Wikipedija mtwiki https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il-Pa%C4%A1na_prin%C4%8Bipali MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Medja Speċjali Diskussjoni Utent Diskussjoni utent Wikipedija Diskussjoni Wikipedija Stampa Diskussjoni stampa MediaWiki Diskussjoni MediaWiki Mudell Diskussjoni mudell Għajnuna Diskussjoni għajnuna Kategorija Diskussjoni kategorija Portal Diskussjoni portal TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3696 332130 269457 2026-09-19T04:46:48Z Trigcly 17859 332130 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Xhur}} {{Jannar}} '''Jannar''' huwa l-ewwel [[xahar]] tas-[[sena]] skont il-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]. Dan ix-xahar għandu 31 jum, u hu wieħed minn 7 xhur ta' 31 jum fil-kalendarju Gregorjan. Jannar jibda (astroloġikament) bix-[[xemx]] fil-[[Kaprikornu]] u jispiċċa fl-[[Akkwarju (astroloġija)|Akkwarju]]. L-isem ''Jannar'' hu minn alla Ruman [[Ġanu]] (''[[Ianuarius]]''), l-alla tal-bibien; l-isem kellu l-bidu tiegħu fil-mitoloġija Rumana, fejn il-kelma [[Latin]]a għal bieb (ianua) tiġi - Jannar hu l-bieb għas-sena. L-alla Ġanu kien meqjum minn xi 400 qK sa xi 400 wK. Fit-talb kienu jibdew bih, anke qabel il-kbir Ġove, u kien imfittex fil-bidu ta’ ħafna affarijiet, gwerer inklużi. Fl-istatwi huwa skolpit b’żewġ uċuħ opposti, wieħed biex iħares lura u l-ieħor għal quddiem, b’muftieħ f’idu l-leminija u b’bastun fix-xellugija. Il-festi tiegħu kienu jsiru għall-bidu tas-sena. Il-Ħindi ukoll għandhom, fost mijiet ta’ allat, lil alla Vayu, rappreżentat b’żewġ uċuħ biex iħares lura u ’l quddiem u wkoll jitolbuh qabel jibdew l-affarijiet. Ukoll f’Jannar, fil-15, għandhom il-Makara Sakranti, festival kbir tal-ħasil fix-xmajjar speċjalment dik Ganges meqjusa l-iktar qaddisa. Tradizzjonalment, il-kalendarju Ruman kien jikkonsisti minn 10 xhur, b'total ta' 304 ġurnata, fejn ix-xitwa kienet meqjusa bħala xahar mingħajr ġranet. Madwar [[713 QK]], ir-Re [[Numa Pompilius]] żied ix-xhur ta' Jannar u [[Frar]] biex jagħmel in-numru ta' ġranet tas-sena daqs tas-sena solari (355 ġurnata). L-ewwel ġurnata tax-xahar hi magħrufa bħala l-[[Strina|Istrina]]. Fil-bidu tal-[[153 QK]] ħa post [[Marzu]] bħala l-ewwel xahar. Marzu qabel kien l-ewwel xahar fil-kalendarju antik Ruman. Diversi dati tal-festi Nsara kienu użati għall-Ewwel tas-Sena fl-[[Ewropa]], fosthom il-[[25 ta' Marzu]] (festa ta' l-Annunzjata) u l-[[25 ta' Diċembru]] (il-Milied). Madanakollu, l-kalendarji medjevali kienu mfassla fuq il-mudell Ruman ta' tnax-il kolonna minn Jannar sa Diċembru. Fis-[[seklu 16]], pajjiżi Ewropej bdew uffiċċjalment jagħmlu l-[[1 ta' Jannar]] il-bidu ta' sena ġdida. [[Stampa:Les Très Riches Heures du duc de Berry Janvier.jpg|180px|thumb|Jannar, illustrazzjoni minn ''Très riches heures du duc de Berry'']] Ismijiet storiċi għal Jannar jinkludu l-isem oriġinali Ruman, ''Ianuarius'', il-kelma tas-[[Sassonja]] ''Wulf-monath'' ("xahar tal-lupu"), u t-terminu wżat minn [[Karlu Manju]] ''Wintarmanoth'' ("xitwa/xahar kiesaħ"). Bil-[[Lingwa Fillandiża|Fillandiż]], ix-xahar hu msejjaħ ''tammikuu'', li tfisser ix-xahar tal-balluta, imma t-tifsira oriġinali kienet ix-xahar tal-qalb tax-xitwa, billi "tammi" kienet tfisser qalb. Dan ix-xahar hu msejjaħ bil-[[lingwa Ċeka]] ''leden'', li tfisser ix-xahar tas-silġ. L-ewwel [[Tnejn]] ta' Jannar hu magħruf bħala ''[[Handsel Monday]]'' fl-[[Skozja|Iskozja]] u fit-tramuntana ta' l-[[Ingilterra]]. Fl-Ingilterra, is-sena tal-agrikoltura bdiet b'''[[Plough Sunday]]'' fil-[[Ħadd]] wara l-[[Epifanija]]. Fil-kalendarju Kattoliku hemm festi importanti li jibdew fil-bidunett (twelid Jannar huwa mfakkar minn kull kampnar). Skont ir-riforma tal-1969, l-ewwel ta’ Jannar sar iddedikat lil Marija Omm Alla. Qabel kienet il-festa taċ-ċirkonċiżjoni ta’ Ġesù (li tneħħiet mill-kalendarju fl-1974). L-ewwel Ħadd ta' Jannar (meta mhux l-ewwel tas-sena) imbagħad huwa l-festa tal-Epifanija u t-tieni Ħadd dik tal-Magħmudija ta’ Ġesù. L-età maġġuri fil-[[Ġappun]] hi t-tieni Tnejn ta' Jannar, għal dawk li jkunu jagħlqu l-20 sena fis-sena l-ġdida tal-kalendarju. Din hi vaganza nazzjonali. Il-ġurnata kienet iċċelebrata mill-[[1948]], imma tmexxiet għall-[[15 ta' Jannar]] mis-sena [[1999]], fejn kienet tmexxiet mill-gvern Ġappuniż f'attenat biex ikabbar l-ekonomija. Fir-[[rota tas-sena]] [[Paganiżmu|Pagana]], Jannar jispiċċa fil-perjodu ta' l-[[Imbolc]] fl-emisferu tat-tramuntana u [[Lughnasadh]] fl-emisferu ta' nofsinhar. == Tradizzjonijiet Maltin marbuta ma' Jannar == Jannar tista’ tgħid huwa l-eqqel tax-xitwa Maltija bil-ġranet fost l-iqsar u l-iljieli l-itwal, u spiss ikun il-maltemp (''f’Jannar stenna xita, ksieħ u nar'' (beraq)) u ksieħ (''il-bard ta’ Jannar iqaxxar ġild ta’ ħmar''). U mhux biss Jannar imma anke x-xahar ta’ warajh (''Jannar kiefer u Frar għandu d-dwiefer''). Għalhekk aħjar li ''F’Jannar agħlaq in-nagħaġ fil-għar''. Ix-xita ta’ Jannar hija tajba: ''Ix-xita ta’ Jannar traxxix il-bżar'' (demel). Madanakollu xita żejda hija ta’ ħsara (''Meta Jannar huwa lewwiemi, ma tarax bidwi hieni''). Jannar huwa wkoll żmien il-mard, l-iktar dak respiratorju jew virali (''Dehxa ta’ Jannar (ħosba) fawra (rash) lewn in-nar'') li l-iktar li jolqot huwa lix-xjuħ (''f’Jannar ix-xiħ jew fis-sodda jew fl-isptar''). Għall-qtates imma huwa żmien ta’ attività oħra (''Jannar ma jħallix qattusa d-dar''). == Avvenimenti f'Jannar == {{commons|Category:January}} * L-[[Strina|Istrina]] – [[1 ta' Jannar]] * [[Seijin shiki]] (成人の日 Seijin no hi) fil-[[Ġappun]] – fit-tieni [[Tnejn (ġurnata)|Tnejn]] * [[Martin Luther King Day|Jum Martin Luther King]] fl-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]] – fit-tielet [[Tnejn (ġurnata)|Tnejn]] * [[Australia Day|Jum l-Awstralja]] – [[26 ta' Jannar]] * [[Festa tar-Repubblika]] – [[26 ta' Jannar]] * [[Auckland Anniversary]] f'[[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]] – it-Tnejn qrib id-[[29 ta' Jannar]] [[Kategorija:Jannar| 01]] 29lh7zclxzvndtcv8cw0ri25wbzrfwm 0 8415 332125 258183 2026-09-18T20:13:53Z Trigcly 17859 332125 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} L-'''1 ta' Jannar''' huwa l-ewwel jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]; ikun għad fadal 364 ġurnata oħra għal tmiem is-sena (365 fi [[sena biżestili|snin biżestili]]). Il-ġurnata preċedenti tkun il-[[31 ta' Diċembru]] tas-sena ta' qabel. Matul il-[[Medjuevu|Medju Evu]] taħt l-influwenza tal-Knisja [[Kristjaneżmu|Kristjana]], diversi pajjiżi mexxew il-bidu tas-sena għal waħda minn numru ta' avvenimenti Kristjani importanti — il-25 ta' Diċembru (it-Twelid ta' Ġesù jew il-[[Milied]]), l-1 ta' Marzu, il-25 ta' Marzu (l-[[Assunzjoni]]), jew anke l-[[Għid]]. Pajjiżi tal-Punent tal-Ewropa (ħafna minnhom b'popolazzjoni li kellhom fedeltà lejn il-Knisja Ortodossa) bdew is-sena numerata tagħhom fl-1 ta' Settembru minn madwar id-988. == Ġrajjiet == * [[45 q.K.]] – Il-[[kalendarju Ġuljan]] beda jintuża għall-ewwel darba. * [[153 q.K.]] – Il-[[konslu|konsli Rumani]] bdew is-sena tagħhom fl-uffiċċju. * [[404]] – Saret l-aħħar kompetizzjoni bejn il-[[gladjaturi]] f'[[Ruma]]. * [[630]] – Il-[[Mawmettu|Profeta Mawmettu]] lesta l-armata tiegħu lejn [[Mekka]] li kisbitha b'ħafna tixrid ta' demm. * [[1001]] – Il-Gran Prinċep [[Stiefnu I tal-Ungerija]] inħatar l-ewwel Re tal-Ungerija mill-[[Papa Silvestru II]]. * [[1259]] – [[Mikiel VIII ta' Biżanju]] ġie proklamat ko-emperatur tal-[[Imperu ta' Niċea]] flimkien ma' [[Ġwanni IV ta' Niċea]]. * [[1438]] – [[Albertu II tal-Asburgu]] ġie inkurunat Re tal-[[Ungerija]]. * [[1502]] – Ġiet skoperta minn [[Amerigo Vespucci]] fejn illum hemm [[Rio de Janeiro]] * [[1515]] – Ir-[[Franġisku I ta' Franza|Re Franġisku I]] ta' [[Franza]] isir is-suċċessur tat-tron Franċiż. * [[1651]] – [[Karlu II tal-Ingilterra|Karlu II]] jiġi nkurunat Re tal-[[Skozja|Iskozja]]. * [[1673]] – Servizz regulari tal-posta beda bejn [[New York]] u [[Boston]]. * [[1700]] – Ir-[[Russja]] bdiet taddotta n-numerazzjoni oċċidentali tal-[[kalendarju Ġuljan]]. * [[1707]] – [[Ġwanni V tal-Portugall|Ġwanni V]] ġie inkurunat Re tal-[[Portugall]]. * [[1739]] – Il-[[Gżira Bouvet]] ġiet skoperta mill-esploratur [[Franza|Franċiż]] [[Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier]]. * [[1748]] – Il-[[Papa Benedittu XIV]] jippublika l-[[enċilika]] [[Inter Caetera]], dwar l-abbużi fid-divertiment tal-karnival u dwar l-interferenza mar-[[Randan]]. * [[1751]] – Il-Papa Benedittu XIV jippublika l-enċiklika [[Celebrationem magni]], dwar l-estenzjoni tal-[[Ġublew]] għad-dinja kattolika kollha. * [[1788]] – Ġiet ippublikata l-ewwel edizzjoni ta' [[The Times]]. * [[1801]] ** [[Giuseppe Piazzi]] jiskopri l-ewwel [[pjaneta nanu]], [[Ċerere]]. ** Bl-applikazzjoni tal-[[Att tal-Unjoni (1800)|Att tal-Unjoni]], ġiet kompluta l-unjoni leġislattiva tar-[[Renju Unit tal-Gran Brittanja]] u tar-[[Renju tal-Irlanda]], fejn ta l-ħajja lir-[[Renju Unit|Renju Unit tal-Gran Brittanja u l-Irlanda]]. * [[1804]] – Tmiem tad-dominju Franċiż fuq [[Ħaiti]]. * [[1806]] – Fi Franza ġie abolit il-[[kalendarju rivoluzzjonarju Franċiż]]. * [[1808]] – Fl-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]] ġiet imneħħija l-importazzjoni tal-[[skjavitù|iskjavi]]. * [[1833]] – Ir-Renju Unit tikseb is-sovranità fuq il-[[Gżejjer Falkland]]. * [[1861]] – [[Porfirio Díaz]] jikseb lil [[Mexico City]]. * [[1863]] – [[Abraham Lincoln]] jiddikjara l-[[Proklama t'Emanċipazzjoni]] (abolizzjoni tal-iskjavitù) * [[1877]] – Ir-[[Vittorja tar-Renju Unit|Reġina Vittorja]] tiġi proklamata [[Imperatriċi tal-Indja]] f'[[Delhi]]. * [[1880]] – Jibda x-xogħol fuq il-[[Kanal tal-Panamá]]. * [[1890]] – Titwieled il-[[kolonja]] [[Italja|Taljana]] tal-[[Eritrea]]. * [[1892]] – Il-[[Gżira Ellis]] bdiet taċċetta immigranti lejn l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Unit]]. * [[1893]] – Il-[[Ġappun]] jaddotta l-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]. * [[1898]] – [[New York]] bdiet iżżid aktar art mit-territorji ta' madwar, biex ikkreat il-Belt ta' New York il-Kbira. Il-belt hi ġeografikament maqsuma f'ħames distretti: [[Manhattan]], [[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], [[The Bronx]], u [[Staten Island]]. * [[1899]] – Tmiem tad-dominju [[Spanja|Spanjol]] fuq [[Kuba]]. * [[1900]] – Ġie fis-seħħ il-[[Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch]], il-kodiċi ċivili tal-[[Ġermanja]]. * [[1901]] ** In-[[Niġerja]] issir protettorat [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]]. ** Twaqqif tal-Commonwealth tal-[[Awstralja]] (Federazzjoni). * [[1912]] – Twaqqif tar-[[Repubblika taċ-Ċina]]. * [[1927]] – It-[[Turkija]] tadotta l-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]. * [[1934]] – [[Alcatraz]] isir ħabs federali. * [[1937]] – [[Anastasio Somoza García]] isir [[Presidenti tan-Nikaragwa|President tan-Nikaragwa]]. * [[1942]] – It-[[Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]]: il-kelma [[Nazzjonijiet Uniti]] tiġi wżata uffiċċjalment għall-ewwel darba biex tiddeskrivi l-patt bejn l-Alleati. * [[1943]] – Tiġi kumbattuta għall-ewwel darba l-battalja ta' [[Guadalcanal]] bejn forzi marini Amerikani u dawk Ġappuniżi. * [[1948]] – Il-[[Kostituzzjoni tal-Italja]] ġiet fis-seħħ. * [[1956]] – Ir-[[Sudan|Repubblika tas-Sudan]] tikseb l-indipendenza mir-[[Eġittu|Repubblika Eġizzjana]] u mir-[[Renju Unit|Renju Unit tal-Gran Brittanja u l-Irlanda ta' Fuq]]. * [[1958]] – Twaqqif tal-[[Komunità Ewropeja]]. * [[1959]] – [[Fulgencio Batista]], president tal-[[Kuba]], kien imneħħi minn postu mill-forzi ta' [[Fidel Castro]] matul ir-[[Rivoluzzjoni Kubana]]. * [[1960]] – Il-[[Kamerun]] jikseb l-indipendenza. * [[1962]] – [[Samoa tal-Punent]] tikseb l-indipendenza minn [[New Zealand]]. * [[1964]] – Il-[[Federazzjoni ta' Rodesja u Nyasaland]] ġiet maqsuma fir-repubbliki indipendenti taż-[[Żambja]] u l-[[Malawi]], u [[Rodesja]] (taħt il-kontroll [[Renju Unit|Brittaniku]]). * [[1969]] – [[Marien Ngouabi]] isir president tar-[[Repubblika tal-Kongo]] * [[1971]] – Il-[[pubbliċità]] tas-[[sigarett]]i ma kinitx permess fuq it-[[televiżjoni]] [[Stati Uniti|Amerikana]]. * [[1973]] – Id-[[Danimarka]], ir-[[Renju Unit|Renju Unit tal-Gran Brittanja u l-Irlanda ta' Fuq]], u r-[[Repubblika tal-Irlanda]] huma ammessi fil-[[Komunità Ewropeja]]. * [[1979]] – L-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]] u r-[[Repubblika Popolari Ċiniża]] jistabbilixxu relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi formali. * [[1980]] – Invażjoni Sovjetika fuq l-[[Afganistan]]. * [[1981]] – Il-[[Greċja]] ssir membru tal-[[Komunità Ewropeja]]. * [[1983]] – L-[[ARPANET]] tgħaddi uffiċċjalment għall-użu tal-[[Internet Protocol]], biex ġie ikkreat l-[[Internet]]. * [[1984]] ** Il-[[Brunej]] isir stat indipendeti. ** L-[[AT&T]] tinqasam fi 22 kumpanja indipendenti. * [[1986]] ** [[Spanja]] u l-[[Portugall]] isiru stati membri tal-[[Komunità Ewropeja]]. ** L-[[Aruba]] issir indipendenti minn [[Curaçao]]. * [[1987]] – Il-kapitali ta' [[Nunavut]] titbiddel minn Frobisher Bay għal [[Iqaluit]]. * [[1992]] – [[George H. W. Bush]] isir l-ewwel [[Presidenti tal-Istati Uniti|President tal-Istati Uniti]] li jitkellem fil-[[Parlament Awstraljan]]. * [[1993]] ** Iċ-[[Ċekoslovakkja]] tinqasam u minnha joħorġu l-[[Slovakkja|Islovakkja]] u r-[[Repubblika Ċeka]]. ** Jiġi introdott suq wieħed fi ħdan il-[[Komunità Ewropeja]]. * [[1994]] – Jidħol fis-seħħ in-[[North American Free Trade Agreement|NAFTA]] bejn l-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]], il-[[Kanada]] u l-[[Messiku]]. * [[1995]] ** Tiġi fis-seħħ il-[[World Trade Organization]]. ** L-[[Awstrija]], il-[[Finlandja]] u l-[[Żvezja|Iżvezja]] jsiru stati membri tal-[[Unjoni Ewropea]]. * [[1996]] – [[Curaçao]] tikseb is-''self government'' limitat. * [[1998]] – In-[[nar]] ikun projbit minn kull ristorant tal-[[California]]. * [[1999]] – Tiġi introdotta l-munita [[ewro]] * [[2002]] ** L-Ewro issir il-munita uffiċċjali ta' tnax-il pajjiż tal-[[Unjoni Ewropea]]. ** [[Pluto]] tiġi ddikjarata li mhix pjaneta. * [[2003]] – [[Luiz Inácio da Silva]], magħruf aktar bħala ''Lula'', isir President tal-[[Brażil]]. * [[2004]] – [[Pervez Musharraf]] jikseb il-fiduċja tal-Parlament u tal-assembeji provinċjali tal-Pakistan, biex ikompli bħala [[Presidenti tal-Pakistan|President tal-Pakistan]]. * [[2007]] ** Ir-[[Rumanija]] u l-[[Bulgarija]] jidħlu parti tal-[[Unjoni Ewropea]] ** Is-[[Slovenja]] tadotta l-[[Ewro]]. ** [[Ban Ki-Moon]] jissostitwixxi lil [[Kofi Annan]] bħala [[Segretarju Ġenerali tan-Nazzjonijiet Uniti]]. * [[2008]] – [[Malta]] u [[Ċipru]] jadottaw l-munita [[Ewro]]. * [[2009]] – 66 ruħ imutu wara nirien f'diskoteka f'[[Bangkok]], it-[[Tajlandja]]. * [[2010]] – Karozza b'bomba suwiċida tisplodi f'tornew tal-volibol f'Lakki Marwat, il-Pakistan, fejn qatlet 105 ruħ u weġġgħet 100 oħra. * [[2011]] ** L-[[Estonja]] tadotta l-munita [[Ewro]]. ** L-[[Ungerija]] assumiet il-presidenza tal-[[Unjoni Ewropea]]. ** Wara servizz fil-knisja min-naħa tal-komunità [[Knisja Kattolika Kopta|Kopta Kristjana]] f'[[Lixandra]], l-[[Eġittu]], tisplodi karozza bomba li ħalliet 21 mejta u 8 feruti. * [[2012]] – Id-[[Danimarka]] assumiet il-presidenza tal-[[Unjoni Ewropea]]. * [[2013]] – Minn tal-inqas 60 ruħ imutu u 200 oħra jindarbu f'''stampede'' wara ċelebrazzjonijiet fi [[Stade Félix Houphouët-Boigny]] f'[[Abidjan]], il-[[Kosta tal-Avorju]]. == Twelid == * [[766]] – [[Ali al-Rida]], Shia Imam († [[818]]) * [[1431]] – [[Papa Alessandru VI]] († [[1503]]) * [[1467]] – [[Siġiżmondu I tal-Polonja]], Re tal-Polonja u Duka tal-Litwanja († [[1548]]) * [[1484]] – [[Huldrych Zwingli]], kap protestant Svizzeru († [[1531]]) * [[1511]] – [[Enriku, Duka ta' Cornwall]] († [[1511]]) * [[1516]] – [[Margaret Leijonhufvud]], Reġina ta' [[Gustavu I tal-iŻvezja]] († [[1551]]) * [[1554]] – [[Ludovik ta' Württemberg]] († [[1593]]) * [[1557]] – [[Stephen Bocskay|István Bocskay]], Prinċep ta' Transilvanja († [[1606]]) * [[1600]] – [[Friedrich Spanheim]], teologu Olandiż († [[1649]]) * [[1638]] – [[Imperatur Go-Sai]] tal-Ġappun († [[1685]]) * [[1648]] – [[Elkanah Settle]], kittieb Ingliż († [[1724]]) * [[1704]] – [[Soame Jenyns]], kittieb Ingliż († [[1787]]) * [[1711]] – [[Franz Freiherr von der Trenck]], suldat Awstrijakk († [[1749]]) * [[1714]] – [[Kristijonas Donelaitis]], poeta Litwen († [[1780]]) * [[1735]] – [[Paul Revere]], patrijott Amerikan († [[1818]]) * [[1745]] – [[Anthony Wayne]], ġeneral Amerikan († [[1796]]) * [[1767]] – [[Maria Edgeworth]], rumanziera Anglo-Irlandiża († [[1849]]) * [[1774]] – [[André Marie Constant Duméril]], żoologu Franċiż († [[1860]]) * [[1779]] – [[William Clowes (Stampatur)|William Clowes]], stampatur Ingliż († [[1847]]) * [[1803]] – [[Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja]], matematiku Taljan († [[1869]]) * [[1814]] – [[Hong Xiuquan]], ribell Ċiniż († [[1864]]) * [[1819]] – [[Arthur Hugh Clough]], poeta Ingliż († [[1861]]) * [[1823]] – [[Sándor Petőfi]], poeta u rivoluzzjonarju Ungeriż († [[1849]]) * [[1833]] – [[Robert Lawson (arkitett)|Robert Lawson]], arkitett minn New Zealand († [[1902]]) * [[1834]] – [[Ludovic Halévy]], drammaturgu Franċiż († [[1908]]) * [[1848]] – [[John Goff]], avukat Irlandiż († [[1924]]) * [[1852]] – [[Eugène-Anatole Demarçay]], kimiku Franċiż († [[1904]]) * [[1863]] – [[Pierre de Coubertin]], motivatur Franċiż tal-Logħob Olimpiku († [[1937]]) * [[1864]] – [[Alfred Stieglitz]], fotografu Amerikan († [[1946]]) * 1864 – [[Qi Baishi]], pittur Ċiniż († [[1957]]) * [[1874]] – [[Gustave Whitehead]], inventur Ġermaniż († [[1927]]) * [[1878]] – [[Agner Krarup Erlang]], xjentist u inġinier Daniż († [[1929]]) * [[1881]] – [[Vajiravudh]], [[Re tat-Tajlandja]] († [[1925]]) * [[1888]] – [[John Garand]], inventur Amerikan († [[1974]]) * [[1889]] – [[Charles Bickford]], attur Amerikan († [[1967]]) * [[1890]] – [[Anton Melik]], ġeografu Ungeriż († [[1966]]) * 1894 – [[Shitsu Nakano]], l-ixjaħ persuna tal-Ġappun († [[2007]]) * 1900 – [[Xavier Cugat]], mużiċista Spanjol († [[1990]]) * [[1904]] – [[Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry]], politiku Pakistani († [[1982]]) * [[1905]] – [[Stanisław Mazur]], matematiku Pollakk († [[1981]]) * [[1909]] – [[Dana Andrews]], attur Amerikan († [[1992]]) * 1909 – [[Barry Goldwater|Barry † Goldwater]], politiku Ameriakn († [[1998]]) * [[1911]] – [[Basil Dearden]], direttur ċinematografiku Brittaniku († [[1971]]) * [[1917]] – [[Jule Gregory Charney]], meteorologu Amerikan († [[1981]]) * 1917 – [[Albert Mol]], attur Olandiż († [[2004]]) * [[1921]] – [[Ismail al-Faruqi]], filosofu Palestinjan († [[1986]]) * [[1923]] – [[Daniel Gorenstein]], matematiku Amerikan († [[1992]]) * [[1928]] – [[Ernest Tidyman]], kittieb Amerikan († [[1984]]) * [[1930]] – [[Ty Hardin]], attur Amerikan * 1930 – [[Gaafar al-Nimeiry]], President tas-Sudan 1971–85 * [[1933]] – [[Joe Orton]], kittieb Ingliż († [[1967]]) * [[1937]] – [[Adam Wiśniewski-Snerg]], awtur Pollakk († [[1995]]) * [[1939]] – [[Michèle Mercier]], attriċi Franċiża * [[1940]] – [[Frank Langella]], attur Amerikan * 1942 – [[Judy Stone]], kantant Awstraljan * [[1943]] – [[Raghunath Anant Mashelkar]], xjentist Indjan * [[1946]] – [[Carl B. Hamilton]], politiku u ekonomista Żvediż * [[1947]] – [[Jon Corzine]], politiku Amerikan * [[1948]] – [[Pavel Grachev]], ġeneral Russu * [[1949]] – [[Daniel E Gawthrop]], kompożitur Amerikan * [[1953]] – [[Greg Carmichael]], kitarrista Brittaniku * [[1954]] – [[Bob Menendez]], politiku Amerikan * [[1957]] – [[Ewa Kasprzyk]], attriċi Pollakka * 1957 – [[Evangelos Venizelos]], avukat, professur u politiku Grieg * [[1962]] – [[Sophie Thompson]], attriċi Brittanika * [[1963]] – [[Lina Kačiušytė]], għawwiema Litwena * [[1966]] – [[Anna Burke]], politikanta Amerikana * [[1968]] – [[Joey Stefano]], attur Amerikan * 1968 – [[Miki Higashino]], kompożitur Ġappuniż * [[1969]] – [[Nicolle Dickson]], attriċi Awstraljana * [[1970]] – [[Gabriel Jarret]], attur Amerikan * [[1972]] – [[Neve McIntosh]], attriċi Skoċċiża * 1972 – [[Lilian Thuram]], futboler Franċiż * [[1974]] – [[Catalina Guirado]], mudella Ingliża u personalità televiżiva * [[1977]] – [[Hasan Salihamidžić]], futboler Bożnijaku * [[1978]] – [[Vidya Balan]], attriċi Indjana * 1978 – [[Nina Bott]], attriċi Ġermaniża * [[1980]] – [[Elin Nordegren]], mudella Żvediża * [[1982]] – [[David Nalbandian]], plejer tat-tennis Arġentina * [[1983]] – [[Ali Bastian]], mudella u attriċi Ingliża * [[1987]] – [[Meryl Davis]], żeffien fuq is-silġ Amerikan == Imwiet == * [[138]] – [[Lucius Aelius Caesar]], politiku Ruman (t. [[101]]) * [[379]] – San [[Bażilju l-Kbir]], isqof Grieg (t. [[330]]) * [[533]] – [[San Fulġenzju ta' Ruspe]], isqof Latin * [[898]] – [[Odo, Konti ta' Pariġi]] (t. [[860]]) * [[1031]] – [[Guljelmu ta' Volpiano]], patri Taljan (t. [[962]]) * [[1387]] – Re [[Karlu II ta' Navarra]], sovran Franċiż (t. [[1332]]) * [[1515]] – Re [[Ludoviku XII ta' Franza]] (t. [[1462]]) == Festi u rikorrenzi == === Nazzjonali === * [[Kuba]] – [[Festa tal-Liberazzjoni]] * [[Sudan]] – Festa tal-Indipendenza * [[Ħaiti]] – Festa tal-Indipendenza * [[Tajwan]] – Fundazzjoni tar-[[Repubblika taċ-Ċina]] * [[Slovakkja]] – Fundazzjoni tar-Repubblika Slovakka. === Reliġjużi === [[Kristjaneżmu]]: * [[San Fulġenzju ta' Ruspe]], isqof * [[San Ġużepp Tomasi]], kardinal * [[Guljelmu ta' Volpiano]], abbati * [[San Odilone ta' Cluny]], abbati * [[San Vinċenz Marijastrambi]], isqof * [[Santa Zedislava ta' Lemberk]], fundatriċi ta' kunvent [[Reliġjon Rumana]] antika u moderna: * [[Kalendarju Ruman]] == Ħoloq esterni == * {{en}} [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/1 BBC: On This Day] [[Kategorija:Jannar|01]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] {{Xhur tas-sena}} gent4ce5klze024q4s0nnahbygff4ls 0 14966 332124 258181 2026-09-18T20:11:53Z Trigcly 17859 332124 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''2 ta' Jannar''' hi t-tieni ġurnata tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]. Ikun għad baqa' 363 ġurnata għal tmiem is-sena (364 fi [[sena biżestili|snin biżestili]]). == Ġrajjiet == * [[366]] – L-[[Alemanni]] qasmu x-xmara friżata tar-Renu u nvadew lill-[[Imperu Ruman]] * [[533]] – Merkurju sar [[Papa Ġwanni II]], l-ewwel papa li adotta isem ġdid meta tela' f'din il-kariga * [[1492]] – [[Reconquista]]: l-[[emirat tal-Granada]], l-aħħar "blata" tal-[[Mori]] fi [[Spanja]], ċediet * [[1777]] – [[Gwerra tal-Indipendenza Amerikana]]: Il-forzi Amerikani taħt il-kmand ta' [[George Washington]] reġġgħu lura attakk [[Renju tal-Gran Brittanja|Brittaniku]] fil-Battalja ta' Assunpink Creek qrib [[Trenton (New Jersey)|Trenton]], fi [[New Jersey]] * [[1788]] – Il-[[Ġeorġja (stat Amerikan)|Ġeorġja]] sar r-raba' stat li rratifika l-[[Kostituzzjoni tal-Istati Uniti|Kostituzzjoni]] tal-[[Stati Uniti tal-Amerika|Istati Uniti]] * [[1791]] – Il-[[massakru ta' Big Bottom]] f'[[Ohio Country]] immarka l-bidu tal-[[Gwerra indiġena tal-Majjistral]] * [[1793]] – Ir-[[Russja]], il-[[Prussja]] u l-[[Awstrija]] qasmu bejniethom il-[[Polonja]] * [[1839]] – Ittieħed l-ewwel ritratt tal-[[qamar]] minn [[Louis Daguerre]]. * [[1860]] – L-astronomu Franċiż [[Urbain Le Verrier]] espona lill-[[Akkademja tax-Xjenza Franċiża]] t-teorija tiegħu tal-eżistenza tal-pjaneta [[Vulkan (astronomija)|Vulkan]]. * [[1871]] – [[Amadeo ta' Spanja|Amadeo I]] sar Re ta' Spanja * [[1872]] – [[Brigham Young]] ġie arrestat minħabba [[poligamija]] (25 mara) * [[1900]] – [[John Hay]] ħabbar il-[[politika tal-bieb miftuħ]] sabiex jippromwovi l-kummerċ maċ-Ċina * [[1905]] – [[Gwerra Russo-Ġappuniża]]: Il-gwarniġjon Russu ċeda f'[[Lüshunkou|Port Arthur]], iċ-Ċina * [[1935]] – [[Bruno Hauptmann]] tressaq il-qorti bl-akkuża ta' ħtif u qtil tat-tifel ta' [[Charles Lindbergh]]. * [[1941]] – [[It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]]: L-ibbumbardjar qalil tal-[[Ġermanja|Ġermaniżi]] kkawża ħsarat kbar fil-[[Katidral ta' Llandaff]] f'[[Cardiff]], ġewwa [[Wales]] * [[1942]] – L-[[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] irnexxielha tikxef organizzazzjoni ta' spjunaġġ li kienu qed jaħdmu għall-Ġermanja * 1942 – It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija: [[Manila]] ġiet maqbuda mill-forzi [[Ġappun]]iżi * [[1945]] – It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija: [[Nuremberga]] ġiet ibbumardjata bil-kbir mill-forzi tal-[[Alleati tat-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija|Alleati]] * [[1949]] – [[Luis Muñoz Marín]] sar l-ewwel Gvernatur ta' [[Porto Riko]] elett b'mod demokratiku * [[1955]] – Il-President tal-Panama [[José Antonio Remon]] ġie maqtul * [[1959]] – [[Luna 1]], l-ewwel vettura spazjali li qarbet lejn il-Qamar u li daret madwar ix-Xemx, ġiet varata mill-[[Unjoni Sovjetika]] * 1959 – [[Che Guevara]] inħatar bħala kmandant tal-ħabs ta' La Cabaña * [[1971]] – 66 partitarju mietu fir-rassa waqt logħba tal-futbol bejn [[Rangers FC|Rangers]] u [[Celtic FC|Celtic]] * [[1974]] – Il-President [[Richard Nixon]] iffirma abbozz li naqqas il-veloċità massima fl-Istati Uniti għal 55 [[mil]] fis-siegħa sabiex jiġi konservat il-[[gażolina]] waqt interdett tal-[[Organizzazzjoni tal-Pajjiżi Esporataturi tal-Pitrolju|OPEC]] * [[1993]] – Il-kapijiet tat-tliet fazzjonijiet fi gwerra fil-[[Bożnija]] ltaqgħu ma' xulxin sabiex jiddiskutu l-pjanijiet għall-paċi * [[2001]] – [[Sila Calderón]] saret l-ewwel Gvernatur mara ta' Porto Riko * [[2006]] – Splużjoni f'min f'Sago, [[Virginia tal-Punent]] ħalliet 12-il minatur mejjet, u ieħor f'kundizzjonijiet kritiċi == Twelid == [[Kategorija:Jannar|02]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] {{Xhur tas-sena}} 6yf50yqy7ly2idqfhk525tday7ogve2 0 21630 332123 290824 2026-09-18T19:31:38Z Ziv 24637 ([[c:GR|GR]]) [[File:CABJ70.png]] → [[File:Club Atlético Boca Juniors logo (70 stars).png]] [[c:COM:FR#FR2|Criterion 2]] · More precise and not just a meaningless name 332123 wikitext text/x-wiki {{stub|Ġeografija}} {{Infobox city}} [[File:Montaje de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.png|thumb|Assemblea tal-Belt ta' Buenos Aires]] [[File:Logotipo de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.svg|thumb|Logo tal-Belt ta' Buenos Aires]] '''Buenos Aires''' hija l-[[belt kapitali]] tal-[[Arġentina]]. Buenos Aires hija l-belt kapitali u l-aktar popolata tar-Repubblika Arġentina. L-ismijiet uffiċjali tagħha huma Belt ta' Buenos Aires jew Belt Awtonoma ta' Buenos Aires (CABA). Tissejjaħ ukoll il-Kapitali Federali, għax hija s-sede tal-gvern nazzjonali.11 Huwa wieħed mill-24 distrett, jew “l-ewwel ordni. ġurisdizzjonijiet" 12​ li jiffurmaw il-pajjiż. Mill-1996 hija belt awtonoma; għandha s-setgħat eżekuttivi, leġiżlattivi u ġudizzjarji tagħha stess. Hija tinsab fir-reġjun ċentrali-lvant tal-pajjiż, fuq ix-xatt tan-nofsinhar tar-Río de la Plata, fir-reġjun tal-Pampas. Il-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires ġiet ċeduta fl-1880 mill-Provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires biex tkun il-kapitali federali tal-pajjiż; Mill-2020, hija meqjusa bħala l-“kapital ewlieni”, flimkien ma’ 24 kapital alternattiv.13 Taħt ir-riforma kostituzzjonali tal-1994, tgawdi minn reġim awtonomu. Id-drapp urban tiegħu jixbah fann li jillimita fin-nofsinhar, fil-punent u fit-tramuntana mal-provinċja ġirien ta 'Buenos Aires u lejn il-lvant mar-Río de la Plata. Uffiċjalment il-belt hija maqsuma fi 15-il komun li jiġbru 48 distrett. Skont iċ-Ċensiment tal-2022, il-popolazzjoni tal-belt hija ta’ 3,120,612 abitant.Tal iżid popolazzjoni ta’ 13,395,796 abitant. Buenos Aires hija belt kożmopolitana u destinazzjoni turistika importanti. L-infrastruttura kumplessa tagħha tagħmilha waħda mill-aktar metropoli importanti fl-Amerika u hija belt globali ta’ kategorija alfa,​ minħabba l-influwenzi tagħha fil-kummerċ, il-finanzi, moda, arti, gastronomija, edukazzjoni, divertiment u prinċipalment fil-kultura mmarkata tagħha.​ Skont studju dwar il-kwalità tal-ħajja (2019) minn Mercer Human Resource Consulting, il-belt tinsab fil-pożizzjoni 91 madwar id-dinja u t-tieni tal-Amerika Latina wara Montevideo. Id-dħul per capita tiegħu huwa wieħed mill-ogħla fir-reġjun.2021 Hija meqjusa bħala waħda mill-25 belt l-aktar influwenti fid-dinja. Il-profil urban tiegħu huwa notevolment eklettiku. L-istili kolonjali Spanjoli, art deco, art nouveau, neo-Gotiku, Taljanat, Bourbon Franċiż u akkademiċi Franċiżi huma mħallta. Minħabba dan tal-aħħar, miżjud mal-iżvilupp tal-bini tiegħu u influwenza Ewropea mmarkata fl-arkitettura tiegħu f’ċerti żoni, huwa magħruf fid-dinja bil-laqam “Il-Pariġi tal-Amerika”. ==Ismijiet tal-postijiet/Place name/Toponimia== [[File:Catedral Metropolitana de Buenos Aires - 20130309 145928.jpg|thumb|Xbieha tal-Madonna tal-Arja Tajba fil-katidral metropolitan ta’ Buenos Aires, dedikazzjoni li minnha ħadet isimha l-belt.]] Fl-hekk imsejħa l-ewwel fondazzjoni, Pedro de Mendoza sejjaħ il-post Real de Nuestra Señora Santa María del Buen Ayre, biex iwettaq il-wegħda li għamel lill-Patruna tan-Navigaturi, li kienet fil-Fratellanza tal-Isturdament ta’ Triana u li tagħha kien membru. Tabilħaqq, “Buen Ayre”, l-ispaniċizzar tal-isem tal-Verġni ta’ Bonaria, jiġifieri, tal-Verġni tal-Candelaria, li lilha l-missirijiet Merċedarji kienu bnew santwarju għall-baħrin f’Cagliari, Sardinja, u li kienet ukoll meqjuma mill- baħrin ta’ Cádiz, Spanja. Mendoza. Madankollu, ma sabx belt, imma insedjament (reali fit-terminoloġija ta’ dak iż-żmien), qrib raħal Querandí, li ma kienx ikkunsidrat bħala tali mill-Ewropej, li jfornuhom bl-ikel għal ġimgħatejn. Ostilitajiet sussegwenti impedixxew il-fondazzjoni ta’ popolazzjoni skond il-liġijiet ta’ Kastilja, għalhekk it-twaqqif tal-belt ta’ Buenos Aires tmur lura għal Juan de Garay fl-1580, li sejħilha Ciudad de la Trinidad, isem uffiċjali, iżda kważi qatt ma jintlibes, ta’ il-belt sal-1996. Ir-raġuni għall-isem ma tidher fl-ebda dokumentazzjoni; Ġie spekulat għaliex Trinidad hija l-eqreb festa reliġjuża jew minħabba l-ġurnata li fiha waslu l-kolonizzaturi fil-post, il-port, min-naħa tiegħu, żamm l-isem li bih kien diġà magħruf dak iż-żmien, fil-forma ta’ Puerto. ta’ Santa María de los Buenos Ayres. Sal-1996 ma kien hemm l-ebda dispożizzjoni uffiċjali biex jinbidel isimha; madankollu, l-injoranza tal-fatti u l-memorja tal-espedizzjoni traġika ta’ Pedro de Mendoza għamlu użu tal-isem ta’ Buenos Aires għall-ġenerali tal-belt. Għal ħafna snin l-isem ġie attribwit lil Sancho del Campo, li mingħandu Ruy Díaz de Guzmán fix-xogħol tiegħu La Argentina manuscrita ġabar il-frażi: “X’arja tajba huma dawk ta’ din il-ħamrija!”, li kien ippronunzja meta jinżel. Madankollu, fl-1892, Eduardo Madero, wara li għamel investigazzjonijiet eżawrjenti fl-arkivji Spanjoli, kien jispiċċa jikkonkludi li l-isem kien marbut mill-qrib mad-devozzjoni tal-baħrin Seviljani lejn il-Madonna ta’ Buenos Aires. L-awtur Pastor S. Obligado attribwixxa l-ġieħ lill-Verġni tal-Arja Tajba lil Leonardo Gribeo, squire ta’ Mendoza. Fl-Arġentina ġeneralment jirreferu għaliha b'ismijiet differenti. L-isem tal-Kapitali Federali kien wieħed mill-aktar użati —speċjalment biex jiddifferenzjah mill-provinċja omonima—, li jirreferi għall-istatus ta’ distrett indipendenti li kisbet bil-liġi ta’ federalizzazzjoni ppromulgata minn Julio Argentino Roca. Ħafna drabi tintuża wkoll l-espressjoni "Belt ta' Buenos Aires", jew sempliċiment "Buenos Aires", għalkemm din tal-aħħar hija konfuża mal-provinċja ġirien, li tagħha kienet il-kapitali tagħha sal-1880, is-sena li fiha ġiet federalizzata. "Belt ta' Buenos Aires" u "Belt Awtonoma ta' Buenos Aires" huma ż-żewġ ismijiet mogħtija lilha uffiċjalment mill-Kostituzzjoni tal-belt sanzjonata fl-1996. Huwa għalhekk li l-abbrevjazzjoni "CABA" tintuża wkoll ħafna drabi biex issemmiha. B'mod informali normalment jissejjaħ Baires, qasir għall-forma oriġinali, komuni fil-belt iżda ftit użat fl-intern tal-pajjiż. Figurattivament, għandha bosta ismijiet, bħal Pariġi tan-Nofsinhar, minħabba s-sbuħija arkitettonika tagħha u l-karattru kulturali tagħha; jew il-Kap ta’ Goliat, skont esej ta’ Ezequiel Martínez Estrada, li jalludi għad-daqs tiegħu u l-influwenza sproporzjonata tiegħu fuq il-bqija tal-pajjiż; jew ir-Reġina tal-Fidda, kif isejħuha Manuel Jovés u Manuel Romero f’tango famuż, filwaqt li jieħdu metafora li Esteban Echeverría kien diġà uża fil-poeżija tiegħu Avellaneda; ==Ġeografija/Geography/Geografía== ===Post/Ubication/Ubicación=== Il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires tinsab fl-Amerika t’Isfel, f’34° 36’ latitudni tan-nofsinhar u 58° 26’ lonġitudni tal-punent, fuq ix-xtut tar-Río de la Plata. Quddiem il-kosti tagħha hemm, diġà fl-Urugwaj, Colonia del Sacramento, u aktar 'il bogħod, Montevideo, il-kapitali ta' dak il-pajjiż, 220 km bogħod (25 min bl-ajruplan jew 2 h 30 bid-dgħajsa). F'1065 km (1 h 50 bl-ajruplan) hemm Asunción, il-kapitali tal-Paragwaj; 1,139 km bogħod (sagħtejn bl-ajruplan), Santiago, il-kapitali taċ-Ċilì; u ftit aktar ‘il bogħod, f’1,719 km (3 sigħat bl-ajruplan), hemm São Paulo (il-Brażil), il-metropoli kbira l-oħra tal-Amerika t’Isfel. ===Post/Ubication/Ubicación=== ===Konfini/Limits/Límites=== [[File:NASA ISS006-E-24987.jpg|thumb|Immaġini bis-satellita bil-lejl ta' Greater Buenos Aires.]] Ir-Río de la Plata (fil-lvant u t-tramuntana) u r-Río Matanza-Riachuelo (fin-nofsinhar) huma l-limiti naturali tal-Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires. Il-bqija tal-perimetru huwa mdawwar mill-kollettur estern ta 'Avenida General Paz,32 li hija awtostrada twila 24 km li ddawwar il-belt mit-tramuntana għall-punent sakemm tiltaqa' max-Xmara Matanza-Riachuelo fin-nofsinhar. Għandu jiġi mfakkar li lejn il-Lvant il-limitu huwa l-ilmijiet tax-xmara msemmija qabel, ħlief għall-kompartimenti tal-bini tal-Port ta 'Buenos Aires, li huma taħt l-amministrazzjoni tal-Istat Nazzjonali. Dawn il-binjiet huma mifruxa, lejn il-Lvant tal-Belt f'linja immaġinarja li tinstab minn: Avenida Presidente Ramón S. Castillo, Corbeta Uruguay u Avenida Antártida Argentina u Avenida Lanchas sal-Río de la Plata; imbagħad jerġa' jieħu l-limitu fuq il-linja ffurmata minn Avenida España, Avenida Rawson de Dellepiane u Dr. Arturo Balbín Highway, u tilħaq ir-Riachuelo. Din il-linja deskritta tiddemarka limitu lejn il-Lvant, bejn il-ġurisdizzjoni li tappartjeni lill-CABA u spazju taħt il-ġurisdizzjoni tal-Istat Nazzjonali, li huwa ffurmat mill-bini msemmi hawn fuq tal-Port ta’ Buenos Aires (m’għandux jiġi konfuż ma’ Puerto Madero). Hemm medda żgħira ta 'mhux aktar minn 2 km, bejn Avenida Intendente Cantilo u Río de la Plata, fejn il-fruntiera mal-Provinċja ta' Buenos Aires hija parzjalment il-linja immaġinarja tal-estensjoni ta 'Av. General Paz u medda oħra n-nixxiegħa Raggio. ; Dan is-settur jikkorrispondi mal-limitu bejn il-Parque de los Niños u l-Paseo de la Costa. Dan għaliex l-awtostrada msejħa Avenida General Paz ma tispiċċax mal-kosta tax-xmara iżda f’Av. Intendente Cantilo. Din l-avenue malajr tgħaqqad il-belt mal-bqija ta’ Greater Buenos Aires, strixxa b’konċentrazzjoni għolja ta’ abitanti u attività kummerċjali u industrijali qawwija. Barra minn hekk, fil-Komun 4 hemm meander tar-Riachuelo, imsejjaħ Meandro de Brian, fejn il-limitu mal-Provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires isir il-projezzjoni tar-rettifika pendenti tal-kanal, sabiex fiż-żona fejn ix-xmara tmiss mal-meander, iż-żewġ banek (inkluż il-meander innifsu) huma parti mill-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Ħlief għal-limitu tal-Lvant tagħha max-xmara La Plata, il-limiti indikati l-oħra kollha tal-belt jifirdu l-ġurisdizzjoni tagħha minn dawk li jikkorrispondu għall-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires. Majjistral: San Martín, Tramuntana: Vicente López u Río de la Plata, Grigal: Río de la Plata Punent: Tres de Febrero, Dan: Lbiċ: La Matanza, Nofsinhar: Lomas de Zamora, Xlokk: Lanús u Avellaneda ===Idrografija/Hydrography/Hidrografía=== [[File:Rio de la Plata BA 2.JPG|thumb|Immaġini bis-satellita tar-Río de la Plata. Innota Greater Buenos Aires fuq in-naħa tal-lemin -kważi fil-bidu tal-estwarju Río de la Plata- u mbagħad Montevideo, fir-Repubblika Orjentali tal-Urugwaj fuq in-naħa tax-xellug -Montevideo jidher qrib il-bokka tal-estwarju Río de la Plata , hemm fejn l-ilmijiet ma jibqgħux kannella u jsiru blu-.]] Ir-reġjun qabel kien imtaqqab bil-laguni u qasmu minn nixxigħat, li wħud minnhom kienu mimlija u oħrajn bil-pajpijiet. Fost in-nixxiegħat importanti hemm it-Terceros (min-Nofsinhar jew minn Granados, min-nofs jew minn Matorras u mit-Tramuntana jew minn Manso), Maldonado, Vega, Medrano, Cildáñez u White. Fl-1908 ħafna nixxigħat ġew inkanalati u rettifikati, peress li l-għargħar ikkawża ħsara lill-infrastruttura tal-belt. Ġew kanalizzati iżda baqgħu fis-sema miftuħ, u nbnew diversi pontijiet biex jaqsmuhom. Fl-aħħar, fl-1919, ġie rranġat it-twassil magħluq tiegħu, iżda x-xogħlijiet bdew biss fl-1927, u spiċċaw xi wħud fl-1938 u oħrajn, bħal Maldonado, fl-1954. ===Eżenzjoni/Relief/Relieve=== [[File:Mojonba21.jpg|thumb|Landmark li tinsab fuq il-kollettur tat-tramuntana ta 'General Paz Avenue, tindika l-limitu bejn il-Belt ta' Buenos Aires u l-provinċja omonima; wieħed jista’ jara li dan it-tragward jinsab fuq il-linja tal-bini, u għalhekk jista’ jiġi dedott li l-Ġeneral Paz kollu jappartjeni għall-ġurisdizzjoni tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires.]] Il-belt tinsab kważi kollha kemm hi fir-reġjun ġeoloġikament Pampean, iż-żoni tal-Lvant biss —fejn Puerto Madero, ir-Riżerva Ekoloġika ta’ Buenos Aires, l-Aeroparque, il-Belt Sportiva ta’ Boca Juniors, fost żoni oħra— jinsabu fuq art ħarġet artifiċjalment billi timla l- il-kosti tar-Río de La Plata. Il-limitu oriġinali tal-kosta max-xmara kien mogħti minn sensiela ta’ ravini (inkluż il-Barrancas de Belgrano) li ħarġu mill-varjazzjonijiet fil-livell tal-baħar (u l-estwarju tal-Plata) eluf ta’ snin ilu. Tali limitu antik jikkorrispondi għal bejn wieħed u ieħor għal it-toroq li ġejjin: Paseo Colón, Leandro N. Alem, u del Libertador. Il-ġungla marġinali li tibqa’ fuq ħafna xtut tax-Xmara Paraná fit-tramuntana u fin-nofsinhar ta’ Buenos Aires, m’għadhiex teżisti. Il-baċin tan-nixxiegħa kien ikkaratterizzat mill-eżistenza ta’ żoni aktar batuti minn oħrajn, magħrufa bħala “widien tal-għargħar”. B'dan il-mod, it-territorju kellu ondulazzjonijiet ġentili interrotti min-nofsinhar, qabel il-wied ta 'għargħar wiesa' li jikkorrispondi għar-Riachuelo, parti kbira taż-żoni suxxettibbli għall-għargħar irċevew l-isem ta 'Bañados de Pereyra sal-bidu tas-seklu 20. L-ogħla żona tal-belt awtonoma tinsab fil-viċinat ta 'Villa Devoto. L-eżistenza ta’ sensiela ta’ ravines kostali pjuttost f’daqqa hija spjegata mill-varjazzjonijiet fil-livell tal-baħar (u l-estwarju tal-Plata) eluf ta’ snin ilu. Minkejja li l-biċċa l-kbira taż-żona tal-port huma parti mir-reġjun tal-Pampas, evita li temmen li It-territorju kien ħafna. ċatt qabel l-urbanizzazzjoni, is-serje ta 'flussi implikat l-eżistenza ta' żoni aktar batuti minn oħrajn, dawn iż-żoni aktar baxxi huma magħrufa bħala "widien tal-għargħar". B'dan il-mod, it-territorju kellu ondulazzjonijiet ġentili interrotti min-nofsinhar, qabel il-wied ta 'l-għargħar wiesa' li jikkorrispondi għar-Riachuelo, il-wied ta 'l-għargħar tar-Riachuelo kien żona swampy (per eżempju: Los Bañados de Pereyra, imnixxef matul is-seklu 20). L-ogħla żona tal-belt awtonoma tinsab fil-viċinat ta 'Villa Devoto li tinsab fil-punent tal-belt. L-ogħla punt huwa l-kantuniera ta’ Av. Francisco Beiró u Chivilcoy, li tinsab fl-imsemmi lokal, ħdejn il-fruntiera ma’ Monte Castro.44 Għandu jitqies li Monte Castro jirċievi ismu minn “mount” mhux għax hemm xi inċident orografiku. hemm , iżda bit-tifsira l-oħra li l-kelma "monte" għandha fl-Arġentina: dik ta’ żona bis-siġar. Tabilħaqq, din l-ogħla żona tal-belt, qabel l-1880 kienet popolata b'mod naturali minn imsaġar. Il-viċinat famuż ta 'La Boca huwa żona mgħarrqa faċilment mill-Río de la Plata, minħabba l-altitudni baxxa tiegħu, biex jiġi evitat l-għargħar matul ix-Xlokk (buffuri ta' riħ ħafna u xita mix-Xlokk) kien meħtieġ li wieħed jirrikorri għal sistemi artifiċjali. ===Sismiċit/Seismicity/Sismicidad=== Buenos Aires tkun tinsab, milli jidher, f'reġjun ażiżmiku fit-territorju tar-Repubblika Arġentina. Ir-reġjun jirrispondi għall-"tort Punta del Este", b'sismiċità baxxa. Movimenti sismiċi żgħar biss jistgħu jiġu pperċepiti fl-ogħla sulari tal-bini ċentrali, u li l-oriġini tagħhom hija ġeneralment movimenti sismiċi li l-epiċentru tagħhom jinsab fil-punent tar-repubblika. Minħabba l-perjodu magħruf qasir ħafna (5 sekli, wara l-1500), huwa magħruf biss li t-terremot ta’ Río de la Plata tal-1888 seħħ fil-5 ta’ Ġunju 1888, fit-3:20 UTC-3, b’kobor fuq l-iskala ta’ Richter ta’ 5.5; l-epiċentru tiegħu kien fi , 30 km fond, fiċ-ċentru tal-imsemmi xmara. Miżuri anti-sismiċi qatt ma ttieħdu. Affettwa l-bliet kollha fuq il-kosta ta’ Río de la Plata, speċjalment l-ibliet ta’ Buenos Aires u Montevideo, u kkawża ħsara ħafifa. Għandu jiġi enfasizzat ukoll it-terremot li seħħ fit-30 ta’ Novembru 2018, fl-10:27 ta’ filgħodu, b’epiċentru 32 km fin-nofsinhar tal-belt u 25 km fond, b’kobor ta’ 3.8 fuq l-iskala Richter. ===Klima/Climate/Clima=== [[File:Clima Buenos Aires (Argentina).PNG|thumb|Grafika tal-klima ta' Buenos Aires.]] Il-pajjiż jinsab fl-emisferu tan-Nofsinhar, l-istaġuni fl-Arġentina huma maqluba meta mqabbla mal-emisferu tat-Tramuntana. Is-sajf tan-Nofsinhar fi Buenos Aires huwa sħun u xemxi minkejja maltempati bir-ragħad possibbli u temperaturi jvarjaw bejn 19°C u 30°C. Ix-xitwa tan-Nofsinhar hija ħafifa u umda b'temperaturi bejn 7 °C u 16 °C. Il-klima tal-belt ta’ Buenos Aires hija pampas moderata.49 Skont il-klassifikazzjoni tal-klima Köppen, Buenos Aires għandha klima subtropikali umda (Cfa). Meta wieħed iqis il-perjodu 1981-2010, normalment użat biex jinnomina l-medji klimatiċi, it-temperatura medja annwali hija 17.9 °C u l-preċipitazzjoni annwali medja hija 1236.3 mm. L-ogħla temperatura rreġistrata fi Buenos Aires kienet ta’ 43.3 °C fid-29 ta’ Jannar 1957 u l-inqas kienet -5.4 °C, irreġistrata fid-9 ta’ Lulju 1918. Matul is-seklu 20, kif ġara fil-biċċa l-kbira tal-bliet il-kbar tad-dinja minħabba li tal-urbanizzazzjoni, it-temperaturi tal-belt żdiedu kemmxejn minħabba l-gżira tas-sħana (żvilupp urban), bħalissa qed bejn 1 u 8 °C ogħla minn dik ta 'reġjuni fil-qrib inqas urbanizzati, bħall-Gran Buenos Aires. Il-prossimità tar-Río de la Plata hija wkoll fattur influwenti. Ix-xita żdiedet ukoll mill-1973, kif diġà ġara fl-emiċiklu umdu preċedenti: 1870 sal-1920. Għalkemm il-ġranet imsaħħab huma aktar frekwenti fix-xitwa, meta l-aktar ix-xita tkun fis-sajf, żmien fejn kultant jiżviluppaw maltempati qawwija ħafna, biex f’qasir żmien jaqgħu ammonti enormi ta’ ilma. Fix-xitwa, ix-xita ħafifa hija aktar komuni imma int kompli. Fi kwalunkwe każ, ma jistax jingħad li hemm staġjonalità tax-xita. Is-Sjuf huma sħan, b’medja ta’ Jannar ta’ 24.9 °C. L-umdità għolja kultant tista’ tagħmel it-temp jifga. L-umdità relattiva medja annwali hija 71.4%. Ix-xtiewi huma friski, b’temperatura medja massima f’Lulju ta’ 15 °C u temperaturi minimi li, f’okkażjonijiet eċċezzjonali, jistgħu jinżlu taħt iż-0 °C (bi ġlata f’żoni suburbani). Xitwa, min-naħa tagħha, hija pjuttost irregolari jew varjabbli. , peress li huma osservati wkoll ġranet moderati,54 u anke eċċezzjonalment sħun matul dak l-istaġun, li jagħmilha aktar ħafifa u iqsar f’termini ta’ żmien. Iċ-ċpar jistgħu jseħħu b'mod varjabbli matul is-sena, għalkemm mhumiex frekwenti wisq. Fir-rigward tal-eljofanija (it-tul ta’ xemx) hija bejn moderata u konsiderevoli, b’madwar 2,400 sa 2,500 siegħa ta’ xemx fis-sena minn total ta’ madwar 4,300 possibbli. Rigward il-kundizzjonijiet atmosferiċi, jiġu rreġistrati medja ta’ 124 jum ċar jew bla sħab fis-sena, 92 jum b’smewwiet imsaħħab u 101 jum ta’ xita, u l-bqija huma mħallta. ===Irjieħ/Winds/Vientos=== Il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires hija influwenzata minn żewġ tipi ta’ irjieħ taż-żona: il-pampero u x-Xlokk. L-ewwel ġejja mil-Lbiċ, ġeneralment tibda b’maltempata qasira li malajr tagħti lok għal arja ferm aktar kiesħa u niexfa. Għalkemm jista’ jseħħ fi kwalunkwe żmien tas-sena, iseħħ b’intensità akbar fis-sajf; huwa mistenni meta jibred wara ġranet sħan. Ix-Xlokk iseħħ prinċipalment bejn April u Ottubru. Tikkonsisti f’riħ qawwi mix-Xlokk, frisk u umdu ħafna, li jdum diversi jiem u ħafna drabi jkun akkumpanjat minn xita ta’ intensità differenti. Ir-riħ kontinwu jgħolli l-ilmijiet tar-Río de la Plata, xi drabi jikkawża għargħar fiż-żoni t’isfel tal-belt, bħall-viċinat ta’ La Boca. ===Borra/Snowfall/Nevadas=== [[File:Nieve en Buenos Aires 9 de julio de 2007.JPG|thumb|Kampjun ta 'borra f'Buenos Aires]] Il-borra fil-belt mhix frekwenti. L-aħħar borra sinifikanti seħħet fid-9 ta’ Lulju 2007. Bdiet fil-forma ta’ sleet u spiċċat tkopri parti kbira mill-belt u s-subborgi bil-borra. Fiż-żoni suburbani sar ħafna eħxen. Dan ġara b’riżultat ta’ riħ polari kbir li nfirex mat-territorju kollu tal-Arġentina. Peress li nkisbu rekords sistematiċi tal-klima, fis-sena 1870, borra konsiderevoli oħra hija magħrufa wkoll fl-1918. 53 Il-fenomeni tas-sleet seħħew ripetutament, l-aktar fiż-żona suburbana. ==Historja/History/Historia== ===Esplorazzjoni/Exploration/Exploración=== [[File:Buenos Aires shortly after its foundation 1536.png|thumb|Buenos Aires fl-ewwel fondazzjoni tagħha. Ġie abbandunat wara ħames snin fi gwerra mal-poplu indiġenu li ma awtorizzax lir-rebħiet Spanjoli biex joqgħodu fuq arthom. (1536)]] Fil-15 ta’ Jannar, 1526, Diego García de Moguer, salpa minn La Coruña, bħala kaptan ġenerali tal-flotta, fil-kmand ta’ spedizzjoni ta’ tliet vapuri, iffinanzjati minn negozjanti, biex ifittex ir-rotta tal-ħwawar, wara t-telfa ta’ Elcano. , li jgħaddi mill-Istrett ta’ Magellan. Fit-triq, fi Frar 1528, waqaf jesplora ż-żona tar-Río de la Plata, li għaliha hija attribwita l-iskoperta tiegħu. Fl-24 ta’ Awwissu, 1534, ivvjaġġa, fit-tieni spedizzjoni, fil-karavell Concepción lejn it-territorju tar-Río de la Plata, u għadda mill-gżira ta’ Santiago de Cabo Verde, imbagħad lejn il-Brażil, fejn tela’ l-estwarju tar-Río. de la Plata tax-xmajjar Urugwaj u Paraná, li sar wieħed mill-ewwel residenti tal-qagħda oriġinali ta' Santa María del Buen Aire. ===1536: L-ewwel fondazzjoni ta’ Buenos Aires=== Fit-2 ta’ Frar, 1536 (jew fit-3 ta’ Frar skont storiċi oħra), l-Ispanjol Pedro de Mendoza stabbilixxa insedjament li sejjaħ Puerto de Nuestra Señora del Buen Ayre f’reġjun abitat minn Indjani tal-Pampas magħruf bħala Querandíes. Wara ġuħ u konflitti ma’ il-Querandí, il-pożizzjoni kienet finalment abbandunata u meqruda mill-Ispanjoli nfushom fl-aħħar ta’ Ġunju 1541. ===11 ta’ Ġunju 1580: It-tieni fondazzjoni ta’ Buenos Aires=== [[File:Philip II's realms in 1598.png|thumb|L-Imperu Spanjol fiż-żmien tat-tieni fondazzjoni ta 'Buenos Aires fl-1580 u l-kunsill tiegħu, taħt ir-renju ta' Felipe II, jiddistingwi l-ambitu ta 'kull Kunsill territorjali fis-sistema polisinodjali ta' l-Imperu Spanjol Territorji marbuta mal-Kunsill ta' l-Indji.]] [[File:José Moreno Carbonero - Fundación de Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|Fondazzjoni José Moreno Carbonero ta’ Buenos Aires. It-tieni verżjoni fejn, minħabba kritika Arġentina, ġew inklużi l-fundaturi Guaraní tal-belt u Ana Díaz, l-unika mara bid-dritt ta’ residenza.]] [[File:Buenos Aires (Aldus Verthoont, ca 1628).jpg|thumb|L-ewwel veduta magħrufa ta’ Buenos Aires, miżbugħa madwar l-1628 minn Olandiż.]] [[File:El Cabildo por Emerix Vidal.jpg|thumb|Il-Cabildo de Buenos Aires kienet istituzzjoni mwaqqfa fl-1580 u li ħadmet sal-1821 meta ġiet mibdula fil-funzjonijiet tagħha mill-Bord tar-Rappreżentanti ta’ Buenos Aires.]] [[File:Iglesia San Ignacio, Buenos Aires.JPG|thumb|Knisja ta 'San Ignacio, hija l-eqdem tempju Kattoliku wieqfa fil-belt ta' Buenos Aires.]] [[File:Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg|thumb|Is-Salib tal-Burgundy huwa l-Bandiera tar-renji Spanjoli.]] It-tieni fondazzjoni ta’ Buenos Aires kienet organizzata f’Asunción, mill-avvanz ta’ Kastilja ta’ oriġini Baska62 jew Burgos Juan de Garay. F'Jannar 1580 Garay rekluta f'Asunción madwar 300 ruħ li kienu jikkostitwixxu l-popolazzjoni inizjali ta 'Buenos Aires. Ħafna minnhom, madwar mitejn ruħ, kienu familji Guarani. Magħhom ingħaqdu 65 persuna reġistrati bħala ġirien, ħafna minnhom akkumpanjati min-nisa u t-tfal tagħhom. Mill-65 resident irreġistrati bħala tali, waħda kienet mara, Ana Díaz, hija stess Guarani min-naħa ta’ ommha (nisa waħedhom jew romol ta’ aktar minn 25 sena kellhom id-dritt li jitqiesu bħala “ġirien”). Mill-kontinġent totali, għaxra biss twieldu fi Spanja.63 Asunción ipprovdiet baqar, pjanti, għalf u injam għall-insedjament il-ġdid. Fl-aħħar ta 'Frar 18 suldati ħarġu mill-art mergħa truppi ta' żwiemel u baqar. F'nofs Marzu, il-biċċa l-kbira tal-kontinġent salpaw, ibaħħru fix-Xmara Paragwaj/Paraná. Il-maġġoranza vvjaġġaw bil-kenuri imħaddma mill-Guarani. Il-kumplament imbarkaw fuq il-karavell “San Cristóbal de Buena Ventura”, mibni fil-Paragwaj -li mbagħad kellu jkompli l-vjaġġ tiegħu lejn Spanja- u żewġ brigantini. Wara li niżel f’Santa Fe, imwaqqfa qabel u fejn Garay kellu l-familja tiegħu, il-vjaġġ reġa’ beda fl-aħħar ta’ Mejju. Fid-29 ta’ dan ix-xahar, l-iskwadra ankrat fir-Riachuelo fil-post fejn kien il-forti ta’ Mendoza meqrud. Tqieset inadegwata għall-popolazzjoni u nfittex post aħjar. Fl-aħħar il-post kien jinsab, skont il-kronaki, nofs kampjonat lejn it-tramuntana, f’post għoli. Hemmhekk, is-Sibt, 11 ta’ Ġunju 1580, teknikament saret il-fondazzjoni tal-belt, li ngħatat l-isem ta’ Ciudad de la Trinidad, fil-Port ta’ Santa María de los Buenos Aires – peress li sa dak iż-żmien lanqas il-belt tal- querandíes meqruda mill-lansquenettes u lanqas il-forti u l-port ta 'Pedro de Mendoza kienu jirrappreżentaw belt skond il-kunċett u n-normi Spanjoli ta' dak iż-żmien. Skont l-ordinanzi u l-liġijiet tal-Indi, iċ-ċerimonja bdiet filgħodu fil-futur Plaza Mayor, illum Plaza de Mayo, meta Garay kellu salib imħawla fuq is-sit maħsub għall-knisja. Minnufih ġie kkostitwit l-ewwel Cabildo u twaqqaf ir-Roll tal-ġustizzja fiċ-ċentru tal-Plaza. Fl-aħħarnett, Garay ħa pussess tat-territorju, ħa s-sejf tiegħu, qatgħa ftit xfafar tal-ħaxix biha u tefa' thrusts skond iċ-ċerimonjali. B’dawn ir-riti, twaqqfet il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Oriġinarjament Buenos Aires, isem li fil-prattika ħa post dak ta' Ciudad de la Trinidad, kien is-sede ta' gvern subordinat għall-Viċirejaltà tal-Perù. Għal madwar żewġ sekli l-abitanti, aktar tard nominati bħala porteños, sofrew ħafna tbatijiet: 'il bogħod minn kwalunkwe ċentru kummerċjali importanti, ma kellhomx l-elementi meħtieġa biex iżommu l-istil ta' ħajja Ewropew u ma setgħux jimmanifatturawhom fil-belt. Il-Kuruna, min-naħa tagħha, ipprivileġġjat il-portijiet fuq il-Paċifiku, għall-merkanzija sinjuri tagħhom, u għalhekk rrelegat Buenos Aires fl-isfond, peress li rċeviet biss żewġ bastimenti reġistrati fis-sena, u kien hemm għexieren ta 'snin li fihom ma wasal xejn. 64​65​Dan wassal lill-abitanti (bilkemm 500 fl-1602)66​ biex ifittxu li jaħarbu l-liġi u jgħixu mill-kuntrabandu, li ġie prinċipalment mill-Brażil.64​65​ Dan il-kuntrabandu kien jitħallas bl-uniku sors ta’ ġid li kien jeżisti. sal-bidu tas-seklu 17, li kien jikkonsisti fil-bejgħ ta’ ġilda miksuba mill-qatla ta’ merħliet (imħaleb) ta’ bovini mingħajr sidien li jduru fl-għelieqi. Laħam, xaħam tad-dam, antlers u bħal dawn kienu jittieklu lokalment bil-fdalijiet jintremew. Minn madwar 1660 hija waħda mill-ewwel deskrizzjonijiet tal-belt ta 'Buenos Aires, mill-vjaġġatur Acarete du Biscay, li tinsab fir-Relazzjoni ta' vjaġġ lejn il-Río de la Plata u minn hemm bl-art lejn il-Peru b'osservazzjonijiet dwar l-abitanti, kemm jekk Indjan jew Spanjol, il-bliet, il-kummerc, il-fertilità u l-gid ta din il-parti tal-Amerika. Fl-1680 il-Portugiżi, reċentement indipendenti minn Spanja, waslu bi spedizzjoni lejn Colonia del Sacramento, fuq il-kosta opposta tar-Río de La Plata, bil-ħsieb li joqogħdu f’dak it-territorju ftit li xejn popolat iżda dipendenti fuq il-monarka ta’ Kastilja. Il-gvernatur ta’ Buenos Aires, José de Garro, wara li bagħatilhom ultimatum li ordna l-irtirar tagħhom, li ġie miċħud, ġabar l-abitanti li ammontaw għal madwar tlett elef raġel b’kontinġenti minn bliet oħra fil-governorat, inkluż Guarani mill-Missjonijiet, u attakka b’suċċess. l-usurpaturi. Din ir-rebħa qawwija ġiet iċċelebrata ħafna fi Buenos Aires u għamlitha aktar prestiġjuża fi ħdan il-Monarkija Hispanika. Mis-seklu 18, il-kummerċ tal-iskjavi Afrikani żdied fil-belt, li n-negozjanti ewlenin tagħha kienu Brittaniċi.68 Ħafna minn dawn l-iskjavi stabbilixxew fil-belt biex iwettqu ħidmiet domestiċi fid-djar tal-familji l-aktar importanti. Dan wassal biex il-belt kellha popolazzjoni ta '25% ta' oriġini Afrikana mill-abitanti totali tagħha. L-industrija tal-ġilda kienet miexja, u lejn nofs is-seklu 18 kien hemm produzzjoni lokali importanti. Min-naħa l-oħra, peress li f’Buenos Aires wieħed seta’ jirnexxi biss minn dak li kellu, il-valur soċjali ma kienx jingħata bil-kunjomijiet jew qrubija lejn l-aristokrazija, iżda bis-suċċess miksub fuq mertu proprju. B’differenza minn bliet ġirien oħra, il-preġudizzji aristokratiċi jew tal-kasti kellhom inqas preponderanza mill-fortuna. Fl-1776, il-belt ġiet innominata bħala l-kapitali tal-Viċiroyalty tar-Río de la Plata maħluq ġdid. Il-kawżi ewlenin ta’ din id-deċiżjoni kienu dovuti għal: il-ħtieġa li jitwaqqaf l-avvanz Portugiż u Ingliż fir-reġjun, it-tentattiv biex jintemm il-kuntrabandu,69 u l-post strateġiku tiegħu fir-rotta Atlantika. B’hekk beda perjodu ta’ prosperità kbira, peress li l-belt kienet ibbenefikat mill-Kuruna Spanjola b’tip ta’ kummerċ aktar miftuħ, flessibbli u liberali, mogħti mir-Regolamenti tal-Kummerċ Ħieles. Buenos Aires jistgħu jintroduċu merkanzija minn kwalunkwe reġjun, u jgħaqqdu ma 'portijiet oħra, mingħajr ma titlob permess mill-awtoritajiet rjali; B’hekk, qata’ d-dipendenza politika u kummerċjali tiegħu fuq Lima. Il-belt esperjenzat progress esponenzjali bejn l-1780 u l-1800, u rċeviet ukoll immigrazzjoni qawwija, l-aktar mill-Ispanjoli, u sa ċertu punt mill-Franċiżi u mit-Taljani;6465 u kienet popolata minn negozjanti u l-ewwel raħħala. ===Invażjonijiet barranin u proċess ta' indipendenza minn Spanja=== Mill-ħolqien tagħha sal-1807 il-belt sofriet diversi invażjonijiet. Fl-1582, korsarju Ingliż [ċitazzjoni meħtieġa] ipprova jinżel fuq il-Gżira Martín García iżda ġie mwarrab. Fl-1587 l-Ingliż Thomas Cavendish ipprova jaħtaf il-belt, mingħajr suċċess. Fl-1658 sar it-tielet tentattiv, ordnat minn Louis XIV, Re ta’ Franza, iżda l-Kap tal-Qasam, Don Pedro de Baigorri Ruiz, dak iż-żmien Gvernatur ta’ Buenos Aires, irnexxielu jiddefendi b’suċċess il-port. Ir-raba 'attentat sar mill-avventuru Sur de Pintis, iżda l-viċinat irrifjutah. Fl-1699 kien hemm il-ħames invażjoni minn banda ta’ pirati Daniżi li tkeċċew malajr. Matul il-gvern ta’ Bruno Mauricio de Zabala, il-Franċiż Étienne Moreau niżel fuq il-kosta tal-lvant tar-Río de La Plata, fejn it-truppi Spanjoli ċaħduh u qatluh. Fil-qafas tal-Gwerra Anglo-Spanjola (1804-1809) —il-ħdax-il Gwerra Anglo-Spanjola—, fl-1806, il-Gran Brittanja kienet ħadet interess fir-rikkezzi tar-reġjun u Spanja kienet alleata ma’ Franza, ghadu ta’ dak l-imperu. Fis-27 ta’ Ġunju, il-ġeneral maġġur Ingliż William Carr Beresford ħataf Buenos Aires, kważi mingħajr reżistenza, peress li ma kienx hemm armata b’saħħitha u organizzata. Ħa f’idejh il-gvern, iżda ġie megħlub fit-12 ta’ Awwissu, 1806 minn armata minn Montevideo ikkmandata mill-Franċiż Santiago de Liniers.Fl-1807 it-tieni spedizzjoni Ingliża taħt il-kmand ta’ John Whitelocke ħadet il-fortizza ta’ Montevideo u baqgħet f’din l-enklavi għal diversi xhur. Fil-5 ta’ Lulju, 1807, Whitelocke pprova jokkupa Buenos Aires, iżda l-abitanti tagħha u l-milizzji urbani, issa organizzati u—għal darb’oħra bl-għajnuna ta’ Liniers—għelbu lill-Ingliżi.​ Ir-reżistenza tan-nies u tagħhom Il-parteċipazzjoni attiva fid-difiża u l-konkwista mill-ġdid żiedet il-poter u l-popolarità tal-mexxejja criollo, filwaqt li żiedet l-influwenza u l-fervur tal-gruppi indipendenti. Buenos Aires kisbet fil-poter militari (l-aktar magħmul minn Kreoli) u prestiġju morali. Fl-istess ħin, dehret evidenti l-insuffiċjenza tal-metropoli f’dak li għandu x’jaqsam ma’ tibgħat truppi li setgħu jiddefendu l-kolonji tagħha, issa mixtieqa bil-ħerqa minn poteri oħra emerġenti.​ Dan kollu, u l-wasla ta’ ideat liberali64​ u fundamentalment l-okkupazzjoni ta’ Spanja mill-armata Napoleoniċi, ippermettew il-ħolqien ta’ movimenti emanċipatorji, li ħarġu r-Rivoluzzjoni ta’ Mejju fl-1810 u l-ħolqien tal-ewwel gvern nazzjonali.7 B’konsegwenza ta’ dan, il-poter tal-Ispanjoli tkeċċiet favur il-Kreoli. Il-belt, b’madwar 40,000 abitant, saret port importanti tal-konsumatur ta’ prodotti manifatturati li ġew prinċipalment mill-Gran Brittanja u l-iżmembrement tal-Viċi-Reali ta’ seħħ ir-Río de la Plata. Buenos Aires inizjalment saret ċentru eġemoniku, iżda kellha tipprevali fuq l-oligarkiji provinċjali, li kellhom il-proġetti ekonomiċi tagħhom stess. ===Sa l-aħħar tas-seklu 19=== [[File:Fuerte de Buenos Aires, rivera norte.jpg|thumb|El Fuerte (fejn tinsab il-Casa Rosada bħalissa) u l-kosta tar-Río de la Plata madwar l-1816.]] [[File:Aduana Vieja (1888).jpg|thumb|L-istess dehra f’ritratt mill-1888. Il-Forti twaqqa’ u jidhru d-Dwana Taylor u l-Istazzjon Ċentrali ta’ Buenos Aires.]] [[File:Ribera Sur de Buenos Aires, 1852.jpg|thumb|Fl-imgħoddi, ir-Río de la Plata laħaq l-għoli ta 'Avenida Paseo Colón. Dehra tax-Xmara mill-Forti, 1852.]] [[File:Buenos Aires-Jura de la Constitución (1854).jpg|thumb|Ġurament tal-Kostituzzjoni tal-Istat ta’ Buenos Aires, fl-1854.]] [[File:Paseo de julio.png|thumb|Il-Paseo de Julio (Vjal Leandro N. Alem attwali) fl-1867.]] [[File:Partidos de la PBA antes de la federalización.svg|thumb|Partidos tal-provinċja ta' Buenos Aires qabel il-federalizzazzjoni tal-belt ta' Buenos Aires. Bl-aħmar, il-belt attwali bil-viċinanzi tagħha.]] [[File:BuenosAiresPlano1870.JPG|thumb|Plano/Pjanta ta’ Buenos Aires fl-1870.]] [[File:BUENOS AIRES PLANO DE 1888.jpg|thumb|Plano/Pjanta ta’ Buenos Aires fl-1888.]] Il-gvern li ħa post il-viċi-rey, il-Primera Junta, qies li kellu s-setgħat kollha ta’ dak. L-istess fehmu l-gvernijiet li warajh: il-Bord il-Kbir, l-Ewwel u t-Tieni Trijonvirat, u d-Direttorati. L-Ewwel Laqgħa ppruvat ukoll taħtar il-gvernaturi-intendenti, tibgħat armati u tiġbor id-dazji doganali. Dan wassal biex il-kumplament tal-viċirejt iħossu li r-rivoluzzjoni kienet biss issostitwiet il-poter ċentrali tal-viċirej b’dik ta’ Buenos Aires, mingħajr ma kisbet l-ebda vantaġġ.64 Fl-1815 il-provinċji rribellaw kontra l-gvern ċentrali meta Carlos María de Alvear inħatar bħala Direttur Suprem. Tliet xhur wara tkeċċa, u dan ġiegħlu jdaħħal raġuni ġdida għall-fervur għar-Rivoluzzjoni. Għalhekk qamet il-ħtieġa li jiġi ddikjarat, fil-Kungress ta’ Tucumán tal-1816, dak li kien diġà fatt: l-indipendenza tal-viċi-realtà fir-rigward ta’ Spanja. Dak il-kungress imbagħad tmexxa lejn Buenos Aires, u fassal il-Kostituzzjoni tal-1819, li ma ħadmitx u ġiet miċħuda mill-federalisti. Is-sena ta’ wara l-forzi federali għelbu lid-Direttorju u nħolqot il-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires, bl-ewwel gvernatur tagħha kien Manuel de Sarratea li ffirma t-Trattat ta’ Pilar mar-rebbieħa.60 Wara perjodu ta’ instabbiltà, Martín Rodríguez inħatar gvernatur u tiegħu ministri, li fosthom kien jispikka Bernardino Rivadavia, bdew perjodu ta’ ordni u riformi:76 inħoloq ir-Reġistru Nazzjonali, twaqqfet l-Amministrazzjoni tat-Tilqim u l-Arkivju Ġenerali ta’ Buenos Aires, u ġiet inawgurata l-Borża Kummerċ. Fl-aspett kulturali, ġiet enfasizzata l-inawgurazzjoni tal-Università ta’ Buenos Aires u nħolqot is-Soċjetà tax-Xjenzi Fiżiċi u Matematiċi. Fl-aħħar tal-1824, kungress iltaqa’ biex jabbozza kostituzzjoni nazzjonali, iżda ftit xhur wara faqqgħet il-Gwerra fil-Brażil, li ġiegħlet il-formazzjoni urġenti ta’ armata, u kien maħsub li kellha tiġi ffurmata wkoll Qawwa Eżekuttiva Nazzjonali biex jgħaqqad il-kmand.militar. Għalhekk, mingħajr lanqas biss bdew jiddiskutu kostituzzjoni li tagħti lill-pożizzjoni qafas legali, fis-6 ta' Frar 1826, ġiet sanzjonata l-liġi tal-presidenza, li ħolqot Setgħa Eżekuttiv Nazzjonali Permanenti, bit-titlu ta' “President tal-Provinċji Magħquda ta’ il-Río de la Plata".76​78​79​Rivadavia inħatar bħala l-ewwel president fi Frar 1826, li ma ntlaqax tajjeb fil-provinċji.75​76​80​ Rivadavia ppreżentat lil dak il-kungress proġett ta’ kapitalizzazzjoni għal Buenos Aires, il-belt u parti kbira mill-kampanja tal-madwar li tipproklama lilha nnifisha l-kapitali tal-Istat. Il-federaliżmu ta 'Buenos Aires opponaha, fid-difiża tal-istituzzjonijiet tal-provinċji garantiti mil-liġi fundamentali, speċjalment il-port u d-dwana, is-sors ewlieni ta' riżorsi għall-provinċja. Madankollu, il-liġi ġiet sanzjonata fl-1826.