کریستین استوارت

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      <text bytes="6479" sha1="hojkewmbae9awy1e2r0qeryaf4zaqn8" xml:space="preserve">{{جعبه بازیگر
| نام                    = کریستن استوارت
| تصویر                  =Kristen Stewart 2008, 2.jpg
| توضیح تصویر            = سال ۲۰۰۸ گادِر
| نام اصلی               = کریستن جیمس استوارت
| زمینه فعالیت           = بازیگر 
| ملیت                   = آمریکایی 
| تاریخ تولد             = {{تولد و سن|۱۹۹۰|۴|۹}}
| محل تولد               = [[لس‌آنجلس]]، [[کالیفرنیا]]،{{سخ}}[[آمریکا]] 
| تاریخ مرگ              = 
| محل مرگ                =
| محل زندگی              =
| مختصات محل زندگی       =
| مدفن                   =
| معروف به               = کریس (Kris)
| پیشه                   = 
| سال‌های فعالیت          = ۱۹۹۹-هنتا
| همسر                   =
| شریک زندگی             = 
| فرزندان                = 
| والدین                 = جان استوارت، جولز مان استوارت 
| تأثیرات                =
| تأثیرپذیرفته           = 
| وب‌گاه                  = [http://kristenstewart.com kristenstewart.com]{{سخ}}[[پرونده:Kristen Stewart signature.svg|200px]]{{سخ}}کریستن امضا
| imdb_id                =0829576
| جوایز اسکار            = 
| جوایز                  = MTV 2010 مراسم ِبتترین خاش 
}}

'''کریستن جیمس استوارت''' {{انگلیسی|Kristen Jaymes Stewart}} (بزائه ۹ آوریل ۱۹۹۰) آمریکایی بازیگر هسته. وه ویشته فیلمون اتاق پناهگاه، [[زاتورا]]، [[زنان سرزمین دله]]، [[وحشی طبیعت]] و  [[ورگ و میش]] وسّه معروف بگردسته.

== زندگینومه ==
[[پرونده:Kristen Stewart @ 2010 Academy Awards (cropped).jpg|بندانگشتی|راست|200px|استوارت مراسم [[اوسکار جایزه|اوسکار]] دله]]
استوارت [[لس‌آنجلس]]، [[کالیفرنیا]] دله دنیا بموئه و همونجه گت بیّه اما بعضی سالون ره [[کلرادو]] و لس‌آنجلس میون شی‌یه و ورگردسته. 

''جان استوارت'' ِپییر تلویزون ِمدیر صحنه و تهیه‌کننده بی‌یه و فاکس ِکمپانی وسّه کار کارده. ونه استرالیایی مار هم کارگردان بی‌یه. وه اتا گت ِبرار هم دانّه.

{{-}}
==فیلموگرافی==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+ فیلم
! سال
! فیلم انگلیسی نوم
! رول
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; | توضیح
|-
| 1999
| ''{{sortname|The|Thirteenth Year}}''
| Girl in Fountain Line
| TV movie; uncredited
|-
| 2000
| ''{{sortname|The|Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas}}''
| Ring Toss Girl
| Uncredited
|-
| 2001
| ''{{sortname|The|Safety of Objects}}''
| Sam Jennings
|
|-
| 2002
| ''[[پانیک روم|Panic Room]]''
| Sarah Altman
|
|-
| 2003
| ''[[Cold Creek Manor]]''
| Kristen Tilson
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[اسپیک (فیلم)|Speak]]''
| [[ملیندا سردینو]]
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[کچ د کید|Catch That Kid]]''
| مدی
|
|-
| 2004
| ''[[آندرتو |Undertow]]''
| لیلا
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[فریک پیپل|Fierce People]]''
| مایا اوزبورن
|
|-
| 2005
| ''[[زاتورا|Zathura]]''
| لیسا
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[مسنجرز|The Messengers]]''
| جسیکا
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[این د لند آف وومن|In the Land of Women]]''
| لوسی
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[کیک ایترز|Cake Eaters]]''
| جورجیا
|
|-
| 2007
| ''[[اینتو د وایلد|Into the Wild]]''
| تریسی
| 
|-
| 2007
| ''[[کاتلس|Cutlass]]''
| یانگ روبین
| ''کِتا فیلم''
|-
| 2008
| ''[[جامپر (2008 فیلم)|Jumper]]''
| صوفیا
| Cameo
|-
| 2008
| ''[[وات جاست هپند|What Just Happened]]''
| زوی
|
|-
| 2008
| ''[[تویلایت|Twilight]]''
| ایزابلا
|
|-
| 2009
| ''[[ادونچرلند|Adventureland]]''
| املی لوین
| 
|-
| 2009
| ''[[تویلایت ساگا: نیو مون|Twilight Saga: New Moon]]''
| بلا سوئان
| 
|-
| 2010
| ''[[یلو هندکرچیف|The Yellow Handkerchief]]''
| مارتین
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[رانویز|The Runaways]]''
| جان جت
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[تویلایت ساگا: اکلیپس|Twilight Saga: Eclipse]]''
| بلا سوئان
|
|-
| 2010
| ''[[ولکام تو ریلیز|Welcome to the Rileys]]''
| الیسون
| 
|-
| 2011-2012
| ''[[تویلایت ساگا: بریکینگ داؤن|The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn]]''
| بلا سوئان
|
|-
| 2012
| ''[[اسنو وایت اند هانتس من|Snow White and the Huntsman]]''
| [[سفیدبرفی]]
|
|-
| 2012 &lt;!-- The film was released at the Cannes Film Festival on May 2012.--&gt;
| ''[[آن د رود|On the Road]]''
| ماریلو
|-
| 2014
| ''[[کمپ ایکس-ری|Camp X-Ray]]''
| امی کول
| 
|-
| 2014
| ''[[کلادز آف سیلس ماریا|Clouds of Sils Maria]]''
| ولنتاین
| 
|-
| 2014
| ''[[استیل آلیس|Still Alice]]''
| لیدیا
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[آنستازیا|Anesthesia]]''
| صوفیا
|
|-
| 2015
|''[[آمریکن اولترا|American Ultra]]''
| فوئبه
|
|-
| 2015
| ''[[اکوئالز|Equals]]''
| نیا
|کامل بَیی
|-
| 2016
| ''[[بیلی لینز لانگ هلفتایم والک|Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk]]''
| کاترین لین
| Post-production
|-
| 2016
| ''Untitled Kelly Reichardt Project''
| Beth Travis
| Post-production
|-
| 2016
| ''[[Untitled Woody Allen film]]''
| Theresa
| ''Filming''
|}

== نگارخنه ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Kristen Stewart Comic-Con 2012.jpg
Kristen Stewart, Chris Hemsworth 2012.jpg|کریس همسورس همراهی سال ۲۰۱۲ گادِر
Kristen Stewart by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Kristen Stewart TIFF 2012.jpg
Kristen Stewart 2012.jpg|کریستن استوارت استرالیا دله، سال ۲۰۱۲
Kristen Stewart.jpg
Kristen Stewart 2009.jpg|سال 2009، پاریس دله
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== بیرون بگردستن ==
* {{imdb name|شناسه=0829576}}

== منابع ==
{{پانویس}}
{{تلمبار-رج|Kristen_Stewart}}
* {{یادکرد-ویکی
|پیوند = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen_Stewart 
|عنوان = Kristen Stewart
|زبان = انگلیسی
|بازیابی =۱۳۸۸
}}

[[رج:امریکا بازیگرون‏]]
[[رج:گت مردمون کالیفرنیا]]
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      <minor />
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'''موزی''' داری هسِّه که [[فارسی]] دله وره گننه بلوط . اینتا دار [[دارمال|میوه‌ی]] نوم ر هم موزی تِلور یا موزی اغوذ گنِنِه. اینتا دار عمر تا ۵۰۰ سال و ۵۰۰ به یور هم بونه. این دار  ره [[زاگرس]]  کوههای دله ویشتر داینه. امّا مازرون دله هم خله در اینه. چون موزی تلور [[نشاسته]]، [[پروتئین]] و ات خله مواد دیگه داینه ونه جا نون هم درس کننه که دِوایی هسه.
[[File:Sorbus-torminalis.JPG|thumb|راست|موزی تلور]]

موزی [[تلور]] (ونه میوه) اتی تله و [[مازرون]] مردم وه رن نخرننه. اما ویشتر جاهای [[ایران]] وه ره خرننه.

== منابع ==
{{پانویس}}

[[رج:موزی| ]]</text>
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    <title>موزی تلور</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:46:04Z</timestamp>
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        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[رج:موزی]] اضافه شد با استفاده از [[ویکی‌پدیا:رج‌ساز]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="1146" sha1="2bmoaied5ypxv74nhqgebqm3gqlvxyp" xml:space="preserve">[[پرونده:Quercus robur.jpg|بندانگشتی|150px|موزی گلام و موزی تلور]]
'''موزی تلور''' یا '''بزمالو''' یا '''موزی اَغوذ''' {{فارسی جه|میوه بلوط}} هر چند و هیچ شباهتی با [[میوه]] ندارنه و بهتره باوِّن [[موزی]] ِتیم. موزی تلور اتا نازک [[کچلاپ]] جه تشکیل بونه که چویی و سفت هسِّه و نازک در حد 200 تا 300 [[میکرون]]  (سه دهم  [[میلیمتر]]) و ونه دله اتا تلِ هسته دره. که [[نشاسته]] و   [[پروتئین]] دارنه. این هسته ر خشک کنِّنه و ونه [[آرد]] جا نون پجننه. که دوایی هسه. علت ونه تلی ماده‌ای بنوم [[کوئرسین]] هسِّه. موزی تلور ر [[مازندرون]] دله نخارننه اما تقریباً در بیشتر جاهای [[ایران]]، [[تش]] رو گرم کنِّنه تا ونه تلی کم باوِّه و خارننه.

== کاربرد==
#مصارف درمانی 
#خوراک دام

[[رج:میوه‌ئون]]
[[رج:موزی]]</text>
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    <title>لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو</title>
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      <text bytes="27621" sha1="1y9fskwqa4oumevjj6jfhfelrg42r9k" xml:space="preserve">{{جعبه بازیگر
| نام                    = لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو
| تصویر                  = Leonardo DiCaprio June 2014.jpg
| نام اصلی               = '''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو'''&lt;ref&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نویسنده = |نشانی= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-DiCaprio|عنوان= Leonardo DiCaprio - Britannica.com| ناشر = |تاریخ = |تاریخ بازبینی=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | توضیح تصویر           = دی‌کاپریو سال ۲۰۱۴ گادِر
| زمینه فعالیت           = بازیگر، تهیه کننده
| ملیت                   =
| تاریخ تولد             = {{تولد و سن|۱۹۷۴|۱۱|۱۱}}
| محل تولد               = [[هالیوود]]، [[کالیفورنیا]]، [[آمریکا]]
| والدین                 = [[جورج دی کاپریو]] و [[ارمهاین ایندربرکن]]
| تاریخ مرگ              =
| محل مرگ                =
| محل زندگی              =
| مختصات محل زندگی       =
| مدفن                   =
| نام دیگر               =
| پیشه                   =
| سال‌های فعالیت          = ۱۹۸۹ - تاسا
| همسر                    =
| فرزندان                =
| تأثیرات                =
| تأثیرپذیرفته           =
| وبگاه                  = www.leonardodicaprio.com
| imdb_id                = 0000138
| جوایز اسکار            =
| جوایز آفی              =
| جایزه اریل             =
| جوایز بافتا            =
| جوایز سزار             =
| جوایز امی              =
| filmfareawards         =
| جوایز جمینای           =
| جوایز گلدن گلوب        = نقش اولی و...
| جوایز تمشک طلایی        =
| جوایز گویا             =
| جوایز گرمی             =
| جوایز ایفتا            =
| جوایز لورنس الیور      =
| naacpimageawards       =
| جوایز فیلم ملی         =
| جوایز ساگه             =
| جوایز تونی             =
| جوایز                  =
}}

'''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو''' {{انگلیسی جه|Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio}} اتا [[آمریکایی]] بازیگر هسته که [[هالیوود]] دله کار کانده.

وه چندین بار [[اوسکار]] دله کاندیدا بیّه و [[رونانت]] فیلم وسّه اتا جایزه هم بوِرده. وه خله محیط زیست وسّه هم تلاش دانّه و [[متحد ملل سازمان]] وه ره زیستِ سفیر بنومسته.

== بیوگرافی ==
لئوناردو، [[۱۱ نوامبر]] [[۱۹۷۴ (میلادی)|۱۹۷۴]] [[کالیفورنیا]]ي [[لس‌آنجلس]] دله دنیا بموپه. ونه پییر '''جورج دی کاپریو''' نویسنده و ونه مار '''ارمهاین ایندربرکن''' و ماجان '''هلنا ایندربرکن''' بینه که معروفیتی داشتنه. ونه تیر-و-تبار [[ایتالیا]] و [[آلمان]] جه رسنه و سه/چاروم دی کپریو [[آلمان|آلمانی]] هسته. ونه نوم ره [[لئوناردو داوینچی]] جه بییتنه. ونه مار و پییر هدی جه ونه ات سالگی گادِر سیوا بَیینه و وه شه مار همراهی فقر جه گت بیّه.

لئوناردو سال [[۱۹۸۹ (میلادی)|۱۹۸۹]] '''گری بکمن''' نقش ره اتا سریال دله داشته و [[۱۹۹۳ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۳]] اتا نقش دومی ره خوب بازی هاکرده. همون سال اتا معلول ذهنی نقش ره [[واتس ایت گیلبرت گریپ]] دله داشته که [[جانی دپ]] هم اون فیلم دله دیّه. وه این فیلم جه [[اوسکار]] کاندیدا بیّه درحالیکه فقط نوزّه سال داشته. سال [[۱۹۹۶ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۶]] دی‌کاپریو رومئو نقش ره [[رومئو و ژولیت]] (اثر [[شکسپیر]]) دله بییته ونقره ای خرس  ره برلین دله بییته. ونه بتترین اثر [[تایتانیک]] ([[۱۹۹۷ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۷]]) بی‌یه که وه ره معروف هاکرده.

[[پرونده:Leo Scor Diaz(GangsofNY)-.jpg|بندانگشتی|راست|250px|لئوناردو دی کاپریو، [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] و [[کامرون دیاز]]؛ سال ۲۰۰۲]]
وه بعد تایتانیک دِتا فیلم دله بازی هاکرده که خله نخاش بینه و وه بائوته که خله سخته دِباره اوج جه برسه. ولی سال [[۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)|۲۰۰۲]] دی‌کاپیرو دِتا فیلم [[کچ می ایف یو کن]]&lt;ref&gt;Catch me if you can&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[استیون اسپیلبرگ]] و [[گانگز آف نیویورک]]&lt;ref&gt;Gangs of New York&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] ره بازی هاکرده که دِباره وه ره مجلات ِتیتر هاکردنه. وه [[آویاتور]] فیلم دله [[هاوارد هیوز]] ِرول ره بَییته و این نقش وسّه اوسکار ِنقش اولون ِکاندیدا بیّه. دی‌کاپریو انده اسکورسیزی وسّه فیلم بازی هاکرده که گانّه ونه وسّه [[رابرت دنیرو]] جا ره بَییته.

