, pagename, disable_internal_stresses)) end return require("Module:JSON").toJSON(all_data) end local function respelling_to_IPA(data) local pronuns = export.toIPA(data.respelling, data.args.dialect, data.pagename).pronuns for _, pronun in ipairs(pronuns) do pronun.pron = "[" .. pronun.pron .. "]" end return pronuns end function export.make(frame) local parent_args = frame:getParent().args return require(pron_utilities_module).format_prons { lang = lang, respelling_to_IPA = respelling_to_IPA, raw_args = parent_args, track_module = "is-IPA", augment_params = { dialect = {}, }, } end return export l377urvhp8pwgibaffchtv7i6ckgnjw 828 297667 399996 2026-07-23T15:42:17Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "This module generates IPA from Icelandic orthography, using the rules given at {{w|Icelandic orthography}}. The first version was written with the help of Claude Code Opus 4.8 in "high-thinking" mode, and then expanded and rewritten by hand. The actual testcase data is located in [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/data]]. ==Testcases== {{#invoke:is-IPA/testcases|run_tests}} <includeonly> {{module cat|is}} </includeonly>" 399996 wikitext text/x-wiki This module generates IPA from Icelandic orthography, using the rules given at {{w|Icelandic orthography}}. The first version was written with the help of Claude Code Opus 4.8 in "high-thinking" mode, and then expanded and rewritten by hand. The actual testcase data is located in [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/data]]. ==Testcases== {{#invoke:is-IPA/testcases|run_tests}} <includeonly> {{module cat|is}} </includeonly> ftczhxc752me3jcowf1dy8gpauzezrd 399997 399996 2026-07-23T15:42:40Z 咽頭べさ 33 咽頭べさ ပြံင်ပဆုဲလဝ် မုက်လိက် [[မဝ်ဂျူ:is-IPA/doc]] ဇရေင် [[မဝ်ဂျူ:is-IPA/documentation]] သီုကဵု ဟွံဂွံ ဂိုင်စွံလဝ် မကလေင်ပညုင် 399996 wikitext text/x-wiki This module generates IPA from Icelandic orthography, using the rules given at {{w|Icelandic orthography}}. The first version was written with the help of Claude Code Opus 4.8 in "high-thinking" mode, and then expanded and rewritten by hand. The actual testcase data is located in [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/data]]. ==Testcases== {{#invoke:is-IPA/testcases|run_tests}} <includeonly> {{module cat|is}} </includeonly> ftczhxc752me3jcowf1dy8gpauzezrd 828 297668 399998 2026-07-23T15:43:22Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "local export = {} --[=[ Each line of the testcase text is either a high-level header beginning with ###, a subheader beginning with ##, a comment beginning with #, a blank line or an example. Examples consist of three to six fields, deliminated by two or more spaces. The first field is the original spelling; the second field is the respelling, or + to use the respelling unchanged; the third field is the expected IPA..." 399998 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ Each line of the testcase text is either a high-level header beginning with ###, a subheader beginning with ##, a comment beginning with #, a blank line or an example. Examples consist of three to six fields, deliminated by two or more spaces. The first field is the original spelling; the second field is the respelling, or + to use the respelling unchanged; the third field is the expected IPA pronunciation; the optional fourth field is the gloss; the optional fifth field is the dialect; and the optional sixth field is a comment. See [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/driver]] for more detailed information on the format of testcases, along with information on how to create a new subset of testcases. ]=] export.testcases = [==[ ### Substitutions in the following: # : -> ː # I -> ɪ # Y -> ʏ # R -> r̥ # L -> l̥ # N -> n̥ # [ptkc]h -> \1ʰ # , -> ˌ # ' -> ˈ # ˌˈ -> ,ˈ ### Simple words (not compound) ## Involving &lt;b> gribba + ˈkrɪp(ː)a harpy, shrew gabb + ˈkap(ː) hoax ## Involving <d> nudda + ˈnʏt(ː)a to rub breidd + ˈpreit(ː) width; latitude adrenalín [`lí] ˈaːtrɛnaˌlin adrenaline ## Involving <f> lofa + ˈlɔːva to promise voffi + ˈvɔf(ː)ɪ doggie sófi [[f]] ˈsouːfɪ sofa efst evst ˈɛvst top - common but non-normative vaffla + ˈvafːla waffle saffran + ˈsafːran saffron röfla rövla ˈrœvla to ramble, to chatter - proscribed spelling röfls rövls ˈrœvl̥s of rambling, of chattering (gen. sg.) - proscribed spelling hafrar + ˈhavrar oats efld + ˈɛ(v)lt strengthened (fem. nom. sg. strong) eflds + ˈɛ(v)lts of (someone/something) strengthened (masc. gen. sg. strong) Kalifornía [[f],r_n] ˈkʰaːlɪˌfɔrnija California morfín [[f]] ˈmɔr̥fin morphine ## Involving <g> guð + ˈkvʏːð God guða + ˈkvʏːða to utter the greeting hér sé guð (literally “here be God”) Guðlaugur [-la] ˈkvʏð.lœiːɣʏr (a male proper name) guðspjall [-sp] ˈkvʏð.spjatl̥ gospel fluga + ˈflʏːɣa fly (insect) dragt + ˈtraxt pantsuit; skirt suit flagga + ˈflak(ː)a to fly (a flag); to flaunt dögg + ˈtœk(ː) dew saggi + ˈsac(ː)ɪ damp byggja + ˈpɪc(ː)a to build; to settle (a land) geta + ˈcɛːta to be able gé + ˈcɛː Gee (name of the letter) gjalda + ˈcalta to pay segja + ˈseija to say flýja + ˈfliːja to flee drýgja + ˈtriːja to perpetrate; to augment, to supplement klígja + ˈkʰliːja to nauseate (impersonal) lygi + ˈliːjɪ lie (untruth) tygja + ˈtʰiːja to saddle up (a horse); (reflexive) to get ready to go seigja + ˈseija toughness, viscosity bogi + ˈpɔijɪ bow (archery); arch, vault hanga + ˈhauŋka to hang öngull + ˈœiŋkʏtl̥ fishhook drengur + ˈtreiŋkʏr boy svangur + ˈsvauŋkʏr hungry syngja + ˈsiɲca to sing kynngi + ˈcʰiɲcɪ magic; witchcraft engill + ˈeiɲcɪtl̥ angel England + ˈeiŋlant England syndga + ˈsɪn(t)ka to sin syndgi + ˈsɪn(t)cɪ I/he/she may sin holdgast + ˈhɔl(t)kast to heal (of a wound) holdgist + ˈhɔl(t)cɪst it may heal (of a wound) Angóla Aŋ-góla ˈaŋ.kouːla Angola - explicit ŋ should be recognized as a consonant and trigger vowel shortness gígabæti [[k]a,-b] ˈciːkaˌpaiːtɪ gigabyte lager + ˈlaːɣɛr inventory, stock; stock room Waage Voge ˈvɔːɣɛ (surname) beyging + ˈpeijiŋk bending; inflection Long Loŋ: ˈlɔŋː (surname) múgur + ˈmuː(ɣ)ʏr mass, throng; mob tág + ˈtʰauː(ɣ) twig; wicker múgæsing [-æs] ˈmuː(ɣ).aiːsiŋk commotion, uproar ## Involving <h> hlýr + ˈl̥iːr warm hratt + ˈr̥aht pushed hver + ˈkʰvɛːr who hver + ˈxɛːr who south hver + ˈxʷɛːr who south-rounded ## Involving <k> taka + ˈtʰaːka to take þökk + ˈθœhk thanks (n.) sakna + ˈsahkna to miss, long for; to lack kembt + ˈcʰɛm̥t combed; debugged (supine) þykja + ˈθɪːca to be considered, to seem október + ˈɔxtoupɛr October drekka + ˈtrɛhka to drink hekla + ˈhɛhkla to crochet kaþólikki + ˈkʰaːθouˌlɪhcɪ Catholic man frakki + ˈfrahcɪ raincoat drykkja + ˈtrɪhca drinking kjósa + ˈcʰouːsa to vote; to choose keyra + ˈcʰeiːra to drive kirkja + ˈcʰɪr̥ca church munkur + ˈmuŋ̊kʏr monk minnka + ˈmiŋ̊ka to decrease, to reduce; to diminish þanki + ˈθauɲ̊cɪ thought þenkja + ˈθeiɲ̊ca to think (dated) ekki ĕçi ˈɛçɪ not kæra + ˈcʰaiːra to accuse; to complain; accusation; complaint disketta [k_] ˈtɪskɛhta diskette Arktúrus Ar[x]tú`rus ˈar̥xtuˌrʏs Arcturus (constellation) ## Involving <l> karl + ˈkʰartl̥ man rusl + ˈrʏstl̥ trash allur + ˈatlʏr whole, entire; all; completely alls + als all together, in total alls ['a] ˈals all together, in total (stressed) fals + ˈfals falseness, deceit; rebate falsa + ˈfalsa to falsify, to forge, to fake allt + ˈal̥t everything; (the) whole; all; completely alt + ˈal̥t contralto basalt + ˈpaːsal̥t basalt ballskák [-sk] ˈpatl̥.skauːk billiards fjallsbrún [-br] ˈfjals.pruːn crest, brim (of a mountain) basl + ˈpastl̥ struggle, grind basla + ˈpastla to struggle, to wrestle (with); to toil mylla [ll:] ˈmɪl(ː)a mill billjón [ll:] ˈpɪljoun billion austanfjalls [-fj] ˈœistanˌfjals in southern Iceland; in eastern Norway tungl + ˈtʰuŋl̥ moon tungls + ˈtʰuŋl̥s of a moon (gen sg.) tunglsljós [-lj] ˈtʰuŋl̥s.ljouːs moonlight tunglsbirta [-bi] ˈtʰuŋl̥s.pɪr̥ta moonlight tungljurt [-ju] ˈtʰuŋl.jʏr̥t common moonwort tunglmyrkvi [-my] ˈtʰuŋl.mɪr̥kvɪ lunar eclipse kuðl + ˈkʰʏðl̥ pile (of clothes); crumple braml + ˈpraml̥ racket, noise rövl + ˈrœvl̥ nonsense, drivel rubbish ## Involving <n> þorn + ˈθɔrtn̥ thorn himinn + ˈhɪːmɪn(ː) heaven minn + mɪn(ː) my; mine - unstressed minn ['m] ˈmɪn(ː) my; mine - stressed hinna + ˈhɪn(ː)a of the; of those (gen pl.) brúnn + ˈprutn̥ brown rúnnaður [nn:] ˈrun(ː)aðʏr rounded brúnna [nn:] ˈprun(ː)a of the eyebrows (def gen pl.) steinn + ˈsteitn̥ stone býsna + ˈpistna rather vopn + ˈvɔhpn̥ weapon vopns + ˈvɔhpn̥s of a weapon (gen sg.) hænsn + ˈhainstn̥ chicken magn + ˈmakn̥ amount; power magnleysi [-le] ˈmakn.leiːsɪ weakness; frailty magnvana [-va] ˈmakn.vaːna powerless iðn + ˈɪðn craft, trade öln + ˈœln ulna ## Involving &lt;p> spara + ˈspaːra to spare; to save (money) september + ˈsɛftɛmpɛr September stoppa + ˈstɔhpa to stop stopp + ˈstɔhp stop, halt vopna + ˈvɔhpna to arm ## Involving <r> barr + ˈparː needle - geminate r (long trill) seems normal even word-finally barri + ˈparːɪ sea bass; branzino járn [(r)n] ˈjau(r)tn̥ iron járna [(r)n] ˈjau(r)tna to shoe (a horse) ## Involving &lt;s> hvass + ˈkʰvas(ː) strong; sharp hvasst + ˈkʰvast sharply, piercingly byssa + ˈpɪs(ː)a firearm, gun rós + ˈrouːs rose Nash-jafnvægi Naʃ--jafn-vægi ˈnaʃˌjapn.vaijɪ Nash equilibrium ## Involving <t> þreyttur + ˈθreihtʏr tired; tired (of), fed up nótt + ˈnouht night vatna + ˈvahtna to water vatn + ˈvahtn̥ water; lake brotna + ˈprɔhtna to break (intr.) ## Involving <x> vaxa + ˈvaksa to grow jaxl + ˈjakstl̥ molar yxna + ˈɪkstna in heat, in estrus ## Involving <z> íslenzka + ˈistlɛnska Icelandic (language) krúz + ˈkʰruːs cross trapiza + ˈtʰraːpɪsa trapezoid ## Involving <þ>, <ð> þið + θɪð you all (pl.) - unstressed þið ['þ] ˈθɪːð you all (pl.) - stresed ryþmi + ˈrɪθmɪ rhythm - proscribed ### Words with special stress, lack of stress, or unusual short or long vowels fram + ˈfram forth um ['u] ˈʏm around nauts [au:] ˈnœiːts nuh-uh (childish); wow af + av from, of, by - unstressed by default af ˈaf ˈaːv from, of, by - when stressed sá .sá sau the - when unstressed sá + ˈsauː to sow; (I/he/she/it) saw - stressed by default atarna ['t] aˈtʰartna yon, that one á að giska + au að ˈcɪska at a guess, more or less, about á hinn bóginn + au ˈhɪn ˈpoujɪn(ː) on the other hand - should reduce geminates across word boundary before a consonant abbast upp á + ˈap(ː)ast ˈʏhp au to annoy; to mess with fram undan [.un] ˈfram ʏntan (up) ahead í staðinn fyrir [.fy] i ˈstaːðɪn fɪrɪr instead of - <fyrir> should be unstressed and have no long vowels enn sem komið er + ˈɛn sɛm ˈkʰɔːmɪð ɛr so far; for the time being auk þess ['þ] œik ˈθɛs(ː) að því búnu ['þv] að ˈθviː ˈpuːnʏ after that; with that done annars vegar [-ve] ˈan(ː)ar̥sˌvɛːɣar on the one hand MR-ingur emmerringur ˈɛm(ː)ɛrˌriŋkʏr current or former student of Reykjavik Junior College - actual respelling has a dot aftr the rr, but it should be handled correctly without it prófessor [`so,[f]] ˈpʰrouːfɛ(s)ˌsɔr (full) professor níutugasti [`ga] ˈniːjʏtʏˌɣastɪ ninetieth - secondary stress should not affect softening of <g> beween vowels -ismi + ɪsmɪ -ism -skur + skʏr -an, -ian (adjective-forming) íslam í.s(t)lam ˈiːs(t)lam Islam Ísland [.sl] ˈiːstlant Iceland Norður-Karólína [r K] ˈnɔrðʏr ˈkʰaːrouˌlina North Carolina nostalgía + ˈnɔstalˌcija nostalgia ### Dialectal differences hrópa + ˈr̥ouːpa to shout hrópa + ˈr̥ouːpʰa to shout north hrópa + ˈr̥ouːpʰa to shout northeast amaba + ˈaːmapa amoeba amaba + ˈaːmapa amoeba north amaba + ˈaːmapa amoeba northeast stoppa + ˈstɔhpa to stop north stoppa + ˈstɔhpa to stop northeast gribba + ˈkrɪp(ː)a harpy, shrew north gribba + ˈkrɪp(ː)a harpy, shrew northeast vitur + ˈvɪːtʏr wise vitur + ˈvɪːtʰʏr wise north vitur + ˈvɪːtʰʏr wise northeast Kanada + ˈkʰaːnata Canada Kanada + ˈkʰaːnata Canada north Kanada + ˈkʰaːnata Canada northeast þreyttur + ˈθreihtʏr tired; tired (of), fed up north þreyttur + ˈθreihtʏr tired; tired (of), fed up northeast nudda + ˈnʏt(ː)a to rub north nudda + ˈnʏt(ː)a to rub northeast þekja + ˈθɛːca to cover þekja + ˈθɛːcʰa to cover north þekja + ˈθɛːcʰa to cover northeast drykkja + ˈtrɪhca drinking north drykkja + ˈtrɪhca drinking northeast byggja + ˈpɪc(ː)a to build; to settle (a land) north byggja + ˈpɪc(ː)a to build; to settle (a land) northeast veikur + ˈveiːkʏr ill veikur + ˈveiːkʰʏr ill north veikur + ˈveiːkʰʏr ill northeast drekka + ˈtrɛhka to drink north drekka + ˈtrɛhka to drink northeast flagga + ˈflak(ː)a to fly (a flag); to flaunt north flagga + ˈflak(ː)a to fly (a flag); to flaunt northeast hempa + ˈhɛm̥pa robe hempa + ˈhɛm̥pa robe north hempa + ˈhɛmpʰa robe northeast kemba + ˈcʰɛmpa to comb; to card (wool) kemba + ˈcʰɛmpa to comb; to card (wool) north kemba + ˈcʰɛmpa to comb; to card (wool) northeast heimta + ˈheim̥ta to demand heimta + ˈheim̥ta to demand north heimta + ˈheimtʰa to demand northeast ræmdur + ˈraimtʏr reputed ræmdur + ˈraimtʏr reputed north ræmdur + ˈraimtʏr reputed northeast aumka + ˈœim̥ka to pity aumka + ˈœim̥ka to pity north aumka + ˈœimkʰa to pity northeast vanta + ˈvan̥ta to need vanta + ˈvan̥ta to need north vanta + ˈvantʰa to need northeast binda + ˈpɪnta to tie, to bind binda + ˈpɪnta to tie, to bind north binda + ˈpɪnta to tie, to bind northeast banki + ˈpauɲ̊cɪ bank banki + ˈpauɲ̊cɪ bank north banki + ˈpauɲcʰɪ bank northeast drangi + ˈtrauɲcɪ pillar (of rock) drangi + ˈtrauɲcɪ pillar (of rock) north drangi + ˈtrauɲcɪ pillar (of rock) northeast banka + ˈpauŋ̊ka to knock banka + ˈpauŋ̊ka to knock north banka + ˈpauŋkʰa to knock northeast fanga + ˈfauŋka to catch, to grab fanga + ˈfauŋka to catch, to grab north fanga + ˈfauŋka to catch, to grab northeast hjálpa + ˈçaul̥pa to help hjálpa + ˈçaul̥pa to help north hjálpa + ˈçaulpʰa to help northeast Albani + ˈalpanɪ Albanian (man) Albani + ˈalpanɪ Albanian (man) north Albani + ˈalpanɪ Albanian (man) northeast fálki + ˈfaul̥cɪ falcon fálki + ˈfaul̥cɪ falcon north fálki + ˈfaulcʰɪ falcon northeast Belgi + ˈpɛlcɪ Belgian (man) Belgi + ˈpɛlcɪ Belgian (man) north Belgi + ˈpɛlcɪ Belgian (man) northeast kalka + ˈkʰal̥ka to go senile kalka + ˈkʰal̥ka to go senile north kalka + ˈkʰalkʰa to go senile northeast bólga + ˈpoulka swelling, inflammation bólga + ˈpoulka swelling, inflammation north bólga + ˈpoulka swelling, inflammation northeast maðkur + ˈmaθkʏr worm maðkur + ˈmaθkʏr worm north maðkur + ˈmaðkʰʏr worm northeast kragi + ˈkʰraijɪ collar kragi + ˈkʰraːjɪ collar south kragi + ˈkʰraːjɪ collar south-rounded ### Inserted /j/ Svíi + ˈsviːjɪ Swede Svíar + ˈsviːjar Swedes (indef nom pl) Svíum + ˈsviːjʏm Swedes (indef dat pl) olía + ˈɔːlija oil olíu + ˈɔːlijʏ oil (indef acc/dat/gen sg) sveia + ˈsveija to huff and puff, to tsk-tsk bleium + ˈpleijʏm diapers (indef dat pl) bleyjum + ˈpleijʏm diapers (indef dat pl) heyið + ˈheijɪð the hay (def nom sg); you all make hay (2nd pl pres indic); you all carry out, perform (2nd pl pres indic) hlýir + ˈl̥iːjɪr warm (strong masc nom pl); you may warm up (2nd sg pres subj) nýir + ˈniːjɪr new (strong masc nom pl) hlæi + ˈl̥aijɪ I/he/she/they may laugh (1/3 sg or 3 pl pres subj) hlægi + ˈl̥aijɪ I/he/she might have laughed (1/3 sg past subj) hlæja + ˈl̥aija to laugh gæi [g_] ˈkaijɪ dude, guy Kenía [K_] ˈkʰɛːnija Kenya híena + ˈhiːjɛna hyena síonismi + ˈsiːjɔˌnɪsmɪ Zionism flauel + ˈflœijɛl velvet straua + ˈstrœija to iron - proscribed for <strauja> nauið + ˈnœijɪð difference, significance (in the negative) ### Words with clusters ## from Eiríkur káfa + ˈkʰauː(v)a to finger; to grope - for -áf- mágur + ˈmauː(ɣ)ʏr brother-in-law - for -ág- rófa + ˈrouː(v)a tail; turnip - for -óf- bógur + ˈpouː(ɣ)ʏr shoulder (of an animal); bow (of a ship) - for -óg- ljúfur + ˈljuː(v)ʏr nice, pleasant - for -úf- bljúgur + ˈpljuː(ɣ)ʏr shy, humble - for -úg- efldi + ˈɛ(v)ltɪ strengthened, reinforced (weak masc nom sg) - for -fld- teflt + ˈtʰɛl̥t played (of a game; strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -flt- hefndi + ˈhɛmtɪ avenged (weak masc nom sg) - for -fnd- hrafns + ˈr̥apn̥s[careful pronunciation],ˈr̥afs[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] raven (indef gen sg) - for -fns- jafnt + ˈjam̥t equally, evenly; equal, even (weak neut nom/acc sg) - for -fnt- lofts + ˈlɔf(t)s air; sky; ceiling (indef gen sg) - for -fls- sigldi + ˈsɪltɪ widely travelled (weak masc nom sg) - for -g(g)ld- siglt + ˈsɪl̥t widely travelled (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -g(g)lt- rigndi + ˈrɪŋtɪ it rained (past indic/subj) - for -g(g)nd- gagns + ˈkakn̥s[careful pronunciation],ˈkaxs[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] use, benefit (indef gen sg) - for -gns-; https://enska.arnastofnun.is/is/ord/14704/tungumal/EN for <gagnslaus> has [kakstlœis] skyggnst + ˈscɪŋst looked, scanned (supine) - for -g(g)nst- hrygnt + ˈr̥ɪŋ̊t spawned (supine) - for -g(g)nt- gjögts + ˈcœx(t)s swaying, swinging (indef gen sg) - for -gts- sýknt + ˈsiŋ̊t acquitted (adv.) - for -knt- svekkts + ˈsvɛx(t)s disappointed (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -k(k)ts- þvælds + ˈθvail(t)s crumpled; worn-out (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -l(l)ds- hvolfdi + ˈkʰvɔltɪ overturned, capsized (3rd sg past indic) - for -lfd- ýlfra + ˈil(v)ra to howl, to whine - for -lfr- úlfs + ˈul(f)s wolf (indef gen sg) - for -lfs- tólfti + ˈtʰoul̥tɪ twelfth - for -lft- fylgdi + ˈfɪltɪ followed, accompanied (3rd sg past indic) - for -lgd- volgna + ˈvɔlna to heat up, to grow warm (intrans) - for -lgn- tálkn + ˈtʰaul̥kn̥ gill - for -lkn- þrákelkni [-ke] ˈθrauː.cʰɛl̥knɪ stubbornness - for -lkn- fólks + ˈfoul̥ks[careful pronunciation],ˈfouls[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] people, folk (indef gen sg) - for -lks- velktur + ˈvɛl̥tʏr thumbed-through, dog-eared - for -lkt- hvolps + ˈkʰvɔl̥ps[careful pronunciation],ˈkʰvɔls[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] puppy (indef gen sg) - for -lps- falsks + ˈfals(ks) false, fake (str masc/neut gen sg) - for -lsks- pólskt + ˈpʰoulst Polish (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -lskt- gyllts + ˈcɪl̥(t)s golden; gilded (strong fem nom or neut nom/acc sg) - for -l(l)ts- rembdist + ˈrɛmtɪst to struggle, to strain (1/2/3 sg past indic) - for -mbd- lambs + ˈlams lamb (indef gen sg) - for -mbs- kembt + ˈcʰɛm̥t combed; debugged (supine) - for -mbt- límds + ˈlim(t)s glued; stuck (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -m(m)ds- svamps + ˈsvam̥ps[careful pronunciation],ˈsvams[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] sponge (indef gen sg) - for -mps- sands + ˈsan(t)s sand, sandy plain (indef gen sg) - for -n(n)ds- hringdi + ˈr̥iŋtɪ rang; phoned (1/3 sg past indic) - for -ngd- strengds + ˈstreiŋ(t)s taut; pullled tight (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -ngds- lungna + ˈlu(ŋ)na lungs (indef gen pl) - for -ngn- hangs + ˈhauŋs hanging around, dawdling - for -ngs- tengt + ˈtʰeiŋ̊t connected, joined (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -ngt- dynks + ˈtiŋ̊(k)s thud (indef gen sg) - for -nks- fransks + ˈfrans(ks) French (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -n(n)sks- punktur + ˈpʰuŋ̊(k)tʏr[careful pronunciation],ˈpʰun̥tʏr[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] point; period, dot, full stop; unit - for -nkt- finnskt + ˈfɪnst Finnish (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -n(n)skt- teppts + ˈtʰɛf(t)s blocked, obstructed (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -p(p)ts- sperðlar + ˈspɛrtlar sheep sausages (nom pl) - for -rðl- harðna + ˈhartna to harden (intrans), to grow more severe - for -rðn- horfði + ˈhɔr(v)ðɪ looked, watched (1/3 sg past indic) - for -rfð- hvarfla + ˈkʰvartla to wander; to hover - for -rfl- horfnir + ˈhɔrtnɪr disappeared people (strong masc nom pl) - for -rfn- orfs + ˈɔr(f)s scythe handle; weed whacker (indef gen sg) - for -rfs- horfst + ˈhɔ(r̥)st having looked at each other (supine) - for -rfst- horft + ˈhɔr̥t having looked at (supine) - for -rft- mergð + ˈmɛr(k)ð multitude, crowd - for -rgð- morgna + ˈmɔrtna to dawn, for morning to come - for -rgn- dvergs + ˈtvɛr(k)s dwarf (folklore); dwarf, little person - for -rgs- margt + ˈmar̥t much, many, a lot (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -rgt- berklar + ˈpɛr̥klar tuberculosis - for -rkl- burkni + ˈpʏr̥knɪ fern - for -rkn- sterks + ˈstɛr̥(k)s strong (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -r(r)ks- styrkst + ˈstɪ(r̥)st having gotten stronger (supine) - for -rkst- myrkt + ˈmɪr̥t dark (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -rkt- styrkts + ˈstɪr̥(t)s supported, sponsored (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -rkts- karls + ˈkʰa((r)t)l̥s man (indef gen sg) - for -rls- þyrmdi + ˈθɪ(r)mtɪ spared (1/3 sg past indic) - for -rmd- harms + ˈha(r)ms sorrow, grief (indef gen sg) - for -rms- hermt + ˈhɛ(r̥)m̥t told, reported (supine) - for -rmt- fyrndur + ˈfɪ(r)ntʏr outdated, obsolete - for -rnd- barns + ˈpar̥s child (indef gen sg) - for -rns- bernska + ˈpɛ(r)nska childhood - for -rnsk- hyrnt + ˈhɪn̥t horned (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -rnt- þorps + ˈθɔr̥(p)s small village, hamlet (indef gen sg) - for -rps- skerpst + ˈscɛ(r̥)st having become clearer, having sharpened (intrans) (supine) - for -rpst- skyrpti + ˈscɪr̥tɪ spit (1/3 sg past indic) - for -rpt- skerpts + ˈscɛr̥(t)s sharpened (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -rpts- norskur + ˈnɔ(r̥)skʏr Norwegian - for -rsk- fjarski + ˈfja(r̥)scɪ vast distance, far distance - for -rsk- + "front" vowel (i/e/æ/ei) þorsks + ˈθɔr̥s[careful or natural pronunciation],ˈθɔsks[careful or natural pronunciation],ˈθɔsː[fast/allegro pronunciation] cod; fool (indef gen sg) - for -rsks- gerskt + ˈcɛ(r̥)st Russian (historical) (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -rskt- sparsla + ˈspa(r̥)stla to spackle, to plaster, to fill holes in - for -rsl- versna + ˈvɛ(r̥)stna to deteriorate, to get worse - for -rsn- berst + ˈpɛ(r̥)st to fight, to struggle; to travel far (1/2/3 sg pres indic) - for -r(r)st- fyrsts + ˈfɪsts[careful or natural pronunciation],ˈfɪsː[fast/allegro pronunciation] first (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -rsts- sortna + ˈsɔr̥tna to darken, to turn dark - for -rtn- svarts + ˈsvar̥(t)s black (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -r(r)ts- disklingur + ˈtɪskliŋkʏr diskette - for -skl- hyskni + ˈhɪsknɪ laziness, sloth - for -skn- lúskra + ˈluskra to beat up, to thrash - for -skr- fisks + ˈfɪsks[careful pronunciation],ˈfɪsː[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] fish (indef gen sg) - for -sks- frískt + ˈfrist healthy; brisk; fresh (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -skt- splitta + ˈsplɪhta to split - for -spl- kaspneskur + ˈkʰaspnɛskʏr Caspian (rare) - for -spn- gaspra + ˈkaspra to gossip - for -spr- rasps + ˈrasps[careful pronunciation],ˈrasː[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] breadcrumbs; rasp (indef gen sg) - for -sps- systkin + ˈsɪs(t)cɪn siblings - for -stk- prests + ˈpʰrɛsts[careful pronunciation],ˈpʰrɛsː[natural or fast/allegro pronunciation] priest (indef gen sg) - for -sts- höstla + ˈhœstla (slang) to pick up, to hook up with (someone) - for -stl- kristni + ˈkʰrɪstnɪ Christianity - for -stn- fóstra + ˈfoustra to foster - for -str- vatns + ˈvasː water; lake (indef gen sg) - for -tns- ## Additional cluster words (from Handbók um íslenskan framburð) allra + ˈatl̥ra ... of all elri + ˈɛlrɪ alder tree fullnaðar + ˈfʏtl̥naðar final; conclusive (prefix) elna + ˈɛlna to grow (intrans); to worsen snilld + ˈstnɪlt genius, mastery felldi + ˈfɛltɪ pleated (weak masc nom sg) viðfelldnir [-fe] ˈvɪð.fɛltnɪr pleasant, nice, agreeable (strong masc nom pl) allt + ˈal̥t everything; all the ..., the whole ... stilltur + ˈstɪl̥tʏr quiet; tranquil villtra + ˈvɪl̥tra wild; disoriented; ferocious, savage (strong all-gender gen pl) illska [i:í] ˈilska evil; malice; anger hellst + ˈhɛlst preferably, especially; primarily fellst + ˈfɛlst agree (1/2/3 sg pres indic) ills viti [il:íl] ˈils ˈvɪːtɪ bad omen, jinx Halls + ˈhals Halls cough drops, or Halls (British/American surname) alls + als all together, in total Falls + ˈfals (in Niagara Falls, Victoria Falls, etc.) ## Additional cluster words (from Handbók um íslenskan framburð) sargla + ˈsartla to clatter, to rattle; to make a scraping sound (literary) - for -rgl- bernskt + ˈpɛ(r)nst childish; naive (strong neut nom/acc sg) - for -rnskt- bernsks + ˈpɛ(r)ns(ks) childish; naive (strong masc/neut gen sg) - for -rnsks- ### Words with indicated affixes bralls [+s] ˈpratl̥s of mischief; of a scheme, speculation (indef gen sg) falls [+s] ˈfatl̥s of a fall; of a collapse; (linguistics) of a case; (mathematics) of a function (indef gen sg) Halls [+s] ˈhatl̥s of Hallur (surname) (gen sg) sviðs [ð+s] ˈsvɪːðs of a subject, domain; of a stage (indef gen sg) sviðs + ˈsvɪðs of a subject, domain; of a stage (indef gen sg) lags [+s] ˈlaːxs of a layer; of a form, shape; of a song (indef gen sg) lags + ˈlaks of a layer; of a form, shape; of a song (indef gen sg) ### Compound words ## First part ends in a vowel áfall [-fa] ˈauː.fatl̥ shock, trauma; dew áklæði [-kl] ˈauː.kʰlaiːðɪ upholstery ígerð [-ge] ˈiː.cɛrð abscess ófarir [-fa] ˈouː.faːrɪr misfortunes, faiilures (pl.) fégjarn [-gj] ˈfjɛː.cartn̥ greedy for money; avaricious bústaður [-st] ˈpuː.staːðʏr dwelling, abode; cabin ósköp + ˈouskœp really, quite; heaps, loads - informal ## Second part begins with a vowel or an h + vowel miðaldir [-al] ˈmɪːð.altɪr Middle Ages sameign [-ei] ˈsaːm.eikn̥ shared asset; communal space úrillur [-il] ˈuːr.