​ Il-gvernatur tal-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires, Las Heras, irriżenja mill-pożizzjoni tiegħu b’digriet tal-Poter Eżekuttiv.78​ Il-Bord tar-Rappreżentanti ġie xolt, u l-armata tal-provinċja, l-artijiet pubbliċi, id-dwana u l-proprjetajiet provinċjali kollha.78 Is-sidien tal-art, allarmati mill-konsegwenzi li jista’ jkollha l-kapitalizzazzjoni, waqfu jappoġġaw lil Rivadavia, u tħalla politikament iżolat. Tliet xhur wara ġiet approvata l-Kostituzzjoni tal-1826 iżda l-provinċji ċaħadha. Sadanittant, fl-1825, l-ispedizzjoni liberatriċi ta’ Juan Antonio Lavalleja u t-Tlieta u Tletin Orjentali tiegħu niżlut fil-Banda Orjentali u, wara li assedjaw Montevideo, ġabru kungress li ddikjara li l-Provinċja Orjentali reġgħet ġiet inkorporata fil-Provinċji Magħquda tar-Río. de la Silver. Il-Kungress Nazzjonali aċċetta d-dħul mill-ġdid iżda Rivadavia mbagħad iddeċieda li jeħles mill-gwerra mal-Brażil peress li imblokk navali impost minnu affettwa l-kummerċ, il-bażi tal-ġbir tad-dħul tal-istat. Minkejja r-rebħa qawwija fuq il-Brażil, ġie ffirmat trattat diżonorevoli li rrikonoxxa s-sovranità tal-Imperu fuq il-Banda Orjentali u wiegħed li jħallas kumpens lill-għadu. Għalkemm quddiem il-kritika, Rivadavia ċaħad il-ftehim, huwa sofra wkoll l-ispiża politika tal-patt, li kellha tkun waħda mir-raġunijiet għar-riżenja sussegwenti tiegħu. Matul l-hekk imsejħa "era Rivadavia" ix-xjenza u l-kultura prosperaw b'mod sinifikanti. L-impuls riformista tiegħu ta lill-ħajja intellettwali dinamika mhux magħrufa sa dak iż-żmien, u ħolqot klima propizju li tat il-frott f’diversi oqsma permezz tal-ħidma personali ta’ ħafna individwi. Il-miżuri ċentralisti żiedu l-għedewwa tal-provinċji mal-gvern tiegħu u l-gwerra mal-Brażil eżawrit ir-riżorsi.75 Rivadavia kellu jirriżenja u mar fl-eżilju fl-Ingilterra. Għalhekk, ir-reġim presidenzjali spiċċa u għal darb'oħra kull provinċja kienet iggvernata mill-istituzzjonijiet tagħha stess, u fdaw lil Buenos Aires bit-tmexxija tar-Relazzjonijiet Barranin.7576 Il-biċċa l-kbira tal-protagonisti impenjati għar-reġim waqa' emigraw, u faqqru l-kompitu intellettwali ta 'tendenza ta' Ewropizzazzjoni , prinċipalment f' Buenos Aires. Imbagħad infetaħ perjodu ta’ dubji dwar is-suppożizzjonijiet li sa dak iż-żmien kienu waqqfu r-relazzjonijiet ta’ Buenos Aires mal-bqija tal-pajjiż. Fl-1829, Juan Manuel de Rosas tela’ fil-poter wara li għeleb lill-Partit Unitario.6475 Fl-1831 għeleb lill-armata unitario u ħalla l-gvern fl-1832 biex jirritorna fl-1835, u assigura s-somma tal-poter pubbliku, u mexxa koalizzjoni ffurmata minn ħafna mill- elite federali u tradizzjonalista tal-belt.64​81​82​Rivadavianos u Unitarians kienu mġiegħla jemigraw. Iċ-ċensiment tal-1836 li sar fil-belt fuq talba ta’ Rosas indika li kien hemm 62,000 abitant. Fl-1852 diġà kien hemm 85,000 fi 350 blokka mibnija. Rosas sanzjona Liġi Doganali li kienet tipproteġi l-produzzjoni tal-provinċji, iżda notevolment żiedet id-dħul ta’ Buenos Aires. F'dan iż-żmien il-belt b'kuraġġ ffaċċjat l-Imblokk Franċiż u l-Imblokk Anglo-Franċiż. Meta Urquiza għeleb lil Rosas fil-battalja ta’ Caseros, dan tal-aħħar mar fl-eżilju fl-Ingilterra, u b’hekk fi Buenos Aires iċ-ċentru tal-poter politiku baqa’ f’idejn il-liberali u l-unitarios.81 Vicente López y Planes inħatar gvernatur proviżorju tal-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires u bil-Ftehim ta 'San Nicolás, l-uffiċċju doganali tal-belt ġie nazzjonalizzat, u d-dħul tiegħu ġestit minn Urquiza, meta nħatar Direttur tan-Nazzjon. Iżda l-Leġiżlatura ta 'Buenos Aires, grazzi għat-talba ta' Bartolomé Mitre, ċaħdet il-ftehim, li wassal għar-riżenja tal-Gvernatur López. Urquiza pprova jassumi t-tmexxija ta’ Buenos Aires, iżda l-porteños, wara r-rivoluzzjoni ta’ Settembru 1852, reġgħu ħadu l-kontroll tal-belt. B’dan il-mod, għalkemm l-Istat ta’ Buenos Aires ma ddikjarax lilu nnifsu ħieles, infired mill-bqija tat-tlettax-il provinċja li kienu jiffurmaw il-Konfederazzjoni Arġentina. Ibda minn Caseros, il-belt fetħet għall-immigrazzjoni. Eluf ta’ Ewropej, speċjalment mill-Italja u Spanja, bidlu l-wiċċ tal-belt u l-idjosinkrażi tagħha. Saru kostruzzjonijiet ta’ kull tip, fosthom l-ewwel ferrovija fl-Arġentina,83 li kienet tgħaqqad il-belt mal-belt ta’ Flores, li dak iż-żmien kienet fil-provinċja. Il-palazzi u d-djar kienu mibnija jew imżejna fl-istil Taljan, li ħa post l-“istil kolonjali”. Il-fondazzjoni fl-1854 tal-Muniċipalità ppermettiet tordna l-belt. Iżda n-nuqqas ta’ iġjene kienet problema kbira u kien biss wara Deni isfar f’Buenos Aires|l-epidemija tad-deni isfar tal-1871 li litteralment iddeċimat lill-popolazzjoni li l-problema tal-ilma ġieri tjiebet u l-kundizzjonijiet tal-għajxien tal-popolazzjoni, li f’xi postijiet għexet iffullar84 u fl-1875 inħoloq l-ispazju aħdar kbir ta’ Parque Tres de Febrero. Matul il-proċess twil li wassal għall-ħolqien tal-Istat Nazzjonali Arġentin, Buenos Aires intgħażlet bħala l-post ta’ residenza tal-Gvern Nazzjonali, għalkemm ma kellhiex awtorità amministrattiva fuq il-belt, li kienet parti mill-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires. Il-ħtieġa tal-gvern nazzjonali li federalizzaha, miżjuda mal-moviment tat-truppi ordnat mill-gvernatur tal-provinċja, Carlos Tejedor, ipproduċiet fl-1880 sensiela ta’ konfronti li kienu jispiċċaw bit-telfa tal-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires u l-federalizzazzjoni ta’ il-belt. Sussegwentement, il-provinċja ċediet id-distretti ta’ Flores u Belgrano, li kienu annessi mat-territorju tal-Kapitali Federali, u rċeviet kumpens finanzjarju bi skambju. Fl-1882 il-Kungress Nazzjonali ħoloq il-figuri tas-Sindku u l-Kunsill Deliberattiv tal-belt. Is-sindku ma ġiex elett b’vot popolari, iżda nħatar mill-President tan-Nazzjon bi qbil mas-Senat. L-ewwel li eżerċita l-pożizzjoni l-ġdida kien Torcuato de Alvear, maħtur fl-1883 minn Julio A. Roca. Min-naħa l-oħra, il-Kunsill Deliberattiv ġie vvutat mill-abitanti. Barra minn hekk, il-belt saret kożmopolitana, b'differenza mill-bqija tal-pajjiż, u żviluppat potenzjal finanzjarju u kulturali. In-Nazzjon għamel dak kollu possibbli biex tkabbar u ssebbaħ il-belt li issa kienet tagħha. Minn 337,617 abitant fl-1880, il-belt kellha ċifra ta’ 649,000 fl-1895, li minnhom 320,000 biss kienu indiġeni. ===Sal-preżent/To Present/Hacia el Presente=== [[File:Buenos Aires banner.jpg|thumb|Panoramika tal-bini ta 'Buenos Aires./Buildings Panoramic in Buenos Aires./Panorámica de Edificos en Buenos Aires]] Lejn l-aħħar tas-seklu 19 u l-bidu tas-seklu 20, il-belt għaddiet minn trasformazzjoni importanti; Il-prosperità ekonomika li kien għaddej minnha l-pajjiż żiedet mat-tħejjijiet għall-I Ċentinarju li kien se jiġi ċċelebrat fl-1910 ppermettiet li l-infrastruttura urbana tiżviluppa. Is-servizzi pubbliċi ġew imtejba u fl-1913 kellha l-ewwel subway fl-Amerika Latina. F'termini ta 'ippjanar urban, stili, bini għoli u t-tqassim urban ġew modifikati. Ġew diskussi u fformulati pjanijiet biex il-metropoli ssir is-simbolu ta’ nazzjon ġdid u progressiv. Iż-żieda fit-traffiku kummerċjali kienet teħtieġ il-bini ta’ port ġdid fil-belt. Eduardo Madero kien ippreżenta diversi proġetti għall-bini tiegħu fl-1861 u l-1869, iżda kien fl-1882 meta l-proġett tiegħu ġie aċċettat grazzi għal zijuh Francisco Madero, Viċi President tan-Nazzjon matul l-ewwel presidenza ta’ Julio Argentino Roca. Il-port ġie inawgurat fl-1884, iżda l-baċir tat-tramuntana u l-baċir 4 ġew inawgurati biss fl-1897. Dan il-port kellu ħafna nuqqasijiet; Għalhekk, fl-1908 il-Kungress Nazzjonali stabbilixxa l-kostruzzjoni tal-Port il-Ġdid, li ġie inawgurat proviżorjament fl-1919, magħmul minn baċiri miftuħa u li jinsab fit-tramuntana ta’ Córdoba Avenue. Imma mhux kollox kien prosperità fil-belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Iċ-ċelebrazzjonijiet taċ-Ċentinnarju saru taħt stat ta’ assedju, iddikjarat bħala riżultat tal-istrajk ġenerali li seħħ is-sena ta’ qabel wara r-repressjoni mdemmija fi Plaza Lorea ta’ dimostrazzjoni anarkista, li ħalliet 8 mejta u aktar minn 100 midruba, u li aktar tard kienet se ssir magħrufa bħala l-“Ġimgħa l-Ħamra”. ​F’Jannar 1919, inqatlu 700 ħaddiem u ndarbu kważi 4,000 wara kunflitt li nqala’ b’riżultat ta’ strajk fil-workshops metallurġiċi Pedro Vasena e Hijos, fatt li tibqa’ mfakkar bħala l-“Ġimgħa Traġika”. Mill-1895 sal-1914, minħabba l-wasla ta’ flussi kbar ta’ immigrazzjoni, il-belt kibret b’waħda mill-akbar rati annwali fid-dinja u fl-1914 kienet it-tnax-il l-akbar belt fid-dinja b’1,575,000 abitant, u kibret ukoll kulturalment. kummerċjalment. Din l-immigrazzjoni kkawżat bidliet fil-fiżjonomija tal-belt. Il-bini ta’ conventillos kien frekwenti, djar prekarji li kienu mikrija lill-ġodda li waslu, li kellhom jgħixu f’sitwazzjoni ta’ iffullar u nuqqas ta’ iġjene.​Bdew jiffurmaw ukoll l-ewwel shantytowns, li għalkemm żviluppaw mill-bidu tal- 1930s, kienu ilhom madwar mill-aħħar tas-seklu 19. Matul l-aħħar tas-seklu 19 u l-bidu tas-seklu 20 kien hemm żvilupp kbir tas-sistema tat-tramm. L-ewwel linja tat-tramm ġiet inawgurata fl-14 ta’ Lulju 1863. Sas-snin 20, in-netwerk kellu 875 km ta’ linji, 3,000 vettura u 12,000 impjegat. Is-sistema baqgħet topera sad-19 ta’ Frar, 1963, wara li l-belt spiċċat mit-trams sakemm il-PreMetro ġiet inawgurata fis-27 ta’ Awwissu, 1987,100 ħlief għal servizz storiku li jopera fil-viċinat ta’ Caballito fil-vaganzi u fi tmiem il-ġimgħa mill-1980. —it-“Tram Storiku ta’ Buenos Aires”— ipprovdut mill-Assoċjazzjoni tal-Ħbieb tat-Tram. Fl-1936 inbena l-Obelisk u s-sena ta’ wara ġiet inawgurata l-ewwel taqsima ta’ Avenida 9 de Julio, li l-estensjoni tagħha kienet se tiġi estiża diversi drabi fl-għexieren ta’ snin ta’ wara. Fl-1941, wara 4 snin ta’ xogħlijiet, ġiet inawgurata Vjal il-Ġeneral Paz. Minn dakinhar, serviet bħala limitu mal-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires, għalkemm l-imsemmija limiti kienu ġew stabbiliti bil-liġi fl-1887. Matul il-gvernijiet tar-Rivoluzzjoni tal-1943 u l-mandati ta’ Juan Domingo Perón, bħala riżultat ta’ proċess qawwi ta’ migrazzjoni interna, il-belt żiedet il-popolazzjoni tagħha kemm fil-limiti amministrattivi tagħha kif ukoll fil-partijiet tal-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires li jmissu mal- innifsu, li wassal għall-formazzjoni tal-megacity magħrufa bħala Greater Buenos Aires. Fl-1955 il-belt sofriet il-bumbardament tal-Plaza de Mayo minn grupp ta’ suldati u ċivili li kienu kontra l-gvern tal-President Juan Domingo Perón bl-intenzjoni li jwaqqagħha. Fl-inċident mietu 308 persuna u ndarbu aktar minn 700. Madwar l-1976 (dittatorjat militari sħiħ), bil-ħsieb ta’ flotta ta’ vetturi li tespandi b’mod kostanti, tfassal il-Pjan tal-Awtostrada Urbana, esegwit b’mod sod mis-Sindku Cacciatore, li kien jikkontempla netwerk ta’ awtostradi bi ħlas. Il-kostruzzjoni bdiet fl-1978, u l-25 de Mayo. u l-awtostradi Perito Moreno finalment ġew inawgurati fis-6 ta’ Diċembru, 1980. Ammont sinifikanti ta’ art ġiet esproprjata, f’ħafna każijiet bil-forza, u bi skumdità profonda u ċaħda minn parti kbira tar-residenti milquta. Ħafna minnhom ġew imċaqalqa lejn distretti mibnija minn proġetti tad-djar tal-istat. Inbdew xogħlijiet oħra u mbagħad ġew abbandunati, u qalu artijiet kienu okkupati illegalment. Fis-17 ta’ Marzu 1992 fis-2:45 p.m., splodiet karozza bomba kontra l-bini tal-Ambaxxata Iżraeljana, li kkaġunat 29 mewt,109 iżda ma kinitx tkun l-unika waħda, peress li l-avveniment kien se jiġi ripetut fit-18 ta’ Lulju, 1994 fid-9:53. a.m., din id-darba kontra l-kwartieri ġenerali tal-AMIA, li kkawża 85 mewt u aktar minn 300 ferita.110 Wara r-Riforma tal-Kostituzzjoni Arġentina tal-1994, il-belt setgħet toqgħod fuq il-Kostituzzjoni tagħha stess u bi gvern awtonomu ta’ elezzjoni diretta. Fl-ewwel elezzjonijiet tal-Fergħa Eżekuttiva, li saru fl-1996, il-formula radikali kienet ir-rebbieħa, jikkonverti lil Fernando de la Rúa fl-ewwel kap tal-Gvern.111 De la Rúa kien se jirriżenja mill-kariga tiegħu fl-1999 biex jassumi l-Presidenza tan-Nazzjon, il-mandat tiegħu jitlesta mill-viċi kap Enrique Olivera. Matul is-snin ta’ wara l-belt kompliet bl-iżvilupp kulturali u l-infrastruttura tagħha. Xogħlijiet ġodda bdew jespandu l-linja tas-subway; fl-istess waqt li ġew inawgurati u rranġati mużewijiet, teatri u ċentri kulturali differenti. F'Diċembru 2001, il-belt rat xi wħud mill-cacerolazos u marċi li talbu għar-riżenja tal-Ministru tal-Ekonomija, Domingo Cavallo, u l-President tan-Nazzjon, Fernando de la Rúa. Ir-repressjoni tal-pulizija ordnata mill-Gvern Nazzjonali kkawżat diversi mwiet kemm fil-viċinanzi ta’ Casa Rosada kif ukoll f’dawk tal-Palazz tal-Kungress. Il-kunflitt spiċċa bir-riżenja tal-President, u ta lok għal waħda mill-agħar kriżijiet istituzzjonali li sofriet ir-Repubblika Arġentina. Fl-2003, ġiet promulgata l-Unjoni Ċivili, kemm għall-koppji omosesswali kif ukoll eterosesswali, u saret l-ewwel belt fl-Amerika Latina li għamlet dawn l-għaqdiet uffiċjali. Fl-2004 il-belt sofriet waħda mill-akbar traġedji tagħha meta fi recital blat fit-30 ta’ Diċembru ħarġet nar fil-post taż-żfin República Cromañón meta dawk li attendew tefgħu murtali ġewwa, u kkawżaw nirien.de ħalla 193 mejta u 1,432 midruba. Dan il-fatt wassal għal investigazzjoni dwar proċess politiku biex tiġi ddeterminata r-responsabbiltà politika tal-kap tal-gvern Aníbal Ibarra; wara dan, il-Leġiżlatura ddeċidiet li tissospendih116 u mbagħad tkeċċih, u b’mod definittiv mibdul mill-Viċi Kap tal-Gvern Jorge Telerman fis-7 ta’ Marzu, 2006. ħati u ġie mkeċċi, sentenza li wara ġiet iffinalizzata. Fl-2007 saru l-elezzjonijiet għal kap tal-gvern u leġiżlaturi. Fl-10 ta’ Diċembru 2007 Mauricio Macri ħa l-kariga ta’ kap tal-Gvern, wara li rebaħ il-formula komposta minnu u minn Gabriela Michetti, fit-tieni rawnd tal-elezzjonijiet li saru f’Ġunju tal-istess sena, għall-binomjali Daniel Filmus-Carlos Heller b’60.96. % tal-voti. Din il-formula kienet irtrijonfat ukoll fir-rawnd preċedenti billi kisbet 45.62%, b’differenza ta’ aktar minn 20% meta mqabbla mal-kompetituri ewlenin tagħha. Fl-istess data, Aníbal Ibarra jassumi wkoll il-pożizzjoni ta' leġiżlatur fil-Leġiżlatura ta' Buenos Aires, wara li rebaħ fl-elezzjonijiet leġiżlattivi. Fl-2010, saru l-avvenimenti ċentrali tal-Bicentennial tal-Arġentina fil-belt, li matulhom ġie ċċelebrat ukoll il-ftuħ mill-ġdid tat-Teatru Colón, wara x-xogħol ta’ restawr li sar b’riżultat tad-deterjorament tiegħu. ===Proġett ta' rilokazzjoni tal-kapital/Capital relocation project/Proyecto de traslado de la capital=== [[File:Skyline Puerto Madero.jpg|thumb|Veduta bil-lejl ta' Madero Port/Night View of Madero Port/Vista nocturna de Puerto Madero]] Fl-1868 il-President Bartolomé Mitre għamel veto fuq il-Liġi 252, li kellha l-intenzjoni li tmexxi l-kapitali lejn il-belt ta’ Rosario.125 Domingo Sarmiento għamel veto wkoll fuq żewġ liġijiet li kellhom il-ħsieb li jċaqalquha lejn l-istess destinazzjoni: il-Liġi 294 fl-1869 u 620 fl-1873.125 Huwa wkoll il-veto fl-1868. 1870 Liġi 462, li kellha l-intenzjoni li tittrasferiha lil Villa María. Fit-3 ta’ Mejju 1972, waqt il-presidenza de facto tal-Ġeneral Alejandro Agustín Lanusse, inħareġ digriet-liġi 19610, li jiddikjara l-ħtieġa li l-kapitali tan-nazzjon titbiegħed mill-belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Fis-27 ta’ Mejju, 1987, waqt il-presidenza ta’ Raúl Alfonsín, il-Kungress Nazzjonali ssanzjona l-Liġi 23512, li fiha ċ-ċentri urbani mibnija u li għandhom jinbnew fil-futur fiż-żona tal-bliet ta’ Viedma, Carmen de Patagones u Guardia Mitre. (Distrett Federali ta 'Viedma-Carmen de Patagones), flimkien ma' territorju kbir ta 'għelieqi fiż-żona tal-Wied t'isfel tar-Río Negro, ċeduti mil-Leġiżlaturi tal-provinċji ta' Buenos Aires u Río Negro. Dan il-proġett, li huwa magħruf bħala l-Proġett tal-Patagonja, kellu l-għan li mhux biss jiddeċentralizza l-belt ta’ Buenos Aires, iżda wkoll jimpopula u jiżviluppa r-reġjun tal-Patagonja. Biex tikkonforma mal-proġett, fil-21 ta’ Lulju 1987, permezz tad-digriet 1156, inħolqot l-Entità għall-Kostruzzjoni tal-Kumpannija Kapitali tal-Istat Ġdid (ENTECAP). Meta Carlos Saúl Menem ħa l-presidenza, fl-1989, iddeċieda li jxolji ENTECAP. Bil-proġett tat-trasferiment tal-kapital, infetaħ dibattitu dwar l-eventwalità li l-belt terġa 'lura fil-ġurisdizzjoni tal-provinċja ta' Buenos Aires, li ġiet solvuta bl-artikolu 6 tal-Liġi 23512, li jistabbilixxi l-provinċjalizzazzjoni tal-belt ladarba l-awtoritajiet federali kienu bbażati fil-kwartieri ġenerali l-ġodda tagħhom u li għandha titlaqqa’ Konvenzjoni Kostitwenti biex jorganizzaw l-istituzzjonijiet tagħhom.tal-1991) u minn dik ta’ Río Negro (fl-14 ta’ Lulju, 1994) fil-21 ta’ Mejju, 2014 Il-Liġi 23512 ġiet imħassra bis-sanzjoni tal-Arġentina. Legal Digest (Liġi Nru 26939), li hija l-korp ordnat tal-istandards nazzjonali Arġentini fis-seħħ, peress li mhuwiex inkluż fil-korp regolatorju tiegħu. B'dan il-mod, il-proġett għat-trasferiment tal-kapital federali legalment ġie fi tmiemu. ==Diskussjoni dwar l-istatus legali tagħha/Discussion about its legal status/Discusión sobre su estatus jurídico== Ir-riforma kostituzzjonali Arġentina tal-1994 tat lill-belt ta’ Buenos Aires status legali ġdid billi pprovdiet li “Il-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires se jkollha reġim ta’ gvern awtonomu, bis-setgħat tagħha ta’ leġiżlazzjoni u ġurisdizzjoni, u l-kap tal-gvern tagħha jkun elett direttament. min-nies tal-belt” (art. 129). Qabel l-1994, il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires kienet muniċipalità li kellha s-setgħa straordinarja li jkollha r-rappreżentanza tagħha stess fil-kmamar tas-senaturi u r-rappreżentanti tal-Kungress Nazzjonali, iżda ma kellhiex is-setgħa li teleġġi s-sindku muniċipali, li l-għażla tiegħu kienet taqa’ fuq il-President tan-Nazzjon. Wara l-1994, iċ-ċittadini tal-belt eleġġu konvenzjoni kostitwenti li pproċediet biex tapprova fl-1996 "statut organizzattiv" (art. 129, NM), imsejjaħ "kostituzzjoni" mill-konvenzjoni, li adottat ukoll l-isem uffiċjali tal-belt. , dik tal-“Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires”. Minn dakinhar m'hemm l-ebda ftehim fost speċjalisti dwar l-istatus legali tal-belt ta 'Buenos Aires. Id-diskussjoni ċentrali tiċċentra madwar id-dikotomiji awtonomija-awtarkija u muniċipalità-stat. Dan li ġej huwa sommarju tal-pożizzjonijiet ewlenin dwar l-istatus jew in-natura legali tal-belt ta’ Buenos Aires mill-1994: gvern awtonomu. Għal Claudio Kiper, Buenos Aires mhix "belt awtonoma", u lanqas "stat awtonomu", iżda belt bi "gvern awtonomu", jiġifieri belt awtonoma. Kiper isostni li l-użu tal-kelma "gvern awtonomu" użata mill-Kostituzzjoni Nazzjonali, u mhux "stat awtonomu" jew "belt awtonoma", jesprimi r-rieda tal-kostitwenti li jillimitaw l-awtonomija tal-gvern, li jistabbilixxi għall-leġiżlattivi u ġurisdizzjonali fakultajiet (ġudizzjarji) kriterju idjaq ta '"poteri proprji" definiti mil-liġi regolatorja maħruġa mill-Kungress Nazzjonali. Għal Kiper, l-istatus ta 'stat awtonomu fl-Arġentina jikkorrispondi biss għall-provinċji. Għal din ir-raġuni, skont Kiper, il-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires m’għandhiex setgħat biex ikollha l-ġustizzja ċivili tagħha stess, minħabba li l-kunċett ta’ “gvern awtonomu” ma jinkludix il-kunċett tas-setgħa ġudizzjarja tagħha stess, iżda biss dak ta’ “setgħat proprji”. tal-ġurisdizzjoni." Belt-stat fit-triq lejn awtonomija sħiħa. Għal Antonio María Hernández, hija "belt-stat" fi triqitha lejn "awtonomija sħiħa", li fl-2017 kienet għadha ma laħqitx, minħabba l-fatt li ħafna oqsma istituzzjonali għadhom responsabbli mill-Istat federali u huma mħallsa. għal mill-popolazzjoni kollha tal-pajjiż. Belt-stat ta' status aktar baxx minn provinċja. Għal Juan Octavio Gauna hija wkoll "belt-stat", bi status legali ogħla minn muniċipalità, iżda inqas minn provinċja. Muniċipalità bi grad wiesa' ta' awtarkija. Għal Rodolfo Barra hija "muniċipalità", li n-natura tagħha, bħall-muniċipalitajiet kollha, hija mogħtija mir-relazzjonijiet tal-viċinat urban. Bħala muniċipalità, m’għandhiex awtonomija iżda pjuttost awtarkija, li r-riforma kostituzzjonali tal-1994 tat fil-biċċa l-kbira tagħha. Muniċipalità federata. Għal Pedro Frías hija wkoll muniċipalità, iżda b’differenza mill-muniċipalitajiet Arġentini l-oħra, hija parti mill-federazzjoni Arġentina flimkien mal-provinċji. Belt awtonoma b'kompetenza funzjonali wiesgħa. Għal Miguel Marienhoff, fir-reġim kostituzzjonali Arġentin, il-provinċji biss għandhom awtonomija, għax is-setgħa tagħhom hija oriġinali. Persuni pubbliċi li s-setgħa tagħhom hija derivata minn poter ieħor, m'għandhomx awtonomija, iżda awtarkija. Għal din ir-raġuni, għal Marienhoff, Buenos Aires mhijiex belt awtonoma, iżda pjuttost belt awtonoma b’kompetenza funzjonali wiesgħa Persuna tal-liġi pubblika li ma oriġinatx fit-testment tal-abitanti tagħha. Għal Alberto Spota, l-istatus legali tal-belt ta’ Buenos Aires huwa aktar simili għall-awtarkija milli għall-awtonomija. Ir-raġuni għal dan hija li ma ġietx installata bir-rieda tal-abitanti tagħha, iżda b’konvenzjoni li tirriforma l-Kostituzzjoni, li fil-futur tista’ titfi dak l-istatus u terġa’ lura għall-istatus preċedenti jew ieħor li jiġi deċiż. provinċja urbana. Għal Ricardo Ottonello hija “provinċja urbana”. Belt kostituzzjonali federata. Horacio Rosatti isostni li hija "belt kostituzzjonali federata". sentenza tal-4 ta' April 2019. F'dan il-preċedent ġie riżolt li "... l-art. 129 tal-Kostituzzjoni Nazzjonali ġie inkorporat fir-riforma kostituzzjonali tal-1994 li tirrikonoxxi l-belt ta' Buenos. Aires l-istatus ta’ belt kostituzzjonali federata (...) li tagħtiha awtonomija tal-leġislazzjoni u ġurisdizzjoni u għalhekk tinkludiha fid-djalogu federali”. Awtonomija limitata mir-rwol tagħha bħala kapital federali. Għal Jorge Francisco Cholvis hija "belt kostituzzjonali federata" (konf. Horacio Rosatti), mhux ekwiparata mal-provinċji, b'"awtonomija limitata" minħabba r-rwol doppju tagħha bħala gvern lokali u kapital federali. Għal din ir-raġuni, Cholvis isostni li l-Port ta’ Buenos Aires m’għandux jiġi trasferit għall-Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires, peress li d-dominju u l-ġurisdizzjoni tiegħu jikkorrispondu għall-Istat federali. Mhix provinċja. Il-Qorti Suprema tal-Ġustizzja tan-Nazzjon iddeċidiet li l-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires wara l-1994 ma kinitx provinċja. (konf., CSJN, “Cincunegui c. Gvern tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires”, tal-11.18.99; CSJN, “Teżor Nazzjonali-Amministrazzjoni Federali tad-Dħul Pubbliku-Direttorat Ġenerali tat-Taxxa”, tal-5.16.2000 - “Il-Liġi” , Sensiela Speċjali tal-Liġi Kostituzzjonali tal-25 ta’ Awwissu, 2000-, CSJN, "Rodríguez, Héctor y Otros v. Provincia de Buenos Aires", tat-12.5.2000, pub., in Rev J.A.S. tal-ġimgħa 6255, tas-7.18.2000; bejn l-oħrajn). F'deċiżjonijiet aktar reċenti, bħal "Ciudad de Buenos Aires c/ Pcia. de Córdoba s/ Fiscal Execution" (Deċiżjonijiet 342-533) u "Nisman" (Deċiżjonijiet 339-1342), hija ddeċidiet li l-Belt ta' Buenos Aires "hija belt, minħabba l-karatteristiċi demografiċi tagħha.Hija belt kostituzzjonali, għax hija l-unika waħda espressament indikata b’isem u b’attributi speċifiċi ta’ liġi pubblika fil-Kostituzzjoni Nazzjonali, kuntrarjament għall-bliet l-oħra li huma msemmija ġenerikament meta jittrattaw ma’ provinċjali. muniċipalitajiet. U hija belt liġi kostituzzjonali federata, għax tintegra direttament is-sistema federali Arġentina flimkien mas-suġġetti politiċi l-oħra li jikkomponuha, kemm dawk ta '"eżistenza meħtieġa" jew "inexorable", li l-identifikazzjoni u r-regolamentazzjoni tagħhom - jew il-provvediment ta' ir-regolament tiegħu - jaħdem fil-Liġi Fundamentali stess (l-Istat Nazzjonali, il-provinċji, il-muniċipalitajiet provinċjali u l-belt awtonoma ta 'Buenos Aires), bħal dawk ta' "eżistenza possibbli" jew "eventwali", dawk li l-eżistenza tagħhom tiddependi fuq e r-rieda tas-suġġetti ineżorabbli (bħal hu l-każ tar-reġjuni)". ==Il-popolazzjoni u l-ippjanar urban/Population and urban planning/Población y ordenamiento urbano== ===Demografija/Demography/Demografía=== [[File:Caba densidad.png|thumb|Densità tal-popolazzjoni (Ċensiment 2010).]] [[File:Inmigración extranjera en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Censo 2010).png|thumb|Iċ-ċensiment tal-popolazzjoni tal-2010 juri li mill-inqas 381,000 barrani minn pajjiżi differenti tar-reġjun u tad-dinja jgħixu fil-Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires (CABA).]] Fl-aħħar ċensiment nazzjonali li sar f’Ottubru 2010 mill-INDEC, fil-belt ta’ Buenos Aires kien hemm 2,890,151 abitant, li minnhom 54,0% kienu nisa u 46,0% irġiel. Għalhekk Bl-istess mod, il-belt għandha densità demografika sinifikanti li tammonta għal 14,307.68. abbit/km². Fil-bidu tas-seklu 21, minħabba t-tixjiħ (minħabba l-fertilità baxxa tal-istrati tal-klassi tan-nofs) tal-popolazzjoni nattiva ta 'Buenos Aires, l-emigrazzjoni barra u s-sostituzzjoni demografika l-aktar ikkawżata minn kriżijiet ekonomiċi, 40% ta' Buenos Aires Ma kienx imwieled fil-belt jew fid-distretti ta’ Greater Buenos Aires, iżda pjuttost hija popolazzjoni li emigrat mill-provinċji tat-tramuntana tal-Arġentina u minn pajjiżi oħra (huwa stmat li 381,778 mill-abitanti tagħha twieldu barra).140 ​Skond il- Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Istatistika u Ċensimenti (li jappartjenu lill-Gvern tal-CABA), fl-2008 ir-rata totali tal-fertilità kienet ta’ 1.94 tifel/tifla għal kull mara (taħt il-livell ta’ sostituzzjoni ġenerazzjonali ta’ 2.1 tfal għal kull mara). Popolazzjoni storika/Historical population/Población Histórica Year/Año Pop. ±% 1779 24 205 — 1810 44 800 +85.1% 1869 177 797 +296.9% 1895 663 854 +273.4% 1914 1 575 814 +137.4% 1947 2 981 043 +89.2% 1960 2 966 634 −0.5% 1970 2 972 453 +0.2% 1980 2,922,829 −1.7% 1991 2,965,403 +1.5% 2001 2 776 138 −6.4% 2010 2,890,151 +4.1% 2020 3,075,646 +6.4% Għal aktar minn 60 sena, il-popolazzjoni tal-belt ta’ Buenos Aires staġnat għal madwar 2.9 miljun abitant, b’varjazzjonijiet ħfief interċensali. Fl-2001, il-belt ċediet it-tieni post li storikament okkupat fost l-aktar ġurisdizzjonijiet popolati fil-pajjiż, minħabba t-tkabbir demografiku tal-provinċji ta 'Córdoba u Santa Fe. ===Arkitettura u urbaniżmu/Architecture and urbanism/Arquitectura y urbanismo=== [[File:9 de julio (Buenos Aires).JPG|thumb|Avenida 9 de Julio, Plaza de la República u l-Obelisk, tliet simboli tal-arkitettura Arġentina.]] [[File:Palacio Anchorena 2018.jpg|thumb|Il-Palazz San Martín (Palacio de San Martín/San Martín Palace9 darba kien ir-residenza tal-Anchorena, waħda mill-ħafna familji li jappartjenu lill-aristokrazija ta’ Buenos Aires. L-istil arkitettoniku tiegħu jappartjeni għall-akkademiżmu Franċiż u llum huwa s-sede ċerimonjali tal-Kanċellerija Arġentina.]] Il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires evolviet minn diversi kurrenti ta’ immigrazzjoni li jappartjenu għal kulturi differenti u, konsegwentement, ħolqu eklettiżmu notevoli li jidher fl-arkitettura tagħha li fiha espressjonijiet li jvarjaw minn akkademiżmu Franċiż kiesaħ jew art deco, sal-art nouveau ferrieħa; min-neo-Gotiku modern, li jgħaddi mill-Franċiż Bourbon, għall-skajskrejper modern magħmul mill-ħġieġ jew konkos. Jew stili partikolari ħafna, bħall-viċinat Taljan ikkulurit ta 'La Boca, kif ukoll bini mill-era kolonjali jew neokolonjali. Il-belt tinsab fuq appoġġ ġeografiku tajjeb: it-territorju tagħha huwa estensiv u ċatt u rari ssofri kumplikazzjonijiet minn temperaturi estremi, irjieħ, borra (tlieta għal kull seklu), jew terremoti (sismiċità baxxa). Għandu sors tajjeb ħafna ta' ilma ħelu bħal Río de La Plata. It-tqassim tal-belt huwa regolari ħafna. Iċ-ċentru storiku u finanzjarju tal-belt għandu blokki perfettament kwadri, estiżi mit-tramuntana għan-nofsinhar u mill-lvant għall-punent, hekk kif stabbilixxahom il-fundatur tagħha Garay. Dan it-tqassim ta 'toroq perpendikolari (l-hekk imsejħa "checkerboard") estiż fil-biċċa l-kbira lejn il-bqija tal-belt. Buenos Aires għandha 2,113-il triq (bejn toroq, toroq u passaġġi). Matul il-perjodu hekk imsejjaħ Rivadavian (1821-1828), f’dawn il-bajjiet waslu periti, inġiniera u tekniċi mill-Gran Brittanja, l-Italja u Franza, li ġabu arkitettura li tirrifletti dak li kien qed jiġri fil-pajjiżi tal-oriġini tagħhom. Bla dubju kien hemm fit-tmexxija ta’ Buenos Aires xewqa għal bidla, għal qsim kulturali, b’karattru manifest anti-Ispaniku. Fl-1880 dehru alterazzjonijiet fil-pjan urban. Fi Buenos Aires, fl-1894, Avenida de Mayo ippjanat assi li kien deskritt bħala Pariġjan. Madwar l-1920, beda l-ftuħ taż-żewġ toroq djagonali mill-Plaza de Mayo, biex bl-avenue preċedenti tlestiet l-iskema patte d'oie li tirreferi għat-tqassim urbani Franċiżi tas-seklu 17. Il-pjazez kienu pajsaġġjati b’disinji meħuda wkoll mir-repertorju Galliku, li jinkorporaw funtani, lampi u monumenti għall-irġiel kbar tal-pajjiż ikkonsagrati skont it-tagħlim ta’ dik li kienet tissejjaħ storja uffiċjali. Fil-kapitali u l-ibliet interni, inħolqu parks ta’ disinn Ewropew, li jimportaw speċi ta’ pjanti li ħafna drabi kienu eżotiċi. Il-metropoli hija fertili f'żoni ta 'kwalità urbana u arkitettonika. Għandu pjazez pubbliċi insuffiċjenti li fosthom jispikkaw il-parks: Parque Tres de Febrero jew (Bosques de Palermo), Almirante Brown u dawk tal-ex Costanera Sur (Andrés Borthagaray u Manuel Ludueña). Buenos Aires għandha total ta '640 kwadru u kwadri żgħar. U n-nuqqas ta’ parks u kwadri huwa ta’ 2,400 ettaru. [[File:Buenos Aires - Avenida de Mayo - Palacio Barolo - 2006.jpg|thumb|Il-Palazz Barolo (Palacio Barolo/Barolo Palace), wieħed mill-aktar bini art nouveau rikonoxxut. Dak iż-żmien kien l-ogħla bini fl-Amerika t'Isfel.]] [[File:Repsol YPF Tower.jpg|thumb|YPF Tower, eżempju ċar ta 'Arkitettura Postmoderna.]] Karatteristika waħda hija d-diversità tas-siġar u l-kuluri tal-fjuri tagħhom. Fil-biċċa l-kbira, din hija konsegwenza tax-xogħol ta’ Carlos Thays, disinjatur tal-pajsaġġ Franċiż, kreatur, fost affarijiet oħra, tal-Ġnien Botaniku ta’ Buenos Aires, li ħawwel siġar bħal tipas, jacarandas u lapachos. wara l-kriterji ta’ varjanti ġeometriċi u pajsaġġi li Franza kienet adottat mis-seklu 17 għall-ispazji ħodor. Karatteristika oħra li tispikka hija l-inkurunament fuq koppli, torrijiet u mansardi li għandu l-bini. Fil-prinċipju, kienu r-riżultat tal-influwenza Ewropea fuq l-arkitettura ta’ Buenos Aires, speċjalment minħabba l-ħidma mwettqa minn periti Franċiżi, Taljani u Ġermaniżi, li ddisinjaw il-binjiet bejn l-aħħar tas-seklu 19 u l-bidu tas-seklu 20, bħala sostitut għall-arkitettura kolonjali. Għall-ewwel kien element arkitettoniku simboliku. Iżda aktar tard ġew magħżula bħala simbolu tas-sumptuousness tal-bourgeoisie Arġentina li kellha l-poter nazzjonali. Forsi l-karatteristika ewlenija tagħhom hija l-varjetà tagħhom: hemm nofs larinġ, ananas, basal, u ħafna oħrajn. Madankollu, l-ammont ta’ spazji ħodor pubbliċi mhuwiex biżżejjed, ma jilħaqx l-istandards minimi tal-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa (WHO). [[File:The Lake, The Rose Garden, Palermo, Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|Imsaġar ta' Palermo./Palermo Forest. (Bosques de Palermo.)]] ===Barrios/Quarters=== L-eqdem ġejjin mill-parroċċi antiki stabbiliti fis-seklu 19. Minn tmiem is-seklu 19, ħarġet ġenerazzjoni ġdida ta’ distretti, li m’għadhomx determinati mill-parroċċi iżda b’oriġini differenti.150 Għalkemm qed jitkellem dwar 100 lokal ta’ Buenos Aires, din l-espressjoni toriġina minn kanzunetta popolari u mhux min-numru attwali. tal-viċinat. Kull lokal għandu l-istorja tiegħu u l-karatteristiċi tal-popolazzjoni li jagħtuh kulur, stil u drawwiet uniċi; u huma riflessjoni tal-varjetà kulturali li hija l-bażi tal-belt.151 Ħafna minn dawn l-unitajiet territorjali huma antiki ta’ sekli, oħrajn għebu uffiċjalment u hemm oħrajn li ġew determinati reċentement. Dan huwa l-każ ta’ Parque Chas, li l-limiti tagħha ġew stabbiliti fil-25 ta’ Jannar, 2006 meta ġiet ippubblikata l-Liġi 1907. fil-Gazzetta Uffiċjali. Madankollu, dejjem kien hemm numru kbir ta 'ismijiet mhux uffiċjali għal xi żoni tal-belt, bħal Barrio Parque u Abasto. Il-viċinat tal-grigal huma dawk bl-ogħla poter ta’ akkwist, bi ħwienet esklussivi u diversi żoni residenzjali ta’ klassi għolja bħal Recoleta, Retiro, Palermo, Belgrano, Núñez, Las Cañitas, Colegiales kif ukoll Puerto Madero, fil-lvant tal-belt . Bl-eċċezzjoni tal-viċinat ta’ Barracas, fejn qed titfaċċa popolazzjoni ta’ klassi medja u medja ta’ fuq grazzi għall-isplużjoni tal-proprjetà immobbli, iż-żona tan-Nofsinhar hija dik bl-inqas indikaturi soċjoekonomiċi fil-belt. Is-sistema ta’ deċentralizzazzjoni tal-gvern mill-komuni, reġgħet bdiet il-limiti bejn il-viċinat, peress li hemm komun għal kull lokal jew distretti ġirien.154 Uffiċjalment il-belt hija maqsuma fi 48 distrett jew unitajiet territorjali. ===Problema urbana/Urban problem/Problemática urbana=== [[File:Villa 31 de Buenos Aires.jpeg|thumb|Villa 31, Retiro.]] Ix-shantytowns ta’ Buenos Aires, simili għall-favelas Brażiljani, il-cantegriles Urugwajani, is-slums Kolumbjani, il-kwartieri fil-Venezwela jew ix-xanty towns Ċileni. Insedjament huwa grupp ta' minimu ta' tmien familji raggruppati jew kontigwi, fejn aktar minn nofs il-popolazzjoni m'għandhiex titolu ta' art, u lanqas m'għandha aċċess regolari għal mill-inqas tnejn mis-servizzi bażiċi. Sa mis-seklu 19, imqanqal kemm mill-eżodu rurali kif ukoll minn numru kbir ta’ immigranti Ewropej. It-tkabbir tagħhom kien imsaħħaħ matul il-kriżi internazzjonali tal-1930 u l-kriżi tal-2001, din tal-aħħar ikkawżat żieda fl-inugwaljanza fid-dħul. 26% tal-kapijiet tad-dar huma barranin u 13% ġejjin minn provinċji oħra, iżda 61% twieldu u trabbew fi Buenos Aires. ​Is-sitwazzjoni attwali tal-vilel hija varjata: xi sorsi jindikaw li xi wħud qed ikomplu jikbru,159​ filwaqt li diversi vilel oħra ġew urbanizzati parzjalment jew totalment f’dawn l-aħħar snin, u xi oħrajn huma l-oġġett ta’ pjanijiet u kampanji għall-futur. żvilupp, bħal Villa 20 f’Lugano u Villa 31. ===Netwerk taħt l-art insuffiċjenti/Insufficient underground network/Insuficiente red de subterráneos=== In-netwerk tal-metro —inklużi s-subways— fi Buenos Aires kien l-ewwel wieħed fl-emisferu tan-Nofsinhar, inawgurat fl-1910. Minħabba interessi personali favur kumpaniji privati ​​tal-karozzi tal-linja, wara aktar minn seklu bilkemm huwa twil 61 kilometru, kontra 294. kilometru għal Madrid, 226 kilometru għall-Belt tal-Messiku, 140 kilometru għal Santiago de Chile, 80 kilometru għal São Paulo u 70 kilometru għal Caracas. ===Spazji ħodor pubbliċi/Public green spaces/Espacios verdes públicos=== M'hemm l-ebda standard internazzjonali stabbilit dwar il-kwantità u l-kwalità ta 'spazju aħdar li belt għandu jkollha. Il-valuri jvarjaw minn minimu ta '9 metri kwadri ta' spazju aħdar għal kull abitant, imsemmija f'xi dokumenti minn riċerkaturi mill-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija tas-Saħħa (WHO), sa 20 metru kwadru u anke 40 metru kwadru, proposti minn esperti minn pajjiżi żviluppati .163 Bl-istess mod, m’hemm l-ebda kunsens dwar dak li għandu jinftiehem bħala “spazju aħdar”, li jvarja minn uċuħ ta’ kwart ta’ ettaru għal uċuħ ta’ 5 ettari. Finalment, ix-xogħlijiet fuq spazji ħodor urbani jagħtu importanza massima lid-distanza. li kull abitant jgħix fuq spazju aħdar, massimu ta’ 300 metru jitqies bħala raġonevoli f’xi karti.165 Fl-aħħarnett, irrakkomandat li jiġu kkalkulati l-ispazji ħodor għal kull persuna filwaqt li jitqies in-numru ta’ nies li jidħlu fil-belt kuljum. Il-belt ta' Buenos Aires ma ppubblikatx dejta uffiċjali wara l-2018, meta rrapportat li kellha 6.09 metri kwadri għal kull abitant, meta tqis sitt kategoriji bħala spazji ħodor pubbliċi: parks, pjazez, kwadri żgħar, flowerbeds, u ġonna.166 It-total ta’ ħodor. l-ispazji jvarjaw bi ftit varjazzjonijiet għall-perjodu 2006-2020 f’xi 1800 ettaru. Skont Dr Sonia Berjman,144 id-defiċit ta’ spazju aħdar pubbliku fil-belt huwa ta’ 2,400 ettaru, u t-tendenza attwali tindika li l-ammont ta’ spazju aħdar pubbliku għal kull abitant fil-belt se jkompli jonqos minħabba li l-fattur ta’ okkupazzjoni totali (FOT)167 jippermetti kostruzzjoni indiskriminata, għax il-pjan tal-gvern huwa li tirdoppja l-popolazzjoni tal-belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Barra minn hekk, spazji ħodor huma mqassma b’mod irregolari fil-belt,​ pereżempju, distretti bħal Almagro jinsabu f’sitwazzjoni agħar minn distretti bħal Palermo.170​ Bliet kbar fid-dinja bħal New York u Londra għandhom, rispettivament, 29 u 27 kwadru. metri ta’ spazju aħdar pubbliku għal kull abitant. Skont studju ppubblikat mill-IDB, Buenos Aires hija fost l-ibliet li joffru l-agħar kwalità ta’ ħajja f’termini ta’ spazju aħdar pubbliku għal kull abitant. Offerta biss 2.69 metru kwadru ta 'spazju aħdar pubbliku għal kull abitant fl-2001 kontra 11.58 metru kwadru ta' spazju aħdar pubbliku offrut minn São Paulo. Bejn parks u kwadri, l-ammont ta’ spazju aħdar fil-belt kien ta’ medja ta’ 4.54 metri għal kull abitant fl-2007, madankollu sal-2014 dan il-proporzjon bilkemm laħaq it-3.9 m² għal kull porteño, li minnhom 1.17 m² ġew ipprovduti fir-Riżerva Ekoloġika Costanera Sur. F’Caballito, min-naħa tiegħu, l-ammont ta’ spazju aħdar għal kull abitant ma jilħaqx 1.5 metru kwadru. Skont dejta uffiċjali, 3 komuni (1, 8 u 14) biss jilħqu l-minimu stabbilit mid-WHO ta’ 10 metri kwadri ta’ spazju aħdar għal kull abitant. Il-komuni 3 u 5, li jinkludu distretti bħal Boedo, Almagro, San Cristóbal u Balvanera, prattikament m'għandhomx spazji ħodor. Il-komuni 2, 4, 6, 7, 10, 11 u 15 ukoll jinsabu f’sitwazzjoni kritika ħafna. Dan in-nuqqas ta’ spazji ħodor jaffettwa s-saħħa tal-popolazzjoni. 56% tat-tfal u l-adolexxenti fil-belt ma jagħmlux attività fiżika biżżejjed u raġuni importanti, għal 28.5%, hija li l-każin jew il-pjazza tagħhom hija 'l bogħod minn darhom. Skont id-dejta uffiċjali, 80% tal-ispazji ħodor pubbliċi jikkorrispondu għal parks, kwadri u kwadri żgħar (kwadri niexfa huma wkoll magħduda). L-20% li jifdal huwa magħmul minn flowerbeds, ġonna, playgrounds, ċentri sportivi, ġonna li jinsabu fuq Avenida General Paz u diversi spazji miżmuma mid-Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Ispazji Ħodor. Li biha, l-ispazju aħdar użabbli (kwadri u parks miżjuda), bilkemm jilħaq 4.48 metru kwadru għal kull abitant. Rigward siġar urbani, hemm 425,000 siġra.178 Sabiex ikun hemm xejn inqas minn siġra waħda għal kull 3 abitanti, bħal fi bliet oħra, il-gvern tal-belt għandu jħawwel 575,000 siġra addizzjonali,179 peress li l-belt għandha madwar 3 miljuni. abitanti. Filwaqt li rrikonoxxa l-problema tan-nuqqas ta’ spazji ħodor, il-gvern tal-belt nieda l-Pjan Verde ta’ Buenos Aires180 li jipproponi dan li ġej: “bil-Pjan Verde ta’ Buenos Aires se nkunu qed inżidu, sas-sena 2034, aktar minn 1,000,000 metru kwadru ta’ aħdar pubbliku ġdid. spazji għal Buenos Aires”. Dan ifisser li sas-sena 2034, jekk iż-żona mibnija ma tinbidilx u dejjem skont dejta uffiċjali, il-belt ikollha 6.23 metri kwadri ta’ spazju aħdar għal kull abitant, ferm inqas mill-10 metri kwadri għal kull abitant issuġġeriti mill-WHO. Bit-tfassil ta’ kodiċi urban ġdid, il-gvern ta’ Horacio Rodríguez Larreta jipproponi li jirdoppja l-popolazzjoni attwali tal-belt.181 B’din il-proposta, il-belt se tgħaddi minn 3 miljun ruħ għal 6 miljuni. L-impatt ambjentali ta 'din il-miżura se jkun qawwi, iż-żona ħadra se tinżel mill-5.9 metri kwadri attwali għal kull abitant għal 2.95 metri kwadri, li titbiegħed aktar mill-minimu ta' 10 metri kwadri ta 'aħdar għal kull abitant rakkomandat mill-Organizzazzjoni Dinjija għas-Saħħa. ===Kanali tal-ilma mniġġsa/Polluted watercourses/Cursos de agua contaminados=== Il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires tmiss ma’ waħda mill-aktar xmajjar imniġġsa fuq il-pjaneta, ir-Riachuelo. Tmiss ukoll mar-Río de la Plata, li hija mniġġsa ħafna183 Skont AYSA, l-iskart tad-drenaġġ jintrema 2.5 km mill-kosta wara li jiġi ttrattat. 184 Fil-passat, fi ġranet sħan, il-porteños kellhom aktar spazji ħodor għal kull abitant u kellhom ukoll l-għażla li jibred fix-xmara.185 It-tniġġis tax-xmara kien qed ibaxxi l-kwalità tal-ħajja fil-belt ta’ Buenos Aires. ===Prijorità Pedestrian/Pedestrian Priority/Prioridad Peatón=== [[File:Calle Suipacha 100,.jpg|thumb|Steet/Triq Suipacha (Calle Suipacha), rinnovata waqt il-Proġett "Prijorità Pedonali". (1, old, 2 new)]] Dan il-pjan ġie implimentat ibbażat fuq pjan urban komprensiv biex jiġu rinnovati t-toroq taċ-ċentru tal-belt, imsejħa "Prijorità Pedestrian", bl-għan ġenerali li jiġi ottimizzat l-ispazju pubbliku, li kien jinkludi: ippjanar tat-traffiku u tat-trasport -restrizzjoni tal-użu ta 'toroq għaċ-ċirkolazzjoni tal-vetturi u l-użu ta’ toroq għaċ-ċirkolazzjoni ta’ pedonali—, iż-żieda fil-mogħdijiet tar-roti, l-ordni ta’ reklamar fil-ħwienet, ir-rinnovament ta’ faċċati ta’ bini storiku, it-tqegħid ta’ kontenituri taħt l-art biex tittejjeb l-indafa tat-toroq, ir-rinnovazzjoni tad-dwal billi Teknoloġija LED,187​188​189​190​ il-livellar tal-bankini mat-triq, it-tqegħid ta’ vireg fid-drenaġġ u l-installazzjoni ta’ bollards biex jiskoraġġixxu l-użu tal-karozzi. Twettqet permezz ta’ Pjanijiet u Programmi mis-Sottosegretarjat tal-Proġetti tal-Ippjanar Urban, Arkitettura u Infrastruttura, taħt il-Ministeru tal-Iżvilupp Urban, flimkien mal-amministrazzjoni tal-belt; mis-sena 2009 sal-2015. ==Gvern u amministrazzjoni/Government and administration/Gobierno y administración== ===Gvern lokali/Local Goverment/Gobierno Local=== [[File:Jornada La Humanización del Espacio Público.jpg|thumb|Konferenza "L-Umanizzazzjoni tal-Ispazju Pubbliku" tal-2008, organizzata mill-Ministeru tal-Iżvilupp Urban, taħt l-awspiċi tas-Soċjetà Ċentrali tal-Periti.]] [[File:BA city legislat logo.png|thumb|Leġiżlatura tal-Belt Awtonoma ta' Buenos Aires.]] [[File:Legislatura de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires - Recinto de Sesiones (4).jpg|thumb|Leġiżlatura tal-Belt Awtonoma ta' Buenos Aires.]] [[File:Buenos Aires Municipal Legislature.jpg|thumb|Leġiżlatura tal-Belt Awtonoma ta' Buenos Aires.]] [[File:Calle Florida Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|Qabel u wara Triq Florida, fil-Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires. Wara l-intervent tal-Umanizzazzjoni tal-Ispazju Pubbliku.]] Is-setgħa eżekuttiva tal-Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires, magħrufa bħala l-Gvern tal-Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires (GCABA jew GCBA) jew il-Kwartieri Ġenerali tal-Gvern tal-Belt Awtonoma ta’ Buenos Aires, hija eżerċitata minn kap tal-gvern elett b’vot popolari. f’rawnd doppju, li l-mandat tiegħu huwa ta’ erba’ snin u bil-possibbiltà ta’ elezzjoni mill-ġdid konsekuttiva għal mandat wieħed ieħor biss. Fil-passat, bl-eċċezzjoni ta 'intervalli qosra li fihom l-awtoritajiet muniċipali kienu taħt il-ġurisdizzjoni tal-gvern nazzjonali, jew kellhom xi awtonomija, kien il-Gvern tal-Provinċja ta' Buenos Aires li jikkontrolla l-belt. Malli saret dipendenti fuq in-Nazzjon, fl-1880, l-ogħla awtorità fi Buenos Aires saret sindku maħtur mill-President tan-Nazzjon, li kellu Kunsill Deliberattiv elett b’vot popolari. Madankollu, wara r-riforma kostituzzjonali Arġentina tal-1994, ġie miftiehem li Buenos Aires jingħata l-istatus ta’ belt awtonoma, u l-Kap tal-Gvern tagħha ġie elett, mill-1996, mill-abitanti tagħha, kull erba’ snin, flimkien ma’ viċi-kap li jippresiedi l-Leġiżlatura tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires magħmula minn 60 membru. Kull deputat idum erba’ snin fil-kariga, u l-leġiżlatura tiġġedded bin-nofs kull sentejn b’vot dirett mhux kumulattiv ibbażat fuq il-Liġi jew id-D'Hondt. Sistema . L-Artikolu 62 tal-Kostituzzjoni ta’ Buenos Aires jgħid li l-vot huwa ħieles, ugwali, sigriet, universali, obbligatorju u mhux kumulattiv. Barranin residenti jgawdu dan id-dritt, b’obbligi korrelattivi, taħt kundizzjonijiet ugwali bħaċ-ċittadini Arġentini rreġistrati f’dan id-distrett, skont it-termini stabbiliti bil-liġi.193 Fl-2015, sar tentattiv biex tiġi inkorporata s-Sistema Unika tal-Biljett Elettroniku, bil-għan li “tiggarantixxi sigurtà aħjar fl-iżvilupp tal-elezzjonijiet”. Il-Kap tal-Gvern jista’ jaħtar il-ministri u s-segretarji tiegħu skont il-Kostituzzjoni tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires imsemmija hawn fuq. Din il-kostituzzjoni tipprovdi wkoll għall-figura ta’ ministru koordinatur, iċ-Chief of Staff, li istituzzjonalment għandu r-rwol li japprova d-digrieti u l-amministrazzjoni tal-Baġit sanzjonat mil-Leġiżlatura. Fil-qasam tal-ġudikatura, skont il-Liġi 24588,195​ l-Imħallef tal-belt għandha ġurisdizzjoni biss f’materji kriminali, lokal, misdemeanors u misdemeanors, kwistjonijiet kontenzjużi-amministrattivi u fiskali lokali.​ Hija magħmula mill-Qorti Superjuri. tal-Ġustizzja, il-Kunsill tal-Maġistratura, il-Ministeru Pubbliku u l-Qrati differenti tal-belt. Madankollu, l-organizzazzjoni tagħha f'termini ta' awtonomija leġiżlattiva u ġudizzjarja hija inqas -f'termini legali- minn dik ta' kwalunkwe provinċja li tifforma r-Repubblika Arġentina. Il-ġustizzja fi kwistjonijiet tal-liġi komuni li tiġi mgħallma fil-belt hija rregolata mill-Ġudikatura Nazzjonali. Mill-2007, il-belt bdiet skema ġdida ta' deċentralizzazzjoni, bil-ħolqien ta' komuni ġodda, li għandhom jiġu ġestiti minn kumitati eletti ta' seba' membri kull wieħed. Kull wieħed minnhom għandu l-assi u l-baġit tiegħu. Is-sena ta’ wara, inħolqot il-Pulizija Metropolitana ta’ Buenos Aires, li bdiet uffiċjalment l-attivitajiet tagħha fil-5 ta’ Frar, 2010. ===Gvern nazzjonali/National Goverment/Gobierno Nacional=== Buenos Aires hija s-sede tal-Gvern tal-Arġentina, li tinsab madwar Casa Rosada. Ħafna mill-awtoritajiet li jiffurmaw il-gvern nazzjonali jgħixu fil-belt. Il-Kungress tan-Nazzjon Arġentin ġie inawgurat fl-1906, u huwa wieħed mill-akbar fl-Amerika. Fil-kungress Arġentin hemm 3 senaturi u 25 deputat li għandhom il-kariga f’isem il-belt, eletti permezz ta’ elezzjonijiet leġiżlattivi. <gallery> File:Casa Rosada Buenos Aires.JPG|Dar Roża/Pink House (Casa Rosada) File:Congreso-sol cupula-TM.jpg|Kungress tan-Nazzjon Arġentin/Congress of the Argentine Nation (Congreso de la Nación Argentina) File:Palacio de justicia.JPG|Qorti Suprema tal-Ġustizzja tan-Nazzjon Arġentin/Supreme Court of Justice of the Argentine Nation (Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación Argentina) </gallery> ==Infrastrutturi/Infraestructures/Infraestructuras== ===Saħħa/Health/Salud=== [[File:DefPuebloCABA - Hospital Cosme Argerich.jpg|thumb|Isptar Dr Cosme Argerich, fil-viċinat ta’ Buenos Aires ta’ La Boca]] Is-sistema tas-saħħa pubblika tal-belt tipprovdi kopertura għal 21.9% tal-popolazzjoni, ibbażata fuq stħarriġ li sar mill-gvern ta’ Buenos Aires.204 Il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires għandha 34 stabbiliment tal-isptar b’kura kompletament bla ħlas, li joperaw fi ħdan is-sistema tas-saħħa tal-istat. 90% tal-konsultazzjonijiet imwettqa fis-sistema tas-saħħa pubblika jsiru f’wieħed minn dawn l-istabbilimenti.204 Mill-konsultazzjonijiet imwettqa fl-isptarijiet, 55.6% jikkorrispondu għall-popolazzjoni li toqgħod fil-belt, filwaqt li 41.2% jikkorrispondu għar-residenti tal-provinċja. ta’ Buenos Aires u 3.2% lil residenti ta’ bliet oħra. Din is-sistema tal-kura primarja hija magħmula minn Ċentri tas-Saħħa, Ċentri Mediċi tal-Viċinat u Tobba tal-Kura Primarja. Iċ-Ċentri tas-Saħħa huma integrati, fost oħrajn, minn tobba ġenerali, pedjatri, psikologi u ħaddiema soċjali, peress li l-funzjoni tagħhom mhix biss il-kura, iżda wkoll l-eżekuzzjoni ta’ programmi ta’ prevenzjoni differenti. Iċ-Ċentri Mediċi tal-Viċinat (CMB) jaqdu l-istess funzjoni ta’ prevenzjoni u kura, iżda din il-kura u l-kunsinna ta’ mediċini b’xejn hija mmirata lejn setturi meqjusa bħala “f’riskju”. It-Tobba tal-Kura Primarja hija sistema deċentralizzata oħra, fejn it-tobba tal-isptarijiet jipprovdu kura u kunsinna ta’ medikazzjoni b’xejn fl-uffiċċji privati ​​tagħhom. Fost l-isptarijiet ta’ Buenos Aires, jistgħu jiġu enfasizzati dawk ġenerali, bħall-Isptar Fernández jew l-Isptar Argerich; dawk pedjatriċi bħall-Isptar Elizalde u dawk speċjalizzati f’diversi patoloġiji, bħall-Isptar tal-Onkoloġija Marie Curie. Il-belt għandha wkoll numru kbir ta 'kliniċi u uffiċċji privati, fejn l-Isptar Taljan (post fejn isiru ħafna mit-trapjanti tal-organi fl-Arġentina), il-Klinika Suizo Argentina u l-Isptar tal-Maternità, l-Isptar Universitarju tal-Fondazzjoni Favaloro, CEMIC (" Norberto Quirno" Edukazzjoni Medika u Riċerka Klinika) u FLENI (Fondazzjoni għall-Ġlieda kontra l-Mard Newroloġiku tat-Tfulija), fost oħrajn. Il-metropoli kellha rati baxxi ta 'twelid f'dawn l-aħħar deċennji meta mqabbla ma' ġurisdizzjonijiet oħra fil-pajjiż. Fl-2008, ġew irreġistrati 45,820 twelid, li taw rata ta’ twelid mhux raffinata ta’ 15.1‰. Kien hemm 32,074 mewt, b'rata ta 'mortalità mhux raffinata għolja ta' 10.5‰ (prodott ta 'struttura ta' popolazzjoni li qed tixjieħ). Bħala riżultat, jidher tkabbir veġetattiv baxx ħafna ta’ 4.6 ‰ (0.46%), simili għal dak osservat fil-pajjiżi Ewropej. ===Mortalità tat-tfal=== Il-mortalità tat-trabi hija indikatur li indirettament jirrifletti l-kundizzjonijiet soċjoekonomiċi ta’ soċjetà, u fuq kollox l-impatt tagħha fuq l-aktar setturi vulnerabbli. Fil-perjodu 1990-2007, ir-rata ta 'mortalità tat-trabi sofriet tnaqqis ta' 51%. Filwaqt li fl-1990 ir-rata kienet ta’ 16 għal kull elf, fl-2007 tnaqqset għal 7.9 għal kull elf. Iżda hemm vojt kbir ħafna fil-belt bejn in-nofsinhar u t-tramuntana: filwaqt li f'xi komuni fil-punent u fit-tramuntana tal-belt (Comunas 10, 11 u 12) ir-rata hija ħafna inqas mill-medja tal-belt (4.6 , 4.0). u 5.9, rispettivament), fil-komuni taż-żona tan-Nofsinhar (3, 4, 5, 8 u 9) ir-rata hija ħafna ogħla (8.9, 9.9, 8.5, 10.0 u 8.7, rispettivament). L-indikatur fl-2008 huwa kien 7.7‰, skont il-Ministeru Nazzjonali tas-Saħħa. ==Sigurtà/Segurity/Seguridad== Il-Ministru tal-Ġustizzja u s-Sigurtà tal-Belt ta' Buenos Aires huwa l-koordinatur taż-żona. ===Il-Pulizija tal-Belt u s-Sistema ta’ Sigurtà Pubblika Komprensiva/The City Police and the Comprehensive Public Security System/La Policía de la Ciudad y el Sistema Integral de Seguridad Pública=== [[File:Emblema de la Policía de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires.png|thumb|Il-Pulizija tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires, il-forza responsabbli mis-sigurtà.]] [[File:Agente prevencion ciudad.jpg|thumb|Aġent tal-prevenzjoni tal-belt skjerat fuq traċċa tal-iskola.]] Mill-1 ta’ Jannar 2017, Buenos Aires ilha taħt il-ġurisdizzjoni tal-Pulizija tal-Belt, li għandha persunal trasferit mill-Pulizija Federali, li qabel kienet topera, flimkien ma’ persunal mill-ex Pulizija Metropolitana, kif stabbilit mil-Liġi 5688 tal-Pubbliku Komprensiv. Sistema ta’ Sigurtà, sanzjonata fis-17 ta’ Novembru, 2016. Aġent tal-prevenzjoni tal-belt skjerat fuq traċċa tal-iskola. Il-belt għandha Sistema ta’ Sigurtà Pubblika Komprensiva, b’Ċentru ta’ Monitoraġġ Urban bil-kapaċità li jimmonitorja 24 siegħa kuljum il-kameras installati f’14-il park u pjazza fi Buenos Aires, fit-toroq ta’ madwar il-Kwartieri Ġenerali tal-Gvern u l-Leġiżlatura, id-Distrett Teknoloġiku, l-inħawi ta’ Plaza de Mayo u Plaza Naciones Unidas, fil-viċinanza tal-Fakultà tal-Liġi. Barra minn hekk, il-preżenza fit-toroq ta’ aġenti tal-Pulizija tal-Belt, Firefighters tal-Belt, aġenti tat-traffiku , prevenzjoni, park rangers u persunal ta’ emerġenza; li jagħti total, mit-12 ta’ Ġunju 2017, ta’ 36,137 truppa, meta mqabbla mat-32,987 fl-2016. Għandu wkoll ċirku diġitali magħmul minn qarrejja tal-pjanċa tal-liċenzja, li jirreġistraw id-dħul u l-ħruġ ta’ vetturi bil-mutur. Sa ċertu punt wara l-kriżi kbira tal-2001, il-kriminalità kibret notevolment fil-belt u ma reġgħetx waqgħet, minkejja t-tkabbir ekonomiku tas-snin ta’ wara, skont l-istatistika tal-gvern stess.210 Studju tal-opinjoni pubblika li sar mill-Università ta’ Belgrano fl-2012 jiżvela li 79% tal-abitanti tal-belt jemmnu li "bħalissa l-insigurtà hija għolja", sensazzjoni li żdiedet b'37 punt mill-2006. 80% ta' dawk mistħarrġa fl-imsemmi studju sostnew li l-insigurtà fil-belt kibret fl-2012 meta mqabbla mal-2012. is-sena ta’ qabel, li jirriżulta f’konsegwenzi li affettwaw il-kwalità tal-ħajja tagħhom. ==Transport/Transporte== [[File:GREATER BA RAIL NETWORK-b.png|thumb|Mappa tan-netwerk ferrovjarju.]] Il-kumplessità tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires teħtieġ trasport u sistema ta’ aċċess ugwalment kumplessa u estensiva għall-belt. Il-belt mhux biss teħtieġ sistema ta’ trasport għal dawk li jgħixu fiha, iżda wkoll għall-abitanti tal-agglomerazzjoni li jmorru l-belt prinċipalment għal raġunijiet ta’ xogħol. Mill-2009, SUBE bdiet tiġi implimentata progressivament, sistema mħallsa minn qabel li tippermettilek tħallas għal vjaġġi fuq karozzi tal-linja, subways, u ferroviji b'karta waħda. ===Trasport fuq l-art/Ground transpor/Transporte terrestre=== [[File:Colectivo161BA4.jpg|thumb|Xarabank mil-linja 161 li tiċċirkola fuq il-Metrobús.]] Xarabankijiet u sistema Metrobús/Buses and Metrobús system/Colectivos y sistema de Metrobús: L-aktar mezz ta 'trasport użat huwa l-karozza tal-linja, li b'aktar minn 135 linja fis-servizz mhux biss tgħaqqad partijiet differenti tal-belt iżda tilħaq ukoll distretti differenti tal-provinċja ġirien ta' Buenos Aires. Mill-31 ta’ Mejju 2011, ilu jaħdem il-Metrobús, sistema ta’ waqfiet u korsiji esklussivament għall-karozzi tal-linja, li bdiet minn Avenida Juan B. Justo, b’21 waqfa tul 12.5 kilometru bejn il-viċinat ta’ Palermo u Liniers.213 Fl-24 ta’ Lulju. , 2013, infetaħ kuritur ġdid fuq ir-rotta ta’ Avenida 9 de Julio214 u, tliet ġimgħat wara, ġiet inawgurata fergħa oħra li tgħaqqad l-Istazzjon Plaza Constitución mal-Pont La Noria. Sussegwentement, f’Ġunju 2015 ġie inawgurat kuritur ġdid, fuq Avenida Cabildo (in-naħa tal-Kapitali) u Avenida Maipú (in-naħa tal-Provinċja).215 F’April 2016, ġiet attivata l-karreġġjata esklussiva fuq Avenida San Martín, li tgħaqqad il-viċinat ta’ La Paternal u Villa Devoto. . Bħalissa qed jinbnew kurituri ġodda: fi Vjal Alem u Vjal Paseo Colón (Metrobús del Bajo), fuq Rotta Nazzjonali 3 (Metrobús la Matanza) u fuq Rotta Provinċjali 8 (Metrobús 3 de Febrero). ===Ferroviji/Trains/Trenes=== [[File:Banfield station.jpeg|thumb|Ferrovija tal-linja Roca fi stazzjon.]] Il-mezzi l-oħra kbar użati biex jaċċessaw il-belt huwa n-netwerk ferrovjarju, li għandu ċentru ċar fi Buenos Aires. Xi wħud minn dawn il-linji għandhom konnessjoni mas-subway, li tippermetti trasferiment relattivament fluwidu mis-subborgi ta’ Buenos Aires għal żoni differenti tal-belt.216 Il-ferroviji jintużaw ukoll minn nies tal-post bħala mezz ta’ vjaġġar rapidu fil-belt. ===Subway/Subte=== [[File:Img 8045 opcion b modif.jpg|thumb|Veduta tal-istazzjon San José de Flores fuq il-linja A.]] Is-Subway ta’ Buenos Aires għandha sitt linji operattivi (A, B, C, D, E, u H), li jammontaw għal total ta’ madwar 56.7 km ta’ mini għal servizz kummerċjali u 90 stazzjon.217 inawgurat fl-2013 l-estensjoni ta’ linja A sal-intersezzjoni ta’ Avenida Rivadavia ma’ toroq Nazca u San Pedrito fil-viċinat Flores218 u Linja B mill-istazzjon De los Incas - Parque Chas sal-viċinat ta’ Villa Urquiza.219 Il-linja E, fl-2019 ġiet estiża għal Retiro. Veduta tal-istazzjon San José de Flores fuq il-linja A. Huwa ppjanat il-bini ta’ tliet linji oħra: F, G u I, li magħhom il-linji li qed joperaw kienu jilħqu d-disgħa. Il-Linja A —inawgurata fl-1913— hija wkoll attrazzjoni turistika, talli kienet l-ewwel linja tas-subway mill-emisferu tan-nofsinhar. , mill-Amerika Latina u mid-dinja li titkellem bl-Ispanjol, minbarra li ppreservat erbatax mill-istazzjonijiet inawgurati bejn l-1913 u l-1914 fi stat prattikament oriġinali. ===Karozza tat-tròli/Trolley car/Tranvía=== It-tramm, għalkemm kien importanti ħafna fil-passat, bħalissa huwa biss attrazzjoni turistika li tinsab fil-viċinat Caballito. ===Presubway/Premetro=== [[File:Villa Lugano, estación "Centro cívico Lugano" de Premetro (septiembre 2008).jpg|thumb|Formazzjoni tal-premetro fl-istazzjon terminali tiegħu, iċ-Ċentru Ċiviku.]] Il-Premetro hija sistema ferrovjarja li tgħaddi mit-toroq tan-naħa t'isfel tal-belt. Ġie inawgurat fl-1987 bħala mod biex ikompli s-servizz tal-linja E fit-tarf tagħha f’direzzjoni SW. ===Light Rail/Light Train/Tren Ligero=== Dak iż-żmien, il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires kellha sistema ta’ ferroviji ħfief imsejħa Tranvía del Este li bdiet topera fl-2007 fil-viċinat ta’ Puerto Madero, u ġiet sospiża fl-2012. Il-Tren de la Costa, li tinsab fil-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires, hija ferrovija ħafifa turistika, inawgurata fl-1995 li tgħaddi 15.5 km minn distretti residenzjali eleganti paralleli mar-Río de la Plata, bejn l-istazzjonijiet ta 'Avenida Maipú, li jinsabu fil-belt ta' Olivos u Delta, f'Tigre. Formazzjoni tat-Tren de la Costa (Coast train). Fil-vjaġġ tiegħu ta '11-il stazzjon, jgħaddi mill-muniċipalitajiet ta' Vicente López, San Isidro, San Fernando u Tigre. ===Remís=== Remis hija sistema ta’ trasport li, b’differenza mit-taxis, tista’ tiġi kkuntattjata biss bit-telefon u għandha rata fissa. ===Taxi=== It-taxis jiċċirkolaw kontinwament mal-belt u fi ftit minuti tista’ tikseb waħda b’xejn għal 24 siegħa. Ġest bl-idejn huwa biżżejjed biex tieqaf u tkun tista 'tagħmel il-vjaġġ mixtieq. Is-sewwieqa tat-taxis huma dawk li jafu l-belt l-aktar, li jagħmel il-vjaġġ sikur u veloċi. It-taxi għandha 2 rati, waħda li tiġi applikata mis-6:00 a.m. sal-10:00 p.m. u l-bqija, l-hekk imsejħa rata ta’ 2 jew bil-lejl, li għandha surcharge ta’ 20%. Dejjem trid tħallas l-ammont indikat mill-arloġġ u f'pesos, billi żżid l-ispiża tan-nol f'każ li kien hemm wieħed matul il-vjaġġ. Is-sewwieq tat-taxi jista’ legalment japplika surcharge għal kull borża, bagalja jew pakkett u wkoll ir-ritorn, jekk jivvjaġġa barra l-belt, lejn il-Kapitali Federali jekk il-passiġġier ma jirritornax. ===Combis, charters u oħrajn/Combis, charters and others/Combis, chárteres y otros=== Il-combis jew charters għandhom ukoll żewġ terminals tagħhom stess: l-Obelisk Terminal u l-Puerto Madero Terminal, sabiex il-combis li jmorru minn u lejn Greater Buenos Aires ma jostakolawx it-traffiku fin-naħa t’isfel ta’ Buenos Aires, f’Avenida 9 de Julio. u l-Metrobus. Combis jintużaw minn nies li jaħdmu fil-belt u jgħixu fil-provinċja. ===Bike lanes/Bicisendas y Ciclovías=== Buenos Aires tikklassifika l-erbatax-il post minn 122 ċentru urban bħala waħda mill-ibliet l-aktar faċli fid-dinja biex jiċċaqilqu bir-rota, skont rapport mill-Copenhagenize Index Bliet favur ir-roti. F’dawn l-aħħar snin, il-bini ta’ korsiji tar-roti sar fl-aktar arterji importanti tal-belt u s-sistema Ecobici shared bicycle li taħdem awtomatikament. Buenos Aires għandha wkoll netwerk ta’ 269 kilometru ta’ korsiji għar-roti integrati u protetti, li jinkoraġġixxu l-użu tar-roti bħala mezz ta’ trasport, kif ukoll sistema ta’ kiri ta’ roti b’xejn. ===Terminals tal-karozzi tal-linja/Bus terminals/Terminales de Ómnibus=== Fit-trasport interurban tal-passiġġieri, jispikka t-Terminal tal-Bus Retiro, li minnu jitilqu servizzi pulman għall-intern tal-pajjiż u pajjiżi ġirien, u l-bus stop Liniers. F'Marzu 2017, it-tielet terminal tal-karozzi tal-linja fuq distanzi twal ġie inawgurat fil-viċinat ta' Villa Soldati, imsejjaħ Terminal Dellepiane, biex iservi ż-żona metropolitana. ===Freeways/Avenues/Autopistas=== [[File:Avenida General Paz entre Cabildo y Panamericana.jpg|thumb|General Paz Avenue hija awtostrada ta 'importanza kbira fil-fluss tal-karozzi bejn il-belt u l-provinċja ta' Buenos Aires.]] Il-belt għandha erba’ aċċessi għall-awtostradi, li huma miżjuda man-numru kbir ta’ aċċessi eżistenti, kemm jekk huma pontijiet jew toroq li jaqsmu Avenida General Paz. L-aċċessi għall-awtostrada huma l-Awtostrada Buenos Aires - La Plata, l-Awtostrada Ricchieri, l-Aċċess tal-Punent u l-Aċċess tat-Tramuntana. Skont studju tas-CNRT, il-ferrovija hija l-aktar mod mgħaġġel biex tasal mis-subborgi għaċ-ċentru tal-belt, segwita mill-qrib mill-karozza privata jew taxi, u fit-tielet post, ix-xarabank, bl-eċċezzjoni taż-żona tan-Nofsinhar, fejn l-ivvjaġġar bil-karozza huwa kemmxejn aktar mgħaġġel milli l-ivvjaġġar bil-ferrovija. Skont dan l-istess studju, il-ferrovija hija l-orħos mezz ta’ trasport, segwita mill-karozza tal-linja, u fl-aħħar nett, il-karozza. U jikkonkludi li l-ferrovija, għalkemm normalment tkun aktar mgħaġġla u orħos mill-karozza, il-problemi ta’ puntwalità fl-iskedi u l-kwalità tal-vjaġġ, ifissru li minkejja l-ispiża ogħla u anke dewmien probabbli, ħafna nies jagħżlu li jivvjaġġaw lejn il-kapitali. fil-karozza. ===Trasport tax-xmara/River transport/Transporte fluvial=== [[File:Buquebus silvia ana.jpg|thumb|Il-laneċ ta’ veloċità għolja tal-kumpanija Buquebus jgħaqqdu Buenos Aires mal-ibliet kostali tal-Urugwaj.]] Il-port ta’ Buenos Aires huwa l-akbar fil-pajjiż,228 u tradizzjonalment kien id-daħla marittima ewlenija għall-Arġentina. Bħalissa timmaniġġja 70 % tal-importazzjonijiet Arġentini u tikkonċentra madwar 40 % tal-kummerċ barrani totali tal-pajjiż. Iż-żona metropolitana ta 'Buenos Aires għandha wkoll l-istazzjon tax-xmara internazzjonali Domingo Faustino Sarmiento, li jinsab fil-belt ta' Tigre, li minnu jitilqu dgħajjes tat-taxi, dgħajjes kollettivi u katamarani turistiċi għal vjaġġi lejn il-gżejjer numerużi tad-delta tal-Paraná, lejn Carmelo, lejn Nueva Palmira u lejn Colonia (kollha jinsabu fir-Repubblika Orjentali tal-Urugwaj); Bl-istess mod, mill-imsemmi terminal fluvjali huwa possibbli li tasal f’Puerto Madero, fil-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires. ===Trasport bl-Ajru/Air transport/Transporte aéreo=== [[File:Aeropuerto Ministro Pistarini, Ezeiza, Buenos Aires, Argentina.jpg|thumb|L-Ajruport Internazzjonali Ministro Pistarini kien ikklassifikat bħala l-aħjar ajruport fir-reġjun minn Skytrax. Jinsab f'Ezeiza, barra l-limiti tal-belt, iżda jaqdi prinċipalment il-Kapitali Federali u ż-żona metropolitana.]] Il-belt u Greater Buenos Aires għandhom tliet ajruporti kummerċjali, ħamsa militari u tnejn privati.231 Iż-żewġ ajruporti kummerċjali huma l-Ajruport Internazzjonali Ministro Pistarini, fid-distrett ta’ Ezeiza, 35 kilometru mill-belt, u l-Ajruport Jorge Newbery fil-viċinat ta’ Palermo. Barra minn hekk, Buenos Aires għandha l-uniku ajruport bi prezz baxx fl-Amerika Latina, li huwa ddedikat għall-operazzjonijiet tal-linja tal-ajru low-cost Flybondi: huwa l-Ajruport ta 'El Palomar, li jinsab fis-subborgi ta' Buenos Aires. Dan l-ajruport għandu wkoll skopijiet militari. Mill-ajruport ta’ Ezeiza hemm titjiriet lejn l-Amerika t’Isfel kollha, l-Amerika ta’ Fuq, l-Ewropa, l-Afrika, l-Oċeanja u l-Asja.232 It-titjiriet domestiċi jitilqu l-aktar minn Aeroparque Jorge Newbery u sa ċertu punt jipprovdi servizzi internazzjonali lejn il-Paragwaj, il-Bolivja, iċ-Ċili, il-Brażil. u l-Urugwaj.233 Il-kodiċi tal-ajruport tal-IATA huma EZE (ajruport internazzjonali), AEP (ajruport Jorge Newbery) u EPA (El Palomar). ==Servizzi pubbliċi/Public Services/Servicios públicos== [[File:Aguas Corrientes-2011-TM.jpg|thumb|Palazz tal-Ilma (Water Palace/Palacio de Aguas Corrientes) għandha waħda mill-aktar arkitetturi eżuberanti fil-belt/has one of the most exuberant architectures in the city/es una de las arquietcturas más exuberantes de la ciudad]] [[File:Torre YPF.JPG|thumb|It-Torri YPF, kwartieri ġenerali tal-kumpanija taż-żejt Arġentina YPF/The YPF Tower, headquarters of the Argentine oil company YPF./La Torre YPF, sede de la petrolera argentina​ YPF]] Is-servizz tal-ilma ġieri u tad-drenaġġ kien amministrat mill-1993 sal-2006 mill-kumpanija Aguas Argentinas, f'Marzu 2006 il-konċessjoni tagħha ġiet itterminata. Biex jissostitwiha, l-Istat nazzjonali ħoloq il-kumpanija tal-istat Aguas y Saneamiento Argentinos (AYSA).235 Is-servizz huwa fornut minn żewġ impjanti tat-trattament tal-ilma, l-impjant General San Martín u l-impjant General Belgrano.236 It-Trattament tal-Ilma General San Martín. Impjant, inawgurat fl-1913, jinsab fil-viċinat ta’ Palermo, b’erja ta’ 28.5 ettaru u produzzjoni ta’ 3,100,000 m³ ta’ ilma kuljum. L-Impjant Ġenerali għat-Trattament tal-Ilma ta’ Belgrano jinsab fil-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires, fi il-belt ta’ Bernal. Ġie inawgurat fl-1978 u għandu erja tal-wiċċ ta’ 36 ettaru u produzzjoni ta’ 1,700,000 m³ kuljum. Is-servizz tal-gass naturali ilu jiġi fornut minn MetroGAS minn Diċembru 1992. Matul l-2006, tqassmu total ta’ 4,398,286,000 m³ ta’ gass, li kienu 1,031,385,000 m³ għal utenti residenzjali, 339,704,000 m³ għal Gass Naturali Kompressat għal utenti 1,031,385,000 m³ għal 1690,106 m³ għal kummerċjali. industriji, 2,629,972,000 m³ għal impjanti tal-enerġija u 55,007,000 m³ għal entitajiet uffiċjali. Electric service is provided by two companies: Edesur and Edenor. Edenor's coverage area is delimited by: Dock "D", street with no name, trace of the future Coastal Highway, extension of Pueyrredón Avenue, Córdoba Avenue, San Martín Railroad tracks, General San Martín Avenue, Zamudio, Tinogasta, Avenida General San Martín, Avenida General Paz and the Río de La Plata;240 while Edesur is in charge of the service in the rest of the city. According to provisional values ​​for 2004, the city generated 14,783,018 MWh, while it only consumed 9,689,504,241​. The main electric power production plant is the Costanera thermal power plant, located in the southern part of the port area, with an installed capacity of 2,304 MW. The fixed telephony service is provided by Telecom Argentina and Telefónica de Argentina. These companies have been in charge of providing the service since ENTel was privatized in 1990. By 2006, 1,604,750 telephone lines were in service, while by 2005 there were 9,491,787 mobile telephone subscribers. In addition, in 2006 there were 1,068,859 residential accesses to the Internet244 and 77,948 accesses from organizations.245 As for the cable television service, in 2006 there were 2,752,323 subscribers to it. Is-servizz tal-ġbir tal-iskart huwa organizzat f’sitt żoni ta’ ġbir, li fihom is-servizz jingħata minn kumpanija differenti. Fiż-Żona 1 (li tinkludi s-CGP l-antik 1, 2S, 2N u 3) is-servizz huwa pprovdut mill-kumpanija Cliba, fiż-Żona 2 (li tinkludi s-CGP l-antik 13, 14O u 14E) huwa pprovdut mill-kumpanija AESA, f’ Żona 3 (li tinkludi s-CGP l-antik 4, 5 u 6) is-servizz huwa pprovdut mill-kumpanija URBASUR, fiż-Żona 4 (li tinkludi s-CGP l-antik 7 u 10) is-servizz huwa pprovdut mill-kumpanija Níttida, fiż-Żona 5 (li jinkludi s-CGP l-antik 8 u 9) hija pprovduta mill-Entità għall-Iġjene Urbana247 u fiż-Żona 6 (li tinkludi s-CGP l-antik 11 u 12) hija pprovduta mill-kumpanija INTEGRA.248 Min-naħa tagħha, mill-2008 il-Ministeru tal-Ambjent u L-Ispazju Pubbliku jwettaq il-formalizzazzjoni tar-riċiklaturi urbani sabiex iwettaq l-irkupru ta 'materjali riċiklabbli f'kundizzjonijiet tax-xogħol deċenti, iġjeniċi u sikuri. Bħalissa, aktar minn 2,100 kollettur diġà qed jaħdmu mingħajr minorenni, b'uniformijiet, kredenzjali, riżorsi, u loġistika pprovduti mill-gvern tal-belt, fil-qafas tal-Liġi Żero Skart (Nru 1854) u 992 (kolletturi urbani). L-abitanti tagħha għandhom aċċess għoli għas-servizzi pubbliċi: 99.9% għandhom ilma tan-netwerk, l-istess numru għandhom elettriku tan-netwerk, 92.8% għandhom gass tan-netwerk, 99.6% għandhom dawl pubbliku, 99.3% bil-ġbir tal-iskart u 89.7% tad-djar għandhom servizz tat-telefon. Dawn iċ-ċifri jonqsu għall-popolazzjoni li tgħix fil-vilel, għalkemm l-abitanti kollha tagħha jirċievu ilma ġieri (inkluż il-vit pubbliku), 99.5% għandhom elettriku, 93.1% dawl pubbliku, 87.8% % tal-ġbir tal-iskart u 1.3% biss tal-gass regolari. ==Skjerament tal-Forzi Armati/Deployment of the Armed Forces/Despliegue de las Fuerzas Armadas== {| class="wikitable" |- |+ [[File:Argentine Army emblem.svg|20px]] [[Armata Arġentina]]<ref name="Detailed deployment of the Armed Forces">{{quote book|title=Defense White Paper 2015|sena= 2015| location=Arġentina|isbn=978-987-3689-25-3|page=Skjerament dettaljat tal-Forzi Armati|sinpp=si}}</ref> |- ! Unitajiet!! Abbrevjazzjoni!! Post |- | [[Persunal Ġenerali tal-Armata (Arġentina)|Persunal Ġenerali tal-Armata]] || EMGE || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | JEMGE Assistent Segretarju || SAJEMGE || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Kummissjoni tal-Evalwazzjoni tal-Akkwist tal-Armata || CECE || [[San Telmo (Buenos Aires)|San Telmo]] |- | Ispettorat Ġenerali tal-Armata || IGE || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Pjanijiet, Programmi u Baġit || DGPPP || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Amministrazzjoni u l-Finanzi || DGAF || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Affarijiet Legali || DGAJ || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Dipartiment tal-Kontabilità u l-Finanzi tal-EMGE || DCF || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | SUBJEMGE Segretarjat tal-Koordinazzjoni || SC&nbsp;SUBJEMGE || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Kwartieri Ġenerali tal-EMGE || {{Esd|Cu Ġenerali EMGE}} || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | [[Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Komunikazzjoni u t-Teknoloġija tal-Informazzjoni (Armata Arġentina)|Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Komunikazzjoni u t-Teknoloġija tal-Informazzjoni]] || DGCI || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Persunal u l-Benesseri || DGPB || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | [[Direttorat Ġenerali tas-Saħħa (Armata Arġentina)|Direttorat Ġenerali tas-Saħħa]] || SGD || [[Patricios Park (Buenos Aires)|Patricios Park]] |- | [[Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Intelligence (Armata Arġentina)|Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Intelligence]] || DĠ&nbsp;Icia || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | [[Direttorat tal-Inġiniera u l-Infrastruttura]] || DĠ II || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Direttorat Ġenerali għar-Riċerka u l-Iżvilupp || DGID || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | Direttorat Ġenerali ta' Organizzazzjoni u Duttrina || DGOD || [[Bini Libertador]] ([[Monserrat (Buenos Aires)|Monserrat]]) |- | [[Remonte u Ġestjoni Veterinarja]] || DRV || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Materjal (Armata Arġentina)|Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Materjal]] || DGM || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Direttorat tal-Affarijiet Storiċi tal-Armata]] || DAHE || [[San Telmo (Buenos Aires)|San Telmo]] |- | [[Direttorat tal-Edukazzjoni Pre-Universitarja tal-Armata]] || RIP || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | San Martín Anness Ġenerali{{Refn|group=lower-alpha|Dipendenti mill-[[Istitut Soċjali Militari]].