{{-}}
== فیلموگرافی ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! سال
! فیلم ِنوم ِمعنی
! فیلم ِنوم
! نقش
! کارگردون
! توضیحات
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۶
| ''[[کچینگ د سان|خورشید ره بیتن]]''
|Catching the Sun &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/80061161?trackId=14277281&amp;tctx=0,0,a4744c08-ea15-49c6-82c4-30c5c5fd6a64-186980413,,|title=Catching the Sun|publisher=Netflix|access-date=September 19, 2018}}{{پیوند مرده|date=نوامبر ۲۰۲۲ |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
| 
|-
| ''[[پیش از سیل]]''
| Before the Flood
| شه
| 
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |title='Before the Flood': Leonardo DiCaprio's Toughest Role Yet |work=[[Men's Journal]] |first=Charles |last=Thorp |access-date=November 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104074836/http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |archive-date=November 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[بازی عاج]]''
| The Ivory Game &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |title='The Ivory Game' Telluride Review: Urgent Documentary About Elephant Killing Is a Roar for Action |publisher=[[درپ|TheWrap]] |date=September 2, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2016 |last=Abele |first=Robert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008203930/http://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[تا شب زنده بمان (فیلم)|تا شو زنده بموند]]''
| Live by Night &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |title=Ben Affleck And Warner Bros Set Next Film: Dennis Lehane Crime Novel 'Live By Night' |website=[[ددلاین هالیوود]] |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819050428/http://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ۲۰۱۸
| ''[[دلیریوم|شفت‌بئی]]''
| Delirium&lt;ref name=DeadlineFebruary&gt;{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr |first1=Mike |title=A Third Robin Hood Script Enters The Fray; This By King Arthur Scribe Joby Harold |url=https://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629041922/http://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |archive-date=June 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[رابین هود (فیلم ۲۰۱۸)|رابین هود]]''
|Robin Hood&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|title=DiCaprio, Blum, King Team for Haunted House Pic|work=[[ورایتی|Variety (magazine)]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=January 29, 2014|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082755/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[کوشش: شوکاسکی زندگی و گوم‌بئی هنر ]]''
| Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|title=Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski|access-date=October 17, 2019|publisher=[[جشنواره بین‌المللی فیلم مستند آمستردام|International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]]|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017094823/https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015 
|[[رونانت|وردگاردسته]]
|{{به انگلیسی|The Revenant}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/16/leonardo-dicaprio-the-revenant-alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu|title=Leonardo DiCaprio will make his return in The Revenant|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=April 16, 2014|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Child|first=Ben}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|گلس
|[[آلخاندرو گونزالز اینیاریتو]]
|
|-
|2014 
|وایرونگا
|{{به انگلیسی|Virunga}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/virunga-on-netflix-leonardo-dicaprio-hopes-to-save-one-of-the-last-pristine-places-on-earth-with-moving-gorilla-documentary-9854259.html|title=Virunga on Netflix: Leonardo DiCaprio hopes to save 'one of the last pristine places on Earth' with moving gorilla documentary |work=[[ایندیپندنت|The Independent]]|publisher=Independent Print Limited|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=January 21, 2015|last=Hooton|first=Christopher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اورلاندو ون اینسیدل]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 | 2013 
|'' [[ولف آف وال استریت|وال استریت ِورگ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Wolf of Wall Street}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/449945/The-Wolf-of-Wall-Street/details|title=The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جردن بلفورت]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[اوت آف فورنیس|خارج از کوره]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Out of the Furnace}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/movies/out-of-the-furnace-with-christian-bale.html?_r=0|title=Fraternal Ties, of Gut and Sinew|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 3, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اسکات کوپر]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[رانر رانر|رانر رانر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Runner Runner}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/runner-runner/review/635628|title=Runner Runner: Film Review|work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=September 25, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=McCarthy|first=Todd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[برد فرمن]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[گریت گتسبی|گت ِگتسبی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Great Gatsby}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-great-gatsby-review-1200447930/|title=Film Review: ‘The Great Gatsby’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Foundas|first=Scott|date=May 5, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جی گتسبی]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|2012
|'' [[جنگو آنچیند|جنگوی آزاد شده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Django Unchained}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/26/entertainment/la-et-mn-django-unchained-quentin-tarantino-movie-reviews-critics-20121225|title='Django Unchained' a brazen, bloody spectacle, critics say|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|کلوین کندی
|[[کوئنتین تارانتینو]]
|
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2011 
|'' [[جی. ادگار]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|J.Edgar}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-j-edgar-hoover-clint-eastwood-reviews-258802|title=Leonardo DiCaprio As J. Edgar Hoover: What The Critics Think |work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=November 8, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Schutte|first=Lauren}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جان ادگار هوور]]
|[[کلینت ایستوود]]
|
|-
|'' [[آیدز آف مارچ|نیمه ماه مارس]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Ides of March}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/451477/The-Ides-of-March/credits|title=The Ides of March (2011) – Production Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جرج کلونی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|'' [[رد ردینگ هود|گردش شنل‌قرمزی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Red Riding Hood}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/movies/red-riding-hood-with-amanda-seyfried-review.html|title=The Girl Who Sighed Wolf|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=March 10, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کاترین هاردویک]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2010 
|''[[اینسپشن|تلقین]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Inception}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jul/18/inception-film-review-philip-french|title=Inception: Film Review|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=July 18, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=French|first=Philip}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دام کاب
|[[کریستوفر نولان]]
|
|-
|''[[هابل تری‌دی|هادبل ۳بعدی]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی| Hubble 3D}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/hubble-3d-1117942392/|title=Review: ‘Hubble 3D’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=March 14, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&quot;راوی&quot;
|[[تونی مایرز]]
|
|-
|''[[ شاتر ایسلند|جزیره شاتر]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Shutter Island}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/shutter-island-2010|title=Shutter Island Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (2010)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=February 17, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ادوارد دنیلز
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2009
|''[[اورفن|یتیم]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Orphan}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/452043/Orphan/details|title=Orphan (2009)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جوآم کولت-سرا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2008 
|''[[رولوشنری رود|انقلابی جاده ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Revolutionary Road}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/revolutionary-road-2008|title=Revolutionary Road Movie Review (2008)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فرانک ویلر
|[[سم مندز]]
|
|-
|''[[بادی آف لایز|مجموعه دروها]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Body of Lies}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/nov/21/body-of-lies-ridley-scott|title=Film review: Body of Lies|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=November 21, 2008|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|راجر فریس
|[[ریدلی اسکات]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2007 
|''[[گاردنر آف ادن|بهشت باغون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gardener of Eden}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/360959/Gardener-of-Eden/overview|title=Gardener of Eden (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Buchanan|first=Jason}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کوین کانلی (بازیگر)|کوین کانلی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|''یازدهمین ساعت''
|{{به انگلیسی|The 11th Hour}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/17/movies/17hour.html?_r=0|title=The 11th Hour (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=August 17, 2007|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| &quot;راوی&quot;
|[[نادیا کانرز]] و [[لیلا کانرز پترسن]]
| تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2006 
|''[[بلاد دیاموند|الماس خونین]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Blood Diamond}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richardroeper.com/reviews/blooddiamond.aspx|title=Blood Diamond Review|publisher=Richard Roeper|last=Roeper|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Roeper|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دنی آرچر
|[[ادوارد زوئیک]]
|
|-
|''[[دی‍پارتد|جا بموندسته]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Departed}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/movies/06depa.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|title=Scorsese’s Hall of Mirrors, Littered With Bloody Deceit|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=October 6, 2006|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|بیلی کاستیگان
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2004 
|''ریچارد نیکسون ترور ''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Assassination of Richard Nixon}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304506/The-Assassination-of-Richard-Nixon/credits|title=The Assassination of Richard Nixon|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[نیلس مولر]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|''[[اویاتر|هوانورد]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Aviator}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/287834/The-Aviator/cast|title=The Aviator (2004) – Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[هاوارد هیوز]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2002 
|''[[کچ می آف یو کن|اگه میتونی منو بگیر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Catch Me If You Can}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Holiday-Movies-Sit-back-and-enjoy-his-flight-2743359.php|title=Holiday Movies / Sit back and enjoy his flight / DiCaprio tries to stay one step ahead of the law in Spielberg's lighthearted 'Catch Me If You Can'|work=[[سان‌فرانسیسکو کرونیکل|San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[هرست کورپوریشن|Hearst Corporation]]|date=December 25, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[فرانک ابگنیل]]
|[[استیون اسپیلبرگ]]
|
|-
|''[[گنگز آف نیویورک|نیویورکی گانگسترون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gangs of New York}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gangs-of-new-york-2002|title=Gangs of New York Movie Review (2002)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 20, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Ebert|first=Roger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آمستردام والن
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2001
|دونز پلام
|{{به انگلیسی|Don's Plum}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/don-s-plum-1200466817/|title=Review: ‘Don’s Plum’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Cockrell|first=Eddie|date=February 12, 2001|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|درک
|[[ر.د. راب]]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[بیچ|ساحل]]''
| {{به انگلیسی|The Beach}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181889/The-Beach/details|title=The Beach (2000)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ریچارد
|[[دنی بویل]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1998 
|''[[سلبریتی|شهرت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Celebrity}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/celebrity-1998|title=Celebrity Movie Review &amp; Film Summary|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 20, 1998|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|براندون دارو
|[[وودی آلن]]
|
|-
|''[[من این آیرون ماسک|مردی آهنی ماسک جه]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The man in the iron mask}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/160668/The-Man-in-the-Iron-Mask/cast|title=The Man in the Iron Mask|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[لویی چهاردهم]]
|[[رندل والاس]]
|
|-
|1997
|''[[تایتانیک (فیلم)|تایتانیک]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Titanic}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|title=Titanic Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (1997)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=December 19, 1997|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جک داوسن
|[[جیمز کامرون]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1996 
|''[[ماروینز روم]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Marvin's Room}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/marvin-s-room-2-1117436693/|title=Review: 'Marvin’s Room'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=December 14, 1996|last=Levy|first=Emanuel|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|هنک
|[[جری زکس]]
|
|-
|''[[رومئو و ژولیت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Romeo+juliet}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/william-shakespeare-s-romeo-juliet-1200447070/|title=Review: 'William Shakespeare’s Romeo &amp; Juliet'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=October 27, 1996|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[رومئو]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4 | 1995 
|''[[توتال اکلیپس|کسوف کامل]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Total Eclipse}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-11-03/entertainment/ca-64257_1_eclipse-poet-rimbaud|title=Movie Review : 'Eclipse' a Grim Tale of Licentious Poets|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=November 3, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Turan|first=Kenneth}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[آرتور رمبو]]
|[[آگنیشکا هولاند]]
|
|-
|''[[بسکتبال دایریز|بسکتبال خاطرات ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Basketball Diaries}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE1DC1F39F932A15757C0A963958260|title=The Basketball Diaries (1995) Film Review; Looking for Poetry In All the Wrong Places|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=April 21, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جیم کرول]]
|[[اسکات کالورت]]
|
|-
|''[[کوییک اند دید|برنده و بازنده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The quike and the dead}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-quick-and-the-dead-1995|title=The Quick and the Dead Movie Review (1995)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=February 10, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فی هرود «بچه»
|[[سام ریمی]]
|
|-
|''[[هاندرد اند وان نایتز|هزار و یک شب]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|One Hundred and One Nights}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/133605/One-Hundred-and-One-Nights/cast|title=One Hundred and One Nights – Full Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|[[آنیس واردا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1993 
|''[[واتز ایتینگ گیلبرت گریپ|چچی گیلبرت گریپ ره خانّه؟]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|What's Eating Gilbert Grape}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE0D61631F934A25751C1A965958260|title=Review/Film; Johnny Depp as a Soulful Outsider|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 17, 1993|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آرنی گریپ
|[[لاسه هالستروم]]
|
|-
|''[[دیس بویز لایف|زندگی این پسر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|This Boy's Life}}
|توبی ولف
|[[مایکل کتون-جونز]]
|
|-
|1992
|''[[پیسون ایوی|پیچک سمی (فیلم ۱۹۹۲)]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Poison Ivy}} 
|شخص
|کت شی
|
|-
|1991
|''[[کریترز ۳|مخلوق ۳]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Critters 3}} |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ferguson|first=John|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/w9tc/critters-3|title=Critters 3|work=[[Radio Times]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جاش
|[[کریستین پیترسون]]
|
|}

== پانویس ==
{{پانویس|۲|چپ‌چین=بله}}

== منابع ==
{{ویکی‌انبار-رده|Leonardo DiCaprio}}
{{ترتیب پیش‌فرض|دی‌کاپریو لئوناردو}}

[[رج:لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو| ]]
[[رج:امریکا بازیگرون]]
[[رج:زننه آدمون]]
[[رج:گت مردمون لس آنجلس]]
[[رج:آمریکای آلمانی‌تبارون]]</text>
      <sha1>1y9fskwqa4oumevjj6jfhfelrg42r9k</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392093</id>
      <parentid>392092</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:36:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* فیلموگرافی */</comment>
      <origin>392093</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29833" sha1="3q21tibph2i8vaql3e42ls8tim2nszq" xml:space="preserve">{{جعبه بازیگر
| نام                    = لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو
| تصویر                  = Leonardo DiCaprio June 2014.jpg
| نام اصلی               = '''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو'''&lt;ref&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نویسنده = |نشانی= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-DiCaprio|عنوان= Leonardo DiCaprio - Britannica.com| ناشر = |تاریخ = |تاریخ بازبینی=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | توضیح تصویر           = دی‌کاپریو سال ۲۰۱۴ گادِر
| زمینه فعالیت           = بازیگر، تهیه کننده
| ملیت                   =
| تاریخ تولد             = {{تولد و سن|۱۹۷۴|۱۱|۱۱}}
| محل تولد               = [[هالیوود]]، [[کالیفورنیا]]، [[آمریکا]]
| والدین                 = [[جورج دی کاپریو]] و [[ارمهاین ایندربرکن]]
| تاریخ مرگ              =
| محل مرگ                =
| محل زندگی              =
| مختصات محل زندگی       =
| مدفن                   =
| نام دیگر               =
| پیشه                   =
| سال‌های فعالیت          = ۱۹۸۹ - تاسا
| همسر                    =
| فرزندان                =
| تأثیرات                =
| تأثیرپذیرفته           =
| وبگاه                  = www.leonardodicaprio.com
| imdb_id                = 0000138
| جوایز اسکار            =
| جوایز آفی              =
| جایزه اریل             =
| جوایز بافتا            =
| جوایز سزار             =
| جوایز امی              =
| filmfareawards         =
| جوایز جمینای           =
| جوایز گلدن گلوب        = نقش اولی و...
| جوایز تمشک طلایی        =
| جوایز گویا             =
| جوایز گرمی             =
| جوایز ایفتا            =
| جوایز لورنس الیور      =
| naacpimageawards       =
| جوایز فیلم ملی         =
| جوایز ساگه             =
| جوایز تونی             =
| جوایز                  =
}}

'''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو''' {{انگلیسی جه|Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio}} اتا [[آمریکایی]] بازیگر هسته که [[هالیوود]] دله کار کانده.

وه چندین بار [[اوسکار]] دله کاندیدا بیّه و [[رونانت]] فیلم وسّه اتا جایزه هم بوِرده. وه خله محیط زیست وسّه هم تلاش دانّه و [[متحد ملل سازمان]] وه ره زیستِ سفیر بنومسته.

== بیوگرافی ==
لئوناردو، [[۱۱ نوامبر]] [[۱۹۷۴ (میلادی)|۱۹۷۴]] [[کالیفورنیا]]ي [[لس‌آنجلس]] دله دنیا بموپه. ونه پییر '''جورج دی کاپریو''' نویسنده و ونه مار '''ارمهاین ایندربرکن''' و ماجان '''هلنا ایندربرکن''' بینه که معروفیتی داشتنه. ونه تیر-و-تبار [[ایتالیا]] و [[آلمان]] جه رسنه و سه/چاروم دی کپریو [[آلمان|آلمانی]] هسته. ونه نوم ره [[لئوناردو داوینچی]] جه بییتنه. ونه مار و پییر هدی جه ونه ات سالگی گادِر سیوا بَیینه و وه شه مار همراهی فقر جه گت بیّه.

لئوناردو سال [[۱۹۸۹ (میلادی)|۱۹۸۹]] '''گری بکمن''' نقش ره اتا سریال دله داشته و [[۱۹۹۳ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۳]] اتا نقش دومی ره خوب بازی هاکرده. همون سال اتا معلول ذهنی نقش ره [[واتس ایت گیلبرت گریپ]] دله داشته که [[جانی دپ]] هم اون فیلم دله دیّه. وه این فیلم جه [[اوسکار]] کاندیدا بیّه درحالیکه فقط نوزّه سال داشته. سال [[۱۹۹۶ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۶]] دی‌کاپریو رومئو نقش ره [[رومئو و ژولیت]] (اثر [[شکسپیر]]) دله بییته ونقره ای خرس  ره برلین دله بییته. ونه بتترین اثر [[تایتانیک]] ([[۱۹۹۷ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۷]]) بی‌یه که وه ره معروف هاکرده.

[[پرونده:Leo Scor Diaz(GangsofNY)-.jpg|بندانگشتی|راست|250px|لئوناردو دی کاپریو، [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] و [[کامرون دیاز]]؛ سال ۲۰۰۲]]
وه بعد تایتانیک دِتا فیلم دله بازی هاکرده که خله نخاش بینه و وه بائوته که خله سخته دِباره اوج جه برسه. ولی سال [[۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)|۲۰۰۲]] دی‌کاپیرو دِتا فیلم [[کچ می ایف یو کن]]&lt;ref&gt;Catch me if you can&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[استیون اسپیلبرگ]] و [[گانگز آف نیویورک]]&lt;ref&gt;Gangs of New York&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] ره بازی هاکرده که دِباره وه ره مجلات ِتیتر هاکردنه. وه [[آویاتور]] فیلم دله [[هاوارد هیوز]] ِرول ره بَییته و این نقش وسّه اوسکار ِنقش اولون ِکاندیدا بیّه. دی‌کاپریو انده اسکورسیزی وسّه فیلم بازی هاکرده که گانّه ونه وسّه [[رابرت دنیرو]] جا ره بَییته.