ɪtlʏr grumpy; sullen alheimur [-he] ˈaːl.heiːmʏr universe, cosmos (poetic) ljóshaf [-ha] ˈljouːs.haːv sea of light ríghalda [-ha] ˈriːɣ.halta hold tight ríghélt [-hé] ˈrix.çɛl̥t,ˈriɣ.çɛl̥t held tight (1st/3rd. sg. past indic) - [note that hé- doesn't count as h+vowel because -é- is phonemically /jɛ/] ## First part ends in -p, -t, -k or -s and second part begins with a consonant or cluster (MANY EXCEPTIONS) taprekstur [-re] ˈtʰaːp.rɛkstʏr loss-making business atkvæði [-kv] ˈaːt.kʰvaiːðɪ syllable mótlæti [-læ] ˈmouːt.laiːtɪ adversity; misfortune biksvartur [-sv] ˈpɪːk.svar̥tʏr pitch black saklaus [-la] ˈsaːk.lœiːs innocent húsmaður [-ma] ˈhuːs.maːðʏr farmhand (archaic) íslenskur [-le] ˈiːs.lɛnskʏr Icelandic ## First part ends in another consonant (resonant, or fricative other than -s) and second part begins with a consonant or cluster aðferð [-fe] ˈað.fɛrð method - afgreiða [-gr] ˈav.kreiːða to serve; to deal with; to complete, to process - laglaus [-lau] ˈlaɣ.lœiːs tone-deaf - vegsama [-sa] ˈvɛx.saːma,ˈvɛɣ.saːma to praise, to glorify - Dalvík [-ví] ˈtal.viːk [female given name] - kolsvartur [-sv] ˈkʰɔl.svar̥tʏr coal black - máltíð [-tí] ˈmaul.tʰiːð meal; mealtime - stórgerður [-ge] ˈstour.cɛrðʏr rugged, coarse-hewn (of facial features); coarse, crude - vorkoma [-ko] ˈvɔr̥.kʰɔːma arrival of spring - note the devoiced r before written <k> in this case across compound boundaries frumlegur [-le] ˈfrʏm.lɛːɣʏr original, novel - vinsemd [-se] ˈvɪn.sɛmt friendliness, kindness - aftaka [-ta] ˈav.tʰaːka[modern],ˈaf.tʰaːka[older] to refuse; execution (killing) - devoiced f before written <t> in this case across compound boundaries especially in older speech; [pronounced with /v/ in https://enska.arnastofnun.is/en/ord/2721/tungumal/EN] ## First part ending in /d/ (after /l/ or /n/), drops before /d/ or /t/ sanddæla [-dæ] ˈsan.taiːla sand pump sundtök [-tö] ˈsʏn.tʰœːk swimming strokes (pl.) hundtík [-tí] ˈhʏn.tʰiːk female dog, bitch ## First part ending in /d/ (after /l/ or /n/), optionally drops before /s/; "tends to be dropped before /s/, especially in common words" andskoti [-sk] ˈan(t).skɔːtɪ devil fiend; fucking (adv.) [pronounced with [tʰ] and short [ɔ] in https://enska.arnastofnun.is/en/ord/3292/tungumal/EN] handsama [-sa] ˈhan(t).saːma to seize; to capture; to arrest hundskamma [-sk] ˈhʏn(t).skam(ː)a to scold severely, to chew out eldspýta [-sp] ˈɛl(t).spiːta match (for flame) kvöldskóli [-sk] ˈkʰvœl(t).skouːlɪ night school broddstafur [-st] ˈprɔt.staːvʏr metal-tipped cane; accented letter ## First part endiing in /d/ (after /l/ or /n/), should not drop before /b/ (except in slopppy/colloquial language) kvöldblað [-bl] ˈkʰvœlt.plaːð evening newspaper handbörur [-bö] ˈhant.pœːrʏr hand stretcher (litter for transporting an injured, sick or dead person) valdboð [-bo] ˈvalt.pɔːð instruction, command ## First part endiing in /ð/, remains voiced even if aspirated consonant follows ## /ð/ tends to drop, especially between consonants (with devoicing of a preceding /r/ before an aspirated stop or voiceless fricative/approximant other than /h/ + vowel), but in fast speech even after a vowel (with lengthening of the vowel) biðtími [-tí] ˈpɪð.tʰiːmɪ wait, waiting time viðtal [-ta] ˈvɪð.tʰaːl interview varðturn [-tu] ˈvarð.tʰʏrtn̥ watchtower aðkrepptur [-kr] ˈað.kʰrɛftʏr pressed (for time, money); cramped, confined ráðkænska [-kæ] ˈrauð.cʰainska resourcefulness, astuteness viðkvæði [-kv] ˈvɪð.kʰvaiːðɪ refrain, chorus aðkoma [-ko] ˈað.kʰɔːma situation; involvement; driveway borðbúnaður [-bú] ˈpɔrðˌpuːnaðʏr tableware - [/u/ given as short but apparently a typo; compare treggáfaður below with long á] bragðbetri [-be] ˈpraɣð.pɛːtrɪ tastier, more delicious harðbrjósta [-br] ˈharð.prjousta heartless, callous orðtak [-ta] ˈɔrð.tʰaːk expression, idiom viðtæki [-tæ] ˈvɪð.tʰaiːcɪ radio set; extensive, far-reaching (nom. masc. sg. weak) verðmyndun [-my] ˈvɛrð.mɪntʏn price determination verðskulda [-sk] ˈvɛrð.skʏlta to deserve, to merit ## Names with /ð/ at the end of a compound, which conventionally drops or assimilates Bárðdælir [-dæ] ˈpaurð.taiːlɪr [placename] Bárðdælir Bár-dælir ˈpaur.taiːlɪr [placename] - local pronunciation Norðfjörður [-fj] ˈnɔrð.fjœrðʏr [placename] Norðfjörður Nor-fjörður ˈnɔr̥.fjœrðʏr [placename] - local pronunciation Norðlendingur [-le] ˈnɔrðˌlɛntiŋkʏr [placename] Norðlendingur Nor-lendingur ˈnɔrˌlɛntiŋkʏr [placename] - local pronunciation Norðlingar [-li] ˈnɔrð.liŋkar [placename] Norðlingar Nor-lingar ˈnɔr.liŋkar [placename] - local pronunciation Breiðdalur [-da] ˈpreið.taːlʏr [placename] Breiðdalur Brei[t]-dalur ˈpreit.talʏr [placename] - local pronunciation [it appears vowels are short directly after a geminate] Skriðdalur [-da] ˈskrɪð.taːlʏr [placename] Skriðdalur Skri[t]-dalur ˈskrɪt.talʏr [placename] - local pronunciation ## First part ending in /f/, which becomes [v] before a vowel, voiced sound, unaspirated stop or /h/ + vowel ofætlun [-æt] ˈɔːv.aihtlʏn insurmountable task afdalur [-da] ˈav.taːlʏr side valley; isolated valley rafgeymir [-ge] ˈrav.ceiːmɪr accumulator, storage battery hafgola [-go] ˈhav.kɔːla sea breeze afhausa [-ha] ˈaːv.hœiːsa to behead afhausa a-fausa ˈaː.fœiːsa to behead - with assimilation lífláta [-lá] ˈliv.lauːta to put to death, to execute; execution, murder (gen pl indef) rafneisti [-ne] ˈrav.neistɪ electric spark rafreiknir [-re] ˈrav.reihknɪr (historical) computer ## First part ending in /f/, which becomes [f] before &lt;s> and in older pronunciation before other voiceless fricatives and approximants and aspirated stops afhjúpa [-hj] ˈav.çuːpa[modern],ˈaf.çuːpa[older] to unveil; to reveal afhrak [-hr] ˈav.r̥aːk[modern],ˈaf.r̥aːk[older] outcast, pariah afkimi [-ki] ˈav.cʰɪːmɪ[modern],ˈaf.cʰɪːmɪ[older] nook, corner afkoma [-ko] ˈav.kʰɔːma[modern],ˈaf.kʰɔːma[older] profits, financial situation aftaka [-ta] ˈav.tʰaːka[modern],ˈaf.tʰaːka[older] to refuse; execution (killing) raftækni [-tæ] ˈrav.tʰaihknɪ[modern],ˈraf.tʰaihknɪ[older] electronics Riftún [-tú] ˈrɪv.tʰuːn[modern],ˈrɪf.tʰuːn[older] [placename, a farm in the municipality of Ölfus in South Iceland] afskekktur [-sk] ˈaf.scɛxtʏr remote, isolated, secluded afstaða [-st] ˈaf.staːða position, attitude, stance; location ofhleðsla [-hl] ˈɔv.l̥ɛðstla[modern],ˈɔf.l̥ɛðstla[older] overload ofhvörf [-hv] ˈɔv.kʰvœrv[modern],ˈɔf.kʰvœrv[older] hyperbole; (linguistics) semantic bleaching ofsjónir [-sj] ˈɔf.sjouːnɪr hallucinations ## First part ending in /f/, which formerly could become [p] before /l/ or /n/ across a compound boundary (as is normal when not across a boundary); now rare Hafliði Hăp-liði ˈhap.lɪːðɪ [placename] - dialectal líflegur lí̆p-legur ˈlip.lɛːɣʏr lively, spirited - dialectal Stafnes Stăp-nes ˈstap.nɛːs [placename] - dialectal ## First part ending in /f/, which tends to form a geminate before <f> or <v> (but aff- can sometimes be [avf-]); directly after a geminate, it seems the next vowel must be short affall [-fa] ˈaf.fatl̥ outflow; wastewater afferma [-fe] ˈaf.fɛrma to unload ofveiði [-ve] ˈɔv.veiðɪ overfishing; overhunting ofviti [-vi] ˈɔv.vɪtɪ genius, prodigy; idiot savant ## First part ending in /f/, before /m/; assimilates informally in common words afmá [-má] ˈav.mauː[formal],ˈam.mau[informal] to wipe, to erase afmynda [-my] ˈav.mɪnta[formal],ˈam.mɪnta[informal] to distort, to deform afmæli [-mæ] ˈav.maiːlɪ[formal],ˈam.mailɪ[informal] birthday, anniversary afmæli a-mæli ˈaː.maiːlɪ birthday, anniversary - alternative pronunciation ## First part ending in /f/, before a labial; it becomes [v] or (in everyday speech, but not formal speech) assimilates to the labial rafmagn [-ma] ˈrav.makn̥[formal],ˈram.makn̥[informal] electricity afbera [-be] ˈav.pɛːra[formal],ˈap.pɛra[informal] to tolerate, to bear afbragð [-br] ˈav.praɣð[formal],ˈap.praɣð[informal] excellent thing/person ofboðslegur [-bo,-le] ˈɔv.pɔðsˌlɛːɣʏr[formal],ˈɔp.pɔðsˌlɛːɣʏr[informal] tremendous, enormous; terrible, awful ofboðslegur o-boðs-legur ˈɔː.pɔðsˌlɛːɣʏr tremendous, enormous; terrible, awful - alternative informal form ## First part ending in soft /g/, which becomes [ɣ] before a vowel, voiced sound, unaspirated stop or /h/ + vowel ## Commonly in fast speech, especially in common words, the [ɣ] is dropped before a consonant and the preceding vowel lengthened; not acceptable in formal speech. augljós [-lj] ˈœiɣ.ljouːs obvious, apparent dagblað [-bl] ˈtaɣ.plaːð newspaper daglegur [-le] ˈtaɣ.lɛːɣʏr daily, everyday dagmamma [-mam] ˈtaɣ.mam(ː)a childminder, daycare provider, childcare provider fagmaður [-ma] ˈfaɣ.maːðʏr professional, expert hagræða [-ræ] ˈhaɣ.raiːða get comfortable; adjust, sort out; economize; adapt, modify laghentur [-he] ˈlaːɣ.hɛn̥tʏr handy, dexterous legbólga [-bó] ˈlɛɣ.poulka uterine inflammation nagdýr [-dý] ˈnaɣ.tiːr rodent sogæðar [-æð] ˈsɔːɣ.aiːðar lymphatic vessels treggáfaður [-gá] ˈtʰrɛɣˌkauː(v)aðʏr slow-witted, dim ## First part ending in soft /g/, which becomes [x] before a voiceless fricative or approximant or aspirated stop (other than /h/ + vowel) ## Alternatively ("also quite common"), pronounced as voiced. ## Not commonly dropped when voiceless even in fast speech (but sometimes when pronounced as voiced). dagkaup [-ka] ˈtax.kʰœiːp,ˈtaɣ.kʰœiːp daily wage dagpeningar [-pe] ˈtaxˌpʰɛːniŋkar,ˈtaɣˌpʰɛːniŋkar daily allowance, per diem hagkerfi [-ke] ˈhax.cʰɛrvɪ,ˈhaɣ.cʰɛrvɪ economic system, economy logsuða [-su] ˈlɔx.sʏːða,ˈlɔɣ.sʏːða welding sagtenntur [-te] ˈsax.tʰɛn̥tʏr,ˈsaɣ.tʰɛn̥tʏr serrate (of a leaf) vegspotti [-sp] ˈvɛx.spɔhtɪ,ˈvɛɣ.spɔhtɪ stretch of road, short distance vegtylla [-ty] ˈvɛx.tʰɪtla,ˈvɛɣ.tʰɪtla honor, prestige; credit, kudos víghreiður [-hr] ˈvix.r̥eiːðʏr,ˈviɣ.r̥eiːðʏr pillbox, fortified bunker ## First part ending in soft /g/, which is dropped after á, ó, ú (as in non-compound words). lágnætti [-næ] ˈlauɣ.naihtɪ,ˈlauː.naihtɪ midnight (dated) skóglendi [-le] ˈskouɣ.lɛntɪ,ˈskouː.lɛntɪ woodland, wooded area drjúgvirkur [-vi] ˈtrjuɣ.vɪr̥kʏr,ˈtrjuː.vɪr̥kʏr efficient, highly effective ## First part ending in /k/: pre-aspirated in some common compound words einstaklingur ein-stakk-lingur ˈein.stahkˌliŋkʏr individual, person klaklaust klakk-laust ˈkʰlahk.lœist safe and sound (also spelled "klakklaust") líklegur líkk-legur ˈlihk.lɛːɣʏr likely, probable líklegur [-le] ˈliːk.lɛːɣʏr likely, probable - alternative pronunciation; note long vowel in first component before <k> ## First part ending in /k/: not pre-aspirated in less common compound words laklega [-le] ˈlaːk.lɛːɣa poorly, insufficiently, substandardly lokleysa [-le] ˈlɔːk.leiːsa nonsense, rubbish ## First part ending in /k/: disappears before <g> and <k> bakgrunnur [-gr] ˈpaː.krʏn(ː)ʏr background strákkjáni [-kj] ˈstrauː.cʰauːnɪ silly/foolish boy, goofy lad blekklessa [-kl] ˈplɛː.kʰlɛs(ː)a ink blot þakgluggi [-gl] ˈθaː.klʏc(ː)ɪ skylight ## mf, mv, ns (also in non-compound words): shows up with frication (e.g. [ṽf], [z̃s]); in fast and informal speech, a nasalized vowel results framfarir [-fa] ˈfram.faːrɪr advancements, strides framvinda [-vi] ˈfram.vɪnta progress; development samferða [-fe] ˈsam.fɛrða traveling with, accompanying (adj) umferð [-fe] ˈʏm.fɛrð traffic, congestion; flow; cycle, round innsýn [-sý] ˈɪn.siːn insight, perception vansvefta [-sv] ˈvan.svɛfta sleep-deprived ## <ns>, <nns> in non-compound words: dansa + ˈtansa to dance eins + ˈeins identical; equal; identically, equally vinnsla + ˈvɪnstla processing (noun) ## <n-b> across a compound boundary informally becomes /mp/, <n-k> informally becomes /ŋkʰ/; in colloquial speech the <n> may drop but this is frowned on in formal speech einbúi eim-búi ˈeim.puːɪ loner, hermit, recluse - informal einbýlishús eim-býlis-hús ˈeim.piːlɪsˌhuːs detached house, single-family home - informal innbú imm-bú ˈɪm.puː household goods - informal Innbær ɪmm-bær ˈɪm.paiːr inner city - informal innansleikjur [-sl] ˈɪn(ː)anˌstleiːcʏr trifles undanbrögð undam-brögð ˈʏntamˌprœɣð excuses, pretexts - informal undankoma undaŋ-koma ˈʏntaŋˌkʰɔːma escape, way out - informal ## &lt;p> across a compound boundary disappears before <b>, &lt;p> kaupbætir [-bæ] ˈkʰœiː.paiːtɪr added bonus, something coming along "in the bargain" kaupbinding [-bi] ˈkʰœiː.pɪntiŋk wage freeze lopband [-ba] ˈlɔː.pant band or ribbon of coarse wool yarn - book says [lɔpːand], probably a mistake uppbót [-bó] ˈʏh.pouːt supplement; compensation - book says [ʏhbout], probably a mistake ## &lt;p> across a compound boundary especially in kaup- and upp- informally assimilates to a geminate /fː/ before <f>, with shortening of preceding and following vowels if long; not in formal speech kaupfélag [-fé,-la] ˈkʰœiːp.fjɛːˌlaːɣ[formal],ˈkʰœif.fjɛːˌlaːɣ[informal] (merchant) cooperative kaupfélag kau-fé-lag ˈkʰœiː.fjɛːˌlaːɣ (merchant) cooperative - alternative informal pronunciation kaupfar [-fa] ˈkʰœiːp.faːr[formal],ˈkʰœif.far[informal] merchant ship; trader kaupfar kau-far ˈkʰœiː.faːr merchant ship; trader - alternative informal pronunciation upp fyrir [‿] ˈʏhp.fɪːrɪr[formal],ˈʏf.fɪrɪr[informal] above uppfræða [-fr] ˈʏhp.fraiːða[formal],ˈʏf.fraiːða[informal] educate; inform ## &lt;p> across a compound boundary sometimes becomes /f/ before &lt;s> and <t> (with shortening of a preceding vowel if long), across a compound boundary kaupsýsla [-sý] ˈkʰœiːp.sistla[formal],ˈkʰœif.sistla[informal] trade, commerce kauptíð [-tí] ˈkʰœiːp.tʰiːð[formal],ˈkʰœif.tʰiːð[informal] trading season (historical) kauptrygging [-tr] ˈkʰœiːp.tʰrɪc(ː)iŋk[formal],ˈkʰœif.tʰrɪc(ː)iŋk[informal] guaranteed minimum wage ## &lt;p> across a compound boundary may be aspirated before /m/ kaupmaður [-ma] ˈkʰœiːp.maːðʏr,ˈkʰœihp.maːðʏr merchant, trader kaupmennska [-me] ˈkʰœiːp.mɛnska,ˈkʰœihp.mɛnska commerce, business Kaupmannahöfn [-ma,-hö] ˈkʰœiːp.man(ː)aˌhœpn̥,ˈkʰœihp.man(ː)aˌhœpn̥ Copenhagen ## First part of compound ending in <r>, which becomes devoiced before a voiceless fricative or approximant or aspirated stop (other than /h/ + vowel) ## 1. Before &lt;p>, <t>, <k>, &lt;s>: kórsöngur [-sö] ˈkʰour̥.sœiŋkʏr choral singing leirker [-ke] ˈleir̥.cʰɛːr ceramic pot nærpils [-pi] ˈnair̥.pʰɪls slip (woman's garment), petticoat nærtækur [-tæ] ˈnair̥.tʰaiːkʏr obvious, evident, at hand sérstakur [-st] ˈsjɛr̥.staːkʏr particular; specific, distinct; special, unusual; distinctive, exceptional vorkuldar [-ku] ˈvɔr̥.kʰʏltar cold spells in spring úrkoma [-ko] ˈur̥.kʰɔːma rainfall, precipitation ## 2. Before <þ>, <hj>, <hl>, <hn> (also presumably <f> but no examples given): búrhnífur [-hn] ˈpur̥.n̥iːvʏr kitchen knife ferhjóla [-hj] ˈfɛr̥.çouːla four-wheeled varhluta [-hl] ˈvar̥.l̥ʏːta cheated of, deprived of vorhláka [-hl] ˈvɔr̥.l̥auːka spring thaw vorþing [-þi] ˈvɔr̥.θiŋk spring parliament, spring session ## 3. Assimilation before <hr>: [note, following vowels shortened after double consonant from assimilation, probably a general rule] úrhrak [-hr] ˈur̥.r̥ak scum, dregs; scoundrel, wretch vorhret [-hr] ˈvɔr̥.r̥ɛt cold spell in spring ## 4. <r> at the end of an inflection at the end of the first part of a compound often dropped, especially informally in common words: eftirsjá efti-sjá ˈɛftɪˌsjauː regret, sense of loss eftirtekt efti-tekt ˈɛftɪˌtʰɛxt attention, heed hjálpargögn hjálpa-gögn ˈçaul̥paˌkœkn̥ aid, help; (in plural) emergency aid, emergency supplies Strandarkirkja Stranda-kirkja ˈstrantaˌcʰɪr̥ca Coastal Church (a particular famous Lutheran church) koparstunga kopa-stunga ˈkʰɔːpaˌstuŋka copperplate undarlegur unda-legur ˈʏntaˌlɛːɣʏr weird, strange yfirlæti yfi-læti ˈɪːvɪˌlaiːtɪ haughtiness; hubris, arrogance ## &lt;s> at the end of the first part of a compound is maintained unless the second part begins with an &lt;s> ríkissjóður [-sj] ˈriːcɪˌsjouːðʏr national treasury, public purse heimssýn [-sý] ˈheim.siːn worldview; panorama landssamband [-sa,-ba] ˈlan(t).samˌpant national association minnisstæður [-st] ˈmɪn(ː)ɪˌstaiːðʏr memorable, unforgettable námsstjóri [-st] ˈnaum.stjouːrɪ director of studies Sigurðsson [-so] ˈsɪːɣʏrðˌsɔːn [patronymic] Sigurðsson Sigurs-son ˈsɪːɣʏr̥ˌsɔːn [patronymic] - reduced pronunciation sveinsstykki [-st] ˈsvein.stɪhcɪ journeyman's piece [required work of art to finish apprenticeship] Sveinsson [-so] ˈsvein.sɔːn [patronymic] annars staðar annars‿staðar ˈan(ː)ar̥ˌstaːðar elsewhere annars staðar annas‿staðar ˈan(ː)aˌstaːðar elsewhere - reduced pronunciation alls staðar alls‿staðar ˈalˌstaːðar everywhere sums staðar sums‿staðar ˈsʏmˌstaːðar in some places á móti á‿móti ˈauː‿moutɪ against, versus ## with assimilation involving &lt;s> prestsekkja pres[:]-ekkja ˈpʰrɛsː.ɛhca priest's widow - the notation [:] forces a geminate prestssetur pre[s]-setur ˈpʰrɛs.sɛtʏr vicarage, parsonage - the notation [s] forces an /s/ even where it would be otherwise dropped; NOTE: immediately before and after a geminate, long vowels are shortened Vatnsdalur Vas[:]-dalur ˈvasː.taːlʏr [placename; Lake Valley, northwest Iceland] Mývatnssveit Mýva-sveit ˈmiːvaˌsveiːt [placename; (Lake) Mývatn Region, northeast Iceland] ## <t>; in some words at the end of the first component of a compound before <l> or <t> at the beginning of the second component, there is pre-aspiration, as if a non-compound word ágætlega á-gætt-lega ˈauː.caihtˌlɛːɣa well, fine - alternative pronunciation móttaka mótt-taka ˈmouh.tʰaːka reception (event, function); reception desk; (in the pl.) reception, welcome - alternative pronunciation róttækur rótt-tækur ˈrouh.tʰaiːkʏr radical, extreme - alternative pronunciation vitleysa vitt-leysa ˈvɪht.leiːsa nonsense, gibberish; mistake, blunder - usual pronunciation vitlaus vitt-laus ˈvɪht.lœiːs stupid, foolish; wrong; crazy - usual pronunciation mótlæti mótt-læti ˈmouht.laiːtɪ adversity, misfortune East Iceland útnorðan útt-norðan ˈuht.nɔrðan from the northwest East Iceland átmatur áht-matur ˈauht.maːtʏr solid food (as opposed to porridge, etc.) East Iceland Grjótnes Grjótt-nes ˈkrjouht.nɛːs [placename in the Slétta region] Northeast Iceland Votmúli Vott-múli ˈvɔht.muːlɪ [town in Flói] regional ## <t>; normal pronunciation according to the usual rules for compounds; /t/ drops before <t> or <d> ágætlega [-gæ,-le] ˈauː.caiːtˌlɛːɣa well, fine - normal pronunciation; book says ['au:caitlɛ:ɣa] but this may be a mistake litlaus [-la] ˈlɪːt.lœiːs colorless; bland, dull skrautlegur [-le] ˈskrœiːt.lɛːɣʏr decorative, ornamental, brilliant móttaka [-ta] ˈmouː.tʰaːka reception (event, function); reception desk; (in the pl.) reception, welcome - normal pronunciation róttækur [-tæ] ˈrouː.tʰaiːkʏr radical, extreme - normal pronunciation ritdómur [-dó] ˈrɪː.touːmʏr review, critique - pronounced as [ˈrɪːtᵊˌtouːmʏr] with double articulation (two releases) in https://enska.arnastofnun.is/en/ord/33391/tungumal/EN, although the book proscribes this; note that the website's pronunciation of <þátttaka> does not have double articulation or gemination þátttaka [-ta] ˈθauh.tʰaːka participation eitthvað [-hv] ˈeiht.kʰvaːð something sitthvað [-hv] ˈsɪht.kʰvaːð a few, some eitthvað eihkvað ˈeihkvað something - informal sitthvað sihkvað ˈsɪhkvað a few, some - informal ## double letters at the end of compounds before a consonant barrtré [-tr] ˈparː.tʰrjɛː conifer - -rr appears to be an exception to geminate reduction before consonants kyrrstæður [-st] ˈcʰɪrː.staiːðʏr stationary, immobile rassskellur [-sk] ˈra.scɛtlʏr spank, smack rassvasi [-va] ˈras.vaːsɪ back pocket innsýn [-sý] ˈɪn.siːn insight, perception ## misc compounds buffhamar [-ha] ˈpʏf.haːmar meat tenderizer eggfruma [-fr] ˈɛk.frʏːma egg cell, ovum geimsteinn [-st] ˈceim.steitn̥ meteoroid loftsteinn [-st] ˈlɔft.steitn̥ meteorite skipstjóri ski[f]-stjóri ˈscɪf.stjouːrɪ captain - [not with /f/ in https://enska.arnastofnun.is/en/ord/36534/tungumal/EN] Melrakkaslétta [-ra,-sl] ˈmɛl.rahkaˌstljɛhta [placename, peninsula in northeast Iceland] Raufarhöfn [-hö] ˈrœiːvarˌhœpn̥ [village in Melrakkaslétta peninsula] Heimskautsgerði [-sk,-ge] ˈheim.skœitsˌcɛrðɪ [Arctic Henge, a modern mystical monument near the village of Raufarhöfn] Hraunhafnartangaviti [-ha,-ta,-vi] ˈr̥œiːn.hapnar̥ˌtʰauŋkaˌvɪːtɪ [Hraunhafnartanga Lighthouse, the northernmost lighthouse in Iceland] Hraunhafnartangaviti [-ha,-ta,-vi] ˈr̥œiːn.hapnar̥ˌtʰauŋkaˌvɪːtʰɪ [Hraunhafnartanga Lighthouse, the northernmost lighthouse in Iceland] northeast Eyjafjallajökull [-fj,-jö] ˈeijaˌfjatlaˌjœːkʏtl̥ [well-known volcano in southern Iceland] jökulhlaup [-hl] ˈjœːkʏl̥ˌl̥œip [type of glacial outburst flood] Brennisteinsalda [-st,-al] ˈprɛn(ː)ɪˌsteins.alta [volcano in southern Iceland] Fljótsdalshérað [-da,-hé] ˈfljouts.talsˌçɛːrað [former municipality in eastern Iceland] Akureyri [-ey] ˈaːkʏrˌeiːrɪ [large town in northern Iceland] Akureyri [-ey] ˈaːkʰʏrˌeiːrɪ [large town in northern Iceland] north offituvandamál [-fi,-va,-má] ˈɔf.fɪtʏˌvantaˌmauːl (in the plural) problem of obesity fjáraflamaður [-af,-ma] ˈfjauːr.aplaˌmaːðʏr tycoon, magnate sauðfjárbúskapur [-fj,-bú,-sk] ˈsœið.fjaurˌpuː.skaːpʏr sheep farming, sheep husbandry sauðfjárveikivarnir [-fj,-ve,-va] ˈsœið.fjaurˌveiːcɪˌvartnɪr measures to prevent the spread of sheep disease - [in https://enska.arnastofnun.is/en/ord/64828/tungumal/EN, sauð- and veiki- appear long] saumavélarnál [-vé,-ná] ˈsœiːmaˌvjɛːlarˌnauːl sewing machine needle félagsmálaráðuneyti [-lag,-má,-rá,-ne] ˈfjɛː.laksˌmauːlaˌrauːðʏˌneiːtɪ ministry of social affairs deildarhjúkrunarfræðingur [-hj,-fr] ˈteiltar̥ˌçuːkrʏnar̥ˌfraiːðiŋkʏr head nurse (lit. "ward registered nurse", more lit. "ward nursing expert") aðstoðarforstjóri [-sto,-fo,-stj] ˈað.stɔːðar̥ˌfɔr̥.stjouːrɪ assistant director handknattleiksþjálfari [-kn,-le,--þj] ˈhant.kʰnaht.leiksˌθjaulvarɪ handball coach húðsjúkdómafræði [-sj,-dó,--fr] ˈhuð.sjuːk.touːmaˌfraiːðɪ dermatology hópkynlíf [--ky,-lí] ˈhouːpˌcʰɪn.liːv group sex fjárbúskapur [--bú,-sk] ˈfjaurˌpuː.skaːpʏr sheep raising - [in https://enska.arnastofnun.is/en/ord/62651/tungumal/EN, however, fjár- is long] Aristóteles [`le] ˈaːrɪsˌtoutɛˌlɛs Aristoteles Daníel [`el] ˈtaːniˌjɛl Daniel Andersen [`se] ˈantɛr̥ˌsɛn Andersen (surname) Jóhannes [`ne] ˈjouːha(n)ˌnɛs Jóhannes (given name) inséníör [`ör] ˈɪnsjɛniˌjœr engineer (dated) kajak + ˈkʰaijak kayak tengsl + ˈtʰeiŋstl̥ connection klénn + ˈkʰljɛtn̥ poor, feeble; indisposed hrökkva + ˈr̥œhkva to jump, to jolt; to shatter, to fall apart höggva + ˈhœkːva to chop; to slash ökkli + ˈœhklɪ ankle pikkles + ˈpʰɪhklɛs sweet relish; pickle, problematic situation (informal) kryppla + ˈkʰrɪhpla to crumple pyttla + ˈpʰɪhtla hip flask sloj + ˈstlɔj under the weather (colloquial) maí maj ˈmaj May ]==] return export gq8nn8j31p59qju5c0z71mtowex5yyy 828 297669 399999 