}} || [[n/a]] || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Direttorat għall-Edukazzjoni mill-bogħod u t-Tagħlim Awtonomu]] || DEADIA || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Skola tal-Lingwi tal-Armata Arġentina]] || Ec&nbsp;Lingwi || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | Skola tal-Informatika tal-Armata || Ec&nbsp;Infor || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Sistema ta' Edukazzjoni mill-Distanza tal-Armata Arġentina]] || SEADEA || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Istitut Universitarju tal-Armata]] || SUI || [[San Telmo (Buenos Aires)|San Telmo]] |- | [[Fakultà tal-Armata|Fakultà tal-Armata «Maġġur Francisco Romero»]] || FIDI || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[High School of War (Arġentina)|High School of War «Logutenent Ġenerali Luis María Campos»]] || ESG || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Fakultà tal-Inġinerija tal-Armata|Fakultà tal-Inġinerija tal-Armata «Diviżjoni Ġenerali Manuel Nicolás Savio»]] || FIE || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Infantry Regiment 1 Patricians|Infantry Regiment 1 «Patricians»]] || RI&nbsp;1 || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Regiment of Grenadiers on Horseback|Regiment of Grenadiers on Horseback «Ġeneral San Martín»]] || RGC || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | Stakkament Militari «Dar tal-Gvern»{{Refn|name=RGC|group=lower-alpha|Dipendenti fuq [[Regiment of Grenadiers on Horseback «General San Martín»]].}} || {{Esd|Dest Thousand Government House}} || [[Pink House]] |- | [[Bord Mediku Reġjonali ta' Buenos Aires]] || JMR Buenos Aires || [[Patricios Park (Buenos Aires)|Patricios Park]] |- | [[Battaljun tal-Komunikazzjoni 602]] || {{Esd|B Com 602}} || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Isptar Militari Ċentrali (Arġentina)|Isptar Militari Ċentrali «Sindku Cirujano Dr. Cosme Argerich»-Isptar Ġenerali 601]] || {{Esd|H Grl 601-HMC}} || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |- | [[Isptar Militari Campo de Mayo|Isptar Militari Campo de Mayo «L-Ewwel Kirurgu Dr. Juan Madera»-Isptar Ġenerali 602]] || {{Esd|H Grl 602-HMCM}} || [[Palermo (Buenos Aires)|Palermo]] |} ===Edukazzjoni/Education/Educación=== [[File:Palacio Pizzurno.jpg|thumb|Palazz Pizzurno, kwartieri ġenerali tal-Ministeru tal-Edukazzjoni/Pizzurno Palace, headquarters of the Ministry of Education/Palacio Pizzurno, sede del Ministerio de Educación]] Il-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires għandha l-inqas rata ta’ illitteriżmu fir-Repubblika Arġentina, billi hija 0.45% fost dawk li għandhom aktar minn 10 snin.252 Skont stħarriġ li sar mid-Direttorat Ġenerali tal-Istatistika u Ċensimenti fl-2006,251 ir-rata ta’ skola skont il-livell hija ta’ 96.5% għal-livell inizjali (5 snin) u 98.6% għal-livell primarju (6 sa 12-il sena) u 87.0% għal-livell medju (13 sa 17-il sena). Barra minn hekk, in-numru ta’ studenti rreġistrati qed ikompli jiżdied, u laħaq is-656,571 student f’2,318-il stabbiliment matul l-2006. Fl-2013, kien hemm reġistrazzjoni akbar fl-iskejjel primarji pubbliċi, ireġġgħu lura 10 snin ta 'battalja fil-belt u sar l-uniku distrett fil-pajjiż li kiseb tnaqqis fit-telf ta' reġistrazzjoni meta mqabbel ma 'istituti privati, madankollu r-reġistrazzjoni fl-iskola sekondarja pubblika għadha kompliet nieżla dik is-sena. Buenos Aires għandha numru kbir ta’ stabbilimenti edukattivi. Ħlief fil-każ ta’ skejjel primarji fejn hemm aktar stabbilimenti statali, in-numru ta’ stabbilimenti privati ​​huwa akbar. Madankollu, in-numru ta’ studenti rreġistrati fi stabbilimenti edukattivi mmexxija privatament huwa ftit inqas minn dak reġistrat f’istituzzjonijiet statali. Il-belt tirċievi wkoll studenti li jgħixu fil-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires, matul l-2005 il-persentaġġ ta’ studenti residenti f’dik il-provinċja li attendew skejjel tal-istat kien ta’ 4.5% fil-livell inizjali, 11.8% fil-livell sekondarju primarju, 19.5% fis-sekondarju. livell. ===Edukazzjoni primarja u sekondarja/Primary and secondary education/Educación primaria y secundaria=== [[File:Colegio Nacional Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|Il-Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires huwa wieħed mill-istituti edukattivi l-aktar prestiġjużi fil-pajjiż u fl-Amerika Latina/El Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires es uno de los institutos educativos más prestigiosos del país y de América Latina./The Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires is one of the most prestigious educational institutes in the country and in Latin America.]] L-edukazzjoni inizjali tikkorrispondi għall-perjodu bejn 45 jum u 5 snin. Il-Kindergartens huma responsabbli għall-edukazzjoni tal-minuri bejn 45 jum u sentejn jew 3 snin, skont l-istabbiliment. L-hekk imsejħa Skejjel tat-trabi jkopru l-perjodu kollu, bejn 45 jum u 5 snin. L-edukazzjoni primarja tkopri minn 6 sa 12-il sena tal-minuri, u hija obbligatorja fir-Repubblika Arġentina kollha. It-tieni lingwa hija mgħallma f’dawk kollha, f’dawk tal-maniġment uffiċjali biss mir-raba’ grad (l-Ingliż fl-istituzzjonijiet ta’ ġurnata waħda; u l-Ingliż, il-Franċiż jew it-Taljan f’dawk full-time), għalkemm hemm 22 stabbiliment multilingwi f’ il-belt, fejn Minbarra l-Ispanjol, l-Ingliż, il-Franċiż, il-Ġermaniż, il-Portugiż jew it-Taljan huma mgħallma. L-edukazzjoni sekondarja hija maħsuba għal minorenni ta’ bejn it-13 u t-18-il sena, tista’ tilħaq 19-il sena f’xi modalitajiet, u hija organizzata f’ċiklu bażiku li jinkludi l-ewwel 3 snin, u ċiklu ta’ speċjalizzazzjoni li jinkludi l-perjodu li jifdal (sa 19-il sena biss. fl-iskejjel tekniċi). B’differenza minn ħafna provinċji, il-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires żammet l-iskejjel tekniċi tagħha, u permezz tal-Liġi 898254 ġie stabbilit li l-livell medju ta’ edukazzjoni huwa obbligatorju. Xi skejjel huma dipendenti fuq l-Università ta’ Buenos Aires, bħall-Instituto Libre de Segunda Enseñanza. , l-Iskola Għolja tal-Kummerċ Carlos Pellegrini u l-Kulleġġ Nazzjonali ta’ Buenos Aires; Filwaqt li oħrajn huma dipendenti fuq il-Gvern tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires, bħall-Iskola Teknika Otto Krause u l-Iskola Teknika Raggio. ===Edukazzjoni ogħla/Upper education/Educación superior=== [[File:|thumb|Logo de/of/ta' la Università ta’ Buenos Aires/University of Buenos Aires (Universidad de Buenos Aires).]] Il-belt hija dar għal xi wħud mill-universitajiet l-aktar importanti fil-pajjiż, inklużi l-modalitajiet differenti ta 'edukazzjoni terzjarja. Buenos Aires hija belt b'piż kbir fil-livell reġjonali f'termini ta' edukazzjoni ogħla. Il-konsulenza Ingliża Top Universities fi studju tal-2013 qieset il-belt bħala l-aqwa belt għall-istudenti fl-Amerika Latina. Fis-sena akkademika 2014, il-belt kellha popolazzjoni universitarja ta’ madwar nofs miljun student, madwar wieħed minn kull tlieta minn madwar il-pajjiż kollu, li minnhom 68.4% tal-istudenti attendew universitajiet pubbliċi. Bit-308, student tagħha, l-Università ta’ Buenos Aires (UBA), li hija pubblika, hija l-akbar università edukattiva wiċċ imb wiċċ fl-Amerika Latina kollha. Din twaqqfet fit-12 ta’ Awwissu]], 1821 u hija maqsuma f’żewġ artijiet —il-Belt Università u ċ-Ċentru Universitarju Patern Reġjonali— li jiġbor bosta mill-entitajiet akkademiċi tiegħu, b’total ta’ tlettax-il fakultà. L-ewwel sena tal-karrieri kollha hija magħmula miċ-Ċiklu Bażiku Komuni (CBC), li jrid jiġi approvat. biex tidħol fil-fakultà korrispondenti. L-Università għandha wkoll tmien ċentri universitarji reġjonali, ħmistax-il mużew u ħames unitajiet ta 'assistenza. Kull wieħed minn dawn il-membri tal-Università ta’ Buenos Aires għandu l-proċeduri ta’ ammissjoni tiegħu u l-premjijiet tiegħu għall-istudji li jgħallmu. Għal bosta snin issa, l-Università ta 'Buenos Aires ġiet ikklassifikata skond klassifiki internazzjonali differenti u prestiġjużi bħala l-aqwa università tal-Amerika Latina u li titkellem bl-Ispanjol, li tintegra l-klabb elite magħżul tal-aqwa 100 università fid-dinja. Fil-belt hemm ukoll istituzzjonijiet oħra ta’ edukazzjoni ogħla barra l-Università ta’ Buenos Aires, inklużi l-Università Caece, l-Università ta’ Palermo, l-Università Kattolika Arġentina, l-Iskola Nawtika Nazzjonali Manuel Belgrano, l-Università ta’ Salvador, l-Università ta’ Belgrano, Istitut Teknoloġiku ta 'Buenos Aires, l-Università tan-Negozju Arġentina, l-Università Torcuato Di Tella, li huma privati. Hemm ukoll il-kwartieri ġenerali ewlenin tal-Università Teknoloġika Nazzjonali, l-Università Nazzjonali ta 'Tres de Febrero, u hemm xi kwartieri ġenerali tal-Università Nazzjonali ta' General San Martín (Arġentina) li huma pubbliċi bħall-UBA. Hemm xi terzjarji dipendenti fuq il-belt bħall-Istitut Ogħla tal-Għalliema "Dr. Joaquín V. González", kif ukoll istituti ddedikati għall-arti bħall-Università Nazzjonali tal-Arti jew l-Iskola Ogħla tal-Belle Arti. ==Reliġjonijiet/Religion/Religiones== ===Libertà tal-qima/Freedom of worship/Libertad de culto=== Bħal fil-pajjiż kollu, il-libertà tal-qima taċ-ċittadin ta’ Buenos Aires hija garantita mill-Artikolu 14 tal-kostituzzjoni nazzjonali, għalkemm l-Istat jirrikonoxxi karattru preeminenti lill-Knisja Kattolika, li għandha status legali differenti meta mqabbla ma’ knejjes oħra. u l-qrar. ===Segwaċi ewlenin/Main followers/Principales seguidores=== [[File:Despedida Papa Francisco (19349217748).jpg|thumb|Il-Papa Franġisku, imwieled fi Buenos Aires, sar l-ewwel Papa Amerikan mill-Knisja Kattolika.]] Skont l-istħarriġ ipprovdut mill-CONICET dwar is-sitwazzjoni reliġjuża skont ir-reġjuni Arġentini differenti fl-2008, Buenos Aires, li hija parti mir-reġjun tal-Gran Buenos Aires u l-Kapitali Federali, għalkemm hija l-aktar reġjun indifferenti lejn ir-reliġjon bi 18.0% , il-Kattoliċi huma 69.1% tal-popolazzjoni. Filwaqt li huwa r-raba 'qasam ta' evangelicals b'9.1%. Minħabba l-passat tal-immigrazzjoni tiegħu u l-kurrenti tal-immigrazzjoni attwali differenti, huwa fejn il-massimu tar-reliġjonijiet minoritarji huma kkonċentrati bi 2.3%. [[File:|thumb|Sinagoga tal-Kongregazzjoni Iżraelita Arġentina li tinsab fejn kienet l-ewwel sinagoga tal-belt fl-1897/Synagogue of the Argentine Israelite Congregation located where it was the first synagogue of the city in 1897/Sinagoga de la Congregación Israelita Argentina ubicada donde fue la primera sinagoga de la ciudad en 1897.]] Ħafna mill-porteños jiddikjaraw lilhom infushom professuri tar-reliġjon Kattolika. L-Arċisqof ta’ Buenos Aires, bħalissa l-Kardinal Mario Aurelio Poli, huwa l-Primat tal-Knisja Kattolika fl-Arġentina.262 L-Arċisqof ta’ Buenos Aires preċedenti kien Jorge Mario Bergoglio li, mit-13 ta’ Marzu 2013, huwa l-Papa Franġisku attwali. Jorge Mario Bergoglio huwa l-ewwel Papa Ġiżwita, l-ewwel mill-emisferu tan-Nofsinhar u l-ewwel mhux Ewropew minn meta s-Sirjan Girgor III ―miet fl-[[741―. Minkejja t-tradizzjoni Kattolika twila tagħha, l-Arġentina għandha biss żewġ qaddisin rikonoxxuti: il-martri Héctor Valdivielso Sáez (1910-1934) u s-saċerdot djoċesan José Gabriel Brochero (1840-1914), l-ewwel imwieled fi Buenos Aires. Fil-belt ukoll hemm numru sinifikanti ta’ tempji evanġeliċi jew Protestanti li jirrappreżentaw 9.1% tal-popolazzjoni. Il-Ġudaiżmu huwa t-tieni reliġjon l-aktar prattikata fil-belt wara l-Kristjaneżmu. Il-popolazzjoni Lhudija fl-Arġentina hija l-akbar fl-Amerika Latina, it-tielet l-akbar fil-kontinent, u s-seba 'l-akbar fid-dinja barra l-Iżrael. Mill-2006, popolazzjoni ta’ madwar 184,500 Lhudi kienet stmata skont xi stimi, 263 oħrajn ibbażati fuq rapport mill-JOINT264 (jew JDC: Jewish Joint Distribution Committee) ibbażat fuq kampjun ta’ 30,000 dar, stmat (fl-2005) 233,000 Lhudi. fi u madwar Buenos Aires, ibbażat fuq id-definizzjoni ta’ Lhudi skont il-Liġi tar-Ritorn ta’ Iżrael. Reliġjonijiet oħra taʼ importanza huma x- Xhieda taʼ Jehovah u l- Mormons, filwaqt li parti kbira oħra tal- popolazzjoni tqis lilha nnifisha atea jew agnostika. [[File:Mezquita Centro Cultural Islámico Rey Fahd Buenos Aires 02.JPG|thumb|Ċentru Kulturali Iżlamiku Re Fahd f’Palermo.]] Bl-istess mod, il-belt għandha l-preżenza ta 'xi moskej, li huma ċ-Ċentru Kulturali Iżlamiku King Fahd, li jinsab fil-viċinat ta' Palermo, l-akbar mezquita/moskea/mosque fl-Arġentina u l-Amerika Latina. ==Ekonomija/Economy/Economía== [[File:Puerto Madero, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 29th. Dec. 2010 - Flickr - PhillipC (1).jpg|thumb|Port/Porto/Puerto Madero.]] Fl-2008, il-Prodott Gross Ġeografiku (PBG) tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires kien ta’ madwar 460,455 miljun pesos Arġentini (ARS), li jirriżulta fi $80,400 (peso Arġentin) per capita.265 Id-dħul, madwar US$ 24,900 (dollaru Amerikan) kull capita, kienet ferm ogħla mir-rata nazzjonali għal dik is-sena u tpoġġi l-belt bit-tieni l-ogħla dħul per capita fl-Amerika Latina f’termini nominali, wara l-Belt tal-Messiku.266 Dan, minħabba r-rata tal-kambju relattivament żvalutata tal-peso Arġentina, tippreżenta distorsjonijiet importanti, peress li, meta wieħed iqis il-poter tal-akkwist, Buenos Aires għandha l-ogħla prodott per capita fir-reġjun tal-Amerika Latina.267 Il-PGD reali kiber fl-2006 bi 11.4% meta mqabbel mal-2005. Is-settur ekonomiku ewlieni ta’ Buenos Aires huwa s-settur tas-Servizzi, li jirrappreżenta 78% tal-PGD tiegħu f’termini kostanti, ferm ogħla mis-56% fuq livell nazzjonali. L-aktar fergħat importanti huma proprjetà immobbli, IT, servizzi professjonali, negozju u servizzi ta’ kiri, u servizzi ta’ intermedjazzjoni finanzjarja. Wieħed mill-aktar setturi dinamiċi kien il-kostruzzjoni, peress li n-numru ta' permessi għall-bini żdied b'44%, bil-komuni 6, 8 u 11 huma l-aktar li qed jikbru b'164%, 132% u 130% rispettivament. L-influwenza tas-settur fil-PBG laħqet is-7.48 biljun pesos fl-2006. Rigward is-servizzi finanzjarji, Buenos Aires tiġġenera 70% tal-valur miżjud tan-Nazzjon. Hija tikkonċentra 53% tad-depożiti bankarji u 60% tas-self lis-settur privat mhux finanzjarju, li jammontaw għal 90,446 u 53,567 miljun pesos, rispettivament.265 Barra minn hekk, 90% tal-istituzzjonijiet finanzjarji tal-pajjiż għandhom il-kwartieri ġenerali tagħhom f’din il-belt. L-industrija tal-manifattura tirrappreżenta 20.2% tal-PGD. Is-settur sofra żieda ta’ 10% meta mqabbel mas-sena ta’ qabel, u l-oġġetti li rreġistraw l-akbar żieda fl-attività huma l-mediċini, il-prodotti kimiċi u l-ħwejjeġ, li qabżu l-14%. Il-kategoriji ta’ “Ikel, xorb u tabakk”, “Mediċini għall-użu mill-bniedem” u “Karta u stampar” jikkonċentraw 60 % tad-dħul tas-settur. <gallery> File:Buenos Aires - Bolsa de Comercio.jpg|Bini tal-Borża ta’ Buenos Aires/Building of the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange/Edificio de la Bolsa de Comercio de Buenos Aires.. File:Banco de la Nación Argentina, Buenos Aires, 29th. Dec. 2010 - Flickr - PhillipC.jpg|Bank tan-Nazzjon Arġentin quddiem il-Plaza de Mayo/Bank of the Argentine Nation in front of the Square of May/Banco de la Nación Argentina frente a la Plaza de Mayo. File:Buenos Aires 2.0.jpg|Port/Porto/Puerto Madero. </gallery> F'dawn l-aħħar snin, il-belt saret ċentru turistiku, speċjalment minħabba t-tnaqqis fl-ispejjeż li l-iżvalutar tal-peso pproduċiet għall-viżitaturi barranin. Bejn l-2002 u l-2004 in-numru ta’ stabbilimenti tal-lukandi żdied b’10.7%, filwaqt li r-rata ta’ kmamar okkupati kellha żieda sinifikanti ta’ 42.9%.269 Fil-belt hemm żvilupp importanti tas-settur tas-servizzi tal-kompjuter. Madwar 70% tal-kumpaniji li jiġġeneraw is-softwer huma installati fil-Belt ta 'Buenos Aires, li fil-livell nazzjonali jesportaw aktar minn 940 miljun dollaru.265 Il-Port ta' Buenos Aires huwa l-akbar fil-pajjiż u jamministra 9.7 miljun tunnellata ta 'merkanzija kull sena. ==Turiżmu/Tourism/Turismo== [[File:Aerial view - Recoleta, Buenos Aires.jpg|thumb|Viċinat Recoleta u fiċ-ċentru, il-Floralis Generica.]] L-Arġentina hija fost l-aktar pajjiżi li jżuruha nies fl-Amerika t’Isfel u, min-naħa tagħha, Buenos Aires għandha 5.5 miljun żjara fis-sena. Buenos Aires hija belt popolata u hija fost l-20 destinazzjoni preferuta fid-dinja. [[File:High-rises of Puerto Madero (40022145164).jpg|thumb|Viċinat Port/Porto/Puerto Madero.]] [[File:Buenos Aires Bus (8906026530).jpg|thumb|Buenos Aires Bus.]] L-aktar turistiċi importanti lokalizzati-pajjiż storiku tal-belt, settur iffurmat prattikament mill-inħawi ta’ Monserrat u San Telmo. Il-belt begin tinbena madwar il-Plaza Sindku (illum Plaza de Mayo), u fl-inħawi ġew installati l-iżvilupp tal-Kolonja. Fil-Lvant tal-Plaza tista’ tara l-Casa Rosada, il-kwartieri ġenerali attwali tal-Poter Eż akkwist tal-Arġentina, fejn kien hemm il-Forti. Fit-tramuntana tal-Plaza hemm il-Katidral Metropolitan, li jokkupa l-istess post sa minn żminijiet kolonjali, u l-bini tal-Banco de la Nación Argentina, li l-plott li għandu jħaddem l-istess post ta' Juan de Garay. Istituzzjoni kolonjali importanti oħra oħra il-Cabildo, li għandu fil-punent, li ma ippreservat fil-forma li jipproduċi peress li parti mill-istruttura li tgħaqqad biex Julio Avenida de Mayo u d-diagonali A. Roca. [[File:Atardecer en el Congreso de la Nación Argentina.jpg|thumb|Palazz tal-Kungress Nazzjonali/National Congress Palace/Palacio del Congreso de la Nación.]] Fin-nofsinhar tista' tara l-bini tal-Kungress Nazzjonali l-antik, fejn bħalissa topera l-Akkademja Nazzjonali tal-Istorja. U fl-aħħarnett, lejn il-majjistral tista’ tara l-Kwartieri Ġenerali tal-Gvern tal-Belt, avvanza lejn May Avenue (Avenida de Mayo). May Avenue (Avenida de Mayo) hija meqjusa bħala l-Assi Ċiviku, peress li tgħaqqad il- Dar Roża/Pink House (Casa Rosada) mal-Palazz tal-Kungress, kwartieri ġenerali tal-Poter Eżekuttiv u l-Poter Leġiżlattiv/Legislative Power (Poder Legislativo), rispettivament. Tul din l-avenue tista' tara xi binjiet ta' interess kulturali, arkitettoniku u storiku kbir: il-Dar tal-Kultura/Culture House (Casa de la Cultura), il-Palazz Barolo Palace (Palacio Barolo) u l-Cafè Tortoni, fost l-oħrajn. Taħt din l-avenue tgħaddi l-Linja A tas-subway ta' Buenos Aires li, meta ġiet inawgurata fl-1913, saret l-ewwel fl-Amerika Latina. Meta tasal fit-tarf tal-arterja, tista’ tara sett ta' kwadri, imżejna b’diversi monumenti u skulturi, fosthom kopja ffirmata ta’ Il-Ħsieb ta’ Rodin. Fil-viċinanza ta’ dawn il-pjazez hemm il-Palazz tal-Kungress u l-bini tal-Confitería El Molino. Fiċ-Ċentru Storiku tista' wkoll iżżur il-Manzana de las Luces. Hemm diversi bini ta' valur storiku kbir, bħall-Knisja ta' Saint Ignacius (São/San Ignacio) u l-kwartieri ġenerali tal-Kulleġġ Nazzjonali ta’ Buenos Aires. Fuq il-blokka tista’ tara l-mini moħbija li kienu jgħaddu minn ġol-belt fi żmien il-kolonjali u tista’ wkoll iżżur il-bini fejn il-Kunsill Deliberattiv kien jaħdem mill-1894 sal-1931. Fl-inħawi ta' Saint Telmo (São/San Telmo) tista' żżur Plaza Dorrego, fejn kull nhar ta' Ħadd issir il-famuża Fiera tal-Antikitajiet. Barra minn hekk, fil-qrib jinsabu diversi ħwienet tal-antikitajiet u kumpless tal-Ġiżwiti magħmul mill-knisja ta’ Nuestra Señora de Bethlem, il-Parroċċa ta' San Pedro Telmo u l-Mużew Penitenzjarju “Antonio Ballve”. Fiż-żona hemm ukoll il-Mużew Storiku Nazzjonali u l-Park Lezama, fejn kienu miżmuma diversi skulturi u monumenti. Fil-viċinat ta' Recoleta hemm numru kbir ta' siti turistiċi u ħafna li għandhom ukoll valur kulturali kbir. Hemmhekk tista’ ssib il-kwartieri ġenerali ewlenin tal-Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Belle Arti, il-Librerija Nazzjonali, il-floralis ġeneriku, fost oħrajn. <gallery> File:20060128 - Catedral Metropolitana de Buenos Aires.jpg|Il-Katidral Metropolitan kien l-ewwel tempju Kattoliku mibni fil-belt/The Metropolitan Cathedral was the first Catholic temple built in the city/La Catedral Metropolitana fue el primer templo católico construido en la ciudad. File:Recoleta-tower-TM.jpg|Fiċ-Ċimiterju ta' Recoleta, b'dettall arkitettoniku abbundanti, huma midfuna figuri kbar tal-istorja Arġentina/In the Recoleta Cemetery, with abundant architectural detail, great figures of Argentine history are buried/En el Cementerio de la Recoleta, de abundante detalle arquitectónico, se hallan sepultados grandes personajes de la historia argentina. File:LaBoca ST 98.jpg|Caminito, La Boca File:Caminito - Entrada.jpg|La Boca File:Puerto La Boca Riachuelo Transbordador.jpg|La Boca File:La Bombonera.jpg|La Boca File:Puente de la mujer Buenos Aires Argentina.JPG|Il-Pont tan-Nisa bil-lejl/The Women's Bridge at night/El Puente de la Mujer de noche. File:Planetario Galileo Galilei Palermo Argentina.jpg|El Planetario/The Planetary/Il-Planetarium Galileo Galilei File:MALBA-interior-TM.jpg|Inner/Interior del/ta' MALBA File:Inauguración Usina de las Artes.jpg|Usina ta' Arti, ċentru kulturali u ta' divertiment/Usina of Art a cultural and entertainment center/Usina del Arte un centro cultural y de espectáculos. File:Foyer Usina de las Artes.jpg|Foyer ta' Usina ta' Arti, matul il-lejl/Usina of Art, overnight/Usina del Arte, durante la noche. File:|Ġabra tal-Arti Fortabat/Fortabat Art Collection/Colección de Arte Fortabat. </gallery> ==Kultura/Culture/Cultura== [[File:|thumb|Bini taċ-Ċentru Navali/Navy Center Building/Edificio del Centro Naval.]] Il-kultura tal-belt ta' Buenos Aires taqsam ħafna karatteristiċi mal-kultura taż-żona ta' Río de la Plata. Mhux biss jaqsmu karatteristiċi idjomatiku (billi l-istess djalett huwa użat fir-reġjun, River Plate Spanjol), iżda jaqsmu l-għeruq diversi ħafna li ffurmaw il-kultura tar-reġjun. Id-diversità hija mogħtija mill-għadd kbir ta 'immigranti li waslu fir-reġjun matul is-sekli 19 u 20, li biddel Buenos Aires fi melting pot kulturali. Buenos Aires hija waħda mill-metropoli kulturali ewlenin tal-Punent. L-iżvilupp kulturali jidher fin-numru kbir ta’ mużewijiet, teatri u libreriji li jistgħu jinstabu fil-belt. Tispikka wkoll għall-industrija tal-pubblikazzjoni tagħha u talli għandha l-identità kulturali tagħha stess, riflessa f’manifestazzjonijiet bħall-filetting, lunfardo, tango, mate u l-karnivals ta’ Buenos Aires. Għandu wkoll offerta turistika importanti u postijiet numerużi x'jżuru. ===Mużewijiet u libreriji/Museums and libraries/Museos y bibliotecas=== Il-gvern tal-Belt jamministra għaxar mużewijiet li jkopru temi differenti: mill-Mużew tal-Arti Plastika Eduardo Sívori sal-Istorja, il-Mużew Storiku Cornelio de Saavedra ta’ Buenos Aires, u l-Mużew taċ-Ċinema Pablo Ducrós Hicken. Hemm ukoll ħafna mużewijiet dipendenti fuq il-Gvern Nazzjonali bħall-Mużew Casa Rosada, il-Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Belle Arti, il-Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Arti Dekorattiva, il-Mużew Arġentin tax-Xjenzi Naturali jew fondazzjonijiet bħall-Mużew tal-Arti tal-Amerika Latina ta’ Buenos Aires. . Il-belt għandha 26 librerija pubblika li għandhom 317,583 kopja. Barra minn hekk, hemm ħafna libreriji dipendenti fuq il-Poteri differenti tan-Nazzjon, kif ukoll l-universitajiet differenti li jinsabu fil-Kapitali. <gallery> File:Malba1.jpg|Mużew tal-Arti tal-Amerika Latina ta' Buenos Aires/Museum of Latin American Art of Buenos Aires/Museo de Arte Latinoamericano de Buenos Aires. File:MNBA.JPG|Mużew nazzjonali tal-arti/National museum of fine arts/Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes. File:Centro Cultural Recoleta.jpg|Ċentru Kulturali Recoleta/Recoleta Cultural Center/Centro Cultural Recoleta. </gallery> ===Industrija editorjali/Editorial industry/Industria editorial=== [[File:|thumb|Il-ħanut tal-kotba El Ateneo ntgħażlet bħala t-tieni l-isbaħ ħanut tal-kotba fid-dinja/The El Ateneo bookstore was chosen as the second most beautiful bookstore in the world/La librería El Ateneo fue elegida la segunda librería más hermosa del mundo.]] Il-metropoli hija wkoll distinta bħala l-akbar ċentru ta 'pubblikazzjoni fil-pajjiż, peress li l-pubblikaturi l-aktar importanti jgħixu hemmhekk, u hija wkoll il-belt fejn il-gazzetti u rivisti bl-akbar ċirkolazzjoni huma ppubblikati. Pereżempju, Clarín hija l-gazzetta bl-akbar ċirkolazzjoni fl-Arġentina, u hija wkoll waħda mill-aktar imqassma fid-dinja li titkellem bl-Ispanjol, b’ċirkolazzjoni medja ta’ 300,837 kopja kuljum f’Ġunju 2010.275 It-tieni bl-akbar ċirkolazzjoni (medja. ta’ 160,000 kopja mit-Tnejn sas-Sibt u 250,000 nhar ta’ Ħadd) hija La Nación, li hija waħda mill-eqdem fuq il-pjaneta, l-ewwel ħarġa tagħha ġiet ippubblikata fl-4 ta’ Jannar 1870. L-industrija tal-pubblikazzjoni fi Buenos Aires hija waħda mill-aktar kompetittivi fir-reġjun. Skont il-World Cities Culture Forum, Buenos Aires hija l-belt fid-dinja bl-aktar ħwienet tal-kotba per capita. F’postijiet differenti tista’ tikseb regolarment kotba antiki, l-ewwel edizzjonijiet u pubblikazzjonijiet b’lingwi differenti, speċjalment fil-ħwienet li jinsabu fuq Avenida de Mayo u fi Vjal Corrientes, bejn Callao u 9 de Julio. Kull sena f’April, issir il-Fiera Internazzjonali tal-Ktieb ta’ Buenos Aires, waħda mill-ħames fieri l-aktar importanti fid-dinja, flimkien ma’ dawk ta’ Frankfurt, São Paulo, Guadalajara, Londra u Book Expo America. Hija mmirata għall-pubbliku ġenerali, kif ukoll għall-komunità letterarja kollha kemm hi. ===Bars u teatri/Bars and theaters/Bares y teatros=== [[File:Colon-interior-escenario-TM.jpg|thumb|It-Teatru Colón huwa wieħed mill-ħames teatri tal-opra l-aktar importanti fid-dinja/The Teatro Colón is one of the five most important opera houses in the world/El Teatro Colón es uno de los cinco teatros de ópera más importantes del mundo.]] Buenos Aires għandha waħda mill-akbar konċentrazzjonijiet ta’ teatri fid-dinja, u tikklassifika fir-raba’ fost l-ibliet bl-akbar numru ta’ teatri, u xi sorsi saħansitra jpoġġuha bħala l-belt bl-aktar teatri fid-dinja. Il-belt għandha wkoll l-akbar industrija tat-teatru fl-Amerika Latina. It-Teatru Colón huwa wieħed mill-aktar importanti fid-dinja minħabba d-daqs124 u t-trajettorja tiegħu, u wieħed mill-aqwa ħames teatri għall-opra minħabba l-akustika tiegħu. [[File:El tradicional Café Tortoni de Buenos Aires.JPG|thumb|Intern tal-Cafè Tortoni, fejn issir La Peña, li l-ġranet artistiċi tiegħu bdew fl-1926/Interior of the Café Tortoni, where La Peña is performed, whose artistic days began in 1926/Interior del Café Tortoni, en donde se realiza La Peña, cuyas jornadas artísticas iniciaron en 1926.]] Corrientes Avenue (Avenida Corrientes), li fil-kafetteriji u l-bars tradizzjonali tagħha evolva t-tango fil-bidu u nofs is-seklu 20, hija l-arterja fejn jinsabu wħud mill-aktar teatri importanti. F'dan is-sens, il-Belt ta' Buenos Aires għandha offerta varjata ħafna, u ħafna mill-aktar teatri importanti jiddependu direttament fuq il-Gvern tal-Belt: it-Teatru Colón, it-Teatru General San Martín, it-Teatru Presidente Alvear, it-Teatru Regio, is-Sarmiento. Teatru u t-Teatru tar-Ribera, fost l-oħrajn. Hemm ukoll attività importanti fit-Teatru Nazzjonali Cervantes, it-Teatru Gran Rex, iċ-Ċentru Kulturali Recoleta, iċ-Ċentru Kulturali Ġenerali San Martín, it-Teatru Maipo, it-Teatru Coliseo, it-Teatru Lola Membrives, fost oħrajn u n-numru kbir ta’ indipendenti indipendenti. teatri li huma mqassma mill-distretti ta' Villa Crespo, Almagro u Abasto. Il-belt għandha aktar minn 300 teatru. Il-belt għandha grupp magħżul ta' madwar 70 bar magħrufa bħala Notable Bars li huma kkaratterizzati li kienu protagonisti ta' parti importanti mill-istorja tal-belt, jirċievu appoġġ mill-Gvern tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Xi wħud saħansitra ġew iddikjarati Wirt Kulturali tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Jinstabu prinċipalment fil-viċinanzi qodma tal-Belt, San Nicolás, San Telmo jew La Boca. Ma’ dan jiżdied il-post ta’ bars antiki notevoli iżda li l-istorja tagħhom tinteressa lil dawk li jiġu jfittxu fokus storiku fuq iż-żjara tagħhom fir-Reina del Plata. Hekk hu l-każ ta’ żewġ kafetteriji li kienu marbuta ma’ wieħed mill-aktar episodji importanti tal-letteratura Arġentina, id-djalettika soċjali u letterarja bejn il-Grupp Florida, hekk imsejħa għax iltaqgħu fir-Richmond Confectionery fit-triq ċentrali ta’ Florida, u ppubblikati fil- uffiċċji tar-rivista fil-qrib Martín Fierro, b’membri bħal Jorge Luis Borges, Victoria Ocampo, Leopoldo Marechal, artisti bħal Antonio Berni, vs. il-Grupp Boedo, hekk imsejjaħ minħabba li ppubblikaw fl-Editorial Claridad u ltaqgħu fil-Cafè El Japonés fuq Avenida Boedo fil-viċinat attwali tal-istess isem, u ħalla l-imsemmija konfrontazzjoni letterarja u l-istabbilimenti li kennhom fl-istorja tal-belt. Ieħor mill-bars notevoli fil-belt huwa l-café rinomat London City. Il-Belt ta’ Londra llum hija waħda mill-irkejjen emblematiċi ta’ Buenos Aires, minħabba l-permanenza tagħha maż-żmien, talli hija marbuta mal-istorja ħajja tan-nies tagħha, talli kkontribwiet għal avvenimenti kulturali u storiċi rilevanti u għad-disinn arkitettoniku ppreservat tagħha. Kien hawn f’Londra fejn Julio Cortázar li għadu mhux magħruf kiteb, u ssettja wkoll, parti kbira mill-ewwel rumanz tiegħu Los premios, ippubblikat fl-1960. ===Mużika/Music/Música=== [[File:Pensamientos tangueros.jpg|thumb|Tango]] Buenos Aires hija magħrufa internazzjonalment għax hija l-benniena tat-tango, bil-kantant Arġentin Carlos Gardel ikun l-akbar esponent tagħha. Iżda ma rridux ninsew orkestri bħal dawk immexxija minn Aníbal Troilo, Mariano Mores u Osvaldo Pugliese, jew liriki bħal Enrique Santos Discépolo u Homero Manzi. F’nofs is-seklu għoxrin ħarġu kantanti ġodda bħal Julio Sosa, Edmundo Rivero u Roberto Goyeneche, kif ukoll xejriet ġodda, li l-akbar esponent tagħhom kien Astor Piazzolla. Minn tmiem is-sittinijiet, bħal f’ħafna ċentri urbani fil-pajjiż, inħoloq National Rock, u fis-snin 80 u 90, punk rock Arġentin; fil-fatt l-Arġentina kienet it-tielet pajjiż fid-dinja li ħoloq blata tal-identità tagħha stess. Il-belt kellha wkoll influwenzi mill-cumbia Kolombjana, il-kwartett u, fl-aħħar tas-seklu 20, mill-cumbia villera, li ħarġet fl-ifqar żoni tal-belt u Greater Buenos Aires. Illum, il-ġeneru ġdid tal-moda li twieled fi Buenos Aires u li jiġi esportat fl-Ewropa huwa cumbia diġitali, taħlita tar-ritmu ternarju tal-cumbia b'influwenzi elettroniċi. ===Planetarja/Planetary/Planetario Galileo Galilei=== [[File:PlanetarioVacas.jpg|thumb|Planetarium/Planetary/Planetario Galileo Galilei]] Il-Planetarium Galileo Galilei jinsab fl-intersezzjoni ta 'Avenida General Sarmiento u Belisario Roldán, ġewwa Parque Tres de Febrero, fil-viċinat ta' Palermo tal-belt ta 'Buenos Aires, l-Arġentina. L-ewwel funzjoni tagħha kienet fit-13 ta’ Ġunju, 1967,282 u rċeviet diversi riformi u aġġornamenti, l-aktar importanti kienu dawk tal-2011 u l-2017.283 Inbniet bl-iskop li jippromulga t-tixrid tax-xjenza astronomika permezz ta’ wirjiet edukattivi għall-istudenti u l-pubbliku inġenerali. .284 Fuq l-esplanade ta’ aċċess tagħha għandha tliet meteoriti metalliċi għall-wiri, li nstabu fit-territorju Arġentin.284 Il-koppla tagħha hija ta’ 20 metru fid-dijametru u 8,900 stilla fissa, kostellazzjoni u nebulożi jistgħu jirriproduċu fuqha. ===Tradizzjonijiet/Traditions/Tradiciones=== [[File:Fileteado porteño.jpg|thumb|Il-flett huwa arti popolari tal-belt/Filleting is a popular art of the city./El Fileteado es un arte popular de la ciudad.]] Manifestazzjoni kulturali tipika tal-belt hija l-użu tal-lunfardo, lingwaġġ li żviluppat u nfirxet minn nofs is-seklu dsatax fiż-żoni foqra tal-Belt ta’ Buenos Aires. Għandu kontribuzzjonijiet lingwistiċi mill-Italja, Franza, Spanja u l-Portugall, kif ukoll mill-popolazzjoni lokali sewda u Kreola u anke nies indiġeni. Il-lunfardo kien immortalizzat fil-lirika tal-mużika popolari, partikolarment f’dawk tat-tango. Manifestazzjoni kulturali oħra tipika tal-porteño hija l-arti tal-fletti, dekorattiva u popolari, li twieldet fl-ewwel deċennji tas-seklu 20. Normalment jidher f'kuntesti relatati mat-tango, id-disinn u r-reklamar. Fjuri, scrolls, weraq tal-akant, żigarelli Arġentini, huma kkombinati ma 'karattri popolari permezz ta' kuluri jleqqu ħafna u permezz ta 'kuntrast tingħata l-idea ta' volum. It-testi huma wkoll parti mill-kompożizzjoni tal-flett, bi frażijiet maħluqa mill-għerf popolari. Fl-2006, il-leġiżlatura ta' Buenos Aires iddikjarat l-iflett bħala Wirt Kulturali tal-Belt ta' Buenos Aires mill-promulgazzjoni tal-liġi 1941. Tradizzjoni importanti hija dik taċ-Ċelebrazzjonijiet tal-Karnival. Hemm 103 murga fi Buenos Aires, li jiġbru flimkien aktar minn 10,000 ruħ. Kull sena, aktar minn 800,000 persuna normalment jinġabru biex igawdu l-mużika, iż-żfin u l-kant offruti minn dawn il-comparsas fin-numru kbir ta’ corsos li jsiru fl-inħawi ta’ Buenos Aires. ===Fashion/Moda=== Fi Buenos Aires, mill-2001, l-aktar avveniment importanti tal-moda fl-Arġentina, il-Ġimgħa tal-Moda ta’ Buenos Aires, saret darbtejn fis-sena sabiex jintwerew l-aħħar tendenzi għall-kollezzjonijiet tar-rebbiegħa-sajf u tal-ħarifa-xitwa. Il-Ġimgħa għall-BAF jattendu disinjaturi internazzjonali iżda fuq kollox nazzjonali, għalhekk hija opportunità tajba biex toffri ħarsa ġenerali lejn l-industrija tal-moda lokali. Is-sejħa ssir f’La Rural.286​287​Fil-belt, isiru wkoll il-Ġimgħa tal-Moda tal-Arġentina u l-avveniment Buenos Aires Moda, li saru għal 34 u 46 edizzjoni rispettivament. Il-belt għandha wkoll iċ-Ċentru tad-Disinn Metropolitan, istituzzjoni pubblika li tappartjeni lill-Gvern tal-Belt ta 'Buenos Aires li tinsab fil-viċinat ta' Barracas fil-post tas-Suq tal-Ħut l-antik. Il-proprjetà għandha 3,000 m² għat-twettiq ta 'kampjuni relatati mad-disinn. Avvenimenti bħal Casa FOA u Buenos Aires Runway saru fil-faċilitajiet tagħha. Ta’ min jenfasizza wkoll l-ispazji ddedikati esklussivament għat-tagħlim ta’ korsijiet ta’ taħriġ relatati mad-disinn. ===Gastronomija/Gastronomy/Gastronomía=== [[File:Pizzas Buenos Aires.png|thumb|Pizzeria tipika ta’ Buenos Aires/Typical Buenos Aires pizzeria./Típica pizzería porteña.]] Il-gastronomija tal-belt ta’ Buenos Aires hija kkaratterizzata minn żewġ kontribuzzjonijiet Ewropej kbar: Taljana u Spanjola, hija varjata daqs il-bqija tal-kultura, inkluż laħam aħmar, ħut, għaġin u empanadas, li joriġinaw mill-majjistral Arġentin. . Fost il-laħmijiet jispikka l-ixwi, l-istrixxa mixwi jew il-vacuum, ġeneralment akkumpanjati minn chorizos, ħobż tal-ħelu, chitterlings u black pudding. Flimkien ma’ dawn il-qatgħat popolari, tista’ tipprova l-bife de chorizo ​​aktar nobbli, steak tal-flett jew għajn tal-kustilja. L-aktar ħut ikkunsmat huwa marlozz, ispnott, lingwata, bream u silverside. L-influwenza tad-dieta Mediterranja Taljana, mifruxa ħafna mill-kurrenti migratorji minn dak il-pajjiż fil-bidu tas-seklu 20, hija riflessa fl-għaġin bħal taljarini, gnocchi, kannelloni, lasagna u ravjul, u fid-deżerti, speċjalment il-ġelat u l- tiramisú Lil hinn minn dawn kollha hemm wieħed li insew insemmu El Mate, sett ta’ yuyos imnixxfa mqiegħda ġewwa kontenitur b’bażi tal-metall. Buenos Aires hija kkaratterizzata minn offerta kbira ta’ bars u ristoranti. Il-belt għandha grupp privileġġjat ta '60 bar bi storja kbira u reputazzjoni fil-belt. Il-belt għandha wkoll numru kbir ta 'ristoranti tal-ikel internazzjonali bħal Taljan, Ċiniż, Spanjol, Ġappuniż, Korean, eċċ. ==Communication Midja/Communication Media/Medios de comunicación== ===Televiżjoni miftuħa/Open television, Free television, Free Air television/Televisión abierta=== L-istazzjonijiet ewlenin tat-televiżjoni huma América TV (America/Amerika TV) (channel/kanal/canal 2), Televisión Pública (Televiżjoni pubblika/Public Television) (channel/kanal/canal 7), El Nueve (Id-disgħa/The nine) (channel/kanal/canal 9), Telefe (channel/kanal/canal 11), El Trece (It-tlettax/The Thirdtheen) (channel/kanal/canal 13), Net TV (channel/kanal/canal 27.2), channel/kanal/canal 21 u channel/kanal/canal 26. Storikament, dawn l-istazzjonijiet xandru fuq televiżjoni terrestri analogu minn meta bdew ixandru, għalkemm huma disponibbli wkoll fuq it-televiżjoni diġitali miftuħa (TDA). ===Stazzjonijiet tar-radju/Radio Stations/Emisoras de radio=== Il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires għandha bosta stazzjonijiet tar-radju, kemm AM kif ukoll FM. Bħal fil-bqija tad-dinja, l-FM ikun aktar mismugħ. Fost l-aktar 15 li semgħu hemm 10 li jxandru fuq FM: La 100, Pop Radio, Rock & Pop, FM Metro, Los 40 (ta' 40/The 40), Radio Disney, FM Aspen, Mega, Vale, Radio One 103.7, Vorterix Rock; u 5 f’AM: Radio 10, Radio Mitre, Continental, La Red (In-Net/The Net) u Radio Nacional (Radju Nazzjonali/National Radio), biex ma nsemmux Radio América u Del Plata, li huma wkoll fost l-aktar importanti. ===Gazzetti/Newspaper/Periódicos=== It-tnejn bl-akbar ċirkolazzjoni huma La Nación (In-nazzjon/The Nation) u El Clarín (Il-klarin/The clarin). Għandhom ukoll ċirkolazzjoni nazzjonali: Crónica (Chronicle), Popular (Popolari), La Prensa (L-Istampa/The Press), Página/12 (Paġna 12/Page 12), Perfil (Profil/Profile). Orientación Financiera (Finance Orientation/B'orjentazzjoni finanzjarja), Buenos Aires Económico (Buenos Aires Ekonomiku/Buenos Aires Economic), El Cronista (Il-kroniku/The chronicler) u Ámbito Financiero (Sfera finanzjarja/Financial sphere) huma ppubblikati. ==Sports/Deportes== ===Soccer/Footbal/Fútbol/Futebol=== [[File:Club Atlético Boca Juniors logo (70 stars).png|thumb|Boca Juniors Athletic Club (Club Atlético Boca Juniors) ibbażata fil-viċinat ta 'La Boca, Buenos Aires. Din twaqqfet fit-3 ta’ April 1905 minn sitt ġirien adoloxxenti, ulied Taljani. Il-futbol tal-irġiel huwa l-aktar dixxiplina prominenti tiegħu, għalkemm jikkompeti wkoll fuq livell professjonali, nazzjonali u internazzjonali, fil-basketball, volleyball, futsal, soccer tan-nisa, u handball, filwaqt li sports bħall-boxing, judo, karate, taekwondo, ġinnastika ritmika, u ġinnastika artistika huma Huma jipprattikaw fuq livell dilettanti. Bħalissa jilgħab fil-Liga tal-Futbol Professjonali Arġentin. Boca Juniors ilu jipparteċipa fl-Ewwel Diviżjoni Arġentina mill-1913 u, ibda mit-Tournament Inizjali tal-2013, sar l-uniku klabb li lagħab kull staġun fl-Ewwel Diviżjoni mill-bidu tal-professjonalità fl-1931. Barra minn hekk, huwa t-tim bl-ogħla numru. tal-logħob milgħuba.9 Mit-8 ta’ Ġunju, 2015, Boca Juniors kisru r-rekord tal-itwal waqfa mingħajr interruzzjoni fl-Ewwel Diviżjoni, b’37,312 jum.10 It-tim jilgħab il-logħob domestiku tiegħu fl-istadium Alberto J. Armando, magħruf mad-dinja kollha bħala " La Bombonera"; It-tim tal-futbol Arġentin lagħab ukoll lokalment hemmhekk f'diversi okkażjonijiet, fejn iżomm rekord storiku ta' mingħajr telfa f'logħbiet uffiċjali. Fil-livell lokali, il-klabb għandu 35 kampjonat tal-kampjonat tal-Ewwel Diviżjoni11 u 17-il tazza nazzjonali (rekord Arġentin), inklużi erba’ edizzjonijiet tal-Copa Argentina (l-aqwa rebbieħ tal-konkors) Internazzjonalment, huwa t-tielet klabb bl-aktar titli uffiċjali fid-dinja (22), li fosthom għandu 18 fil-livell ta’ konfederazzjoni u interkonfederazzjoni (FIFA u Conmebol) u 4 tazzi Rio de la Plata (AFA-AUF); u huwa l-klabb bl-aktar titli internazzjonali uffiċjali fl-Amerika kollha. Bl-istess mod, huwa ċ-champion massimu tat-Tazza Interkontinentali (3) madwar id-dinja, flimkien ma’ Peñarol, Nacional, Milan u Real Madrid. Barra minn hekk, huwa l-klabb fl-Amerika bl-aktar finali internazzjonali tat-tazza konfederata bi 28 (it-tielet fid-dinja, wara 41 ta’ Real Madrid u 33 ta’ Milan).14 Huwa saħansitra l-klabb rekord għall-finali tat-Tazza Libertadores de América: 11, u huwa reba ukoll it-tieni klabb bl-akbar numru ta' Libertadores B'żieda ta' tournaments nazzjonali u internazzjonali, huwa l-aktar klabb ta’ suċċess bl-aktar titli fl-istorja tal-futbol Arġentin: 74 titlu uffiċjali, li jagħmilha l-iktar klabb champion fil-pajjiż.]] L-aktar sport popolari fi Buenos Aires, bħal fil-pajjiż kollu, huwa l-futbol, ​​u parti kbira mit-timijiet bl-itwal storja fl-Ewwel Diviżjoni Arġentina jinsabu fil-belt, li hija dik bl-ogħla konċentrazzjoni ta’ klabbs tal-futbol. fid-dinja (b’21 istituzzjoni). Min-naħa l-oħra, 18 minnhom għandhom l-istadium tagħhom, aspett li fih huwa komparabbli biss ma’ Londra u Montevideo, li segwa l-mudell Ingliż li jipproklama li kull tim huwa l-proprjetarju tal-qasam tiegħu, kuntrarjament għal dak li jiġri fl-Ewropa kontinentali. , fejn hemm normalment huwa stadju kbir wieħed, ġeneralment proprjetà komunali, li huwa kondiviż mit-timijiet tal-belt. Bosta mill-klabbs tal-futbol l-aktar importanti fil-pajjiż jinsabu fi Buenos Aires: L-Ewwel Diviżjoni: Argentinos Juniors, Barracas Central, Boca Juniors, Huracán, River Plate, San Lorenzo u Vélez Sarsfield. L-Ewwel Nazzjonali B: All Boys, Atlanta, Defensores de Belgrano, Deportivo Riestra, Ferro Carril Oeste u Nueva Chicago u Sacachispas. L-Ewwel B: Komunikazzjonijiet. L-ewwel C: Deportivo Español, Excursionistas, u General Lamadrid. L-ewwel D: Deportivo Paraguayo, Sportivo Barracas u Yupanqui. Xi istituzzjonijiet ċċaqalqu l-istadiums tagħhom, u anke l-kwartieri ġenerali tagħhom, lejn is-subborgi ta’ Buenos Aires jew lejn l-intern tal-provinċja ta’ Buenos Aires, iżda jżommu rabtiet mal-belt, fejn jibqgħu n-nuklei tal-bini tagħhom u numru ta’ msieħba u partitarji. Huma: L-Ewwel Diviżjoni: Platense L-Ewwel Nazzjonali B: Almagro, Chacarita Juniors, Estudiantes u San Telmo L-ewwel B: Colegiales, Deportivo Armenio u Fénix L-ewwel C: Atlas, Liniers, Sportivo Taljan L-ewwel D: Lugano Fl-isport, Boca Juniors, River Plate u Vélez Sarsfield huma t-tliet klabbs ta’ Buenos Aires li kienu ċampjins tad-dinja. ===Dixxiplini oħra/Other disciplines/Otras disciplinas=== Il-belt għandha wkoll bosta entitajiet li jipparteċipaw fil-kategoriji differenti tal-Kampjonat tal-Futsal AFA, fosthom l-aktar importanti tad-dixxiplina fil-pajjiż, il-multi-champions Pinocho u Boca Juniors (futsal). Hemm istituzzjonijiet li għandhom infrastruttura għall-prattika tal-isports bħall-basketball (li l-aqwa kompetizzjoni nazzjonali tiegħu hija n-National Basketball League), jew it-tennis (fejn il-Buenos Aires Lawn Tennis Club huwa l-post għall-uniku kampjonat ATP li jintlagħab fil-pajjiż, il- Tournament ta’ Buenos Aires). Hemm ukoll grawnds oħra għall-prattika tal-isport bħal Luna Park (li fih jispikkaw il-logħbiet tal-boxing) u l-grawnd ġdid multipurpose Parque Roca, inawgurat fl-2006, użat għas-serje tat-Tazza Davis. Fil-viċinat ta 'Núñez hemm iċ-Ċentru Nazzjonali għall-Isport ta' Prestazzjoni Għolja (CeNARD), kumpless tal-istat li jospita atleti minn madwar il-pajjiż u jippermetti l-prattika ta 'numru kbir ta' sports. Fiha fields tal-futbol, ​​hockey, handball, rugby, tennis, volleyball, skate courts, pixxini, fost sports oħra, gyms, taekwondo, judo, weightlifting, u żewġ tracks tal-atletika. ===Avvenimenti/Events/Eventos=== <gallery> File:Luna Park de Noche.jpg|Luna Park (Parque Luna) File:Polo in Palermo.jpg|Polo Field Arġentin, kwartieri ġenerali tal-Kampjonat tal-Polo Open Arġentin, l-aktar avveniment importanti ta’ din id-dixxiplina fuq livell globali/Campo Argentino de Polo, headquarters of the Argentine Open Polo Championship, the most important event of this discipline worldwide./Campo Argentino de Polo, sede del Campeonato Argentino Abierto de Polo, el evento más importante de esta disciplina a nivel global. File:Rally Dakar 2009 Av. Sarmiento (2).jpg|Vannijiet mir-Rally Dakar ipparkjati quddiem La Rural fi Buenos Aires/Pick-kups 4x4 from the Dakar Rally parked in front of La Rural in Buenos Aires/Camionetas del Rally Dakar estacionadas en frente de La Rural en Buenos Aires. </gallery> Il-belt ta’ Buenos Aires kienet il-post għal diversi kompetizzjonijiet internazzjonali: żewġ grawnds, River Plate u Vélez Sársfield, ospitaw it-Tazza tad-Dinja tal-Futbol tal-1978,297 u f’diversi okkażjonijiet il-Copa América tal-istess sport. Minbarra l-futbol, ​​il-belt ospitat żewġ kampjonati mondjali fil-basketball (1950 u 1990), wieħed fil-volleyball tal-irġiel (2002) u ieħor fil-polo (1987). Fir-rigward tal-avvenimenti multi-sport, ospita l-ewwel Logħob Pan-Amerikan li ntlagħbu bejn il-25 ta’ Frar u d-9 ta’ Marzu, 1951, u wara tilfet l-elezzjoni biex jospita l-Logħob Olimpiku tal-1956 b’vot wieħed biss; Kien ukoll fost l-aqwa 5 postijiet għal-Logħob Olimpiku 2004. Fl-2006, ospitat it-tmien edizzjoni tal-Logħob tal-Amerika t'Isfel, organizzata mill-Organizzazzjoni Sportiva tal-Amerika t'Isfel (ODESUR). Il-belt ġiet magħżula fl-2013 bħala l-belt ospitanti għal-Logħob Olimpiku taż-Żgħażagħ tas-Sajf tal-2018. Fir-rigward tat-tlielaq tal-muturi, fl-Awtodromu Oscar u Juan Gálvez, sar għoxrin darba l-Grand Prix tal-Formula 1 Arġentin u għaxar darbiet il-Grand Prix tal-Muturi tal-Arġentina. F'erba' okkażjonijiet (2009, 2010, 2011 u 2015) il-belt kienet il-punt tat-tluq u tat-tmiem tar-Rally Dakar. <gallery> File:La Bombonera, vista panorámica.JPG|L-istadium Alberto J. Armando “La Bombonera”, proprjetà tal-Club Atlético Boca Juniors, fil-viċinat ta’ La Boca/The Alberto J. Armando “La Bombonera” stadium, owned by Club Atlético Boca Juniors, in the La Boca neighborhood/El estadio Alberto J. Armando «La Bombonera», propiedad del Club Atlético Boca Juniors, en el barrio La Boca. File:Panorama Estadio Monumental (Buenos Aires, Argentina) football River Plate.jpg|L-istadium Antonio Vespucio Liberti "El Monumental", proprjetà tal-Club Atlético River Plate, fil-viċinat ta' Belgrano, huwa wieħed mill-iktar grawnds importanti fil-kontinent. Hemmhekk intlagħbet l-aħħar partita tat-Tazza tad-Dinja tal-Futbol tal-1978/The Antonio Vespucio Liberti "El Monumental" stadium, owned by Club Atlético River Plate, in the Belgrano neighborhood, is one of the most important stadiums on the continent. The final match of the 1978 Soccer World Cup was played there/El estadio Antonio Vespucio Liberti «El Monumental», propiedad del Club Atlético River Plate, en el barrio Belgrano, es uno de los estadios más importantes del continente. En él se jugó el partido final de la Copa Mundial de Fútbol de 1978. </gallery> ==Timijiet sportivi/Sports Teams/Equipos Deportivos== {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width=150|Equipo ! width=80|Deporte ! width=150|Categoría actual ! width=120|Barrio ! width=180|Estadio |-chacarita |[[Klub Atletiku tas-Subien Kollha|Subien Kollha]] |[[Futbol]] |[[National First B (Arġentina)|National First B]] |[[Mount Castro (Buenos Aires)|Mount Castro]] |[[Malvinas Islands Stadium|Malvinas Islands]] |- |[[Argentinos Juniors Athletic Association|Argentinos Juniors]] |Futbol ||[[Ewwel Diviżjoni Arġentina|L-Ewwel Diviżjoni]] |[[Villa General Mitre|Villa Mitre]] |[[Diego Armando Maradona Stadium (Arġentina)|Diego Armando Maradona]] |- |[[Atlanta Athletic Club|Atlanta]] |Futbol |Ewwel Nazzjonali B |[[Villa Crespo]] |[[Don León Kolbowsky Stadium|Don León Kolbowsky]] |- |[[Club Atlético Barracas Central|Barracas Central]] |Futbol |L-Ewwel Diviżjoni |[[Barracks (Buenos Aires)|Barracks]] |[[Claudio Chiqui Tapia Stadium|Claudio Tapia]] |- |[[Boca Juniors Athletic Club|Boca Juniors]] |Futbol |L-Ewwel Diviżjoni ||[[Il-Ħalq]] |[[Alberto J. Armando Stadium|Alberto J. Armando]] |- |[[Klabb tal-Komunikazzjoni (Buenos Aires)|Komunikazzjonijiet]] |Futbol |L-ewwel B |[[Agronomija (Buenos Aires)|Agronomija]] |[[Alfredo Ramos Stadium|Alfredo Ramos]] |- |[[Club Atlético Defenders of Belgrano|Difensuri ta' Belgrano]] |Futbol |Ewwel Nazzjonali B |[[Núñez (Buenos Aires)|Núñez]] |[[Juan Pasquele Stadium|Juan Pasquele]] |- |[[Spanish Sports Club ta' Buenos Aires|Spanish Sports Club]] |Futbol |L-ewwel Ċ |[[Avellaneda Park (Buenos Aires)|Avellaneda Park]] [[New Spain Stadium|New Spain]] |- |[[Paragwajan Sports Athletic Club|Paragwajan Sports Athletic]] |Futbol |[[L-Ewwel D]] |[[Barracks (Buenos Aires)|Barracks]] |Ma jippossjedix |- ||Riestra Sports Club|Riestra Sports]] |Futbol |Ewwel Nazzjonali B |[[Villa Soldati (Buenos Aires)|Villa Soldati]] |[[Guillermo Laza Stadium|Guillermo Laza]] |- |[[Hikers Athletic Club|Hikers]] |Futbol |[[L-Ewwel Ċ (Arġentina)|L-Ewwel Ċ]] |[[Belgrano (Buenos Aires)|Belgrano]] |[[Hikers Stadium|Hikers]] |- |[[Club Ferro Carril Oeste|Ferro Carril Oeste]] |Futbol |Ewwel Nazzjonali B ||Żiemel iż-żgħir]] |[[Perit tal-Istadium Ricardo Etcheverri|Perit Etcheverri]] |- | [[Club Atlético General Lamadrid|General Lamadrid]] | Soccer | l-ewwel C ||[[Raħal tad-Devoti]] | [[Henry the Sixth Stadium|Henry the Sixth]] |- ||[[Club Atlético Huracán|Huracán]] |Futbol |L-Ewwel Diviżjoni |[[Patricios Park (Buenos Aires)|Patricios Park]] |[[Tomás Adolfo Ducó Stadium|Tomás Adolfo Ducó]] |- [[New Chicago Athletic Club|New Chicago]] |Futbol |Ewwel Nazzjonali B |[[Biċċeriji (Buenos Aires)|Biċċeriji]] [[New Chicago Stadium|New Chicago]] |- |[[River Plate Athletic Club|River Plate]] |Futbol |L-Ewwel Diviżjoni |[[Núñez (Buenos Aires)|Núñez]] |[[Antonio Vespucci Liberti Stadium|Antonio Vespucci Liberti]] |- |[[Sacachispas Soccer Club|Sacachispas]] |Futbol |Ewwel Nazzjonali B |[[Villa Soldati (Buenos Aires)|Villa Soldati]] |[[Beto Larrosa Stadium|Beto Larrosa]] |- |[[San Lorenzo de Almagro Athletic Club|San Lorenzo]] |Futbol |L-Ewwel Diviżjoni |[[Boedo (Buenos Aires)|Boedo]] |[[Pedro Bidegain Stadium|Pedro Bidegain]] |- |[[Club Sportivo Barracas|Sportivo Barracas]] |Futbol |L-ewwel D |[[Barracks (Buenos Aires)|Barracks]] |Ma jippossjedix |- |[[Club Atlético Vélez Sarsfield|Vélez Sarsfield]] |Futbol |L-Ewwel Diviżjoni |[[Liniers (Buenos Aires)|Liniers]] |[[Jose Amalfitani Stadium|Jose Amalfitani]] |- | [[Yupanqui Social and Sports Club|Yupanqui]] | Soccer | L-ewwel D | [[Villa Lugano]] | M'għandux |- |[[Boca Juniors Athletic Club (basketball)|Boca Juniors]] ||[[Basketball|Basketball]] [[Lega Nazzjonali tal-Baskitbol]] ||[[Il-Ħalq]] |[[Luis Conde Stadium|Luis Conde]] |- |[[Club Ferro Carril Oeste (Basketball)|Ferro Carril Oeste]] |Basketball |Kampjonat Nazzjonali tal-Baskitbol ||Żiemel iż-żgħir]] |[[Hector Etchart Stadium|Hector Etchart]] |- |[[Club Atlético Xogħlijiet ta' Sanità tan-Nazzjon|Xogħlijiet ta' Sanità]] |Basketball |Kampjonat Nazzjonali tal-Baskitbol |[[Núñez (Buenos Aires)|Núñez]] |[[Waterworks Stadium|Waterworks]] |- |[[San Lorenzo de Almagro Athletic Club|San Lorenzo]] |Basketball |Kampjonat Nazzjonali tal-Baskitbol |[[Boedo (Buenos Aires)|Boedo]] [[Ċentru Sportiv Roberto Pando]] |- |[[River Plate Athletic Club|River Plate]] |volleyball [[Lega Arġentina tal-Volleyball]] |[[Núñez (Buenos Aires)|Núñez]] ||[[River Plate Microstadium]] |} <!