{{-}}
== فیلموگرافی ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! سال
! فیلم ِنوم ِمعنی
! فیلم ِنوم
! نقش
! کارگردون
! توضیحات
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۹
| ''[[فرمول ای]]''
| Formula E&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/|work=Variety|title=Toronto Film Review: 'And We Go Green'|date=September 10, 2019|access-date=December 23, 2020|last=Tobias|first=Scott|archive-date=19 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119110146/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[آیس آن فایر|تش دله یخ]]''
| Ice on Fire
| راوی (صدا)
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|title=Film Review: 'Ice on Fire'|work=Variety|date=June 11, 2019|access-date=September 25, 2019|last=Weissberg|first=Jay|archive-date=September 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913093410/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[روزی روزگاری در هالیوود]]''
| Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
| {{Sort|دالتون|ریک دالتون}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|title=Brad Pitt, Leonardo DiCaprio to Star in Quentin Tarantino's Sharon Tate Drama|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 28, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018|last=Kit|first=Borys|archive-date=June 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616191354/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[ریچارد جول (فیلم)|ریچارد جول]]''
| Richard Jewell&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|work=Variety|date=September 27, 2019|last=McNary|first=Dave|title=Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Gets Awards Season Release|access-date=October 17, 2019|archive-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210857/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ۲۰۱۸
| ''[[دلیریوم|شفت‌بئی]]''
| Delirium&lt;ref name=DeadlineFebruary&gt;{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr |first1=Mike |title=A Third Robin Hood Script Enters The Fray; This By King Arthur Scribe Joby Harold |url=https://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629041922/http://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |archive-date=June 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[رابین هود (فیلم ۲۰۱۸)|رابین هود]]''
|Robin Hood&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|title=DiCaprio, Blum, King Team for Haunted House Pic|work=[[ورایتی|Variety (magazine)]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=January 29, 2014|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082755/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[کوشش: شوکاسکی زندگی و گوم‌بئی هنر ]]''
| Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|title=Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski|access-date=October 17, 2019|publisher=[[جشنواره بین‌المللی فیلم مستند آمستردام|International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]]|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017094823/https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۶
| ''[[کچینگ د سان|خورشید ره بیتن]]''
|Catching the Sun &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/80061161?trackId=14277281&amp;tctx=0,0,a4744c08-ea15-49c6-82c4-30c5c5fd6a64-186980413,,|title=Catching the Sun|publisher=Netflix|access-date=September 19, 2018}}{{پیوند مرده|date=نوامبر ۲۰۲۲ |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
| 
|-
| ''[[پیش از سیل]]''
| Before the Flood
| شه
| 
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |title='Before the Flood': Leonardo DiCaprio's Toughest Role Yet |work=[[Men's Journal]] |first=Charles |last=Thorp |access-date=November 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104074836/http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |archive-date=November 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[بازی عاج]]''
| The Ivory Game &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |title='The Ivory Game' Telluride Review: Urgent Documentary About Elephant Killing Is a Roar for Action |publisher=[[درپ|TheWrap]] |date=September 2, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2016 |last=Abele |first=Robert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008203930/http://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[تا شب زنده بمان (فیلم)|تا شو زنده بموند]]''
| Live by Night &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |title=Ben Affleck And Warner Bros Set Next Film: Dennis Lehane Crime Novel 'Live By Night' |website=[[ددلاین هالیوود]] |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819050428/http://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015 
|[[رونانت|وردگاردسته]]
|{{به انگلیسی|The Revenant}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/16/leonardo-dicaprio-the-revenant-alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu|title=Leonardo DiCaprio will make his return in The Revenant|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=April 16, 2014|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Child|first=Ben}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|گلس
|[[آلخاندرو گونزالز اینیاریتو]]
|
|-
|2014 
|وایرونگا
|{{به انگلیسی|Virunga}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/virunga-on-netflix-leonardo-dicaprio-hopes-to-save-one-of-the-last-pristine-places-on-earth-with-moving-gorilla-documentary-9854259.html|title=Virunga on Netflix: Leonardo DiCaprio hopes to save 'one of the last pristine places on Earth' with moving gorilla documentary |work=[[ایندیپندنت|The Independent]]|publisher=Independent Print Limited|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=January 21, 2015|last=Hooton|first=Christopher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اورلاندو ون اینسیدل]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 | 2013 
|'' [[ولف آف وال استریت|وال استریت ِورگ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Wolf of Wall Street}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/449945/The-Wolf-of-Wall-Street/details|title=The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جردن بلفورت]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[اوت آف فورنیس|خارج از کوره]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Out of the Furnace}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/movies/out-of-the-furnace-with-christian-bale.html?_r=0|title=Fraternal Ties, of Gut and Sinew|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 3, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اسکات کوپر]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[رانر رانر|رانر رانر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Runner Runner}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/runner-runner/review/635628|title=Runner Runner: Film Review|work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=September 25, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=McCarthy|first=Todd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[برد فرمن]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[گریت گتسبی|گت ِگتسبی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Great Gatsby}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-great-gatsby-review-1200447930/|title=Film Review: ‘The Great Gatsby’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Foundas|first=Scott|date=May 5, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جی گتسبی]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|2012
|'' [[جنگو آنچیند|جنگوی آزاد شده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Django Unchained}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/26/entertainment/la-et-mn-django-unchained-quentin-tarantino-movie-reviews-critics-20121225|title='Django Unchained' a brazen, bloody spectacle, critics say|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|کلوین کندی
|[[کوئنتین تارانتینو]]
|
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2011 
|'' [[جی. ادگار]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|J.Edgar}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-j-edgar-hoover-clint-eastwood-reviews-258802|title=Leonardo DiCaprio As J. Edgar Hoover: What The Critics Think |work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=November 8, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Schutte|first=Lauren}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جان ادگار هوور]]
|[[کلینت ایستوود]]
|
|-
|'' [[آیدز آف مارچ|نیمه ماه مارس]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Ides of March}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/451477/The-Ides-of-March/credits|title=The Ides of March (2011) – Production Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جرج کلونی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|'' [[رد ردینگ هود|گردش شنل‌قرمزی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Red Riding Hood}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/movies/red-riding-hood-with-amanda-seyfried-review.html|title=The Girl Who Sighed Wolf|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=March 10, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کاترین هاردویک]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2010 
|''[[اینسپشن|تلقین]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Inception}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jul/18/inception-film-review-philip-french|title=Inception: Film Review|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=July 18, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=French|first=Philip}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دام کاب
|[[کریستوفر نولان]]
|
|-
|''[[هابل تری‌دی|هادبل ۳بعدی]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی| Hubble 3D}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/hubble-3d-1117942392/|title=Review: ‘Hubble 3D’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=March 14, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&quot;راوی&quot;
|[[تونی مایرز]]
|
|-
|''[[ شاتر ایسلند|جزیره شاتر]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Shutter Island}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/shutter-island-2010|title=Shutter Island Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (2010)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=February 17, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ادوارد دنیلز
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2009
|''[[اورفن|یتیم]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Orphan}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/452043/Orphan/details|title=Orphan (2009)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جوآم کولت-سرا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2008 
|''[[رولوشنری رود|انقلابی جاده ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Revolutionary Road}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/revolutionary-road-2008|title=Revolutionary Road Movie Review (2008)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فرانک ویلر
|[[سم مندز]]
|
|-
|''[[بادی آف لایز|مجموعه دروها]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Body of Lies}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/nov/21/body-of-lies-ridley-scott|title=Film review: Body of Lies|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=November 21, 2008|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|راجر فریس
|[[ریدلی اسکات]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2007 
|''[[گاردنر آف ادن|بهشت باغون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gardener of Eden}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/360959/Gardener-of-Eden/overview|title=Gardener of Eden (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Buchanan|first=Jason}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کوین کانلی (بازیگر)|کوین کانلی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|''یازدهمین ساعت''
|{{به انگلیسی|The 11th Hour}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/17/movies/17hour.html?_r=0|title=The 11th Hour (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=August 17, 2007|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| &quot;راوی&quot;
|[[نادیا کانرز]] و [[لیلا کانرز پترسن]]
| تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2006 
|''[[بلاد دیاموند|الماس خونین]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Blood Diamond}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richardroeper.com/reviews/blooddiamond.aspx|title=Blood Diamond Review|publisher=Richard Roeper|last=Roeper|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Roeper|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دنی آرچر
|[[ادوارد زوئیک]]
|
|-
|''[[دی‍پارتد|جا بموندسته]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Departed}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/movies/06depa.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|title=Scorsese’s Hall of Mirrors, Littered With Bloody Deceit|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=October 6, 2006|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|بیلی کاستیگان
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2004 
|''ریچارد نیکسون ترور ''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Assassination of Richard Nixon}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304506/The-Assassination-of-Richard-Nixon/credits|title=The Assassination of Richard Nixon|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[نیلس مولر]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|''[[اویاتر|هوانورد]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Aviator}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/287834/The-Aviator/cast|title=The Aviator (2004) – Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[هاوارد هیوز]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2002 
|''[[کچ می آف یو کن|اگه میتونی منو بگیر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Catch Me If You Can}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Holiday-Movies-Sit-back-and-enjoy-his-flight-2743359.php|title=Holiday Movies / Sit back and enjoy his flight / DiCaprio tries to stay one step ahead of the law in Spielberg's lighthearted 'Catch Me If You Can'|work=[[سان‌فرانسیسکو کرونیکل|San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[هرست کورپوریشن|Hearst Corporation]]|date=December 25, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[فرانک ابگنیل]]
|[[استیون اسپیلبرگ]]
|
|-
|''[[گنگز آف نیویورک|نیویورکی گانگسترون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gangs of New York}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gangs-of-new-york-2002|title=Gangs of New York Movie Review (2002)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 20, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Ebert|first=Roger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آمستردام والن
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2001
|دونز پلام
|{{به انگلیسی|Don's Plum}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/don-s-plum-1200466817/|title=Review: ‘Don’s Plum’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Cockrell|first=Eddie|date=February 12, 2001|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|درک
|[[ر.د. راب]]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[بیچ|ساحل]]''
| {{به انگلیسی|The Beach}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181889/The-Beach/details|title=The Beach (2000)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ریچارد
|[[دنی بویل]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1998 
|''[[سلبریتی|شهرت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Celebrity}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/celebrity-1998|title=Celebrity Movie Review &amp; Film Summary|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 20, 1998|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|براندون دارو
|[[وودی آلن]]
|
|-
|''[[من این آیرون ماسک|مردی آهنی ماسک جه]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The man in the iron mask}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/160668/The-Man-in-the-Iron-Mask/cast|title=The Man in the Iron Mask|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[لویی چهاردهم]]
|[[رندل والاس]]
|
|-
|1997
|''[[تایتانیک (فیلم)|تایتانیک]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Titanic}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|title=Titanic Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (1997)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=December 19, 1997|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جک داوسن
|[[جیمز کامرون]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1996 
|''[[ماروینز روم]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Marvin's Room}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/marvin-s-room-2-1117436693/|title=Review: 'Marvin’s Room'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=December 14, 1996|last=Levy|first=Emanuel|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|هنک
|[[جری زکس]]
|
|-
|''[[رومئو و ژولیت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Romeo+juliet}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/william-shakespeare-s-romeo-juliet-1200447070/|title=Review: 'William Shakespeare’s Romeo &amp; Juliet'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=October 27, 1996|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[رومئو]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4 | 1995 
|''[[توتال اکلیپس|کسوف کامل]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Total Eclipse}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-11-03/entertainment/ca-64257_1_eclipse-poet-rimbaud|title=Movie Review : 'Eclipse' a Grim Tale of Licentious Poets|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=November 3, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Turan|first=Kenneth}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[آرتور رمبو]]
|[[آگنیشکا هولاند]]
|
|-
|''[[بسکتبال دایریز|بسکتبال خاطرات ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Basketball Diaries}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE1DC1F39F932A15757C0A963958260|title=The Basketball Diaries (1995) Film Review; Looking for Poetry In All the Wrong Places|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=April 21, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جیم کرول]]
|[[اسکات کالورت]]
|
|-
|''[[کوییک اند دید|برنده و بازنده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The quike and the dead}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-quick-and-the-dead-1995|title=The Quick and the Dead Movie Review (1995)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=February 10, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فی هرود «بچه»
|[[سام ریمی]]
|
|-
|''[[هاندرد اند وان نایتز|هزار و یک شب]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|One Hundred and One Nights}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/133605/One-Hundred-and-One-Nights/cast|title=One Hundred and One Nights – Full Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|[[آنیس واردا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1993 
|''[[واتز ایتینگ گیلبرت گریپ|چچی گیلبرت گریپ ره خانّه؟]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|What's Eating Gilbert Grape}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE0D61631F934A25751C1A965958260|title=Review/Film; Johnny Depp as a Soulful Outsider|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 17, 1993|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آرنی گریپ
|[[لاسه هالستروم]]
|
|-
|''[[دیس بویز لایف|زندگی این پسر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|This Boy's Life}}
|توبی ولف
|[[مایکل کتون-جونز]]
|
|-
|1992
|''[[پیسون ایوی|پیچک سمی (فیلم ۱۹۹۲)]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Poison Ivy}} 
|شخص
|کت شی
|
|-
|1991
|''[[کریترز ۳|مخلوق ۳]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Critters 3}} |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ferguson|first=John|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/w9tc/critters-3|title=Critters 3|work=[[Radio Times]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جاش
|[[کریستین پیترسون]]
|
|}

== پانویس ==
{{پانویس|۲|چپ‌چین=بله}}

== منابع ==
{{ویکی‌انبار-رده|Leonardo DiCaprio}}
{{ترتیب پیش‌فرض|دی‌کاپریو لئوناردو}}

[[رج:لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو| ]]
[[رج:امریکا بازیگرون]]
[[رج:زننه آدمون]]
[[رج:گت مردمون لس آنجلس]]
[[رج:آمریکای آلمانی‌تبارون]]</text>
      <sha1>3q21tibph2i8vaql3e42ls8tim2nszq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392094</id>
      <parentid>392093</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:41:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* فیلموگرافی */</comment>
      <origin>392094</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31877" sha1="857rac8syg9v8t1qkkqort5uthmr0oe" xml:space="preserve">{{جعبه بازیگر
| نام                    = لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو
| تصویر                  = Leonardo DiCaprio June 2014.jpg
| نام اصلی               = '''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو'''&lt;ref&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نویسنده = |نشانی= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-DiCaprio|عنوان= Leonardo DiCaprio - Britannica.com| ناشر = |تاریخ = |تاریخ بازبینی=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | توضیح تصویر           = دی‌کاپریو سال ۲۰۱۴ گادِر
| زمینه فعالیت           = بازیگر، تهیه کننده
| ملیت                   =
| تاریخ تولد             = {{تولد و سن|۱۹۷۴|۱۱|۱۱}}
| محل تولد               = [[هالیوود]]، [[کالیفورنیا]]، [[آمریکا]]
| والدین                 = [[جورج دی کاپریو]] و [[ارمهاین ایندربرکن]]
| تاریخ مرگ              =
| محل مرگ                =
| محل زندگی              =
| مختصات محل زندگی       =
| مدفن                   =
| نام دیگر               =
| پیشه                   =
| سال‌های فعالیت          = ۱۹۸۹ - تاسا
| همسر                    =
| فرزندان                =
| تأثیرات                =
| تأثیرپذیرفته           =
| وبگاه                  = www.leonardodicaprio.com
| imdb_id                = 0000138
| جوایز اسکار            =
| جوایز آفی              =
| جایزه اریل             =
| جوایز بافتا            =
| جوایز سزار             =
| جوایز امی              =
| filmfareawards         =
| جوایز جمینای           =
| جوایز گلدن گلوب        = نقش اولی و...
| جوایز تمشک طلایی        =
| جوایز گویا             =
| جوایز گرمی             =
| جوایز ایفتا            =
| جوایز لورنس الیور      =
| naacpimageawards       =
| جوایز فیلم ملی         =
| جوایز ساگه             =
| جوایز تونی             =
| جوایز                  =
}}

'''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو''' {{انگلیسی جه|Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio}} اتا [[آمریکایی]] بازیگر هسته که [[هالیوود]] دله کار کانده.

وه چندین بار [[اوسکار]] دله کاندیدا بیّه و [[رونانت]] فیلم وسّه اتا جایزه هم بوِرده. وه خله محیط زیست وسّه هم تلاش دانّه و [[متحد ملل سازمان]] وه ره زیستِ سفیر بنومسته.

== بیوگرافی ==
لئوناردو، [[۱۱ نوامبر]] [[۱۹۷۴ (میلادی)|۱۹۷۴]] [[کالیفورنیا]]ي [[لس‌آنجلس]] دله دنیا بموپه. ونه پییر '''جورج دی کاپریو''' نویسنده و ونه مار '''ارمهاین ایندربرکن''' و ماجان '''هلنا ایندربرکن''' بینه که معروفیتی داشتنه. ونه تیر-و-تبار [[ایتالیا]] و [[آلمان]] جه رسنه و سه/چاروم دی کپریو [[آلمان|آلمانی]] هسته. ونه نوم ره [[لئوناردو داوینچی]] جه بییتنه. ونه مار و پییر هدی جه ونه ات سالگی گادِر سیوا بَیینه و وه شه مار همراهی فقر جه گت بیّه.

لئوناردو سال [[۱۹۸۹ (میلادی)|۱۹۸۹]] '''گری بکمن''' نقش ره اتا سریال دله داشته و [[۱۹۹۳ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۳]] اتا نقش دومی ره خوب بازی هاکرده. همون سال اتا معلول ذهنی نقش ره [[واتس ایت گیلبرت گریپ]] دله داشته که [[جانی دپ]] هم اون فیلم دله دیّه. وه این فیلم جه [[اوسکار]] کاندیدا بیّه درحالیکه فقط نوزّه سال داشته. سال [[۱۹۹۶ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۶]] دی‌کاپریو رومئو نقش ره [[رومئو و ژولیت]] (اثر [[شکسپیر]]) دله بییته ونقره ای خرس  ره برلین دله بییته. ونه بتترین اثر [[تایتانیک]] ([[۱۹۹۷ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۷]]) بی‌یه که وه ره معروف هاکرده.

[[پرونده:Leo Scor Diaz(GangsofNY)-.jpg|بندانگشتی|راست|250px|لئوناردو دی کاپریو، [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] و [[کامرون دیاز]]؛ سال ۲۰۰۲]]
وه بعد تایتانیک دِتا فیلم دله بازی هاکرده که خله نخاش بینه و وه بائوته که خله سخته دِباره اوج جه برسه. ولی سال [[۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)|۲۰۰۲]] دی‌کاپیرو دِتا فیلم [[کچ می ایف یو کن]]&lt;ref&gt;Catch me if you can&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[استیون اسپیلبرگ]] و [[گانگز آف نیویورک]]&lt;ref&gt;Gangs of New York&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] ره بازی هاکرده که دِباره وه ره مجلات ِتیتر هاکردنه. وه [[آویاتور]] فیلم دله [[هاوارد هیوز]] ِرول ره بَییته و این نقش وسّه اوسکار ِنقش اولون ِکاندیدا بیّه. دی‌کاپریو انده اسکورسیزی وسّه فیلم بازی هاکرده که گانّه ونه وسّه [[رابرت دنیرو]] جا ره بَییته.