2026-07-23T15:44:24Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "local tests = require("Module:UnitTests") local driver = require("Module:is-IPA/testcases/driver") local examples = require("Module:is-IPA/testcases/data").testcases function tests:check_ipa(spelling, respelling, expected, gloss, dialect, comment) return driver.check_ipa(self, spelling, respelling, expected, gloss, dialect, comment) end function tests:test() self:iterate(driver.parse(examples), "check_ipa") end..." 399999 Scribunto text/plain local tests = require("Module:UnitTests") local driver = require("Module:is-IPA/testcases/driver") local examples = require("Module:is-IPA/testcases/data").testcases function tests:check_ipa(spelling, respelling, expected, gloss, dialect, comment) return driver.check_ipa(self, spelling, respelling, expected, gloss, dialect, comment) end function tests:test() self:iterate(driver.parse(examples), "check_ipa") end return tests khlty9nrdgxmwa6812vu498096iuoge 828 297670 400000 2026-07-23T15:46:02Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#invoke:is-IPA/testcases|run_tests|differs_at=1|comments=1}} <includeonly> {{module cat|is}} </includeonly>" 400000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:is-IPA/testcases|run_tests|differs_at=1|comments=1}} <includeonly> {{module cat|is}} </includeonly> laj8rrtdnzlvhwqxlf7cykeur7ysdv0 400001 400000 2026-07-23T15:46:19Z 咽頭べさ 33 咽頭べさ ပြံင်ပဆုဲလဝ် မုက်လိက် [[မဝ်ဂျူ:is-IPA/testcases/doc]] ဇရေင် [[မဝ်ဂျူ:is-IPA/testcases/documentation]] သီုကဵု ဟွံဂွံ ဂိုင်စွံလဝ် မကလေင်ပညုင် 400000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:is-IPA/testcases|run_tests|differs_at=1|comments=1}} <includeonly> {{module cat|is}} </includeonly> laj8rrtdnzlvhwqxlf7cykeur7ysdv0 828 297671 400002 2026-07-23T15:47:14Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "local export = {} --[=[ This module contains driver code for running a given set of testcases for [[Module:is-IPA]]. The testcases are split into multiple subsets because there are too many of them to include in a single module (you get a time-expired error). The maximum number of testcases in a subset is not completely clear but it is somewhere between 600 and 1500. To create a new subset, copy an existing subset a..." 400002 Scribunto text/plain local export = {} --[=[ This module contains driver code for running a given set of testcases for [[Module:is-IPA]]. The testcases are split into multiple subsets because there are too many of them to include in a single module (you get a time-expired error). The maximum number of testcases in a subset is not completely clear but it is somewhere between 600 and 1500. To create a new subset, copy an existing subset and modify the testcases, and set up the corresponding documentation page as appropriate. For example, to create a subset specifically for English-origin words, copy an existing subset page such as [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/compounds]] to e.g. [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/english]]. Also copy the documentation page [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/compounds/documentation]] to e.g. [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/english/documentation]], modifying the module invocation reference in the documentation page as appropriate to point to your subset module. Then modify the testcases in e.g. [[Module:is-IPA/testcases/english]] according to the following format. Each line of the text is either a high-level header beginning with ###, a subheader beginning with ##, a comment beginning with #, a blank line or a testcase. Testcases consist of up to six fields delimited by two or more spaces. The first three fields, required, specify respectively the original spelling, the respelling as would be used in {{is-IPA}} (+ if the respelling is the same as the original spelling), and the expected IPA pronunciation. The fourth field, normally present, is an English gloss for the term in question. The optional fifth field is the dialect name; omit it or specify as - for the default dialect. The sixth field is an optional comment to be shown along with the example. Example #1: þorn + ˈθɔrtn̥ thorn This specifies a word [[þorn]] meaning "thorn", respelled as originally spelled ('þorn'), with IPA pronunciation [ˈθɔrtn̥]. The + indicates that the respelling is the same as the original spelling (in a call to {{is-IPA}}, the respelling would normally be omitted, but could be specified as `+`). Example #2: guð gvuð ˈkvʏːð God This specifies a word [[guð]] meaning "God", respelled `gvuð`, reflecting its normal pronunciation. Example #3: rúnnaður [nn:] ˈrun(ː)aðʏr rounded This specifies a word [[rúnnaður]] meaning "rounded". The respelling `[nn:]` is an example of substitution notation, which abbreviates the respelling (in this case the full respelling would be `rúnn:aður`). Example #4: vorkoma [-ko] ˈvɔr̥ˌkʰɔːma arrival of spring - note the devoiced r before written <k> in this case across compound boundaries This specifies a word [[vorkoma]] meaning "arrival of spring", respelled `[-ko]` (an abbreviation for `vor-koma`), with IPA pronunciation [ˈvɔr̥ˌkʰɔːma], in the standard dialect, with a comment explaining the pronunciation of written <r>. The hyphen in the respelling denotes a compound boundary. Example #5: útnorðan útt-norðan ˈuhtˌnɔrðan from the northwest northeast This specifies a word [[útnorðan]] "from the northwest" with respelling 'útt-norðan', with IPA pronunciation [ˈuhtˌnɔrðan], in the Northeast Iceland dialect. ]=] local m_is_IPA = require("Module:is-IPA") local m_links = require("Module:links") local lang = require("Module:languages").getByCode("is") local split = mw.text.split local insert = table.insert local concat = table.concat local function tag_IPA(IPA) return '<span class="IPA">' .. IPA .. "</span>" end local function link(text, gloss) return m_links.full_link{ term = text, lang = lang, gloss = gloss } end local options = { display = tag_IPA } function export.get_ipa_data(spelling, respelling, expected, gloss, dialect, comment) if dialect == "-" or dialect == "" then dialect = nil end local pronun_data = m_is_IPA.toIPA(respelling, dialect, spelling) local pronun_parts = {} for _, pronun in ipairs(pronun_data.pronuns) do local qualifier_parts = {} if pronun.qq then for _, q in ipairs(pronun.qq) do insert(qualifier_parts, "[" .. q .. "]") end end local qualifier_str = concat(qualifier_parts) insert(pronun_parts, pronun.pron .. qualifier_str) end local pronun_str = concat(pronun_parts, ",") return { term = spelling, orig_respelling = respelling, respelling = pronun_data.respelling, gloss = gloss, dialect = dialect, actual = pronun_str, expected = expected, comment = comment, } end -- Square brackets in a substitution notation like `[[f]]` will be interpreted as links unless we convert at least -- one bracket to an HTML escape. local function escape_brackets(respelling) return (respelling:gsub("%[", "&#91;")) end function export.check_ipa(self, respelling, spelling, expected, gloss, dialect, comment) local data = export.get_ipa_data(respelling, spelling, expected, gloss, dialect, comment) options.comment = data.comment or "" self:equals( link(data.term, data.gloss) .. ((data.orig_respelling == data.term or data.orig_respelling == "+") and "" or ", respelled " .. escape_brackets(data.orig_respelling)) .. (data.orig_respelling ~= data.respelling and data.respelling ~= data.term and " -> " .. data.respelling or "") .. (data.dialect and ", " .. data.dialect .. " dialect" or ""), data.actual, data.expected, options ) end function export.parse(testcases) -- The following is a list of parsed testcases where each element is a six-element list of -- {SPELLING, RESPELLING, EXPECTED, GLOSS, DIALECT, COMMENT}. SPELLING is the actual spelling of the term; -- RESPELLING is the respelling; EXPECTED is the phonemic IPA; GLOSS is an optional gloss or nil; -- DIALECT is the dialect code, or "-" for a blank dialect (standard); and COMMENT is an optional comment -- or nil. local parsed_testcases = {} -- Snarf each line. for line in testcases:gmatch("[^\n]+") do -- Trim whitespace at beginning and end. line = line:gsub("^%s*(.-)%s*$", "%1") local function err(msg) error(msg .. ": " .. line) end if line == "" then -- Skip blank lines. elseif line:find("^###") then -- Line beginning with ### is a high-level header. line = line:gsub("^###%s*", "") insert(parsed_testcases, "#h1:" .. line) elseif line:find("^##") then -- Line beginning with ## is a subheader. line = line:gsub("^##%s*", "") insert(parsed_testcases, line) elseif line:find("^#") then -- Line beginning with # is a comment; ignore. else local parts = split(line, " +") if #parts < 3 or #parts > 6 then err("Expected 3 to 6 components in testcase, separated by 2+ spaces") end insert(parsed_testcases, parts) end end return parsed_testcases end function export.generate_markdown_table(testcases) local parts = { "|term|respelling|expansion|dialect|actual|expected|matches|gloss|comment|", "|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|", } local parsed_testcases = export.parse(testcases) for _, parsed_testcase in ipairs(parsed_testcases) do if type(parsed_testcase) == "string" then local h1_header = parsed_testcase:match("^h1:(.*)$") if h1_header then insert(parts, "# " .. h1_header) else insert(parts, "## " .. parsed_testcase) end else local data = export.get_ipa_data(unpack(parsed_testcase)) local line_parts = {} insert(line_parts, data.term) insert(line_parts, data.orig_respelling) insert(line_parts, data.respelling) insert(line_parts, data.dialect or "") insert(line_parts, data.actual) insert(line_parts, data.expected) insert(line_parts, data.actual == data.expected and "YES" or "NO") insert(line_parts, data.gloss or "") insert(line_parts, data.comment or "") insert(parts, "|" .. concat(line_parts, "|") .. "|") end end return concat(parts, "\n") .. "\n" end function export.generate_markdown_table_bot(frame) local testcases = require(frame.args.module).testcases return export.generate_markdown_table(testcases) end return export 5sgn4bnneaewxiym5ak2y9fuyp2mxqt 10 297672 400004 2026-07-23T15:58:05Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{documentation subpage}} {{uses lua|is-IPA}} This template generates a pronunciation for Icelandic-language entries. ==Parameters== ; {{para|1}}, {{para|2}}, ... : The entry spellings or respellings. If unset or set to {{cd|+}}, defaults to the pagename. ; {{para|pagename}} : Overrides the pagename. ; {{para|dialect}} : Request a dialectal pronunciation. Currently recognized dialects are {{cd|north}}, {{cd|northeas..." 400004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{uses lua|is-IPA}} This template generates a pronunciation for Icelandic-language entries. ==Parameters== ; {{para|1}}, {{para|2}}, ... : The entry spellings or respellings. If unset or set to {{cd|+}}, defaults to the pagename. ; {{para|pagename}} : Overrides the pagename. ; {{para|dialect}} : Request a dialectal pronunciation. Currently recognized dialects are {{cd|north}}, {{cd|northeast}}, {{cd|south}} and {{cd|south-rounded}}. ==Usage== Simple example, for {{m|is|dóttir||daughter}}: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|pagename=dóttir}}</nowiki>}} Explicit pronunciation, for {{m|is|fjallsbrún||crest (of a mountain)}}: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|fjalls-brún}}</nowiki>}} Explicit pronunciation using substitution notation, for {{m|is|fjallsbrún||crest (of a mountain)}}: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[-br]|pagename=fjallsbrún}}</nowiki>}} In some cases, a single input produces multiple outputs, e.g. for {{m|is|afmæli||birthday}}: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[af-]|pagename=afmæli}}</nowiki>}} You can explicitly include qualifiers using ''inline modifiers'', e.g. for {{m|is|án||without}}; note that {{cd|+}} can be used explicitly if the respelling and spelling are the same: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|+<qq:when unstressed>|pagename=án}}</nowiki>}} Qualifiers can include embedded templates, and will be correctly handled: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|'á̆n<qq:when forming a phonetic unit with an unaccented pronoun, e.g. {{m|is||án þess|without it}}: {{IPA|is|/ˈaun.ðɛs/}}>|pagename=án}}</nowiki>}} Secondary stress is automatically generated when appropriate, e.g. for {{m|is|Eyjafjallajökull|ng=name of famous volcano in southern Iceland}}; note that in this case, {{cd|[-fj,-jö]}} is shorthand for writing {{cd|Eyja-fjalla-jökull}}, i.e. a respelling with a hyphen between each component: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[-fj,-jö]|pagename=Eyjafjallajökull}}</nowiki>}} Secondary stress is assigned to alternating syllables in sufficiently long words not separated with hyphens, as in {{m|is|Mesópótamía||Mesopotamia}}: {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|pagename=Mesópótamía}}</nowiki>}} Contrariwise, secondary stress is not automatically assigned at component boundaries, if the components are sufficiently short, as in {{m|is|eggfruma||egg cell}}; in such cases, the component boundary is simply marked with a syllable boundary marker ({{cd|.}}): {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[-fr]|pagename=eggfruma}}</nowiki>}} This is explained in more detail under [[#Indicating compounds]]. You can request a dialectal pronunciation using {{para|dialect}}, which currently knows about the following dialects: * {{cd|north}}: ''harðmæli'' speech, i.e. aspirated &lt;p>, <t> and <k> between vowels; * {{cd|northeast}} ''harðmæli'' speech + "voiced pronunciation", i.e. voiced nasals before written &lt;p>, <t> and <k>; * {{cd|south}}: "''hv''-pronunciation" of initial <hv-> as [x-], and non-diphthongization before <gi>, <gj> and <j>; * {{cd|south-rounded}}: like {{cd|south}}, but initial <hv-> is pronounced [xʷ-]; {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|vitur|dialect=north}}</nowiki>}} {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|vitur|dialect=northeast}}</nowiki>}} {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|vanta|dialect=northeast}}</nowiki>}} {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|ein-hver|dialect=south}}</nowiki>}} {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|ein-hver|dialect=south-rounded}}</nowiki>}} {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|bogi|dialect=south}}</nowiki>}} {{demo2|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|bogi|dialect=south-rounded}}</nowiki>}} ==Respelling== ===Substitution notation=== For long (especially multiword) terms requiring just one or two changes in the respelling compared with the spelling, it can be annoying to have to repeat the entire term in the respelling. To make respelling such terms easier, ''substitution notation'' is supported. The syntax is illustrated in examples above. There are two forms, ''two-part substitutions'' and ''single-part substitutions''. ''Two-part substitutions'' take the form {{cd|[FROM:TO]}}, e.g.: * for {{m|is|illska||evil; malice}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[il:íl]|pagename=illska}}</nowiki>}} * for {{m|is|Osló||Oslo}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[sl:s(t)l]|pagename=Osló}}</nowiki>}} * for {{m|is|pýroxen||pyroxene}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[x:k`s]|pagename=pýroxen}}</nowiki>}} * for {{m|is|rabarbari||rhubarb}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[abar:abba(r)]|pagename=rabarbari}}</nowiki>}} Here, in the first example, the substitution notation stands for the full respelling {{cd|íllska}}, and replaces {{cd|il}} in the actual spelling with {{cd|íl}}. The substitution needs to match exactly once; if the substitution doesn't match, or matches multiple times, an error will be thrown. There is no requirement for any specific length in the substitution; in this case, for example, {{cd|[ill:íll]}} and {{cd|[i:í]}} would work as well. The second example similarly replaces {{cd|sl}} in the actual spelling with {{cd|s(t)l}}, producing a full respelling {{cd|Os(t)ló}}, indicating an optional {{ic|[t]}}. In the third example, secondary stress falls in the middle of written <x>, which must be respelled <ks> to introduce the secondary stress, producing a full respelling {{cd|pýrok`sen}}. In the fourth example, the word is pronounced as if written {{cd|rabba(r)bari}}, with a long <bb> preceded by a short stressed <a> and opional second <r>. ''Single-part substitutions'' are more common, and involve specifying only the replacement. The original part of the spelling to be replaced is generated by removing any special symbols (hyphens, underscores, breves, parentheses, etc.) from the replacement. For example, for {{m|is|afmæli||birthday}}, the single-part substitution {{cd|[af-]}} is equivalent to {{cd|[af:af-]}}. In general, there are several possible substitutions that will have the same effect, e.g. in this case {{cd|[-mæ]}}, {{cd|[f-m]}}, {{cd|[f-]}}, {{cd|[-m]}}, etc. The general convention is to use two letters where possible, usually the two letters after the hyphen except with short prefixes such as {{m|is|af-}} and {{m|is|á-}}, where it may be clearer to specify the prefix. Sometimes three letters or rarely more are needed, as in {{m|is|skattaskjól||tax haven}}, where the sequence {{cd|<sk>}} occurs twice and thus three letters are needed to uniquely specify the place to insert the hyphen: {{cd|[-skj]}}. Multiple comma-separated substitutions can be given; there should be no space after the comma. An example is {{m|is|Eyjafjallajökull|ng=name of famous volcano in southern Iceland}}, where the full respelling {{cd|Eyja-fjalla-jökull}} can be abbreviated much more compactly as {{cd|[-fj,-jö]}} (see below under [[#Indicating compounds]] for how this displays). In single-part substitutions, hyphens and double hyphens (see below under [[#Indicating compounds]]) in the substitution match against hyphen, space or nothing in the original spelling, and spaces match against hyphen or space in the original. For example, the substitution {{cd|[r K]}} can be used in {{m|is|Suður-Kórea}} to convert it to a respelling {{cd|Suður Kórea}}, treating it as two words: * {{demoi|<nowiki>* {{is-IPA|[r K]|pagename=Suður-Kórea}}</nowiki>}} As this shows, arbitrary parts of the original spelling can be matched in the substitution, and the case (capital vs. lowercase) must match. ===Indicating compounds=== Icelandic is full of compound words, and it's important to specify all the component boundaries, as failing to do so often dramatically changes the generated pronunciation. Examples: * For {{m|is|eggfruma||egg cell, ovum}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[-fr]|pagename=eggfruma}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|borðbúnaður||tableware}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[-bú]|pagename=borðbúnaður}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|Eyjafjallajökull|ng=name of famous volcano in southern Iceland}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[-fj,-jö]|pagename=Eyjafjallajökull}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|deildarhjúkrunarfræðingur||head nurse|lit=ward nursing expert}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[-hj,-fr]|pagename=deildarhjúkrunarfræðingur}}</nowiki>}} As shown, component boundaries are marked either with secondary stress ({{cd|ˌ}}) or a simple syllable divider ({{cd|.}}). The algorithm for doing this attempts to assign secondary stress to alternating syllables, subject to the constraints that a syllable cannot receive the stress if the following syllable is stressed, and word-final inflectional syllables cannot receive secondary stress. (In practice, this means that secondary stress is not assigned to word-final syllables even in components of three or more syllables. Sometimes such stress is appropriate; see below under [[#Indicating explicit stress or lack of stress]].) If a component has three or more syllables, the algorithm changes slightly, stressing the first syllable even if the preceding syllable is also stressed (as in {{m|is|borðbúnaður}} above), and giving secondary stress to the third syllable in components of 4 or more syllables, to the third and fifth syllable in components of 6 or more syllables, etc. Normally such components only exist in borrowed words, e.g.: * For {{m|is|Ástralía||Australia}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=Ástralía}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|Fíladelfía||Philadelphia}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[l[f]]|pagename=Fíladelfía}}</nowiki>}} (The notation {{cd|[l[f]]}} is a single-part substitution containing the bracketed symbol {{cd|[f]}}, which forces a written <f> to be pronounced as {{ic|[f]}} instead of {{ic|[v]}}. It is an abbreviation for the full respelling {{cd|Fíladel[f]ía}}.) Some words are composed of components that themselves have subcomponents, such as {{m|is|handknattleiksþjálfari||handball coach}}, composed of {{m|is|handknattleikur||handball}} and {{m|is|þjálfari||coach}}, where the former word is itself composed of three components, literally "hand-ball-game". In words of this sort, notating all the boundaries equally will often result in incorrect secondary stresses. In such a case, a double hyphen {{code|--}} should be used to indicate a high-level component boundary, while a single hyphen {{cd|-}} separates subcomponent. When {{cd|--}} is present, the stress algorithm changes: High-level component boundaries marked with {{cd|--}} get secondary stress, and subcomponent boundaries marked with {{cd|-}} are shown with a syllable divider ({{cd|.