-- ¡¡ALTO!! ¡NO AGREGUES clubes de la PROVINCIA DE BUENOS AIRES, este es un artículo sobre la CIUDAD DE BUENOS AIRES Equipos como Racing, Independiente o Tigre NO deben ser incluidos por dicha razón! --> {{Suċċessjoni | predeċessur = - | title = [[File:Flag of PASO.svg|60px]]<br />[[Logħob PanAmerikan|Belt PanAmerikana]] | perjodu = [[1951 Logħob PanAmerikan|1951]] | suċċessur = {{bandiera|MEX}} [[Belt tal-Messiku]] | predeċessur2 = {{bandiera|BRA}} [[Belém (Brażil)|Belém]], [[Curitiba]], [[Rio de Janeiro]] u [[São Paulo]] | title2 = [[File:Flag of ODESUR.svg|60px]]<br>[[Logħob ta' l-Amerika t'Isfel|Belt ta' l-Amerika t'Isfel]] | perjodu2 = [[2006 Logħob ta' l-Amerika t'Isfel|2006]] | suċċessur2 = {{bandiera|COL}} [[Medellin]] | predeċessur3 = {{bandiera|CHN}} [[Nanjing]] | title3 = [[File:Olympic flag.svg|60px]]<br />[[Logħob Olimpiku taż-Żgħażagħ|Belt Olimpika taż-Żgħażagħ]] | perjodu3 = [[Logħob Olimpiku taż-Żgħażagħ 2018|2018]] | suċċessur3 = {{bandiera|SEN}} [[Dakar]] }} ==Relazzjonijiet internazzjonali/International relations/Relaciones internacionales== ===Kwartieri ġenerali ta' organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali/Headquarters of international organizations/Sedes de organizaciones internacionales=== Segretarjat tat-Trattat Antartiku/Antarctic Treaty Secretariat/Secretaría del Tratado Antártico. ===Ajruporti internazzjonali konnessi mal-ajruport ta' Ezeiza/International airports connected to Ezeiza airport/Aeropuertos internacionales conectados al aeropuerto de Ezeiza=== {{lista incompleta|201908192024}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |- !align="left"|Belt !align="left"|Ajruport |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Bolivja}} [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Viru Viru]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Brażil}} [[São Paulo]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' São Paulo-Guarulhos]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Brażil}} [[Rio de Janeiro]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Galeão]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Brażil}} [[Brażilja]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Presidente Juscelino Kubitschek]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Brażil}} [[Curitiba]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Curitiba]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Brażil}} [[Salvador de Bahia|Salvador]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Salvador|Ajruport Internazzjonali Luis Eduardo Magalhães]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Brażil}} [[Porto Alegre]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Salgado Filho]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Brażil}} [[Belo Horizonte]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Tancredo Neves]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Brażil}} [[Florianopolis]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Hercilio Luz]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Brażil}} [[Recife]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Recife]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Urugwaj}} [[Montevideo]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Carrasco]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Urugwaj}} [[Punta del Este]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Punta del Este|Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Laguna del Sauce]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Paragwaj}} [[Asuncion]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Silvio Pettirossi]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Ċilì}} [[Santiago de Chile|Santiago]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Arturo Merino Benítez]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Perù}} [[Lima]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Jorge Chávez]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Kolombja}} [[Bogota]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' El Dorado]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Venezwela}} [[Caracas]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Simon Bolívar ta' Maiquetía]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Panama}} [[Panama (belt)|Panama]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Tocumen]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Messiku}} [[Belt tal-Messiku]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Benito Juárez]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Messiku}} [[Kankun]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Cancun]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Repubblika Dominikana}} [[Punta Cana]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Punta Cana]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Kuba}} [[Havana]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali José Martí]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[New York]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali John F. Kennedy]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[New York]] |align="left"|[[Newark Liberty International Airport]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[Miami]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Miami]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[Los Angeles]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Los Angeles]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[Houston]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Interkontinentali George Bush]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[Dallas]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Dallas-Fort Worth]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[Atlanta]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Hartsfield-Jackson]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Istati Uniti}} [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Orlando]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Kanada}} [[Toronto]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali Pearson ta' Toronto]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Franza}} [[Pariġi]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport ta' Pariġi-Charles de Gaulle]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|l-Italja}} [[Ruma]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Ruma-Fiumicino]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Spanja}} [[Madrid]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport ta' Madrid-Barajas]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Spanja}} [[Barċellona]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport ta' Barċellona-El Prat]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|L-Olanda}} [[Amsterdam]] |align="left"|[[Amsterdam Airport Schiphol]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Ġermanja}} [[Frankfurt am Main]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport ta' Frankfurt am Main]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Renju Unit}} [[Londra]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport ta' Londra Heathrow]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|Ir-Renju Unit}} [[Londra]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport ta' Londra Gatwick]] |- |align="left"|{{bandiera|L-Isvizzera}} [[Zurich]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Zurich]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Emirati Għarab Magħquda}} [[Dubaj]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Dubai]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Qatar}} [[Doha]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Hamad]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|New Zealand}} [[Auckland]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Auckland]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Turkija}} [[Istanbul]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Ataturk]] |- |align="left"|{{Bandiera|Etjopja}} [[Addis Ababa]] |align="left"|[[Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' Bole]] |} ===Fratellanzi/Brotherhoods/Hermandamientos=== Reġjuni, stati u [[Komunità Awtonoma|komunitajiet awtonomi]] (entitajiet sub-statali) ġemellati mal-Belt ta' Buenos Aires: [[Calabria]], [[Italja]] (1987). [[Galizia]], [[Spanja]] (1998). [[Basilicata]], [[Italja]] (1999). [[New Jersey]], [[Istati Uniti]] (1999). [[Andalusia]], [[Spanja]] (2001). [[Ohio]], [[Istati Uniti]] (2001) [[Morelos]], [[Messiku]] (2012). {{Commons|Buenos Aires}} [[Kategorija:Arġentina]] [[Kategorija:Bliet tal-Arġentina]] [[Kategorija:Bliet kapitali fl-Amerika]] eatuyfa6o8rl2mgeyumpa424oyahv7q 2 25623 332129 331669 2026-09-19T04:44:25Z Trigcly 17859 aġġornament 332129 wikitext text/x-wiki == '''Artikli ġodda (2034)''' == === <u>'''A'''</u> === * [[Aapravasi Ghat]] * [[Aasivissuit-Nipisat: Territorju tal-Kaċċa tal-Inuit bejn is-Silġ u l-Baħar]] * [[Abbazija ta' Corvey]] * [[Abbazija ta' Fontenay]] * [[Abbazija ta' Lorsch]] * [[Abbazija ta' Pannonhalma]] *[[Abbazija ta' Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe]] *[[Abbazija ta' Sankt Gallen]] *[[Abbazija ta’ Vézelay|Abbazija ta' Vezelay]] *[[Abu al-Fida]] *[[Abu Mena]] *[[Abu Simbel]] *[[Ċentru Storiku ta' Acre|Acre]] *[[Afag Bashirgyzy]] *[[Aflaj tal-Oman]] *[[Afrodisja]] *[[Agadez]] *[[Agostino Carracci]] *[[Agostino Matrenza]] *[[Ahwar tan-Nofsinhar tal-Iraq]] *[[Aigai]] *[[Aït Benhaddou]] *[[Akkwedott ta' Padre Tembleque]] *[[Akkwedott ta' Pontcysyllte]] *[[Akshata Murthy]] *[[Aksum]] *[[Al Qal'a ta' Beni Hammad]] *[[Al Zubarah]] *[[Al-Maghtas]] *[[Alatyr]] *[[Albéric Magnard]] *[[Alberobello]] *[[Albi]] *[[Alcalá de Henares]] *[[Alcide d'Orbigny]] *[[Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin]] *[[Alenush Terian]] *[[Aleppo]] *[[Alessandro Scarlatti]] *[[Alessandro Volta]] *[[Alexander Pushkin]] *[[Alexander Wolszczan]] *[[Aleksandra Smiljanić]] *[[Alfred Hermann Fried]] *[[Alfred Nobel]] *[[Alfredo Casella]] *[[Alois Dryák]] *[[Alto Douro]] *[[Amazigh Marokkin Standard]] *[[Ambohimanga]] *[[Ambra Sabatini]] *[[Amerigo Vespucci]] *[[Amerigo Vespucci (vapur għoli)|''Amerigo Vespucci'' (vapur għoli)]] * [[L-Amerika t'Isfel|Amerka t’Isfel]] * [[L-Amerika ta' Fuq|Amerka ta’ Fuq]] *[[Amilcare Ponchielli]] *[[Anastasia Golovina]] *[[Anders Jonas Ångström]] *[[André Citroën]] *[[André Weil]] *[[Anfibju]] *[[Anfiteatru ta' El Jem]] *[[Angelina Mango]] * [[Angkor Wat]] * [[Angra do Heroísmo]] * [[Ani]] * [[Anjar]] * [[Anna Brigadere]] * [[Anna Kyriakou]] *[[Anna Seghers]] *[[Anna Sychravová]] *[[Anne-Sophie Mutter]] *[[Anse aux Meadows]] * [[Antartika]] * [[Anticosti]] * [[Antigua Guatemala]] *[[Antoine de Jussieu]] *[[Antoine de Saint-Exupéry]] *[[Antoinette Miggiani]] *[[Anton Diabelli]] *[[Anuradhapura]] *[[Aplogruppi Y-DNA fit-tribujiet tal-Każakistan]] *[[Aporofobija]] *[[Aquileia]] *[[Arċipelagu ta' Bijagós]] *[[Arċipelagu ta' Revillagigedo]] *[[Arċipelagu ta' Vega]] *[[Arena Tettonika Żvizzera ta' Sardona]] *[[Arequipa]] *[[Arġentier]] *[[Arġentier (tad-deheb)]] *[[Ark Ġeodetiku ta’ Struve|Ark Ġeodetiku ta' Struve]] *[[Arkata Trijonfali ta' Orange]] *[[Arkeoloġija]] *[[Arkitett]] *[[Arkitettura Mudéjar ta' Aragona]] *[[Arkitettura tas-Seklu 20 ta' Frank Lloyd Wright]] *[[Arles]] *[[Armata tat-Terrakotta]] *[[Arslantepe]] *[[Art tal-Inċens]] *[[Arthur Schnitzler]] *[[Arti Paleolitika fl-Għerien tat-Tramuntana ta' Spanja]] *[[Artiġjan]] *[[Artijiet Għoljin Ċentrali tas-Sri Lanka]] *[[As-Salt]] *[[Asmara]] * [[Assisi]] * [[Assi Ċentrali ta' Beijing]] * [[Assur]] * [[Astrofiżika]] *[[Asuman Baytop]] *[[Athos]] *[[Attrazzjonijiet Ewlenin tar-Renju Antik ta' Saba f'Marib]] *[[Auschwitz]] *[[Austin Camilleri]] *[[Ávila]] *[[Avukat]] === '''<u>B</u>''' === * [[Baalbek]] * [[Babilonja]] * [[Baċir tal-Lag ta' Uvs]] * [[Baċir tax-Xogħol fil-Minjieri ta' Nord-Pas de Calais]] * [[Baeza]] * [[Bagan]] * [[Baħar l-Abjad]] * [[Baħar l-Iswed]] *[[Baħar ta' Wadden]] *[[Baħar tar-Ramel tan-Namibja]] *[[Bajja ta' Dungonab]] *[[Bajja ta' Ha Long]] *[[Bajja ta' Tallinn]] *[[Bajja tal-Klieb il-Baħar]] *[[Bajjad]] *[[Baleron]] *[[Bamberg]] *[[Ban Chiang]] *[[Banská Štiavnica]] *[[Barbier]] *[[Bardejov]] *[[Barokk]] *[[Bartolomé de Escobedo]] *[[Bath, Somerset]] *[[Batlejka]] *[[Battaljun Mediku tal-Ospedalieri]] *[[Battir]] *[[Bauhaus u s-Siti tal-Moviment f'Weimar, f'Dessau u f'Bernau]] *[[Baxkortostan]] *[[Bażi tad-Data tal-Osservazzjoni tal-Kometi]] *[[Bażilika Ewfrasjana ta’ Poreč|Bażilika Ewfrasjana ta' Poreč]] *[[Bażilika ta' San Eġidju]] *[[Beatriz Carrillo]] *[[Beemster]] *[[Béguinage]] *[[Belintersat-1]] *[[BelKA]] *[[Belt Bajda ta' Tel Aviv – il-Moviment Modern]] *[[Belt Kolonjali ta' Santo Domingo]] *[[Belt Projbita]] *[[Belt Storika ta' Ahmadabad]] *[[Belt Storika tal-Kajr]] *[[Belt Storika tal-Moskej ta' Bagerhat]] *[[Belt ta' Guanajuato]] *[[Belt ta' New York]] *[[Belt ta' Vicenza u l-Vilel ta' Palladio fil-Veneto|Belt ta' Viċenza u l-Vilel ta' Palladio fil-Veneto]] *[[Belt Universitarja ta' Caracas]] *[[Bennej]] *[[Berġa tal-Italja, il-Belt Valletta]] *[[Berġa tal-Italja, il-Birgu]] *[[Bergpark Wilhelmshöhe]] *[[Bernard Grech]] *[[Betlem]] *[[Betti Alver]] *[[Burkhan Khaldun]] *[[Bidwi]] *[[Bieb il-Belt]] *[[Binjiet Gotiċi Vittorjani u tal-Art Deco ta' Mumbai]] *[[Binjiet Tradizzjonali tal-Asante]] *[[BirdLife International]] *[[Blat Imkenni ta' Bhimbetka]] *[[Bliet Antiki tal-Pyu]] *[[Bliet Kapitali tal-Qedem ta' Asuka u ta' Fujiwara]] *[[Bliet Kapitali u Oqbra tar-Renju Antik ta' Koguryo]] *[[Bliet Storiċi tal-Istrett ta' Malakka]] *[[Bobby Charlton]] *[[Bolgar]] *[[Bordeaux]] *[[Borobudur]] *[[Borża ta' Malta]] *[[Bosra]] *[[Bridgetown]] *[[Brook Taylor]] *[[Brú na Bóinne]] *[[Bruno Pizzul]] *[[Bryggen]] *[[Bucha]] *[[Buddha Ġgantesk ta' Leshan]] *[[Bugeddum Armen]] *[[Bukhara]] *[[Burt Bacharach]] *[[Buskett]] *[[Butrint]] *[[Byblos]] === '''<u>Ċ/C</u>''' === * [[Cáceres (Spanja)]] * [[Calakmul]] * [[Camagüey]] * [[Camino Real de Tierra Adentro]] * [[Campeche]] * [[Canal du Midi]] * [[Canaletto]] * [[Caral]] * [[Carcassonne]] *[[Carl Bosch]] *[[Carl David Anderson]] *[[Carl Linnaeus]] *[[Carla Fracci]] *[[Carlo Collodi]] *[[Caroline Mikkelsen]] *[[Casco Viejo, il-Panama]] *[[Castel del Monte, Puglia]] *[[Çatalhöyük]] *[[Causses u Cévennes]] *[[Ċellola]] *[[Ċensu Apap]] *[[Ċentru Kulturali ta' Heydar Aliyev]] *[[Ċentru Modernist tal-Belt ta' Gdynia]] *[[Ċentru Storiku ta' Lijiang]] *[[Ċentru Storiku ta' Macao]] *[[Ċentru Storiku ta' Rauma]] *[[Ċentru Storiku ta' Salvador de Bahia]] *[[Český Krumlov]] *[[Ċetta Chevalier]] *[[Chaîne des Puys]] *[[Chakapuli]] *[[Chan Chan]] *[[Changdeokgung]] *[[Chankillo]] *[[Charles Jean de la Vallée-Poussin]] *[[Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo]] *[[Charles Nicolle]] *[[Charles Richter]] *[[Charles Xuereb]] *[[Charlie Watts]] *[[Chavín]] *[[Choeung Ek]] *[[Chersonesus Tawrika]] *[[Chichén Itzá]] *[[Chilehaus]] *[[Choirokoitia]] *[[Christiansfeld]] *[[Christopher Polhem]] *[[Chun Wang]] *[[Cidade Velha]] *[[Cienfuegos]] *[[Ċikli ta' affreski tas-seklu 14 ta' Padova]] *[[Cinque Terre]] *[[Ċirkewwa]] *[[Ċiru l-Kbir]] *[[Ċittadella Imperjali ta' Thăng Long]] *[[Ċittadella ta' Erbil]] *[[Ċittadella tad-Dinastija Hồ]] *[[Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle]] *[[Climats u Terroirs ta' Bourgogne]] *[[Colonia del Sacramento]] *[[Copan]] *[[Córdoba, Spanja]] *[[Coro]] *[[Crespi d'Adda]] *[[Ċrieki tal-Ġebel tas-Senegambja]] *[[Cristofano Allori]] *[[Cuenca, l-Ekwador]] *[[Cuenca (Spanja)]] *[[Cueva de las Manos]] *[[Cumalıkızık]] *[[Curzio Maltese]] *[[Cusco]] *[[Cynthia Turner]] *[[Cyrene]] === '''<u>D</u>''' === * [[Daiga Mieriņa]] * [[Damasku]] * [[Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit]] * [[Danxia]] * [[Darius I]] *[[Dar ta’ Rietveld Schröder|Dar ta' Rietveld Schröder]] *[[Dar tal-Kimeri]] *[[Dar tat-Twelid ta' Martin Luteru]] *[[Dar u Studjo ta' Luis Barragán]] *[[Delos]] *[[Delphi]] *[[Delta ta' Saloum]] *[[Delta ta' Okavango]] *[[Delta tad-Danubju]] *[[Delta tax-xmara Kızılırmak]] *[[Demokrazija]] *[[Dengfeng]] *[[Dentist]] *[[Denys Shmyhal]] *[[Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu]] *[[Deżert ta' Badain Jaran]] *[[Deżert ta' Lut]] *[[Deżerta tal-isfarġel]] *[[Dholavira]] *[[Diamantina]] *[[Diana, Prinċipessa ta' Wales]] *[[Diaolou]] *[[Diga ta' Karakaya]] *[[Dikjarazzjoni tal-Indipendenza tal-Ukrajna]] *[[Dimitrana Ivanova]] *[[Distrett ta' At-Turaif]] *[[Diy-Gid-Biy]] *[[Dizzjunarju]] *[[Djalett]] *[[Djar Ewlenin ta' Victor Horta fi Brussell]] *[[Djémila]] *[[Djerba]] *[[DNA]] *[[Dolċier]] *[[Dolmen ta' Menga]] *[[Dolmen ta' Viera]] *[[Dolomiti]] *[[Domenico Allegri]] *[[Domenico Scarlatti]] *[[Domowina]] *[[Domus de Janas]] *[[Domus Rumana]] *[[Donatello]] *[[Dougga]] *[[Draginja Vuksanović-Stanković]] *[[Dubrovnik]] *[[Durmitor]] * [[Dwejra]] === '''<u>E</u>''' === * [[Edgar Preca]] * [[Edward Sexton]] * [[Edinburgu]] * [[Edward de Bono]] * [[Edwin Hubble]] * [[Efesu]] * [[Eise Eisinga]] *[[Ekonomista]] *[[Ekosistema u Relitt tal-Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta' Lopé-Okanda]] *[[El Escorial]] *[[El Jadida]] *[[El Tajin]] *[[El Torcal]] *[[Eladio Dieste]] *[[Eleonora Jenko Groyer]] *[[Elisha Graves Otis]] *[[Elvas]] *[[Emil Nolde]] *[[Emma Andrijewska]] *[[Emma Muscat]] *[[Ernst Schröder]] *[[Esperantoloġija]] *[[Essaouira]] *[[Estrazzjoni terminoloġika]] *[[Ethel Anderson]] *[[Eugenija Šimkūnaitė]] *[[Eugenio Montale]] *[[Eva Ahnert-Rohlfs]] *[[Evelyn Bonaci]] *[[Évora]] *[[Ewropa tal-Lvant]] === '''<u>F</u>''' === * [[Fabbrika ta' Fagus]] * [[Fabbrika ta' Van Nelle]] * [[Fabbrika tal-Azzar ta' Völklingen]] * [[Fabbrika tal-Ħadid ta' Engelsberg]] * [[Fabbrika tal-Ħarir ta' Tomioka]] * [[Fabbrika tal-Injam u tal-Kartun ta' Verla]] * [[Fabbriki tal-Wied ta' Derwent]] * [[Fanal ta' Cordouan]] * [[Fanjingshan]] * [[Fasil Ghebbi]] * [[Fatehpur Sikri]] * [[Fdalijiet Arkeoloġiċi ta' Moenjodaro]] * [[Fdalijiet ta' Gedi]] * [[Fdalijiet ta' León Viejo]] * [[Fdalijiet ta' Loropéni]] * [[Fdalijiet tal-Vihara Buddista f'Paharpur]] * [[Fehme Agani]] *[[Femminiżmu tar-Rom]] *[[Fenno-Skandinavja]] *[[Fernando Botero]] *[[Ferrara]] *[[Ferruccio Lamborghini]] *[[Festival ta' Sanremo]] *[[Fiera Internazzjonali ta' Rachid Karami f'Tripoli]] *[[Figolla]] *[[Firenze]] *[[Fjord tas-Silġ ta' Ilulissat]] *[[Fjords Norveġiżi tal-Punent]] *[[Flora Martirosian]] *[[Fondoq ta' Ironbridge]] *[[Foresti Antiki u Primordjali tal-Fagu tal-Karpazji u ta' Reġjuni Oħra tal-Ewropa]] *[[Foresti Irkanjani]] *[[Foresti Muntanjużi ta' Odzala-Kokoua]] *[[Foresti Sagri ta' Kaya tal-Mijikenda]] *[[Foresti tas-Siġar tar-Rand ta' Madeira]] *[[Foresti Tropikali ta' Gondwana]] *[[Foresti Tropikali tal-Atsinanana]] *[[Foresti Tropikali u Artijiet Mistagħdra Kolkiċi]] *[[Foresti Verġni ta' Komi]] *[[Formazzjonijiet u Għerien Karstiċi Evaporitiċi tar-Reġjun ta' Emilia Romagna]] *[[Forti l-Aħmar]] * [[Forti ta' Agra]] *[[Forti ta' Bahla]] *[[Forti ta' Galle]] *[[Forti ta' Ġesù]] *[[Forti ta' Rohtas]] *[[Fortifikazzjonijiet fuq in-Naħa tal-Karibew tal-Panama: Portobelo-San Lorenzo]] *[[Fortifikazzjonijiet ta’ Kotor|Fortifikazzjonijiet ta' Kotor]] *[[Fortifikazzjonijiet ta' Vauban]] *[[Fortijiet fl-Għoljiet ta' Rajasthan]] *[[Fortijiet u Kastelli tal-Ghana]] *[[Fortizza ta' Diyarbakır]] *[[Fortizza ta' Hwaseong]] *[[Fortizza ta' Pirot]] *[[Fortizza ta' San Nikola]] *[[Fortizza ta' Suomenlinna]] *[[Fortizzi ta' Dacia fil-Muntanji Orăștie]] *[[Fortizzi Tondi tal-Vikingi]] *[[Foss ta' Messel]] *[[Fotografu]] *[[Fram2]] *[[Francesco Guardi]] *[[François-Alphonse Forel]] *[[François Couperin]] *[[François Girardon]] *[[Francois Mauriac]] *[[Franco Migliacci]] *[[Franġisk Zahra]] *[[Frank Drake]] *[[Franz Beckenbauer]] *[[Franz Kafka]] *[[Franz Ritter von Hauer]] *[[Franz von Suppé]] *[[Frawla]] *[[Fray Bentos]] *[[Frédéric Bartholdi]] *[[Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve]] *[[Fritz Albert Lipmann]] *[[Frosta tal-Għid]] * [[Frott]] * [[Fruntieri Rumani Ġermaniċi t'Isfel]] * [[Fruntieri Rumani ta' Dacia]] * [[Fruntieri Rumani tad-Danubju]] * [[Fruntieri tal-Imperu Ruman]] *[[Fuji]] *[[Furnar]] === '''<u>Ġ</u>''' === * [[Ġardinar]] *[[Ġebla ta' Rosetta]] * [[Ġebla tal-Ġeneral]] * [[Ġeoloġija]] * [[Ġeriko tal-Qedem]] * [[Ġerusalemm]] * [[Ġibjun ta' Bovilla]] * [[Ġibjun ta' Kiev]] * [[Ġnien Botaniku ta' Padova]] * [[Ġnien Persjan]] * [[Ġobon ta' Jāņi]] * [[Ġonna Botaniċi Rjali ta' Kew]] * [[Ġonna Botaniċi ta' Singapore]] * [[Ġonna Klassiċi ta' Suzhou]] * [[Ġonna ta' Hevsel]] * [[Ġonna ta' Shalimar]] * [[Ġorġ Mallia]] *[[Ġurnalist]] === '''<u>G</u>''' === * [[Gammelstad]] * [[Gamzigrad]] * [[Gati tal-Punent]] * [[Gebel Barkal]] * [[Geirangerfjord]] * [[Genova: It-Toroq Ġodda u s-Sistema tal-Palazzi tal-Listi]] *[[Georg Ohm]] *[[Georg von Békésy]] *[[George Gallup]] *[[Georges Bernanos]] *[[Georges J.F. Kohler]] *[[Gerbrand van den Eeckhout]] *[[Getbol, il-Pjanuri tal-Marea tal-Korea t'Isfel]] *[[Ghadamès]] *[[Giacomo Barozzi da Vignola]] *[[Giacomo Zanella]] *[[Giampiero Galeazzi]] *[[Gianni Vella]] *[[Gigi Riva]] *[[Giorgia Meloni]] *[[Giorgio Vasari]] *[[Giosuè Carducci]] *[[Giotto]] *[[Giovanni Arduino]] *[[Giovanni Battista Belzoni]] *[[Giovanni Boccaccio]] *[[Giovanni Paisiello]] *[[Giovanni Papini]] *[[Giulio Natta]] *[[Gjirokastër]] *[[Glossarju]] *[[Göbekli Tepe]] *[[Goffredo Mameli]] *[[Goiás]] *[[Golf ta' California]] *[[Golf ta' Porto]] *[[Gonbad-e Qābus]] *[[Gordion]] *[[Gösta Mittag-Leffler]] *[[Gotiku]] *[[Gozinaki]] *[[Gran Ordni tar-Re Tomislav]] *[[Grand Pré]] *[[Grand-Bassam]] *[[Grand Place, Brussell]] *[[Graz]] *[[Grazia Deledda]] *[[Greenland]] *[[Gregorio Allegri]] *[[Gremxula ta' Malta]] *[[Grotta ta' Chauvet]] *[[Grotti ta' Longmen]] *[[Grotti ta' Yungang]] *[[Grupp ta' Monumenti ta' Khajuraho]] *[[Grupp ta' Monumenti ta' Mahabalipuram]] *[[Guillaume Cornelis van Beverloo]] *[[Guimarães]] *[[Gustave Charpentier]] * [[Gżejjer Eolji]] * [[Gżejjer Falkland]] * [[Gżejjer Galapagos]] * [[Gżejjer Marquesas]] * [[Gżejjer Solovetsky]] * [[Gżejjer Sub-Antartiċi ta' New Zealand]] * [[Gżejjer ta' Amami-Ōshima, ta' Tokunoshima u ta' Iriomote, u t-Tramuntana ta' Okinawa]] * [[Gżejjer ta' Ogasawara]] * [[Gżejjer tal-Blat]] * [[Gżejjer tal-Qroll ta' Aldabra]] * [[Gżejjer tal-Qroll ta' Bikini]] * [[Gżejjer tal-Qroll ta' Rocas]] * [[Gżejjer tan-Nofsinhar u Ibħra Awstrali Franċiżi]] * [[Gżira Heard u l-Gżejjer McDonald]] * [[Gżira Inaċċessibbli]] * [[Gżira Sagra ta' Okinoshima u Siti Assoċjati fir-Reġjun ta' Munakata]] * [[Gżira ta' Cocos]] * [[Gżira ta' Fraser]] * [[Gżira ta' Gorée]] * [[Gżira ta' Henderson]] *[[Gżira ta' Jeju]] *[[Gżira ta' Kunta Kinteh]] *[[Gżira ta' Lord Howe]] *[[Gżira ta' Macquarie]] *[[Gżira ta' Mozambique]] *[[Gżira ta' Pico]] *[[Gżira ta' Robben]] *[[Gżira ta' Saint-Louis]] *[[Gżira ta' Tiwai]] *[[Gżira ta' Wrangel]] *[[Gżira tal-Mużewijiet]] === '''<u>GĦ</u>''' === * [[Għajn Tuffieħa]] * [[Għalliem]] *[[Għar Dalam]] *[[Għar ta' Altamira]] *[[Għar ta' Gorham]] *[[Għar ta' Karain]] *[[Għar ta' Optymistychna]] *[[Għar ta' Vjetrenica]] *[[Għar tal-Apokalissi]] *[[Għar tal-Irħam]] *[[Għar tas-Silġ ta' Dobšiná]] *[[Għarb]] *[[Għelieqi Mtarrġa tar-Ross tal-Cordilleras tal-Filippini]] *[[Għerien Karstiċi ta' Aggtelek u tas-Slovakkja]] *[[Għerien ta' Ajanta]] *[[Għerien ta' Elephanta]] *[[Għerien ta' Ellora]] *[[Għerien ta' Mogao]] *[[Għerien ta’ Škocjan|Għerien ta' Škocjan]] *[[Għerien u Arti tal-Era Glaċjali fil-Jura tas-Swabja]] *[[Għid]] *[[Għoljiet, Djar u Kantini ta' Champagne]] *[[Għoljiet Sagri ta' Piemonte u ta' Lombardia]] *[[Għoljiet ta' Donets]] *[[Għoljiet ta' Matobo]] *[[Għoljiet tal-Prosecco ta' Conegliano u Valdobbiadene]] === '''<u>H</u>''' === * [[Hagia Sophia]] * [[Hahoe]] * [[Haley Bugeja]] * [[Halloumi]] * [[Hallstatt]] * [[Hampi]] *[[Hans Geiger]] *[[Hans Memling]] *[[Hans Sloane]] *[[Hans Spemann]] *[[Harar]] *[[Harry Belafonte]] *[[Hatı Çırpan]] *[[Hatra]] *[[Hattusha]] *[[Hawa Mahal]] *[[Hebron]] *[[Hedeby]] *[[Hegmataneh]] *[[Hegra]] *[[Heinrich Hertz]] *[[Helena Kottler Vurnik]] *[[Henri Fantin-Latour]] *[[Henri Frederic Amiel]] *[[Hermannus Contractus]] *[[Hideki Shirakawa]] *[[Hideki Yukawa]] *[[Hildesheim]] *[[Höga Kusten]] *[[Hoh Xil]] *[[Hội An]] *[[Holašovice]] *[[Hollókő]] *[[Hongcun]] *[[Hospicio Cabañas]] *[[Hospital de Sant Pau]] *[[Hovgården]] *[[Howard Carter]] *[[Hryhorii Kvitka-Osnovianenko]] *[[Huangshan]] *[[Hubert de Givenchy]] === '''<u>Ħ</u>''' === * [[Ħaġar Megalitiku ta' Carnac]] * [[Ħaġar ta' Jelling]] * [[Ħajja]] *[[Ħajt il-Kbir taċ-Ċina]] *[[Ħitan Rumani ta' Lugo]] *[[Ħsad tal-Perli fil-Bahrain]] *[[Ħuta]] === '''<u>I</u>''' === * [[Ibn Battuta]] * [[ICOMOS]] * [[Idolu ta' Shigir]] * [[Idrija]] * [[Idrijski žlikrofi]] * [[Ilha Grande]] * [[Il'ja Prigožini]] * [[Impjant Nukleari ta' Zaporizhzhia]] *[[Impjant tal-Ippompjar bl-Istim ta' Wouda]] *[[Impjanti tan-Nitrat tal-Potassju ta' Humberstone u ta' Santa Laura]] *[[Inara Luigas]] *[[Inċiżjonijiet fuq il-Blat f’Valcamonica|Inċiżjonijiet fuq il-Blat f'Valcamonica]] *[[Independence Hall]] *[[Indiċi]] *[[Industrija tal-lavanja f'Wales]] *[[Ingredjent]] *[[Intaljatur]] *[[Internet]] *[[Ipoġew ta’ Ħal Saflieni|Ipoġew ta' Ħal Saflieni]] * [[Ipproċessar testwali]] * [[Irdumijiet ta' Bandiagara]] * [[Iremel]] * [[Irħula Antiki ta' Djenné]] * [[Irħula Kbar bi Spa fl-Ewropa]] * [[Irpin]] * [[Irziezet Imżejnin ta' Hälsingland]] *[[Isabella d'Este]] *[[ISBN]] *[[Istitut tar-Riċerka dwar il-Foresti tal-Malażja]] *[[Istmu Kuronjan]] *[[Ivan Turgenev]] *[[Ivrea]] === '''<u>J</u>''' === * [[Jabal Amil]] * [[Jacinto Benavente]] * [[Jaipur]] * [[Jakob Bogdani]] * [[Jan Novák]] *[[Jantar Mantar, Jaipur]] *[[Jarrod Sammut]] *[[Jean Antoine Houdon]] *[[Jean Dieudonné]] *[[Jean Picard]] *[[Jebel Faya]] *[[Jeddah]] *[[Jodensavanne]] *[[Joggins]] *[[Johann Christian Bach]] *[[Johan Jensen]] *[[John Edward Critien]] *[[John Kendrew]] *[[John Strutt Rayleigh]] *[[Jongmyo]] *[[Jørgen Pedersen Gram]] *[[Josef Hoffman]] *[[Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac]] *[[Joya de Cerén]] *[[Jože Plečnik]] *[[Jules Pascin]] *[[Julia Malinova]] *[[Julia Sanina]] *[[Júlia Sigmond]] *[[Julio Baghy]] *[[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] *[[Jum il-Ġifa]] *[[Jum il-Lingwa Erżjana]] *[[Jum l-Ewropa]] *[[Jum Zamenhof]] === '''<u>K</u>''' === * [[Kaċċa bl-ajkli]] * [[Kairouan]] * [[Kaja Kallas]] *[[Kalwaria Zebrzydowska]] *[[Kampnari tal-Belġju u ta' Franza]] *[[Kanal il-Kbir (iċ-Ċina)]] *[[Kanal ta' Rideau]] *[[Kanali ta' Amsterdam]] *[[Kandy]] *[[Kappella]] *[[Karavanseraj Persjani]] *[[Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi]] *[[Karl Ferdinand Braun]] *[[Karl Weierstrass]] *[[Karlskrona]] *[[Karlu III]] *[[Kasbah tal-Alġier]] *[[Kaskati ta' Galdelsha]] *[[Kaskati ta' Vitorja]] *[[Kastell ta' Alamut]] *[[Kastell ta' Ankara]] *[[Kastell ta' Durham]] *[[Kastell ta' Himeji]] *[[Kastell ta’ Kroměříž|Kastell ta' Kroměříž]] *[[Kastell ta' Kronborg]] *[[Kastell ta' Kuressaare]] *[[Kastell ta’ Litomyšl|Kastell ta' Litomyšl]] *[[Kastell ta' Lubart]] *[[Kastell ta’ Malbork|Kastell ta' Malbork]] *[[Kastell ta' Nesvizh]] *[[Kastell ta' Neuschwanstein]] *[[Kastell ta' Paphos]] *[[Kastell ta' San Pedro de la Roca]] *[[Kastell ta' Spiš]] *[[Kastell ta' Wartburg]] *[[Kastell ta' Zerzevan]] *[[Kastelli ta' Augustusburg u Falkenlust fi Brühl]] *[[Kastelli ta' Bellinzona]] *[[Kastelli u Swar tal-Irħula tar-Re Dwardu fi Gwynedd]] *[[Katarina Vitale]] * [[Katidral]] *[[Katidral ta' Aachen]] *[[Katidral ta' Amiens]] *[[Katidral ta' Bourges]] *[[Katidral ta' Burgos]] *[[Katidral ta' Canterbury]] *[[Katidral ta' Chartres]] *[[Katidral ta' Köln]] *[[Katidral ta' León, Nikaragwa]] *[[Katidral ta' Naumburg]] *[[Katidral ta' Reims]] *[[Katidral ta' Roskilde]] *[[Katidral ta' Santa Sofija (Kiev)]] *[[Katidral ta’ Šibenik|Katidral ta' Šibenik]] *[[Katidral ta' Speyer]] *[[Katidral ta' Tournai]] *[[Katidral ta' Zvartnots]] *[[Katidral tat-Tlugħ is-Sema tal-Madonna ta' Kiev]] *[[Katidral tat-Trasfigurazzjoni, Dnipro]] *[[Katina Muntanjuża ta' Ennedi]] *[[Katina Muntanjuża ta’ Meskheti]] *[[Katina Muntanjuża ta' Mulanje]] *[[Katsiaryna Barysevich]] *[[Kauksi Ülle]] *[[Kaunas]] *[[Kavallier ta' Madara]] * [[Kavallier ta’ San Ġakbu|Kavallier ta' San Ġakbu]] * [[Kawkasu tal-Punent]] * [[KazCosmos]] *[[Kelma]] *[[Kerkuane]] *[[Kernavė]] *[[Kewkbet is-Safar]] *[[Khafre]] *[[Khami]] *[[Khinalug]] *[[Khiva]] *[[Khor Rori]] *[[Khorramabad]] *[[Khuttal]] *[[Kibbeh]] *[[Kiki Kogelnik]] *[[Kinderdijk]] *[[Kirurgu]] *[[Kizhi Pogost]] *[[Kladruby nad Labem]] * [[Klima ta' Malta]] * [[Klondike]] * [[Kluane / Wrangell–St. Elias / Bajja tal-Glaċieri / Tatshenshini-Alsek]] * [[Knarik Vardanyan]] * [[Knejjes Barokki tal-Filippini]] * [[Knejjes Imħaffrin fil-Blat ta' Ivanovo]] * [[Knejjes Imħaffrin fil-Blat ta' Lalibela]] *[[Knejjes Impittrin fir-Reġjun ta’ Troodos|Knejjes Impittrin fir-Reġjun ta' Troodos]] *[[Knejjes Rumaneski Katalani tal-Vall de Boí]] *[[Knejjes ta' Chiloé]] *[[Knejjes tal-Injam ta' Maramureș]] *[[Knejjes tal-Injam tal-Karpazji Slovakki]] *[[Knejjes tal-Injam tan-Nofsinhar ta’ Małopolskie]] *[[Knejjes tal-Iskola tal-Arkitettura ta' Pskov]] *[[Knejjes tal-Moldavja]] *[[Knejjes tal-Paċi]] *[[Knejjes u Kunventi ta' Goa]] *[[Knisja Antika ta' Petäjävesi]] *[[Knisja ta' Atlántida]] *[[Knisja ta' Boyana]] *[[Knisja ta' San Ġwann f'Kaneo]] *[[Knisja ta' San Nikola tas-Saqaf]] *[[Knisja ta' Santa Margerita]] *[[Knisja ta' Santa Marija tal-Grazzji (Milan)|Knisja ta' Santa Marija tal-Grazzji, Milan]] *[[Knisja tal-Injam ta' Urnes]] *[[Knisja tal-Paċi fi Świdnica]] *[[Knisja tal-Pellegrinaġġ ta' San Ġwann ta' Nepomuk|Knisja tal-Pellegrinaġġ ta’ San Ġwann ta' Nepomuk]] *[[Knisja tal-Pellegrinaġġi ta' Wies]] *[[Knisja tal-Verġni Marija ta' Arakos]] *[[Knisja tal-Vitorja]] *[[Koh Ker]] *[[Kok]] *[[Kolomenskoye]] *[[Kolonja tal-Artisti ta' Darmstadt]] *[[Kolonji tal-Benevolenza]] *[[Kolonna ta' Ġuljanu]] *[[Kolonna tat-Trinità Mqaddsa, Olomouc]] * [[Kolossew]] * [[Konso]] *[[Konversazzjoni]] *[[Korfù]] *[[Kosta Ġurassika]] *[[Kosta ta' Amalfi]] *[[Kosta ta' Ningaloo]] *[[Kostituzzjoni ta’ Malta|Kostituzzjoni ta' Malta]] *[[Kotlovina]] *[[Koutammakou]] *[[Krak des Chevaliers]] *[[Krakovja]] *[[Krater ta' Logoisk]] *[[Krater ta' Vredefort]] *[[Kremlin ta' Kazan]] *[[Kremlin ta’ Moska|Kremlin ta' Moska]] *[[Kreta]] *[[Krisztina Tóth]] *[[Krzemionki]] *[[Ksour Antiki ta' Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt u Oualata]] *[[Kubdari]] *[[Kujataa]] *[[Kulangsu]] *[[Kuldīga]] *[[Kulleġġ Navali Rjali Antik]] *[[Kultura ta' Chaco]] *[[Kultura ta' Chinchorro]] *[[Kultura ta' Liangzhu]] *[[Kumpanija Ferrovjarja Retika]] *[[Kumpless Modern ta' Pampulha]] *[[Kumpless Monumentali ta' Brâncuși f'Târgu Jiu]] *[[Kumpless ta' Konservazzjoni tal-Amażonja Ċentrali]] *[[Kumpless ta' W-Arly-Pendjari]] *[[Kumpless tal-Bażar Storiku ta' Tabriz]] *[[Kumpless tal-Foresti ta' Dong Phayayen-Khao Yai]] *[[Kumpless tal-Foresta ta' Kaeng Krachan]] *[[Kumpless tal-Kastell ta' Mir]] *[[Kumpless tal-Khānegāh u tas-Santwarju tax-Xejikk Safi al-din f'Ardabil]] *[[Kumpless tal-Monumenti ta' Huế]] *[[Kumpless tal-Muntanji u tat-Tempji ta' Chengde]] *[[Kumpless tal-Oqbra ta' Koguryo]] *[[Kumpless tal-Pajsaġġ ta' Tràng An]] *[[Kumpless u l-Estancias tal-Ġiżwiti ta' Córdoba]] *[[Kumplessi Monastiċi Armeni tal-Iran]] *[[Kumplessi Petroglifiċi tal-Altai tal-Mongolja]] *[[Kumplessi Sagri tal-Hoysala]] *[[Kumitat tal-Wirt Dinji]] *[[Kunvent Benedittin ta' San Ġwann f'Müstair]] *[[Kunvent ta' Kristu f'Tomar]] *[[Kunvent ta' Spiš]] *[[Kunvent ta’ Novodevichy|Kunvent ta' Novodevichy]] *[[Kunya-Urgench]] *[[Kuruna ta' Zvonimir]] *[[Kutná Hora]] === '''<u>L</u>''' === * [[L-Arti]] * [[L-Ewwel Mara jew Raġel ta' Malta]] * [[Lag ta' Baikal]] * [[Lag ta' Brebeneskul]] * [[Lag ta' Kezenoyam]] * [[Lag ta' Laach]] * [[Lag tal-Punent, Hangzhou]] * [[Lagi ta' Ounianga]] * [[Lag ta' Skadar]] * [[Lagi ta' Willandra]] * [[Lake District]] * [[Lamu]] *[[Landier]] *[[Lapponja Żvediża]] *[[Las Médulas]] *[[Lascaux]] *[[Lavaux]] *[[Lavra tat-Trinità ta' San Serġjo]] *[[Lazzaro Pisani]] *[[Le Corbusier]] *[[Le Havre]] *[[Le Locle]] *[[Léon Werth]] *[[Leptis Magna]] *[[Lessikoloġija]] * [[Lessiku]] * [[Letoon]] * [[Lev Davidovich Landau]] * [[Lev Semenovič Pontrjagin]] * [[Levoča, il-Kastell ta' Spiš u l-monumenti kulturali assoċjati]] * [[Levuka]] * [[Leyla Mammadbeyova]] * [[Liftijiet Idrawliċi tal-Canal du Centre]] *[[Lika Kavzharadze]] *[[Lima]] *[[Lingwa Erżjana]] *[[Lingwa Ġermaniża]] *[[Linja ferrovjarja ta’ Semmering|Linja ferrovjarja ta' Semmering]] *[[Linja Ferrovjarja Trans-Iranjana]] *[[Linji Ferrovjarji tal-Muntanji tal-Indja]] *[[Linji ta' Nazca]] *[[Linji tal-Ilma Difensivi Olandiżi]] *[[Lista ta’ binjiet ta’ Gaudí]] *[[Lista ta' kumpaniji elenkati fil-Borża ta' Malta]] *[[Lista ta' Membri tal-Parlament ta' Malta, 2017–2022]] *[[Lista ta' peniżoli]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji f'Andorra]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji f'Ċipru]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji f'Iżrael]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji f'Kuba]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji f'Madagascar]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji f'Malta]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji f'San Marino]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fi Franza]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fi Spanja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji taċ-Ċekja|Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fiċ-Ċekja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fiċ-Ċilì]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fiċ-Ċina]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fid-Danimarka]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Bangladesh]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Belarussja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Belġju]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Bożnija-Ħerzegovina]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Brażil]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Bulgarija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Filippini]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Finlandja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Ġappun]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Ġermanja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Ġordan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Georgia]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Greċja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Jemen]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Kambodja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Kanada]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Karibew]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Każakistan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Kenja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Kirgistan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Kolombja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Korea t'Isfel]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Korea ta' Fuq]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Kroazja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Laos]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Latvja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Litwanja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Lussemburgu]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Lvant tal-Asja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Lvant tal-Ewropa]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Maċedonja ta' Fuq]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Malażja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Marokk]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Mauritania]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Messiku]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Moldova]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Mongolja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Montenegro]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Myanmar]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Pakistan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Palestina]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Perù]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Polonja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Portugall]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Punent tal-Asja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Punent tal-Ewropa]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fil-Vjetnam]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fin-Nepal]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fin-Netherlands]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fin-Nofsinhar tal-Asja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fin-Nofsinhar tal-Ewropa]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fin-Norveġja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fir-Renju Unit]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fir-Rumanija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fir-Russja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fis-Serbja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fis-Sirja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fis-Slovakkja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fis-Slovenja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fis-Sri Lanka]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Taġikistan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Tajlandja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Tanzanija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Tramuntana tal-Asja u fl-Asja Ċentrali]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Tramuntana tal-Ewropa]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Tuneżija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Turkija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fit-Turkmenistan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fix-Xlokk tal-Asja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Afganistan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Afrika]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Afrika t'Isfel]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Albanija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Amerka Ċentrali]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Amerka t'Isfel]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Amerka ta' Fuq]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Arabja Sawdija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Arġentina]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Armenja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Awstralja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Awstrija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Ażerbajġan]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Eġittu]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Estonja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Etjopja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Indja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Indoneżja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Iran]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Irlanda]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Istati Għarab]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Istati Uniti]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Italja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Iżlanda]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Iżvezja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Iżvizzera]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Oċeanja]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Ukrajna]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Ungerija]] *[[Lista ta' Siti ta' Wirt Dinji fl-Użbekistan]] *[[Liz Truss]] *[[Loġġa tal-Ħarir]] *[[Longobardi fl-Italja: Postijiet tal-Poter (568-774 W.K.)]] *[[Lorenzo de' Medici]] *[[Lorenzo Gafà]] *[[Lorenzo Valla]] *[[Luang Prabang]] *[[Lübeck]] *[[Luca Parmitano]] *[[Lucavsala]] *[[Lucia Piussi]] *[[Lučka Kajfež Bogataj]] *[[Ludmila tal-Boemja]] *[[Ludovico Ariosto]] *[[Ludovico Carracci]] *[[Ludwik Lejzer Zamenhof]] *[[Luigi Boccherini]] *[[Luigi Galvani]] *[[Luigi Pirandello]] *[[Lumbini]] *[[Luna 26]] *[[Lunenburg]] *[[Lvant ta' Rennell]] *[[Lviv]] *[[Lyon]] *[[Lyubov Panchenko]] === '''<u>M</u>''' === * [[Maċedonit]] * [[Machu Picchu]] * [[Madinat Al-Zahra]] *[[Mafkar tal-Paċi ta' Hiroshima]] *[[Magda Šaturová-Seppová]] *[[Maison Carrée]] * [[Malta taħt il-Franċiżi]] *[[Maltin]] *[[Måneskin]] *[[Manhush]] *[[Manto Mavrogenous]] *[[Mantova]] *[[Margaret Abela]] *[[Maria De Filippi]] *[[Maria Dobroniega ta' Kiev]] *[[Maria Grollmuß]] *[[Marian Smoluchowski]] *[[Mario Draghi]] *[[Mário Zagallo]] *[[Marrakesh]] *[[Marta Kos]] *[[Martinu I ta' Sqallija]] *[[Mary Chronopoulou]] *[[Mary Fenech Adami]] *[[Mary Moser]] *[[Masada]] *[[Masġar tal-Palm ta' Elche]] *[[Maurizio Costanzo]] *[[Mawżolew ta’ Khoja Ahmed Yasawi]] *[[Maymand]] *[[Mbanza Kongo]] *[[Medalja ta' Marian Smoluchowski]] *[[Medina ta' Sousse]] *[[Mehmet Ali Ağca]] *[[Melka Kunture]] *[[Mérida (Spanja)]] *[[Merill]] *[[Meroe]] *[[Merv]] *[[Meteora]] *[[Michael Refalo]] *[[Michail Glinka]] *[[Mikhail Ostrogradsky]] *[[Milan]] *[[Mileva Filipović]] *[[Mimoza Kusari-Lila]] *[[Mina tal-Imħabba ta' Klevan]] *[[Minaret ta' Jam]] *[[Minjiera Storika tal-Fidda f'Tarnowskie Góry]] *[[Minjiera tal-Faħam ta' Ombilin]] *[[Minjiera tal-Fidda ta' Iwami Ginzan]] *[[Minjiera tal-Melħ ta’ Wieliczka]] *[[Minjiera tar-Ram ta' Falun]] *[[Minjieri tad-Deheb tal-Gżira ta' Sado]] *[[Minjieri taż-Żnied Neolitiċi ta' Spiennes]] *[[Mira Alečković]] *[[Mirella Freni]] *[[Miroslav Řepa]] *[[Missjonijiet Franġiskani fis-Sierra Gorda ta' Querétaro]] *[[Missjonijiet ta' San Antonio]] *[[Missjonijiet tal-Ġiżwiti fost il-Guarani]] *[[Missjonijiet tal-Ġiżwiti ta' Chiquitos]] *[[Missjonijiet tal-Ġiżwiti ta' La Santísima Trinidad de Paraná u Jesús de Tavarangue]] *[[Mnajdra]] *[[Modena]] *[[Mogħdija tal-Ġgant]] *[[Moidam]] *[[Monasteri fuq ix-xaqlibiet ta' Popocatépetl]] *[[Monasteri ta' Yuso u ta' Suso]] *[[Monasteru ta' Alcobaça]] *[[Monasteru ta' Batalha]] *[[Monasteru ta' Ferapontov]] *[[Monasteru ta' Gelati]] *[[Monasteru ta' Geghard]] *[[Monasteru ta’ Gračanica|Monasteru ta' Gračanica]] *[[Monasteru ta' Haghpat]] *[[Monasteru ta' Hoge]] *[[Monasteru ta' Horezu]] *[[Monasteru ta' Hosios Loukas]] *[[Monasteru ta' Maulbronn]] *[[Monasteru ta' Neghuts]] *[[Monasteru ta' Poblet]] *[[Monasteru ta' Rila]] *[[Monasteru ta' San Ġwann it-Teologu]] *[[Monasteru ta' San Ilarjun]] *[[Monasteru ta' Sanahin]] *[[Monasteru ta' Santa Katarina]] *[[Monasteru ta' Sopoćani]] *[[Monasteru ta' Studenica]] *[[Monasteru ta' Voroneț]] *[[Monasteru tal-Ġlormini]] *[[Monasteru Rjali ta' Santa Marija ta' Guadalupe]] *[[Monika Kryemadhi]] *[[Møns Klint]] *[[Mont-Saint-Michel]] *[[Monte Albán]] *[[Monte San Giorgio]] *[[Monte Titano]] *[[Monticello]] * [[Monument]] * [[Monument Nazzjonali ta' Żimbabwe l-Kbir]] * [[Monumenti Bojod ta' Vladimir u ta' Suzdal]] * [[Monumenti Buddisti fl-inħawi ta' Hōryū-ji]] * [[Monumenti Paleokristjani u Biżantini ta' Thessaloniki]] * [[Monumenti Rumani, il-Katidral ta' San Pietru u l-Knisja tal-Madonna fi Trier]] * [[Monumenti Storiċi f'Novgorod u fl-Inħawi]] * [[Monumenti Storiċi ta' Kjoto Antika (Bliet ta' Kjoto, Uji u Ōtsu)]] * [[Monumenti Storiċi ta' Makli]] *[[Monumenti Storiċi ta' Nara]] *[[Monumenti ta' Oviedo u tar-Renju tal-Asturjas]] *[[Monumenti tal-Ġebel taċ-Ċriev]] *[[Monumenti u Siti Storiċi f'Kaesong]] *[[Monumenti u Siti Storiċi ta' Hiraizumi]] *[[Morelia]] *[[Moritz Cantor]] *[[Moskea Antika ta' Edirne]] *[[Moskea l-Kbira u Sptar ta' Divriği]] *[[Moskea ta' Arif Agha]] *[[Moskea ta’ Selimiye, Edirne]] *[[Moskea tal-Ġimgħa ta' Esfahan]] *[[Moskea tat-Tatari]] *[[Moskej bi stil Sudaniż fit-Tramuntana tal-Kosta tal-Avorju]] *[[Moskej tal-Pilastri tal-Injam tal-Anatolja Medjevali]] *[[Motoori Norinaga]] *[[Mramorje]] *[[Mtskheta]] *[[Mtsvane]] *[[Muhammad al-Idrisi]] *[[Muħammed]] *[[Muniċipju ta' Bremen]] *[[Muntanja Pelée]] *[[Muntanja Qingcheng]] *[[Muntanja ta' Kumgang]] *[[Muntanja Wutai]] *[[Muntanji Blu u John Crow]] *[[Muntanji Makhonjwa ta' Barberton]] *[[Muntanji ta' Homolje]] *[[Muntanji tad-Deheb ta' Altai]] *[[Muntanji tal-Krimea]] *[[Muntanji Wudang]] *[[Muntanji Wuyi]] *[[Mużew Brittaniku]] *[[Mużew Nazzjonali tal-Montenegro]] *[[Mużew ta' Plantin-Moretus]] *[[Mużew ta' Trojja]] *[[Myśliwska]] *[[Mystras]] === '''<u>N</u>''' === * [[Nærøyfjord]] * [[Nadur]] * [[Naftalan]] * [[Nagorno-Karabakh]] * [[Naħla tal-għasel ta' Malta]] * [[Nalanda Mahavihara]] * [[Namhansanseong]] * [[Nancy]] * [[Nan Madol]] *[[Napli]] *[[Naryn-Kala]] *[[Nataliya Kobrynska]] *[[Nea Moni ta' Chios]] *[[Nekropoli]] *[[Nekropoli ta' Beit She'arim]] *[[Nekropoli ta' Monterozzi]] *[[Nemrut Dağı]] *[[Nessebar]] *[[New Lanark]] *[[New Secret (jott)]] *[[Nexhmije Pagarusha]] *[[Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc]] *[[Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot]] *[[Nicolas Flamel]] *[[Nicolau Coelho]] *[[Nida]] *[[Nika Križnar]] *[[Nikkō]] *[[Nil]] *[[Nino Ramishvili]] *[[Nisa (Turkmenistan)]] *[[Nisa f’Malta]] *[[Nisa fl-elezzjonijiet ġenerali ta’ Malta]] *[[Nizza]] *[[Norman Morrison]] *[[Nutar]] === '''<u>O</u>''' === * [[Oażi ta' Al-Ahsa]] * [[Olga Tass]] *[[Olimpja]] *[[Olinda]] *[[Ophrys caucasica|''Ophrys caucasica'']] *[[Oplontis]] *[[Opri Venezjani tad-Difiża bejn is-sekli 15 u 17: Stato da Terra – Stato da Mar tal-Punent]] *[[Oqbra imperjali tad-dinastija Xixia]] *[[Oqbra imperjali tad-dinastiji Ming u Qing]] *[[Oqbra Rjali tad-Dinastija Joseon]] *[[Oqbra ta' Mozu]] *[[Oqbra tar-Rejiet ta' Buganda f'Kasubi]] *[[Orthohantavirus]] *[[Ortografija Litwana]] *[[Osservatorji Astronomiċi tal-Università Federali ta' Kazan]] *[[Osservatorju ta' Črni Vrh]] *[[Osservatorju ta' Jodrell Bank]] *[[Osservatorju ta' Rozhen]] *[[Osun-Osogbo]] *[[Otto Toeplitz]] *[[Ouro Preto]] === '''<u>P</u>''' === * [[Pablo Neruda]] * [[Pagoda ta' Vinh Nghiem]] * [[Pajsaġġ Agrikolu tan-Nofsinhar ta' Öland]] * [[Pajsaġġ Arkeoloġiku tal-Ewwel Pjantaġġuni tal-Kafè fix-Xlokk ta' Kuba]] * [[Pajsaġġ Arkeoloġiku tas-Sassanidi fil-Provinċja ta' Fars]] * [[Pajsaġġ Industrijali ta' Blaenavon]] * [[Pajsaġġ Karstiku tan-Nofsinhar taċ-Ċina]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta' ǂKhomani]] * [[Pajsaġġi Kulturali ta' Bassari, Fula u Bedik]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta' Budj Bim]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta' Gedeo]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta' Hawraman/Uramanat]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta' Le Morne]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta’ Lednice-Valtice]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali ta' Sukur]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali tal-Għelieqi Mtarrġa tar-Ross ta' Honghe Hani]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali tal-Kafè tal-Kolombja]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali tal-Lag ta' Kenozero]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali tal-Wied ta' Orkhon]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali tat-Tinqix fuq il-Blat f'Gobustan]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali tat-Tpittir fuq il-Blat ta' Zuojiang]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali u Botaniku ta' Richtersveld]] * [[Pajsaġġ Kulturali u l-Fdalijiet Arkeoloġiċi tal-Wied ta' Bamiyan]] * [[Pajsaġġ Migratorju ta' Boma–Badingilo]] * [[Pajsaġġi Militari tal-Imperu Maratha fl-Indja]] * [[Pajsaġġ tal-Kaċċa Medjevali fit-Tramuntana ta' Zealand]] * [[Pajsaġġ tal-Vinji ta' Piemonte: Langhe-Roero u Monferrato]] * [[Pajsaġġ tax-Xogħol fil-Minjieri ta' Cornwall u l-Punent ta' Devon]] * [[Pajsaġġi ta' Dauria]] * [[Pál Maléter]] * [[Palazz Irjali ta' Aranjuez]] *[[Palazz Irjali ta' Caserta]] *[[Palazz Mariinskyi]] *[[Palazz ta' Blenheim]] *[[Palazz ta’ Djoklezjanu|Palazz ta' Djoklezjanu]] *[[Palazz ta' Drottningholm]] *[[Palazz ta' Eggenberg]] *[[Palazz ta' Fontainebleau]] *[[Palazz ta' Golestan]] *[[Palazz ta' Ishak Paşa]] *[[Palazz ta' Mafra]] *[[Palazz ta' Orbeliani]] *[[Palazz ta' Potala]] *[[Palazz ta’ Schönbrunn|Palazz ta' Schönbrunn]] *[[Palazz ta’ Stoclet|Palazz ta' Stoclet]] *[[Palazz ta' Versailles]] *[[Palazz tal-Khan]] *[[Palazz tas-Sajf]] *[[Palazz tax-Shirvanshah]] *[[Palazzi Minojċi]] *[[Palazzi Rjali ta' Abomey]] *[[Palazzi u Parks ta' Potsdam u Berlin]] *[[Palenque]] *[[Palermo Għarbija-Normanna u l-Katidrali ta' Cefalù u Monreale]] *[[Palestina]] *[[Palianytsia]] *[[Palmaria]] *[[Palmyra]] *[[Pamukkale]] *[[Panamá Viejo]] *[[Papa Ljun XIV]] *[[Papahānaumokuākea]] *[[Paquimé]] *[[Paramaribo]] *[[Park Arkeoloġiku Nazzjonali ta' Tierradentro]] *[[Park Arkeoloġiku ta' Champaner-Pavagadh]] *[[Park Arkeoloġiku ta' Hili]] *[[Park Arkeoloġiku ta' San Agustín]] *[[Park Irjali ta' Studley]] *[[Park Naturali Nazzjonali tal-Karpazji]] *[[Park Naturali ta' Dinara]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Karula]] *[[Park Naturali ta' Korab-Koritnik]] *[[Park Naturali tal-Iskolli tal-Qroll ta' Tubbataha]] *[[Park Naturali tal-Pilastri ta' Lena]] *[[Park Nazzjonali Impenetrabbli ta' Bwindi]] *[[Park Nazzjonali Olimpiku]] *[[Park Nazzjonali Storiku]] *[[Park Nazzjonali Storiku ta' Göreme]] *[[Park Nazzjonali Storiku ta' Trakai]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Alejandro de Humboldt]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Banc d'Arguin]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Beit Guvrin-Maresha]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta’ Belovezhskaya Pushcha]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Canaima]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Chapada dos Veadeiros]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Chiribiquete]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Chitwan]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Cilento, Vallo di Diano u Alburni]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Coiba]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Comoé]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Darien]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Defileul Jiului]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Desembarco del Granma]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Doñana]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Everglades]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta’ Fertő-Hanság]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Garajonay]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Garamba]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Great Smoky Mountains]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Gros Morne]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Gunung Mulu]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Hortobágy]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Huascarán]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Ichkeul]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Iguaçu]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Iguazú]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Ivindo]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Kahuzi-Biega]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Kakadu]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Kaziranga]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Khangchendzonga]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Kilimanjaro]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Kinabalu]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Kiskunság]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Komodo]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Lahemaa]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Lençóis Maranhenses]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Lorentz]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Los Alerces]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Los Glaciares]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Los Katíos]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Lushan]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Mammoth Cave]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Manas]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Manú]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Manovo-Gounda St Floris]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Mesa Verde]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Miguasha]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Morne Trois Pitons]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Murujuga]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Nahanni]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Niah]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Niokolo-Koba]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Noel Kempff Mercado]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Nyungwe]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Phong Nha – Kẻ Bàng]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Þingvellir]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Pirin]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Purnululu]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Rapa Nui]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Rio Abiseo]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Sagarmatha]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Salonga]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Sangay]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Sanqingshan]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Serengeti]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Serra da Capivara]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Simien]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Taï]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Talampaya]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Teide]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Tongariro]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Ujung Kulon]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Una]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Vatnajökull]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Virunga]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Yellowstone]] *[[Park Nazzjonali ta' Yosemite]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Biżonti tal-Boskijiet]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Foresta Pluvjali ta' Gola]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Fortizza tal-Għolja ta' Brimstone]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Għadajjar ta' Mana]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Għerien ta' Carlsbad]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Għerien ta' Naracoorte]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Għerien ta' Peruaçu]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Grand Canyon]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Himalayas il-Kbar]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Katina Muntanjuża ta' Rodopi]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Lag tal-Malawi]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Lagi ta’ Plitvice]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Muntanja Dajti]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Muntanja tal-Kenja]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Muntanja Tomorr]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Muntanji ta' Bale]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Muntanji ta' Rwenzori]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tal-Vulkani ta' Hawaii]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tas-Sundarbans]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tat-Taġikistan]] *[[Park Nazzjonali tax-Xmara ta' Taħt l-Art ta' Puerto Princesa]] *[[Park Provinċjali ta' Ischigualasto]] *[[Park Provinċjali ta' Writing-on-Stone]] *[[Park Provinċjali tad-Dinosawri]] *[[Park Storiku ta' Ayutthaya]] *[[Park Storiku ta' Phu Phrabat]] *[[Park Storiku ta' Si Thep]] *[[Park Storiku ta' Sukhothai]] *[[Park ta' Maloti-Drakensberg]] *[[Park ta’ Muskau|Park ta' Muskau]] *[[Park tal-Art Mistagħdra ta' iSimangaliso]] *[[Park tal-Mafkar tar-Rewwixta u tar-Rivoluzzjoni]] *[[Park Trinazzjonali ta' Sangha]] *[[Parks Internazzjonali tal-Paċi ta' Waterton-tal-Glaċieri]] *[[Parks Nazzjonali ta' Nanda Devi u tal-Wied tal-Fjuri]] *[[Parks Nazzjonali tal-Lag ta' Turkana]] *[[Parks Nazzjonali u Statali tas-Siġar tal-Injam tal-Aħmar]] *[[Parks tal-Muntanji tar-Rockies Kanadiżi]] *[[Parmigianino]] *[[Parrukkier]] *[[Pasargadae]] *[[Paseo del Prado]] *[[Patoloġija]] *[[Pattadakal]] *[[Paulo Coelho]] *[[Pavlo Lee]] *[[Pécs]] *[[Pellegrinaġġ ta’ San Ġakbu]] *[[Peña de los Enamorados]] *[[Peniżola]] *[[Peniżola Valdés]] *[[Pergamon]] *[[Peri-Khan Sofiyeva]] *[[Persepolis]] *[[Peter Carl Fabergé]] *[[Péter Magyar]] *[[Pëtr Kapica]] *[[Petra]] *[[Petra Brocková]] *[[Petroglifiċi ta' Bangudae]] *[[Petroglifiċi tal-Lag ta' Onega u l-Baħar Abjad]] *[[Philipp Otto Runge]] *[[Philippi]] *[[Pienza]] *[[Piero Angela]] *[[Pierre Fatou]] *[[Pietro Longhi]] *[[Pietru l-Kbir]] *[[Pimachiowin Aki]] *[[Ping Yao]] *[[Pippo Baudo]] *[[Pirinej-Monte Perdido]] *[[Pitons]] *[[Pitons, Cirques u Rdumijiet tal-Gżira ta' Réunion]] *[[Pjanta]] *[[Pjanura ta' Bărăgan]] *[[Pjanura ta’ Stari Grad]] *[[Pjanura tal-Ġarer]] *[[Pjazza]] *[[Pjazza ta' Naqsh-e Jahan]] * [[Pjazza tal-Mirakli]] * [[Pkhali]] *[[Plamer]] *[[Planetarju Rjali ta' Eise Eisinga]] *[[Pobiti Kamani]] *[[Politika]] *[[Polonnaruwa]] *[[Pont Antik ta’ Mostar]] *[[Pont ta' Forth]] *[[Pont ta' Malabadi]] *[[Pont ta' Mehmed Paša Sokolović]] *[[Pont ta' Vizcaya]] *[[Pont tal-Fjuri]] *[[Pont tal-Paċi, Tbilisi]] *[[Porfirio Barba-Jacob]] *[[Port Ħieles ta' Malta]] *[[Port Royal]] *[[Port ta' Mariupol]] *[[Port ta’ Marsamxett]] *[[Porta Nigra]] *[[Portiċi ta' Bologna]] *[[Porto]] *[[Postijiet Sagri tal-Bahá'i]] *[[Potosí]] *[[Pożati]] *[[Prambanan]] *[[Professjoni]] *[[Proklos]] *[[Promontorju ta' Putorana]] *[[Provins]] *[[Pu'er]] *[[Puebla (belt)]] *[[Pythagoreion]] === '''<u>Q</u>''' === * [[Qabar ta' Askia]] * [[Qabar ta' Humayun]] * [[Qabar Traċjan ta' Kazanlak]] * [[Qabar Traċjan ta' Sveshtari]] * [[Qabża tal-Biżonti Sfrakassati]] * [[Qal'at al-Bahrain]] * [[Qala (Għawdex)]] * [[Qalba Neolitika tal-Gżejjer Orkney]] * [[Qalhat]] * [[Qanat]] * [[Qaryat al-Faw]] * [[Qaytarma]] * [[Qorti Rjali ta' Tiébélé]] * [[Il-Qtugħ ir-Ras ta’ San Ġwann|Qtugħ ir-Ras ta’ San Ġwann Battista (Caravaggio)]] * [[Quanzhou]] * [[Quebrada de Humahuaca]] * [[Quedlinburg]] * [[Quirigua]] * [[Quito]] * [[Quseir Amra]] * [[Qutb Minar]] === '''<u>R</u>''' === * [[Rachid Chouhal]] * [[Raħal Storiku ta' St. George u l-Fortifikazzjonijiet Relatati, Bermuda]] * [[Rammelsberg]] * [[Ramses II]] * [[Rani-ki-Vav]] * [[Ras'ken' Ozks]] * [[Ravenna]] * [[Ravesa Lleshi]] * [[Red Bay]] * [[Refuġju Nazzjonali tan-Natura Selvaġġa ta' Okefenokee]] * [[Regensburg]] * [[Reġjun Naturali, Kulturali u Storiku ta’ Kotor]] * [[Reġjun tal-Estrazzjoni tal-Minerali ta' Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří]] * [[Reġjun tal-Inbid ta' Tokaj]] *[[Reichenau]] *[[Relattività (Maurits Cornelis Escher)]] *[[Rembrandt]] *[[Renata Scotto]] *[[Renju ta' Mapungubwe]] *[[Renju tal-Ġonna ta' Dessau-Wörlitz]] *[[Repubblika Sovjetika ta’ Don|Repubblika Sovjetika ta' Don]] *[[Residenza ta' Würzburg]] *[[Residenza tal-Metropolitani ta' Bukovina u tad-Dalmazja]] *[[Residenzi tal-Familja Savoia]] *[[Residenzi tal-Moderniżmu f'Berlin]] *[[Rettilu]] *[[Rewwixta tal-Qassisin]] *[[Riga]] *[[Risco Caído]] *[[Riversleigh]] *[[Riżerva Ekoloġika ta' Mistaken Point]] *[[Riżerva Forestali ta' Sinharaja]] *[[Riżerva Naturali Stretta tal-Muntanja ta' Nimba]] *[[Riżerva Naturali Stretta tat-Tsingy ta' Bemaraha]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta' Bashkiriya]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta' Darwin]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta’ Kaniv]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta' Nahal Me'arot]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta' Okapi]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta' Selous]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta' Srebarna]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta' Tigrovaya Balka]] *[[Riżerva Naturali ta’ Yulen]] *[[Riżerva Naturali tal-Flora fil-Ġibs]] *[[Riżerva Naturali tas-Suriname Ċentrali]] *[[Riżerva ta' Bijosfera ta' El Pinacate u Gran Desierto de Altar]] *[[Riżerva ta' Bijosfera ta' Río Plátano]] *[[Riżerva tal-Baħar ta' Aqaba]] *[[Riżerva tal-Bijosfera ta' Tehuacán-Cuicatlán]] *[[Riżerva tal-Bijosfera tal-Baħar l-Iswed]] *[[Riżerva tal-Bijosfera tal-Friefet Monarki]] *[[Riżerva tal-Bijosfera Transkonfinali Ohrid-Prespa]] *[[Riżerva tal-Fawna ta' Dja]] *[[Riżervi Naturali ta' Air u ta' Ténéré]] *[[Riżervi tal-Foresti Atlantiċi tal-Kosta tal-Iskoperti]] *[[Riżervi tal-Foresti Atlantiċi tax-Xlokk]] *[[Riżervi tal-Katina Muntanjuża ta' Talamanca-La Amistad]] *[[Robert Fico]] *[[Robert Wilhelm Bunsen]] *[[Roberto Burle Marx]] *[[Rodi (belt)]] * [[Roi Mata]] * [[Roșia Montană]] * [[Ronald Searle]] * [[Røros]] * [[Rotta tal-Inċens – Bliet tad-Deżert f'Negev]] * [[Rotta Wixárika tas-Siti Sagri lejn Wirikuta]] * [[Rotot ta’ Santiago de Compostela fi Franza]] * [[Royal Exhibition Building]] * [[Róža Domašcyna]] *[[Rudolf Diesel]] *[[Ruggiero Leoncavallo]] === '''<u>S</u>''' === * [[Sabratha]] * [[Saeva Dupka]] * [[Safranbolu]] * [[Saint-Émilion]] * [[Sajjied]] *[[Sala taċ-Ċentenarju]] *[[Salamanca]] *[[Salib ta' Santa Ewfrosina]] *[[Salini Rjali ta' Arc-et-Senans]] *[[Salme Kann]] *[[Saltaire]] *[[Salvatore Accardo]] *[[Salzburg]] *[[Samantha Cristoforetti]] *[[Samarkanda]] *[[Samarra]] *[[Sambor Prei Kuk]] *[[Sammallahdenmäki]] *[[Samuel Deguara]] *[[San Cristóbal de La Laguna]] *[[San Gimignano]] *[[San Lawrenz (Għawdex)]] *[[San Miguel de Allende]] *[[San Pietruburgu]] *[[Sana'a]] *[[Sanchi]] *[[Sandra Milo]] *[[Sandra Mondaini]] *[[Sandro Botticelli]] *[[Sangiran]] *[[Sansa, il-Monasteri Buddisti tal-Muntanji tal-Korea t'Isfel]] *[[Santa Cruz de Mompox]] *[[Santiago de Compostela]] *[[Santiago de Querétaro]] *[[Santiniketan]] *[[Santwarji tal-Għasafar tal-Passa tul il-Kosta tal-Baħar Isfar u l-Golf ta' Bohai]] *[[Santwarji tal-Pandas Ġganteski ta' Sichuan]] *[[Santwarji tan-Natura Selvaġġa ta' Thungyai-Huai Kha Khaeng]] *[[Santwarju Nazzjonali tal-Għasafar ta' Djoudj]] *[[Santwarju ta' Bom Jesus de Matosinhos]] *[[Santwarju ta' Bom Jesus do Monte]] *[[Santwarju ta' Itsukushima]] *[[Santwarju tal-Balieni ta' El Vizcaino]] *[[Santwarju ta' Mỹ Sơn]] *[[Santwarju tal-Fawna u tal-Flora ta' Malpelo]] *[[Santwarju tan-Natura Selvaġġa tal-Katina Muntanjuża ta' Hamiguitan]] *[[São Cristóvão]] *[[São Luís]] *[[Sarazm]] *[[Sardis]] * [[Saryarka]] * [[Sassi ta' Matera]] * [[Satsivi]] *[[Schokland]] *[[Seba’ Għeġubijiet Ġodda tad-Dinja]] *[[Sebastia]] *[[Sebastian Brant]] *[[Segovia]] *[[Seka Sablić]] *[[Sengħa]] *[[Seokguram]] *[[Seowon]] *[[Severo Ochoa]] *[[Sevil