{{-}}
== فیلموگرافی ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! سال
! فیلم ِنوم ِمعنی
! فیلم ِنوم
! نقش
! کارگردون
! توضیحات
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[کید ۹۰|وچه ۹۰]]''
| Kid 90
|
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/soleil-moon-frye-to-give-never-before-seen-look-at-90s-hollywood-with-kid-90-documentary-for-hulu-exclusive|title=Soleil Moon Frye to Give Never-Before-Seen Look at '90s Hollywood With 'KID 90' Documentary for Hulu (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Chris|last=Gardner|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=February 11, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[تینارترین وال: ۵۲ چرخه‌تو]]''
| The Loneliest Whale: The Search for 52
| 
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/video/the-loneliest-whale-trailer-52-hertz-whale-documentary-release-date/|title='The Loneliest Whale' Trailer: Happy World Oceans Day From 52|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Patrick|last=Hipes|date=June 8, 2021|access-date=June 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[فین (2021 فیلم)|فین]]''
| Fin
| 
| 
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/eli-roth-directing-shark-documentary-fin-discovery-plus-leonardo-dicaprio-1235004380/|title=Eli Roth Directing Shark Documentary 'Fin' for Discovery Plus (Exclusive)|work=[[Variety (magazine)]]|first=Brent|last=Lang|date=June 24, 2021|access-date=June 24, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[دونت لوک آپ|بالا ره نِش]]'' 
| Don't Look Up
| {{Sortname|دکتر رندال|میندی|nolink=۱}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up|title=Leonardo DiCaprio, Meryl Streep Join Jennifer Lawrence in Adam McKay's 'Don’t Look Up'|website=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Borys|last=Kit|date=October 14, 2020|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=17 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117102221/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۹
| ''[[فرمول ای]]''
| Formula E&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/|work=Variety|title=Toronto Film Review: 'And We Go Green'|date=September 10, 2019|access-date=December 23, 2020|last=Tobias|first=Scott|archive-date=19 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119110146/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[آیس آن فایر|تش دله یخ]]''
| Ice on Fire
| راوی (صدا)
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|title=Film Review: 'Ice on Fire'|work=Variety|date=June 11, 2019|access-date=September 25, 2019|last=Weissberg|first=Jay|archive-date=September 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913093410/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[روزی روزگاری در هالیوود]]''
| Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
| {{Sort|دالتون|ریک دالتون}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|title=Brad Pitt, Leonardo DiCaprio to Star in Quentin Tarantino's Sharon Tate Drama|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 28, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018|last=Kit|first=Borys|archive-date=June 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616191354/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[ریچارد جول (فیلم)|ریچارد جول]]''
| Richard Jewell&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|work=Variety|date=September 27, 2019|last=McNary|first=Dave|title=Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Gets Awards Season Release|access-date=October 17, 2019|archive-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210857/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ۲۰۱۸
| ''[[دلیریوم|شفت‌بئی]]''
| Delirium&lt;ref name=DeadlineFebruary&gt;{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr |first1=Mike |title=A Third Robin Hood Script Enters The Fray; This By King Arthur Scribe Joby Harold |url=https://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629041922/http://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |archive-date=June 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[رابین هود (فیلم ۲۰۱۸)|رابین هود]]''
|Robin Hood&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|title=DiCaprio, Blum, King Team for Haunted House Pic|work=[[ورایتی|Variety (magazine)]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=January 29, 2014|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082755/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[کوشش: شوکاسکی زندگی و گوم‌بئی هنر ]]''
| Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|title=Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski|access-date=October 17, 2019|publisher=[[جشنواره بین‌المللی فیلم مستند آمستردام|International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]]|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017094823/https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۶
| ''[[کچینگ د سان|خورشید ره بیتن]]''
|Catching the Sun &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/80061161?trackId=14277281&amp;tctx=0,0,a4744c08-ea15-49c6-82c4-30c5c5fd6a64-186980413,,|title=Catching the Sun|publisher=Netflix|access-date=September 19, 2018}}{{پیوند مرده|date=نوامبر ۲۰۲۲ |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
| 
|-
| ''[[پیش از سیل]]''
| Before the Flood
| شه
| 
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |title='Before the Flood': Leonardo DiCaprio's Toughest Role Yet |work=[[Men's Journal]] |first=Charles |last=Thorp |access-date=November 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104074836/http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |archive-date=November 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[بازی عاج]]''
| The Ivory Game &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |title='The Ivory Game' Telluride Review: Urgent Documentary About Elephant Killing Is a Roar for Action |publisher=[[درپ|TheWrap]] |date=September 2, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2016 |last=Abele |first=Robert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008203930/http://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[تا شب زنده بمان (فیلم)|تا شو زنده بموند]]''
| Live by Night &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |title=Ben Affleck And Warner Bros Set Next Film: Dennis Lehane Crime Novel 'Live By Night' |website=[[ددلاین هالیوود]] |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819050428/http://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015 
|[[رونانت|وردگاردسته]]
|{{به انگلیسی|The Revenant}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/16/leonardo-dicaprio-the-revenant-alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu|title=Leonardo DiCaprio will make his return in The Revenant|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=April 16, 2014|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Child|first=Ben}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|گلس
|[[آلخاندرو گونزالز اینیاریتو]]
|
|-
|2014 
|وایرونگا
|{{به انگلیسی|Virunga}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/virunga-on-netflix-leonardo-dicaprio-hopes-to-save-one-of-the-last-pristine-places-on-earth-with-moving-gorilla-documentary-9854259.html|title=Virunga on Netflix: Leonardo DiCaprio hopes to save 'one of the last pristine places on Earth' with moving gorilla documentary |work=[[ایندیپندنت|The Independent]]|publisher=Independent Print Limited|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=January 21, 2015|last=Hooton|first=Christopher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اورلاندو ون اینسیدل]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 | 2013 
|'' [[ولف آف وال استریت|وال استریت ِورگ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Wolf of Wall Street}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/449945/The-Wolf-of-Wall-Street/details|title=The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جردن بلفورت]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[اوت آف فورنیس|خارج از کوره]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Out of the Furnace}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/movies/out-of-the-furnace-with-christian-bale.html?_r=0|title=Fraternal Ties, of Gut and Sinew|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 3, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اسکات کوپر]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[رانر رانر|رانر رانر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Runner Runner}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/runner-runner/review/635628|title=Runner Runner: Film Review|work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=September 25, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=McCarthy|first=Todd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[برد فرمن]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[گریت گتسبی|گت ِگتسبی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Great Gatsby}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-great-gatsby-review-1200447930/|title=Film Review: ‘The Great Gatsby’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Foundas|first=Scott|date=May 5, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جی گتسبی]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|2012
|'' [[جنگو آنچیند|جنگوی آزاد شده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Django Unchained}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/26/entertainment/la-et-mn-django-unchained-quentin-tarantino-movie-reviews-critics-20121225|title='Django Unchained' a brazen, bloody spectacle, critics say|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|کلوین کندی
|[[کوئنتین تارانتینو]]
|
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2011 
|'' [[جی. ادگار]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|J.Edgar}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-j-edgar-hoover-clint-eastwood-reviews-258802|title=Leonardo DiCaprio As J. Edgar Hoover: What The Critics Think |work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=November 8, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Schutte|first=Lauren}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جان ادگار هوور]]
|[[کلینت ایستوود]]
|
|-
|'' [[آیدز آف مارچ|نیمه ماه مارس]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Ides of March}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/451477/The-Ides-of-March/credits|title=The Ides of March (2011) – Production Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جرج کلونی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|'' [[رد ردینگ هود|گردش شنل‌قرمزی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Red Riding Hood}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/movies/red-riding-hood-with-amanda-seyfried-review.html|title=The Girl Who Sighed Wolf|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=March 10, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کاترین هاردویک]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2010 
|''[[اینسپشن|تلقین]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Inception}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jul/18/inception-film-review-philip-french|title=Inception: Film Review|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=July 18, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=French|first=Philip}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دام کاب
|[[کریستوفر نولان]]
|
|-
|''[[هابل تری‌دی|هادبل ۳بعدی]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی| Hubble 3D}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/hubble-3d-1117942392/|title=Review: ‘Hubble 3D’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=March 14, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&quot;راوی&quot;
|[[تونی مایرز]]
|
|-
|''[[ شاتر ایسلند|جزیره شاتر]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Shutter Island}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/shutter-island-2010|title=Shutter Island Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (2010)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=February 17, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ادوارد دنیلز
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2009
|''[[اورفن|یتیم]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Orphan}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/452043/Orphan/details|title=Orphan (2009)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جوآم کولت-سرا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2008 
|''[[رولوشنری رود|انقلابی جاده ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Revolutionary Road}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/revolutionary-road-2008|title=Revolutionary Road Movie Review (2008)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فرانک ویلر
|[[سم مندز]]
|
|-
|''[[بادی آف لایز|مجموعه دروها]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Body of Lies}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/nov/21/body-of-lies-ridley-scott|title=Film review: Body of Lies|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=November 21, 2008|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|راجر فریس
|[[ریدلی اسکات]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2007 
|''[[گاردنر آف ادن|بهشت باغون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gardener of Eden}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/360959/Gardener-of-Eden/overview|title=Gardener of Eden (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Buchanan|first=Jason}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کوین کانلی (بازیگر)|کوین کانلی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|''یازدهمین ساعت''
|{{به انگلیسی|The 11th Hour}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/17/movies/17hour.html?_r=0|title=The 11th Hour (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=August 17, 2007|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| &quot;راوی&quot;
|[[نادیا کانرز]] و [[لیلا کانرز پترسن]]
| تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2006 
|''[[بلاد دیاموند|الماس خونین]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Blood Diamond}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richardroeper.com/reviews/blooddiamond.aspx|title=Blood Diamond Review|publisher=Richard Roeper|last=Roeper|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Roeper|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دنی آرچر
|[[ادوارد زوئیک]]
|
|-
|''[[دی‍پارتد|جا بموندسته]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Departed}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/movies/06depa.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|title=Scorsese’s Hall of Mirrors, Littered With Bloody Deceit|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=October 6, 2006|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|بیلی کاستیگان
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2004 
|''ریچارد نیکسون ترور ''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Assassination of Richard Nixon}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304506/The-Assassination-of-Richard-Nixon/credits|title=The Assassination of Richard Nixon|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[نیلس مولر]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|''[[اویاتر|هوانورد]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Aviator}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/287834/The-Aviator/cast|title=The Aviator (2004) – Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[هاوارد هیوز]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2002 
|''[[کچ می آف یو کن|اگه میتونی منو بگیر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Catch Me If You Can}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Holiday-Movies-Sit-back-and-enjoy-his-flight-2743359.php|title=Holiday Movies / Sit back and enjoy his flight / DiCaprio tries to stay one step ahead of the law in Spielberg's lighthearted 'Catch Me If You Can'|work=[[سان‌فرانسیسکو کرونیکل|San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[هرست کورپوریشن|Hearst Corporation]]|date=December 25, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[فرانک ابگنیل]]
|[[استیون اسپیلبرگ]]
|
|-
|''[[گنگز آف نیویورک|نیویورکی گانگسترون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gangs of New York}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gangs-of-new-york-2002|title=Gangs of New York Movie Review (2002)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 20, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Ebert|first=Roger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آمستردام والن
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2001
|دونز پلام
|{{به انگلیسی|Don's Plum}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/don-s-plum-1200466817/|title=Review: ‘Don’s Plum’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Cockrell|first=Eddie|date=February 12, 2001|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|درک
|[[ر.د. راب]]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[بیچ|ساحل]]''
| {{به انگلیسی|The Beach}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181889/The-Beach/details|title=The Beach (2000)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ریچارد
|[[دنی بویل]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1998 
|''[[سلبریتی|شهرت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Celebrity}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/celebrity-1998|title=Celebrity Movie Review &amp; Film Summary|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 20, 1998|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|براندون دارو
|[[وودی آلن]]
|
|-
|''[[من این آیرون ماسک|مردی آهنی ماسک جه]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The man in the iron mask}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/160668/The-Man-in-the-Iron-Mask/cast|title=The Man in the Iron Mask|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[لویی چهاردهم]]
|[[رندل والاس]]
|
|-
|1997
|''[[تایتانیک (فیلم)|تایتانیک]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Titanic}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|title=Titanic Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (1997)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=December 19, 1997|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جک داوسن
|[[جیمز کامرون]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1996 
|''[[ماروینز روم]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Marvin's Room}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/marvin-s-room-2-1117436693/|title=Review: 'Marvin’s Room'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=December 14, 1996|last=Levy|first=Emanuel|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|هنک
|[[جری زکس]]
|
|-
|''[[رومئو و ژولیت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Romeo+juliet}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/william-shakespeare-s-romeo-juliet-1200447070/|title=Review: 'William Shakespeare’s Romeo &amp; Juliet'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=October 27, 1996|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[رومئو]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4 | 1995 
|''[[توتال اکلیپس|کسوف کامل]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Total Eclipse}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-11-03/entertainment/ca-64257_1_eclipse-poet-rimbaud|title=Movie Review : 'Eclipse' a Grim Tale of Licentious Poets|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=November 3, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Turan|first=Kenneth}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[آرتور رمبو]]
|[[آگنیشکا هولاند]]
|
|-
|''[[بسکتبال دایریز|بسکتبال خاطرات ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Basketball Diaries}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE1DC1F39F932A15757C0A963958260|title=The Basketball Diaries (1995) Film Review; Looking for Poetry In All the Wrong Places|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=April 21, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جیم کرول]]
|[[اسکات کالورت]]
|
|-
|''[[کوییک اند دید|برنده و بازنده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The quike and the dead}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-quick-and-the-dead-1995|title=The Quick and the Dead Movie Review (1995)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=February 10, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فی هرود «بچه»
|[[سام ریمی]]
|
|-
|''[[هاندرد اند وان نایتز|هزار و یک شب]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|One Hundred and One Nights}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/133605/One-Hundred-and-One-Nights/cast|title=One Hundred and One Nights – Full Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|[[آنیس واردا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1993 
|''[[واتز ایتینگ گیلبرت گریپ|چچی گیلبرت گریپ ره خانّه؟]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|What's Eating Gilbert Grape}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE0D61631F934A25751C1A965958260|title=Review/Film; Johnny Depp as a Soulful Outsider|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 17, 1993|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آرنی گریپ
|[[لاسه هالستروم]]
|
|-
|''[[دیس بویز لایف|زندگی این پسر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|This Boy's Life}}
|توبی ولف
|[[مایکل کتون-جونز]]
|
|-
|1992
|''[[پیسون ایوی|پیچک سمی (فیلم ۱۹۹۲)]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Poison Ivy}} 
|شخص
|کت شی
|
|-
|1991
|''[[کریترز ۳|مخلوق ۳]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Critters 3}} |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ferguson|first=John|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/w9tc/critters-3|title=Critters 3|work=[[Radio Times]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جاش
|[[کریستین پیترسون]]
|
|}

== پانویس ==
{{پانویس|۲|چپ‌چین=بله}}

== منابع ==
{{ویکی‌انبار-رده|Leonardo DiCaprio}}
{{ترتیب پیش‌فرض|دی‌کاپریو لئوناردو}}

[[رج:لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو| ]]
[[رج:امریکا بازیگرون]]
[[رج:زننه آدمون]]
[[رج:گت مردمون لس آنجلس]]
[[رج:آمریکای آلمانی‌تبارون]]</text>
      <sha1>857rac8syg9v8t1qkkqort5uthmr0oe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392095</id>
      <parentid>392094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:45:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* فیلموگرافی */</comment>
      <origin>392095</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33446" sha1="runkjmnsyb9rl130ax9td9yi7zutjpw" xml:space="preserve">{{جعبه بازیگر
| نام                    = لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو
| تصویر                  = Leonardo DiCaprio June 2014.jpg
| نام اصلی               = '''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو'''&lt;ref&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نویسنده = |نشانی= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-DiCaprio|عنوان= Leonardo DiCaprio - Britannica.com| ناشر = |تاریخ = |تاریخ بازبینی=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | توضیح تصویر           = دی‌کاپریو سال ۲۰۱۴ گادِر
| زمینه فعالیت           = بازیگر، تهیه کننده
| ملیت                   =
| تاریخ تولد             = {{تولد و سن|۱۹۷۴|۱۱|۱۱}}
| محل تولد               = [[هالیوود]]، [[کالیفورنیا]]، [[آمریکا]]
| والدین                 = [[جورج دی کاپریو]] و [[ارمهاین ایندربرکن]]
| تاریخ مرگ              =
| محل مرگ                =
| محل زندگی              =
| مختصات محل زندگی       =
| مدفن                   =
| نام دیگر               =
| پیشه                   =
| سال‌های فعالیت          = ۱۹۸۹ - تاسا
| همسر                    =
| فرزندان                =
| تأثیرات                =
| تأثیرپذیرفته           =
| وبگاه                  = www.leonardodicaprio.com
| imdb_id                = 0000138
| جوایز اسکار            =
| جوایز آفی              =
| جایزه اریل             =
| جوایز بافتا            =
| جوایز سزار             =
| جوایز امی              =
| filmfareawards         =
| جوایز جمینای           =
| جوایز گلدن گلوب        = نقش اولی و...
| جوایز تمشک طلایی        =
| جوایز گویا             =
| جوایز گرمی             =
| جوایز ایفتا            =
| جوایز لورنس الیور      =
| naacpimageawards       =
| جوایز فیلم ملی         =
| جوایز ساگه             =
| جوایز تونی             =
| جوایز                  =
}}

'''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو''' {{انگلیسی جه|Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio}} اتا [[آمریکایی]] بازیگر هسته که [[هالیوود]] دله کار کانده.

وه چندین بار [[اوسکار]] دله کاندیدا بیّه و [[رونانت]] فیلم وسّه اتا جایزه هم بوِرده. وه خله محیط زیست وسّه هم تلاش دانّه و [[متحد ملل سازمان]] وه ره زیستِ سفیر بنومسته.

== بیوگرافی ==
لئوناردو، [[۱۱ نوامبر]] [[۱۹۷۴ (میلادی)|۱۹۷۴]] [[کالیفورنیا]]ي [[لس‌آنجلس]] دله دنیا بموپه. ونه پییر '''جورج دی کاپریو''' نویسنده و ونه مار '''ارمهاین ایندربرکن''' و ماجان '''هلنا ایندربرکن''' بینه که معروفیتی داشتنه. ونه تیر-و-تبار [[ایتالیا]] و [[آلمان]] جه رسنه و سه/چاروم دی کپریو [[آلمان|آلمانی]] هسته. ونه نوم ره [[لئوناردو داوینچی]] جه بییتنه. ونه مار و پییر هدی جه ونه ات سالگی گادِر سیوا بَیینه و وه شه مار همراهی فقر جه گت بیّه.

لئوناردو سال [[۱۹۸۹ (میلادی)|۱۹۸۹]] '''گری بکمن''' نقش ره اتا سریال دله داشته و [[۱۹۹۳ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۳]] اتا نقش دومی ره خوب بازی هاکرده. همون سال اتا معلول ذهنی نقش ره [[واتس ایت گیلبرت گریپ]] دله داشته که [[جانی دپ]] هم اون فیلم دله دیّه. وه این فیلم جه [[اوسکار]] کاندیدا بیّه درحالیکه فقط نوزّه سال داشته. سال [[۱۹۹۶ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۶]] دی‌کاپریو رومئو نقش ره [[رومئو و ژولیت]] (اثر [[شکسپیر]]) دله بییته ونقره ای خرس  ره برلین دله بییته. ونه بتترین اثر [[تایتانیک]] ([[۱۹۹۷ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۷]]) بی‌یه که وه ره معروف هاکرده.