}}). Examples: * For {{m|is|kynsjúkdómur||venereal disease}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[--sj,-dó]|pagename=kynsjúkdómur}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|handknattleiksþjálfari||handball coach}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[-kn,-le,--þj]|pagename=handknattleiksþjálfari}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|húðsjúkdómafræði||dermatology}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[-sj,-dó,--fr]|pagename=húðsjúkdómafræði}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|fjárbúskapur||sheep raising}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[--bú,-sk]|pagename=fjárbúskapur}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|kjötkveðjuhátíð||Carnival|lit=meat-farewell-festival}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[--kv,--há,-tí]|pagename=kjötkveðjuhátíð}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|krókódílstár||crocodile tear}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[-dí,--tá]|pagename=krókódílstár}}</nowiki>}} As an example of how the double hyphen changes the generated pronunciation, compare the last example {{m|is|krókódílstár}} written with and without double hyphens: * {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|krókó-díls--tár}}</nowiki>}} * {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|krókó-díls-tár}}</nowiki>}} In some cases, use of only single hyphens happens to result in the correct output, as in {{m|is|aðstoðarforstjóri||assistant director}}: * {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|að-stoðar--for-stjóri}}</nowiki>}} * {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|að-stoðar-for-stjóri}}</nowiki>}} In such cases, it's still recommended to use double hyphens when appropriate, for clarity. ===Indicating explicit stress or lack of stress=== As described above under [[#Indicating compounds]], secondary stress will be assigned automatically in certain cases, particularly with long words and multi-component words. Usually this is done correctly automatically, but sometimes some help is needed in the respelling. This happens particularly with borrowed words of 3 or more syllables. Words of 3 and 5 syllables usually get secondary stress on the last syllable if it is '''NOT''' an inflectional syllable (inflectional syllables are ''-ur'', ''-a'', ''-i'', etc., i.e. any syllable that changes its form in different cases, numbers, etc.). Because more final syllables are inflectional, and it's not easy to tell automatically if a given syllable is inflectional, final syllables aren't given secondary stress by default. In words that need secondary stress, it can be done by placing a backquote ({{cd|`}}) before the syllable to be stressed. Examples: * For {{m|is|september||September}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`be]|pagename=september}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|Daníel||Daniel}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`el]|pagename=Daníel}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|karakter||character}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`te]|pagename=karakter}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|Aristóteles||Aristoteles}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`le]|pagename=Aristóteles}}</nowiki>}} As shown in the last example, only the final syllable of 5-syllable words needs to be notated with secondary stress; the third syllable automatically receives stress because it isn't word-final. And as shown in the second and third examples, placement of secondary stress does not interfere in consonant assimilations (e.g. in <kt>) and necessary epentheses (as {{ic|[j]}} between written <í> and <e>). st In words of 4 and 6 syllables, explicit secondary stress is usually not needed, because the third syllable (and fifth syllable of 6-syllable words) will automatically receive secondary stress (not being word-final). E.g.: * For {{m|is|Jerúsalem||Jerusalem}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=Jerúsalem}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|Mesópótamía||Mesopotamia}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=Mesópótamía}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|ríbónúkleasi||ribonuclease}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[.kl]|pagename=ríbónúkleasi}}</nowiki>}} Occasionally, however, such stress is needed if the position of the secondary stress is unusual, e.g.: * For {{m|is|adrenalín||adrenaline}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`lí]|pagename=adrenalín}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|deoxýríbósakjarnsýra||deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`rí,--kj,-sý]|pagename=deoxýríbósakjarnsýra}}</nowiki>}} (The latter example uses a combination of explicit secondary stress on ''-rí-'' with high and low-level component boundaries.) Certain one-syllable words that are normally pronounced without stress, such as short prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns and verb forms, are by default given no stress. E.g.: * For {{m|is|í||in}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=í}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|ég||I}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=ég}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|var||was}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=var}}</nowiki>}} As shown in these examples, no stress is given, and as a result the vowel is not lengthened. To give explicit stress to such words, put an apostrophe ({{cd|'}}) before them: * For {{m|is|í||in}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|'í}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|var||was}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|'var}}</nowiki>}} or {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|['v]|pagename=var}}</nowiki>}} Contrarily, to force lack of stress in a word that normally bears it, put a dot ({{cd|.}}) before the word: * For {{m|is|hinn||the (nom. masc. sg.)}}, as in {{m|is||hinn sjötti dagur|the sixth day}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[.hi]|pagename=hinn sjötti dagur}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|fyrir||for, of}}, as in {{m|is|í staðinn fyrir||instead of}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[.fy]|pagename=í staðinn fyrir}}</nowiki>}} By default, suffixes receive no stress, even if multisyllabic, e.g.: * For {{m|is|-ismi||-ism}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=-ismi}}</nowiki>}} * For {{m|is|-skur}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|pagename=-skur}}</nowiki>}} If such suffixes do normally receive secondary stress, indicate this with a backquote ({{cd|`}}) placed directly before the first syllable, after the hyphen, e.g.: * For {{m|is|-lega||-ly}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|-`lega}}</nowiki>}} or {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`l]|pagename=-lega}}</nowiki>}} In the occasional case where a word is stressed on other than the first syllable, place a primary stress indicator (an apostrophe, {{cd|'}}) before the stressed syllable, e.g.: * For {{m|is|atarna||yon, that thing}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|a'tarna}}</nowiki>}} or {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|['ta]|pagename=atarna}}</nowiki>}} For multiword phrases where some words bear secondary stress and others primary stress, use a backquote ({{cd|`}}) at the beginning of words bearing secondary stress, and an apostrophe ({{cd|'}}) at the beginning of words bearing primary stress, if necessary (primary stress is the default except in certain one-syllable words, as indicated above). E.g.: * For {{m|is|hvað segir þú||how are you}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`hv,`se,'þú]|pagename=hvað segir þú}}</nowiki>}} ===Other special symbols=== * {{code|+}} by itself stands for the pagename (see example above). * {{code|_}} prevents assimilation between two adjacent sounds. This can be used, for example, to prevent palatalization of written {{cd|<g>}} and {{cd|<k>}} before a front vowel, to prevent changes to vowels before velar and palatal nasals, to prevent epenthesis of [t] between <r> and <n>, to prevent deletion of consonants between other consonants, etc.: ** For {{m|is|gæi||guy}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|g_æi}}</nowiki>}} ** For {{m|is|Frank||Frank (name)}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|Fra_nk}}</nowiki>}} ** For {{m|is|Berlin||Berlin}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|Ber_lin}}</nowiki>}} ** For {{m|is|Kalifornía||California}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|Kali[f]or_nía}}</nowiki>}} ** For {{m|is|unglingur||youth}} (using a dated pronunciation where {{cd|<g>}} is pronounced between {{cd|<n>}} and {{cd|<l>}}): {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[g_l]|pagename=unglingur}}</nowiki>}} * {{code|:}} after double written {{cd|<ll>}} and {{cd|<nn>}} indicates a geminate consonant rather than a {{cd|[tl]}} or {{cd|[tn]}} combination, as in {{m|is|mylla||mill}} and {{m|is|rúnna||to curve, to form into a curve}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|myll:a}}</nowiki>}}; {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|rúnn:a}}</nowiki>}} * A breve ({{cd|ă}}, {{cd|ĕ}}, etc.) placed over a vowel forces the vowel to be pronounced short, as in {{m|is|fram||forward}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|frăm}}</nowiki>}}. Breves can be placed over accented letters as well, as in the above example of {{cd|'á̆n}} for {{m|is|án||without}}, which (combined with the apostrophe) forces a stressed but short vowel. * Letters in brackets can be used to force a given pronunciation: ** for {{m|is|sófi||sofa}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|só[f]i|pagename=sófi}}</nowiki>}} or {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[[f]]|pagename=sófi}}</nowiki>}} (using a single-part substitution) ** for {{m|is|Egyptaland||Egypt}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|E[c]ypta-land}}</nowiki>}} ** for {{m|is|fagott||bassoon}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|fa[k]ott}}</nowiki>}} or {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[[k]]|pagename=fagott}}</nowiki>}} (using a single-part substitution; {{cd|[k]}} and {{cd|[c]}} in single-part substitutions match against written <g>) * Note that including a bracketed letter inside of a substitution expression may cause parsing issues, particularly if the bracketed letter comes first, because the opening double square bracket will need to match a corresponding closing double square bracket. Substitutions like {{cd|[[f]]}} or {{cd|[[k]]}} that consist solely of a bracketed letter inside of a substitution will work fine, but expressions like {{cd|&#91;[k],`se]}} (for {{m|is|Jörgensen}}) will not parse correctly. To fix this, reverse the order of substitutions or include additional context before the bracketed letter: ** {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[`se,[k]]|pagename=Jörgensen}}</nowiki>}} or {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[r[k],`se]|pagename=Jörgensen}}</nowiki>}} * Non-letter IPA symbols can be used directly, and (at least in the case of [ŋ ɲ ç ɣ]) will be correctly handled as consonants. A couple of examples are: ** for {{m|is|ekki||not}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|ĕçi}}</nowiki>}} ** for {{m|is|Angóla||Angola}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|Aŋ-góla}}</nowiki>}} (in this case, the use of [ŋ] rather than [n] prevents the written <A> from being diphthongized, as would normally happen before the velar nasal; use of {{cd|_}} as in {{cd|Fra_nk}} above isn't possible because of the component division after the <n>) * Put parentheses around optional sounds. Vowel length assignment works correctly in such cases: ** for {{m|is|hvað segirðu}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|`hva(ð) segiru}}</nowiki>}} ===Other notable rules=== * Words beginning ''guð-'' or ''Guð-'' have their pronunciation generated as if spelled <gvuð>. (This does not apply to words containing ''-guð-'' elsewhere, which may still need respelling, as with {{m|is|hjáguð}} and {{m|is|falsguð||false god}}.) * Written <g> between vowels is palatalized to {{ic|[j]}} only before written &lt;i> and <j>; not before any other vowels. * To indicate an optional {{ic|[r]}} in the sequence <rn>, use the substitution notation {{cd|[(r)n]}}, e.g. for {{m|is|horn||horn}}: {{demoi|<nowiki>{{is-IPA|[(r)n]|pagename=horn}}</nowiki>}}. The module knows in this case that an epenthetic {{ic|[t]}} is called for, and will devoice a final {{cd|[n]}}. ===Inline modifiers=== Inline modifiers may be added to a given pronunciation to add further context to it, using the format {{code|RESPELLING<MOD:TEXT><MOD:TEXT>...}}. Some examples of the {{cd|<qq:...>}} inline modifier for a qualifier following the respelling are given above. The following inline modifiers are recognized by this template: {|class="wikitable" ! Modifier ! Meaning |- | {{code|q:}} | Qualifier placed *before* the pronunciation it is attached to. |- | {{code|qq:}} | Qualifier placed *after* the pronunciation it is attached to. |- | {{code|a:}} | Accent qualifier (see {{tl|a}}) placed *before* the pronunciation it is attached to. |- | {{code|aa:}} | Accent qualifier placed *after* the pronunciation it is attached to. |- | {{code|ref:}} | Reference placed after the pronunciation it is attached to. If you use this, make sure to place a {{code|===References===}} section near the bottom, whose contents use {{code|<nowiki><references /></nowiki>}}. The syntax is as described for the {{para|ref<var>N</var>}} argument to {{tl|IPA}} and {{tl|it-IPA}}. In general, specify the text of the reference directly following {{code|ref:}}. To specify a name for a given reference, use {{code|<<name:NAME>>}} directly after the reference text and inside of the inline modifier; this is as if {{code|<nowiki><ref name="NAME">...</ref></nowiki>}} were used. To use a previously named footnote a second time, use only {{code|<ref:<<name:NAME>>>}} with an empty reference text; this is as if {{code|<nowiki><ref name="NAME" /></nowiki>}} were used. You can also group references using {{code|<<group:GROUP>>}} after the reference text. |} ===Unstressed words=== The following table lists all the words treated as unstressed, and indicates why. {{#invoke:is-IPA doc|make_unstressed_word_table}} ==Disclaimers== * This template is still being developed and is liable to change. * Make sure to preview usage of this template to make sure it's correct. Don't automatically add {{tl|is-IPA}} without parameters and assume it will generate the right pronunciation. * Please report any mistakes to [[User:Benwing2]]. ==Further reading== * {{pedia|Icelandic phonology}} <includeonly> [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်မပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်|IPA]] </includeonly> 3sdn94gnn70a8d7yrwyi658pdc79fwx 14 297673 400005 2026-07-23T15:59:21Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]]" 400005 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]] isihm3v3olofkoxzby9ewfn9vssd91l 10 297674 400008 2026-07-23T16:02:22Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#invoke:checkparams|error}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude><!-- --><!-- Validate template parameters -->{{is-conj|act={{{act}}}|mp={{{mp}}}|pp={{{pp}}} <!--ACTIVE VOICE--> <!---infinitive and supine---> |1={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ja |2={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|t|tt|{{{3|}}}ið}} <!---Present tense---> <!---1st person---> |3={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}} |4={{{1|}}}..." 400008 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|error}}<!-- --><noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude><!-- --><!-- Validate template parameters -->{{is-conj|act={{{act}}}|mp={{{mp}}}|pp={{{pp}}} <!--ACTIVE VOICE--> <!---infinitive and supine---> |1={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ja |2={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|t|tt|{{{3|}}}ið}} <!---Present tense---> <!---1st person---> |3={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}} |4={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}jum |5={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|k|{{{3|}}}i|{{{3|}}}ji}}|i}} |6={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}jum <!---2nd---> |7={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|r|{{{3|}}}ð|{{{3|}}}ur}}|rð}} |8={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|k|{{{3|}}}i|{{{3|}}}ji}}|i}}ð |9={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|k|{{{3|}}}i|{{{3|}}}ji}}|i}}r |10={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|k|{{{3|}}}i|{{{3|}}}ji}}|i}}ð <!---3rd---> |11={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|r|{{{3|}}}|{{{3|}}}ur}}|r}} |12={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ja |13={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|k|{{{3|}}}i|{{{3|}}}ji}}|i}} |14={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|k|{{{3|}}}i|{{{3|}}}ji}}|i}} <!---Past---> |15={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}i |16={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}um |17={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}i |18={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}um |19={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ir |20={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}uð |21={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ir |22={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}uð |23={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}i |24={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}u |25={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}i |26={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}u <!---imperatives---> |27={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}} |28={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}u |29={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|k|{{{3|}}}i|{{{3|}}}ji}}|i}}ð <!--MEDIOPASSIVE--> |30={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}jast |31={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|t|st|{{{3|}}}ist}} <!---Present---> |32={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|t|st|{{{3|}}}st}} |33={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}jumst |34={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|ý={{{2}}}i|{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ji}}st |35={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}jumst |36={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|t|st|{{{3|}}}st}} |37={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|ý={{{2}}}i|{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ji}}st |38={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|ý={{{2}}}i|{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ji}}st |39={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|ý={{{2}}}i|{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ji}}st |40={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#ifeq:{{{3|}}}|t|st|{{{3|}}}st}} |41={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}jast |42={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|ý={{{2}}}i|{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ji}}st |43={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|ý={{{2}}}i|{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ji}}st <!---Past---> |44={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ist |45={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}umst |46={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ist |47={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}umst |48={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ist |49={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ust |50={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ist |51={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ust |52={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ist |53={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ust |54={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ist |55={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}ust <!---Imperatives---> |56={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|t=st|{{{3|}}}st}} |57={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}ist <!--PARTICIPLES--> <!---Present---> |58={{{1|}}}{{{2}}}{{{3|}}}jandi <!---Past---> <!---Strong declension---> <!---nom----> |59={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}inn |60={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}in |61={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}ið |62={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}ir |63={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}ar |64={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}in <!---acc----> |65={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}inn |66={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |67={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}ið |68={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |69={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}ar |70={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}in <!---dat----> |71={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}um |72={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}inni |73={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |74={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}um |75={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}um |76={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}um <!---gen----> |77={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}ins |78={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}innar |79={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}ins |80={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}inna |81={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}inna |82={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{{3|}}}inna <!---Weak declension---> <!---nom----> |83={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}i |84={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |85={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |86={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |87={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |88={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u <!---acc----> |89={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |90={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |91={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |92={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |93={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |94={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u <!---dat----> |95={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |96={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |97={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |98={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |99={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |100={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u <!---gen----> |101={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |102={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |103={{{1|}}}{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}a |104={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |105={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u |106={{{1|}}}{{is-u-mutation|{{#switch:{{{2}}}|e=a|y=u|ý=ú|{{{2}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{3|}}}|{{#switch:{{{3|}}}|ð=dd|m|l|n={{{3|}}}d|k|p|t={{{3|}}}t|-={{#if:{{{d|}}}|-d|{{#if:{{{t|}}}|-t|-ð}}}}|{{{3|}}}ð}}|n}}u }}<noinclude>{{tcat|conj}}</noinclude> nxwy7a152igv42i8uv94apgfrsgjsnx 10 297675 400009 2026-07-23T16:03:37Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{inflection-table-block| {{#switch:{{{act|}}}|-=|#default={{is-conj/active|imp={{{imp}}}|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{4}}}|{{{5}}}|{{{6}}}|{{{7}}}|{{{8}}}|{{{9}}}|{{{10}}}|{{{11}}}|{{{12}}}|{{{13}}}|{{{14}}}|{{{15}}}|{{{16}}}|{{{17}}}|{{{18}}}|{{{19}}}|{{{20}}}|{{{21}}}|{{{22}}}|{{{23}}}|{{{24}}}|{{{25}}}|{{{26}}}|{{{27}}}|{{{28}}}|{{{29}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{{mp|}}}|-=|#default={{is-conj/mediopassive|actinf={{{1}}..." 400009 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inflection-table-block| {{#switch:{{{act|}}}|-=|#default={{is-conj/active|imp={{{imp}}}|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{4}}}|{{{5}}}|{{{6}}}|{{{7}}}|{{{8}}}|{{{9}}}|{{{10}}}|{{{11}}}|{{{12}}}|{{{13}}}|{{{14}}}|{{{15}}}|{{{16}}}|{{{17}}}|{{{18}}}|{{{19}}}|{{{20}}}|{{{21}}}|{{{22}}}|{{{23}}}|{{{24}}}|{{{25}}}|{{{26}}}|{{{27}}}|{{{28}}}|{{{29}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{{mp|}}}|-=|#default={{is-conj/mediopassive|actinf={{{1}}}|{{{30}}}|{{{31}}}|{{{32}}}|{{{33}}}|{{{34}}}|{{{35}}}|{{{36}}}|{{{37}}}|{{{38}}}|{{{39}}}|{{{40}}}|{{{41}}}|{{{42}}}|{{{43}}}|{{{44}}}|{{{45}}}|{{{46}}}|{{{47}}}|{{{48}}}|{{{49}}}|{{{50}}}|{{{51}}}|{{{52}}}|{{{53}}}|{{{54}}}|{{{55}}}|{{{56}}}|{{{57}}}}}}}}}<!-- -->{{#switch:{{{pp|}}}|-=|#default={{is-conj/pastparticiple|{{{59}}}|{{{60}}}|{{{61}}}|{{{62}}}|{{{63}}}|{{{64}}}|{{{65}}}|{{{66}}}|{{{67}}}|{{{68}}}|{{{69}}}|{{{70}}}|{{{71}}}|{{{72}}}|{{{73}}}|{{{74}}}|{{{75}}}|{{{76}}}|{{{77}}}|{{{78}}}|{{{79}}}|{{{80}}}|{{{81}}}|{{{82}}}|{{{83}}}|{{{84}}}|{{{85}}}|{{{86}}}|{{{87}}}|{{{88}}}|{{{89}}}|{{{90}}}|{{{91}}}|{{{92}}}|{{{93}}}|{{{94}}}|{{{95}}}|{{{96}}}|{{{97}}}|{{{98}}}|{{{99}}}|{{{100}}}|{{{101}}}|{{{102}}}|{{{103}}}|{{{104}}}|{{{105}}}|{{{106}}}}}}}<noinclude> {{tcat|conj:_}}</noinclude> 3ejqjwhsp0wwa99s0we0aj16j3qarhr 10 297676 400010 2026-07-24T01:23:31Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{inflection-table-top|title={{m|is||{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} – ရမျာၚ်မစိုပ်တရဴ <span class="small">({{m|is|germynd}})</span>|palette=blue|tall=yes}} ! colspan=2 | ကြိယာဟွံကၠောံ <span class="small">{{m|is|nafnháttur}}</span> | colspan=5 data-accel-col=1 | {{l-self|is|að [[{{{1}}}]]|accel-form=act{{!