Shhaideh]] *[[Sewell]] *[[Sferi tal-Ġebel tal-Costa Rica]] *[[SGang Gwaay]] *[[Shahr-e Sukhteh]] *[[Shahrisabz]] *[[Shaken Aimanov]] *[[Shales ta' Maotianshan]] *[[Sheki]] *[[Shennongjia]] *[[Shibam]] *[[Shirakami-Sanchi]] *[[Shiretoko]] *[[Sian Ka'an]] *[[Šibenik]] *[[Sibila Petlevski]] *[[Sidi Bou Said]] *[[Sidney Webb]] *[[Siega Verde]] *[[Siena]] *[[Sighișoara]] *[[Sigiriya]] *[[Siġra tal-Ballut ta' Stelmužė]] *[[Siġra tal-ballut ta' Tamme-Lauri]] *[[Sikhote-Alin]] *[[Simon Kldiashvili]] *[[Sinagoga Antika (Erfurt)]] *[[Sinéad O'Connor]] *[[Sintra]] *[[Siracusa]] *[[Sistema Idrawlika Storika ta' Shushtar]] *[[Sistema tal-Ġestjoni tal-Ilma ta' Augsburg]] *[[Sistema tat-Toroq tal-Inka]] *[[Sit Agrikolu Bikri ta' Kuk]] *[[Sit arkeoloġiku ta' Al-Balid|Sit Arkeoloġiku ta' Al-Balid]] *[[Sit Arkeoloġiku ta' Atapuerca]] *[[Sit Arkeoloġiku ta’ Paphos]] *[[Sit Arkeoloġiku tal-Maħżen ta' Valongo]] *[[Sit Storiku Nazzjonali ta' San Juan]] *[[Sit Storiku Statali tat-Tumbati tal-Ħamrija ta' Cahokia]] * [[Sit ta' Wirt Dinji]] * [[Sit ta' Wirt Industrijali ta' Rjukan-Notodden]] *[[Sit tad-Dolmens ta' Antequera]] *[[Sit tar-Raġel ta' Peking f'Zhoukoudian]] *[[Siti tad-Dolmens ta' Gochang, Hwasun u Ganghwa]] *[[Siti Arkeoloġiċi ta' Bat, Al-Khutm u Al-Ayn]] *[[Siti Arkeoloġiċi ta' Tarraco]] *[[Siti Awstraljani tal-Fossili tal-Mammiferi]] *[[Siti Ewlenin tal-Estrazzjoni fil-Wallonja]] *[[Siti Funebri u Mfakar tal-Ewwel Gwerra Dinjija (il-Front tal-Punent)]] *[[Siti Kristjani Moħbija fir-Reġjun ta' Nagasaki]] *[[Siti Metallurġiċi Antiki tal-Burkina Faso]] *[[Siti Penitenzjarji Awstraljani]] *[[Siti preistoriċi bil-puntali madwar l-Alpi|Siti Preistoriċi bil-Puntali Madwar l-Alpi]] *[[Siti Preistoriċi ta' Jōmon fit-Tramuntana tal-Ġappun]] *[[Siti Sagri u Rotot ta' Pellegrinaġġ fil-Katina Muntanjuża ta' Kii]] *[[Siti tal-Fossili tal-Ominidi tal-Afrika t'Isfel]] *[[Siti tar-Rivoluzzjoni Industrijali Meiji tal-Ġappun]] *[[Siti tat-Tpittir fuq il-Blat ta' Kondoa]] *[[Siti tat-Tusi]] *[[Skarpan]] *[[Skellig Michael]] *[[Skogskyrkogården]] *[[Skojjattlu tal-art ta' Tian Shan]] *[[Skola Superjuri tal-Mekkanika tal-Armata]] *[[Skoll il-Kbir tal-Qroll]] *[[Skoll tal-Qroll ta' New Caledonia]] *[[Skoll tal-Qroll tal-Belize]] *[[Skorba]] *[[Skrivan]] *[[Slavko Brezoski]] *[[Socotra]] *[[Soltaniyeh]] *[[Songo Mnara]] *[[Sophia Loren]] *[[Sophie Germain]] *[[Sophie Liebknecht]] *[[Söyembikä]] *[[Speicherstadt]] *[[Spinalonga]] *[[Sputnik 5]] *[[Stari Ras]] *[[Statwa]] *[[Statwa ta' Roland ta' Bremen]] *[[Statwa tal-Libertà]] *[[Stazzjon ta' Chhatrapati Shivaji]] *[[Stazzjon tar-Radju ta' Grimeton]] *[[Stećak]] *[[Stepan Erzya]] *[[Stevns Klint]] *[[Stonehenge]] *[[Stone Town]] *[[Strett ta' Hormuz]] *[[Su Nuraxi]] *[[Subak]] *[[Sulaiman-Too]] *[[Sundarbans]] *[[Supra (festa)]] *[[Suq Ċentrali ta' Ljubljana]] *[[Surtsey]] *[[Susa]] *[[Svaneti]] *[[Svetlana Antonovska]] *[[Sviyazhsk]] === '''<u>T</u>''' === * [[Ta' Bakkja]] * [[Ta' Ħaġrat]] * [[Ta' Kandja]] *[[Tabib]] *[[Tadrart Acacus]] *[[Taħdit]] *[[Taishan]] *[[Taj Mahal]] *[[Takalik Abaj]] *[[Takht-e Soleyman]] *[[Takht-i-Bahi]] *[[Takkanot Shum]] *[[Taksim]] *[[Tallinn]] *[[Tamgaly]] *[[Tanġier]] *[[Taos Pueblo]] *[[Taputapuātea]] *[[Tarraco]] *[[Tarzna Navali ta' Antigua u s-Siti Arkeoloġiċi Relatati]] *[[Tassili n'Ajjer]] *[[Tavla ta' Narmer]] *[[Taxila]] *[[Tchogha Zanbil]] *[[Te Wahipounamu]] *[[Teatri Kondominjali tas-Sekli 18 u 19 fl-Italja Ċentrali]] *[[Teatru Akkademiku Reġjonali ta' Donetsk]] *[[Teatru Antik ta’ Epidaurus|Teatru Antik ta' Epidaurus]] *[[Teatru da Paz]] *[[Teatru Rjal]] *[[Teatru Ruman ta' Orange]] *[[Teatru tal-Amażonja]] *[[Teatru tal-Opri Margravjali]] *[[Teatru tal-Opri ta' Sydney]] *[[Tebe (Eġittu)]] *[[Tekniku]] *[[Telč]] *[[Tempji Ħajjin Kbar taċ-Ċola]] * [[Tempji Megalitiċi ta’ Malta u Għawdex|Tempji Megalitiċi ta' Malta u Għawdex]] * [[Tempji ta' Ħal Tarxien]] *[[Tempju ta' Apollo Epikurju f’Bassae|Tempju ta' Apollo Epikurju f'Bassae]] *[[Tempju ta' Asklepju ta' Epidaurus]] *[[Tempju ta' Haeinsa]] *[[Tempju ta' Kakatiya Rudreshwara]] *[[Tempju ta' Mahabodhi]] *[[Tempju ta' Preah Vihear]] *[[Tempju tal-Ġenna]] *[[Tempju tal-Għar ta' Dambulla]] *[[Tempju tax-Xemx ta' Konarak]] *[[Tempju u Ċimiterju ta' Konfuċju u l-Villa tal-Familja Kong f'Qufu]] *[[Teotihuacan]] *[[Tequila (Belt)]] * [[Terminoloġija]] * [[Tetiana Ostashchenko]] * [[Tétouan]] *[[Teżawru]] *[[Theobald Boehm]] *[[Theodore Géricault]] *[[Thimlich Ohinga]] *[[Tholos ta' El Romeral]] *[[Thomas à Kempis]] *[[Thoros ta' Edessa]] *[[Tian Shan]] * [[Tieqa tad-Dwejra]] * [[Tieqa ta' Wied il-Mielaħ]] * [[Tikal]] * [[Timbuktu]] * [[Timgad]] * [[Tina Turner]] * [[Tinetto]] * [[Tino]] * [[Tinqix fuq il-Blat f'Alta]] *[[Tinqix fuq il-Blat f'Tanum]] *[[Tinqix fuq il-Blat fir-Reġjun ta' Ha'il]] *[[Tinqix fuq il-Blat ta' Dazu]] *[[Tinqix ta' Bisotun]] *[[Tipasa]] *[[Tiryns]] *[[Tiwanaku]] *[[Tiya]] *[[Tlacotalpan]] *[[TNMK]] *[[Tobias Michael Carel Asser]] *[[Toledo]] *[[Tomaso Antonio Vitali]] *[[Tomiri]] *[[Toroq tal-Ħarir: il-Kuritur ta' Zarafshan-Karakum]] *[[Toroq tal-Ħarir: in-Network ta' Rotot tal-Kuritur ta' Chang'an-Tianshan]] * [[Torri Mmejjel ta' Pisa]] * [[Torri ta' Belém]] *[[Torri ta' Erkole]] *[[Torri ta' Londra]] *[[Torri tax-Xebba (Baku)]] *[[Torrijiet residenzjali tas-Svan|Torrijiet Residenzjali tas-Svan]] *[[Toruń]] *[[Tpittir fuq il-Blat ta' Sierra de San Francisco]] *[[Tpittir fuq il-Blat tal-Baċir Mediterran Iberiku]] *[[Tpittir fuq il-Blat tal-Għar ta' Shulgan-Tash]] *[[Trattat ta' Kaunas]] *[[Třebíč]] *[[Trinidad, Kuba]] *[[Trogir]] *[[Trojja]] *[[Tropiċi Mistagħdra ta' Queensland]] *[[Tserkva ta' Santa Marija, Owczary]] *[[Tserkva ta' Santa Marija Omm Alla, Chotyniec]] *[[Tserkva tal-Injam tal-Karpazji fil-Polonja u fl-Ukrajna]] *[[Tsodilo]] *[[Tubeteika]] *[[Tulou ta' Fujian|''Tulou'' ta' Fujian]] *[[Tumbati Ċerimonjali tal-Ħamrija ta' Hopewell]] *[[Tumbati Funebri ta' Dilmun]] *[[Tumbati Funebri ta' Gaya]] *[[Tumbati Monumentali tal-Ħamrija ta' Poverty Point]] *[[Turan]] *[[Tutankhamun]] *[[Twyfelfontein]] *[[Tyre]] === '''<u>U</u>''' === * [[Úbeda]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] *[[Uluru]] *[[Um er-Rasas]] *[[Umm Al-Jimāl]] *[[UNESCO]] *[[Università Iżlamika Russa]] *[[Università Nazzjonali Awtonoma tal-Messiku]] *[[Università ta' Al-Qarawiġin|Università ta' Al-Qarawijin]] *[[Università ta' Coimbra]] *[[Unjoni Sovjetika]] *[[Urbino]] *[['Uruq Bani Mu'arid]] *[[Uxmal]] === '''<u>V</u>''' === * [[Val d'Orcia]] *[[Val di Noto]] *[[Valentyna Radzymovska]] *[[Valeria Bruni Tedeschi]] *[[Vallée de Mai]] *[[Vasco da Gama]] *[[Vat Phou]] *[[Velimir Khlebnikov]] *[[Venera 7]] *[[Verona]] *[[Via Appia]] *[[Victoria Amelina]] *[[Vigan]] *[[Vincent van Gogh]] *[[Vilel u Ġonna tal-Familja Medici]] *[[Villa d'Este]] *[[Villa Romana del Casale]] *[[Villa ta' Adrijanu]] *[[Villa Tugendhat]] *[[Villaġġi Antiki tat-Tramuntana tas-Sirja]] *[[Villaġġi bil-Knejjes Iffortifikati f'Transilvanja]] *[[Villaġġi Storiċi ta' Shirakawa-gō u Gokayama]] *[[Vilnius]] *[[Visby]] *[[Vitaliy Kim]] *[[Vito Volterra]] *[[Vittorio De Sica]] *[[Vjenna]] *[[Vladimir Ashkenazy]] *[[Vlkolínec]] *[[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] *[[Volubilis]] *[[Võros]] *[[Vulkan tat-Tajn ta’ Lökbatan]] *[[Vulkani ta' Kamchatka]] === '''<u>W</u>''' === * [[Wachau]] * [[Wadi Al-Hitan]] *[[Wadi Rum]] *[[Wadi Wurayah]] *[[Wales]] *[[Wat Phra Mahathat]] *[[Weimar Klassika]] *[[Werrej]] *[[Wied Superjuri tar-Renu Nofsani]] *[[Wied t'Isfel tal-Awash]] *[[Wied ta' Kathmandu]] *[[Wied ta' Loire]] *[[Wied ta' Madriu-Perafita-Claror]] *[[Wied ta' M'zab]] *[[Wied ta' Qadisha]] *[[Wied ta' Viñales]] *[[Wied tal-Fondoq il-Kbir]] *[[Wied tat-Tempji]] *[[Wilhelm Grimm]] *[[Wilhelm Röntgen]] *[[Willem de Sitter]] *[[Willemstad]] *[[William Boeing]] *[[Wirt Arkeoloġiku tal-Wied ta' Lenggong]] *[[Wirt tal-Foresti Tropikali ta' Sumatra]] *[[Wismar]] *[[Władysław Horodecki]] *[[Wolfgang Paul]] === '''<u>X</u>''' === * [[Xanadu]] * [[Xanthos]] * [[Xatt it-Tiben]] *[[Xeff]] *[[Xerxes I]] *[[Xidi]] *[[Xmara Omo]] *[[Xochicalco]] *[[Xogħlijiet ta' Aalto]] *[[Xogħlijiet ta' Jože Plečnik f'Ljubljana – Disinn Urban Iċċentrat fuq il-Bniedem]] *[[Xogħol Arkitettoniku ta' Le Corbusier]] *[[Xjenza spazjali]] *[[Xtatol]] === '''<u>Y</u>''' === * [[Yagul]] * [[Yakushima]] * [[Yana Zinkevych]] * [[Yangdong]] * [[Yarmak]] * [[Yaroslavl]] * [[Yazd]] * [[Yeni-Kale]] * [[Yin Xu]] * [[Yllka Mujo]] * [[Yogyakarta]] *[[Yuliya Gushchina]] *[[Yuri Lysianskyi]] === '''<u>Ż</u>''' === * [[Żapoteki]] * [[Żejt]] * [[Żiemel Abjad ta' Osmington]] * [[Żona Kulturali ta' Ḥimā]] *[[Żona l-Kbira tal-Muntanji Blu]] *[[Żona Naturali Selvaġġa tat-Tażmanja]] *[[Żona Protetta ta' Jungfrau-Aletsch]] *[[Żona Protetta ta' Pliva, Janj u r-Riżerva ta' Janjske Otoke]] *[[Żona Protetta tal-Gżejjer Phoenix]] *[[Żona ta' Interess Xeniku u Storiku ta' Huanglong]] *[[Żona ta' Interess Xeniku u Storiku tal-Wied ta' Jiuzhaigou]] *[[Żona ta' Interess Xeniku u Storiku ta' Wulingyuan]] *[[Żona ta' Konservazzjoni ta' Guanacaste]] *[[Żona ta' Konservazzjoni ta' Ngorongoro]] *[[Żona ta' Konservazzjoni ta' Pantanal]] *[[Żona tat-Tpittir fuq il-Blat ta' Chongoni]] *[[Żoni Protetti tar-Reġjun tal-Fjuri tal-Kap]] *[[Żoni Protetti tat-Tliet Xmajjar Paralleli ta' Yunnan]] *[[Żoni Storiċi ta' Baekje]] *[[Żoni Storiċi ta' Gyeongju]] *[[Żooloġija]] === '''<u>Z</u>''' === * [[Zabid]] * [[Zacatecas (belt)]] * [[Zagori]] * [[Zamość]] * [[Žatec]] * [[Žehra]] * [[Ziba Ganiyeva]] * [[Zivana]] * [[Zlata Kolarić-Kišur]] *[[Zofia Zamenhof]] *[[Zollverein]] *[[Zond 5]] *[[Zsuzsanna Lorántffy]] === <u>0-9</u> === * [[3 ta' Jannar]] tb9bloww7jfwewk4kvlbh7m7ysqajfh 0 33874 332122 332105 2026-09-18T17:20:49Z JovalQC 21720 Infobox city create. 332122 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox city}} '''Osaka''' jew 大阪市 hija t-tielet l-akbar muniċipalità fil- [[Ġappun]] u ċ-ċentru tal- konurbazzjoni ''ta’ Keihanshin'' ( [[Kjoto]] - [[Kōbe|Kobe]] - Osaka), it-tieni l-akbar żona metropolitana fil-pajjiż kemm f’termini ta’ popolazzjoni kif ukoll ta’ PGD . Il-belt hija wkoll il-belt kapitali tal- prefettura tal-istess isem . Jinsab fuq il-gżira ta' {{japonais|[[Honshū]]|本州}}, il-gżira ewlenija tal-Ġappun li fuqha tinsab ukoll [[Tokjo|Tokyo]], fuq ix-xtut tal-Baħar Intern ta' Seto, aktar preċiżament fil -Bajja ta' Osaka. Ōsaka (大阪) tfisser "inklinazzjoni kbira". == Ġeografija == In-naħa tal-punent ta' Osaka hija miftuħa għall-Bajja ta' Osaka, u hija mdawra kompletament b'aktar minn għaxar bliet satellitari, kollha fil-[[Prefettura ta' Osaka]], b'eċċezzjoni waħda: il-belt ta' Amagasaki, li tappartjeni għall-Prefettura ta' Hyōgo, fil-majjistral. Il-belt tokkupa erja akbar (madwar 13%) minn kwalunkwe belt jew raħal ieħor fil-[[Prefettura ta' Osaka]]. == Klima == Is-sjuf huma sħan ħafna u umdi. F'Awwissu, l-aktar xahar sħun, it-temperatura għolja medja ta' kuljum tilħaq it-33.7 °C. It-temperaturi baxxi medji bil-lejl tipikament ikunu madwar 25.8 °C. Il-ħarifa f'Osaka tara xejra ta' tkessiħ, bil-parti bikrija tal-istaġun tixbaħ is-sajf, filwaqt li l-aħħar parti tal-ħarifa tixbaħ ix-xitwa<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.accuweather.com/en/jp/osaka-shi/225007/october-weather/225007|titlu=Osaka-shi, Osaka, Japan Monthly Weather {{!}} AccuWeather|sit=www.accuweather.com|lingwa=en-us|data-aċċess=2026-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.climatestotravel.com/climate/japan/osaka|titlu=Osaka climate: seasons, when to go, monthly averages|sit=Climates to Travel|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-17}}</ref>. Il-preċipitazzjoni hija abbundanti. Ix-xitwa hija l-aktar staġun niexef. Ix-xita ta' kull xahar tilħaq il-quċċata tagħha f'Ġunju bl-istaġun tax-xita "tsuyu", li tipikament jintemm f'nofs jew fl-aħħar ta' Lulju. Minn tmiem Lulju sa tmiem Awwissu, is-sħana u l-umdità tas-sajf jilħqu l-quċċata tagħhom, u x-xita tonqos xi ftit. Osaka għandha t-tieni perjodu tax-xita f'Settembru u fil-bidu ta' Ottubru, meta sistemi ta' temp tropikali, inklużi tifuni, li ġejjin min-nofsinhar jew mil-lbiċ huma possibbli<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://weatherspark.com/y/143399/Average-Weather-in-Osaka-Japan-Year-Round|titlu=Osaka Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Japan) - Weather Spark|sit=weatherspark.com|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-17}}</ref>. == Storja == '''<big>Antikità</big>''' Il-fondazzjoni tal-belt tmur lura għat-tielet seklu. Il-port tagħha kellu rwol kruċjali fl-iżvilupp tagħha, u ppermettielha tistabbilixxi kuntatti mal-[[Korea]] u ċ-[[Ċina]]. Il-kofun, strutturi funerarji impressjonanti, jmorru lura għal dan il-perjodu<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://osaka-info.jp/en/osaka/basic/osaka-history/|titlu=}}</ref>. Ċentru tal-kummerċ u l-industrija, Osaka saret ukoll, taħt l-Imperatur Tenji, il-kapitali tal-imperu bejn nofs is-seklu 7 u nofs is-seklu 8, taħt l-isem preċedenti tagħha ta' Naniwa (難波 / 浪華 / 浪花). L-ewwel [[Tempji Buddisti fil-Ġappun|tempju Buddista fil-Ġappun]], Shi Tennō-ji, inbena matul dan iż-żmien<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.gettyimages.fr/photos/osaka-historical|titlu=8 482 Osaka Historical photos - Getty Images|sit=www.gettyimages.fr|lingwa=fr|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref>. '''<big>Żminijiet Moderni</big>''' Avveniment kruċjali ieħor fl-istorja ta' Osaka kien id-deċiżjoni ta' Toyotomi Hideyoshi li jibni kastell imponenti, il-Kastell ta' Osaka (Ōsaka-jō), hemmhekk fl-1583. Dan ġibed bosta negozjanti<ref>{{Ċita ktieb|kunjom=Wide|isem=Steve|kunjom2=Mackintosh|isem2=Michelle|data=2027-02-02|titlu=Osaka Story: A Guide to the City's Best Cultural Hangouts, Shops, Bars and Eateries|url=https://books.google.fr/books/about/Osaka_Story.html?id=jnIm0gEACAAJ&redir_esc=y|lingwa=en|iktar=Google-Books-ID: jnIm0gEACAAJ|pubblikatur=Hardie Grant Explore}}</ref>. Għalkemm sofriet matul l-assedji tal-1614 u l-1615, Osaka rkuprat il-prosperità tagħha u, matul il-perjodu Edo, xi kultant kienet tissejjaħ "il-ħobż tan-nazzjon" (天下の台所) minħabba r-rwol ċentrali tagħha fil-kummerċ tar-ross. Minbarra l-ekonomija b'saħħitha tagħha, il-belt kienet ċentru kulturali li ra l-iżvilupp ta', pereżempju, bunraku (teatru tal-pupazzi) u kabuki, kif ukoll post ta' tagħlim u edukazzjoni, partikolarment fil-qasam tal-mediċina<ref>{{Ċita aħbar|titlu=Siege of Osaka Castle|url=https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/article/siege-of-osaka-castle/|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.gettyimages.fr/photos/osaka-historical|titlu=8 482 Osaka Historical photos - Getty Images|sit=www.gettyimages.fr|lingwa=fr|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref>. Matul il-[[perjodu Edo]], id-dinja tad-Djar Ħodor kienet prominenti ħafna fil-pittura ukiyo-e. F'Osaka, dawn il-burdelli ġew stabbiliti fid-distrett ta' Shinmachi ("il-belt il-ġdida") mill-1624. Ittollerati mix-shogunat, dawn id-distretti kienu liċenzjati uffiċjalment u kienu jikkostitwixxu enklavi veri fejn id-distinzjonijiet soċjali li jirregolaw il-ħajja ta' kuljum ma baqgħux japplikaw. It-teatri Kabuki ġeneralment kienu jinsabu f'dawn id-distretti, u inizjalment, l-attriċi kienu prostituti<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.nippon.com/en/japan-topics/g00681/a-history-of-osaka-japan%E2%80%99s-city-of-water.html|titlu=A History of Osaka, Japan’s City of Water|data=2019-06-04|sit=nippon.com|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref>. Fil-bidu tas-seklu 20, Osaka kienet saret ċentru industrijali ewlieni. Il-belt ġiet affettwata profondament mill-ibbumbardjar Amerikan matul [[it-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]]. L-effetti tar-rikostruzzjoni rapida u każwali għadhom evidenti fil-pajsaġġ urban tagħha llum<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.historytoday.com/archive/hiroshima-bombing-japan-1944-45|titlu=Before Hiroshima: The Bombing of Japan 1944-45|kunjom=Daniels|isem=Gordon|data=1981-12-31|sit=History Today|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita enċiklopedija|titlu=Bombing of Osaka|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bombing_of_Osaka&oldid=1370605574|data-aċċess=2026-09-18|lingwa=en|data=2026-08-22|iktar=Page Version ID: 1370605574}}</ref>. Mill-1950ijiet sas-snin 1970, ir-reġjun sofra minn tniġġis industrijali sever. Pereżempju, fl-1960, ġew irreġistrati 156 jum ta' smog. Minn dakinhar 'l hawn, Osaka saret pijuniera fil-politika ambjentali fil-[[Ġappun]]. Osaka ospitat il-Wirja Ortikulturali Dinjija tal-1990. Suita, fil-prefettura tagħha, ospitat il-Wirja Dinjija tal-1970. == Ekonomija == Osaka hija waħda mill-aktar bliet ekonomikament importanti tal-[[Ġappun]], ċentru ekonomiku u finanzjarju fir-[[reġjun ta' Keihanshin]] (Osaka, [[Kjoto]], u [[Kōbe|Kobe]]), waħda mill-aktar żoni produttivi fid-dinja. Fl-2024, il-PDG tal-belt kien previst li jilħaq USD 184 biljun, li jirrappreżenta madwar 3.65% tal-PDG tal-[[Ġappun]]. 177,184 kumpanija privata kienu rreġistrati fil-belt fl-2021, u l-esportazzjonijiet tal-belt ammontaw għal 4,325,553 miljun yen fl-2023. Filwaqt li l-popolazzjoni tal-belt fl-2020 kienet ta' 2,752,412, il-popolazzjoni ta' Osaka matul il-jum, inklużi l-ħaddiema, titla' għal 3,645,921<ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.investosaka.jp/eng/chance/about_osaka.html|titlu=Overview of Osaka City - INVEST OSAKA|sit=www.investosaka.jp|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref>. '''<big>Kumpaniji ewlenin f'Osaka</big>''' * == Trasport == Osaka l-Kbira għandha netwerk estensiv ta’ linji ferrovjarji, komparabbli ma’ dak ta’ Tokyo l-Kbira. L-istazzjonijiet ewlenin fil-belt jinkludu Umeda (梅田), Namba (難波), Shinsaibashi (心斎橋), Tennōji (天王寺), Kyōbashi (京橋), u Yodoyabashi (淀屋橋). Osaka tikkonnettja mal-bliet u s-subborgi tal-madwar permezz tan-Netwerk Urban [[Kumpanija Ferrovjarja tal-Punent tal-Ġappun|JR West]] kif ukoll bosta linji privati bħal Keihan Electric Railway, Hankyu Railway, Hanshin Electric Railway, Kintetsu Railway, u Nankai Electric Railway. Is-sistema tal-[[Metro ta’ Osaka]] waħedha tikklassifika fit-8 post fid-dinja skont l-użu annwali tal-passiġġieri, u sservi aktar minn 912-il miljun ruħ kull sena (kwart tal-4 biljun passiġġieri annwali tas-Sistema Ferrovjarja ta’ Osaka l-Kbira), minkejja li hija biss 8 minn aktar minn 70 linja fiż-żona tal-metro. == Ġemellaġġ == * {{Flagicon|USA}} [[San Francisco]] ([[Stati Uniti]]) ; * {{Flagicon|BRA}} [[São Paulo]] ([[Brażil]]) ; * {{Flagicon|USA}} [[Chicago]] ([[Stati Uniti]]) ; * {{Flagicon|CHN}} [[Shanghai]] ([[Ċina]]) ; * {{Flagicon|AUS}} [[Melbourne]] ([[Awstralja]]) ; * {{Flagicon|RUS}} [[San Pietruburgu]] ([[Russja]]) ; * {{Flagicon|ITA}} [[Milan]] ([[Italja]]) ; * {{Flagicon|GER}} [[Amburgu]] ([[Ġermanja]]) ; * {{Flagicon|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]] ([[Arġentina]]) ; * {{Flagicon|HUN}} [[Budapest]] ([[Ungerija]]) ; * {{Flagicon|KOR}} [[Busan]] ([[Korea t'Isfel]]). == Referenzi == alxrxj3k63svol7nh66uf860jdr8am2 0 34089 332121 332119 2026-09-18T14:19:09Z ToniSant 4257 /* Settembru */ RIP Joe Gatt 332121 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Din hija lista ta' nies notevoli Maltin li mietu fl-2026.''' F'din il-lista jidhru biss ismijiet ta' nies li l-mewt tagħhom hija kkonfermata peremezz ta' rapport/i minn sorsi verifikabbli. Żidiet bla referenza għal sors verifikabbli jitneħħew minn hawn u jitpoġġew fil-[[Diskussjoni:Nies Maltin li mietu fl-2026|paġna ta' diskussjoni]] sakemm jiġu verifikati sew. Dwar kull persuna jinġabru biss dawn id-dettalji hawn: * Data: Isem u Kunjom, età (jew "??" meta din mhux magħrufa), għal xiex inhi magħrufa l-persuna, kawża tal-mewt (m'għandu jiddaħħal xejn meta mhux magħrufa uffiċjalment) - tagħrif ieħor f'każ ta' persuna li mhux inkluża f'Wikidata (eż. data tat-twelid), referenzi (għandu jkun hemm aktar minn waħda f'każ ta' nies aktar notevoli) '''''Nota:''' id-data tal-mewt m'għandix tkun dik ta' meta tħabbret imma ta' meta seħħet.'' ---- == Jannar == * 2: [[Tony Carr]], 98, mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tony-carr-pioneering-maltese-jazz-drummer-dies.1121949|titlu=Tony Carr, Maltese jazz drummer to the stars, dies|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-01-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-perkussjonist-tony-carr-george-caruana-jmut-fl-eta-ta-98-sena/|titlu=Il-perkussjonist Tony Carr (George Caruana) jmut fl-età ta’ 98 sena|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/01/02/tony-carr-passes-away/|titlu=Renowned Maltese drummer, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/138938/maltese_jazz_great_tony_carr_dies_aged_98|titlu=Maltese jazz great Tony Carr dies aged 98|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=2 Jannar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-02/local-news/Maltese-jazz-legend-Tony-Carr-passes-away-aged-98-6736286044|titlu=Maltese jazz legend, Tony Carr, passes away aged 98 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-malti-tony-carr/|titlu=Imut ta' 98 sena d-drummer Malti Tony Carr|data=2026-01-02|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-01-03}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/imut-ta-98-sena-d-drummer-famuz-malti-tony-carr-li-daqq-mal-akbar-stilel-muzikali/|titlu=Imut ta’ 98 sena d-drummer famuż Malti Tony Carr li daqq mal-akbar stilel mużikali|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Josef|data=3 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.melodija.eu/post/tony-carr-george-caruana-maltese-jazz-pioneer-dies-at-98|titlu=Tony Carr (George Caruana): Maltese Jazz Pioneer Dies at 98|kunjom=Mifsud|isem=Noel|data=2026-01-05|sit=Melodija|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.sussexexpress.co.uk/news/fond-tribute-on-death-of-drummer-who-played-with-the-greats-5465983|titlu=Fond tribute on death of drummer who played with the greats|kunjom=Hewitt|isem=Phil|data=2026-01-10|sit=SussexWorld|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-10}}</ref> * 5: [[George Spiteri]], 90, mużiċist u l-ewwel leader tal-[[Orkestra Filarmonika ta' Malta]] (twieled: 20 ta’ Lulju 1935) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-6-2026.1122080|titlu=Announcements − January 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-george-spiteri-l-ewwel-leader-tal-orkestra-filarmonika-ta-malta/|titlu=Imut George Spiteri, l-ewwel leader tal-Orkestra Filarmonika ta’ Malta|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.facebook.com/reel/1540894257190704/?t=49|titlu=MPO: Protagonisti - George Spiteri|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Joe Julian|data=6 Jannar 2026|sit=Facebook}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/a-real-gentleman-good-musician-violinist-george-spiteri-dies-aged-90.1122103|titlu='A real gentleman': trailblazing violinist George Spiteri dies at 90|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-01-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-06}}</ref> * 6: [[Thomas Farrell]], 89, għalliem u l-ewwel sindku ta' Ħaż Żabbar <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/thomas-farrell-first-mayor-zabbar-dies-aged-89.1122141|titlu=Thomas Farrell, first mayor of Żabbar, dies aged 89|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-07|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-07}}</ref> * 14: [[Paul Chetcuti Caruana]], 77, tabib u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-deputat-laburista-t-tabib-paul-chetcuti-caruana/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Deputat Laburista t-Tabib Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=14 Jannar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana-dies.1122497|titlu=Mosta doctor Paul Chetcuti Caruana, targeted by 1977 letter bomb, dies aged 77|kunjom=Calleja|isem=Claudia|data=2026-01-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-01-14/local-news/Paul-Chetcuti-Caruana-who-survived-letter-bomb-attempt-in-1977-dies-6736286334|titlu=Paul Chetcuti Caruana, who survived letter-bomb attempt in 1977, dies - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-15}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/parliament-pays-tribute-mosta-doctor-pl-mp-paul-chetcuti-caruana.1123482|titlu=Parliament pays tribute to Mosta doctor and PL MP Paul Chetcuti Caruana|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-02-02|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-02}}</ref> * 20: [[Matthew Wismayer]], 53, fundatur ta' Schools for Africa (Malta) Foundation <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/matthew-wismayer-schools-africa-foundation-entrepreneur-dies.1122791|titlu=Matthew Wismayer, who turned a cancer diagnosis into inspiration, dies aged 53|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-01-20|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-matthew-wismayer-il-mohh-wara-progett-biex-jigu-meghjuna-tfal-fl-afrika/|titlu=Imut Matthew Wismayer, il-moħħ wara proġett biex jiġu megħjuna tfal fl-Afrika|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/malta/founder-of-prince-princess-malta-matthew-wismayer-passes-away/|titlu=Founder Of 'Prince & Princess Malta' Matthew Wismayer Passes Away|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Rebecca Scalvini|data=2026-01-20|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/matthew-wismayer-passes-away-aged-53|titlu=Maltese Entrepreneur Matthew Wismayer passes away at 53|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-21-2026.1122811|titlu=Announcements – January 21, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> * 20: [[George Callus]], 88, ko-fundatur tal-Comtec (twieled: 8 ta' Settembru 1937) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/comtec-co-founder-george-callus-has-passed-away|titlu=Comtec Co-Founder George Callus has passed away|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ir-ragel-ta-amy-callus-orlando-mrs-axiak-ta-simpatici/|titlu=Imut ir-raġel ta’ Amy Callus Orlando, Mrs Axiak ta’ Simpatiċi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Jannar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/nimmissjak-immens-ghaziz-l-attrici-amy-callus-thabbar-it-telfa-ta-zewgha-george/|titlu="Nimmissjak Immens, Għażiż" - L-Attriċi Amy Callus Tħabbar It-Telfa Ta' Żewġha George|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-01-22|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-01-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-january-23-2026.1122923|titlu=Announcements – January 23, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-01-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> == Frar == * 4: [[Alfred Abela]], 80, eks-assistent kummissarju tal-pulizija <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-assistent-kummissarju-tal-pulizija-alfred-abela/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Assistent Kummissarju tal-Pulizija Alfred Abela|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 5: [[Philip Farrugia Randon]], 76, avukat u kittieb li ħoloq il-karattru ta' Puttinu <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/dedicated-patriot-philip-farrugia-randon-dies.1123612|titlu='Dedicated patriot' Philip Farrugia Randon dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-6-2026.1123652|titlu=Announcements − February 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-dr-philip-farrugia-randon-avukat-u-awtur-li-holoq-il-karattru-puttinu/|titlu=Imut Dr Philip Farrugia Randon, avukat u awtur li ħoloq il-karattru Puttinu|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-02-05|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-philip-farrugia-randon.1124083|titlu=Appreciation: Philip Farrugia Randon|kunjom=De Bono|isem=Anthony|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 5: [[Helen Micallef]], 75, kantanta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/helen-micallef-eurovision-1972-singer-dies-aged-75.1123643|titlu=Helen Micallef, Eurovision 1972 singer, dies aged 75|kunjom=Bonanno|isem=Matthew|data=2026-02-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-helen-micallef-l-ewwel-maltija-fil-eurovision/|titlu=Tmut Helen Micallef, l-ewwel kantanta Maltija fil-Eurovision|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=5 Frar 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/139589/veteran_singer_helen_micallef_dies_aged_75|titlu=Veteran singer Helen Micallef dies aged 75|kunjom=Meilak|isem=Nicole|data=5 Frar 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/helen-micallef-tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-ghada-s-sibt/|titlu=Helen Micallef tingħata l-aħħar tislima għada s-Sibt|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=6 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-05/local-news/Helen-Micallef-first-Maltese-woman-at-Eurovision-dies-at-75-6736286990|titlu=Helen Micallef, first Maltese woman at Eurovision, dies at 75 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/iccelebrata-l-hajja-tal-kantanta-helen-micallef/|titlu=Iċċelebrata l-ħajja tal-kantanta Helen Micallef|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Anton|data=7 Frar 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 8: [[Paul Aquilina]], 94, Ġiżwita Malti bbażat fl-Indja <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-fr-paul-aquilina-l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja/|titlu=Imut Fr Paul Aquilina – l-aħħar Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=8 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/l-ahhar-patri-gizwita-malti-fl-indja-jkanta-l-ghanjiet-tal-milied/|titlu=L-aħħar Patri Ġiżwita Malti fl-Indja jkanta l-Għanjiet tal-Milied|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=25 Diċembru 2025|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/mort-l-indja-biex-narah-jordna-sacerdot-u-kantajt-bil-malti-waqt-il-funeral-ta-fr-aquilina/|titlu=“Mort l-Indja nara żagħżugħ jiġi ordnat qassis, u spiċċajt inkanta bil-Malti fil-funeral ta’ Fr Aquilina”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-15-2026.1124084|titlu=Announcements – February 15, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref> * 10: [[Lina Brockdorff|Lina Brockdorff,]] 95, kittieba <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/awardwinning-writer-lina-brockdorff-dies-aged-96.1123850|titlu=Novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95|kunjom=Borg|isem=Emma|data=2026-02-10|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-awtrici-lina-brockdorff-fl-eta-ta-95-sena/|titlu=Tmut l-awtriċi Lina Brockdorff fl-età ta' 95 sena|data=2026-02-10|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbret-il-mewt-tax-xandara-u-l-kittieba-lina-brockdorff/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tax-xandara u l-kittieba Lina Brockdorff|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=10 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-02-10/local-news/Maltese-novelist-and-playwright-Lina-Brockdorff-dies-aged-95-6736287109|titlu=Maltese novelist and playwright Lina Brockdorff dies aged 95 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-10}}</ref> * 10: [[Achille Cauchi]], 86, monsinjur Għawdxi, ħu l-Isqof [[Nikol Cauchi]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-monsinjur-achille-cauchi/|titlu=Imut Monsinjur Achille Cauchi|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/mons-achille-cauchi-10-02-2026|titlu=Mons. Achille Cauchi - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Laurence Grech]], 77, ġurnalist u eks-editur tas-Sunday Times of Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-times-malta-editor-laurence-grech-dies-aged-77.1124107|titlu=Former Times of Malta editor Laurence Grech dies, aged 77|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-02-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-laurence-grech-il-ggant-tal-gurnalizmu-l-eks-editur-tat-times-of-malta/|titlu=Imut Laurence Grech, “il-ġgant tal-ġurnaliżmu”, l-eks-editur tat-Times of Malta|data=15 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-february-16-2026.1124125|titlu=Announcements – February 16, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-02-16|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/laurence-grech-15-02-2026|titlu=Laurence Grech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref> * 15: [[Esmeralda Galea Camilleri]], 37, mużiċista <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/hafna-mahsuda-bil-mewt-tal-muzicista-brava-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=Ħafna Maħsuda Bil-Mewt Tal-Mużiċista Brava Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-02-16|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-02-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/kont-titpaxxa-tismaghha-tmut-il-muzicista-esmeralda-galea-camilleri/|titlu=“Kont titpaxxa tismagħha” – tmut il-mużiċista Esmeralda Galea Camilleri|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=16 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 16: [[Mario Bonnici]], 76, kantant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-kanzunetta-li-kont-iddedikaktli-se-tibqa-fqalbi-imut-il-kantant-mario-bonnici/|titlu=“Il-kanzunetta li kont iddedikajtli se tibqa’ f’qalbi” – imut il-kantant Mario Bonnici|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=17 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 18: [[Julian Attard]], 44, amministratur tal-futbol ma' [[Marsaxlokk FC]] u [[Floriana FC]] (twieled fis-27 ta' Novembru 1981) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/02/18/former-marsaxlokk-and-floriana-fc-administrator-julian-attard-dies/|titlu=Former Marsaxlokk and Floriana FC administrator Julian Attard dies|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gianluca|data=2026-02-18|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-02-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/hallejtna-kmieni-wisq-habib-imut-julian-attard-tat-tim-tal-futbol-ta-marsaxlokk/|titlu=“Ħallejtna kmieni wisq ħabib” – imut Julian Attard, tat-tim tal-futbol ta’ Marsaxlokk|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=18 Frar 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 23: [[Manuel Casha]], 81, mużiċist, kittieb, u folklorista <ref> {{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-muzicist-manuel-casha-fl-awstralja/ |sit=ONEnews|data=24 Frar 2026|isem=Josef|kunjom=Caruana|lingwa=mt|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u mużiċist Manuel Casha fl-Awstralja}}</ref> * 28: [[Mario Buhagiar]], 81 professur tal-istorja tal-arti <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/mario-buhagiar-founder-art-history-department-dies-aged-81.1124795|titlu=Mario Buhagiar, founder of art history department dies aged 81|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-03-01|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/03/02/prof-mario-buhagiar/|titlu=Founder of the arts History Department – Professor Mario Buhagiar passes away|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2 Marzu 2026|sit=The Maltese Herald|lingwa=en}}</ref> == Marzu == * 8: [[Joseph Gatt (Caritas)|Joseph Gatt]], 81, pijunier fir-riabilitazzjoni tad-drogati f'Malta <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-gatt-drug-rehabilitation-pioneer-dies-aged-81.1125168|titlu=Joseph Gatt, drug rehabilitation pioneer, dies aged 81|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/segwi-meta-konna-fl-infern-habba-d-droga-joe-kien-anglu-kustodju/|titlu=Segwi: “Meta konna fl-infern ħabba d-droga Joe kien anġlu kustodju”|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=9 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 13: [[Luciano Bonello Bianco]], 72, propjetarju ta' Luciano Restaurant <ref>{{Ċita web|url= https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-march-15-2026.1125478 |titlu=Announcements|sit=Times of Malta|data-aċċess=2026-03-15}}</ref> * 21: [[Charles Micallef St John]], 81, kittieb u eks-kunsillier tal-Gżira <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-awtur-charles-micallef-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St John|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=21 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/21/imut-l-awtur-chaf-st-john/|titlu=Imut l-awtur Charles Micallef St. John|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-03-21|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 22: [[Calvin Brincat]], 32, parteċipant fil-programm tat-television ''Hazzzard'', kanċer <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-calvin-brincat-li-ggieled-2-tipi-ta-kancer-u-kien-ippartecipa-fhazzzard/|titlu=Imut Calvin Brincat li ġġieled 2 tipi ta' kanċer u kien ipparteċipa f'HazZzard|data=2026-03-23|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-iz-zaghzugh-calvin-brincat-ta-hazzzard/|titlu=Imut iż-żagħżugħ Calvin Brincat ta’ HazZzard|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=23 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tributes-paid-truly-sensitive-soul-cancer-patient-calvin-brincat.1125893|titlu=Tributes paid to 'truly sensitive soul', cancer victim Calvin Brincat|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-03-23|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-23}}</ref> * 29: [[Elio Lombardi]], 92, kittieb u direttur tal-films <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/prolific-filmmaker-author-elio-lombardi-dies-aged-92.1126197|titlu=Prolific film-maker, author Elio Lombardi dies aged 92|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-03-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-awtur-tal-kotba-u-direttur-tal-films-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Imut l-awtur tal-kotba u direttur tal-films Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-03-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/03/29/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Elio Lombardi fl-età ta' 92 sena|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-03-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kittieb-u-attur-elio-lombardi-fl-eta-ta-92-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kittieb u attur Elio Lombardi fl-età ta’ 92 Sena|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Shanaya|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-elio-lombardi-figura-prominenti-fil-films-u-l-letteratura-maltija/|titlu=Imut Elio Lombardi, figura prominenti fil-films u l-letteratura Maltija|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=29 Marzu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-03-29/local-news/Maltese-author-and-film-director-Elio-Lombardi-dies-aged-92-6736288379|titlu=Maltese author and film director Elio Lombardi dies aged 92 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbar-meta-se-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-elio-lombardi/|titlu=Tħabbar meta se jingħata l-aħħar tislima Elio Lombardi|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=1 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ara-elio-dejjem-gharaf-li-kien-mimli-doni-minn-alla/|titlu=Ara: “Elio dejjem għaraf li kien mimli doni minn Alla”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=8 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tinghata-l-ahhar-tislima-lil-elio-lombardi-ikona-fid-drama-maltija/|titlu=Tingħata l-aħħar tislima lil Elio Lombardi … ikona fid-drama Maltija|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Enrique|data=8 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == April == * 2: [[Edmond Zarb]], 81, kittieb u mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/02/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-muzicist-u-awtur-edmond-zarb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-mużiċist u awtur Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-02|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-02}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tajt-kontribut-lill-kultura-maltija-imut-l-awtur-u-pjanist-edmond-zarb|titlu=“Tajt kontribut lill-kultura Maltija” – imut l-awtur u pjanist Edmond Zarb|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=2 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 6: [[Graziella Castillo]], 47, direttur tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/graziella-castillo-director-agenzija-appogg-dies-aged-47.1126547|titlu=Graziella Castillo, director of Agenzija Appoġġ, dies aged 47|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-graziella-castillo-direttrici-tal-agenzija-appogg/|titlu=Tmut Graziella Castillo – Direttriċi tal-Aġenzija Appoġġ|data=6 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 11: [[Colin Willis]], 81, eks-kummissajru Awstraljan għal Malta u attur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-13/local-news/Well-known-actor-Colin-Willis-passes-away-aged-81-6736288759|titlu=Well-known actor Colin Willis passes away aged 81 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-13}}</ref> * 12: [[Aurelio Belli]], 49, mużiċist u arranġatur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/musician-mpo-manager-aurelio-belli-dies-aged-49.1126829|titlu=Musician and MPO manager Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49|kunjom=Cummings|isem=James|data=2026-04-12|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://slippedisc.com/2026/04/malta-mourns-maestro-49/|titlu=Malta mourns maestro, 49|kunjom=lebrecht|isem=Norman|data=12 April 2026|sit=Slipped Disc|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-04-12/local-news/Maestro-Aurelio-Belli-dies-aged-49-6736288731|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies, aged 49 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/140933/maestro_aurelio_belli_dies_at_49_|titlu=Maestro Aurelio Belli dies at 49|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Juliana|data=12 April 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-il-maestro-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut il-Maestro Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=12 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-is-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Imut is-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-12|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-maestro-aurelio-belli-fl-eta-ta-49-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-Maestro Aurelio Belli fl-età ta’ 49 sena|kunjom=Sacco Baldacchino|isem=Kimberley|data=12 April 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/12/tithabbar-il-mewt-tas-surmast-aurelio-belli/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tas-Surmast Aurelio Belli|kunjom=Catania|isem=Francesco|data=2026-04-12|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-12}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/il-maestro-aurelio-belli-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima|titlu=Tislima lill-Maestro Aurelio Belli: “Mela s-silenzju b’ħajja ta’ noti”|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=18 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Desmond Morris]], 98, etoloġista Ingliż li għex f'Malta (1968–1974) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/desmond-morris-famous-zoologist-author-painter-malta-past-dies-98.1127264|titlu=Desmond Morris, famous zoologist, author and painter with Malta past, dies at 98|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-04-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-21}}</ref> * 24: [[Mary Grech]], 88, attriċi u xandara <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/veteran-actress-mary-grech-dies-aged-88.1127413|titlu=Veteran actress Mary Grech dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-04-24|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-attrici-u-prezentatrici-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-attriċi u preżentatriċi Mary Grech|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=24 April 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-l-eks-prezentattrici-televiziva-mary-grech/|titlu=Tmut l-eks preżentattriċi televiżiva Mary Grech|kunjom=Attard|isem=Francesca|data=2026-04-24|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/04/24/tmut-mary-grech-pijufniera-tax-xandir-u-fost-l-ewwel-ucuh-tat-televizjoni-maltija/|titlu=Tmut Mary Grech, attriċi, pijuniera tax-xandir u fost l-ewwel uċuħ tat-televiżjoni Maltija|kunjom=Abdilla|isem=Raymond|data=2026-04-24|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-04-24}}</ref> == Mejju == * 1: [[Dolindo Cassar]], 83, xandar u eks-president tas-[[Soċjetà Filarmonika La Stella]] u tat-[[Teatru Astra]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/tislima-lil-dolindo-cassar-li-ghadda-ghall-hajja-ta-dejjem-figura-li-halliet-marka-kbira-fil-kultura-ghawdxija/|titlu=Tislima Lil Dolindo Cassar Li Għadda Għall-Ħajja Ta’ Dejjem - Figura Li Ħalliet Marka Kbira Fil-Kultura Għawdxija|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-05-05|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.stgeorge.org.mt/events/funeral-of-dolindo-cassar/|titlu=Funeral of DOLINDO CASSAR|data=2026-05-03|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-05-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-dolindo-cassar.1129615|titlu=Appreciation: Dolindo Cassar|kunjom=Spiteri|isem=Charles|data=2026-06-08|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Noel Galea Bason]], 71, skultur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/15/imut-l-artist-noel-galea-bason/|titlu=Imut l-artist Noel Galea Bason|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-15|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/artist-noel-galea-bason-dies-aged-71.1128464|titlu=Artist Noel Galea Bason dies aged 71|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-05-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-noel-galea-bason-furjaniz-moghni-btalenti-artistici-varji/|titlu=Imut Noel Galea Bason, Furjaniż mogħni b’talenti artistiċi varji|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=15 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 19: [[Norbert Ellul Vincenti]], 88, patri Franġiskan, għalliem u kittieb <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/05/19/imut-p-norbert-ellul-vincenti-ofm/|titlu=Imut P. Norbert Ellul Vincenti OFM|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-19|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-05-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-patri-norbert-ellul-vincenti/|titlu=Imut Patri Norbert Ellul Vincenti|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=19 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 22: [[Franco Fenech]], 47, ko-eredi ta' Tumas Group <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/franco-fenech-22-05-2026|titlu=Franco Fenech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|data=22 Mejju 2026|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tumas-group-director-franco-fenech-dies.1128869|titlu=Tumas Group heir Franco Fenech dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-22|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/142011/franco_fenech_yorgen_fenechs_older_brother_passes_away|titlu=Franco Fenech, Yorgen Fenech's older brother, passes away|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Matthew|data=22 Mejju 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/05/22/franco-fenech-dies-with-drug-overdose/|titlu=Franco Fenech dies by drug overdose|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Mark|data=2026-05-22|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-07-07}}</ref> * 26: [[Benny Muscat]], 86, sid ta' diversi ristorant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/goodbye-nonno-renowned-restaurateur-benny-muscat-dies.1129052|titlu='Goodbye Nonno' – renowned restaurateur Benny Muscat dies|kunjom=Debono|isem=Fiona Galea|data=2026-05-26|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-26}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-benny-muscat-il-qalb-wara-ta-marija-palazzo-pescatore-u-trattoria-del-nonno/|titlu=Imut Benny Muscat, il-qalb wara Ta’ Marija, Palazzo Pescatore u Trattoria del Nonno|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=26 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://rip.com.mt/obituary/benny-muscat-26-05-2026|titlu=Benny Muscat - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-05-28}}</ref> * 28: [[Rose Riolo]], 90, attriċi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-l-eks-attrici-rose-riolo/|titlu=Tmut l-eks attriċi Rose Riolo|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=28 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-29-2026.1129195|titlu=Announcements – May 29, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-05-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-05-29}}</ref> * 28: [[Ray Ghigo Laferla]], ??, imprenditur u DJ <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-ray-ghigo-laferla-eks-dj-tal-griffin-u-fundatur-tal-ghigos-disco/|titlu=Imut Ray Ghigo Laferla, eks DJ tal-Griffin u fundatur tal-Ghigos Disco|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=29 Mejju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == Ġunju == * 4: [[Jonathan Cardona]], 47, eks-CEO tal-[[Enemalta]] <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-enemalta-ceo-residency-malta-head-jonathan-cardona-dies.1129476|titlu=Former Enemalta CEO, Residency Malta head Jonathan Cardona dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-04|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-eks-kap-ezekuttiv-tal-enemalta-u-residenza-malta-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-eks Kap Eżekuttiv tal-Enemalta u Residenza Malta Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/142318/former_joseph_muscat_aide_jonathan_cardona_passes_away_|titlu=Former Joseph Muscat aide Jonathan Cardona passes away|kunjom=Azzopardi|isem=Karl|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-eks-kap-tal-enemalta-u-tal-programm-tac-cittadinanza-jonathan-cardona/|titlu=Imut l-eks kap tal-Enemalta u tal-programm taċ-ċittadinanza Jonathan Cardona|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Neil|data=4 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/ara-il-pm-jinhasad-bil-mewt-ta-jonathan-cardona-waqt-il-gurament-tal-hatra-tal-membri-tal-kabinett/|titlu=ARA: il-PM jinħasad bil-mewt ta' Jonathan Cardona waqt il-ġurament tal-ħatra tal-membri tal-Kabinett|data=2026-06-04|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-04/local-news/CEO-of-Residency-Malta-Agency-Jonathan-Cardona-dies-6736290235|titlu=CEO of Residency Malta Agency, Jonathan Cardona, passes away - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-04}}</ref> * 5: [[Olivia Dow]]: ??, żeffiena u għalliema tal-ballet <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/renowned-ballet-teacher-olivia-dow-dies.1129558|titlu=Renowned ballet teacher Olivia Dow dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-06}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-olivia-dow.1129901|titlu=Appreciation: Olivia Dow|kunjom=Chetcuti|isem=Kristina|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 8: [[Antonio Briguglio]], 91, referee tal-futbol <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/sport/imut-l-ex-referee-internazzjonali-tonio-briguglio/|titlu=Imut l-ex-referee internazzjonali Tonio Briguglio|kunjom=Cossai|isem=Peter|data=2026-06-08|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/sports/football/142408/former_referee_antonio_briguglio_dies_|titlu=Former referee Antonio Briguglio dies|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sport.timesofmalta.com/2026/06/08/maltese-legendary-referee-tonio-briguglio-dies-aged-91/|titlu=Maltese legendary referee Tonio Briguglio dies, aged 91|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Valhmor|data=2026-06-08|sit=SportsDesk|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-06-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Josephine Xuereb]], ??, attivita u politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-pn-election-candidate-dies.1129912|titlu=Former PN election candidate dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/14/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-josephine-xuereb/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' Josephine Xuereb|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-14|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-14/local-news/Former-PN-candidate-Josephine-Xuereb-dies-6736290504|titlu=Former PN candidate Josephine Xuereb dies|data=14 Ġunju 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/17/josephine-xuereb-kienet-mara-li-uzat-it-talenti-taghha-biex-tkattar-il-gid/|titlu="Josephine Xuereb kienet mara li użat it-talenti tagħha biex tkattar il-ġid"|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-06-17|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 18: [[Helen Borg]], ??, eks President tal-Kunsill tal-Iskola għat-Tagħlim Tul il-Ħajja u eks Kap tal-Iskola Vincenzo Borg Brared, marda tal-Parkinson's <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/riptmut-helen-borg-eks-president-tal-kunsill-tal-iskola-ghat-taghlim-tul-il-hajja-u-eks-headteacher-ta-birkirkara/|titlu=Tmut Helen Borg, Eks President Tal-Kunsill Tal-Iskola Għat-Tagħlim Tul Il-Ħajja U Eks Headteacher Ta’ Birkirkara|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-06-19|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 21: [[Żeppi l-Ħafi|Joseph Fenech]], 71, kriminal magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/joseph-fenech-known-zeppi-lhafi-dies-aged-71.1130234|titlu=Joseph Fenech, known as Żeppi l-Ħafi, dies aged 71|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhal-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech, magħruf bħal Żeppi l-Ħafi|kunjom=Cachia|isem=Paul|data=21 Ġunju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-joseph-fenech-maghruf-bhala-zeppi-l-hafi/|titlu=Imut Joseph Fenech magħruf bħala Żeppi l-Ħafi|data=2026-06-21|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-21}}</ref> * 22: [[Paul Fenech (kunsilleri)|Paul Fenech]], 79, kunsillier tas-Swieqi, artist u kowċ tal-basketball <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-swieqi-councillor-artist-basketball-coach-paul-fenech-dies.1130293|titlu=Former Swieqi councillor, artist and basketball coach, Paul Fenech dies aged 79|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-06-22|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/22/il-pn-isellem-il-memorja-ta-paul-fenech-li-serva-ghal-snin-twal-bhala-kunsillier-lokali-tal-pn-fi-swieqi/|titlu=Il-PN isellem il-memorja ta' Paul Fenech li serva għal snin twal bħala kunsillier lokali tal-PN fi Swieqi|kunjom=Borg|isem=Maria|data=2026-06-22|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-22}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/paul-fenech-22-06-2026|titlu=Paul Fenech - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-06-25}}</ref> * 29: [[Antoinette Miggiani]], 88, sopran u għalliema tal-kant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-is-sopran-u-ghallieam-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tmut is-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/06/29/thabbret-il-mewt-tas-sopran-u-ghalliema-tal-kant-antoinette-miggiani/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tas-sopran u għalliema tal-kant Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/antoinette-miggiani-soprano-teacher-dies-aged-88.1130669|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani, soprano, teacher dies aged 88|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-06-29|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-06-29}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-06-29/local-news/Renowned-Maltese-soprano-and-vocal-teacher-Antoinette-Miggiani-dies-aged-88-6736290961|titlu=Renowned Maltese soprano and vocal teacher Antoinette Miggiani dies aged 88|data=29 June 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/antoinette-miggiani-29-06-2026|titlu=Antoinette Miggiani|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|data=30 Ġunju 2026|sit=RIP.com.mt|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/appreciation-antoinette-miggiani-19372026.1130913|titlu=Appreciation: Antoinette Miggiani (1937-2026)|kunjom=Said|isem=Mark|data=2026-07-05|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-05}}</ref> == Lulju == * 1: [[John Ripard Snr]], 96, baħħar Olimpiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-07-01/local-news/Sailing-icon-and-RMYC-Honorary-President-John-Ripard-Snr-Passes-Away-6736291009|titlu=Sailing icon and RMYC Honorary President John Ripard Snr dies, aged 96 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/john-ripard-snr-cofounder-rolex-middle-sea-race-dies-aged-96.1130762|titlu=John Ripard Snr, Olympian and co-founder of Rolex Middle Sea Race, dies aged 96|kunjom=Bonanno|isem=Matthew|data=2026-07-01|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/07/01/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-john-ripard-pijunier-tal-ibburdjar-fmalta/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta' John Ripard...pijunier tal-ibburdjar f'Malta|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-07-01|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-01}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-july-3-2026.1130831|titlu=Announcements – July 3, 2026|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/john-c-ripard-01-07-2026|titlu=John C Ripard|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=RIP.com.mt|lingwa=en}}</ref> * 3: [[Carmen Vella]], 79, kantanta u xandara <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/tmut-carmen-vella-li-kienet-kantanta-u-xandara-ma-radju-malta/|titlu=Tmut Carmen Vella li kienet kantanta u xandara ma’ Radju Malta|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kantanta-u-xandara-carmen-vella/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-kantanta u xandara Carmen Vella|kunjom=Cini|isem=Luana|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tmut-il-kantanta-carmen-vella/|titlu=Tmut il-kantanta Carmen Vella|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/kelli-x-xorti-nipprezenta-maghha-ghal-diversi-snin-il-programm-tar-radju-maltin-biss-in-neputija-bmessagg-lil-carmen-vella-li-hallietna/|titlu=“Kelli X-Xorti Nippreżenta Magħha Għal Diversi Snin Il-Programm Tar-Radju Maltin Biss” – In-Neputija B’Messaġġ Lil Carmen Vella Li Ħallietna|kunjom=Grech|isem=Matthea|data=3 Lulju 2026|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://themalteseherald.com/2026/07/04/farewell-carmen-vella-another-icon-of-the-maltese-song-scene-passes-away/|titlu=Farewell Carmen Vella - another icon of the Maltese song scene passes away|kunjom=Fenech|isem=Gerald|data=2026-07-04|sit=The Maltese Herald|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-07-04|arkivju-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260704130639/https://themalteseherald.com/2026/07/04/farewell-carmen-vella-another-icon-of-the-maltese-song-scene-passes-away/|arkivju-data=2026-07-04|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://sliema.news/local/carmen-vella-sliema-cabaret-legend-dies-at-79/|titlu=Carmen Vella, Sliema Cabaret Legend, Dies at 79|kunjom=Camilleri|isem=Paul|data=2026-07-04|sit=sliema.news|lingwa=en-MT|data-aċċess=2026-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-july-6-2026.1130957|titlu=Announcements – July 6, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-07-06|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.mt/obituary/carmen-portanier-03-07-2026|titlu=Carmen Portanier - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=www.rip.