[[پرونده:Leo Scor Diaz(GangsofNY)-.jpg|بندانگشتی|راست|250px|لئوناردو دی کاپریو، [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] و [[کامرون دیاز]]؛ سال ۲۰۰۲]]
وه بعد تایتانیک دِتا فیلم دله بازی هاکرده که خله نخاش بینه و وه بائوته که خله سخته دِباره اوج جه برسه. ولی سال [[۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)|۲۰۰۲]] دی‌کاپیرو دِتا فیلم [[کچ می ایف یو کن]]&lt;ref&gt;Catch me if you can&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[استیون اسپیلبرگ]] و [[گانگز آف نیویورک]]&lt;ref&gt;Gangs of New York&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] ره بازی هاکرده که دِباره وه ره مجلات ِتیتر هاکردنه. وه [[آویاتور]] فیلم دله [[هاوارد هیوز]] ِرول ره بَییته و این نقش وسّه اوسکار ِنقش اولون ِکاندیدا بیّه. دی‌کاپریو انده اسکورسیزی وسّه فیلم بازی هاکرده که گانّه ونه وسّه [[رابرت دنیرو]] جا ره بَییته.

{{-}}
== فیلموگرافی ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! سال
! فیلم ِنوم ِمعنی
! فیلم ِنوم
! نقش
! کارگردون
! توضیحات
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ۲۰۲۵
| ''[[وان بتل افتر انادر|اتا جنگ، اتی جنگ په]]''
| One Battle After Another
| 
| باب فرگوسن&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Paul Thomas Anderson Sets Next Film at Warner Bros. with Leonardo DiCaprio Starring|url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/breaking-news/paul-thomas-anderson-direct-leonardo-dicaprio-warner-bros-film-1234942282/|last=Bergeson|first=Samantha|website=[[IndieWire]]|date=January 10, 2024|access-date=January 10, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ruimy|first=Jordan|url=https://www.worldofreel.com/blog/2024/1/25/fmt2kqzphp30cdftpnexfj05ws6zvt|title=First Images of PTA and DiCaprio's Film in Eureka, California|date=January 30, 2024|access-date=January 30, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۳
| ''[[کیلرز آف د فلاور مون|گُلِ ماهِ قاتلون]]''
| Killers of the Flower Moon
| [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] 
| [[ارنست بوکهارت]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/jesse-plemons-leondardo-dicapprio-apples-killers-of-the-flower-moon-1234695616/|work=Deadline Hollywood|title=Jesse Plemons Joins Leonardo DiCaprio in Apple's 'Killers Of The Flower Moon'|date=February 17, 2021|accessdate=April 22, 2021|last=Kroll|first=Justin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1170125-martin-scorseses-killers-of-the-flower-moon-enters-production|publisher=ComingSoon.net|accessdate=April 22, 2021|date=April 19, 2021|last=Hermanns|first=Grant|title=Martin Scorsese’s Killers of the Flower Moon Enters Production}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[کید ۹۰|وچه ۹۰]]''
| Kid 90
|
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/soleil-moon-frye-to-give-never-before-seen-look-at-90s-hollywood-with-kid-90-documentary-for-hulu-exclusive|title=Soleil Moon Frye to Give Never-Before-Seen Look at '90s Hollywood With 'KID 90' Documentary for Hulu (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Chris|last=Gardner|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=February 11, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[تینارترین وال: ۵۲ چرخه‌تو]]''
| The Loneliest Whale: The Search for 52
| 
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/video/the-loneliest-whale-trailer-52-hertz-whale-documentary-release-date/|title='The Loneliest Whale' Trailer: Happy World Oceans Day From 52|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Patrick|last=Hipes|date=June 8, 2021|access-date=June 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[فین (2021 فیلم)|فین]]''
| Fin
| 
| 
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/eli-roth-directing-shark-documentary-fin-discovery-plus-leonardo-dicaprio-1235004380/|title=Eli Roth Directing Shark Documentary 'Fin' for Discovery Plus (Exclusive)|work=[[Variety (magazine)]]|first=Brent|last=Lang|date=June 24, 2021|access-date=June 24, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[دونت لوک آپ|بالا ره نِش]]'' 
| Don't Look Up
| {{Sortname|دکتر رندال|میندی|nolink=۱}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up|title=Leonardo DiCaprio, Meryl Streep Join Jennifer Lawrence in Adam McKay's 'Don’t Look Up'|website=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Borys|last=Kit|date=October 14, 2020|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=17 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117102221/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۹
| ''[[فرمول ای]]''
| Formula E&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/|work=Variety|title=Toronto Film Review: 'And We Go Green'|date=September 10, 2019|access-date=December 23, 2020|last=Tobias|first=Scott|archive-date=19 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119110146/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[آیس آن فایر|تش دله یخ]]''
| Ice on Fire
| راوی (صدا)
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|title=Film Review: 'Ice on Fire'|work=Variety|date=June 11, 2019|access-date=September 25, 2019|last=Weissberg|first=Jay|archive-date=September 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913093410/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[روزی روزگاری در هالیوود]]''
| Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
| {{Sort|دالتون|ریک دالتون}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|title=Brad Pitt, Leonardo DiCaprio to Star in Quentin Tarantino's Sharon Tate Drama|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 28, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018|last=Kit|first=Borys|archive-date=June 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616191354/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[ریچارد جول (فیلم)|ریچارد جول]]''
| Richard Jewell&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|work=Variety|date=September 27, 2019|last=McNary|first=Dave|title=Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Gets Awards Season Release|access-date=October 17, 2019|archive-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210857/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ۲۰۱۸
| ''[[دلیریوم|شفت‌بئی]]''
| Delirium&lt;ref name=DeadlineFebruary&gt;{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr |first1=Mike |title=A Third Robin Hood Script Enters The Fray; This By King Arthur Scribe Joby Harold |url=https://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629041922/http://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |archive-date=June 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[رابین هود (فیلم ۲۰۱۸)|رابین هود]]''
|Robin Hood&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|title=DiCaprio, Blum, King Team for Haunted House Pic|work=[[ورایتی|Variety (magazine)]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=January 29, 2014|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082755/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[کوشش: شوکاسکی زندگی و گوم‌بئی هنر ]]''
| Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|title=Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski|access-date=October 17, 2019|publisher=[[جشنواره بین‌المللی فیلم مستند آمستردام|International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]]|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017094823/https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۶
| ''[[کچینگ د سان|خورشید ره بیتن]]''
|Catching the Sun &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/80061161?trackId=14277281&amp;tctx=0,0,a4744c08-ea15-49c6-82c4-30c5c5fd6a64-186980413,,|title=Catching the Sun|publisher=Netflix|access-date=September 19, 2018}}{{پیوند مرده|date=نوامبر ۲۰۲۲ |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
| 
|-
| ''[[پیش از سیل]]''
| Before the Flood
| شه
| 
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |title='Before the Flood': Leonardo DiCaprio's Toughest Role Yet |work=[[Men's Journal]] |first=Charles |last=Thorp |access-date=November 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104074836/http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |archive-date=November 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[بازی عاج]]''
| The Ivory Game &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |title='The Ivory Game' Telluride Review: Urgent Documentary About Elephant Killing Is a Roar for Action |publisher=[[درپ|TheWrap]] |date=September 2, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2016 |last=Abele |first=Robert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008203930/http://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[تا شب زنده بمان (فیلم)|تا شو زنده بموند]]''
| Live by Night &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |title=Ben Affleck And Warner Bros Set Next Film: Dennis Lehane Crime Novel 'Live By Night' |website=[[ددلاین هالیوود]] |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819050428/http://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015 
|[[رونانت|وردگاردسته]]
|{{به انگلیسی|The Revenant}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/16/leonardo-dicaprio-the-revenant-alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu|title=Leonardo DiCaprio will make his return in The Revenant|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=April 16, 2014|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Child|first=Ben}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|گلس
|[[آلخاندرو گونزالز اینیاریتو]]
|
|-
|2014 
|وایرونگا
|{{به انگلیسی|Virunga}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/virunga-on-netflix-leonardo-dicaprio-hopes-to-save-one-of-the-last-pristine-places-on-earth-with-moving-gorilla-documentary-9854259.html|title=Virunga on Netflix: Leonardo DiCaprio hopes to save 'one of the last pristine places on Earth' with moving gorilla documentary |work=[[ایندیپندنت|The Independent]]|publisher=Independent Print Limited|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=January 21, 2015|last=Hooton|first=Christopher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اورلاندو ون اینسیدل]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 | 2013 
|'' [[ولف آف وال استریت|وال استریت ِورگ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Wolf of Wall Street}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/449945/The-Wolf-of-Wall-Street/details|title=The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جردن بلفورت]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[اوت آف فورنیس|خارج از کوره]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Out of the Furnace}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/movies/out-of-the-furnace-with-christian-bale.html?_r=0|title=Fraternal Ties, of Gut and Sinew|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 3, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اسکات کوپر]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[رانر رانر|رانر رانر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Runner Runner}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/runner-runner/review/635628|title=Runner Runner: Film Review|work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=September 25, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=McCarthy|first=Todd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[برد فرمن]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[گریت گتسبی|گت ِگتسبی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Great Gatsby}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-great-gatsby-review-1200447930/|title=Film Review: ‘The Great Gatsby’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Foundas|first=Scott|date=May 5, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جی گتسبی]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|2012
|'' [[جنگو آنچیند|جنگوی آزاد شده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Django Unchained}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/26/entertainment/la-et-mn-django-unchained-quentin-tarantino-movie-reviews-critics-20121225|title='Django Unchained' a brazen, bloody spectacle, critics say|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|کلوین کندی
|[[کوئنتین تارانتینو]]
|
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2011 
|'' [[جی. ادگار]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|J.Edgar}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-j-edgar-hoover-clint-eastwood-reviews-258802|title=Leonardo DiCaprio As J. Edgar Hoover: What The Critics Think |work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=November 8, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Schutte|first=Lauren}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جان ادگار هوور]]
|[[کلینت ایستوود]]
|
|-
|'' [[آیدز آف مارچ|نیمه ماه مارس]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Ides of March}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/451477/The-Ides-of-March/credits|title=The Ides of March (2011) – Production Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جرج کلونی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|'' [[رد ردینگ هود|گردش شنل‌قرمزی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Red Riding Hood}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/movies/red-riding-hood-with-amanda-seyfried-review.html|title=The Girl Who Sighed Wolf|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=March 10, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کاترین هاردویک]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2010 
|''[[اینسپشن|تلقین]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Inception}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jul/18/inception-film-review-philip-french|title=Inception: Film Review|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=July 18, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=French|first=Philip}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دام کاب
|[[کریستوفر نولان]]
|
|-
|''[[هابل تری‌دی|هادبل ۳بعدی]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی| Hubble 3D}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/hubble-3d-1117942392/|title=Review: ‘Hubble 3D’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=March 14, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&quot;راوی&quot;
|[[تونی مایرز]]
|
|-
|''[[ شاتر ایسلند|جزیره شاتر]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Shutter Island}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/shutter-island-2010|title=Shutter Island Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (2010)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=February 17, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ادوارد دنیلز
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2009
|''[[اورفن|یتیم]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Orphan}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/452043/Orphan/details|title=Orphan (2009)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جوآم کولت-سرا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2008 
|''[[رولوشنری رود|انقلابی جاده ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Revolutionary Road}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/revolutionary-road-2008|title=Revolutionary Road Movie Review (2008)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فرانک ویلر
|[[سم مندز]]
|
|-
|''[[بادی آف لایز|مجموعه دروها]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Body of Lies}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/nov/21/body-of-lies-ridley-scott|title=Film review: Body of Lies|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=November 21, 2008|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|راجر فریس
|[[ریدلی اسکات]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2007 
|''[[گاردنر آف ادن|بهشت باغون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gardener of Eden}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/360959/Gardener-of-Eden/overview|title=Gardener of Eden (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Buchanan|first=Jason}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کوین کانلی (بازیگر)|کوین کانلی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|''یازدهمین ساعت''
|{{به انگلیسی|The 11th Hour}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/17/movies/17hour.html?_r=0|title=The 11th Hour (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=August 17, 2007|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| &quot;راوی&quot;
|[[نادیا کانرز]] و [[لیلا کانرز پترسن]]
| تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2006 
|''[[بلاد دیاموند|الماس خونین]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Blood Diamond}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richardroeper.com/reviews/blooddiamond.aspx|title=Blood Diamond Review|publisher=Richard Roeper|last=Roeper|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Roeper|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دنی آرچر
|[[ادوارد زوئیک]]
|
|-
|''[[دی‍پارتد|جا بموندسته]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Departed}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/movies/06depa.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|title=Scorsese’s Hall of Mirrors, Littered With Bloody Deceit|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=October 6, 2006|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|بیلی کاستیگان
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2004 
|''ریچارد نیکسون ترور ''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Assassination of Richard Nixon}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304506/The-Assassination-of-Richard-Nixon/credits|title=The Assassination of Richard Nixon|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[نیلس مولر]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|''[[اویاتر|هوانورد]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Aviator}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/287834/The-Aviator/cast|title=The Aviator (2004) – Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[هاوارد هیوز]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2002 
|''[[کچ می آف یو کن|اگه میتونی منو بگیر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Catch Me If You Can}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Holiday-Movies-Sit-back-and-enjoy-his-flight-2743359.php|title=Holiday Movies / Sit back and enjoy his flight / DiCaprio tries to stay one step ahead of the law in Spielberg's lighthearted 'Catch Me If You Can'|work=[[سان‌فرانسیسکو کرونیکل|San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[هرست کورپوریشن|Hearst Corporation]]|date=December 25, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[فرانک ابگنیل]]
|[[استیون اسپیلبرگ]]
|
|-
|''[[گنگز آف نیویورک|نیویورکی گانگسترون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gangs of New York}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gangs-of-new-york-2002|title=Gangs of New York Movie Review (2002)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 20, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Ebert|first=Roger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آمستردام والن
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2001
|دونز پلام
|{{به انگلیسی|Don's Plum}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/don-s-plum-1200466817/|title=Review: ‘Don’s Plum’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Cockrell|first=Eddie|date=February 12, 2001|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|درک
|[[ر.د. راب]]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[بیچ|ساحل]]''
| {{به انگلیسی|The Beach}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181889/The-Beach/details|title=The Beach (2000)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ریچارد
|[[دنی بویل]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1998 
|''[[سلبریتی|شهرت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Celebrity}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/celebrity-1998|title=Celebrity Movie Review &amp; Film Summary|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 20, 1998|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|براندون دارو
|[[وودی آلن]]
|
|-
|''[[من این آیرون ماسک|مردی آهنی ماسک جه]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The man in the iron mask}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/160668/The-Man-in-the-Iron-Mask/cast|title=The Man in the Iron Mask|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[لویی چهاردهم]]
|[[رندل والاس]]
|
|-
|1997
|''[[تایتانیک (فیلم)|تایتانیک]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Titanic}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|title=Titanic Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (1997)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=December 19, 1997|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جک داوسن
|[[جیمز کامرون]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1996 
|''[[ماروینز روم]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Marvin's Room}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/marvin-s-room-2-1117436693/|title=Review: 'Marvin’s Room'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=December 14, 1996|last=Levy|first=Emanuel|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|هنک
|[[جری زکس]]
|
|-
|''[[رومئو و ژولیت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Romeo+juliet}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/william-shakespeare-s-romeo-juliet-1200447070/|title=Review: 'William Shakespeare’s Romeo &amp; Juliet'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=October 27, 1996|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[رومئو]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4 | 1995 
|''[[توتال اکلیپس|کسوف کامل]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Total Eclipse}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-11-03/entertainment/ca-64257_1_eclipse-poet-rimbaud|title=Movie Review : 'Eclipse' a Grim Tale of Licentious Poets|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=November 3, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Turan|first=Kenneth}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[آرتور رمبو]]
|[[آگنیشکا هولاند]]
|
|-
|''[[بسکتبال دایریز|بسکتبال خاطرات ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Basketball Diaries}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE1DC1F39F932A15757C0A963958260|title=The Basketball Diaries (1995) Film Review; Looking for Poetry In All the Wrong Places|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=April 21, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جیم کرول]]
|[[اسکات کالورت]]
|
|-
|''[[کوییک اند دید|برنده و بازنده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The quike and the dead}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-quick-and-the-dead-1995|title=The Quick and the Dead Movie Review (1995)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=February 10, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فی هرود «بچه»
|[[سام ریمی]]
|
|-
|''[[هاندرد اند وان نایتز|هزار و یک شب]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|One Hundred and One Nights}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/133605/One-Hundred-and-One-Nights/cast|title=One Hundred and One Nights – Full Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|[[آنیس واردا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1993 
|''[[واتز ایتینگ گیلبرت گریپ|چچی گیلبرت گریپ ره خانّه؟]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|What's Eating Gilbert Grape}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE0D61631F934A25751C1A965958260|title=Review/Film; Johnny Depp as a Soulful Outsider|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 17, 1993|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آرنی گریپ
|[[لاسه هالستروم]]
|
|-
|''[[دیس بویز لایف|زندگی این پسر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|This Boy's Life}}
|توبی ولف
|[[مایکل کتون-جونز]]
|
|-
|1992
|''[[پیسون ایوی|پیچک سمی (فیلم ۱۹۹۲)]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Poison Ivy}} 
|شخص
|کت شی
|
|-
|1991
|''[[کریترز ۳|مخلوق ۳]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Critters 3}} |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ferguson|first=John|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/w9tc/critters-3|title=Critters 3|work=[[Radio Times]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جاش
|[[کریستین پیترسون]]
|
|}

== پانویس ==
{{پانویس|۲|چپ‌چین=بله}}

== منابع ==
{{ویکی‌انبار-رده|Leonardo DiCaprio}}
{{ترتیب پیش‌فرض|دی‌کاپریو لئوناردو}}

[[رج:لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو| ]]
[[رج:امریکا بازیگرون]]
[[رج:زننه آدمون]]
[[رج:گت مردمون لس آنجلس]]
[[رج:آمریکای آلمانی‌تبارون]]</text>
      <sha1>runkjmnsyb9rl130ax9td9yi7zutjpw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392097</id>
      <parentid>392095</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:54:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* فیلموگرافی */</comment>
      <origin>392097</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34017" sha1="rl7qrevscjtno8u4jdua2hijz1kq966" xml:space="preserve">{{جعبه بازیگر
| نام                    = لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو
| تصویر                  = Leonardo DiCaprio June 2014.jpg
| نام اصلی               = '''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو'''&lt;ref&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نویسنده = |نشانی= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-DiCaprio|عنوان= Leonardo DiCaprio - Britannica.com| ناشر = |تاریخ = |تاریخ بازبینی=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | توضیح تصویر           = دی‌کاپریو سال ۲۰۱۴ گادِر
| زمینه فعالیت           = بازیگر، تهیه کننده
| ملیت                   =
| تاریخ تولد             = {{تولد و سن|۱۹۷۴|۱۱|۱۱}}
| محل تولد               = [[هالیوود]]، [[کالیفورنیا]]، [[آمریکا]]
| والدین                 = [[جورج دی کاپریو]] و [[ارمهاین ایندربرکن]]
| تاریخ مرگ              =
| محل مرگ                =
| محل زندگی              =
| مختصات محل زندگی       =
| مدفن                   =
| نام دیگر               =
| پیشه                   =
| سال‌های فعالیت          = ۱۹۸۹ - تاسا
| همسر                    =
| فرزندان                =
| تأثیرات                =
| تأثیرپذیرفته           =
| وبگاه                  = www.leonardodicaprio.com
| imdb_id                = 0000138
| جوایز اسکار            =
| جوایز آفی              =
| جایزه اریل             =
| جوایز بافتا            =
| جوایز سزار             =
| جوایز امی              =
| filmfareawards         =
| جوایز جمینای           =
| جوایز گلدن گلوب        = نقش اولی و...
| جوایز تمشک طلایی        =
| جوایز گویا             =
| جوایز گرمی             =
| جوایز ایفتا            =
| جوایز لورنس الیور      =
| naacpimageawards       =
| جوایز فیلم ملی         =
| جوایز ساگه             =
| جوایز تونی             =
| جوایز                  =
}}

'''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو''' {{انگلیسی جه|Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio}} اتا [[آمریکایی]] بازیگر هسته که [[هالیوود]] دله کار کانده.