}}inf}} |- ! colspan=2 | supine <span class="small">{{m|is|sagn..." 400010 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inflection-table-top|title={{m|is||{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} – ရမျာၚ်မစိုပ်တရဴ <span class="small">({{m|is|germynd}})</span>|palette=blue|tall=yes}} ! colspan=2 | ကြိယာဟွံကၠောံ <span class="small">{{m|is|nafnháttur}}</span> | colspan=5 data-accel-col=1 | {{l-self|is|að [[{{{1}}}]]|accel-form=act{{!}}inf}} |- ! colspan=2 | supine <span class="small">{{m|is|sagnbót}}</span> | colspan=5 data-accel-col=1 | {{l-self|is|{{{2}}}|accel-form=act{{!}}sup}} |- ! colspan=2 | present participle<br><div class="small">{{m|is|lýsingarháttur nútíðar}}</div> | colspan=5 data-accel-col=7 | {{l-self|is|{{{1}}}ndi|accel-form=pres{{!}}act{{!}}part}}<!-- |- ! colspan=2 | လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုအတိက် | colspan=5 | ....--> |- | colspan=999 class="separator" | |- ! colspan=2 class="outer" | ! colspan=2 class="outer" | indicative<br><div class="small">{{m|is|framsöguháttur}}</div> | rowspan=8 class="separator" | ! colspan=2 class="outer" | အရေဝ်နိဒါန်<br><div class="small">{{m|is|viðtengingarháttur}}</div> |- ! colspan=2 | ! present<br><div class="small">{{m|is|nútíð}}</div> ! past<br><div class="small">{{m|is|þátíð}}</div> ! present<br><div class="small">{{m|is|nútíð}}</div> ! past<br><div class="small">{{m|is|þátíð}}</div> |- ! rowspan=3 | ကိုန်ဨကဝုစ် ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|ég}} | data-accel-col=2 | {{l-self|is|{{{3}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}s{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=3 | {{l-self|is|{{{15}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}s{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=4 | {{l-self|is|{{{5}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}s{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} | data-accel-col=5 | {{l-self|is|{{{17}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}s{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þú}} | data-accel-col=2 | {{l-self|is|{{{7}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}s{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=3 | {{l-self|is|{{{19}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}s{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=4 | {{l-self|is|{{{9}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}s{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} | data-accel-col=5 | {{l-self|is|{{{21}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}s{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|hann, hún, það}} | data-accel-col=2 | {{l-self|is|{{{11}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}s{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=3 | {{l-self|is|{{{23}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}s{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=4 | {{l-self|is|{{{13}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}s{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} | data-accel-col=5 | {{l-self|is|{{{25}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}s{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} |- ! rowspan=3 | ကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ် ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|við}} | data-accel-col=2 | {{l-self|is|{{{4}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}p{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=3 | {{l-self|is|{{{16}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}p{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=4 | {{l-self|is|{{{6}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}p{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} | data-accel-col=5 | {{l-self|is|{{{18}}}|accel-form=1{{!}}p{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þið}} | data-accel-col=2 | {{l-self|is|{{{8}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}p{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=3 | {{l-self|is|{{{20}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}p{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=4 | {{l-self|is|{{{10}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}p{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} | data-accel-col=5 | {{l-self|is|{{{22}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}p{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þeir, þær, þau}} | data-accel-col=2 | {{l-self|is|{{{12}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}p{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=3 | {{l-self|is|{{{24}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}p{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}ind}} | data-accel-col=4 | {{l-self|is|{{{14}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}p{{!}}pres{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} | data-accel-col=5 | {{l-self|is|{{{26}}}|accel-form=3{{!}}p{{!}}past{{!}}act{{!}}sub}} |- | colspan=4 class="separator" | | colspan=3 rowspan=4 class="blank-end-row" | |- ! colspan=2 class="outer" | ! colspan=2 class="outer" | ပါဲဗလေတ်ဟွံဗၠး <span class="small">{{m|is|boðháttur}}</span> |- ! ကိုန်ဨကဝုစ် ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þú}} | colspan=2 data-accel-col=6 | {{#switch:{{{imp|}}}|-=&mdash;|{{l-self|is|[[{{{27}}}]] (þú)|accel-form=2{{!}}s{{!}}act{{!}}imp}}, {{l-self|is|{{{28}}}|accel-form=2{{!}}s{{!}}act{{!}}imp}}}} |- ! ကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ် ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þið}} | colspan=2 data-accel-col=6 | {{#switch:{{{imp|}}}|-=&mdash;|{{l-self|is|[[{{{29}}}]] (þið)|accel-form=2{{!}}p{{!}}act{{!}}imp}}, {{l-self|is|{{{29}}}i|accel-form=2{{!}}p{{!}}act{{!}}imp}}¹}} {{inflection-table-bottom|notes={{#switch:{{{imp|}}}|-=|#default=<div style="max-width: 36em">¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.</div>}}}}<noinclude>[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်မထပ်ဗပေၚ်စုတ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]]</noinclude> diz670yafe6ixkfdsy5edmg5zv28pge 14 297677 400011 2026-07-24T01:25:03Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်မထပ်ဗပေၚ်စုတ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]]" 400011 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်မထပ်ဗပေၚ်စုတ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]] izo8glbplpo90bd8p1k8854vb3aha2j 14 297678 400012 2026-07-24T01:26:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ကဏ္ဍဒကုတ်ဍောတ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|ဗ]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်မထပ်ဗပေၚ်စုတ်ဂမၠိုၚ်|ဗ]]" 400012 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်ကဏ္ဍဒကုတ်ဍောတ်ဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|ဗ]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်မထပ်ဗပေၚ်စုတ်ဂမၠိုၚ်|ဗ]] r00mkqliklz7h9s0zjzt3qq2gkzbwke 10 297679 400013 2026-07-24T01:35:31Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{inflection-table-top|title={{m|is||{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} – ရမျာၚ်ကဆံၚ်လဒေါဝ် <span class="small">({{m|is|miðmynd}})</span>|palette=teal|tall=yes}} ! colspan="2" | ကြိယာဟွံကၠောံ <span class="small">{{m|is|nafnháttur}}</span> | colspan="5" | að {{#if:{{#invoke:string/templates|find|{{{1}}}|%[}}|{{{1}}}|[[{{{1}}}]]}} |- ! colspan="2" | ဂၠဝ် <span..." 400013 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inflection-table-top|title={{m|is||{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} – ရမျာၚ်ကဆံၚ်လဒေါဝ် <span class="small">({{m|is|miðmynd}})</span>|palette=teal|tall=yes}} ! colspan="2" | ကြိယာဟွံကၠောံ <span class="small">{{m|is|nafnháttur}}</span> | colspan="5" | að {{#if:{{#invoke:string/templates|find|{{{1}}}|%[}}|{{{1}}}|[[{{{1}}}]]}} |- ! colspan="2" | ဂၠဝ် <span class="small">{{m|is|sagnbót}}</span> | colspan="5" | {{l-self|is|{{{2}}}}} |- ! colspan="2" | လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုပစ္စုပ္ပန်<br><div class="small">{{m|is|lýsingarháttur nútíðar}}</div> | colspan="5" | {{#if:{{{altpp|}}}|{{l-self|is|{{{altpp}}}}}|{{#if:{{{zt|}}}|{{l-self|is|{{{actinf}}}ndizt}}|{{l-self|is|{{{actinf}}}ndist}}}}}} {{q|rare; ဗဵုရံၚ် [[:en:Appendix:Icelandic middle voice verbs#Mediopassive present participle|အဆက်လက္ကရဴ]]}} |- | class="separator" colspan="4" | | class="separator" colspan="1" rowspan="1" | | class="separator" colspan="2" | |- ! class="outer" colspan="2" | ! class="outer" colspan="2" | ကြိယာဟွံကၠောံ<br><div class="small">{{m|is|framsöguháttur}}</div> | class="separator" rowspan="8" | ! class="outer" colspan="2" | အရေဝ်နိဒါန်<br><div class="small">{{m|is|viðtengingarháttur}}</div> |- ! colspan="2" | ! present<br><div class="small">{{m|is|nútíð}}</div> ! past<br><div class="small">{{m|is|þátíð}}</div> ! present<br><div class="small">{{m|is|nútíð}}</div> ! past<br><div class="small">{{m|is|þátíð}}</div> |- ! rowspan="3" | ကိုန်ဨကဝုစ် ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|ég}} | {{l-self|is|{{{3}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{15}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{5}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{17}}}}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þú}} | {{l-self|is|{{{7}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{19}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{9}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{21}}}}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|hann, hún, það}} | {{l-self|is|{{{11}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{23}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{13}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{25}}}}} |- ! rowspan="3" | ကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ် ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|við}} | {{l-self|is|{{{4}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{16}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{6}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{18}}}}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þið}} | {{l-self|is|{{{8}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{20}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{10}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{22}}}}} |- ! class="secondary" | {{lang|is|þeir, þær, þau}} | {{l-self|is|{{{12}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{24}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{14}}}}} | {{l-self|is|{{{26}}}}} |- | class="separator" colspan="4" | | class="blank-end-row" colspan="3" rowspan="4" | |- ! class="outer" colspan="2" | ! class="outer" colspan="2" | ပါဲဗလေတ်ဟွံဗၠး <span class="small">{{m|is|boðháttur}}</span> |- ! ကိုန်ဨကဝုစ် ! class="secondary" | þú | colspan="2" | {{#switch:{{{imp|}}}|-=&mdash;|{{l-self|is|{{#if:{{#invoke:string/templates|find|{{{27}}}|%[}}|{{{27}}}|[[{{{27}}}]]}} (þú)}}, <nowiki/>}}{{#if:{{{alt-imp-s|}}}|{{l-self|is|{{{alt-imp-s}}}}}|{{l-self|is|{{{27}}}u}}}} |- ! ကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ် ! class="secondary" | þið | colspan="2" | {{#switch:{{{imp|}}}|-=&mdash;|{{l-self|is|{{#if:{{#invoke:string/templates|find|{{{28}}}|%[}}|{{{28}}}|[[{{{28}}}]]}} (þið)}}, {{#if:{{{alt-imp-pl|}}}|{{l-self|is|{{{alt-imp-pl}}}}}|{{l-self|is|{{{28}}}i}}}}¹}} {{inflection-table-bottom|notes=<div style="max-width: 36em">¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.{{#if:{{{notes|}}}|<br>{{{notes}}}}}</div>}}<noinclude>[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်မထပ်ဗပေၚ်စုတ်ဂမၠိုၚ်]]</noinclude> jp7l2boqlqi20j63ek1h03c61658ozz 10 297680 400014 2026-07-24T01:44:38Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{inflection-table-top|title={{m-self|is|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} — လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုအတိက် <small>([[lýsingarháttur þátíðar]])</small>|palette=purple|tall=yes}} ! class="outer" rowspan="2" | မလဟုတ်စှ်ေဇြဟတ်ထတ် <br /><small>([[sterkur#အာက်သလာန်|sterk]] [[beyging#အာက်သလာန်|beyging]])</small>..." 400014 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inflection-table-top|title={{m-self|is|{{{1|{{PAGENAME}}}}}}} — လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုအတိက် <small>([[lýsingarháttur þátíðar]])</small>|palette=purple|tall=yes}} ! class="outer" rowspan="2" | မလဟုတ်စှ်ေဇြဟတ်ထတ် <br /><small>([[sterkur#အာက်သလာန်|sterk]] [[beyging#အာက်သလာန်|beyging]])</small> ! colspan="3" | ကိုန်ဨကဝုစ် <small>([[eintala]])</small> ! colspan="3" | ကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ် <small>([[fleirtala]])</small> |- ! class="secondary" | ပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[karlkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | ဣတ္တိလိၚ် <br /><small>([[kvenkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | နပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[hvorugkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | ပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[karlkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | ဣတ္တိလိၚ် <br /><small>([[kvenkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | နပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[hvorugkyn]])</small> |- ! မဒုၚ်ယၟု <br /><small>([[nefnifall]])</small> | {{{1}}} | {{{2}}} | {{{3}}} | {{{4}}} | {{{5}}} | {{{6}}} |- ! ကမ္မကာရက <br /><small>([[þolfall]])</small> | {{{7}}} | {{{8}}} | {{{9}}} | {{{10}}} | {{{11}}} | {{{12}}} |- ! ပြကမ္မကာရက <br /><small>([[þágufall]])</small> | {{{13}}} | {{{14}}} | {{{15}}} | {{{16}}} | {{{17}}} | {{{18}}} |- ! ဗဳဇဂကူ <br /><small>([[eignarfall]])</small> | {{{19}}} | {{{20}}} | {{{21}}} | {{{22}}} | {{{23}}} | {{{24}}} |- | colspan="999" class="separator" | |- ! class="outer" rowspan="2" | မလဟုတ်စှ်ေဇြဟတ်ဍိုန် <br /><small>([[veikur#အာက်သလာန်|veik]] [[beyging#အာက်သလာန်|beyging]]) </small> ! colspan="3" | ကိုန်ဨကဝုစ် <small>([[eintala]])</small> ! colspan="3" | ကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ် <small>([[fleirtala]])</small> |- ! class="secondary" | ပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[karlkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | ဣတ္တိလိၚ် <br /><small>([[kvenkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | နပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[hvorugkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | ပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[karlkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | fဣတ္တိလိၚ် <br /><small>([[kvenkyn]])</small> ! class="secondary" | နပုလ္လိၚ် <br /><small>([[hvorugkyn]])</small> |- ! မဒုၚ်ယၟု <br /><small>([[nefnifall]])</small> | {{{25}}} | {{{26}}} | {{{27}}} | {{{28}}} | {{{29}}} | {{{30}}} |- ! ကမ္မကာရက <br /><small>([[þolfall]])</small> | {{{31}}} | {{{32}}} | {{{33}}} | {{{34}}} | {{{35}}} | {{{36}}} |- ! ပြကမ္မကာရက <br /><small>([[þágufall]])</small> | {{{37}}} | {{{38}}} | {{{39}}} | {{{40}}} | {{{41}}} | {{{42}}} |- ! ဗဳဇဂကူ <br /><small>([[eignarfall]])</small> | {{{43}}} | {{{44}}} | {{{45}}} | {{{46}}} | {{{47}}} | {{{48}}} {{inflection-table-bottom}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> gowzheeypglekmphxiqn6gohbwgi7xw 14 297681 400015 2026-07-24T01:46:42Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အာ]]" 400015 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အာ]] a45jcl88rhhi5qfcga1m5dhiephjq7a 14 297682 400016 2026-07-24T01:48:18Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]]" 400016 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|အ]] 0fzphtk8nw23i6tb5zdjhjupwsalnon 10 297683 400017 2026-07-24T01:50:45Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#switch:{{{1}}}|a|ja|A={{#switch:{{{1}}}|a=ö|ja=jö|A=Ö}}|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude>[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်|m]]</noinclude>" 400017 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#switch:{{{1}}}|a|ja|A={{#switch:{{{1}}}|a=ö|ja=jö|A=Ö}}|{{{1|}}}}}<noinclude>[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်|m]]</noinclude> ldtcv1ommlji69x9ee5v2l7hg2a0ab6 10 297684 400018 2026-07-24T01:53:17Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{non-conj-blank-{{{voice|full}}} |personal={{{personal|yes}}} |title1=သမ္ဗန္ဓဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; {{#ifeq:{{{personal|yes}}}|no|impersonal, |}} active (weak class 1) |title2=သမ္ဗန္ဓဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; {{#ifeq:{{{personal|yes}}}|no|impersonal, |}} mediopass..." 400018 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:checkparams|warn}}<!-- Validate template parameters -->{{non-conj-blank-{{{voice|full}}} |personal={{{personal|yes}}} |title1=သမ္ဗန္ဓဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; {{#ifeq:{{{personal|yes}}}|no|impersonal, |}} active (weak class 1) |title2=သမ္ဗန္ဓဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; {{#ifeq:{{{personal|yes}}}|no|impersonal, |}} mediopassive (weak class 1) |infinitive={{{1}}}ja |pres_part={{{1}}}jandi |past_part={{{past_part|{{#if:{{{pponly|}}}|{{{pponly}}}ðr|{{{2}}}r{{#if:{{{pp|}}}|, {{{pp}}}ðr}}}}}}} |pres_ind_1sg={{{1}}} |pres_ind_2sg={{{1r|{{{1}}}r}}} |pres_ind_3sg={{{1r|{{{1}}}r}}} |pres_ind_1pl={{{1}}}jum |pres_ind_2pl={{{1}}}ið |pres_ind_3pl={{{1}}}ja |pres_sub_1sg={{{1}}}ja |pres_sub_2sg={{{1}}}ir |pres_sub_3sg={{{1}}}i |pres_sub_1pl={{{1}}}im |pres_sub_2pl={{{1}}}ið |pres_sub_3pl={{{1}}}i |impr_2sg={{{1}}} |impr_1pl={{{1}}}jum |impr_2pl={{{1}}}ið |past_ind_1sg={{{2}}}a |past_ind_2sg={{{2}}}ir |past_ind_3sg={{{2}}}i |past_ind_1pl={{{4|{{{2}}}}}}um |past_ind_2pl={{{4|{{{2}}}}}}uð |past_ind_3pl={{{4|{{{2}}}}}}u |past_sub_1sg={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}a |past_sub_2sg={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}ir |past_sub_3sg={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}i |past_sub_1pl={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}im |past_sub_2pl={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}ið |past_sub_3pl={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}i |mp_infinitive={{{1}}}jask |mp_pres_part={{{1}}}jandisk |mp_past_part={{{past_part-mp|{{#if:{{{pponly|}}}|{{{pponly}}}zk|{{{2s|{{{1s|{{{1}}}z}}}}}}k{{#if:{{{pp|}}}|, {{{pp}}}zk}}}}}}} |mp_pres_ind_1sg={{{1}}}jumk |mp_pres_ind_2sg={{{1s|{{{1}}}s}}}k |mp_pres_ind_3sg={{{1s|{{{1}}}s}}}k |mp_pres_ind_1pl={{{1}}}jumsk |mp_pres_ind_2pl={{{1}}}izk |mp_pres_ind_3pl={{{1}}}jask |mp_pres_sub_1sg={{{1}}}jumk |mp_pres_sub_2sg={{{1}}}isk |mp_pres_sub_3sg={{{1}}}isk |mp_pres_sub_1pl={{{1}}}imsk |mp_pres_sub_2pl={{{1}}}izk |mp_pres_sub_3pl={{{1}}}isk |mp_impr_2sg={{{1s|{{{1}}}s}}}k |mp_impr_1pl={{{1}}}jumsk |mp_impr_2pl={{{1}}}izk |mp_past_ind_1sg={{{4|{{{2}}}}}}umk |mp_past_ind_2sg={{{2}}}isk |mp_past_ind_3sg={{{2}}}isk |mp_past_ind_1pl={{{4|{{{2}}}}}}umsk |mp_past_ind_2pl={{{4|{{{2}}}}}}uzk |mp_past_ind_3pl={{{4|{{{2}}}}}}usk |mp_past_sub_1sg={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}umk |mp_past_sub_2sg={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}isk |mp_past_sub_3sg={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}isk |mp_past_sub_1pl={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}imsk |mp_past_sub_2pl={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}izk |mp_past_sub_3pl={{{3|{{{2}}}}}}isk }}<includeonly></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|conj:weak1}}</noinclude> ivwez2ffl96aj6pl2uqx2a0qg6h3uyu 10 297685 400019 2026-07-24T01:54:41Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{inflection-table-block| {{non-conj-table<!-- -->|mode=act<!-- -->|title={{{title1|Conjugation of ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; active}}}<!-- -->|infinitive={{{infinitive}}}<!-- -->|pres_part={{{pres_part}}}<!-- -->|past_part={{{past_part}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1sg={{{pres_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2sg={{{pres_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3sg={{{pres_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1pl={{{pres_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2pl=..." 400019 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inflection-table-block| {{non-conj-table<!-- -->|mode=act<!-- -->|title={{{title1|Conjugation of ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; active}}}<!-- -->|infinitive={{{infinitive}}}<!-- -->|pres_part={{{pres_part}}}<!-- -->|past_part={{{past_part}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1sg={{{pres_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2sg={{{pres_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3sg={{{pres_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1pl={{{pres_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2pl={{{pres_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3pl={{{pres_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1sg={{{pres_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2sg={{{pres_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3sg={{{pres_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1pl={{{pres_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2pl={{{pres_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3pl={{{pres_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2sg={{{impr_2sg}}}<!-- -->|impr_1pl={{{impr_1pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2pl={{{impr_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1sg={{{past_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2sg={{{past_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3sg={{{past_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1pl={{{past_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2pl={{{past_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3pl={{{past_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1sg={{{past_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2sg={{{past_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3sg={{{past_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1pl={{{past_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2pl={{{past_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3pl={{{past_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{non-conj-table<!-- -->|mode=mpass<!-- -->|title={{{title2|Conjugation of ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; mediopassive}}}<!-- -->|infinitive={{{mp_infinitive}}}<!-- -->|pres_part={{{mp_pres_part}}}<!-- -->|past_part={{{mp_past_part}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1sg={{{mp_pres_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2sg={{{mp_pres_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3sg={{{mp_pres_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1pl={{{mp_pres_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2pl={{{mp_pres_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3pl={{{mp_pres_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1sg={{{mp_pres_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2sg={{{mp_pres_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3sg={{{mp_pres_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1pl={{{mp_pres_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2pl={{{mp_pres_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3pl={{{mp_pres_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2sg={{{mp_impr_2sg}}}<!-- -->|impr_1pl={{{mp_impr_1pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2pl={{{mp_impr_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1sg={{{mp_past_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2sg={{{mp_past_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3sg={{{mp_past_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1pl={{{mp_past_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2pl={{{mp_past_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3pl={{{mp_past_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1sg={{{mp_past_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2sg={{{mp_past_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3sg={{{mp_past_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1pl={{{mp_past_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2pl={{{mp_past_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3pl={{{mp_past_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|conj:*}}</noinclude> rn2fw2javdap35na39jau4ggjjebam6 400025 400019 2026-07-24T03:11:36Z 咽頭べさ 33 400025 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inflection-table-block| {{non-conj-table<!