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-07-08}}</ref> * 14: [[Ryan Spiteri]], 47, DJ, avvelenament aċċidentali mill-monossidu tal-karbonju <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/two-found-dead-parked-car-marsascala.1131404|titlu=Two found dead in parked car in Marsascala|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-07-14|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/dj-woman-died-accidental-carbon-monoxide-poisoning-probe-indicates.1131419|titlu=DJ and woman died of accidental carbon monoxide poisoning|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Mark Laurence|data=2026-07-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/tributes-dj-ryan-spiteri-following-sudden-death.1131405|titlu=Tributes to DJ Ryan Spiteri after he is found dead in car with woman|kunjom=Magri|isem=Giulia|data=2026-07-15|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/news/local/ryan-spiteri-and-woman-believed-to-have-died-from-carbon-monoxide-poisoning/|titlu=Ryan Spiteri And Woman Believed To Have Died From Carbon Monoxide Poisoning|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Gabriel|data=2026-07-15|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://lovinmalta.com/news/local/police-confirm-ryan-spiteri-and-woman-died-from-accidental-carbon-monoxide-poisoning/|titlu=Police Confirm Ryan Spiteri And Woman Died From Accidental Carbon Monoxide Poisoning|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Gabriel|data=2026-07-15|lingwa=en-GB|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/l-investigazzjoni-fil-mewt-taz-zewg-persuni-fkarozza-tindika-li-sehh-b-avvelenament-accidentali/|titlu=L-awtopsja turi li ż-żewġ persuni f'karozza f'Wied il-Għajn mietu b' avvelenament aċċidentali|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-07-15|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/ragel-u-mara-jinstabu-mejta-fgaraxx-fwied-il-ghajn-eskluz-omicidju/|titlu=AĠĠORNAT: DJ Ryan Spiteri u mara ta' 41 sena jinstabu mejta f'garaxx f'Wied il-Għajn – eskluż omiċidju|data=2026-07-14|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tad-dj-mahbub-ryan-spiteri/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tad-DJ maħbub Ryan Spiteri|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Shanaya|data=15 Lulju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/il-prim-ministru-jsellem-il-memorja-ta-ryan-spiteri/|titlu=Il-Prim Ministru jsellem il-memorja ta’ Ryan Spiteri|kunjom=Farrugia|isem=Shanaya|data=15 Lulju 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/07/15/ragel-umara-jinstabu-mejta-fkarozza/|titlu="Mhu se ninsewk qatt" - qraba u ħbieb isellmu lil Ryan Spiteri wara l-mewt tiegħu|kunjom=Balbi|isem=Nicole Sciberras|data=2026-07-15|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/07/15/l-investigaturi-jemmnu-li-mietu-avvelenati-bil-carbon-monoxide-mill-ac-tal-karozza/|titlu=L-investigaturi jemmnu li mietu avvelenati bil-carbon monoxide mill-AC tal-karozza|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-07-15|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/eluf-ixxukkjati-bil-mewt-tad-dj-ryan-spiteri/|titlu=Eluf ixxukkjati bil-mewt tad-DJ Ryan Spiteri|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Francesca|data=15 Lulju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/mara-u-ragel-jinstabu-mejta-fkarozza-pparkjata-fmarsaskala/|titlu=DJ u mara jmutu “b’avvelenament tal-monossidu tal-karbonju b’mod aċċidentali”|kunjom=Attard|isem=Charmaine|data=15 Lulju 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/hafna-mbikkma-u-mahsuda-bil-mewt-tad-dj-mahbub-ryan-spiteri-strieh-fis-sliem/|titlu=Ħafna Mbikkma U Maħsuda Bil-Mewt Tad-DJ Maħbub Ryan Spiteri - Strieħ Fis-Sliem|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-07-14|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/court_and_police/143172/two_found_dead_in_car_in_marsaskala1|titlu=DJ Ryan Spiteri and woman died from carbon monoxide poisoning, death considered accidental|kunjom=Sansone|isem=Kurt|data=15 July 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-07-15}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ara-id-dj-ryan-spiteri-jinghata-l-ahhar-tislima/|titlu=Ara: Id-DJ Ryan Spiteri jingħata l-aħħar tislima|kunjom=Gauci|isem=Francesca|data=18 July 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 28: [[Anthony Spiteri]], ??, eks-membru tas-sigurtà tal-MFA <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/07/28/imut-anthony-spiteri-imlaqqam-bhala-jerry-lewis-li-ghal-snin-twal-hadem-bhala-membru-tas-sigurta-tal-mfa/|titlu=Imut Anthony Spiteri, imlaqqam bħala 'Jerry Lewis', li għal snin twal ħadem bħala membru tas-sigurtà tal-MFA|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Christian|data=2026-07-28|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-07-28}}</ref> == Awwissu == * 11: [[Norman Hamilton]], 85, xandar u negozjant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/veteran-broadcaster-norman-hamilton-dies-aged-85.1132535|titlu=Veteran broadcaster Norman Hamilton dies aged 85|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-11|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/kien-pedament-tax-xandir-fpajjizna-l-ewwel-reazzjonijiet-wara-l-mewt-tax-xandar-veteran-norman-hamilton/|titlu=“Kien pedament tax-xandir f’pajjiżna” – l-ewwel reazzjonijiet wara l-mewt tax-xandar veteran Norman Hamilton|data=11 Awwissu 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/il-prim-ministru-u-l-partit-laburista-jsellmu-l-memorja-ta-norman-hamilton/|titlu=Il-Prim Ministru u l-Partit Laburista jsellmu l-memorja ta’ Norman Hamilton|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=11 Awwissu 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-norman-hamilton-pijunier-tax-xandir-fmalta/|titlu=Imut Norman Hamilton, pijunier tax-xandir f’Malta|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-11|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/norman-hamilton-imut-fl-eta-ta-85-sena/|titlu=Norman Hamilton imut fl-età ta’ 85 sena|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=11 Awwissu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-08-11/local-news/Veteran-broadcaster-Norman-Hamilton-dies-aged-85-6736292052|titlu=Veteran broadcaster Norman Hamilton dies aged 85 - The Malta Independent|sit=www.independent.com.mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/08/11/thabbret-il-mewt-tal-eks-prezentatur-televiziv-norman-hamilton-fl-eta-ta-85-sena/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tal-eks preżentatur televiżiv Norman Hamilton fl-età ta' 85 sena|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-11|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/143727/veteran_broadcaster_and_former_ambassador_norman_hamilton_dead_at_85|titlu=Veteran broadcaster and former ambassador Norman Hamilton dead at 85|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-august-13-2026.1132660|titlu=Announcements – August 13, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-13|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/l-ikbar-vokazzjoni-ta-norman-kienet-il-familja/|titlu=Ara: “L-ikbar vokazzjoni ta’ Norman kienet il-familja”|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=14 Awwissu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 12: [[Nazju Cassar]], 74, Kunsillier f'isem il-Partit Nazzjonalista fir-Rabat sa mit-twaqqif tal-Kunsilli Lokali <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/08/12/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-kunsillier-tal-pn-fir-rabat-nazju-cassar/}}</ref> * 13: [[Raymond Chetcuti]], 66, eks-Direttur Ġenerali fil-qasam soċjali <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-raymond-chetcuti-ex-direttur-generali-fil-qasam-socjali-fl-eta-ta-66-sena/|titlu=Imut Raymond Chetcuti, ex Direttur Ġenerali fil-qasam soċjali fl-età ta' 66 sena|data=2026-08-13|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/ragel-umli-ta-qalb-kbira-u-bgentilezza-li-ma-tinsa-qatt-imut-raymond-chetcuti/|titlu=“Raġel umli, ta’ qalb kbira u b’ġentilezza li ma tinsa qatt”: imut Raymond Chetcuti|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=13 Awwissu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> * 16: [[Charles Demicoli]], 80, eks-spettur tal-pulizija u attivist politiku <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/ex-police-inspector-pn-activist-charles-demicoli-dies-aged-80.1132824|titlu=Ex police inspector and PN activist Charles Demicoli dies aged 80|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-16|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-08-16}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/08/16/il-pn-isellem-il-memorja-ta-charles-demicoli/|titlu=Il-PN isellem il-memorja ta’ Charles Demicoli|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-16|sit=NETnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-16}}</ref> * 17: [[Lino Cauchi (mużiċist)|Lino Cauchi]], 76, mużiċist (twieled fit-30 ta' Novembru 1949) <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-lino-cauchi-wiehed-mill-pijunieri-tal-jazz-malti/|titlu=Imut Lino Cauchi, wieħed mill-pijunieri tal-jazz Malti|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=17 Awwissu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/muzicist-rispettat-li-tani-kompozizzjonijiet-mill-isbah-paul-giordimaina-isellem-lil-lino-cauchi/|titlu="Mużiċist Rispettat Li Tani Kompożizzjonijiet Mill-Isbaħ" – Paul Giordimaina Isellem Lil Lino Cauchi|kunjom=Bayliss|isem=Emil Calleja|data=2026-08-17|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-17}}</ref> * 17: [[John Lowell]], 90, bankier, eks-chairman tat-Teatru Manoel u ambaxxatur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/former-manoel-theatre-chairman-ambassador-john-lowell-dies.1132874|titlu=Former Manoel Theatre chairman, ambassador John Lowell dies|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-17|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-august-19-2026.1132911|titlu=Announcements – August 19, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-19|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-08-19}}</ref> * 19: [[Ġorġ Mallia]], 68, akkademiku, karikaturist u kittieb <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/cartoonist-author-gorg-mallia-dies-aged-68.1132924|titlu=Academic, cartoonist and author Ġorġ Mallia dies aged 68|kunjom=Carabott|isem=Sarah|data=2026-08-19|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-prof-gorg-mallia/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-Prof. Ġorġ Mallia|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=19 Awwissu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-akkademiku-gorg-mallia-fl-eta-ta-68-sena/|titlu=Imut l-akkademiku Ġorġ Mallia fl-età ta' 68 sena|data=2026-08-19|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://maltadaily.mt/articles/author-trevor-zahra-pays-tribute-to-late-or-mallia|titlu=Trevor Zahra’s Tribute To Late Ġorġ Mallia|data=2026-08-19|sit=MaltaDaily|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/143846/cartoonist_or_mallia_draws_his_last_smile_at_68|titlu=Cartoonist Ġorġ Mallia draws his last smile at 68|kunjom=Sansone|isem=Kurt|data=19 Awwissu 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-08-19}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/gorg-mallia-jhalli-warajh-wirt-fl-arti-il-komunikazzjoni-u-l-edukazzjoni/|titlu=Ġorġ Mallia jħalli warajh wirt fl-arti, il-komunikazzjoni u l-edukazzjoni|kunjom=Mallia|isem=Maria Christina|data=2026-08-20|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-08-20}}</ref> * 20: [[Charles J. Falzon]], 87, akkademiku u ekonomista <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/former-university-lecturer-charles-j-falzon-passes-away|titlu=Former university lecturer Charles J Falzon passes away|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-08-21}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-eks-lettur-universitarju-charles-j-falzon|titlu=Imut l-eks lettur universitarju Charles J. Falzon|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=21 Awwissu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-august-21-2026.1133004|titlu=Announcements – August 21, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-08-21|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-08-21}}</ref> * 26: Mons. [[Lawrenz Zammit]], 75, eks-Arċipriet tal-Furjana <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-mons-lawrenz-zammit/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta’ Mons. Lawrenz Zammit|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=27 Awwissu 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == Settembru == * 4: [[Bro. Edward Galea]], 102, edukatur Lasalljan <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/bro-edward-galea-icon-de-la-salle-brothers-dies-aged-102.1133704|titlu=Bro. Edward Galea, icon of De La Salle Brothers, dies, aged 102|kunjom=Grech|isem=Herman|data=2026-09-04|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-br-edward/|titlu=Imut Br Edward|kunjom=Mamo|isem=Christine|data=4 Settembru 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-bro-edward-galea-fl-eta-ta-102/|titlu=Imut Bro. Edward Galea fl-età ta' 102|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-09-05|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-09-05}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.independent.com.mt/articles/2026-09-04/local-news/De-La-Salle-s-Brother-Edward-dies-aged-102-6736292676|titlu=De La Salle's Brother Edward dies, aged 102|data=4 Settembru 2026|sit=The Malta Independent|lingwa=en}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/br-edward-anton-galea-fsc-04-09-2026|titlu=Br Edward (Anton) Galea FSC - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|data=7 Settembru 2026|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-08}}</ref> * 7: [[Silvio Meli]], 72, eks-imħallef <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/retired-judge-silvio-meli-dies-aged-72.1133779|titlu=Retired judge Silvio Meli dies aged 72|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-09-07|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-tal-imhallef-emeritu-silvio-meli-fl-ghomor-ta-72-sena/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt tal-Imħallef Emeritu Silvio Meli fl-għomor ta’ 72 sena|kunjom=Caruana|isem=Josef|data=7 Settembru 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/news/national/144233/retired_judge_silvio_meli_dies_aged_72|titlu=Retired judge Silvio Meli dies aged 72|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Juliana|data=7 Settembru 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/thabbret-il-mewt-tal-imhallef-irtirat-silvio-meli/|titlu=Tħabbret il-mewt tal-Imħallef irtirat Silvio Meli|kunjom=Lia|isem=Gabriel|data=7 Settembru 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-imhallef-emeritu-silvio-meli/|titlu=Imut l-Imħallef irtirat Silvio Meli|kunjom=Micallef|isem=Gaetano|data=2026-09-07|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-09-07}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/09/07/imut-l-eks-imhallef-silvio-meli/|titlu=AĠĠORNATA: Imut l-eks Imħallef Silvio Meli|kunjom=Cassar|isem=Joe|data=2026-09-07|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-09-07}}</ref> * 7: [[Spiru Cauchi]], 90, mużiċist <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-spiru-cauchi-il-muzicist-veteran-minn-ghajnsielem/|titlu=Imut Spiru Cauchi, il-mużiċist veteran minn Għajnsielem|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=7 Settembru 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://gwida.mt/sal-ahhar-gimgha-bqajt-tferrah-lin-nies-anke-fl-isptar-bit-talent-u-s-simpatija-tieghek-l-mep-peter-agius-isellem-lil-spiru-cauchi/|titlu="Sal-Aħħar Ġimgħa Bqajt Tferraħ Lin-Nies Anke Fl-Isptar Bit-Talent U S-Simpatija Tiegħek" - L-MEP Peter Agius Isellem Lil Spiru Cauchi|kunjom=Zarb|isem=Kyle|data=2026-09-07|sit=Gwida|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-09-08}}</ref> * 10: [[Lawrence V. Zrinzo]], 81, newrokirurgu <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-lawrence-v-zrinzo-il-pijunier-li-introduca-n-newrokirurgija-fmalta|titlu=Imut Lawrence V. Zrinzo, il-pijunier li introduċa n-newrokirurġija f’Malta|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=10 Settembru 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/neurosurgeon-removed-bullet-wound-hijack-survivor-head-dies.1133950|titlu=Neurosurgeon who removed bullet from hijack victim’s head dies|kunjom=Ellul|isem=Daniel|data=2026-09-10|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-09-10}}</ref> * 15: [[Paul Cuschieri]], 78, professur tal-mikrobijoloġija <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://whoswho.mt/en/microbiologist-professor-paul-cuschieri-passes-away-aged-78|titlu=Microbiologist Professor Paul Cuschieri passes away aged 78|kunjom=Falzon|isem=Julia|data=16 Settembru 2026|sit=whoswho.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://timesofmalta.com/article/announcements-september-17-2026.1134217|titlu=Announcements – September 17, 2026|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-09-17|sit=Times of Malta|lingwa=en-gb|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.rip.com.mt/obituary/prof-paul-cuschieri-15-09-2026|titlu=Prof Paul Cuschieri - RIP.com.mt|kunjom=Gatt|isem=Thomas|sit=www.rip.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref> * 17: [[Joe Attard (GreenMT)|Joe Attard]], ??, negozjant <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://talk.mt/tithabbar-il-mewt-ta-joe-attard-kap-ezekuttiv-ta-greenmt/|titlu=Titħabbar il-mewt ta’ Joe Attard - Kap Eżekuttiv ta’ GreenMT|kunjom=|data=2026-09-17|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref> * 18: [[Joe Gatt (attur)|Joe Gatt]], 86, attur <ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://www.maltatoday.com.mt/lifestyle/television/144476/actor_joe_gatt_dies_aged_86|titlu=Actor Joe Gatt dies aged 86|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Juliana|data=18 Settembru 2026|sit=MaltaToday.com.mt|lingwa=en|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://tvmnews.mt/news/imut-l-attur-joe-gatt-fl-eta-ta-86-sena/|titlu=Imut l-attur Joe Gatt fl-età ta' 86 sena|data=2026-09-18|sit=TVMnews|lingwa=mt|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://netnews.com.mt/2026/09/18/imut-l-attur-joe-gatt-fl-eta-ta-86-sena/|titlu=Imut l-attur Joe Gatt fl-età ta' 86 sena|kunjom=|isem=|data=2026-09-18|lingwa=en-US|data-aċċess=2026-09-18}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://newsbook.com.mt/imut-l-attur-awtur-u-kantant-joe-gatt/|titlu=Imut l-attur, awtur u kantant Joe Gatt|kunjom=Zammit|isem=Frederick|data=18 Settembru 2026|sit=Newsbook|lingwa=mt}}</ref><ref>{{Ċita web|url=https://one.com.mt/imut-l-attur-joe-gatt-fl-eta-ta-86-sena/|titlu=Imut l-attur Joe Gatt fl-età ta’ 86 sena|kunjom=Portelli|isem=Eman|data=18 Settembru 2026|sit=ONEnews|lingwa=mt}}</ref> == Ara aktar == * [[:Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026]] - tinkludi ħoloq għal artikli fil-Wikipedija dwar nies li mietu fl-2026 == Referenzi == {{Referenzi}} [[Kategorija:Nies Maltin]] [[Kategorija:2026 f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Imwiet f'Malta]] [[Kategorija:Mietu fl-2026|*]] [[Kategorija:Listi ta' mwiet bis-sena]] 0u1xqu1huwzq61fy89hrk77599j7wld 0 34636 332126 2026-09-18T20:32:44Z Trigcly 17859 Kontenut inizjali 332126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali patrijotta. * 1815 &#x2013; Austria, the United Kingdom, and France form a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia. * 1833 &#x2013; Captain James Onslow, in the ''Clio'', reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands. * 1848 &#x2013; Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of Liberia. * 1861 &#x2013; American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States. * 1868 &#x2013; Meiji Restoration in Japan: The Tokugawa shogunate is abolished; agents of Satsuma and Chōshū seize power. * 1870 &#x2013; Construction work begins on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, United States. * 1871 &#x2013; In the Battle of Bapaume, an engagement in the Franco-Prussian War, General Louis Faidherbe's forces bring about a Prussian retreat. * 1885 &#x2013; Sino-French War: Beginning of the Battle of Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; A magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroys the city of Almaty in Russian Turkestan. * 1911 &#x2013; A gun battle in the East End of London leaves two dead. It sparked a political row over the involvement of then-Home Secretary Winston Churchill. * 1913 &#x2013; An Atlantic coast storm sets the lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) for a non-tropical system in the continental United States.<ref name="nyt" /> * 1913 &#x2013; First Balkan War: Greece completes its capture of the eastern Aegean island of Chios, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender. * 1920 &#x2013; Over 640 are killed after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes the Mexican states Puebla and Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; Minnie D. Craig becomes the first woman elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives, the first woman to hold a Speaker position anywhere in the United States. * 1944 &#x2013; World War II: US flying ace Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington is shot down in his Vought F4U Corsair by Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Mitsubishi A6M Zero. * 1946 &#x2013; Popular Canadian American jockey George Woolf suffers a concussion during a freak racing accident; he dies from the injury the following day. The annual George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award is created to honor him. * 1947 &#x2013; Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time. * 1949 &#x2013; The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the central bank of the Philippines, is established. * 1953 &#x2013; Frances P. Bolton and her son, Oliver from Ohio, become the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in the U.S. Congress.<ref name="Congress1965" /> * 1956 &#x2013; A fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower. * 1957 &#x2013; The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * 1958 &#x2013; The West Indies Federation is formed. * 1959 &#x2013; Alaska is admitted as the 49th U.S. state. * 1961 &#x2013; Cold War: After a series of economic retaliations against one another, the United States severs diplomatic relations with Cuba. * 1961 &#x2013; The SL-1 nuclear reactor, near Idaho Falls, Idaho, is destroyed by a steam explosion in the only reactor incident in the United States to cause immediate fatalities. * 1961 &#x2013; A protest by agricultural workers in Baixa de Cassanje, Portuguese Angola, turns into a revolt, opening the Angolan War of Independence, the first of the Portuguese Colonial Wars. * 1961 &#x2013; Aero Flight 311 crashes into the forest in Kvevlax, Finland, killing 25 people. * 1962 &#x2013; Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro. * 1976 &#x2013; The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, comes into force. * 1977 &#x2013; Apple Computer is incorporated. * 1987 &#x2013; Varig Flight 797 crashes near Akouré in the Ivory Coast, resulting in 50 deaths.<ref name="Avsaf" /> * 1990 &#x2013; United States invasion of Panama: Manuel Noriega, former leader of Panama, surrenders to American forces. * 1992 &#x2013; CommutAir Flight 4821 crashes on approach to Adirondack Regional Airport, in Saranac Lake, New York, killing two people.<ref name="AvSafetyNetwork" /> * 1993 &#x2013; In Moscow, Russia, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). * 1994 &#x2013; Baikal Airlines Flight 130 crashes near Mamoney, Irkutsk, Russia, resulting in 125 deaths. * 1999 &#x2013; The ''Mars Polar Lander'' is launched by NASA.<ref name="NSSDCMissionInfo" /> * 2002 &#x2013; Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Israeli forces seize the Palestinian freighter ''Karine A'' in the Red Sea, finding 50 tons of weapons. * 2004 &#x2013; Flash Airlines Flight 604 crashes into the Red Sea, resulting in 148 deaths, making it one of the deadliest aviation accidents in Egyptian history. * 2009 &#x2013; The first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the ''Genesis block'', is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto. * 2015 &#x2013; Boko Haram militants destroy the entire town of Baga in north-east Nigeria, starting the Baga massacre and killing as many as 2,000 people.<ref name="WSJ_1" /> * 2016 &#x2013; In response to the execution of Nimr al-Nimr, Iran ends its diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia. * 2018 &#x2013; For the first time in history, all five major storm surge gates in the Netherlands are closed simultaneously in the wake of a storm. * 2019 &#x2013; Chang'e 4 makes the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, deploying the Yutu-2 lunar rover. * 2020 &#x2013; Iranian General Qasem Soleimani is killed by an American airstrike near Baghdad International Airport, igniting global concerns of a potential armed conflict. * 2023 &#x2013; Singapore's Jurong Bird Park permanently closes. * 2024 &#x2013; At least 91 people are killed in bombings in Kerman, Iran, during a ceremony commemorating the assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani four years earlier. * 2026 &#x2013; The United States conducts airstrikes across northern Venezuela, including the capital Caracas and captures Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro and first lady Cilia Flores. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 BC &#x2013; Cicero, Roman philosopher, lawyer, and politician (died 43 BC) * 1509 &#x2013; Gian Girolamo Albani, Italian cardinal (died 1591) === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, English political theorist (died 1677) * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet and songwriter (died 1782) * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (died 1796) * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish biologist and explorer (died 1752) * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (died 1792) * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Indian ruler (died 1799) * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont (died 1863) * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish archbishop (died 1861) * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, American activist (died 1880) * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, English lawyer and politician (died 1898) * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, English journalist and playwright (died 1857) * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, German soprano and actress (died 1854) * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer, ethnologist, linguist, and astronomer (died 1897) * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, American businessman and politician (died 1891)<ref name="cyclopedia" /> * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer and academic (died 1900) * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, Indian poet, educator, and activist (died 1897) * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai and rebel leader (died 1867) * 1840 &#x2013; Father Damien, Flemish priest and missionary (died 1889) * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, Italian physician (died 1935) * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, Swedish writer (died 1921) * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, English businessman (died 1914) * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1899) * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1904) * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, English soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Queensland (died 1939) * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (died 1936) * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, Australian-English author (died 1946) * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, Japanese businessman and art collector, founded the Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (died 1957) * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, German carpenter and politician, 1st President of the German Democratic Republic (died 1960) * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, American actress (died 1957) * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, Irish Jesuit priest and photographer (died 1960) * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, English soldier, lawyer, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1967) * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, Canadian discus thrower and hammer thrower (died 1963) * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (died 1948) * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, American businessman (died 1912) * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, American poet and author (died 1950) * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, Australian cricketer (died 1967) * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, German-French painter (died 1914) * 1892 &#x2013; J.R.R. Tolkien, English writer, poet, and philologist (died 1973) * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, American actress (died 1963) * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, Irish republican revolutionary, (died 1985) * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, American actress and comedian (died 1961) * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, American author and illustrator (died 1990) * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, American businessman (died 1985) === 1901–present === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, Vietnamese lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Vietnam (died 1963) * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, Italian engineer (died 1996) * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, American actress (died 1961) * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, Russian farm worker (died 1991) * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (died 1986) * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, Danish-American pianist and conductor (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, American baseball player and manager (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, American director and producer (died 1992) * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, Spanish soldier (died 1936) * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, Canadian journalist and politician (died 2002) * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, American-Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2005) * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, American painter and soldier (died 2010) * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, American actress and television journalist (died 1994) * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, American golfer (died 2004) * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, Dutch author and actor (died 2004)^{&#x5B;''better&#x20;source&#x20;needed''&#x5D;} * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., American journalist and publisher, co-founded Farrar, Straus and Giroux (died 2004) * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (died 1963) * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, German lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Germany (died 1977) * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, Russian historian of mathematics (died 2005) * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, English actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1994) * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, American football coach and sportscaster (died 2005) * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, German businessman and philanthropist, founded Metro AG (died 2013) * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, Italian football player (died 1962) * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, Belgian author and illustrator (died 1997) * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, American soprano and educator (died 2005) * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, English actress (died 2009) * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, American economist and politician, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, English composer, conductor, and producer (died 2016) * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (died 2015) * 1929 &#x2013; Sergio Leone, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1989) * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, German-Brazilian composer and conductor (died 2025) * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, American businessman, co-founder of Intel Corporation (died 2023) * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, American illustrator (died 2025) * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, American actor and director (died 2015) * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, American actor (died 2024)<ref name="AP" /> * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, Finnish pole vaulter and politician (died 2022) * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, English lawyer (died 2025) * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, American-English poet and author (died 2020) * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, German mercenary * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, American-French actress, singer, and dancer (died 2008) * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, Canadian businessman and politician * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, American director, producer, and screenwriter, created ''Battlestar Galactica'' (died 2014) * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, English academic and politician * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (died 2006) * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (died 2013) * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2023) * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, Polish footballer and coach (died 2007) * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, Italian actor and director (died 2008) * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, New Zealand rugby player * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, Australian lawyer and activist (died 2006) * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, English actor and producer, played Inspector Morse (died 2002) * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, musician, composer, author, and actor * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, Australian author * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (died 2016) * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, English bass player, songwriter, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (died 2002) * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, English rugby player * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, American singer-songwriter (died 2013) * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, Australian footballer * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, American teenager and murder victim (died 1965) * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, American actress and businesswoman * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, American journalist and academic * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serbian plane crash survivor and Guinness World Record holder (died 2016) * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (died 2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer<ref name="aus" /> * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer<ref name="bio" /> * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (died 2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (died 2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician<ref name="AP" /> * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality<ref name="AP" /> * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer<ref name="AP" /> * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress<ref name="UPI" /> * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress<ref name="AP" /> * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter<ref name="AP" /> * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (died 2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (died 2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress<ref name="EmpireProf" /> * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Deaths == === Pre-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–present === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942)<ref name="Ivon" /> * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Holidays and observances == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == References == rclb1s31dgpr8cvhczx5v1bgvvpxfcm 332127 332126 2026-09-19T04:33:48Z Trigcly 17859 added [[Category:Jannar]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 332127 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali patrijotta. * 1815 &#x2013; Austria, the United Kingdom, and France form a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia. * 1833 &#x2013; Captain James Onslow, in the ''Clio'', reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands. * 1848 &#x2013; Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of Liberia. * 1861 &#x2013; American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States. * 1868 &#x2013; Meiji Restoration in Japan: The Tokugawa shogunate is abolished; agents of Satsuma and Chōshū seize power. * 1870 &#x2013; Construction work begins on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, United States. * 1871 &#x2013; In the Battle of Bapaume, an engagement in the Franco-Prussian War, General Louis Faidherbe's forces bring about a Prussian retreat. * 1885 &#x2013; Sino-French War: Beginning of the Battle of Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; A magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroys the city of Almaty in Russian Turkestan. * 1911 &#x2013; A gun battle in the East End of London leaves two dead. It sparked a political row over the involvement of then-Home Secretary Winston Churchill. * 1913 &#x2013; An Atlantic coast storm sets the lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) for a non-tropical system in the continental United States.<ref name="nyt" /> * 1913 &#x2013; First Balkan War: Greece completes its capture of the eastern Aegean island of Chios, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender. * 1920 &#x2013; Over 640 are killed after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes the Mexican states Puebla and Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; Minnie D. Craig becomes the first woman elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives, the first woman to hold a Speaker position anywhere in the United States. * 1944 &#x2013; World War II: US flying ace Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington is shot down in his Vought F4U Corsair by Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Mitsubishi A6M Zero. * 1946 &#x2013; Popular Canadian American jockey George Woolf suffers a concussion during a freak racing accident; he dies from the injury the following day. The annual George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award is created to honor him. * 1947 &#x2013; Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time. * 1949 &#x2013; The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the central bank of the Philippines, is established. * 1953 &#x2013; Frances P. Bolton and her son, Oliver from Ohio, become the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in the U.S. Congress.<ref name="Congress1965" /> * 1956 &#x2013; A fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower. * 1957 &#x2013; The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * 1958 &#x2013; The West Indies Federation is formed. * 1959 &#x2013; Alaska is admitted as the 49th U.S. state. * 1961 &#x2013; Cold War: After a series of economic retaliations against one another, the United States severs diplomatic relations with Cuba. * 1961 &#x2013; The SL-1 nuclear reactor, near Idaho Falls, Idaho, is destroyed by a steam explosion in the only reactor incident in the United States to cause immediate fatalities. * 1961 &#x2013; A protest by agricultural workers in Baixa de Cassanje, Portuguese Angola, turns into a revolt, opening the Angolan War of Independence, the first of the Portuguese Colonial Wars. * 1961 &#x2013; Aero Flight 311 crashes into the forest in Kvevlax, Finland, killing 25 people. * 1962 &#x2013; Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro. * 1976 &#x2013; The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, comes into force. * 1977 &#x2013; Apple Computer is incorporated. * 1987 &#x2013; Varig Flight 797 crashes near Akouré in the Ivory Coast, resulting in 50 deaths.<ref name="Avsaf" /> * 1990 &#x2013; United States invasion of Panama: Manuel Noriega, former leader of Panama, surrenders to American forces. * 1992 &#x2013; CommutAir Flight 4821 crashes on approach to Adirondack Regional Airport, in Saranac Lake, New York, killing two people.<ref name="AvSafetyNetwork" /> * 1993 &#x2013; In Moscow, Russia, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). * 1994 &#x2013; Baikal Airlines Flight 130 crashes near Mamoney, Irkutsk, Russia, resulting in 125 deaths. * 1999 &#x2013; The ''Mars Polar Lander'' is launched by NASA.<ref name="NSSDCMissionInfo" /> * 2002 &#x2013; Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Israeli forces seize the Palestinian freighter ''Karine A'' in the Red Sea, finding 50 tons of weapons. * 2004 &#x2013; Flash Airlines Flight 604 crashes into the Red Sea, resulting in 148 deaths, making it one of the deadliest aviation accidents in Egyptian history. * 2009 &#x2013; The first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the ''Genesis block'', is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto. * 2015 &#x2013; Boko Haram militants destroy the entire town of Baga in north-east Nigeria, starting the Baga massacre and killing as many as 2,000 people.<ref name="WSJ_1" /> * 2016 &#x2013; In response to the execution of Nimr al-Nimr, Iran ends its diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia. * 2018 &#x2013; For the first time in history, all five major storm surge gates in the Netherlands are closed simultaneously in the wake of a storm. * 2019 &#x2013; Chang'e 4 makes the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, deploying the Yutu-2 lunar rover. * 2020 &#x2013; Iranian General Qasem Soleimani is killed by an American airstrike near Baghdad International Airport, igniting global concerns of a potential armed conflict. * 2023 &#x2013; Singapore's Jurong Bird Park permanently closes. * 2024 &#x2013; At least 91 people are killed in bombings in Kerman, Iran, during a ceremony commemorating the assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani four years earlier. * 2026 &#x2013; The United States conducts airstrikes across northern Venezuela, including the capital Caracas and captures Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro and first lady Cilia Flores. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 BC &#x2013; Cicero, Roman philosopher, lawyer, and politician (died 43 BC) * 1509 &#x2013; Gian Girolamo Albani, Italian cardinal (died 1591) === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, English political theorist (died 1677) * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet and songwriter (died 1782) * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (died 1796) * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish biologist and explorer (died 1752) * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (died 1792) * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Indian ruler (died 1799) * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont (died 1863) * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish archbishop (died 1861) * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, American activist (died 1880) * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, English lawyer and politician (died 1898) * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, English journalist and playwright (died 1857) * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, German soprano and actress (died 1854) * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer, ethnologist, linguist, and astronomer (died 1897) * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, American businessman and politician (died 1891)<ref name="cyclopedia" /> * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer and academic (died 1900) * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, Indian poet, educator, and activist (died 1897) * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai and rebel leader (died 1867) * 1840 &#x2013; Father Damien, Flemish priest and missionary (died 1889) * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, Italian physician (died 1935) * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, Swedish writer (died 1921) * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, English businessman (died 1914) * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1899) * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1904) * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, English soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Queensland (died 1939) * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (died 1936) * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, Australian-English author (died 1946) * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, Japanese businessman and art collector, founded the Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (died 1957) * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, German carpenter and politician, 1st President of the German Democratic Republic (died 1960) * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, American actress (died 1957) * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, Irish Jesuit priest and photographer (died 1960) * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, English soldier, lawyer, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1967) * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, Canadian discus thrower and hammer thrower (died 1963) * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (died 1948) * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, American businessman (died 1912) * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, American poet and author (died 1950) * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, Australian cricketer (died 1967) * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, German-French painter (died 1914) * 1892 &#x2013; J.R.R. Tolkien, English writer, poet, and philologist (died 1973) * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, American actress (died 1963) * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, Irish republican revolutionary, (died 1985) * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, American actress and comedian (died 1961) * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, American author and illustrator (died 1990) * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, American businessman (died 1985) === 1901–present === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, Vietnamese lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Vietnam (died 1963) * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, Italian engineer (died 1996) * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, American actress (died 1961) * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, Russian farm worker (died 1991) * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (died 1986) * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, Danish-American pianist and conductor (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, American baseball player and manager (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, American director and producer (died 1992) * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, Spanish soldier (died 1936) * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, Canadian journalist and politician (died 2002) * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, American-Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2005) * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, American painter and soldier (died 2010) * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, American actress and television journalist (died 1994) * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, American golfer (died 2004) * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, Dutch author and actor (died 2004)^{&#x5B;''better&#x20;source&#x20;needed''&#x5D;} * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., American journalist and publisher, co-founded Farrar, Straus and Giroux (died 2004) * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (died 1963) * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, German lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Germany (died 1977) * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, Russian historian of mathematics (died 2005) * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, English actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1994) * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, American football coach and sportscaster (died 2005) * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, German businessman and philanthropist, founded Metro AG (died 2013) * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, Italian football player (died 1962) * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, Belgian author and illustrator (died 1997) * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, American soprano and educator (died 2005) * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, English actress (died 2009) * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, American economist and politician, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, English composer, conductor, and producer (died 2016) * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (died 2015) * 1929 &#x2013; Sergio Leone, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1989) * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, German-Brazilian composer and conductor (died 2025) * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, American businessman, co-founder of Intel Corporation (died 2023) * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, American illustrator (died 2025) * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, American actor and director (died 2015) * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, American actor (died 2024)<ref name="AP" /> * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, Finnish pole vaulter and politician (died 2022) * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, English lawyer (died 2025) * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, American-English poet and author (died 2020) * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, German mercenary * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, American-French actress, singer, and dancer (died 2008) * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, Canadian businessman and politician * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, American director, producer, and screenwriter, created ''Battlestar Galactica'' (died 2014) * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, English academic and politician * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (died 2006) * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (died 2013) * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2023) * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, Polish footballer and coach (died 2007) * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, Italian actor and director (died 2008) * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, New Zealand rugby player * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, Australian lawyer and activist (died 2006) * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, English actor and producer, played Inspector Morse (died 2002) * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, musician, composer, author, and actor * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, Australian author * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (died 2016) * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, English bass player, songwriter, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (died 2002) * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, English rugby player * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, American singer-songwriter (died 2013) * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, Australian footballer * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, American teenager and murder victim (died 1965) * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, American actress and businesswoman * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, American journalist and academic * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serbian plane crash survivor and Guinness World Record holder (died 2016) * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (died 2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer<ref name="aus" /> * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer<ref name="bio" /> * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (died 2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (died 2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician<ref name="AP" /> * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality<ref name="AP" /> * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer<ref name="AP" /> * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress<ref name="UPI" /> * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress<ref name="AP" /> * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter<ref name="AP" /> * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (died 2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (died 2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress<ref name="EmpireProf" /> * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Deaths == === Pre-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–present === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942)<ref name="Ivon" /> * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Holidays and observances == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == References == [[Kategorija:Jannar]] 0fdkfdys0kkhpudij0b58gkn0gynnjp 332128 332127 2026-09-19T04:34:47Z Trigcly 17859 added [[Category:Ġranet tas-sena]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]] 332128 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali patrijotta. * 1815 &#x2013; Austria, the United Kingdom, and France form a secret defensive alliance against Prussia and Russia. * 1833 &#x2013; Captain James Onslow, in the ''Clio'', reasserts British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands. * 1848 &#x2013; Joseph Jenkins Roberts is sworn in as the first president of Liberia. * 1861 &#x2013; American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States. * 1868 &#x2013; Meiji Restoration in Japan: The Tokugawa shogunate is abolished; agents of Satsuma and Chōshū seize power. * 1870 &#x2013; Construction work begins on the Brooklyn Bridge in New York, United States. * 1871 &#x2013; In the Battle of Bapaume, an engagement in the Franco-Prussian War, General Louis Faidherbe's forces bring about a Prussian retreat. * 1885 &#x2013; Sino-French War: Beginning of the Battle of Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; A magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroys the city of Almaty in Russian Turkestan. * 1911 &#x2013; A gun battle in the East End of London leaves two dead. It sparked a political row over the involvement of then-Home Secretary Winston Churchill. * 1913 &#x2013; An Atlantic coast storm sets the lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) for a non-tropical system in the continental United States.<ref name="nyt" /> * 1913 &#x2013; First Balkan War: Greece completes its capture of the eastern Aegean island of Chios, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender. * 1920 &#x2013; Over 640 are killed after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes the Mexican states Puebla and Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; Minnie D. Craig becomes the first woman elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives, the first woman to hold a Speaker position anywhere in the United States. * 1944 &#x2013; World War II: US flying ace Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington is shot down in his Vought F4U Corsair by Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Mitsubishi A6M Zero. * 1946 &#x2013; Popular Canadian American jockey George Woolf suffers a concussion during a freak racing accident; he dies from the injury the following day. The annual George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award is created to honor him. * 1947 &#x2013; Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time. * 1949 &#x2013; The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the central bank of the Philippines, is established. * 1953 &#x2013; Frances P. Bolton and her son, Oliver from Ohio, become the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in the U.S. Congress.<ref name="Congress1965" /> * 1956 &#x2013; A fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower. * 1957 &#x2013; The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * 1958 &#x2013; The West Indies Federation is formed. * 1959 &#x2013; Alaska is admitted as the 49th U.S. state. * 1961 &#x2013; Cold War: After a series of economic retaliations against one another, the United States severs diplomatic relations with Cuba. * 1961 &#x2013; The SL-1 nuclear reactor, near Idaho Falls, Idaho, is destroyed by a steam explosion in the only reactor incident in the United States to cause immediate fatalities. * 1961 &#x2013; A protest by agricultural workers in Baixa de Cassanje, Portuguese Angola, turns into a revolt, opening the Angolan War of Independence, the first of the Portuguese Colonial Wars. * 1961 &#x2013; Aero Flight 311 crashes into the forest in Kvevlax, Finland, killing 25 people. * 1962 &#x2013; Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro. * 1976 &#x2013; The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, comes into force. * 1977 &#x2013; Apple Computer is incorporated. * 1987 &#x2013; Varig Flight 797 crashes near Akouré in the Ivory Coast, resulting in 50 deaths.<ref name="Avsaf" /> * 1990 &#x2013; United States invasion of Panama: Manuel Noriega, former leader of Panama, surrenders to American forces. * 1992 &#x2013; CommutAir Flight 4821 crashes on approach to Adirondack Regional Airport, in Saranac Lake, New York, killing two people.<ref name="AvSafetyNetwork" /> * 1993 &#x2013; In Moscow, Russia, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). * 1994 &#x2013; Baikal Airlines Flight 130 crashes near Mamoney, Irkutsk, Russia, resulting in 125 deaths. * 1999 &#x2013; The ''Mars Polar Lander'' is launched by NASA.<ref name="NSSDCMissionInfo" /> * 2002 &#x2013; Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Israeli forces seize the Palestinian freighter ''Karine A'' in the Red Sea, finding 50 tons of weapons. * 2004 &#x2013; Flash Airlines Flight 604 crashes into the Red Sea, resulting in 148 deaths, making it one of the deadliest aviation accidents in Egyptian history. * 2009 &#x2013; The first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the ''Genesis block'', is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto. * 2015 &#x2013; Boko Haram militants destroy the entire town of Baga in north-east Nigeria, starting the Baga massacre and killing as many as 2,000 people.<ref name="WSJ_1" /> * 2016 &#x2013; In response to the execution of Nimr al-Nimr, Iran ends its diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia. * 2018 &#x2013; For the first time in history, all five major storm surge gates in the Netherlands are closed simultaneously in the wake of a storm. * 2019 &#x2013; Chang'e 4 makes the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, deploying the Yutu-2 lunar rover. * 2020 &#x2013; Iranian General Qasem Soleimani is killed by an American airstrike near Baghdad International Airport, igniting global concerns of a potential armed conflict. * 2023 &#x2013; Singapore's Jurong Bird Park permanently closes. * 2024 &#x2013; At least 91 people are killed in bombings in Kerman, Iran, during a ceremony commemorating the assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani four years earlier. * 2026 &#x2013; The United States conducts airstrikes across northern Venezuela, including the capital Caracas and captures Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro and first lady Cilia Flores. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 BC &#x2013; Cicero, Roman philosopher, lawyer, and politician (died 43 BC) * 1509 &#x2013; Gian Girolamo Albani, Italian cardinal (died 1591) === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, English political theorist (died 1677) * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet and songwriter (died 1782) * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (died 1796) * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish biologist and explorer (died 1752) * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (died 1792) * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Indian ruler (died 1799) * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont (died 1863) * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish archbishop (died 1861) * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, American activist (died 1880) * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, English lawyer and politician (died 1898) * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, English journalist and playwright (died 1857) * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, German soprano and actress (died 1854) * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer, ethnologist, linguist, and astronomer (died 1897) * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, American businessman and politician (died 1891)<ref name="cyclopedia" /> * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer and academic (died 1900) * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, Indian poet, educator, and activist (died 1897) * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai and rebel leader (died 1867) * 1840 &#x2013; Father Damien, Flemish priest and missionary (died 1889) * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, Italian physician (died 1935) * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, Swedish writer (died 1921) * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, English businessman (died 1914) * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1899) * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1904) * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, English soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Queensland (died 1939) * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (died 1936) * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, Australian-English author (died 1946) * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, Japanese businessman and art collector, founded the Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (died 1957) * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, German carpenter and politician, 1st President of the German Democratic Republic (died 1960) * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, American actress (died 1957) * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, Irish Jesuit priest and photographer (died 1960) * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, English soldier, lawyer, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1967) * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, Canadian discus thrower and hammer thrower (died 1963) * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (died 1948) * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, American businessman (died 1912) * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, American poet and author (died 1950) * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, Australian cricketer (died 1967) * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, German-French painter (died 1914) * 1892 &#x2013; J.R.R. Tolkien, English writer, poet, and philologist (died 1973) * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, American actress (died 1963) * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, Irish republican revolutionary, (died 1985) * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, American actress and comedian (died 1961) * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, American author and illustrator (died 1990) * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, American businessman (died 1985) === 1901–present === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, Vietnamese lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Vietnam (died 1963) * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, Italian engineer (died 1996) * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, American actress (died 1961) * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, Russian farm worker (died 1991) * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (died 1986) * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, Danish-American pianist and conductor (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, American baseball player and manager (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, American director and producer (died 1992) * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, Spanish soldier (died 1936) * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, Canadian journalist and politician (died 2002) * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, American-Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2005) * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, American painter and soldier (died 2010) * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, American actress and television journalist (died 1994) * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, American golfer (died 2004) * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, Dutch author and actor (died 2004)^{&#x5B;''better&#x20;source&#x20;needed''&#x5D;} * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., American journalist and publisher, co-founded Farrar, Straus and Giroux (died 2004) * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (died 1963) * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, German lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Germany (died 1977) * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, Russian historian of mathematics (died 2005) * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, English actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1994) * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, American football coach and sportscaster (died 2005) * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, German businessman and philanthropist, founded Metro AG (died 2013) * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, Italian football player (died 1962) * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, Belgian author and illustrator (died 1997) * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, American soprano and educator (died 2005) * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, English actress (died 2009) * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, American economist and politician, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, English composer, conductor, and producer (died 2016) * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (died 2015) * 1929 &#x2013; Sergio Leone, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1989) * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, German-Brazilian composer and conductor (died 2025) * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, American businessman, co-founder of Intel Corporation (died 2023) * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, American illustrator (died 2025) * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, American actor and director (died 2015) * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, American actor (died 2024)<ref name="AP" /> * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, Finnish pole vaulter and politician (died 2022) * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, English lawyer (died 2025) * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, American-English poet and author (died 2020) * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, German mercenary * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, American-French actress, singer, and dancer (died 2008) * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, Canadian businessman and politician * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, American director, producer, and screenwriter, created ''Battlestar Galactica'' (died 2014) * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, English academic and politician * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (died 2006) * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (died 2013) * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2023) * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, Polish footballer and coach (died 2007) * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, Italian actor and director (died 2008) * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, New Zealand rugby player * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, Australian lawyer and activist (died 2006) * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, English actor and producer, played Inspector Morse (died 2002) * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, musician, composer, author, and actor * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, Australian author * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (died 2016) * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, English bass player, songwriter, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (died 2002) * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, English rugby player * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, American singer-songwriter (died 2013) * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, Australian footballer * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, American teenager and murder victim (died 1965) * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, American actress and businesswoman * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, American journalist and academic * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serbian plane crash survivor and Guinness World Record holder (died 2016) * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (died 2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer<ref name="aus" /> * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer<ref name="bio" /> * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (died 2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (died 2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician<ref name="AP" /> * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality<ref name="AP" /> * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer<ref name="AP" /> * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress<ref name="UPI" /> * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress<ref name="AP" /> * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter<ref name="AP" /> * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (died 2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (died 2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress<ref name="EmpireProf" /> * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Deaths == === Pre-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–present === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942)<ref name="Ivon" /> * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Holidays and observances == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == References == [[Kategorija:Jannar]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] rzebt7pio4co3m2716kdm4bghr5rohz 332131 332128 2026-09-19T05:07:45Z Trigcly 17859 /* 1601–1900 */ żieda kontenut 332131 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali tal-patrijottiżmu. * 1815 &#x2013; L-[[Awstrija]], ir-[[Renju Unit]] u [[Franza]] fformaw alleanza difensiva sigrieta kontra l-[[Prussja]] u r-[[Russja]]. * 1833 &#x2013; Il-Kaptan [[James Onslow]], f'''Clio'', asserixxa mill-ġdid is-sovranità Brittanika fuq il-[[Gżejjer Falkland]]. * 1848 &#x2013; [[Joseph Jenkins Roberts]] ħa l-ġurament bħala l-ewwel President tal-[[Liberja]]. * 1861 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Ċivili Amerikana]]: Delaware vvotat kontra s-seċessjoni mill-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]]. * 1868 &#x2013; Ir-Rivoluzzjoni tal-Meiji fil-[[Ġappun]]: ix-xogunat ta' Tokugawa ġie abolit; l-aġenti ta' Satsuma u ta' Chōshū ħatfu l-poter. * 1870 &#x2013; Beda x-xogħol tal-kostruzzjoni fuq il-[[Pont ta' Brooklyn]] fil-[[Belt ta' New York]], l-Istati Uniti. * 1871 &#x2013; Fil-Battalja ta' Bapaume, parti mill-Gwerra bejn Franza u l-Prussja, il-qawwiet tal-Ġeneral [[Louis Faidherbe]] jwasslu biex il-Prussjani jirtiraw. * 1885 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra bejn iċ-[[Ċina]] u Franza: bdiet il-Battalja ta' Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; A magnitude 7.7 earthquake destroys the city of Almaty in Russian Turkestan. * 1911 &#x2013; A gun battle in the East End of London leaves two dead. It sparked a political row over the involvement of then-Home Secretary Winston Churchill. * 1913 &#x2013; An Atlantic coast storm sets the lowest confirmed barometric pressure reading (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) for a non-tropical system in the continental United States.<ref name="nyt" /> * 1913 &#x2013; First Balkan War: Greece completes its capture of the eastern Aegean island of Chios, as the last Ottoman forces on the island surrender. * 1920 &#x2013; Over 640 are killed after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake strikes the Mexican states Puebla and Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; Minnie D. Craig becomes the first woman elected as Speaker of the North Dakota House of Representatives, the first woman to hold a Speaker position anywhere in the United States. * 1944 &#x2013; World War II: US flying ace Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington is shot down in his Vought F4U Corsair by Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Mitsubishi A6M Zero. * 1946 &#x2013; Popular Canadian American jockey George Woolf suffers a concussion during a freak racing accident; he dies from the injury the following day. The annual George Woolf Memorial Jockey Award is created to honor him. * 1947 &#x2013; Proceedings of the U.S. Congress are televised for the first time. * 1949 &#x2013; The Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, the central bank of the Philippines, is established. * 1953 &#x2013; Frances P. Bolton and her son, Oliver from Ohio, become the first mother and son to serve simultaneously in the U.S. Congress.<ref name="Congress1965" /> * 1956 &#x2013; A fire damages the top part of the Eiffel Tower. * 1957 &#x2013; The Hamilton Watch Company introduces the first electric watch. * 1958 &#x2013; The West Indies Federation is formed. * 1959 &#x2013; Alaska is admitted as the 49th U.S. state. * 1961 &#x2013; Cold War: After a series of economic retaliations against one another, the United States severs diplomatic relations with Cuba. * 1961 &#x2013; The SL-1 nuclear reactor, near Idaho Falls, Idaho, is destroyed by a steam explosion in the only reactor incident in the United States to cause immediate fatalities. * 1961 &#x2013; A protest by agricultural workers in Baixa de Cassanje, Portuguese Angola, turns into a revolt, opening the Angolan War of Independence, the first of the Portuguese Colonial Wars. * 1961 &#x2013; Aero Flight 311 crashes into the forest in Kvevlax, Finland, killing 25 people. * 1962 &#x2013; Pope John XXIII excommunicates Fidel Castro. * 1976 &#x2013; The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, comes into force. * 1977 &#x2013; Apple Computer is incorporated. * 1987 &#x2013; Varig Flight 797 crashes near Akouré in the Ivory Coast, resulting in 50 deaths.<ref name="Avsaf" /> * 1990 &#x2013; United States invasion of Panama: Manuel Noriega, former leader of Panama, surrenders to American forces. * 1992 &#x2013; CommutAir Flight 4821 crashes on approach to Adirondack Regional Airport, in Saranac Lake, New York, killing two people.<ref name="AvSafetyNetwork" /> * 1993 &#x2013; In Moscow, Russia, George H. W. Bush and Boris Yeltsin sign the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START). * 1994 &#x2013; Baikal Airlines Flight 130 crashes near Mamoney, Irkutsk, Russia, resulting in 125 deaths. * 1999 &#x2013; The ''Mars Polar Lander'' is launched by NASA.<ref name="NSSDCMissionInfo" /> * 2002 &#x2013; Israeli–Palestinian conflict: Israeli forces seize the Palestinian freighter ''Karine A'' in the Red Sea, finding 50 tons of weapons. * 2004 &#x2013; Flash Airlines Flight 604 crashes into the Red Sea, resulting in 148 deaths, making it one of the deadliest aviation accidents in Egyptian history. * 2009 &#x2013; The first block of the blockchain of the decentralized payment system Bitcoin, called the ''Genesis block'', is established by the creator of the system, Satoshi Nakamoto. * 2015 &#x2013; Boko Haram militants destroy the entire town of Baga in north-east Nigeria, starting the Baga massacre and killing as many as 2,000 people.<ref name="WSJ_1" /> * 2016 &#x2013; In response to the execution of Nimr al-Nimr, Iran ends its diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia. * 2018 &#x2013; For the first time in history, all five major storm surge gates in the Netherlands are closed simultaneously in the wake of a storm. * 2019 &#x2013; Chang'e 4 makes the first soft landing on the far side of the Moon, deploying the Yutu-2 lunar rover. * 2020 &#x2013; Iranian General Qasem Soleimani is killed by an American airstrike near Baghdad International Airport, igniting global concerns of a potential armed conflict. * 2023 &#x2013; Singapore's Jurong Bird Park permanently closes. * 2024 &#x2013; At least 91 people are killed in bombings in Kerman, Iran, during a ceremony commemorating the assassination of Iranian General Qasem Soleimani four years earlier. * 2026 &#x2013; The United States conducts airstrikes across northern Venezuela, including the capital Caracas and captures Venezuelan president Nicolás Maduro and first lady Cilia Flores. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 BC &#x2013; Cicero, Roman philosopher, lawyer, and politician (died 43 BC) * 1509 &#x2013; Gian Girolamo Albani, Italian cardinal (died 1591) === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, English political theorist (died 1677) * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet and songwriter (died 1782) * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (died 1796) * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish biologist and explorer (died 1752) * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (died 1792) * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Indian ruler (died 1799) * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont (died 1863) * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish archbishop (died 1861) * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, American activist (died 1880) * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, English lawyer and politician (died 1898) * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, English journalist and playwright (died 1857) * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, German soprano and actress (died 1854) * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer, ethnologist, linguist, and astronomer (died 1897) * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, American businessman and politician (died 1891)<ref name="cyclopedia" /> * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer and academic (died 1900) * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, Indian poet, educator, and activist (died 1897) * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai and rebel leader (died 1867) * 1840 &#x2013; Father Damien, Flemish priest and missionary (died 1889) * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, Italian physician (died 1935) * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, Swedish writer (died 1921) * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, English businessman (died 1914) * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1899) * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1904) * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, English soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Queensland (died 1939) * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (died 1936) * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, Australian-English author (died 1946) * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, Japanese businessman and art collector, founded the Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (died 1957) * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, German carpenter and politician, 1st President of the German Democratic Republic (died 1960) * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, American actress (died 1957) * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, Irish Jesuit priest and photographer (died 1960) * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, English soldier, lawyer, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1967) * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, Canadian discus thrower and hammer thrower (died 1963) * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (died 1948) * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, American businessman (died 1912) * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, American poet and author (died 1950) * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, Australian cricketer (died 1967) * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, German-French painter (died 1914) * 1892 &#x2013; J.R.R. Tolkien, English writer, poet, and philologist (died 1973) * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, American actress (died 1963) * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, Irish republican revolutionary, (died 1985) * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, American actress and comedian (died 1961) * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, American author and illustrator (died 1990) * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, American businessman (died 1985) === 1901–present === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, Vietnamese lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Vietnam (died 1963) * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, Italian engineer (died 1996) * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, American actress (died 1961) * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, Russian farm worker (died 1991) * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (died 1986) * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, Danish-American pianist and conductor (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, American baseball player and manager (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, American director and producer (died 1992) * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, Spanish soldier (died 1936) * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, Canadian journalist and politician (died 2002) * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, American-Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2005) * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, American painter and soldier (died 2010) * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, American actress and television journalist (died 1994) * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, American golfer (died 2004) * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, Dutch author and actor (died 2004)^{&#x5B;''better&#x20;source&#x20;needed''&#x5D;} * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., American journalist and publisher, co-founded Farrar, Straus and Giroux (died 2004) * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (died 1963) * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, German lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Germany (died 1977) * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, Russian historian of mathematics (died 2005) * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, English actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1994) * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, American football coach and sportscaster (died 2005) * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, German businessman and philanthropist, founded Metro AG (died 2013) * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, Italian football player (died 1962) * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, Belgian author and illustrator (died 1997) * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, American soprano and educator (died 2005) * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, English actress (died 2009) * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, American economist and politician, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, English composer, conductor, and producer (died 2016) * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (died 2015) * 1929 &#x2013; Sergio Leone, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1989) * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, German-Brazilian composer and conductor (died 2025) * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, American businessman, co-founder of Intel Corporation (died 2023) * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, American illustrator (died 2025) * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, American actor and director (died 2015) * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, American actor (died 2024)<ref name="AP" /> * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, Finnish pole vaulter and politician (died 2022) * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, English lawyer (died 2025) * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, American-English poet and author (died 2020) * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, German mercenary * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, American-French actress, singer, and dancer (died 2008) * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, Canadian businessman and politician * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, American director, producer, and screenwriter, created ''Battlestar Galactica'' (died 2014) * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, English academic and politician * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (died 2006) * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (died 2013) * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2023) * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, Polish footballer and coach (died 2007) * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, Italian actor and director (died 2008) * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, New Zealand rugby player * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, Australian lawyer and activist (died 2006) * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, English actor and producer, played Inspector Morse (died 2002) * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, musician, composer, author, and actor * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, Australian author * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (died 2016) * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, English bass player, songwriter, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (died 2002) * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, English rugby player * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, American singer-songwriter (died 2013) * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, Australian footballer * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, American teenager and murder victim (died 1965) * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, American actress and businesswoman * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, American journalist and academic * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serbian plane crash survivor and Guinness World Record holder (died 2016) * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (died 2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer<ref name="aus" /> * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer<ref name="bio" /> * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (died 2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (died 2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician<ref name="AP" /> * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality<ref name="AP" /> * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer<ref name="AP" /> * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress<ref name="UPI" /> * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress<ref name="AP" /> * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter<ref name="AP" /> * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (died 2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (died 2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress<ref name="EmpireProf" /> * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Deaths == === Pre-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–present === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942)<ref name="Ivon" /> * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Holidays and observances == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == References == [[Kategorija:Jannar]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] eem6lyfoxi36963zjdroos5xcij2eh0 332132 332131 2026-09-19T07:18:47Z Trigcly 17859 /* 1901–preżent */ 332132 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali tal-patrijottiżmu. * 1815 &#x2013; L-[[Awstrija]], ir-[[Renju Unit]] u [[Franza]] fformaw alleanza difensiva sigrieta kontra l-[[Prussja]] u r-[[Russja]]. * 1833 &#x2013; Il-Kaptan [[James Onslow]], f'''Clio'', asserixxa mill-ġdid is-sovranità Brittanika fuq il-[[Gżejjer Falkland]]. * 1848 &#x2013; [[Joseph Jenkins Roberts]] ħa l-ġurament bħala l-ewwel President tal-[[Liberja]]. * 1861 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Ċivili Amerikana]]: Delaware vvotat kontra s-seċessjoni mill-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]]. * 1868 &#x2013; Ir-Rivoluzzjoni tal-Meiji fil-[[Ġappun]]: ix-xogunat ta' Tokugawa ġie abolit; l-aġenti ta' Satsuma u ta' Chōshū ħatfu l-poter. * 1870 &#x2013; Beda x-xogħol tal-kostruzzjoni fuq il-[[Pont ta' Brooklyn]] fil-[[Belt ta' New York]], l-Istati Uniti. * 1871 &#x2013; Fil-Battalja ta' Bapaume, parti mill-Gwerra bejn Franza u l-Prussja, il-qawwiet tal-Ġeneral [[Louis Faidherbe]] jwasslu biex il-Prussjani jirtiraw. * 1885 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra bejn iċ-[[Ċina]] u Franza: bdiet il-Battalja ta' Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; Terremot ta' 7.7 fuq l-iskala Richter qered il-belt ta' [[Almaty]] fit-Turkestan Russu. * 1911 &#x2013; Żewġ persuni mietu wara ġlieda b'tiri ta' arma tan-nar fil-Lvant ta' [[Londra]]. Dan ħoloq għagħa [[Politika|politiku]] minħabba l-involviment tal-Ministru għall-Affarijiet Interni ta' dak iż-żmien [[Winston Churchill]]. * 1913 &#x2013; Maltempata li ħakmet il-kosta tal-[[Oċean Atlantiku|Atlantiku]] rreġistrat l-iżjed qari baxx ikkonfermat ta' pressjoni barometrika (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) għal sistema mhux tropikali fl-Istati Uniti kontinentali. * 1913 &#x2013; L-Ewwel Gwerra tal-Balkani: il-[[Greċja]] temmet il-ħakma tal-gżira ta' [[Chios]] fil-[[Baħar Eġew]], wara li l-aħħar qawwiet [[Imperu Ottoman|Ottomani]] fil-gżira arrendew. * 1920 &#x2013; Iktar minn 640 ruħ inqatlu wara li terremot ta' 6.4 fuq l-iskala Richter heżżeż l-istati [[Messiku|Messikani]] ta' [[Puebla (belt)|Puebla]] u Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; [[Minnie D. Craig]] saret l-ewwel [[mara]] eletta bħala l-iSpeaker tal-Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti ta' North Dakota, l-ewwel mara b'dik il-kariga fl-Istati Uniti inġenerali. * 1944 &#x2013; It-[[It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija|Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]]: il-bdot Amerikan, il-Maġġur [[Greg "Pappy" Boyington]] inqatel fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Vought F4U Corsair mill-Kaptan [[Masajiro Kawato]] fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Mitsubishi A6M ero. * 1946 &#x2013; Ir-rikkieb [[Kanada|Kanadiż]]-Amerikan popolari taż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] [[George Woolf]] indarab u ġarrab konkussjoni waqt aċċident ikrah matul tiġrija; huwa miet l-għada. F'ġieħu nħoloq il-Premju annwali bħala Mafkar ta' George Woolf. * 1947 &#x2013; Il-proċeduri tal-Kungress Amerikan ixxandru fuq it-televiżjoni għall-ewwel darba. * 1949 &#x2013; Ġie stabbilit il-Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, il-bank ċentrali tal-[[Filippini]]. * 1953 &#x2013; [[Frances P. Bolton]] u binha, Oliver minn Ohio, saru l-ewwel omm u iben b'kariga simultanja fil-Kungress Amerikan. * 1956 &#x2013; Il-parti ta' fuq tat-[[Torri Eiffel]] inħakmet min-nirien. * 1957 &#x2013; Il-Hamilton Watch Company introduċiet l-ewwel arloġġ elettriku tal-idejn. * 1958 &#x2013; Ġiet iffurmata l-Federazzjoni tal-Indji tal-Punent. * 1959 &#x2013; L-[[Alaska]] ġiet ammessa bħala d-49 Stat tal-Istati Uniti. * 1961 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Bierda]]: wara sensiela ta' ritaljazzjonijiet ekonomiċi kontra xulxin, l-Istati Uniti qatgħet ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi ma' [[Kuba]]. * 1961 &#x2013; Ir-reattur nukleari SL-1, qrib il-Kaskati ta' Idaho, Idaho, inqered minn splużjoni tal-istim fl-uniku inċident ta' reattur fl-Istati Uniti li kkawża mwiet minnufih. * 1961 &#x2013; Protesta mill-ħaddiema agrikoli f'Baixa de Cassanje, l-[[Angola]] [[Portugall|Portugiża]], sarrfet f'rewwixta, li tat bidu għall-Gwerra tal-Indipendenza tal-Angola, l-ewwel waħda mill-Gwerer Kolonjali Portugiżi. * 1961 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 311 tal-Aero kkraxxja fil-foresta f'Kvevlax, il-[[Finlandja]], u mietu 25 ruħ. * 1962 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ġwanni XXIII]] skomunika lil [[Fidel Castro]]. * 1976 &#x2013; Daħal fis-seħħ il-Patt Internazzjonali dwar id-Drittijiet Ekonomiċi, Soċjali u [[Kultura|Kulturali]], adottat mill-Assemblea Ġenerali tan-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]]. * 1977 &#x2013; Ġiet inkorporata l-impriża Apple Computer. * 1987 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 797 tal-Varig ikkraxxja qrib Akouré fil-[[Kosta tal-Avorju]] u kkawża 50 mewta. * 1990 &#x2013; L-invażjoni tal-[[Panama]] mill-Istati Uniti: [[Manuel Noriega]], l-eks mexxej tal-Panama, arrenda quddiem il-qawwiet Amerikani. * 1992 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 4821 tal-CommutAir ikkraxxja malli qorob lejn l-Ajruport Reġjonali ta' Adirondack, fil-Lag ta' Saranac, il-Belt ta' New York, u mietu żewġ persuni. * 1993 &#x2013; F'[[Moska]], ir-Russja, [[George H. W. Bush]] u [[Boris Yeltsin]] iffirmaw it-tieni Trattat Strateġiku dwar it-Tnaqqis tal-Armi (START). * 1994 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 130 tal-Baikal Airlines ikkraxxja qrib Mamoney, Irkutsk, ir-Russja, u mietu 125 ruħ. * 1999 &#x2013; In-[[NASA]] llanċjat il-''Mars Polar Lander''. * 2002 &#x2013; Il-kunflitt bejn [[Iżrael]] u l-[[Palestina]]: il-qawwiet ta' Iżrael ħatfu l-bastiment tal-merkanzija Palestinjan ''Karine A'' fil-[[Baħar l-Aħmar]], u sabu 50 tunnellata ta' armi. * 2004 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 604 tal-Flash Airlines ikkraxxja fil-Baħar l-Aħmar, u mietu 148 ruħ; dan kien wieħed mill-iżjed aċċidenti tal-avjazzjoni fl-[[Storja|istorja]] [[Eġittu|Eġizzjana]] li wassal għal imwiet. * 2009 &#x2013; Ġiet stabbilita l-ewwel blokka tal-blockchain tas-sistema deċentralizzata tal-pagamenti [[Bitcoin]], imsejħa l-blokka ta' Genesis, mill-ħallieq tas-sistema, [[Satoshi Nakamoto]]. * 2015 &#x2013; Il-militanti ta' [[Boko Haram]] qerdu r-raħal kollu ta' Baga fil-Grigal tan-[[Niġerja]], u bdew il-massakru ta' Baga u qatlu sa 2,000 ruħ. * 2016 &#x2013; B'rispons għall-ġustizzjar ta' Nimr al-Nimr, l-[[Iran]] temm ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi mal-[[Arabja Sawdija]]. * 2018 &#x2013; Għall-ewwel darba fl-istorja, id-digi kollha ewlenin fin-[[Pajjiżi l-Baxxi|Netherlands]] ingħalqu f'daqqa minħabba maltempata bix-xita. * 2019 &#x2013; Iċ-Chang'e 4 għamlet l-ewwel inżul ikkontrollat fin-naħa mbiegħda tal-[[Qamar]], u ġiet skjerata l-vettura lunari Yutu-2. * 2020 &#x2013; Il-Ġeneral Iranjan [[Qasem Soleimani]] nqatel minn attakk bl-ajru Amerikan qrib l-Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' [[Bagdad]], u dan wassal għal tħassib globali minħabba l-kunflitt armat potenzjali. * 2023 &#x2013; Il-Park tal-[[Għasfur|Għasafar]] ta' Jurong f'[[Singapore]] għalaq b'mod permanenti. * 2024 &#x2013; Mill-inqas 91 ruħ inqatlu f'bumbardamenti f'[[Kerman]], l-[[Iran]], waqt ċerimonja ta' kommemorazzjoni tal-assassinju tal-Ġeneral Iranjan Qasem Soleimani 4 snin qabel. * 2026 &#x2013; L-Istati Uniti wettqu attakki mill-ajru fit-Tramuntana tal-[[Veneżwela|Venezwela]], inkluż il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Caracas]], u ħatfu l-President tal-Venezuela [[Nicolás Maduro]] u l-mara tiegħu [[Cilia Flores]]. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]]. &#x2013; [[Ċiċerun]], filosfu, [[avukat]] u politiku [[Imperu Ruman|Ruman]] (miet fit-43 Q.K.). * 1509 &#x2013; [[Gian Girolamo Albani]], kardinal [[Italja|Taljan]] (miet fl-1591). === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, English political theorist (died 1677) * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, Italian poet and songwriter (died 1782) * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, American soldier and engineer (died 1796) * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, Swedish biologist and explorer (died 1752) * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (died 1792) * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Indian ruler (died 1799) * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont (died 1863) * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish archbishop (died 1861) * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, American activist (died 1880) * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, English lawyer and politician (died 1898) * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, English journalist and playwright (died 1857) * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, German soprano and actress (died 1854) * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, French geographer, ethnologist, linguist, and astronomer (died 1897) * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, American businessman and politician (died 1891)<ref name="cyclopedia" /> * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer and academic (died 1900) * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, Indian poet, educator, and activist (died 1897) * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai and rebel leader (died 1867) * 1840 &#x2013; Father Damien, Flemish priest and missionary (died 1889) * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, Italian physician (died 1935) * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, Swedish writer (died 1921) * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, English businessman (died 1914) * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1899) * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, English tennis player (died 1904) * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, English soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Queensland (died 1939) * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (died 1936) * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, Australian-English author (died 1946) * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, Japanese businessman and art collector, founded the Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (died 1957) * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, German carpenter and politician, 1st President of the German Democratic Republic (died 1960) * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, American actress (died 1957) * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, Irish Jesuit priest and photographer (died 1960) * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, English soldier, lawyer, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1967) * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, Canadian discus thrower and hammer thrower (died 1963) * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (died 1948) * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, American businessman (died 1912) * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, American poet and author (died 1950) * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, Australian cricketer (died 1967) * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, German-French painter (died 1914) * 1892 &#x2013; J.R.R. Tolkien, English writer, poet, and philologist (died 1973) * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, American actress (died 1963) * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, Irish republican revolutionary, (died 1985) * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, American actress and comedian (died 1961) * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, American author and illustrator (died 1990) * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, American businessman (died 1985) === 1901–present === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, Vietnamese lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Vietnam (died 1963) * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, Italian engineer (died 1996) * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, American actress (died 1961) * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, Russian farm worker (died 1991) * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (died 1986) * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, Danish-American pianist and conductor (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, American baseball player and manager (died 2000) * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, American director and producer (died 1992) * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, Spanish soldier (died 1936) * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, Canadian journalist and politician (died 2002) * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, American-Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2005) * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, American painter and soldier (died 2010) * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, American actress and television journalist (died 1994) * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, American golfer (died 2004) * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, Dutch author and actor (died 2004)^{&#x5B;''better&#x20;source&#x20;needed''&#x5D;} * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., American journalist and publisher, co-founded Farrar, Straus and Giroux (died 2004) * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (died 1963) * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, German lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Germany (died 1977) * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, Russian historian of mathematics (died 2005) * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, English actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1994) * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, American football coach and sportscaster (died 2005) * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, German businessman and philanthropist, founded Metro AG (died 2013) * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, Italian football player (died 1962) * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, Belgian author and illustrator (died 1997) * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, American soprano and educator (died 2005) * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, English actress (died 2009) * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, American economist and politician, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, English composer, conductor, and producer (died 2016) * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (died 2015) * 1929 &#x2013; Sergio Leone, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1989) * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, German-Brazilian composer and conductor (died 2025) * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, American businessman, co-founder of Intel Corporation (died 2023) * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, American illustrator (died 2025) * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, American actor and director (died 2015) * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, American actor (died 2024)<ref name="AP" /> * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, Finnish pole vaulter and politician (died 2022) * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, English lawyer (died 2025) * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, American-English poet and author (died 2020) * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, German mercenary * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, American-French actress, singer, and dancer (died 2008) * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, Canadian businessman and politician * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, American director, producer, and screenwriter, created ''Battlestar Galactica'' (died 2014) * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, English academic and politician * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (died 2006) * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (died 2013) * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2023) * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, Polish footballer and coach (died 2007) * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, Italian actor and director (died 2008) * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, New Zealand rugby player * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, Australian lawyer and activist (died 2006) * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, English actor and producer, played Inspector Morse (died 2002) * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, musician, composer, author, and actor * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, Australian author * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (died 2016) * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, English bass player, songwriter, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (died 2002) * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, English rugby player * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, American singer-songwriter (died 2013) * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, Australian footballer * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, American teenager and murder victim (died 1965) * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, American actress and businesswoman * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, American journalist and academic * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serbian plane crash survivor and Guinness World Record holder (died 2016) * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (died 2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer<ref name="aus" /> * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer<ref name="bio" /> * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (died 2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (died 2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician<ref name="AP" /> * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality<ref name="AP" /> * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer<ref name="AP" /> * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress<ref name="UPI" /> * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress<ref name="AP" /> * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter<ref name="AP" /> * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (died 2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (died 2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress<ref name="EmpireProf" /> * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Deaths == === Pre-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–present === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942)<ref name="Ivon" /> * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Holidays and observances == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == References == [[Kategorija:Jannar]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] cqrk0iq5ex29iurxacti45kw1xyguvu 332133 332132 2026-09-19T07:31:50Z Trigcly 17859 /* Twelid */ 332133 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali tal-patrijottiżmu. * 1815 &#x2013; L-[[Awstrija]], ir-[[Renju Unit]] u [[Franza]] fformaw alleanza difensiva sigrieta kontra l-[[Prussja]] u r-[[Russja]]. * 1833 &#x2013; Il-Kaptan [[James Onslow]], f'''Clio'', asserixxa mill-ġdid is-sovranità Brittanika fuq il-[[Gżejjer Falkland]]. * 1848 &#x2013; [[Joseph Jenkins Roberts]] ħa l-ġurament bħala l-ewwel President tal-[[Liberja]]. * 1861 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Ċivili Amerikana]]: Delaware vvotat kontra s-seċessjoni mill-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]]. * 1868 &#x2013; Ir-Rivoluzzjoni tal-Meiji fil-[[Ġappun]]: ix-xogunat ta' Tokugawa ġie abolit; l-aġenti ta' Satsuma u ta' Chōshū ħatfu l-poter. * 1870 &#x2013; Beda x-xogħol tal-kostruzzjoni fuq il-[[Pont ta' Brooklyn]] fil-[[Belt ta' New York]], l-Istati Uniti. * 1871 &#x2013; Fil-Battalja ta' Bapaume, parti mill-Gwerra bejn Franza u l-Prussja, il-qawwiet tal-Ġeneral [[Louis Faidherbe]] jwasslu biex il-Prussjani jirtiraw. * 1885 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra bejn iċ-[[Ċina]] u Franza: bdiet il-Battalja ta' Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; Terremot ta' 7.7 fuq l-iskala Richter qered il-belt ta' [[Almaty]] fit-Turkestan Russu. * 1911 &#x2013; Żewġ persuni mietu wara ġlieda b'tiri ta' arma tan-nar fil-Lvant ta' [[Londra]]. Dan ħoloq għagħa [[Politika|politiku]] minħabba l-involviment tal-Ministru għall-Affarijiet Interni ta' dak iż-żmien [[Winston Churchill]]. * 1913 &#x2013; Maltempata li ħakmet il-kosta tal-[[Oċean Atlantiku|Atlantiku]] rreġistrat l-iżjed qari baxx ikkonfermat ta' pressjoni barometrika (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) għal sistema mhux tropikali fl-Istati Uniti kontinentali. * 1913 &#x2013; L-Ewwel Gwerra tal-Balkani: il-[[Greċja]] temmet il-ħakma tal-gżira ta' [[Chios]] fil-[[Baħar Eġew]], wara li l-aħħar qawwiet [[Imperu Ottoman|Ottomani]] fil-gżira arrendew. * 1920 &#x2013; Iktar minn 640 ruħ inqatlu wara li terremot ta' 6.4 fuq l-iskala Richter heżżeż l-istati [[Messiku|Messikani]] ta' [[Puebla (belt)|Puebla]] u Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; [[Minnie D. Craig]] saret l-ewwel [[mara]] eletta bħala l-iSpeaker tal-Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti ta' North Dakota, l-ewwel mara b'dik il-kariga fl-Istati Uniti inġenerali. * 1944 &#x2013; It-[[It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija|Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]]: il-bdot Amerikan, il-Maġġur [[Greg "Pappy" Boyington]] inqatel fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Vought F4U Corsair mill-Kaptan [[Masajiro Kawato]] fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Mitsubishi A6M ero. * 1946 &#x2013; Ir-rikkieb [[Kanada|Kanadiż]]-Amerikan popolari taż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] [[George Woolf]] indarab u ġarrab konkussjoni waqt aċċident ikrah matul tiġrija; huwa miet l-għada. F'ġieħu nħoloq il-Premju annwali bħala Mafkar ta' George Woolf. * 1947 &#x2013; Il-proċeduri tal-Kungress Amerikan ixxandru fuq it-televiżjoni għall-ewwel darba. * 1949 &#x2013; Ġie stabbilit il-Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, il-bank ċentrali tal-[[Filippini]]. * 1953 &#x2013; [[Frances P. Bolton]] u binha, Oliver minn Ohio, saru l-ewwel omm u iben b'kariga simultanja fil-Kungress Amerikan. * 1956 &#x2013; Il-parti ta' fuq tat-[[Torri Eiffel]] inħakmet min-nirien. * 1957 &#x2013; Il-Hamilton Watch Company introduċiet l-ewwel arloġġ elettriku tal-idejn. * 1958 &#x2013; Ġiet iffurmata l-Federazzjoni tal-Indji tal-Punent. * 1959 &#x2013; L-[[Alaska]] ġiet ammessa bħala d-49 Stat tal-Istati Uniti. * 1961 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Bierda]]: wara sensiela ta' ritaljazzjonijiet ekonomiċi kontra xulxin, l-Istati Uniti qatgħet ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi ma' [[Kuba]]. * 1961 &#x2013; Ir-reattur nukleari SL-1, qrib il-Kaskati ta' Idaho, Idaho, inqered minn splużjoni tal-istim fl-uniku inċident ta' reattur fl-Istati Uniti li kkawża mwiet minnufih. * 1961 &#x2013; Protesta mill-ħaddiema agrikoli f'Baixa de Cassanje, l-[[Angola]] [[Portugall|Portugiża]], sarrfet f'rewwixta, li tat bidu għall-Gwerra tal-Indipendenza tal-Angola, l-ewwel waħda mill-Gwerer Kolonjali Portugiżi. * 1961 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 311 tal-Aero kkraxxja fil-foresta f'Kvevlax, il-[[Finlandja]], u mietu 25 ruħ. * 1962 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ġwanni XXIII]] skomunika lil [[Fidel Castro]]. * 1976 &#x2013; Daħal fis-seħħ il-Patt Internazzjonali dwar id-Drittijiet Ekonomiċi, Soċjali u [[Kultura|Kulturali]], adottat mill-Assemblea Ġenerali tan-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]]. * 1977 &#x2013; Ġiet inkorporata l-impriża Apple Computer. * 1987 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 797 tal-Varig ikkraxxja qrib Akouré fil-[[Kosta tal-Avorju]] u kkawża 50 mewta. * 1990 &#x2013; L-invażjoni tal-[[Panama]] mill-Istati Uniti: [[Manuel Noriega]], l-eks mexxej tal-Panama, arrenda quddiem il-qawwiet Amerikani. * 1992 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 4821 tal-CommutAir ikkraxxja malli qorob lejn l-Ajruport Reġjonali ta' Adirondack, fil-Lag ta' Saranac, il-Belt ta' New York, u mietu żewġ persuni. * 1993 &#x2013; F'[[Moska]], ir-Russja, [[George H. W. Bush]] u [[Boris Yeltsin]] iffirmaw it-tieni Trattat Strateġiku dwar it-Tnaqqis tal-Armi (START). * 1994 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 130 tal-Baikal Airlines ikkraxxja qrib Mamoney, Irkutsk, ir-Russja, u mietu 125 ruħ. * 1999 &#x2013; In-[[NASA]] llanċjat il-''Mars Polar Lander''. * 2002 &#x2013; Il-kunflitt bejn [[Iżrael]] u l-[[Palestina]]: il-qawwiet ta' Iżrael ħatfu l-bastiment tal-merkanzija Palestinjan ''Karine A'' fil-[[Baħar l-Aħmar]], u sabu 50 tunnellata ta' armi. * 2004 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 604 tal-Flash Airlines ikkraxxja fil-Baħar l-Aħmar, u mietu 148 ruħ; dan kien wieħed mill-iżjed aċċidenti tal-avjazzjoni fl-[[Storja|istorja]] [[Eġittu|Eġizzjana]] li wassal għal imwiet. * 2009 &#x2013; Ġiet stabbilita l-ewwel blokka tal-blockchain tas-sistema deċentralizzata tal-pagamenti [[Bitcoin]], imsejħa l-blokka ta' Genesis, mill-ħallieq tas-sistema, [[Satoshi Nakamoto]]. * 2015 &#x2013; Il-militanti ta' [[Boko Haram]] qerdu r-raħal kollu ta' Baga fil-Grigal tan-[[Niġerja]], u bdew il-massakru ta' Baga u qatlu sa 2,000 ruħ. * 2016 &#x2013; B'rispons għall-ġustizzjar ta' Nimr al-Nimr, l-[[Iran]] temm ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi mal-[[Arabja Sawdija]]. * 2018 &#x2013; Għall-ewwel darba fl-istorja, id-digi kollha ewlenin fin-[[Pajjiżi l-Baxxi|Netherlands]] ingħalqu f'daqqa minħabba maltempata bix-xita. * 2019 &#x2013; Iċ-Chang'e 4 għamlet l-ewwel inżul ikkontrollat fin-naħa mbiegħda tal-[[Qamar]], u ġiet skjerata l-vettura lunari Yutu-2. * 2020 &#x2013; Il-Ġeneral Iranjan [[Qasem Soleimani]] nqatel minn attakk bl-ajru Amerikan qrib l-Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' [[Bagdad]], u dan wassal għal tħassib globali minħabba l-kunflitt armat potenzjali. * 2023 &#x2013; Il-Park tal-[[Għasfur|Għasafar]] ta' Jurong f'[[Singapore]] għalaq b'mod permanenti. * 2024 &#x2013; Mill-inqas 91 ruħ inqatlu f'bumbardamenti f'[[Kerman]], l-[[Iran]], waqt ċerimonja ta' kommemorazzjoni tal-assassinju tal-Ġeneral Iranjan Qasem Soleimani 4 snin qabel. * 2026 &#x2013; L-Istati Uniti wettqu attakki mill-ajru fit-Tramuntana tal-[[Veneżwela|Venezwela]], inkluż il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Caracas]], u ħatfu l-President tal-Venezuela [[Nicolás Maduro]] u l-mara tiegħu [[Cilia Flores]]. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]]. &#x2013; [[Ċiċerun]], filosfu, [[avukat]] u politiku [[Imperu Ruman|Ruman]] (miet fit-43 Q.K.). * 1509 &#x2013; [[Gian Girolamo Albani]], kardinal [[Italja|Taljan]] (miet fl-1591). === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, teoriku politiku Ingliż (miet fl-1677). * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, poeta u awtur tal-kanzunetti Taljan (miet fl-1782). * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, suldat u inġinier Amerikan (miet fl-1796). * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, bijologu u esploratur [[Żvezja|Żvediż]] (miet fl-1752). * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, ammirall u statista [[Venezja|Venezjan]] (miet fl-1792). * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, Indian ruler (miet fl-1799). * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, 2nd Earl of Charlemont (miet fl-1863). * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, arċisqof [[Polonja|Pollakk]] (miet fl-1861). * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, attivista Amerikana (miet fl-1880). * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, avukat u politiku Ingliż (miet fl-1898). * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, ġurnalist u xeneġġjatur Ingliż (miet fl-1857). * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, soprana u attriċi [[Ġermanja|Ġermaniża]] (miet fl-1854). * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, ġeografu, etnologu, lingwista u [[astronomu]] Franċiż (miet fl-1897). * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, negozjant u politiku Amerikan (miet fl-1891). * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, Italian-Scottish astronomer and academic (miet fl-1900) * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, Indian poet, educator, and activist (miet fl-1897) * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, Japanese samurai and rebel leader (miet fl-1867) * 1840 &#x2013; Father Damien, Flemish priest and missionary (miet fl-1889) * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, Italian physician (miet fl-1935) * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, Swedish writer (miet fl-1921) * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, English businessman (miet fl-1914) * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, English tennis player (miet fl-1899) * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, English tennis player (miet fl-1904) * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, English soldier and politician, 13th Governor of Queensland (miet fl-1939) * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (miet fl-1936) * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, Australian-English author (miet fl-1946) * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, Japanese businessman and art collector, founded the Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (miet fl-1957) * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, German carpenter and politician, 1st President of the German Democratic Republic (miet fl-1960) * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, American actress (miet fl-1957) * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, Irish Jesuit priest and photographer (miet fl-1960) * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, English soldier, lawyer, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (miet fl-1967) * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, Canadian discus thrower and hammer thrower (miet fl-1963) * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, Polish pianist and composer (miet fl-1948) * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, American businessman (miet fl-1912) * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, American poet and author (miet fl-1950) * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, Australian cricketer (miet fl-1967) * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, German-French painter (miet fl-1914) * 1892 &#x2013; J.R.R. Tolkien, English writer, poet, and philologist (miet fl-1973) * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, American actress (miet fl-1963) * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, Irish republican revolutionary, (miet fl-1985) * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, American actress and comedian (miet fl-1961) * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, American author and illustrator (miet fl-1990) * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, American businessman (miet fl-1985) === 1901–present === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, Vietnamese lawyer and politician, 1st President of the Republic of Vietnam (miet fl-1963) * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, Italian engineer (miet fl-1996) * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, American actress (miet fl-1961) * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, Russian farm worker (miet fl-1991) * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, Welsh-American actor and director (miet fl-1986) * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, Danish-American pianist and conductor (miet fl-2000) * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, American baseball player and manager (miet fl-2000) * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, American director and producer (miet fl-1992) * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, Spanish soldier (miet fl-1936) * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, Canadian journalist and politician (miet fl-2002) * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, American-Finnish actor, director, and screenwriter (miet fl-2005) * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, American painter and soldier (miet fl-2010) * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, American actress and television journalist (miet fl-1994) * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, American golfer (miet fl-2004) * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, Dutch author and actor (miet fl-2004) * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., American journalist and publisher, co-founded Farrar, Straus and Giroux (miet fl-2004) * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, American pianist and composer (miet fl-1963) * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, German lawyer and politician, Attorney General of Germany (miet fl-1977) * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, Russian historian of mathematics (miet fl-2005) * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, English actor, director, and screenwriter (miet fl-1994) * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, American football coach and sportscaster (miet fl-2005) * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, German businessman and philanthropist, founded Metro AG (miet fl-2013) * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, Italian football player (miet fl-1962) * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, Belgian author and illustrator (miet fl-1997) * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, American soprano and educator (miet fl-2005) * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, English actress (miet fl-2009) * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, American economist and politician, 64th United States Secretary of the Treasury * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, English composer, conductor, and producer (miet fl-2016) * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, Malaysian lawyer and politician, 3rd Chief Minister of Sarawak (miet fl-2015) * 1929 &#x2013; Sergio Leone, Italian director, producer, and screenwriter (miet fl-1989) * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, German-Brazilian composer and conductor (miet fl-2025) * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, American businessman, co-founder of Intel Corporation (miet fl-2023) * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, American illustrator (miet fl-2025) * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, American actor and director (miet fl-2015) * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, American actor (miet fl-2024) * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, Finnish pole vaulter and politician (miet fl-2022) * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, English lawyer (miet fl-2025) * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, American-English poet and author (miet fl-2020) * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, German mercenary * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, American-French actress, singer, and dancer (miet fl-2008) * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, American lawyer and politician, 5th United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, Canadian businessman and politician * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, American director, producer, and screenwriter, created ''Battlestar Galactica'' (miet fl-2014) * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, Baron Butler of Brockwell, English academic and politician * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, Sri Lankan accountant and politician, Mayor of Colombo (miet fl-2006) * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, Israeli singer-songwriter and actor (miet fl-2013) * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, Canadian ice hockey player (miet fl-2023) * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, Polish footballer and coach (miet fl-2007) * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, Italian actor and director (miet fl-2008) * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, New Zealand rugby player * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, Australian lawyer and activist (miet fl-2006) * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, English actor and producer, played Inspector Morse (miet fl-2002) * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, American singer-songwriter, musician, composer, author, and actor * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, Australian author * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, English geographer and political activist (miet fl-2016) * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, English bass player, songwriter, and producer * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (miet fl-2002) * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, English rugby player * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, American singer-songwriter (miet fl-2013) * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, Australian footballer * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, American teenager and murder victim (miet fl-1965) * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, American actress and businesswoman * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, American journalist and academic * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serbian plane crash survivor and Guinness World Record holder (miet fl-2016) * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (miet fl-2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (miet fl-2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (miet fl-2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (miet fl-2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (miet fl-2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Imwiet == === Qabel l-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–preżent === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942) * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Btajjel u osservanzi == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Jannar]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] 70ennhhn9t8abem8mst6xs7o0j206sj 332134 332133 2026-09-19T09:32:39Z Trigcly 17859 /* 1601–1900 */ 332134 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali tal-patrijottiżmu. * 1815 &#x2013; L-[[Awstrija]], ir-[[Renju Unit]] u [[Franza]] fformaw alleanza difensiva sigrieta kontra l-[[Prussja]] u r-[[Russja]]. * 1833 &#x2013; Il-Kaptan [[James Onslow]], f'''Clio'', asserixxa mill-ġdid is-sovranità Brittanika fuq il-[[Gżejjer Falkland]]. * 1848 &#x2013; [[Joseph Jenkins Roberts]] ħa l-ġurament bħala l-ewwel President tal-[[Liberja]]. * 1861 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Ċivili Amerikana]]: Delaware vvotat kontra s-seċessjoni mill-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]]. * 1868 &#x2013; Ir-Rivoluzzjoni tal-Meiji fil-[[Ġappun]]: ix-xogunat ta' Tokugawa ġie abolit; l-aġenti ta' Satsuma u ta' Chōshū ħatfu l-poter. * 1870 &#x2013; Beda x-xogħol tal-kostruzzjoni fuq il-[[Pont ta' Brooklyn]] fil-[[Belt ta' New York]], l-Istati Uniti. * 1871 &#x2013; Fil-Battalja ta' Bapaume, parti mill-Gwerra bejn Franza u l-Prussja, il-qawwiet tal-Ġeneral [[Louis Faidherbe]] jwasslu biex il-Prussjani jirtiraw. * 1885 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra bejn iċ-[[Ċina]] u Franza: bdiet il-Battalja ta' Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; Terremot ta' 7.7 fuq l-iskala Richter qered il-belt ta' [[Almaty]] fit-Turkestan Russu. * 1911 &#x2013; Żewġ persuni mietu wara ġlieda b'tiri ta' arma tan-nar fil-Lvant ta' [[Londra]]. Dan ħoloq għagħa [[Politika|politiku]] minħabba l-involviment tal-Ministru għall-Affarijiet Interni ta' dak iż-żmien [[Winston Churchill]]. * 1913 &#x2013; Maltempata li ħakmet il-kosta tal-[[Oċean Atlantiku|Atlantiku]] rreġistrat l-iżjed qari baxx ikkonfermat ta' pressjoni barometrika (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) għal sistema mhux tropikali fl-Istati Uniti kontinentali. * 1913 &#x2013; L-Ewwel Gwerra tal-Balkani: il-[[Greċja]] temmet il-ħakma tal-gżira ta' [[Chios]] fil-[[Baħar Eġew]], wara li l-aħħar qawwiet [[Imperu Ottoman|Ottomani]] fil-gżira arrendew. * 1920 &#x2013; Iktar minn 640 ruħ inqatlu wara li terremot ta' 6.4 fuq l-iskala Richter heżżeż l-istati [[Messiku|Messikani]] ta' [[Puebla (belt)|Puebla]] u Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; [[Minnie D. Craig]] saret l-ewwel [[mara]] eletta bħala l-iSpeaker tal-Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti ta' North Dakota, l-ewwel mara b'dik il-kariga fl-Istati Uniti inġenerali. * 1944 &#x2013; It-[[It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija|Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]]: il-bdot Amerikan, il-Maġġur [[Greg "Pappy" Boyington]] inqatel fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Vought F4U Corsair mill-Kaptan [[Masajiro Kawato]] fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Mitsubishi A6M ero. * 1946 &#x2013; Ir-rikkieb [[Kanada|Kanadiż]]-Amerikan popolari taż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] [[George Woolf]] indarab u ġarrab konkussjoni waqt aċċident ikrah matul tiġrija; huwa miet l-għada. F'ġieħu nħoloq il-Premju annwali bħala Mafkar ta' George Woolf. * 1947 &#x2013; Il-proċeduri tal-Kungress Amerikan ixxandru fuq it-televiżjoni għall-ewwel darba. * 1949 &#x2013; Ġie stabbilit il-Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, il-bank ċentrali tal-[[Filippini]]. * 1953 &#x2013; [[Frances P. Bolton]] u binha, Oliver minn Ohio, saru l-ewwel omm u iben b'kariga simultanja fil-Kungress Amerikan. * 1956 &#x2013; Il-parti ta' fuq tat-[[Torri Eiffel]] inħakmet min-nirien. * 1957 &#x2013; Il-Hamilton Watch Company introduċiet l-ewwel arloġġ elettriku tal-idejn. * 1958 &#x2013; Ġiet iffurmata l-Federazzjoni tal-Indji tal-Punent. * 1959 &#x2013; L-[[Alaska]] ġiet ammessa bħala d-49 Stat tal-Istati Uniti. * 1961 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Bierda]]: wara sensiela ta' ritaljazzjonijiet ekonomiċi kontra xulxin, l-Istati Uniti qatgħet ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi ma' [[Kuba]]. * 1961 &#x2013; Ir-reattur nukleari SL-1, qrib il-Kaskati ta' Idaho, Idaho, inqered minn splużjoni tal-istim fl-uniku inċident ta' reattur fl-Istati Uniti li kkawża mwiet minnufih. * 1961 &#x2013; Protesta mill-ħaddiema agrikoli f'Baixa de Cassanje, l-[[Angola]] [[Portugall|Portugiża]], sarrfet f'rewwixta, li tat bidu għall-Gwerra tal-Indipendenza tal-Angola, l-ewwel waħda mill-Gwerer Kolonjali Portugiżi. * 1961 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 311 tal-Aero kkraxxja fil-foresta f'Kvevlax, il-[[Finlandja]], u mietu 25 ruħ. * 1962 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ġwanni XXIII]] skomunika lil [[Fidel Castro]]. * 1976 &#x2013; Daħal fis-seħħ il-Patt Internazzjonali dwar id-Drittijiet Ekonomiċi, Soċjali u [[Kultura|Kulturali]], adottat mill-Assemblea Ġenerali tan-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]]. * 1977 &#x2013; Ġiet inkorporata l-impriża Apple Computer. * 1987 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 797 tal-Varig ikkraxxja qrib Akouré fil-[[Kosta tal-Avorju]] u kkawża 50 mewta. * 1990 &#x2013; L-invażjoni tal-[[Panama]] mill-Istati Uniti: [[Manuel Noriega]], l-eks mexxej tal-Panama, arrenda quddiem il-qawwiet Amerikani. * 1992 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 4821 tal-CommutAir ikkraxxja malli qorob lejn l-Ajruport Reġjonali ta' Adirondack, fil-Lag ta' Saranac, il-Belt ta' New York, u mietu żewġ persuni. * 1993 &#x2013; F'[[Moska]], ir-Russja, [[George H. W. Bush]] u [[Boris Yeltsin]] iffirmaw it-tieni Trattat Strateġiku dwar it-Tnaqqis tal-Armi (START). * 1994 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 130 tal-Baikal Airlines ikkraxxja qrib Mamoney, Irkutsk, ir-Russja, u mietu 125 ruħ. * 1999 &#x2013; In-[[NASA]] llanċjat il-''Mars Polar Lander''. * 2002 &#x2013; Il-kunflitt bejn [[Iżrael]] u l-[[Palestina]]: il-qawwiet ta' Iżrael ħatfu l-bastiment tal-merkanzija Palestinjan ''Karine A'' fil-[[Baħar l-Aħmar]], u sabu 50 tunnellata ta' armi. * 2004 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 604 tal-Flash Airlines ikkraxxja fil-Baħar l-Aħmar, u mietu 148 ruħ; dan kien wieħed mill-iżjed aċċidenti tal-avjazzjoni fl-[[Storja|istorja]] [[Eġittu|Eġizzjana]] li wassal għal imwiet. * 2009 &#x2013; Ġiet stabbilita l-ewwel blokka tal-blockchain tas-sistema deċentralizzata tal-pagamenti [[Bitcoin]], imsejħa l-blokka ta' Genesis, mill-ħallieq tas-sistema, [[Satoshi Nakamoto]]. * 2015 &#x2013; Il-militanti ta' [[Boko Haram]] qerdu r-raħal kollu ta' Baga fil-Grigal tan-[[Niġerja]], u bdew il-massakru ta' Baga u qatlu sa 2,000 ruħ. * 2016 &#x2013; B'rispons għall-ġustizzjar ta' Nimr al-Nimr, l-[[Iran]] temm ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi mal-[[Arabja Sawdija]]. * 2018 &#x2013; Għall-ewwel darba fl-istorja, id-digi kollha ewlenin fin-[[Pajjiżi l-Baxxi|Netherlands]] ingħalqu f'daqqa minħabba maltempata bix-xita. * 2019 &#x2013; Iċ-Chang'e 4 għamlet l-ewwel inżul ikkontrollat fin-naħa mbiegħda tal-[[Qamar]], u ġiet skjerata l-vettura lunari Yutu-2. * 2020 &#x2013; Il-Ġeneral Iranjan [[Qasem Soleimani]] nqatel minn attakk bl-ajru Amerikan qrib l-Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' [[Bagdad]], u dan wassal għal tħassib globali minħabba l-kunflitt armat potenzjali. * 2023 &#x2013; Il-Park tal-[[Għasfur|Għasafar]] ta' Jurong f'[[Singapore]] għalaq b'mod permanenti. * 2024 &#x2013; Mill-inqas 91 ruħ inqatlu f'bumbardamenti f'[[Kerman]], l-[[Iran]], waqt ċerimonja ta' kommemorazzjoni tal-assassinju tal-Ġeneral Iranjan Qasem Soleimani 4 snin qabel. * 2026 &#x2013; L-Istati Uniti wettqu attakki mill-ajru fit-Tramuntana tal-[[Veneżwela|Venezwela]], inkluż il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Caracas]], u ħatfu l-President tal-Venezuela [[Nicolás Maduro]] u l-mara tiegħu [[Cilia Flores]]. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]]. &#x2013; [[Ċiċerun]], filosfu, [[avukat]] u politiku [[Imperu Ruman|Ruman]] (miet fit-43 Q.K.). * 1509 &#x2013; [[Gian Girolamo Albani]], kardinal [[Italja|Taljan]] (miet fl-1591). === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, teoriku politiku Ingliż (miet fl-1677). * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, poeta u awtur tal-kanzunetti Taljan (miet fl-1782). * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, suldat u inġinier Amerikan (miet fl-1796). * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, bijologu u esploratur [[Żvezja|Żvediż]] (miet fl-1752). * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, ammirall u statista [[Venezja|Venezjan]] (miet fl-1792). * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, mexxej [[Indja|Indjan]] (miet fl-1799). * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, it-tieni Konti ta' Charlemont (miet fl-1863). * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, arċisqof [[Polonja|Pollakk]] (miet fl-1861). * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, attivista Amerikana (mietet fl-1880). * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, avukat u politiku Ingliż (miet fl-1898). * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, ġurnalist u xeneġġjatur Ingliż (miet fl-1857). * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, soprana u attriċi [[Ġermanja|Ġermaniża]] (miet fl-1854). * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, ġeografu, etnologu, lingwista u [[astronomu]] Franċiż (miet fl-1897). * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, negozjant u politiku Amerikan (miet fl-1891). * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, astronomu u akkademiku Taljan-[[Skozja|Skoċċiż]] (miet fl-1900). * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, [[poeta]], edukatur u attivista Indjan (miet fl-1897). * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, samuraj u mexxej ribelli Ġappuniż (miet fl-1867). * 1840 &#x2013; Fra Damien, patri u missjunarju Fjamming (miet fl-1889). * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, [[tabib]] Taljan (miet fl-1935). * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, [[Kittieb|kittieba]] Żvediża (miet fl-1921). * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, negozjant Ingliż (miet fl-1914). * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, plejer tat-[[Tenis|tennis]] Ingliż (miet fl-1899). * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, plejer tat-tennis Ingliż (miet fl-1904). * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, suldat u politiku Ingliż, it-13-il Gvernatur ta' [[Queensland]] (miet fl-1939). * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (miet fl-1936). * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, awtur [[Awstralja|Awstraljan]]-Ingliż (miet fl-1946). * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, negozjant u kollezzjonist tal-[[arti]] Ġappuniż, stabbilixxa l-Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (miet fl-1957). * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, mastrudaxxa u politiku Ġermaniż, l-ewwel President tar-Repubblika Demokratika Ġermaniża (miet fl-1960). * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, attriċi Amerikana (mietet fl-1957). * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, patri u fotografu Ġiżwita [[Repubblika tal-Irlanda|Irlandiż]] (miet fl-1960). * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, suldat, avukat u politiku Ingliż, Prim Ministru tar-Renju Unit (miet fl-1967). * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, atleta tat-twaddib tad-diskus u tal-martell Kanadiż (miet fl-1963). * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, pjanist u [[kompożitur]] [[Polonja|Pollakk]] (miet fl-1948). * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, negozjant Amerikan (miet fl-1912). * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, poeta u awtur Amerikan (miet fl-1950). * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, plejer tal-cricket Awstraljan (miet fl-1967). * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, pittur Ġermaniż-Franċiż (miet fl-1914). * 1892 &#x2013; [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], kittieb, poeta u filologu Ingliż (miet fl-1973). * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, attriċi Amerikana (miet fl-1963). * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, rivoluzzjonarju repubblikan Irlandiż (miet fl-1985). * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, attriċi u komiku Amerikan (miet fl-1961). * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, awtriċi u illustratriċi Amerikana (mietet fl-1990). * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, negozjant Amerikan (miet fl-1985). === 1901–preżent === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, avukat u politiku [[Vjetnam|Vjetnamiż]], l-ewwel President tar-Repubblika tal-Vjetnam (miet fl-1963). * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, inġinier Taljan (miet fl-1996). * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, attriċi Amerikana (mietet fl-1961). * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, ħaddiema agrikola Russa (mietet fl-1991). * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, attur u reġista Welsh-Amerikan (miet fl-1986). * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, pjanist u surmast [[Danimarka|Daniż]]-Amerikan (miet fl-2000). * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, plejer u maniġer tal-baseball Amerikan (miet fl-2000). * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, reġista u produttur Amerikan (miet fl-1992). * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, suldat Spanjol (miet fl-1936). * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, ġurnalist u politiku Kanadiż (miet fl-2002). * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, attur, reġista u xeneġġjatur Amerikan-Finlandiż (miet fl-2005). * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, pittur u suldat Amerikan (miet fl-2010). * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, attriċi u [[Ġurnalist|ġurnalista]] televiżiva Amerikana (mietet fl-1994). * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, plejer tal-golf Amerikan (miet fl-2004). * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, awtur u attur Olandiż (miet fl-2004). * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., ġurnalist u pubblikatur Amerikan, kofundatur ta' Farrar, Straus u Giroux (miet fl-2004). * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, pjanist u kompożitur Amerikan (miet fl-1963). * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, avukat u politiku Ġermaniż, Avukat Ġenerali tal-Ġermanja (miet fl-1977). * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, storika Russa tal-[[matematika]] (mietet fl-2005). * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, attur, reġista u xeneġġjatur Ingliż (miet fl-1994). * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, kowċ u xandar sportiv tal-futbol Amerikan (miet fl-2005). * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, negozjant u filantropu Ġermaniż, stabbilixxa l-Metro AG (miet fl-2013). * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, plejer tal-futbol Taljan (miet fl-1962). * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, awtur u illustratur [[Belġju|Belġjan]] (miet fl-1997). * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, soprana u edukatriċi Amerikana (miet fl-2005). * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, attriċi Ingliża (miet fl-2009). * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, ekonomista u politiku Amerikan, l-64 tas-Segretarju tat-Teżor tal-Istati Uniti. * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, kompożitur, surmast u produttur Ingliż (miet fl-2016). * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, avukat u politiku [[Malażja|Malażjan]], it-tielet Ministru Ewlieni ta' Sarawak (miet fl-2015). * 1929 &#x2013; [[Sergio Leone]], reġista, produttur u xeneġġjatur Taljan (miet fl-1989). * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, kompożitur u surmast Ġermaniż-[[Brażil|Brażiljan]] (miet fl-2025). * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, negozjant Amerikan, kofundatur tal-Intel Corporation (miet fl-2023). * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, illustratur Amerikan (miet fl-2025). * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, attur u reġista Amerikan (miet fl-2015). * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, attur Amerikan (miet fl-2024). * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, atleta tal-pole vault u politiku Finlandiż (miet fl-2022). * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, avukat Ingliż (miet fl-2025). * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, poeta u awtriċi Amerikana-Ingliża (mietet fl-2020). * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, merċenarju Ġermaniż. * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, attriċi, [[Kantant|kantanta]] u żeffiena Amerikana-Franċiża (mietet fl-2008). * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, avukata u politiku Amerikan, il-ħames Segretarju tal-Qasam tad-Djar u l-Iżvilupp Urban. * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, negozjant u politiku Kanadiż. * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, reġista, produttur u xenaġġjatur Amerikan, li ħoloq l-''Battlestar Galactica'' (miet fl-2014). * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, il-Baruni Butler ta' Brockwell, akkademiku u politiku Ingliż. * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, kontabilist u politiku mis-[[Sri Lanka]], Sindku ta' [[Kolombo]] (miet fl-2006). * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, kantant-kantawtur u awtur minn Iżrael (miet fl-2013). * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, plejer tal-hockey fuq is-silġ Kanadiż (miet fl-2023). * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, plejer u kowċ tal-[[futbol]] Pollakk (miet fl-2007). * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, attur u reġista Taljan (miet fl-2008). * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, plejer tar-rugby minn [[New Zealand]]. * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, avukat u attivist Awstraljan (miet fl-2006). * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, attur u produttur Ingliż, li ħadimha tal-Ispettur Morse (miet fl-2002). * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, kantant-kantawtur, mużiċist, kompożitur, awtur u attur Amerikan. * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, awtriċi Awstraljana. * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, ġeografu u attivista politika (mietet fl-2016). * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, kantant-kantawtur, kitarrist u produttur Amerikan. * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, mużiċist tal-bass, kantawtur u produttur Ingliż. * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, plejer tal-futbol Grieg (miet fl-2002). * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, plejer tar-rugby Ingliż. * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, kantant-kantawtur Amerikan (mietet fl-2013). * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, plejer tal-futbol Awstraljan. * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, adolexxenti u vittma ta' qtil Amerikana (mietet fl-1965). * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, attriċi u negozjanta Amerikana. * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, ġurnalista u akkademika Amerikana. * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serba li baqgħet ħajja wara li kkraxxja ajruplan u detentriċi ta' Rekord Dinji tal-Guinness (miet fl-2016). * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (miet fl-2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (miet fl-2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (miet fl-2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (miet fl-2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (miet fl-2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Imwiet == === Qabel l-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–preżent === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942) * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Btajjel u osservanzi == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Jannar]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] o01vidtqxzzp9zcndmyvn60l7qiweld 332135 332134 2026-09-19T11:12:16Z Trigcly 17859 /* Referenzi */ 332135 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Jannar}} It-'''3 ta' Jannar''' huwa t-tielet jum tas-sena fil-[[kalendarju Gregorjan]]&#x3B;&#x20;ikun għad fadal 362 jum sa tmiem is-sena&#x20;(363 jum fi snin biżestili). == Avvenimenti == === Qabel l-1600 === * 69 &#x2013; Il-leġjuni [[Imperu Ruman|Rumani]] fuq ir-Renu rrifjutaw li jiddikjaraw il-lealtà tagħhom lejn Galba, u minflok ipproklamaw il-legat tagħhom, Aulus Vitellius, bħala l-imperatur. * 250 &#x2013; L-Imperatur Deċju ordna lil kulħadd fl-Imperu Ruman (għajr il-[[Lhud]]) biex jagħmlu sagrifiċċji lill-allat Rumani. * 1521 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ljun X]] skomunika lil [[Martin Luteru]] fil-boll jew fis-siġill [[Papa|Papali]] ''Decet Romanum Pontificem''. === 1601–1900 === * 1653 &#x2013; Permezz tal-Ġurament fuq is-Salib ta' Coonan, il-Knisja tal-Lvant fl-[[Indja]] nqatgħet mill-patroċinju [[Portugall|Portugiż]] kolonjali. * 1749 &#x2013; [[Benning Wentworth]] ħareġ l-ewwel Għotjiet ta' New Hampshire, u dawn wasslu għall-istabbiliment ta' Vermont. * 1749 &#x2013; Ġiet ippubblikata l-ewwel ħarġa ta' ''Berlingske'', l-eqdem gazzetta tad-[[Danimarka]] li ilha topera b'mod kontinwu. * 1777 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra Rivoluzzjonarja [[Stati Uniti|Amerlkana]]: il-qawwiet Amerikani taħt l-Ġeneral [[George Washington]] għelbu l-qawwiet [[Gran Brittanja|Brittaniċi]] fil-Battalja ta' Princeton, u b'hekk qanqlu l-morali tal-patrijottiżmu. * 1815 &#x2013; L-[[Awstrija]], ir-[[Renju Unit]] u [[Franza]] fformaw alleanza difensiva sigrieta kontra l-[[Prussja]] u r-[[Russja]]. * 1833 &#x2013; Il-Kaptan [[James Onslow]], f'''Clio'', asserixxa mill-ġdid is-sovranità Brittanika fuq il-[[Gżejjer Falkland]]. * 1848 &#x2013; [[Joseph Jenkins Roberts]] ħa l-ġurament bħala l-ewwel President tal-[[Liberja]]. * 1861 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Ċivili Amerikana]]: Delaware vvotat kontra s-seċessjoni mill-[[Stati Uniti|Istati Uniti]]. * 1868 &#x2013; Ir-Rivoluzzjoni tal-Meiji fil-[[Ġappun]]: ix-xogunat ta' Tokugawa ġie abolit; l-aġenti ta' Satsuma u ta' Chōshū ħatfu l-poter. * 1870 &#x2013; Beda x-xogħol tal-kostruzzjoni fuq il-[[Pont ta' Brooklyn]] fil-[[Belt ta' New York]], l-Istati Uniti. * 1871 &#x2013; Fil-Battalja ta' Bapaume, parti mill-Gwerra bejn Franza u l-Prussja, il-qawwiet tal-Ġeneral [[Louis Faidherbe]] jwasslu biex il-Prussjani jirtiraw. * 1885 &#x2013; Il-Gwerra bejn iċ-[[Ċina]] u Franza: bdiet il-Battalja ta' Núi Bop. === 1901–preżent === * 1911 &#x2013; Terremot ta' 7.7 fuq l-iskala Richter qered il-belt ta' [[Almaty]] fit-Turkestan Russu. * 1911 &#x2013; Żewġ persuni mietu wara ġlieda b'tiri ta' arma tan-nar fil-Lvant ta' [[Londra]]. Dan ħoloq għagħa [[Politika|politiku]] minħabba l-involviment tal-Ministru għall-Affarijiet Interni ta' dak iż-żmien [[Winston Churchill]]. * 1913 &#x2013; Maltempata li ħakmet il-kosta tal-[[Oċean Atlantiku|Atlantiku]] rreġistrat l-iżjed qari baxx ikkonfermat ta' pressjoni barometrika (955.0 mb (28.20 inHg)) għal sistema mhux tropikali fl-Istati Uniti kontinentali. * 1913 &#x2013; L-Ewwel Gwerra tal-Balkani: il-[[Greċja]] temmet il-ħakma tal-gżira ta' [[Chios]] fil-[[Baħar Eġew]], wara li l-aħħar qawwiet [[Imperu Ottoman|Ottomani]] fil-gżira arrendew. * 1920 &#x2013; Iktar minn 640 ruħ inqatlu wara li terremot ta' 6.4 fuq l-iskala Richter heżżeż l-istati [[Messiku|Messikani]] ta' [[Puebla (belt)|Puebla]] u Veracruz. * 1933 &#x2013; [[Minnie D. Craig]] saret l-ewwel [[mara]] eletta bħala l-iSpeaker tal-Kamra tar-Rappreżentanti ta' North Dakota, l-ewwel mara b'dik il-kariga fl-Istati Uniti inġenerali. * 1944 &#x2013; It-[[It-Tieni Gwerra Dinjija|Tieni Gwerra Dinjija]]: il-bdot Amerikan, il-Maġġur [[Greg "Pappy" Boyington]] inqatel fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Vought F4U Corsair mill-Kaptan [[Masajiro Kawato]] fl-inġenju tal-ajru tiegħu Mitsubishi A6M ero. * 1946 &#x2013; Ir-rikkieb [[Kanada|Kanadiż]]-Amerikan popolari taż-[[Żiemel|żwiemel]] [[George Woolf]] indarab u ġarrab konkussjoni waqt aċċident ikrah matul tiġrija; huwa miet l-għada. F'ġieħu nħoloq il-Premju annwali bħala Mafkar ta' George Woolf. * 1947 &#x2013; Il-proċeduri tal-Kungress Amerikan ixxandru fuq it-televiżjoni għall-ewwel darba. * 1949 &#x2013; Ġie stabbilit il-Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, il-bank ċentrali tal-[[Filippini]]. * 1953 &#x2013; [[Frances P. Bolton]] u binha, Oliver minn Ohio, saru l-ewwel omm u iben b'kariga simultanja fil-Kungress Amerikan. * 1956 &#x2013; Il-parti ta' fuq tat-[[Torri Eiffel]] inħakmet min-nirien. * 1957 &#x2013; Il-Hamilton Watch Company introduċiet l-ewwel arloġġ elettriku tal-idejn. * 1958 &#x2013; Ġiet iffurmata l-Federazzjoni tal-Indji tal-Punent. * 1959 &#x2013; L-[[Alaska]] ġiet ammessa bħala d-49 Stat tal-Istati Uniti. * 1961 &#x2013; Il-[[Gwerra Bierda]]: wara sensiela ta' ritaljazzjonijiet ekonomiċi kontra xulxin, l-Istati Uniti qatgħet ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi ma' [[Kuba]]. * 1961 &#x2013; Ir-reattur nukleari SL-1, qrib il-Kaskati ta' Idaho, Idaho, inqered minn splużjoni tal-istim fl-uniku inċident ta' reattur fl-Istati Uniti li kkawża mwiet minnufih. * 1961 &#x2013; Protesta mill-ħaddiema agrikoli f'Baixa de Cassanje, l-[[Angola]] [[Portugall|Portugiża]], sarrfet f'rewwixta, li tat bidu għall-Gwerra tal-Indipendenza tal-Angola, l-ewwel waħda mill-Gwerer Kolonjali Portugiżi. * 1961 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 311 tal-Aero kkraxxja fil-foresta f'Kvevlax, il-[[Finlandja]], u mietu 25 ruħ. * 1962 &#x2013; Il-[[Papa Ġwanni XXIII]] skomunika lil [[Fidel Castro]]. * 1976 &#x2013; Daħal fis-seħħ il-Patt Internazzjonali dwar id-Drittijiet Ekonomiċi, Soċjali u [[Kultura|Kulturali]], adottat mill-Assemblea Ġenerali tan-[[Ġnus Magħquda|Nazzjonijiet Uniti]]. * 1977 &#x2013; Ġiet inkorporata l-impriża Apple Computer. * 1987 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 797 tal-Varig ikkraxxja qrib Akouré fil-[[Kosta tal-Avorju]] u kkawża 50 mewta. * 1990 &#x2013; L-invażjoni tal-[[Panama]] mill-Istati Uniti: [[Manuel Noriega]], l-eks mexxej tal-Panama, arrenda quddiem il-qawwiet Amerikani. * 1992 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 4821 tal-CommutAir ikkraxxja malli qorob lejn l-Ajruport Reġjonali ta' Adirondack, fil-Lag ta' Saranac, il-Belt ta' New York, u mietu żewġ persuni. * 1993 &#x2013; F'[[Moska]], ir-Russja, [[George H. W. Bush]] u [[Boris Yeltsin]] iffirmaw it-tieni Trattat Strateġiku dwar it-Tnaqqis tal-Armi (START). * 1994 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 130 tal-Baikal Airlines ikkraxxja qrib Mamoney, Irkutsk, ir-Russja, u mietu 125 ruħ. * 1999 &#x2013; In-[[NASA]] llanċjat il-''Mars Polar Lander''. * 2002 &#x2013; Il-kunflitt bejn [[Iżrael]] u l-[[Palestina]]: il-qawwiet ta' Iżrael ħatfu l-bastiment tal-merkanzija Palestinjan ''Karine A'' fil-[[Baħar l-Aħmar]], u sabu 50 tunnellata ta' armi. * 2004 &#x2013; L-ajruplan tat-titjira 604 tal-Flash Airlines ikkraxxja fil-Baħar l-Aħmar, u mietu 148 ruħ; dan kien wieħed mill-iżjed aċċidenti tal-avjazzjoni fl-[[Storja|istorja]] [[Eġittu|Eġizzjana]] li wassal għal imwiet. * 2009 &#x2013; Ġiet stabbilita l-ewwel blokka tal-blockchain tas-sistema deċentralizzata tal-pagamenti [[Bitcoin]], imsejħa l-blokka ta' Genesis, mill-ħallieq tas-sistema, [[Satoshi Nakamoto]]. * 2015 &#x2013; Il-militanti ta' [[Boko Haram]] qerdu r-raħal kollu ta' Baga fil-Grigal tan-[[Niġerja]], u bdew il-massakru ta' Baga u qatlu sa 2,000 ruħ. * 2016 &#x2013; B'rispons għall-ġustizzjar ta' Nimr al-Nimr, l-[[Iran]] temm ir-relazzjonijiet diplomatiċi mal-[[Arabja Sawdija]]. * 2018 &#x2013; Għall-ewwel darba fl-istorja, id-digi kollha ewlenin fin-[[Pajjiżi l-Baxxi|Netherlands]] ingħalqu f'daqqa minħabba maltempata bix-xita. * 2019 &#x2013; Iċ-Chang'e 4 għamlet l-ewwel inżul ikkontrollat fin-naħa mbiegħda tal-[[Qamar]], u ġiet skjerata l-vettura lunari Yutu-2. * 2020 &#x2013; Il-Ġeneral Iranjan [[Qasem Soleimani]] nqatel minn attakk bl-ajru Amerikan qrib l-Ajruport Internazzjonali ta' [[Bagdad]], u dan wassal għal tħassib globali minħabba l-kunflitt armat potenzjali. * 2023 &#x2013; Il-Park tal-[[Għasfur|Għasafar]] ta' Jurong f'[[Singapore]] għalaq b'mod permanenti. * 2024 &#x2013; Mill-inqas 91 ruħ inqatlu f'bumbardamenti f'[[Kerman]], l-[[Iran]], waqt ċerimonja ta' kommemorazzjoni tal-assassinju tal-Ġeneral Iranjan Qasem Soleimani 4 snin qabel. * 2026 &#x2013; L-Istati Uniti wettqu attakki mill-ajru fit-Tramuntana tal-[[Veneżwela|Venezwela]], inkluż il-[[belt kapitali]] ta' [[Caracas]], u ħatfu l-President tal-Venezuela [[Nicolás Maduro]] u l-mara tiegħu [[Cilia Flores]]. == Twelid == === Qabel l-1600 === * 106 [[Ante Christum natum|Q.K]]. &#x2013; [[Ċiċerun]], filosfu, [[avukat]] u politiku [[Imperu Ruman|Ruman]] (miet fit-43 Q.K.). * 1509 &#x2013; [[Gian Girolamo Albani]], kardinal [[Italja|Taljan]] (miet fl-1591). === 1601–1900 === * 1611 &#x2013; James Harrington, teoriku politiku Ingliż (miet fl-1677). * 1698 &#x2013; Pietro Metastasio, poeta u awtur tal-kanzunetti Taljan (miet fl-1782). * 1710 &#x2013; Richard Gridley, suldat u inġinier Amerikan (miet fl-1796). * 1722 &#x2013; Fredrik Hasselqvist, bijologu u esploratur [[Żvezja|Żvediż]] (miet fl-1752). * 1731 &#x2013; Angelo Emo, ammirall u statista [[Venezja|Venezjan]] (miet fl-1792). * 1760 &#x2013; Veerapandiya Kattabomman, mexxej [[Indja|Indjan]] (miet fl-1799). * 1775 &#x2013; Francis Caulfeild, it-tieni Konti ta' Charlemont (miet fl-1863). * 1778 &#x2013; Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, arċisqof [[Polonja|Pollakk]] (miet fl-1861). * 1793 &#x2013; Lucretia Mott, attivista Amerikana (mietet fl-1880). * 1802 &#x2013; Charles Pelham Villiers, avukat u politiku Ingliż (miet fl-1898). * 1803 &#x2013; Douglas William Jerrold, ġurnalist u xeneġġjatur Ingliż (miet fl-1857). * 1806 &#x2013; Henriette Sontag, soprana u attriċi [[Ġermanja|Ġermaniża]] (miet fl-1854). * 1810 &#x2013; Antoine Thomson d'Abbadie, ġeografu, etnologu, lingwista u [[astronomu]] Franċiż (miet fl-1897). * 1816 &#x2013; Samuel C. Pomeroy, negozjant u politiku Amerikan (miet fl-1891). * 1819 &#x2013; Charles Piazzi Smyth, astronomu u akkademiku Taljan-[[Skozja|Skoċċiż]] (miet fl-1900). * 1831 &#x2013; Savitribai Phule, [[poeta]], edukatur u attivista Indjan (miet fl-1897). * 1836 &#x2013; Sakamoto Ryōma, samuraj u mexxej ribelli Ġappuniż (miet fl-1867). * 1840 &#x2013; Fra Damien, patri u missjunarju Fjamming (miet fl-1889). * 1847 &#x2013; Ettore Marchiafava, [[tabib]] Taljan (miet fl-1935). * 1853 &#x2013; Sophie Elkan, [[Kittieb|kittieba]] Żvediża (miet fl-1921). * 1855 &#x2013; Hubert Bland, negozjant Ingliż (miet fl-1914). * 1861 &#x2013; Ernest Renshaw, plejer tat-[[Tenis|tennis]] Ingliż (miet fl-1899). * 1861 &#x2013; William Renshaw, plejer tat-tennis Ingliż (miet fl-1904). * 1862 &#x2013; Matthew Nathan, suldat u politiku Ingliż, it-13-il Gvernatur ta' [[Queensland]] (miet fl-1939). * 1865 &#x2013; Henry Lytton, English actor (miet fl-1936). * 1870 &#x2013; Henry Handel Richardson, awtur [[Awstralja|Awstraljan]]-Ingliż (miet fl-1946). * 1873 &#x2013; Ichizō Kobayashi, negozjant u kollezzjonist tal-[[arti]] Ġappuniż, stabbilixxa l-Hankyu Hanshin Holdings (miet fl-1957). * 1876 &#x2013; Wilhelm Pieck, mastrudaxxa u politiku Ġermaniż, l-ewwel President tar-Repubblika Demokratika Ġermaniża (miet fl-1960). * 1877 &#x2013; Josephine Hull, attriċi Amerikana (mietet fl-1957). * 1880 &#x2013; Francis Browne, patri u fotografu Ġiżwita [[Repubblika tal-Irlanda|Irlandiż]] (miet fl-1960). * 1883 &#x2013; Clement Attlee, suldat, avukat u politiku Ingliż, Prim Ministru tar-Renju Unit (miet fl-1967). * 1883 &#x2013; Duncan Gillis, atleta tat-twaddib tad-diskus u tal-martell Kanadiż (miet fl-1963). * 1884 &#x2013; Raoul Koczalski, pjanist u [[kompożitur]] [[Polonja|Pollakk]] (miet fl-1948). * 1885 &#x2013; Harry Elkins Widener, negozjant Amerikan (miet fl-1912). * 1886 &#x2013; John Gould Fletcher, poeta u awtur Amerikan (miet fl-1950). * 1886 &#x2013; Arthur Mailey, plejer tal-cricket Awstraljan (miet fl-1967). * 1887 &#x2013; August Macke, pittur Ġermaniż-Franċiż (miet fl-1914). * 1892 &#x2013; [[J.R.R. Tolkien]], kittieb, poeta u filologu Ingliż (miet fl-1973). * 1894 &#x2013; ZaSu Pitts, attriċi Amerikana (miet fl-1963). * 1897 &#x2013; Eithne Coyle, rivoluzzjonarju repubblikan Irlandiż (miet fl-1985). * 1897 &#x2013; Marion Davies, attriċi u komiku Amerikan (miet fl-1961). * 1898 &#x2013; Carolyn Haywood, awtriċi u illustratriċi Amerikana (mietet fl-1990). * 1900 &#x2013; Donald J. Russell, negozjant Amerikan (miet fl-1985). === 1901–preżent === * 1901 &#x2013; Ngô Đình Diệm, avukat u politiku [[Vjetnam|Vjetnamiż]], l-ewwel President tar-Repubblika tal-Vjetnam (miet fl-1963). * 1905 &#x2013; Dante Giacosa, inġinier Taljan (miet fl-1996). * 1905 &#x2013; Anna May Wong, attriċi Amerikana (mietet fl-1961). * 1906 &#x2013; Ulyana Barkova, ħaddiema agrikola Russa (mietet fl-1991). * 1907 &#x2013; Ray Milland, attur u reġista Welsh-Amerikan (miet fl-1986). * 1909 &#x2013; Victor Borge, pjanist u surmast [[Danimarka|Daniż]]-Amerikan (miet fl-2000). * 1910 &#x2013; Frenchy Bordagaray, plejer u maniġer tal-baseball Amerikan (miet fl-2000). * 1910 &#x2013; John Sturges, reġista u produttur Amerikan (miet fl-1992). * 1912 &#x2013; Federico Borrell García, suldat Spanjol (miet fl-1936). * 1912 &#x2013; Renaude Lapointe, ġurnalist u politiku Kanadiż (miet fl-2002). * 1912 &#x2013; Armand Lohikoski, attur, reġista u xeneġġjatur Amerikan-Finlandiż (miet fl-2005). * 1915 &#x2013; Jack Levine, pittur u suldat Amerikan (miet fl-2010). * 1916 &#x2013; Betty Furness, attriċi u [[Ġurnalist|ġurnalista]] televiżiva Amerikana (mietet fl-1994). * 1916 &#x2013; Fred Haas, plejer tal-golf Amerikan (miet fl-2004). * 1917 &#x2013; Albert Mol, awtur u attur Olandiż (miet fl-2004). * 1917 &#x2013; Roger Williams Straus, Jr., ġurnalist u pubblikatur Amerikan, kofundatur ta' Farrar, Straus u Giroux (miet fl-2004). * 1919 &#x2013; Herbie Nichols, pjanist u kompożitur Amerikan (miet fl-1963). * 1920 &#x2013; Siegfried Buback, avukat u politiku Ġermaniż, Avukat Ġenerali tal-Ġermanja (miet fl-1977). * 1921 &#x2013; Isabella Bashmakova, storika Russa tal-[[matematika]] (mietet fl-2005). * 1922 &#x2013; Bill Travers, attur, reġista u xeneġġjatur Ingliż (miet fl-1994). * 1923 &#x2013; Hank Stram, kowċ u xandar sportiv tal-futbol Amerikan (miet fl-2005). * 1924 &#x2013; Otto Beisheim, negozjant u filantropu Ġermaniż, stabbilixxa l-Metro AG (miet fl-2013). * 1924 &#x2013; Enzo Cozzolini, plejer tal-futbol Taljan (miet fl-1962). * 1924 &#x2013; André Franquin, awtur u illustratur [[Belġju|Belġjan]] (miet fl-1997). * 1924 &#x2013; Nell Rankin, soprana u edukatriċi Amerikana (miet fl-2005). * 1925 &#x2013; Jill Balcon, attriċi Ingliża (miet fl-2009). * 1926 &#x2013; W. Michael Blumenthal, ekonomista u politiku Amerikan, l-64 tas-Segretarju tat-Teżor tal-Istati Uniti. * 1926 &#x2013; George Martin, kompożitur, surmast u produttur Ingliż (miet fl-2016). * 1928 &#x2013; Abdul Rahman Ya'kub, avukat u politiku [[Malażja|Malażjan]], it-tielet Ministru Ewlieni ta' Sarawak (miet fl-2015). * 1929 &#x2013; [[Sergio Leone]], reġista, produttur u xeneġġjatur Taljan (miet fl-1989). * 1929 &#x2013; Ernst Mahle, kompożitur u surmast Ġermaniż-[[Brażil|Brażiljan]] (miet fl-2025). * 1929 &#x2013; Gordon Moore, negozjant Amerikan, kofundatur tal-Intel Corporation (miet fl-2023). * 1930 &#x2013; Stephen Fabian, illustratur Amerikan (miet fl-2025). * 1930 &#x2013; Robert Loggia, attur u reġista Amerikan (miet fl-2015). * 1932 &#x2013; Dabney Coleman, attur Amerikan (miet fl-2024). * 1932 &#x2013; Eeles Landström, atleta tal-pole vault u politiku Finlandiż (miet fl-2022). * 1933 &#x2013; Geoffrey Bindman, avukat Ingliż (miet fl-2025). * 1933 &#x2013; Anne Stevenson, poeta u awtriċi Amerikana-Ingliża (mietet fl-2020). * 1933 – Rolf Steiner, merċenarju Ġermaniż. * 1934 &#x2013; Marpessa Dawn, attriċi, [[Kantant|kantanta]] u żeffiena Amerikana-Franċiża (mietet fl-2008). * 1934 &#x2013; Carla Anderson Hills, avukata u politiku Amerikan, il-ħames Segretarju tal-Qasam tad-Djar u l-Iżvilupp Urban. * 1935 &#x2013; Raymond Garneau, negozjant u politiku Kanadiż. * 1937 &#x2013; Glen A. Larson, reġista, produttur u xenaġġjatur Amerikan, li ħoloq l-''Battlestar Galactica'' (miet fl-2014). * 1938 &#x2013; Robin Butler, il-Baruni Butler ta' Brockwell, akkademiku u politiku Ingliż. * 1938 &#x2013; K. Ganeshalingam, kontabilist u politiku mis-[[Sri Lanka]], Sindku ta' [[Kolombo]] (miet fl-2006). * 1939 &#x2013; Arik Einstein, kantant-kantawtur u awtur minn Iżrael (miet fl-2013). * 1939 &#x2013; Bobby Hull, plejer tal-hockey fuq is-silġ Kanadiż (miet fl-2023). * 1940 &#x2013; Bernard Blaut, plejer u kowċ tal-[[futbol]] Pollakk (miet fl-2007). * 1940 &#x2013; Leo de Berardinis, attur u reġista Taljan (miet fl-2008). * 1941 &#x2013; Malcolm Dick, plejer tar-rugby minn [[New Zealand]]. * 1942 &#x2013; John Marsden, avukat u attivist Awstraljan (miet fl-2006). * 1942 &#x2013; John Thaw, attur u produttur Ingliż, li ħadimha tal-Ispettur Morse (miet fl-2002). * 1943 &#x2013; Van Dyke Parks, kantant-kantawtur, mużiċist, kompożitur, awtur u attur Amerikan. * 1944 &#x2013; Blanche d'Alpuget, awtriċi Awstraljana. * 1944 &#x2013; Doreen Massey, ġeografu u attivista politika (mietet fl-2016). * 1945 &#x2013; Stephen Stills, kantant-kantawtur, kitarrist u produttur Amerikan. * 1946 &#x2013; John Paul Jones, mużiċist tal-bass, kantawtur u produttur Ingliż. * 1946 &#x2013; Michalis Kritikopoulos, plejer tal-futbol Grieg (miet fl-2002). * 1947 &#x2013; Fran Cotton, plejer tar-rugby Ingliż. * 1947 &#x2013; Zulema, kantant-kantawtur Amerikan (mietet fl-2013). * 1948 &#x2013; Ian Nankervis, plejer tal-futbol Awstraljan. * 1949 &#x2013; Sylvia Likens, adolexxenti u vittma ta' qtil Amerikana (mietet fl-1965). * 1950 &#x2013; Victoria Principal, attriċi u negozjanta Amerikana. * 1950 &#x2013; Linda Steiner, ġurnalista u akkademika Amerikana. * 1950 &#x2013; Vesna Vulović, Serba li baqgħet ħajja wara li kkraxxja ajruplan u detentriċi ta' Rekord Dinji tal-Guinness (miet fl-2016). * 1951 &#x2013; Linda Dobbs, English lawyer and judge * 1951 &#x2013; Gary Nairn, Australian surveyor and politician, 14th Special Minister of State (miet fl-2024) * 1952 &#x2013; Esperanza Aguirre, Spanish civil servant and politician, 3rd President of the Community of Madrid * 1952 &#x2013; Gianfranco Fini, Italian journalist and politician, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs * 1952 &#x2013; Jim Ross, American professional wrestling commentator * 1953 &#x2013; Justin Fleming, Australian playwright and author * 1953 &#x2013; Mohamed Waheed Hassan, Maldivian educator and politician, 5th President of the Maldives * 1953 &#x2013; Peter Taylor, English footballer and manager * 1955 &#x2013; Denis Walter, Australian radio host and singer * 1956 &#x2013; Mel Gibson, American-Australian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter * 1957 &#x2013; Dave Dobbyn, New Zealand singer-songwriter and producer * 1960 &#x2013; Russell Spence, English racing driver * 1962 &#x2013; Darren Daulton, American baseball player (miet fl-2017) * 1962 &#x2013; Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby player * 1963 &#x2013; Stewart Hosie, Scottish businessman and politician * 1963 &#x2013; Aamer Malik, Pakistani cricketer * 1963 &#x2013; Alex Wheatle, English author and playwright (miet fl-2025) * 1964 &#x2013; Cheryl Miller, American basketball player and coach * 1966 &#x2013; Chetan Sharma, Indian cricketer * 1969 &#x2013; James Carter, American musician * 1969 &#x2013; Jarmo Lehtinen, Finnish racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Michael Schumacher, German racing driver * 1969 &#x2013; Gerda Weissensteiner, Italian luger and bobsledder * 1971 &#x2013; Sarah Alexander, English actress * 1971 &#x2013; Cory Cross, Canadian ice hockey player and coach * 1973 &#x2013; Dan Harmon, American television writer, producer, animator, and actor * 1974 &#x2013; Robert-Jan Derksen, Dutch golfer * 1974 &#x2013; Alessandro Petacchi, Italian cyclist * 1974 &#x2013; Todd Warriner, Canadian ice hockey player * 1975 &#x2013; Thomas Bangalter, French DJ, musician, and producer * 1975 &#x2013; Jason Marsden, American actor * 1975 &#x2013; Danica McKellar, American actress and mathematician * 1976 &#x2013; Angelos Basinas, Greek footballer * 1976 &#x2013; Nicholas Gonzalez, American actor and producer * 1977 &#x2013; Lee Bowyer, English footballer and coach * 1977 &#x2013; A. J. Burnett, American baseball player * 1978 &#x2013; Dimitra Kalentzou, Greek basketball player * 1978 &#x2013; Kimberley Locke, American singer, songwriter, and television personality * 1978 &#x2013; Mike York, American ice hockey player * 1979 &#x2013; Kate Levering, American actress, singer, and dancer * 1980 &#x2013; Bryan Clay, American decathlete * 1980 &#x2013; Eli Crane, U.S. representative for Arizona's 2nd congressional district * 1980 &#x2013; Telly Leung, American actor, director, singer and songwriter * 1980 &#x2013; Angela Ruggiero, American ice hockey player * 1980 &#x2013; David Tyree, American football player * 1980 &#x2013; Kurt Vile, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer * 1980 &#x2013; Mary Wineberg, American sprinter * 1981 &#x2013; Eli Manning, American football player * 1982 &#x2013; Peter Clarke, English footballer * 1982 &#x2013; Park Ji-yoon, South Korean singer and actress * 1982 &#x2013; Lasse Nilsson, Swedish footballer * 1983 &#x2013; Katie McGrath, Irish actress * 1984 &#x2013; Billy Mehmet, English-Irish footballer * 1985 &#x2013; Nicole Beharie, American actress * 1985 &#x2013; Linas Kleiza, Lithuanian basketball player * 1985 &#x2013; Evan Moore, American football player * 1985 &#x2013; Noelle Quinn, American basketball player and coach * 1986 &#x2013; Dana Hussain, Iraqi sprinter * 1986 &#x2013; Lloyd, American singer-songwriter * 1986 &#x2013; Greg Nwokolo, Indonesian footballer * 1986 &#x2013; Nikola Peković, Montenegrin basketball player and executive * 1986 &#x2013; Cedric Simmons, American-Bulgarian basketball player * 1986 &#x2013; Dmitry Starodubtsev, Russian pole vaulter * 1987 &#x2013; Adrián, Spanish footballer * 1987 &#x2013; Reto Berra, Swiss professional ice hockey goaltender * 1987 &#x2013; Kim Ok-vin, South Korean actress and singer * 1988 &#x2013; Ikechi Anya, Scottish-Nigerian footballer * 1988 &#x2013; The Completionist, American YouTuber * 1988 &#x2013; Jonny Evans, Northern Irish footballer * 1988 &#x2013; Matt Frattin, Canadian ice hockey player * 1989 &#x2013; Jordi Masip, Spanish footballer * 1989 &#x2013; Eric Sim, American baseball player and YouTuber * 1989 &#x2013; Kōhei Uchimura, Japanese artistic gymnast * 1990 &#x2013; Yoichiro Kakitani, Japanese footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Jerson Cabral, Dutch footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Özgür Çek, Turkish footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Ryan Ellis, Canadian ice hockey player * 1991 &#x2013; Sébastien Faure, French footballer * 1991 &#x2013; Dane Gagai, Australian rugby league player * 1991 &#x2013; Goo Hara, South Korean singer and actress (miet fl-2019) * 1991 &#x2013; Darius Morris, American basketball player (miet fl-2024) * 1991 &#x2013; Joonas Nättinen, Finnish ice hockey player * 1992 &#x2013; Doug McDermott, American basketball player * 1992 &#x2013; Sio Siua Taukeiaho, New Zealand-Tongan rugby league player * 1994 &#x2013; Isaquias Queiroz, Brazilian sprint canoeist * 1995 &#x2013; Rondae Hollis-Jefferson, American-Jordanian basketball player * 1995 &#x2013; Jisoo, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Paddy Pimblett, English mixed martial artist * 1995 &#x2013; Kim Seol-hyun, South Korean singer and actress * 1995 &#x2013; Tonny Vilhena, Dutch footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Léo Ortiz, Brazilian footballer * 1996 &#x2013; Florence Pugh, English actress * 1997 &#x2013; Fodé Ballo-Touré, French-Senegalese footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Jérémie Boga, French-Ivorian footballer * 1997 &#x2013; Kyron McMaster, British Virgin Islands hurdler * 1998 &#x2013; Patrick Cutrone, Italian footballer * 1998 &#x2013; Emiru, American online streamer * 2000 &#x2013; Leandro Barreiro, Luxembourgish footballer * 2000 &#x2013; João Mário, Portuguese footballer * 2001 &#x2013; Deni Avdija, Israeli-Serbian basketball player * 2002 &#x2013; Nico González, Spanish footballer * 2003 &#x2013; Kyle Rittenhouse, American conservative personality * 2003 &#x2013; Greta Thunberg, Swedish environmental activist * 2003 &#x2013; Alan Virginius, French footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Carlos Baleba, Cameroonian footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Toby Collyer, English footballer * 2004 &#x2013; Habib Diarra, Senegalese footballer * 2008 &#x2013; Raegan Revord, American actor == Imwiet == === Qabel l-1600 === * 236 &#x2013; Anterus, pope of the Catholic Church * 323 &#x2013; Emperor Yuan of Jin, Chinese emperor (born 276) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Yukinari, Japanese calligrapher (born 972) * 1028 &#x2013; Fujiwara no Michinaga, Japanese nobleman (born 966) * 1098 &#x2013; Walkelin, Norman bishop of Winchester * 1322 &#x2013; Philip V, king of France (born 1292) * 1437 &#x2013; Catherine of Valois, Queen Consort of Henry V (born 1401) * 1501 &#x2013; Ali-Shir Nava'i, Turkic poet, linguist, and mystic (born 1441) * 1543 &#x2013; Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Portuguese explorer and navigator (born 1499) * 1571 &#x2013; Joachim II Hector, Elector of Brandenburg (born 1505) === 1601–1900 === * 1641 &#x2013; Jeremiah Horrocks, English astronomer and mathematician (born 1618) * 1656 &#x2013; Mathieu Molé, French politician (born 1584) * 1670 &#x2013; George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (born 1608) * 1701 &#x2013; Louis I, prince of Monaco (born 1642) * 1705 &#x2013; Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (born 1634) * 1743 &#x2013; Ferdinando Galli-Bibiena, Italian painter and architect (born 1657) * 1785 &#x2013; Baldassare Galuppi, Italian composer (born 1706) * 1795 &#x2013; Josiah Wedgwood, English potter, founded the Wedgwood Company (born 1730) * 1826 &#x2013; Louis-Gabriel Suchet, French general (born 1770) * 1871 &#x2013; Kuriakose Elias Chavara, Indian priest and saint (born 1805) * 1875 &#x2013; Pierre Larousse, French lexicographer and publisher (born 1817) * 1882 &#x2013; William Harrison Ainsworth, English author (born 1805) * 1895 &#x2013; James Merritt Ives, American lithographer and businessman, co-founded Currier and Ives (born 1824) === 1901–preżent === * 1903 &#x2013; Alois Hitler, Austrian civil servant (born 1837) * 1911 &#x2013; Alexandros Papadiamantis, Greek author and poet (born 1851) * 1915 &#x2013; James Elroy Flecker, English poet, author, and playwright (born 1884) * 1916 &#x2013; Grenville M. Dodge, American general and politician (born 1831) * 1923 &#x2013; Jaroslav Hašek, Czech journalist and author (born 1883) * 1927 &#x2013; Carl David Tolmé Runge, German physicist and mathematician (born 1856) * 1931 &#x2013; Joseph Joffre, French general (born 1852) * 1933 &#x2013; Wilhelm Cuno, German lawyer and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1876) * 1933 &#x2013; Jack Pickford, Canadian-American actor, director, and producer (born 1896) * 1943 &#x2013; Walter James, Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Western Australia (born 1863) * 1944 &#x2013; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, Lithuanian poet, critic, and translator (born 1873) * 1945 &#x2013; Edgar Cayce, American psychic and author (born 1877) * 1946 &#x2013; William Joyce, American-British pro-Axis propaganda broadcaster (born 1906) * 1956 &#x2013; Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (born 1864) * 1956 &#x2013; Dimitrios Vergos, Greek Olympian (born 1886) * 1956 &#x2013; Joseph Wirth, German educator and politician, Chancellor of Germany (born 1879) * 1959 &#x2013; Edwin Muir, Scottish poet, author, and translator (born 1887) * 1960 &#x2013; Eric P. Kelly, American journalist, author, and academic (born 1884) * 1965 &#x2013; Milton Avery, American painter (born 1885) * 1966 &#x2013; Sammy Younge Jr., American civil rights activist (born 1944) * 1967 &#x2013; Mary Garden, Scottish-American soprano and actress (born 1874) * 1967 &#x2013; Reginald Punnett, British scientist (born 1875) * 1967 &#x2013; Jack Ruby, American businessman and murderer (born 1911) * 1970 &#x2013; Gladys Aylward, English missionary and humanitarian (born 1902) * 1975 &#x2013; Victor Kraft, Austrian philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1880) * 1979 &#x2013; Conrad Hilton, American businessman, founded the Hilton Hotels & Resorts (born 1887) * 1980 &#x2013; Joy Adamson, Austrian-Kenyan painter and conservationist (born 1910) * 1980 &#x2013; George Sutherland Fraser, Scottish poet and academic (born 1915) * 1981 &#x2013; Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (born 1883) * 1988 &#x2013; Rose Ausländer, Ukrainian-German poet and author (born 1901) * 1989 &#x2013; Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1909) * 1992 &#x2013; Judith Anderson, Australian actress (born 1897) * 2002 &#x2013; Satish Dhawan, Indian engineer (born 1920) * 2003 &#x2013; Sid Gillman, American football player and coach (born 1911) * 2004 &#x2013; Des Corcoran, Australian politician, 37th Premier of South Australia (born 1928) * 2005 &#x2013; Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (born 1917) * 2005 &#x2013; Egidio Galea, Maltese Roman Catholic priest, missionary, and educator (born 1918) * 2005 &#x2013; Jyotindra Nath Dixit, Indian diplomat, 2nd Indian National Security Adviser (born 1936) * 2006 &#x2013; Bill Skate, Papua New Guinean politician, 5th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (born 1954) * 2007 &#x2013; William Verity, Jr., American businessman and politician, 27th United States Secretary of Commerce (born 1917) * 2008 &#x2013; Jimmy Stewart, Scottish racing driver (born 1931) * 2008 &#x2013; Choi Yo-sam, South Korean boxer (born 1972) * 2009 &#x2013; Betty Freeman, American philanthropist and photographer (born 1921) * 2009 &#x2013; Pat Hingle, American actor (born 1923) * 2009 &#x2013; Hisayasu Nagata, Japanese politician (born 1969) * 2010 &#x2013; Gustavo Becerra-Schmidt, Chilean-German composer and academic (born 1925) * 2010 &#x2013; Mary Daly, American theologian and scholar (born 1928) * 2012 &#x2013; Vicar, Chilean cartoonist (born 1934) * 2012 &#x2013; Robert L. Carter, American lawyer and judge (born 1917) * 2012 &#x2013; Winifred Milius Lubell, American author and illustrator (born 1914) * 2012 &#x2013; Josef Škvorecký, Czech-Canadian author and publisher (born 1924) * 2013 &#x2013; Alfie Fripp, English soldier and pilot (born 1913) * 2013 &#x2013; Ivan Mackerle, Czech cryptozoologist, explorer, and author (born 1942) * 2013 &#x2013; William Maxson, American general (born 1930) * 2013 &#x2013; Sergiu Nicolaescu, Romanian actor, director, and screenwriter (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Phil Everly, American singer and guitarist (born 1939) * 2014 &#x2013; George Goodman, American economist and author (born 1930) * 2014 &#x2013; Saul Zaentz, American film producer (born 1921) * 2015 &#x2013; Martin Anderson, American economist and academic (born 1936) * 2015 &#x2013; Edward Brooke, American captain and politician, 47th Massachusetts Attorney General (born 1919) * 2016 &#x2013; Paul Bley, Canadian-American pianist and composer (born 1932) * 2016 &#x2013; Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (born 1928) * 2016 &#x2013; Bill Plager, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1945) * 2016 &#x2013; Igor Sergun, Russian general and diplomat (born 1957) * 2017 &#x2013; H. S. Mahadeva Prasad, Indian politician (born 1958) * 2018 &#x2013; Colin Brumby, Australian composer (born 1933) * 2019 &#x2013; Herb Kelleher, American businessman, co-founder of Southwest Airlines (born 1931) * 2020 &#x2013; Qasem Soleimani, Iranian major general, commander of the Iranian Quds Force (born 1957) * 2021 &#x2013; Eric Jerome Dickey, American author (born 1961) * 2023 &#x2013; Elena Huelva, Spanish cancer activist and influencer (born 2002) * 2025 &#x2013; Jeff Baena, American filmmaker (born 1977) * 2025 &#x2013; Brenton Wood, American R&B singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1941) * 2025 &#x2013; Niko Lekishvili, Georgian politician (born 1947) == Btajjel u osservanzi == * Christian feast day: ** Daniel of Padua ** Genevieve ** Holy Name of Jesus ** Kuriakose Elias Chavara (Syro-Malabar Catholic Church) ** Pope Anterus ** January 3 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) * Tamaseseri Festival (Hakozaki Shrine, Fukuoka, Japan) * The tenth of the Twelve Days of Christmas (Western Christianity) == Referenzi == [[Kategorija:Jannar]] [[Kategorija:Ġranet tas-sena]] {{Xhur tas-sena}} rfgoozrfjvcg1nyjvsk8uw5ssinwd8p