وه چندین بار [[اوسکار]] دله کاندیدا بیّه و [[رونانت]] فیلم وسّه اتا جایزه هم بوِرده. وه خله محیط زیست وسّه هم تلاش دانّه و [[متحد ملل سازمان]] وه ره زیستِ سفیر بنومسته.

== بیوگرافی ==
لئوناردو، [[۱۱ نوامبر]] [[۱۹۷۴ (میلادی)|۱۹۷۴]] [[کالیفورنیا]]ي [[لس‌آنجلس]] دله دنیا بموپه. ونه پییر '''جورج دی کاپریو''' نویسنده و ونه مار '''ارمهاین ایندربرکن''' و ماجان '''هلنا ایندربرکن''' بینه که معروفیتی داشتنه. ونه تیر-و-تبار [[ایتالیا]] و [[آلمان]] جه رسنه و سه/چاروم دی کپریو [[آلمان|آلمانی]] هسته. ونه نوم ره [[لئوناردو داوینچی]] جه بییتنه. ونه مار و پییر هدی جه ونه ات سالگی گادِر سیوا بَیینه و وه شه مار همراهی فقر جه گت بیّه.

لئوناردو سال [[۱۹۸۹ (میلادی)|۱۹۸۹]] '''گری بکمن''' نقش ره اتا سریال دله داشته و [[۱۹۹۳ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۳]] اتا نقش دومی ره خوب بازی هاکرده. همون سال اتا معلول ذهنی نقش ره [[واتس ایت گیلبرت گریپ]] دله داشته که [[جانی دپ]] هم اون فیلم دله دیّه. وه این فیلم جه [[اوسکار]] کاندیدا بیّه درحالیکه فقط نوزّه سال داشته. سال [[۱۹۹۶ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۶]] دی‌کاپریو رومئو نقش ره [[رومئو و ژولیت]] (اثر [[شکسپیر]]) دله بییته ونقره ای خرس  ره برلین دله بییته. ونه بتترین اثر [[تایتانیک]] ([[۱۹۹۷ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۷]]) بی‌یه که وه ره معروف هاکرده.

[[پرونده:Leo Scor Diaz(GangsofNY)-.jpg|بندانگشتی|راست|250px|لئوناردو دی کاپریو، [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] و [[کامرون دیاز]]؛ سال ۲۰۰۲]]
وه بعد تایتانیک دِتا فیلم دله بازی هاکرده که خله نخاش بینه و وه بائوته که خله سخته دِباره اوج جه برسه. ولی سال [[۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)|۲۰۰۲]] دی‌کاپیرو دِتا فیلم [[کچ می ایف یو کن]]&lt;ref&gt;Catch me if you can&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[استیون اسپیلبرگ]] و [[گانگز آف نیویورک]]&lt;ref&gt;Gangs of New York&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] ره بازی هاکرده که دِباره وه ره مجلات ِتیتر هاکردنه. وه [[آویاتور]] فیلم دله [[هاوارد هیوز]] ِرول ره بَییته و این نقش وسّه اوسکار ِنقش اولون ِکاندیدا بیّه. دی‌کاپریو انده اسکورسیزی وسّه فیلم بازی هاکرده که گانّه ونه وسّه [[رابرت دنیرو]] جا ره بَییته.

{{-}}
== فیلموگرافی ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! سال
! فیلم ِنوم ِمعنی
! فیلم ِنوم
! نقش
! کارگردون
! توضیحات
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ۲۰۲۵
| ''[[وان بتل افتر انادر|اتا جنگ، اتی جنگ په]]''
| One Battle After Another
| باب فرگوسن
|پال توماس اندرسون
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Paul Thomas Anderson Sets Next Film at Warner Bros. with Leonardo DiCaprio Starring|url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/breaking-news/paul-thomas-anderson-direct-leonardo-dicaprio-warner-bros-film-1234942282/|last=Bergeson|first=Samantha|website=[[IndieWire]]|date=January 10, 2024|access-date=January 10, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ruimy|first=Jordan|url=https://www.worldofreel.com/blog/2024/1/25/fmt2kqzphp30cdftpnexfj05ws6zvt|title=First Images of PTA and DiCaprio's Film in Eureka, California|date=January 30, 2024|access-date=January 30, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۳
| ''[[کیلرز آف د فلاور مون|گُلِ ماهِ قاتلون]]''
| Killers of the Flower Moon
| [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] 
| [[ارنست بوکهارت]]
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/jesse-plemons-leondardo-dicapprio-apples-killers-of-the-flower-moon-1234695616/|work=Deadline Hollywood|title=Jesse Plemons Joins Leonardo DiCaprio in Apple's 'Killers Of The Flower Moon'|date=February 17, 2021|accessdate=April 22, 2021|last=Kroll|first=Justin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1170125-martin-scorseses-killers-of-the-flower-moon-enters-production|publisher=ComingSoon.net|accessdate=April 22, 2021|date=April 19, 2021|last=Hermanns|first=Grant|title=Martin Scorsese’s Killers of the Flower Moon Enters Production}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[کید ۹۰|وچه ۹۰]]''
| Kid 90
|
|
| مستند. فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/soleil-moon-frye-to-give-never-before-seen-look-at-90s-hollywood-with-kid-90-documentary-for-hulu-exclusive|title=Soleil Moon Frye to Give Never-Before-Seen Look at '90s Hollywood With 'KID 90' Documentary for Hulu (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Chris|last=Gardner|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=February 11, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[تینارترین وال: ۵۲ چرخه‌تو]]''
| The Loneliest Whale: The Search for 52
| 
|
| مستند. فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/video/the-loneliest-whale-trailer-52-hertz-whale-documentary-release-date/|title='The Loneliest Whale' Trailer: Happy World Oceans Day From 52|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Patrick|last=Hipes|date=June 8, 2021|access-date=June 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[فین (2021 فیلم)|فین]]''
| Fin
| 
| 
| مستند. فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/eli-roth-directing-shark-documentary-fin-discovery-plus-leonardo-dicaprio-1235004380/|title=Eli Roth Directing Shark Documentary 'Fin' for Discovery Plus (Exclusive)|work=[[Variety (magazine)]]|first=Brent|last=Lang|date=June 24, 2021|access-date=June 24, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[دونت لوک آپ|بالا ره نِش]]'' 
| Don't Look Up
| {{Sortname|دکتر رندال|میندی|nolink=۱}}
|تام مکی
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up|title=Leonardo DiCaprio, Meryl Streep Join Jennifer Lawrence in Adam McKay's 'Don’t Look Up'|website=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Borys|last=Kit|date=October 14, 2020|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=17 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117102221/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۹
| ''[[فرمول ای]]''
| Formula E
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/|work=Variety|title=Toronto Film Review: 'And We Go Green'|date=September 10, 2019|access-date=December 23, 2020|last=Tobias|first=Scott|archive-date=19 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119110146/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[آیس آن فایر|تش دله یخ]]''
| Ice on Fire
| راوی (صدا)
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|title=Film Review: 'Ice on Fire'|work=Variety|date=June 11, 2019|access-date=September 25, 2019|last=Weissberg|first=Jay|archive-date=September 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913093410/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[وانس آوپن ا تایم این هالیوود|روزی روزگاری، هالیوود دله]]''
| Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
| {{Sort|دالتون|ریک دالتون}}
|کوئنتین تارانتینو 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|title=Brad Pitt, Leonardo DiCaprio to Star in Quentin Tarantino's Sharon Tate Drama|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 28, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018|last=Kit|first=Borys|archive-date=June 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616191354/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[ریچارد جول (فیلم)|ریچارد جول]]''
| Richard Jewell
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|work=Variety|date=September 27, 2019|last=McNary|first=Dave|title=Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Gets Awards Season Release|access-date=October 17, 2019|archive-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210857/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ۲۰۱۸
| ''[[دلیریوم|شفت‌بئی]]''
| Delirium
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref name=DeadlineFebruary&gt;{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr |first1=Mike |title=A Third Robin Hood Script Enters The Fray; This By King Arthur Scribe Joby Harold |url=https://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629041922/http://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |archive-date=June 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[رابین هود (فیلم ۲۰۱۸)|رابین هود]]''
|Robin Hood
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|title=DiCaprio, Blum, King Team for Haunted House Pic|work=[[ورایتی|Variety (magazine)]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=January 29, 2014|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082755/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[کوشش: شوکاسکی زندگی و گوم‌بئی هنر ]]''
| Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|title=Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski|access-date=October 17, 2019|publisher=[[جشنواره بین‌المللی فیلم مستند آمستردام|International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]]|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017094823/https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۶
| ''[[کچینگ د سان|خورشید ره بیتن]]''
|Catching the Sun 
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/80061161?trackId=14277281&amp;tctx=0,0,a4744c08-ea15-49c6-82c4-30c5c5fd6a64-186980413,,|title=Catching the Sun|publisher=Netflix|access-date=September 19, 2018}}{{پیوند مرده|date=نوامبر ۲۰۲۲ |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
| 
|-
| ''[[پیش از سیل]]''
| Before the Flood
| شه
| 
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |title='Before the Flood': Leonardo DiCaprio's Toughest Role Yet |work=[[Men's Journal]] |first=Charles |last=Thorp |access-date=November 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104074836/http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |archive-date=November 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[بازی عاج]]''
| The Ivory Game 
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |title='The Ivory Game' Telluride Review: Urgent Documentary About Elephant Killing Is a Roar for Action |publisher=[[درپ|TheWrap]] |date=September 2, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2016 |last=Abele |first=Robert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008203930/http://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[لایو بای نایت|تا شو زنده بموند]]''
| Live by Night
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |title=Ben Affleck And Warner Bros Set Next Film: Dennis Lehane Crime Novel 'Live By Night' |website=[[ددلاین هالیوود]] |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819050428/http://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015 
|[[رونانت|وردگاردسته]]
|{{به انگلیسی|The Revenant}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/16/leonardo-dicaprio-the-revenant-alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu|title=Leonardo DiCaprio will make his return in The Revenant|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=April 16, 2014|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Child|first=Ben}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|گلس
|[[آلخاندرو گونزالز اینیاریتو]]
|
|-
|2014 
|وایرونگا
|{{به انگلیسی|Virunga}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/virunga-on-netflix-leonardo-dicaprio-hopes-to-save-one-of-the-last-pristine-places-on-earth-with-moving-gorilla-documentary-9854259.html|title=Virunga on Netflix: Leonardo DiCaprio hopes to save 'one of the last pristine places on Earth' with moving gorilla documentary |work=[[ایندیپندنت|The Independent]]|publisher=Independent Print Limited|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=January 21, 2015|last=Hooton|first=Christopher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اورلاندو ون اینسیدل]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 | 2013 
|'' [[ولف آف وال استریت|وال استریت ِورگ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Wolf of Wall Street}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/449945/The-Wolf-of-Wall-Street/details|title=The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جردن بلفورت]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[اوت آف فورنیس|خارج از کوره]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Out of the Furnace}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/movies/out-of-the-furnace-with-christian-bale.html?_r=0|title=Fraternal Ties, of Gut and Sinew|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 3, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اسکات کوپر]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[رانر رانر|رانر رانر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Runner Runner}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/runner-runner/review/635628|title=Runner Runner: Film Review|work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=September 25, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=McCarthy|first=Todd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[برد فرمن]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[گریت گتسبی|گت ِگتسبی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Great Gatsby}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-great-gatsby-review-1200447930/|title=Film Review: ‘The Great Gatsby’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Foundas|first=Scott|date=May 5, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جی گتسبی]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|2012
|'' [[جنگو آنچیند|جنگوی آزاد شده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Django Unchained}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/26/entertainment/la-et-mn-django-unchained-quentin-tarantino-movie-reviews-critics-20121225|title='Django Unchained' a brazen, bloody spectacle, critics say|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|کلوین کندی
|[[کوئنتین تارانتینو]]
|
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2011 
|'' [[جی. ادگار]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|J.Edgar}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-j-edgar-hoover-clint-eastwood-reviews-258802|title=Leonardo DiCaprio As J. Edgar Hoover: What The Critics Think |work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=November 8, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Schutte|first=Lauren}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جان ادگار هوور]]
|[[کلینت ایستوود]]
|
|-
|'' [[آیدز آف مارچ|نیمه ماه مارس]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Ides of March}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/451477/The-Ides-of-March/credits|title=The Ides of March (2011) – Production Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جرج کلونی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|'' [[رد ردینگ هود|گردش شنل‌قرمزی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Red Riding Hood}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/movies/red-riding-hood-with-amanda-seyfried-review.html|title=The Girl Who Sighed Wolf|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=March 10, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کاترین هاردویک]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2010 
|''[[اینسپشن|تلقین]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Inception}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jul/18/inception-film-review-philip-french|title=Inception: Film Review|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=July 18, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=French|first=Philip}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دام کاب
|[[کریستوفر نولان]]
|
|-
|''[[هابل تری‌دی|هادبل ۳بعدی]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی| Hubble 3D}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/hubble-3d-1117942392/|title=Review: ‘Hubble 3D’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=March 14, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&quot;راوی&quot;
|[[تونی مایرز]]
|
|-
|''[[ شاتر ایسلند|جزیره شاتر]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Shutter Island}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/shutter-island-2010|title=Shutter Island Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (2010)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=February 17, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ادوارد دنیلز
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2009
|''[[اورفن|یتیم]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Orphan}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/452043/Orphan/details|title=Orphan (2009)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جوآم کولت-سرا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2008 
|''[[رولوشنری رود|انقلابی جاده ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Revolutionary Road}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/revolutionary-road-2008|title=Revolutionary Road Movie Review (2008)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فرانک ویلر
|[[سم مندز]]
|
|-
|''[[بادی آف لایز|مجموعه دروها]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Body of Lies}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/nov/21/body-of-lies-ridley-scott|title=Film review: Body of Lies|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=November 21, 2008|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|راجر فریس
|[[ریدلی اسکات]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2007 
|''[[گاردنر آف ادن|بهشت باغون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gardener of Eden}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/360959/Gardener-of-Eden/overview|title=Gardener of Eden (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Buchanan|first=Jason}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کوین کانلی (بازیگر)|کوین کانلی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|''یازدهمین ساعت''
|{{به انگلیسی|The 11th Hour}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/17/movies/17hour.html?_r=0|title=The 11th Hour (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=August 17, 2007|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| &quot;راوی&quot;
|[[نادیا کانرز]] و [[لیلا کانرز پترسن]]
| تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2006 
|''[[بلاد دیاموند|الماس خونین]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Blood Diamond}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richardroeper.com/reviews/blooddiamond.aspx|title=Blood Diamond Review|publisher=Richard Roeper|last=Roeper|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Roeper|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دنی آرچر
|[[ادوارد زوئیک]]
|
|-
|''[[دی‍پارتد|جا بموندسته]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Departed}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/movies/06depa.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|title=Scorsese’s Hall of Mirrors, Littered With Bloody Deceit|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=October 6, 2006|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|بیلی کاستیگان
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2004 
|''ریچارد نیکسون ترور ''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Assassination of Richard Nixon}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304506/The-Assassination-of-Richard-Nixon/credits|title=The Assassination of Richard Nixon|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[نیلس مولر]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|''[[اویاتر|هوانورد]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Aviator}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/287834/The-Aviator/cast|title=The Aviator (2004) – Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[هاوارد هیوز]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2002 
|''[[کچ می آف یو کن|اگه میتونی منو بگیر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Catch Me If You Can}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Holiday-Movies-Sit-back-and-enjoy-his-flight-2743359.php|title=Holiday Movies / Sit back and enjoy his flight / DiCaprio tries to stay one step ahead of the law in Spielberg's lighthearted 'Catch Me If You Can'|work=[[سان‌فرانسیسکو کرونیکل|San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[هرست کورپوریشن|Hearst Corporation]]|date=December 25, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[فرانک ابگنیل]]
|[[استیون اسپیلبرگ]]
|
|-
|''[[گنگز آف نیویورک|نیویورکی گانگسترون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gangs of New York}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gangs-of-new-york-2002|title=Gangs of New York Movie Review (2002)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 20, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Ebert|first=Roger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آمستردام والن
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2001
|دونز پلام
|{{به انگلیسی|Don's Plum}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/don-s-plum-1200466817/|title=Review: ‘Don’s Plum’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Cockrell|first=Eddie|date=February 12, 2001|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|درک
|[[ر.د. راب]]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[بیچ|ساحل]]''
| {{به انگلیسی|The Beach}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181889/The-Beach/details|title=The Beach (2000)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ریچارد
|[[دنی بویل]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1998 
|''[[سلبریتی|شهرت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Celebrity}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/celebrity-1998|title=Celebrity Movie Review &amp; Film Summary|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 20, 1998|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|براندون دارو
|[[وودی آلن]]
|
|-
|''[[من این آیرون ماسک|مردی آهنی ماسک جه]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The man in the iron mask}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/160668/The-Man-in-the-Iron-Mask/cast|title=The Man in the Iron Mask|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[لویی چهاردهم]]
|[[رندل والاس]]
|
|-
|1997
|''[[تایتانیک (فیلم)|تایتانیک]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Titanic}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|title=Titanic Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (1997)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=December 19, 1997|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جک داوسن
|[[جیمز کامرون]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1996 
|''[[ماروینز روم]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Marvin's Room}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/marvin-s-room-2-1117436693/|title=Review: 'Marvin’s Room'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=December 14, 1996|last=Levy|first=Emanuel|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|هنک
|[[جری زکس]]
|
|-
|''[[رومئو و ژولیت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Romeo+juliet}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/william-shakespeare-s-romeo-juliet-1200447070/|title=Review: 'William Shakespeare’s Romeo &amp; Juliet'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=October 27, 1996|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[رومئو]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4 | 1995 
|''[[توتال اکلیپس|کسوف کامل]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Total Eclipse}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-11-03/entertainment/ca-64257_1_eclipse-poet-rimbaud|title=Movie Review : 'Eclipse' a Grim Tale of Licentious Poets|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=November 3, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Turan|first=Kenneth}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[آرتور رمبو]]
|[[آگنیشکا هولاند]]
|
|-
|''[[بسکتبال دایریز|بسکتبال خاطرات ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Basketball Diaries}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE1DC1F39F932A15757C0A963958260|title=The Basketball Diaries (1995) Film Review; Looking for Poetry In All the Wrong Places|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=April 21, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جیم کرول]]
|[[اسکات کالورت]]
|
|-
|''[[کوییک اند دید|برنده و بازنده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The quike and the dead}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-quick-and-the-dead-1995|title=The Quick and the Dead Movie Review (1995)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=February 10, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فی هرود «بچه»
|[[سام ریمی]]
|
|-
|''[[هاندرد اند وان نایتز|هزار و یک شب]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|One Hundred and One Nights}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/133605/One-Hundred-and-One-Nights/cast|title=One Hundred and One Nights – Full Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|[[آنیس واردا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1993 
|''[[واتز ایتینگ گیلبرت گریپ|چچی گیلبرت گریپ ره خانّه؟]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|What's Eating Gilbert Grape}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE0D61631F934A25751C1A965958260|title=Review/Film; Johnny Depp as a Soulful Outsider|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 17, 1993|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آرنی گریپ
|[[لاسه هالستروم]]
|
|-
|''[[دیس بویز لایف|زندگی این پسر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|This Boy's Life}}
|توبی ولف
|[[مایکل کتون-جونز]]
|
|-
|1992
|''[[پیسون ایوی|پیچک سمی (فیلم ۱۹۹۲)]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Poison Ivy}} 
|شخص
|کت شی
|
|-
|1991
|''[[کریترز ۳|مخلوق ۳]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Critters 3}} |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ferguson|first=John|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/w9tc/critters-3|title=Critters 3|work=[[Radio Times]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جاش
|[[کریستین پیترسون]]
|
|}