-- -->|mode=act<!-- -->|title={{{title1|သမ္ဗန္ဓဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; active}}}<!-- -->|infinitive={{{infinitive}}}<!-- -->|pres_part={{{pres_part}}}<!-- -->|past_part={{{past_part}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1sg={{{pres_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2sg={{{pres_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3sg={{{pres_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1pl={{{pres_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2pl={{{pres_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3pl={{{pres_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1sg={{{pres_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2sg={{{pres_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3sg={{{pres_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1pl={{{pres_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2pl={{{pres_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3pl={{{pres_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2sg={{{impr_2sg}}}<!-- -->|impr_1pl={{{impr_1pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2pl={{{impr_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1sg={{{past_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2sg={{{past_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3sg={{{past_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1pl={{{past_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2pl={{{past_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3pl={{{past_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1sg={{{past_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2sg={{{past_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3sg={{{past_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1pl={{{past_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2pl={{{past_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3pl={{{past_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->{{non-conj-table<!-- -->|mode=mpass<!-- -->|title={{{title2|သမ္ဗန္ဓဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ''{{pagename}}'' &mdash; mediopassive}}}<!-- -->|infinitive={{{mp_infinitive}}}<!-- -->|pres_part={{{mp_pres_part}}}<!-- -->|past_part={{{mp_past_part}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1sg={{{mp_pres_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2sg={{{mp_pres_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3sg={{{mp_pres_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_1pl={{{mp_pres_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_2pl={{{mp_pres_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_ind_3pl={{{mp_pres_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1sg={{{mp_pres_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2sg={{{mp_pres_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3sg={{{mp_pres_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_1pl={{{mp_pres_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_2pl={{{mp_pres_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|pres_sub_3pl={{{mp_pres_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2sg={{{mp_impr_2sg}}}<!-- -->|impr_1pl={{{mp_impr_1pl}}}<!-- -->|impr_2pl={{{mp_impr_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1sg={{{mp_past_ind_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2sg={{{mp_past_ind_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3sg={{{mp_past_ind_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_1pl={{{mp_past_ind_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_2pl={{{mp_past_ind_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_ind_3pl={{{mp_past_ind_3pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1sg={{{mp_past_sub_1sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2sg={{{mp_past_sub_2sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3sg={{{mp_past_sub_3sg}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_1pl={{{mp_past_sub_1pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_2pl={{{mp_past_sub_2pl}}}<!-- -->|past_sub_3pl={{{mp_past_sub_3pl}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}{{tcat|conj:*}}</noinclude> pwwutsdrq5q3z1jlyilogtyttoa69g3 10 297686 400020 2026-07-24T02:49:17Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{inflection-table-top|title={{{title}}}|palette=blue|tall=yes}} ! ကြိယာဟွံကၠောံ | colspan="5" | {{non-conj-cell|{{{infinitive}}}|infinitive|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုပစ္စုပ္ပန် | colspan="5" | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_part}}}|pres_part|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုအတိ..." 400020 wikitext text/x-wiki {{inflection-table-top|title={{{title}}}|palette=blue|tall=yes}} ! ကြိယာဟွံကၠောံ | colspan="5" | {{non-conj-cell|{{{infinitive}}}|infinitive|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုပစ္စုပ္ပန် | colspan="5" | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_part}}}|pres_part|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! လုပ်ကၠောန်စွံလဝ်နကဵုအတိက် | colspan="5" | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_part}}}|past_part|{{{mode}}}}} |- | class="separator" colspan="3" | | class="separator" colspan="1" rowspan="1" | | class="separator" colspan="2" | |- ! class="outer" | ! class="outer" colspan="2" | ပရေၚ်စၞောန်ထ္ၜး | class="separator" rowspan="8" | ! class="outer" colspan="2" | အရေဝ်နိဒါန် |- ! ! ပစ္စုပ္ပန် ! အတိက် ! ပစ္စုပ္ပန် ! အတိက် |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဨကဝုစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၁ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_ind_1sg}}}|pres_ind_1sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_ind_1sg}}}|past_ind_1sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_sub_1sg}}}|pres_sub_1sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_sub_1sg}}}|past_sub_1sg|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဨကဝုစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၂ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_ind_2sg}}}|pres_ind_2sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_ind_2sg}}}|past_ind_2sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_sub_2sg}}}|pres_sub_2sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_sub_2sg}}}|past_sub_2sg|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဨကဝုစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၃ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_ind_3sg}}}|pres_ind_3sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_ind_3sg}}}|past_ind_3sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_sub_3sg}}}|pres_sub_3sg|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_sub_3sg}}}|past_sub_3sg|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၁ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_ind_1pl}}}|pres_ind_1pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_ind_1pl}}}|past_ind_1pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_sub_1pl}}}|pres_sub_1pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_sub_1pl}}}|past_sub_1pl|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၂ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_ind_2pl}}}|pres_ind_2pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_ind_2pl}}}|past_ind_2pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_sub_2pl}}}|pres_sub_2pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_sub_2pl}}}|past_sub_2pl|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၃ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_ind_3pl}}}|pres_ind_3pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_ind_3pl}}}|past_ind_3pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{pres_sub_3pl}}}|pres_sub_3pl|{{{mode}}}}} | {{non-conj-cell|{{{past_sub_3pl}}}|past_sub_3pl|{{{mode}}}}} |- | class="separator" colspan="2" | | class="blank-end-row" colspan="999" rowspan="5" | |- ! class="outer" | ပါဲဗလေတ်ဟွံဗၠး ! ပစ္စုပ္ပန် |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဨကဝုစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၂ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{impr_2sg}}}|impr_2sg|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၁ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{impr_1pl}}}|impr_1pl|{{{mode}}}}} |- ! ပူဂဵုကိုန်ဗဟုဝစ်မရနုက်ကဵု ၂ | {{non-conj-cell|{{{impr_2pl}}}|impr_2pl|{{{mode}}}}} {{inflection-table-bottom}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 9v7i17y2gs41l9x21g8plc9osv6eknn 10 297687 400021 2026-07-24T02:59:33Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{documentation subpage}} {{documentation needed}}<!-- Replace this with a short description of the purpose of the template, and how to use it. --> <includeonly> [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်နဳနိုတ်တြေံအပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဂမၠိုၚ်|*]] </includeonly>" 400021 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{documentation needed}}<!-- Replace this with a short description of the purpose of the template, and how to use it. --> <includeonly> [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်နဳနိုတ်တြေံအပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဂမၠိုၚ်|*]] </includeonly> 4k7xuge8vabya517w07zby1021tapgo 10 297688 400022 2026-07-24T03:01:49Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{#invoke:non-cell|create}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude>" 400022 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:non-cell|create}}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qa3o998j8oo07qb86wt4u587hnikfht 10 297689 400023 2026-07-24T03:03:50Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{documentation subpage}} {{documentation needed}}<!-- Replace this with a short description of the purpose of the template, and how to use it. --> <includeonly> [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်နဳနိုတ်တြေံအပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဂမၠိုၚ်| cell]] </includeonly>" 400023 wikitext text/x-wiki {{documentation subpage}} {{documentation needed}}<!-- Replace this with a short description of the purpose of the template, and how to use it. --> <includeonly> [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်နဳနိုတ်တြေံအပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဂမၠိုၚ်| cell]] </includeonly> ojob26l65y127kz6kfvnnji4sf5pf0c 14 297690 400024 2026-07-24T03:08:31Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်နဳနိုတ်တြေံအပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|န]]" 400024 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်နဳနိုတ်တြေံအပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏဂမၠိုၚ်]][[ကဏ္ဍ:ထာမ်ပလိက်အပြံၚ်အလှာဲပ္တဝ်ထ္ၜးပမာဏကြိယာဗက်အလိုက်အရေဝ်ဘာသာဂမၠိုၚ်|န]] alb1cdsojn6ukvbawh8mbx0vp2nxovy 14 297691 400026 2026-07-24T03:28:03Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအာက်သလာန်|အာက်သလာန်]] » :ကဏ..." 400026 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအာက်သလာန်|အာက်သလာန်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်|ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] » -ɛvja :စရၚ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဝေါဟာ[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအာက်သလာန်|အာက်သလာန်]]မနွံကာရန် [[ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛvja|-ɛvja]] ဂမၠိုၚ်။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်|ɛvja]] iw1ld89f1jto9zpdl88q2ih8ynhsj1x 106 297692 400027 2026-07-24T03:34:49Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{rhymes nav|is|ɛ|vja}} ==ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်== ===ဝဏ္ဏမွဲ=== *[[drefja]] *[[efja]] *[[gefja]] *[[hefja]] *[[kefja]] *[[knefja]] *[[krefja]] *[[nefja]] *[[refja]] *[[sefja]] *[[skefja]] *[[slefja]] *[[snefja]] *[[stefja]] *[[tefja]] *[[trefja]] *[[vefja]] *[[þefja]]" 400027 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rhymes nav|is|ɛ|vja}} ==ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်== ===ဝဏ္ဏမွဲ=== *[[drefja]] *[[efja]] *[[gefja]] *[[hefja]] *[[kefja]] *[[knefja]] *[[krefja]] *[[nefja]] *[[refja]] *[[sefja]] *[[skefja]] *[[slefja]] *[[snefja]] *[[stefja]] *[[tefja]] *[[trefja]] *[[vefja]] *[[þefja]] p15z3b78banzepq259k7np2spws7f8g 14 297693 400028 2026-07-24T03:37:23Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်|ɛ-]]" 400028 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်|ɛ-]] 9fpuaujnb7ftio84m7ljpcx9nri51fc 106 297694 400029 2026-07-24T03:42:51Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "ဗဵုရံၚ် [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်/ɛ-]]. ==C== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːʏ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːʏr]] ==F== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfs]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfsa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfstna]] *:Rhymes:Icelandic/..." 400029 wikitext text/x-wiki ဗဵုရံၚ် [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်/ɛ-]]. ==C== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːʏ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛcːʏr]] ==F== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfs]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfsa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfstna]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfstnɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfsʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛft]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfta]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛftɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfː]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛfːɪ]] ==H== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhca]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhciŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhcɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhcɪtl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhcʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhcʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhka]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhkla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhkniŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhknɛska]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhp]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhpa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhpliŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhpliŋkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhplɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhpna]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhpnʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhpɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhpʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛht]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhta]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhtla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhtliŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhtliŋkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhtnɛska]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhtnɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhtɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛhtʏr]] ==K== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛkl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛkla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛkliŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛkn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛkna]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛknʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛkː]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛkːʏr]] ==L== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlca]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlciŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlcɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlja]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛljʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlka]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlkʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛls]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlsa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlstʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlsɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlt]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlta]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛltiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛltɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛltʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛltʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlv]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlva]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlviŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlvʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlː]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlːa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlːɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛlːʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥ca]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥ciŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥k]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥kʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥p]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥pa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥t]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥ta]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥tiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥tiŋkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥tɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛl̥tʏr]] ==M== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmja]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmlʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmp]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmpa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmpiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmpiŋkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmpɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛms]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmsa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmt]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmta]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmtʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmː]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmːa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmːiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmːɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmːʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛmːʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛm̥pa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛm̥pɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛm̥t]] ==N== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnja]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛns]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnsa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnska]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnskʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnstla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnsɪtl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnt]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnta]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛntla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛntɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛntɪtl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛntʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnː]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnːa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnːaːrɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnːiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnːɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛnːʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛn̥t]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛn̥ta]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛn̥tʏr]] ==P== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpliŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛplɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpna]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpnɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpnʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛpːɪ]] ==R== *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrca]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrciŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrcɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrcɪtl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrja]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrjʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrlɛntʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrm]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrma]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrmaːðʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrmiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrmɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrmʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrmʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrnt]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrntʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrtl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrtla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrtn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrtna]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrtnɪr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrv]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrva]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrvɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrvɪtl]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrvʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrð]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrða]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrðiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrðʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrː]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrːa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrːiŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrːɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛrːʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥ca]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥ciŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥cɪ]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥cʏn]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥k]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥kʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥p]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥pa]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥piŋk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥piŋkʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥pla]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥pʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥s]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥sca]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥sk]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥skʏr]] *[[:Rhymes:Icelandic/ɛr̥st]] [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်/ɛ-| ]] pspemdnkeqxjg2tzd1tkc5ytn2e6yoq 