== پانویس ==
{{پانویس|۲|چپ‌چین=بله}}

== منابع ==
{{ویکی‌انبار-رده|Leonardo DiCaprio}}
{{ترتیب پیش‌فرض|دی‌کاپریو لئوناردو}}

[[رج:لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو| ]]
[[رج:امریکا بازیگرون]]
[[رج:زننه آدمون]]
[[رج:گت مردمون لس آنجلس]]
[[رج:آمریکای آلمانی‌تبارون]]</text>
      <sha1>rl7qrevscjtno8u4jdua2hijz1kq966</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392098</id>
      <parentid>392097</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:58:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* فیلموگرافی */</comment>
      <origin>392098</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34094" sha1="6gjx814x4qn03x91ae3p1yrdjk5s9d3" xml:space="preserve">{{جعبه بازیگر
| نام                    = لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو
| تصویر                  = Leonardo DiCaprio June 2014.jpg
| نام اصلی               = '''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو'''&lt;ref&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نویسنده = |نشانی= https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leonardo-DiCaprio|عنوان= Leonardo DiCaprio - Britannica.com| ناشر = |تاریخ = |تاریخ بازبینی=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 | توضیح تصویر           = دی‌کاپریو سال ۲۰۱۴ گادِر
| زمینه فعالیت           = بازیگر، تهیه کننده
| ملیت                   =
| تاریخ تولد             = {{تولد و سن|۱۹۷۴|۱۱|۱۱}}
| محل تولد               = [[هالیوود]]، [[کالیفورنیا]]، [[آمریکا]]
| والدین                 = [[جورج دی کاپریو]] و [[ارمهاین ایندربرکن]]
| تاریخ مرگ              =
| محل مرگ                =
| محل زندگی              =
| مختصات محل زندگی       =
| مدفن                   =
| نام دیگر               =
| پیشه                   =
| سال‌های فعالیت          = ۱۹۸۹ - تاسا
| همسر                    =
| فرزندان                =
| تأثیرات                =
| تأثیرپذیرفته           =
| وبگاه                  = www.leonardodicaprio.com
| imdb_id                = 0000138
| جوایز اسکار            =
| جوایز آفی              =
| جایزه اریل             =
| جوایز بافتا            =
| جوایز سزار             =
| جوایز امی              =
| filmfareawards         =
| جوایز جمینای           =
| جوایز گلدن گلوب        = نقش اولی و...
| جوایز تمشک طلایی        =
| جوایز گویا             =
| جوایز گرمی             =
| جوایز ایفتا            =
| جوایز لورنس الیور      =
| naacpimageawards       =
| جوایز فیلم ملی         =
| جوایز ساگه             =
| جوایز تونی             =
| جوایز                  =
}}

'''لئوناردو ویلهلم دی‌کاپریو''' {{انگلیسی جه|Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio}} اتا [[آمریکایی]] بازیگر هسته که [[هالیوود]] دله کار کانده.

وه چندین بار [[اوسکار]] دله کاندیدا بیّه و [[رونانت]] فیلم وسّه اتا جایزه هم بوِرده. وه خله محیط زیست وسّه هم تلاش دانّه و [[متحد ملل سازمان]] وه ره زیستِ سفیر بنومسته.

== بیوگرافی ==
لئوناردو، [[۱۱ نوامبر]] [[۱۹۷۴ (میلادی)|۱۹۷۴]] [[کالیفورنیا]]ي [[لس‌آنجلس]] دله دنیا بموپه. ونه پییر '''جورج دی کاپریو''' نویسنده و ونه مار '''ارمهاین ایندربرکن''' و ماجان '''هلنا ایندربرکن''' بینه که معروفیتی داشتنه. ونه تیر-و-تبار [[ایتالیا]] و [[آلمان]] جه رسنه و سه/چاروم دی کپریو [[آلمان|آلمانی]] هسته. ونه نوم ره [[لئوناردو داوینچی]] جه بییتنه. ونه مار و پییر هدی جه ونه ات سالگی گادِر سیوا بَیینه و وه شه مار همراهی فقر جه گت بیّه.

لئوناردو سال [[۱۹۸۹ (میلادی)|۱۹۸۹]] '''گری بکمن''' نقش ره اتا سریال دله داشته و [[۱۹۹۳ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۳]] اتا نقش دومی ره خوب بازی هاکرده. همون سال اتا معلول ذهنی نقش ره [[واتس ایت گیلبرت گریپ]] دله داشته که [[جانی دپ]] هم اون فیلم دله دیّه. وه این فیلم جه [[اوسکار]] کاندیدا بیّه درحالیکه فقط نوزّه سال داشته. سال [[۱۹۹۶ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۶]] دی‌کاپریو رومئو نقش ره [[رومئو و ژولیت]] (اثر [[شکسپیر]]) دله بییته ونقره ای خرس  ره برلین دله بییته. ونه بتترین اثر [[تایتانیک]] ([[۱۹۹۷ (میلادی)|۱۹۹۷]]) بی‌یه که وه ره معروف هاکرده.

[[پرونده:Leo Scor Diaz(GangsofNY)-.jpg|بندانگشتی|راست|250px|لئوناردو دی کاپریو، [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] و [[کامرون دیاز]]؛ سال ۲۰۰۲]]
وه بعد تایتانیک دِتا فیلم دله بازی هاکرده که خله نخاش بینه و وه بائوته که خله سخته دِباره اوج جه برسه. ولی سال [[۲۰۰۲ (میلادی)|۲۰۰۲]] دی‌کاپیرو دِتا فیلم [[کچ می ایف یو کن]]&lt;ref&gt;Catch me if you can&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[استیون اسپیلبرگ]] و [[گانگز آف نیویورک]]&lt;ref&gt;Gangs of New York&lt;/ref&gt; بکارگردونی [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] ره بازی هاکرده که دِباره وه ره مجلات ِتیتر هاکردنه. وه [[آویاتور]] فیلم دله [[هاوارد هیوز]] ِرول ره بَییته و این نقش وسّه اوسکار ِنقش اولون ِکاندیدا بیّه. دی‌کاپریو انده اسکورسیزی وسّه فیلم بازی هاکرده که گانّه ونه وسّه [[رابرت دنیرو]] جا ره بَییته.