400030 400029 2026-07-24T03:55:03Z Intobesa.bot 1035 Bot: ပွမကၠာဲစုတ်ယၟုနူဘာသာအၚ်္ဂလိက် 400030 wikitext text/x-wiki ဗဵုရံၚ် [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်/ɛ-]]. ==C== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛcːa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛcːiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛcːɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛcːʏ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛcːʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛcːʏr]] ==F== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfs]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfsa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfstna]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfstnɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfsʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛft]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfta]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛftɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfː]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛfːɪ]] ==H== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhca]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhciŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhcɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhcɪtl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhcʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhcʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhka]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhkla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhkniŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhknɛska]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhp]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhpa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhpliŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhpliŋkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhplɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhpna]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhpnʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhpɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhpʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛht]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhta]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhtla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhtliŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhtliŋkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhtnɛska]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhtnɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhtɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛhtʏr]] ==K== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛkl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛkla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛkliŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛkn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛkna]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛknʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛkː]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛkːʏr]] ==L== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlca]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlciŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlcɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlja]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛljʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlka]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlkʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛls]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlsa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlstʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlsɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlt]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlta]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛltiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛltɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛltʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛltʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlv]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlva]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlviŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlvʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlː]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlːa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlːɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛlːʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥ca]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥ciŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥k]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥kʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥p]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥pa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥t]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥ta]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥tiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥tiŋkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥tɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛl̥tʏr]] ==M== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmja]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmlʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmp]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmpa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmpiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmpiŋkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmpɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛms]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmsa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmt]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmta]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmtʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmː]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmːa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmːiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmːɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmːʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛmːʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛm̥pa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛm̥pɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛm̥t]] ==N== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnja]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛns]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnsa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnska]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnskʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnstla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnsɪtl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnt]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnta]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛntla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛntɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛntɪtl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛntʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnː]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnːa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnːaːrɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnːiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnːɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛnːʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛn̥t]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛn̥ta]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛn̥tʏr]] ==P== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpliŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛplɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpna]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpnɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpnʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛpːɪ]] ==R== *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrca]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrciŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrcɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrcɪtl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrja]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrjʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrlɛntʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrm]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrma]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrmaːðʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrmiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrmɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrmʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrmʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrnt]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrntʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrtl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrtla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrtn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrtna]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrtnɪr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrv]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrva]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrvɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrvɪtl]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrvʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrð]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrða]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrðiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrðʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrː]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrːa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrːiŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrːɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛrːʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥ca]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥ciŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥cɪ]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥cʏn]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥k]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥kʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥p]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥pa]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥piŋk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥piŋkʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥pla]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥pʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥s]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥sca]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥sk]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥skʏr]] *[[:ကာရန်:အာက်သလာန်/ɛr̥st]] [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်အာက်သလာန်ဂမၠိုၚ်/ɛ-| ]] defa1i8vlunyfut4in3a5e3adfxyx6p 0 297695 400032 2026-07-24T07:28:36Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|is|krefja|nocat=1}}" 400032 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|is|krefja|nocat=1}} 4z0gg4b76oqctipr51796rfkgfdamh3 400043 400032 2026-07-24T07:41:33Z Hiyuune 1535 400043 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||1//3|s|past|act|ind}} 2lv6h5mn7cnb447t88fzqqve1vv1404 400080 400043 2026-07-24T09:22:01Z Hiyuune 1535 400080 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||1//3|s|past|act|ind}} ==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|non|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{infl of|non|krefja||3|s|past|act|ind}} smyjufw5qbc18z4wvt8f72t0jxbpr3h 0 297696 400033 2026-07-24T07:29:02Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|is|krefja|nocat=1}}" 400033 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|is|krefja|nocat=1}} 4z0gg4b76oqctipr51796rfkgfdamh3 0 297697 400034 2026-07-24T07:30:38Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|gem-pro|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|gem-pro|krefja|nocat=1}}" 400034 wikitext text/x-wiki ==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|gem-pro|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|gem-pro|krefja|nocat=1}} jznrms9ofip4y8wnpy9uje1n0i6eq4g 400035 400034 2026-07-24T07:31:15Z 咽頭べさ 33 400035 wikitext text/x-wiki ==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|non|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|non|krefja|nocat=1}} 3ovt3s6ks912ss9uylseho0exrc6s7f 0 297698 400036 2026-07-24T07:31:41Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|non|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|non|krefja|nocat=1}}" 400036 wikitext text/x-wiki ==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|non|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|non|krefja|nocat=1}} 3ovt3s6ks912ss9uylseho0exrc6s7f 0 297699 400037 2026-07-24T07:32:20Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|non|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|non|krefja|nocat=1}}" 400037 wikitext text/x-wiki ==နဳနိုတ်တြေံ== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|non|ဗီုပြၚ်ကြိယာ}} # {{present participle of|non|krefja|nocat=1}} 3ovt3s6ks912ss9uylseho0exrc6s7f 0 297700 400038 2026-07-24T07:36:23Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|てらじま}}" 400038 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|てらじま}} fv34i3u2mdfsmqgsj9fl7yxw50hax3z 0 297701 400039 2026-07-24T07:37:03Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|てらじま}}" 400039 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|てらじま}} fv34i3u2mdfsmqgsj9fl7yxw50hax3z 0 297702 400040 2026-07-24T07:38:43Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|まみい}}" 400040 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|まみい}} 297edc7un1dowf96subiortjcbnmocm 0 297703 400041 2026-07-24T07:39:22Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|真実井}}" 400041 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|真実井}} kxkoy6xp6jrljtrpjf01gpfid11hw0x 0 297704 400042 2026-07-24T07:40:27Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|真実井}}" 400042 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|真実井}} kxkoy6xp6jrljtrpjf01gpfid11hw0x 400044 400042 2026-07-24T07:42:00Z 咽頭べさ 33 400044 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|まみい}} # {{alternative form of|ja|真実井}} 3zu3r8avn88a0qyd7l95xchhz7ubrb6 0 297705 400045 2026-07-24T07:42:27Z Hiyuune 1535 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|verb form}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||1//3|s|pres|act|sub|;|3|p|pres|act|sub}}" 400045 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|verb form}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||1//3|s|pres|act|sub|;|3|p|pres|act|sub}} 150ckyfv5ihb6cfteo0wyaeb11vnxnn 0 297706 400046 2026-07-24T07:42:52Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|まみい}}" 400046 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|まみい}} 297edc7un1dowf96subiortjcbnmocm 400048 400046 2026-07-24T07:44:07Z 咽頭べさ 33 400048 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု "mami"}} =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|マミー}} owpg2d9ly0whf1h5znlu60cr33fe4n3 0 297707 400047 2026-07-24T07:43:14Z Hiyuune 1535 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|verb form}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||1//3|s|past|act|sub}}" 400047 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|verb form}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||1//3|s|past|act|sub}} szcu73evkbu0f5z1vhmfv0al45ysuat 100 297708 400049 2026-07-24T07:50:51Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{wp|Mami|lang=en}} ဝေါဟာ “mami” ဝွံ မပြာကတ်ကၠုၚ်ပ္ဍဲအရေဝ်ဘာသာဗွဲမဂၠိုၚ်၊ မနွံမဂၠိုၚ်ကဵုဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်နကဵုမရပ်စပ်သုၚ်စောဲမဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ပွမသုၚ်စောဲမအခဝ်ဇၞော်၊ သၚ်္..." 400049 wikitext text/x-wiki {{wp|Mami|lang=en}} ဝေါဟာ “mami” ဝွံ မပြာကတ်ကၠုၚ်ပ္ဍဲအရေဝ်ဘာသာဗွဲမဂၠိုၚ်၊ မနွံမဂၠိုၚ်ကဵုဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်နကဵုမရပ်စပ်သုၚ်စောဲမဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု ပွမသုၚ်စောဲမအခဝ်ဇၞော်၊ သၚ်္ကေတမထပိုတ်ကုတ်ဝါကျ ကဵု မတပ်ဗၠိုဟ်ဂမၠိုၚ်။ ==ပွမသုၚ်စောဲမလိက်ဇၞော်ဍောတ်ကဵုလက္ခဏပ္တိတ်ရမျာၚ်== {{top2}} * [[mami]] * [[Mami]] * [[MAMI]] * [[mami']] * [[-mami]] {{bottom}} ==လက္ခဏပတပ်ဗၠိုဟ်ရမျာၚ်== {{top2}} * [[mamī]], [[mamī']] * [[mamí]] * [[māmi]] * [[mámi]] * [[mámí]] {{bottom}} ==ဂၞန်ဂမၠိုၚ်== {{top2}} * [[ma⁴³ mɪ³¹]] {{bottom}} ==မအခဝ်တၞဟ်== {{top2}} ; သဳရဳလိ * [[мамі]] (mami), [[Мамі]] (Mami) * [[мами]] (mami), [[Мами]] (Mami), [[МАМИ]] (MAMI) ; ကာတာကာနာ * [[マミー]] (mamī) ; မလေဝ်ယျလာမ် * [[മാമി]] (māmi) {{bottom}} ==ဗဵုရံၚ်ဏအ်ကီု== * [[အဆက်လက္ကရဴ:ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု "m"]] * [[အဆက်လက္ကရဴ:ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု "a"]] * [[အဆက်လက္ကရဴ:ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု "i"]] * [[အဆက်လက္ကရဴ:ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု "ma"]] [[ကဏ္ဍ:ပွမပံၚ်စပ်ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုမလိက်-ပန်မ|mami]] 6c7hamkh13tbid4ydjey2tvxsj3f81c 0 297709 400050 2026-07-24T07:55:53Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|Appendix:ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု "mami"}} ==အအ်ဥူ== ===နာမ်=== {{head|aou|noun}} # {{lb|aou|Hongfeng}} လ္တာ်။ ===နိဿဲ=== * He Yancheng [何彦诚], ''Sketch of Hongfeng Gelao'' [红丰仡佬语概况], (2008, Minzu Yuwen), [https://web.archive.org/web/20160518052736/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/langua..." 400050 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Appendix:ဗီုပြၚ်နာနာသာ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵု "mami"}} ==အအ်ဥူ== ===နာမ်=== {{head|aou|noun}} # {{lb|aou|Hongfeng}} လ္တာ်။ ===နိဿဲ=== * He Yancheng [何彦诚], ''Sketch of Hongfeng Gelao'' [红丰仡佬语概况], (2008, Minzu Yuwen), [https://web.archive.org/web/20160518052736/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=945 ABVD] {{c|aou|ဇကုဇကောဝ်}} 9dzchwqjuf6mgy2c1jl9xkcv7snt0qs 14 297711 400057 2026-07-24T08:24:18Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအအ်ဥူ]]" 400057 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအအ်ဥူ]] 453ys18p4vzpgg8vd5yzjt1awcyrlpo 0 297712 400058 2026-07-24T08:30:35Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===နိရုတ်=== {{bor+|ja|en|mommy}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ja-pron}} ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun}} # မိယာဲ။ #: {{ja-usex|'''マミー''' ブレイン|[[mommy brain|ကသပ်မိယာဲ]]။}}" 400058 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===နိရုတ်=== {{bor+|ja|en|mommy}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ja-pron}} ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun}} # မိယာဲ။ #: {{ja-usex|'''マミー''' ブレイン|[[mommy brain|ကသပ်မိယာဲ]]။}} m42pom692qy7qy9juzcae02n85v8gdm 0 297713 400059 2026-07-24T08:32:10Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mommy brain.wav|a=US}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|-}} # ကသပ်မိယာဲ။" 400059 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|en|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-mommy brain.wav|a=US}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun|-}} # ကသပ်မိယာဲ။ cf9g3xpmqle0oss107w1mhp292zrxac 0 297714 400060 2026-07-24T08:37:50Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|Mommy}} =={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|en|En-us-mommy.ogg|IPA=/ˈmɑ.mi/|3={{a|en|GA}}}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈmɒm.i/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|a=Indic|/ˈmɔ.mi/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɒmi|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|mom|my}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # မိယာဲ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|bor=1|he|מָאמִי|tr=mámi}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{en-verb}} # သကဵ..." 400060 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Mommy}} =={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|en|En-us-mommy.ogg|IPA=/ˈmɑ.mi/|3={{a|en|GA}}}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈmɒm.i/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|a=Indic|/ˈmɔ.mi/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɒmi|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|mom|my}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # မိယာဲ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|bor=1|he|מָאמִי|tr=mámi}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{en-verb}} # သကဵုသမ္တီကေတ်အရာမွဲမွဲသာ်တုပ်ညံၚ်ကဵုအရေဝ်မိယာဲမွဲသာ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်မိယာဲညးမွဲမွဲ။ i7ogbc5f0vfygq8tarxxow1xcpy83n1 400069 400060 2026-07-24T09:03:10Z 咽頭べさ 33 400069 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Mommy}} =={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|en|En-us-mommy.ogg|IPA=/ˈmɑ.mi/|3={{a|en|GA}}}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈmɒm.i/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|a=Indic|/ˈmɔ.mi/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɒmi|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|mom|my}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # မိယာဲ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|bor=1|he|מָאמִי|tr=mámi}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{en-verb}} # သကဵုသမ္တီကေတ်အရာမွဲမွဲသာ်တုပ်ညံၚ်ကဵုအရေဝ်မိယာဲမွဲသာ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်မိယာဲညးမွဲမွဲ။ ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{en-adj|mommier}} # အၚ်္ဂဂုန်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုမိယာဲ၊ မဒှ်ညံၚ်ရဴမိယာဲ။ g18aeyebhsm13i4vz2ltywk7x98cmmm 400076 400069 2026-07-24T09:12:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 400076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|Mommy}} =={{=en=}}== {{was wotd|၂၀၂၆|ဂျူလာင်|၂၇}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{audio|en|En-us-mommy.ogg|IPA=/ˈmɑ.mi/|3={{a|en|GA}}}} * {{IPA|en|/ˈmɒm.i/|a=RP}} * {{IPA|en|a=Indic|/ˈmɔ.mi/}} * {{rhymes|en|ɒmi|s=2}} * {{hyphenation|en|mom|my}} ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # မိယာဲ။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== * {{desc|bor=1|he|מָאמִי|tr=mámi}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{en-verb}} # သကဵုသမ္တီကေတ်အရာမွဲမွဲသာ်တုပ်ညံၚ်ကဵုအရေဝ်မိယာဲမွဲသာ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်မိယာဲညးမွဲမွဲ။ ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{en-adj|mommier}} # အၚ်္ဂဂုန်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုမိယာဲ၊ မဒှ်ညံၚ်ရဴမိယာဲ။ e24d1ir3ghiq53yd81yxplvpkyy01hs 0 297715 400061 2026-07-24T08:41:05Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mommy}} # {{plural of|en|mommie}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|en|verb form}} # {{infl of|en|mommy||s-verb-form}}" 400061 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{head|en|noun form}} # {{plural of|en|mommy}} # {{plural of|en|mommie}} ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|en|verb form}} # {{infl of|en|mommy||s-verb-form}} py63cpvf2439agzm930sqwfjjglxk4p 0 297716 400062 2026-07-24T08:41:55Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # {{alternative spelling of|en|mommy}}" 400062 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{en-noun}} # {{alternative spelling of|en|mommy}} 1fc2z7ydht7zueq5l43itsqsplcq5x5 0 297717 400063 2026-07-24T08:43:23Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|en|verb form}} # {{infl of|en|mommy||ing-form}}" 400063 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|en|verb form}} # {{infl of|en|mommy||ing-form}} 04x9wq3k0zpnpmcdfq2h6fgg8ojgemk 0 297718 400064 2026-07-24T08:44:01Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|en|verb form}} # {{infl of|en|mommy||ed-form}}" 400064 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|en|verb form}} # {{infl of|en|mommy||ed-form}} t17hu0ddgua2t5xwezkze7w7f7fu1tp 0 297719 400065 2026-07-24T08:45:35Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|mommy}} =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{en-proper noun}} # မိယာဲမွဲဇကုဂမၠိုၚ်။" 400065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|mommy}} =={{=en=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{en-proper noun}} # မိယာဲမွဲဇကုဂမၠိုၚ်။ 2ke63bl7leofg8ss34v6uaclc989yow 14 297720 400066 2026-07-24T08:55:18Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအၚ်္ဂလိက်|အၚ်္ဂလိက်]] » :ကဏ..." 400066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအၚ်္ဂလိက်|အၚ်္ဂလိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အၚ်္ဂလိက်|ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] » -ɒmi :စရၚ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဝေါဟာ[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအၚ်္ဂလိက်န်|အၚ်္ဂလိက်]]မနွံကာရန် [[ကာရန်:အၚ်္ဂလိက်/ɒmi|-ɒmi]] ဂမၠိုၚ်။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အၚ်္ဂလိက်|ɒmi]] qpsa0jhkuxktwfhhg3g7ovjhryfv4kw 400067 400066 2026-07-24T08:55:40Z 咽頭べさ 33 400067 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအၚ်္ဂလိက်|အၚ်္ဂလိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အၚ်္ဂလိက်|ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] » -ɒmi :စရၚ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဝေါဟာ[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာအၚ်္ဂလိက်|အၚ်္ဂလိက်]]မနွံကာရန် [[ကာရန်:အၚ်္ဂလိက်/ɒmi|-ɒmi]] ဂမၠိုၚ်။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:အၚ်္ဂလိက်|ɒmi]] qgbxdyt4s3bui3zwkx107lxmnhwx3yg 106 297721 400068 2026-07-24T08:57:42Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{rhymes nav|en|ɒ|mi}} ==ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်== -ŏmi, /-ɒmi/, /-Qmi/ ===လိက်သမ္တီ=== #For more rhymes, add ''y'', ''ey'' or ''ie'' to some words at [[Rhymes:အၚ်္ဂလိက်/ɒm|-ɒm]]. ==ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်== ===ဝဏ္ဏမွဲ=== <!--Note: words in this section must be stressed on the PENULTIMATE syllable.--> {{rhyme-top}} * {{l|en|commie}} * {{..." 400068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{rhymes nav|en|ɒ|mi}} ==ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်== -ŏmi, /-ɒmi/, /-Qmi/ ===လိက်သမ္တီ=== #For more rhymes, add ''y'', ''ey'' or ''ie'' to some words at [[Rhymes:အၚ်္ဂလိက်/ɒm|-ɒm]]. ==ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်== ===ဝဏ္ဏမွဲ=== <!--Note: words in this section must be stressed on the PENULTIMATE syllable.--> {{rhyme-top}} * {{l|en|commie}} * {{l|en|homi}} * {{l|en|mommy}} * {{l|en|pommy}} * {{l|en|Tommy}} {{rhyme-bottom}} ===ဝဏ္ဏၜါ=== <!--Note: words in this section must be stressed on the PENULTIMATE syllable.--> {{rhyme-top}} * {{l|en|muscle mommy}} {{rhyme-bottom}} d7405s1fhgb8fhj6zbn7r3apdbccynv 0 297722 400070 2026-07-24T09:04:11Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{head|en|comparative adjective}} # {{en-comparative of|mommy}}" 400070 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{head|en|comparative adjective}} # {{en-comparative of|mommy}} o3f85c32fiutj3ju3folftaesrvyt0v 0 297723 400071 2026-07-24T09:05:01Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈmɑ.mi.ɪst/}} ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{head|en|superlative adjective}} # {{en-superlative of|mommy}}" 400071 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=en=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== * {{IPA|en|/ˈmɑ.mi.ɪst/}} ====နာမဝိသေသန==== {{head|en|superlative adjective}} # {{en-superlative of|mommy}} 6nmyrm8y07cz88rb7k3m18s6no85zq9 0 297724 400072 2026-07-24T09:08:40Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==ဟဳဗရဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{bor|he|en|mommy}} ===နာမ်=== {{he-noun|wv=מָאמִי|tr=mámi|g=m|g2=f}} # အပိုၚ်အခြာကာလမဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဓဝ်မေတ္တာဂရုဏာ။" 400072 wikitext text/x-wiki ==ဟဳဗရဝ်== ===နိရုတ်=== ဝေါဟာကၠုၚ်နူ {{bor|he|en|mommy}} ===နာမ်=== {{he-noun|wv=מָאמִי|tr=mámi|g=m|g2=f}} # အပိုၚ်အခြာကာလမဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဓဝ်မေတ္တာဂရုဏာ။ mktt43zc2xpsm1e1qljt1xs8konl335 14 297725 400073 2026-07-24T09:09:43Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟဳဗရဝ်]]" 400073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟဳဗရဝ်]] 9ghif9lto77i0l3onex4ferh4ntzf7v 14 297726 400074 2026-07-24T09:10:52Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟဳဗရဝ်]]" 400074 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟဳဗရဝ်]] 9ghif9lto77i0l3onex4ferh4ntzf7v 14 297727 400075 2026-07-24T09:11:31Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟဳဗရဝ်]]" 400075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟဳဗရဝ်]] 9ghif9lto77i0l3onex4ferh4ntzf7v 4 297728 400077 2026-07-24T09:16:09Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{WOTD|mommy|နာမ်| မိယာဲ။ : ကြိယာ # သကဵုသမ္တီကေတ်အရာမွဲမွဲသာ်တုပ်ညံၚ်ကဵုအရေဝ်မိယာဲမွဲသာ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်မိယာဲညးမွဲမွဲ။ : နာမဝိသေသန # အၚ်္ဂဂုန်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုမိယာဲ၊ မဒှ်ညံ..." 400077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{WOTD|mommy|နာမ်| မိယာဲ။ : ကြိယာ # သကဵုသမ္တီကေတ်အရာမွဲမွဲသာ်တုပ်ညံၚ်ကဵုအရေဝ်မိယာဲမွဲသာ်၊ သကဵုဒှ်မိယာဲညးမွဲမွဲ။ : နာမဝိသေသန # အၚ်္ဂဂုန်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုမိယာဲ၊ မဒှ်ညံၚ်ရဴမိယာဲ။|audio=En-us-mommy.ogg|ဂျူလာင်|၂၇}} hcj51fhnyej3j5j99z3l4ff5mvz3kwd 0 297729 400078 2026-07-24T09:19:28Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あいうち}}" 400078 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あいうち}} ji0swjt1dis6ghpzg2i2zr7mzcapkgv 0 297730 400079 2026-07-24T09:20:14Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あいうち}}" 400079 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あいうち}} ji0swjt1dis6ghpzg2i2zr7mzcapkgv 0 297731 400081 2026-07-24T09:22:05Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あいうち}} # {{alternative form of|ja|愛内}}" 400081 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あいうち}} # {{alternative form of|ja|愛内}} n9smpho5c7djmdkqnfqg2mtlosqgnk3 0 297732 400083 2026-07-24T09:28:42Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あい|う|y=k}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ja-pron|あいうち}} ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun|あいうち}} # လ္ပာ်သီုၜါပွမဒှ်ဗွဲတၟေၚ်ပရေၚ်မလေၚ်ဒိုက်လဝ်အာ။" 400083 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あい|う|y=k}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ja-pron|あいうち}} ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun|あいうち}} # လ္ပာ်သီုၜါပွမဒှ်ဗွဲတၟေၚ်ပရေၚ်မလေၚ်ဒိုက်လဝ်အာ။ 4qof9ijj218nbba03e4g7q4sci0grka 0 297733 400084 2026-07-24T09:28:46Z Hiyuune 1535 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|verb form}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||2//3|s|pres|act|ind}}" 400084 wikitext text/x-wiki ==အာက်သလာန်== ===ကြိယာ=== {{head|is|verb form}} # {{infl of|is|krefja||2//3|s|pres|act|ind}} oyhpfnvq2ut38e1cshphucmq4hh53pv 0 297734 400085 2026-07-24T09:29:40Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun|あいうち}} # {{alternative form of|ja|相撃ち}}" 400085 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun|あいうち}} # {{alternative form of|ja|相撃ち}} 2xfurns2pejvuilv4tzsh0e6pxehca9 0 297735 400086 2026-07-24T09:32:10Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{ja-def|昭信|明信|彰布|彰展|昭修|明允}} {{surname|ja|g=m}}" 400086 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{ja-def|昭信|明信|彰布|彰展|昭修|明允}} {{surname|ja|g=m}} gbio402bi6ibn3ixva7kjo2j1ge8rgm 0 297736 400087 2026-07-24T09:32:50Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきのぶ}}" 400087 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきのぶ}} hcnppmeq9crbyalc8cu304qp00hg9fg 0 297737 400088 2026-07-24T09:33:28Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきのぶ}}" 400088 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきのぶ}} hcnppmeq9crbyalc8cu304qp00hg9fg 0 297738 400089 2026-07-24T09:34:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|のぶ}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}}" 400089 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|のぶ}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}} fssia6pmuxjj2kdaiyq2wqhkalec41p 0 297739 400090 2026-07-24T09:36:13Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|のぶ}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}}" 400090 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|のぶ}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}} fssia6pmuxjj2kdaiyq2wqhkalec41p 0 297740 400091 2026-07-24T09:37:01Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|o1=の|ふ|k2=ぶ|r=y|yomi=ko}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}}" 400091 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|o1=の|ふ|k2=ぶ|r=y|yomi=ko}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}} c1d3s2m9rxd8zca1d05yu1jahlo3514 0 297741 400092 2026-07-24T09:37:39Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|の|o2=ぶ|yomi=k}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}}" 400092 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|の|o2=ぶ|yomi=k}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}} 87lqq85hay1e7xakoneklp5foxjjxxj 0 297742 400093 2026-07-24T09:38:13Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|のぶ}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}}" 400093 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|のぶ}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきのぶ}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきのぶ}} fssia6pmuxjj2kdaiyq2wqhkalec41p 0 297743 400095 2026-07-24T09:40:25Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}}" 400095 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}} nph0db4d30c6n6f6fmw2a0vj5i0l3nw 0 297744 400096 2026-07-24T09:41:04Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}}" 400096 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}} nph0db4d30c6n6f6fmw2a0vj5i0l3nw 0 297745 400097 2026-07-24T09:42:11Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{ja-def|章成|明成|章允|晃允|秋允|昭允|晶允|明允}} {{surname|ja|g=m}} # {{ja-def|淳成|璃成|秋成|穐成}} {{surname|ja}}" 400097 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper}} # {{ja-def|章成|明成|章允|晃允|秋允|昭允|晶允|明允}} {{surname|ja|g=m}} # {{ja-def|淳成|璃成|秋成|穐成}} {{surname|ja}} ekt6p1uwm6754a4gdf2xchde4tbosy9 0 297746 400098 2026-07-24T09:43:10Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}}{{ja-kanjitab|あき|しげ}}{{ja-kanjitab|しょう|せい}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり|あきしげ|しょうせい}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}}" 400098 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}}{{ja-kanjitab|あき|しげ}}{{ja-kanjitab|しょう|せい}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり|あきしげ|しょうせい}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}} fh926rnj6ot3jmr84yxu5f69tqqgij0 0 297747 400099 2026-07-24T09:43:45Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|章成}}" 400099 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|章成}} r0xgb9d4awy7gw4qxsgvb0kjalmtj4r 0 297748 400100 2026-07-24T09:44:23Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|じょうせい|しょせい|じょせい}} =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see-kango|小生|小成|召請|招請|勝勢|笑声|焼成|照星|将星|鐘声|称制|商勢|掌性|昌盛}}" 400100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|じょうせい|しょせい|じょせい}} =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see-kango|小生|小成|召請|招請|勝勢|笑声|焼成|照星|将星|鐘声|称制|商勢|掌性|昌盛}} 1h20qtdvjpoy3iw2vu9x9b2tixdra06 0 297749 400101 2026-07-24T09:52:59Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms}} {{wp|zh:}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=xiǎoshēng |c=siu2 sang1 |c-t=lhiau2 sang1 |h=pfs=séu-sên |mn=xm,zz,tw:sió-seng/qz:sió-sng |cat=n,pron }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # {{w|lang=en|xiaosheng|သျှဴသျှဴ}} {{gloss|အၚ်္ဂဂုန်သၟတ်တြုံ}} ===သဗ္ဗနာမ်=== {{head|zh|pronoun}} # ကုအဲ..." 400101 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms}} {{wp|zh:}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=xiǎoshēng |c=siu2 sang1 |c-t=lhiau2 sang1 |h=pfs=séu-sên |mn=xm,zz,tw:sió-seng/qz:sió-sng |cat=n,pron }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # {{w|lang=en|xiaosheng|သျှဴသျှဴ}} {{gloss|အၚ်္ဂဂုန်သၟတ်တြုံ}} ===သဗ္ဗနာမ်=== {{head|zh|pronoun}} # ကုအဲ၊ ကွးကုအဲ။ =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しょう|せい|yomi=o}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ja-pron|しょうせい|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}} ===သဗ္ဗနာမ်=== {{ja-pos|pronoun|しょうせい}} # အဲ။ ==={{References}}=== <references/> :* {{R:Kanjipedia Kotoba|0003343400}} 9t8hiuxrsi1ozjq9ncvut7kmfqfib39 14 297750 400102 2026-07-24T09:57:47Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟောတ်ကဳယာန်]]" 400102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာဟောတ်ကဳယာန်]] 1bdbiqxxethrltqkev34qiy6ihgpm7m 14 297751 400103 2026-07-24T09:59:53Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာန်ဒါရေဝ်]]" 400103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာမာန်ဒါရေဝ်]] dg2q4wiuww4895r60zi7xodu02b5ksi 0 297752 400104 2026-07-24T10:01:40Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==မာန်ဒါရေဝ်== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{cmn-pinyin}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|小聲}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|小生}}" 400104 wikitext text/x-wiki ==မာန်ဒါရေဝ်== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{cmn-pinyin}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|小聲}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|小生}} 54b0w6p3wqlhiscrc575rqw5akb7zek 0 297753 400105 2026-07-24T10:10:03Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|小声}} =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms|s=小声}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=xiǎoshēng,er=y |c=siu2 seng1 |cat=n,a,adv }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # ရမျာၚ်သဝ်၊ ကသေဲ။ ===နာမဝိသေသန=== {{head|zh|adjective}} # ပရေၚ်မသ္ၚိတ်ဇြ။ ===ကြိယာဝိသေသန=== {{head|zh|adverb}} # ပရေၚ..." 400105 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|小声}} =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms|s=小声}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=xiǎoshēng,er=y |c=siu2 seng1 |cat=n,a,adv }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # ရမျာၚ်သဝ်၊ ကသေဲ။ ===နာမဝိသေသန=== {{head|zh|adjective}} # ပရေၚ်မသ္ၚိတ်ဇြ။ ===ကြိယာဝိသေသန=== {{head|zh|adverb}} # ပရေၚ်မညိၚ်သ္ၚိတ်ဇြ၊ အပ္ဍဲရမျာၚ်မသ္ၚိတ်ဇြ။ lpvl5kwn5krxqn8d1vn2vozqimtj47b 0 297754 400106 2026-07-24T10:11:39Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==မာန်ဒါရေဝ်== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{cmn-pinyin}} # {{pinyin reading of|小聲}}" 400106 wikitext text/x-wiki ==မာန်ဒါရေဝ်== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{cmn-pinyin}} # {{pinyin reading of|小聲}} pnm3hivkup14ht1hlr1zs1g5k2alq59 0 297755 400107 2026-07-24T10:13:08Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|shosei}} =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|しょうせい}}" 400107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|shosei}} =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|しょうせい}} snldpxc2uiieie4g2cvb7c91lhfp0xa 0 297756 400108 2026-07-24T10:14:06Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|しょせい}}" 400108 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|しょせい}} ffrxut9cd97lqf53mh21d421lhd5vc7 0 297757 400109 2026-07-24T10:14:56Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|しょぜい|じょせい}} =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|書生|初生|処世|書聖|諸政|所生|初世|所済|諸生}}" 400109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|しょぜい|じょせい}} =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|書生|初生|処世|書聖|諸政|所生|初世|所済|諸生}} 795igrm80w0kp427c3poe6kn7r6h7qd 0 297758 400110 2026-07-24T10:26:29Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "{{also|书生}} =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms|s=书生}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=shūshēng |c=syu1 sang1 |h=pfs=sû-sên;hrs=h:shuˋ senˋ |md=cṳ̆-sĕng |mn=xm,tw,yl:su-seng/qz:chir-sng/zz:si-seng |mn-t=ze1 sêng1 |w=hz:1syu sen1 |mc=y |cat=n }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # တၠပညာ၊ ညာန်ပညာ။ # တၠပညာညံၚ်ရဴပညာလောန်က..." 400110 wikitext text/x-wiki {{also|书生}} =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms|s=书生}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=shūshēng |c=syu1 sang1 |h=pfs=sû-sên;hrs=h:shuˋ senˋ |md=cṳ̆-sĕng |mn=xm,tw,yl:su-seng/qz:chir-sng/zz:si-seng |mn-t=ze1 sêng1 |w=hz:1syu sen1 |mc=y |cat=n }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # တၠပညာ၊ ညာန်ပညာ။ # တၠပညာညံၚ်ရဴပညာလောန်ကာဲ။ =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|しょ|せい|yomi=on}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ja-pron|しょせい|acc=0|acc_ref=DJR4,SMK8,NHK}} ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun|しょせい}} # ကွးဘာ။ # ကွးဘာမွဲဇကုညးမရီုဗၚ်မၞုံကဵုကမၠောန်သ္ၚိပ္ဍဲမသၠာဲဗ္တးသွက်လုပ်ဖျေံသ္ဇိုၚ်ဂမၠိုၚ်။ ==={{References}}=== <references/> gg3usy9m7xqjrbu2z8wx13prmcbnf07 0 297759 400111 2026-07-24T10:27:42Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "==မာန်ဒါရေဝ်== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{cmn-pinyin}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|書生}}" 400111 wikitext text/x-wiki ==မာန်ဒါရေဝ်== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{cmn-pinyin}} # {{cmn-pinyin of|書生}} 2y0kg2l70ni7i13vgs7z44o7sec1yqa 0 297760 400112 2026-07-24T10:31:36Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}}" 400112 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}} nph0db4d30c6n6f6fmw2a0vj5i0l3nw 0 297761 400113 2026-07-24T10:32:20Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}}" 400113 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|あきなり}} nph0db4d30c6n6f6fmw2a0vj5i0l3nw 0 297762 400114 2026-07-24T10:34:07Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|しょうせい}}" 400114 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|しょうせい}} fda4a791ddd1skjg0z9ik5yfp2gyp5q 0 297763 400115 2026-07-24T10:36:07Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}}" 400115 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}} 24ldh5jc0gv9svz4gtwyq18zbcbujtl 0 297764 400116 2026-07-24T10:36:36Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}}" 400116 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}} 24ldh5jc0gv9svz4gtwyq18zbcbujtl 0 297765 400117 2026-07-24T10:36:56Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}}" 400117 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}} 24ldh5jc0gv9svz4gtwyq18zbcbujtl 0 297766 400118 2026-07-24T10:37:18Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}}" 400118 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}} 24ldh5jc0gv9svz4gtwyq18zbcbujtl 0 297767 400119 2026-07-24T10:37:51Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}}" 400119 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}} 24ldh5jc0gv9svz4gtwyq18zbcbujtl 0 297768 400120 2026-07-24T10:38:13Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}}" 400120 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|g=m|sort=あきなり}} 24ldh5jc0gv9svz4gtwyq18zbcbujtl 0 297769 400121 2026-07-24T10:38:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}}" 400121 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}} l4tuqnxyaj94enrxon12sypm61r6jpi 0 297770 400122 2026-07-24T10:39:14Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}}" 400122 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}} l4tuqnxyaj94enrxon12sypm61r6jpi 0 297771 400123 2026-07-24T10:39:28Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}}" 400123 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}} l4tuqnxyaj94enrxon12sypm61r6jpi 0 297772 400124 2026-07-24T10:39:46Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}}" 400124 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|あき|なり}} ===နာမ်မကိတ်ညဳ=== {{ja-pos|proper|あきなり}} # {{surname|ja|sort=あきなり}} l4tuqnxyaj94enrxon12sypm61r6jpi 14 297773 400125 2026-07-24T10:44:18Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာတာဂါလံက်|တာဂါလံက်]] » :ကဏ္ဍ:..." 400125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်|ဒၞာဲလုပ်အဝေါၚ်ကဵုပၟိက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်|အရေဝ်ဘာသာအိုတ်သီုဂမၠိုၚ်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာတာဂါလံက်|တာဂါလံက်]] » [[:ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:တာဂါလံက်|ကာရန်ဂမၠိုၚ်]] » -aɾa :စရၚ်မဆေၚ်စပ်ကဵုဝေါဟာ[[:ကဏ္ဍ:ဘာသာတာဂါလံက်|တာဂါလံက်]]မနွံကာရန် aɾa ဂမၠိုၚ်။ [[ကဏ္ဍ:ကာရန်:တာဂါလံက်|aɾa]] qt3tusxy8ekemyjmvi3880pwyabzrx4 0 297774 400126 2026-07-24T10:47:52Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-rom}} # {{ja-rom of|ながさか}}" 400126 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-rom}} # {{ja-rom of|ながさか}} 48f7jykihnlc39142uwer2lywla3246 0 297775 400127 2026-07-24T10:48:38Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-rom}} # {{ja-rom of|ながさか}}" 400127 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-rom}} # {{ja-rom of|ながさか}} 48f7jykihnlc39142uwer2lywla3246 0 297776 400128 2026-07-24T10:55:25Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms}} {{wp|zh:}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=bìngdú |ma=Zh-bìngdú.ogg |c=beng6 duk6 |ca=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-病毒.wav |h=pfs=phiang-thu̍k;gd=piang4 tug6 |md=bâng-dŭk |mn=qz,tp,xm,jj,ph,sg:pīⁿ-to̍k/kh,zz:pēⁿ-to̍k |mn-t=bên7 dag8 |w=sh:6bin doq |cat=n }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # စၟယဲဝါၚ်ရာတ်။ ===မဒုၚ်လွ..." 400128 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms}} {{wp|zh:}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=bìngdú |ma=Zh-bìngdú.ogg |c=beng6 duk6 |ca=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-病毒.wav |h=pfs=phiang-thu̍k;gd=piang4 tug6 |md=bâng-dŭk |mn=qz,tp,xm,jj,ph,sg:pīⁿ-to̍k/kh,zz:pēⁿ-to̍k |mn-t=bên7 dag8 |w=sh:6bin doq |cat=n }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # စၟယဲဝါၚ်ရာတ်။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== {{CJKV||びょうどく|병독|bệnh độc}} =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|びょう|どく|yomi=goon}} ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun|びょうどく}} # စၟယဲဝါၚ်ရာတ်။ =={{=ko=}}== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===နာမ်=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=병독}} # {{hanja form of|병독|[[virus]]}} dmg00z7h38s7ea6bj19qtkjm680spmk 400129 400128 2026-07-24T10:56:04Z 咽頭べさ 33 400129 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=zh=}}== {{zh-forms}} {{wp|zh:}} ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{zh-pron |m=bìngdú |ma=Zh-bìngdú.ogg |c=beng6 duk6 |ca=LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-病毒.wav |h=pfs=phiang-thu̍k;gd=piang4 tug6 |md=bâng-dŭk |mn=qz,tp,xm,jj,ph,sg:pīⁿ-to̍k/kh,zz:pēⁿ-to̍k |mn-t=bên7 dag8 |w=sh:6bin doq |cat=n }} ===နာမ်=== {{head|zh|noun}} # စၟယဲဝါၚ်ရာတ်။ ===မဒုၚ်လွဳစ=== {{CJKV||びょうどく|병독|bệnh độc}} =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-kanjitab|びょう|どく|yomi=goon}} ===နာမ်=== {{ja-noun|びょうどく}} # စၟယဲဝါၚ်ရာတ်။ =={{=ko=}}== {{ko-hanjatab}} ===နာမ်=== {{ko-noun|hangeul=병독}} # {{hanja form of|병독}} 4lhb88e8kkk8f4yi8cqvzrrv4b3zbrg 0 297777 400130 2026-07-24T10:56:57Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|びょうどく}}" 400130 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== ===ဗီုအက္ခရ်ရောမ=== {{ja-romaji}} # {{ja-romanization of|びょうどく}} guqf1lvqlfm902u755qr9niqvel02sv 0 297778 400131 2026-07-24T10:57:28Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|病毒}}" 400131 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ja=}}== {{ja-see|病毒}} 5hbbshuuwhrbulme8iqa5gt34gcjrfa 0 297779 400132 2026-07-24T11:00:19Z 咽頭べさ 33 ခၞံကၠောန်လဝ် မုက်လိက် နကု "=={{=ko=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ko-IPA|l=y}} ===နာမ်=== {{ko-noun|hanja=病毒}} # စၟယဲဝါၚ်ရာတ်။" 400132 wikitext text/x-wiki =={{=ko=}}== ===ဗွဟ်ရမ္သာၚ်=== {{ko-IPA|l=y}} ===နာမ်=== {{ko-noun|hanja=病毒}} # စၟယဲဝါၚ်ရာတ်။ 9knagbolsnvx3zovgvmmm689b2fkms8