{{-}}
== فیلموگرافی ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! سال
! فیلم ِنوم ِمعنی
! فیلم ِنوم
! نقش
! کارگردون
! توضیحات
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ۲۰۲۵
| ''[[وان بتل افتر انادر|اتا جنگ، اتی جنگ په]]''
| One Battle After Another
| باب فرگوسن
|پال توماس اندرسون
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Paul Thomas Anderson Sets Next Film at Warner Bros. with Leonardo DiCaprio Starring|url=https://www.indiewire.com/news/breaking-news/paul-thomas-anderson-direct-leonardo-dicaprio-warner-bros-film-1234942282/|last=Bergeson|first=Samantha|website=[[IndieWire]]|date=January 10, 2024|access-date=January 10, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ruimy|first=Jordan|url=https://www.worldofreel.com/blog/2024/1/25/fmt2kqzphp30cdftpnexfj05ws6zvt|title=First Images of PTA and DiCaprio's Film in Eureka, California|date=January 30, 2024|access-date=January 30, 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۳
| ''[[کیلرز آف د فلاور مون|گُلِ ماهِ قاتلون]]''
| Killers of the Flower Moon
| [[ارنست بوکهارت]]
| [[مارتین اسکورسیزی]] 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://deadline.com/2021/02/jesse-plemons-leondardo-dicapprio-apples-killers-of-the-flower-moon-1234695616/|work=Deadline Hollywood|title=Jesse Plemons Joins Leonardo DiCaprio in Apple's 'Killers Of The Flower Moon'|date=February 17, 2021|accessdate=April 22, 2021|last=Kroll|first=Justin}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/1170125-martin-scorseses-killers-of-the-flower-moon-enters-production|publisher=ComingSoon.net|accessdate=April 22, 2021|date=April 19, 2021|last=Hermanns|first=Grant|title=Martin Scorsese’s Killers of the Flower Moon Enters Production}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[کید ۹۰|وچه ۹۰]]''
| Kid 90
|
|
| مستند. فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/soleil-moon-frye-to-give-never-before-seen-look-at-90s-hollywood-with-kid-90-documentary-for-hulu-exclusive|title=Soleil Moon Frye to Give Never-Before-Seen Look at '90s Hollywood With 'KID 90' Documentary for Hulu (Exclusive)|website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]|first=Chris|last=Gardner|date=August 25, 2020|access-date=February 11, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[تینارترین وال: ۵۲ چرخه‌تو]]''
| The Loneliest Whale: The Search for 52
| 
|
| مستند. فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/video/the-loneliest-whale-trailer-52-hertz-whale-documentary-release-date/|title='The Loneliest Whale' Trailer: Happy World Oceans Day From 52|website=Deadline Hollywood|first=Patrick|last=Hipes|date=June 8, 2021|access-date=June 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[فین (2021 فیلم)|فین]]''
| Fin
| 
| 
| مستند. فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2021/film/news/eli-roth-directing-shark-documentary-fin-discovery-plus-leonardo-dicaprio-1235004380/|title=Eli Roth Directing Shark Documentary 'Fin' for Discovery Plus (Exclusive)|work=[[Variety (magazine)]]|first=Brent|last=Lang|date=June 24, 2021|access-date=June 24, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |۲۰۲۱
| ''[[دونت لوک آپ|بالا ره نِش]]'' 
| Don't Look Up
| {{Sortname|دکتر رندال|میندی|nolink=۱}}
|تام مکی
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up|title=Leonardo DiCaprio, Meryl Streep Join Jennifer Lawrence in Adam McKay's 'Don’t Look Up'|website=The Hollywood Reporter|first=Borys|last=Kit|date=October 14, 2020|access-date=October 14, 2020|archive-date=17 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117102221/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-meryl-streep-join-jennifer-lawrence-in-adam-mckays-dont-look-up}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۹
| ''[[فرمول ای]]''
| Formula E
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/|work=Variety|title=Toronto Film Review: 'And We Go Green'|date=September 10, 2019|access-date=December 23, 2020|last=Tobias|first=Scott|archive-date=19 نوامبر 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201119110146/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/and-we-go-green-review-1203331210/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[آیس آن فایر|تش دله یخ]]''
| Ice on Fire
| راوی (صدا)
|
| مستند&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|title=Film Review: 'Ice on Fire'|work=Variety|date=June 11, 2019|access-date=September 25, 2019|last=Weissberg|first=Jay|archive-date=September 13, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913093410/https://variety.com/2019/film/reviews/ice-on-fire-review-1203239703/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[وانس آوپن ا تایم این هالیوود|روزی روزگاری، هالیوود دله]]''
| Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
| {{Sort|دالتون|ریک دالتون}}
|کوئنتین تارانتینو 
|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|title=Brad Pitt, Leonardo DiCaprio to Star in Quentin Tarantino's Sharon Tate Drama|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 28, 2018|access-date=July 29, 2018|last=Kit|first=Borys|archive-date=June 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616191354/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/brad-pitt-leonardo-dicaprio-star-quentin-tarantinos-once-a-time-hollywood-1089717|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[ریچارد جول (فیلم)|ریچارد جول]]''
| Richard Jewell
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|work=Variety|date=September 27, 2019|last=McNary|first=Dave|title=Clint Eastwood's 'Richard Jewell' Gets Awards Season Release|access-date=October 17, 2019|archive-date=September 30, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190930210857/https://variety.com/2019/film/news/clint-eastwood-richard-jewell-release-date-1203351895/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | ۲۰۱۸
| ''[[دلیریوم|شفت‌بئی]]''
| Delirium
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref name=DeadlineFebruary&gt;{{cite web|last1=Fleming Jr |first1=Mike |title=A Third Robin Hood Script Enters The Fray; This By King Arthur Scribe Joby Harold |url=https://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=Deadline Hollywood |date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629041922/http://deadline.com/2015/02/a-third-robin-hood-script-enters-the-fray-this-by-king-arthur-scribe-joby-harold-1201382551/ |archive-date=June 29, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[رابین هود (فیلم ۲۰۱۸)|رابین هود]]''
|Robin Hood
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|title=DiCaprio, Blum, King Team for Haunted House Pic|work=[[ورایتی|Variety (magazine)]]|first=Justin|last=Kroll|date=January 29, 2014|access-date=May 26, 2018|archive-date=August 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819082755/https://variety.com/2014/film/news/home-topher-grace-leonardo-dicaprio-1201076814/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[کوشش: شوکاسکی زندگی و گوم‌بئی هنر ]]''
| Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|title=Struggle: The Life and Lost Art of Szukalski|access-date=October 17, 2019|publisher=[[جشنواره بین‌المللی فیلم مستند آمستردام|International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam]]|archive-date=October 17, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191017094823/https://www.idfa.nl/en/film/11754a5e-d143-42b7-9144-5d2e31dd3687/struggle-the-life-and-lost-art-of-szukalski|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | ۲۰۱۶
| ''[[کچینگ د سان|خورشید ره بیتن]]''
|Catching the Sun 
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/watch/80061161?trackId=14277281&amp;tctx=0,0,a4744c08-ea15-49c6-82c4-30c5c5fd6a64-186980413,,|title=Catching the Sun|publisher=Netflix|access-date=September 19, 2018}}{{پیوند مرده|date=نوامبر ۲۰۲۲ |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[بیفور د فرود|پیش از سیل]]''
| Before the Flood
| شه
| 
| مستند. تهیه‌کر هم بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |title='Before the Flood': Leonardo DiCaprio's Toughest Role Yet |work=[[Men's Journal]] |first=Charles |last=Thorp |access-date=November 3, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104074836/http://www.mensjournal.com/entertainment/articles/before-the-flood-leonardo-dicaprios-toughest-role-yet-w447293 |archive-date=November 4, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[ د ایوری گیم|عاج کا]]''
| The Ivory Game 
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |title='The Ivory Game' Telluride Review: Urgent Documentary About Elephant Killing Is a Roar for Action |publisher=[[درپ|TheWrap]] |date=September 2, 2016 |access-date=October 2, 2016 |last=Abele |first=Robert |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008203930/http://www.thewrap.com/the-ivory-game-review/ |archive-date=October 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| ''[[لایو بای نایت|تا شو زنده بموند]]''
| Live by Night
|
|
|فقط تهیه‌کر بی‌یه. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |title=Ben Affleck And Warner Bros Set Next Film: Dennis Lehane Crime Novel 'Live By Night' |website=[[ددلاین هالیوود]] |date=May 7, 2013 |access-date=May 7, 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819050428/http://deadline.com/2013/05/ben-affleck-and-warner-bros-set-next-film-dennis-lehane-novel-live-by-night-491747/ |archive-date=August 19, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!۲۰۱۵
|[[رونانت|وردگاردسته]]
|{{به انگلیسی|The Revenant}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/apr/16/leonardo-dicaprio-the-revenant-alejandro-gonzalez-inarritu|title=Leonardo DiCaprio will make his return in The Revenant|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=April 16, 2014|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Child|first=Ben}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|گلس
|[[آلخاندرو گونزالز اینیاریتو]]
|
|-
!۲۰۱۴
|وایرونگا
|{{به انگلیسی|Virunga}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/news/virunga-on-netflix-leonardo-dicaprio-hopes-to-save-one-of-the-last-pristine-places-on-earth-with-moving-gorilla-documentary-9854259.html|title=Virunga on Netflix: Leonardo DiCaprio hopes to save 'one of the last pristine places on Earth' with moving gorilla documentary |work=[[ایندیپندنت|The Independent]]|publisher=Independent Print Limited|date=November 11, 2014|accessdate=January 21, 2015|last=Hooton|first=Christopher}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اورلاندو ون اینسیدل]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|-
|rowspan=4 |۲۰۱۳
|'' [[ولف آف وال استریت|وال استریت ِورگ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Wolf of Wall Street}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/449945/The-Wolf-of-Wall-Street/details|title=The Wolf of Wall Street (2013)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جردن بلفورت]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[اوت آف فورنیس|خارج از کوره]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Out of the Furnace}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/04/movies/out-of-the-furnace-with-christian-bale.html?_r=0|title=Fraternal Ties, of Gut and Sinew|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 3, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[اسکات کوپر]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[رانر رانر|رانر رانر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Runner Runner}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movie/runner-runner/review/635628|title=Runner Runner: Film Review|work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=September 25, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=McCarthy|first=Todd}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[برد فرمن]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|'' [[گریت گتسبی|گت ِگتسبی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Great Gatsby}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2013/film/reviews/the-great-gatsby-review-1200447930/|title=Film Review: ‘The Great Gatsby’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Foundas|first=Scott|date=May 5, 2013|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جی گتسبی]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|2012
|'' [[جنگو آنچیند|جنگوی آزاد شده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Django Unchained}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/26/entertainment/la-et-mn-django-unchained-quentin-tarantino-movie-reviews-critics-20121225|title='Django Unchained' a brazen, bloody spectacle, critics say|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=September 28, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|کلوین کندی
|[[کوئنتین تارانتینو]]
|
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2011 
|'' [[جی. ادگار]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|J.Edgar}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/leonardo-dicaprio-j-edgar-hoover-clint-eastwood-reviews-258802|title=Leonardo DiCaprio As J. Edgar Hoover: What The Critics Think |work=[[هالیوود ریپورتر|The Hollywood Reporter]]|publisher=[[Prometheus Global Media]]|date=November 8, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Schutte|first=Lauren}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جان ادگار هوور]]
|[[کلینت ایستوود]]
|
|-
|'' [[آیدز آف مارچ|نیمه ماه مارس]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Ides of March}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/451477/The-Ides-of-March/credits|title=The Ides of March (2011) – Production Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جرج کلونی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|'' [[رد ردینگ هود|گردش شنل‌قرمزی]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Red Riding Hood}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/11/movies/red-riding-hood-with-amanda-seyfried-review.html|title=The Girl Who Sighed Wolf|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=March 10, 2011|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کاترین هاردویک]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=3 | 2010 
|''[[اینسپشن|تلقین]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Inception}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2010/jul/18/inception-film-review-philip-french|title=Inception: Film Review|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=July 18, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=French|first=Philip}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دام کاب
|[[کریستوفر نولان]]
|
|-
|''[[هابل تری‌دی|هادبل ۳بعدی]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی| Hubble 3D}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2010/film/reviews/hubble-3d-1117942392/|title=Review: ‘Hubble 3D’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=March 14, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|&quot;راوی&quot;
|[[تونی مایرز]]
|
|-
|''[[ شاتر ایسلند|جزیره شاتر]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Shutter Island}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/shutter-island-2010|title=Shutter Island Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (2010)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=February 17, 2010|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ادوارد دنیلز
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2009
|''[[اورفن|یتیم]] ''
|{{به انگلیسی|Orphan}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/452043/Orphan/details|title=Orphan (2009)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[جوآم کولت-سرا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2008 
|''[[رولوشنری رود|انقلابی جاده ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Revolutionary Road}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Ebert|first=Roger|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/revolutionary-road-2008|title=Revolutionary Road Movie Review (2008)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 30, 2008|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فرانک ویلر
|[[سم مندز]]
|
|-
|''[[بادی آف لایز|مجموعه دروها]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Body of Lies}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.theguardian.com/film/2008/nov/21/body-of-lies-ridley-scott|title=Film review: Body of Lies|work=[[گاردین|The Guardian]]|publisher=[[Guardian Media Group]]|date=November 21, 2008|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|راجر فریس
|[[ریدلی اسکات]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2007 
|''[[گاردنر آف ادن|بهشت باغون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gardener of Eden}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/360959/Gardener-of-Eden/overview|title=Gardener of Eden (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Buchanan|first=Jason}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[کوین کانلی (بازیگر)|کوین کانلی]]
|تهیه کننده
|-
|''یازدهمین ساعت''
|{{به انگلیسی|The 11th Hour}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/17/movies/17hour.html?_r=0|title=The 11th Hour (2007)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=August 17, 2007|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| &quot;راوی&quot;
|[[نادیا کانرز]] و [[لیلا کانرز پترسن]]
| تهیه کننده
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2006 
|''[[بلاد دیاموند|الماس خونین]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Blood Diamond}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.richardroeper.com/reviews/blooddiamond.aspx|title=Blood Diamond Review|publisher=Richard Roeper|last=Roeper|first=Richard|authorlink=Richard Roeper|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|دنی آرچر
|[[ادوارد زوئیک]]
|
|-
|''[[دی‍پارتد|جا بموندسته]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Departed}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/06/movies/06depa.html?pagewanted=all&amp;_r=0|title=Scorsese’s Hall of Mirrors, Littered With Bloody Deceit|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=October 6, 2006|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Dargis|first=Manohla}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|بیلی کاستیگان
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2004 
|''ریچارد نیکسون ترور ''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Assassination of Richard Nixon}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/304506/The-Assassination-of-Richard-Nixon/credits|title=The Assassination of Richard Nixon|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|align=&quot;center&quot;|—
|[[نیلس مولر]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|''[[اویاتر|هوانورد]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Aviator}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/287834/The-Aviator/cast|title=The Aviator (2004) – Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[هاوارد هیوز]]
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|تهیه کننده اجرایی
|-
|rowspan=2 | 2002 
|''[[کچ می آف یو کن|اگه میتونی منو بگیر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Catch Me If You Can}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Holiday-Movies-Sit-back-and-enjoy-his-flight-2743359.php|title=Holiday Movies / Sit back and enjoy his flight / DiCaprio tries to stay one step ahead of the law in Spielberg's lighthearted 'Catch Me If You Can'|work=[[سان‌فرانسیسکو کرونیکل|San Francisco Chronicle]]|publisher=[[هرست کورپوریشن|Hearst Corporation]]|date=December 25, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[فرانک ابگنیل]]
|[[استیون اسپیلبرگ]]
|
|-
|''[[گنگز آف نیویورک|نیویورکی گانگسترون]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Gangs of New York}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/gangs-of-new-york-2002|title=Gangs of New York Movie Review (2002)|publisher=Roger Ebert|date=December 20, 2002|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Ebert|first=Roger}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آمستردام والن
|[[مارتین اسکورسیزی]]
|
|-
|2001
|دونز پلام
|{{به انگلیسی|Don's Plum}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/2001/film/reviews/don-s-plum-1200466817/|title=Review: ‘Don’s Plum’|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|last=Cockrell|first=Eddie|date=February 12, 2001|accessdate=September 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|درک
|[[ر.د. راب]]
|
|-
|2000
|''[[بیچ|ساحل]]''
| {{به انگلیسی|The Beach}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/181889/The-Beach/details|title=The Beach (2000)|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|ریچارد
|[[دنی بویل]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1998 
|''[[سلبریتی|شهرت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Celebrity}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/celebrity-1998|title=Celebrity Movie Review &amp; Film Summary|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=November 20, 1998|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|براندون دارو
|[[وودی آلن]]
|
|-
|''[[من این آیرون ماسک|مردی آهنی ماسک جه]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The man in the iron mask}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/160668/The-Man-in-the-Iron-Mask/cast|title=The Man in the Iron Mask|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[لویی چهاردهم]]
|[[رندل والاس]]
|
|-
|1997
|''[[تایتانیک (فیلم)|تایتانیک]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Titanic}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/titanic-1997|title=Titanic Movie Review &amp; Film Summary (1997)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|date=December 19, 1997|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جک داوسن
|[[جیمز کامرون]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1996 
|''[[ماروینز روم]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Marvin's Room}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/marvin-s-room-2-1117436693/|title=Review: 'Marvin’s Room'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=December 14, 1996|last=Levy|first=Emanuel|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|هنک
|[[جری زکس]]
|
|-
|''[[رومئو و ژولیت]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Romeo+juliet}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://variety.com/1996/film/reviews/william-shakespeare-s-romeo-juliet-1200447070/|title=Review: 'William Shakespeare’s Romeo &amp; Juliet'|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|publisher=[[Penske Media Corporation]]|date=October 27, 1996|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[رومئو]]
|[[باز لورمان]]
|
|-
|rowspan=4 | 1995 
|''[[توتال اکلیپس|کسوف کامل]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Total Eclipse}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1995-11-03/entertainment/ca-64257_1_eclipse-poet-rimbaud|title=Movie Review : 'Eclipse' a Grim Tale of Licentious Poets|work=[[لس‌آنجلس تایمز|Los Angeles Times]]|publisher=[[Tribune Publishing]]|date=November 3, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Turan|first=Kenneth}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[آرتور رمبو]]
|[[آگنیشکا هولاند]]
|
|-
|''[[بسکتبال دایریز|بسکتبال خاطرات ]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The Basketball Diaries}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=990CE1DC1F39F932A15757C0A963958260|title=The Basketball Diaries (1995) Film Review; Looking for Poetry In All the Wrong Places|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=April 21, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|[[جیم کرول]]
|[[اسکات کالورت]]
|
|-
|''[[کوییک اند دید|برنده و بازنده]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|The quike and the dead}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/the-quick-and-the-dead-1995|title=The Quick and the Dead Movie Review (1995)|publisher=Roger Ebert|last=Ebert|first=Roger|authorlink=Roger Ebert|date=February 10, 1995|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|فی هرود «بچه»
|[[سام ریمی]]
|
|-
|''[[هاندرد اند وان نایتز|هزار و یک شب]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|One Hundred and One Nights}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/133605/One-Hundred-and-One-Nights/cast|title=One Hundred and One Nights – Full Acting Credits|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|[[آنیس واردا]]
|
|-
|rowspan=2 | 1993 
|''[[واتز ایتینگ گیلبرت گریپ|چچی گیلبرت گریپ ره خانّه؟]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|What's Eating Gilbert Grape}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9F0CE0D61631F934A25751C1A965958260|title=Review/Film; Johnny Depp as a Soulful Outsider|work=[[نیویورک تایمز|The New York Times]]|publisher=[[آرتور او. سالزبرگر|Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, Jr.]]|date=December 17, 1993|accessdate=September 29, 2014|last=Maslin|first=Janet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|آرنی گریپ
|[[لاسه هالستروم]]
|
|-
|''[[دیس بویز لایف|زندگی این پسر]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|This Boy's Life}}
|توبی ولف
|[[مایکل کتون-جونز]]
|
|-
|1992
|''[[پیسون ایوی|پیچک سمی (فیلم ۱۹۹۲)]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Poison Ivy}} 
|شخص
|کت شی
|
|-
|1991
|''[[کریترز ۳|مخلوق ۳]]''
|{{به انگلیسی|Critters 3}} |&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Ferguson|first=John|url=http://www.radiotimes.com/film/w9tc/critters-3|title=Critters 3|work=[[Radio Times]]|publisher=[[Immediate Media Company]]|accessdate=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|جاش
|[[کریستین پیترسون]]
|
|}

== پانویس ==
{{پانویس|۲|چپ‌چین=بله}}

== منابع ==
{{ویکی‌انبار-رده|Leonardo DiCaprio}}
{{ترتیب پیش‌فرض|دی‌کاپریو لئوناردو}}

[[رج:لئوناردو دی‌کاپریو| ]]
[[رج:امریکا بازیگرون]]
[[رج:زننه آدمون]]
[[رج:گت مردمون لس آنجلس]]
[[رج:آمریکای آلمانی‌تبارون]]</text>
      <sha1>6gjx814x4qn03x91ae3p1yrdjk5s9d3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>مازو</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36699</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392079</id>
      <parentid>321483</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:43:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[رج:دارون]] حذف شد; [[رج:موزی]] اضافه شد با استفاده از [[ویکی‌پدیا:رج‌ساز]]</comment>
      <origin>392079</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="661" sha1="1qyaelsok3sy70pj5mr0zqewsscrk14" xml:space="preserve">{{صندخ/موجود}}
'''مازو''' اتی دار نوم هسته که [[بلوط|موزی]] تبار جه انه. این دار آسیایِ شرقی کشورون دله قرن‌ها بعنوان دِوا استفاده بی‌یه. مازو جه دباغی و رنگ بساتن دله هم استفاده کننه.

== گالری ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Quercus boissieri Izmir.jpg|پئیز گلام
Quercus boissieri galls 2.JPG|
Quercus boissieri galls 3.JPG|
Gall_on_quercus_boissieri,_Israel.jpg|
Quercus boissieri gall 1.JPG|
Quercus infectoria.jpg|تلور
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== منابع ==
{{پانویس|2}}
* انگلیسی ویکی‌پدیا

[[رج:موزی]]</text>
      <sha1>1qyaelsok3sy70pj5mr0zqewsscrk14</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ماژول:Citation/CS1</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>41035</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392077</id>
      <parentid>328957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:11:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392077</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="227620" sha1="fj3sbeb8z6kqtxtws2nxss9s9nnw18y" xml:space="preserve">require ('strict');

--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------

each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit

]]

local validation;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation

local utilities;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local z = {};																	-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local identifiers;																-- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
local metadata;																	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist


--[[------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;---------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from
other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local added_deprecated_cat;														-- Boolean flag so that the category is added only once
local added_vanc_errs;															-- Boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category
local added_generic_name_errs;													-- Boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_errs;													-- Boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_maint;													-- Boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name maint category and stop testing names once a category has been emitted
local Frame;																	-- holds the module's frame table
local is_preview_mode;															-- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module)
local is_sandbox;																-- true when using sandbox modules to render citation


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I R S T _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table,
left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.

This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs
version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate
the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.

]]

local function first_set (list, count)
	local i = 1;
	while i &lt;= count do															-- loop through all items in list
		if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then
			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist.
To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.

added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function add_vanc_error (source, position)
	if added_vanc_errs then return end
		
	added_vanc_errs = true;														-- note that we've added this category
	utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S C H E M E &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it
is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says:
	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a
   letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus
   (&quot;+&quot;), period (&quot;.&quot;), or hyphen (&quot;-&quot;).

returns true if it does, else false

]]

local function is_scheme (scheme)
	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?

Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5
BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234
Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15;
	see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]]
list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db

RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit.  Between
the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen.

Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported

domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD.  tld
is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped
here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.

There are several tests:
	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit
	internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490
	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs
	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD
	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD
	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters)
	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed

returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false

]=]

local function is_domain_name (domain)
	if not domain then
		return false;															-- if not set, abandon
	end
	
	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', '');											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once
	
	if not domain:match ('^[%w]') then											-- first character must be letter or digit
		return false;
	end

	if domain:match ('^%a+:') then												-- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource
		return false;
	end

	local patterns = {															-- patterns that look like URLs
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$',										-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$',									-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix
		'%f[%a][qxz]%.com$',													-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%a][iq]%.net$',														-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$',													-- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars)
		'%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$',												-- two character hostname and TLD
		'^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?',								-- IPv4 address
		'[%a%d]+%:?'                                                            -- IPv6 address
		}

	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- loop through the patterns list
		if domain:match (pattern) then
			return true;														-- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL
		end
	end

	for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do					-- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains
		if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false;																-- no matches, we don't know what this thing is
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false.

This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that
are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external
wikilinks.

]]

local function is_url (scheme, domain)
	if utilities.is_set (scheme) then											-- if scheme is set check it and domain
		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain);
	else
		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S P L I T _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.

First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).

If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.

When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one
or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.

Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//).  TODO: are there other common schemes
like news: that don't use authority indicator?

Strip off any port and path;

]]

local function split_url (url_str)
	local scheme, authority, domain;
	
	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')

	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL
		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)')
	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name
		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions
		if utilities.is_set (authority) then
			authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1);							-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing;
			if utilities.is_set(authority) then									-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		else
			if not scheme:match ('^news:') then									-- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test?
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		end
		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present
	end
	
	return scheme, domain;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs

Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed:
	# &lt; &gt; [ ] | { } _
except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links

returns false when the value contains any of these characters.

When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the
|&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is NOT ok).

]]

local function link_param_ok (value)
	local scheme, domain;
	if value:find ('[&lt;&gt;%[%]|{}]') then                                          -- if any prohibited characters
		return false;
	end

	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; 
	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

Use link_param_ok() to validate |&lt;param&gt;-link= value and its matching |&lt;title&gt;= value.

|&lt;title&gt;= may be wiki-linked but not when |&lt;param&gt;-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when
that condition exists

check &lt;link&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link prefix.  prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code and must begin with a colon.

]]

local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig)
	local orig;
	if utilities.is_set (link) then 											-- don't bother if &lt;param&gt;-link doesn't have a value
		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |&lt;param&gt;-link= markup
			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter
		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup
			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter
		elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then										-- if the link is what looks like an interwiki
			local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower();						-- get the interwiki prefix

			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then									-- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon
				orig = lorig;													-- flag as error
			end
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (orig) then
		link = '';																-- unset
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig);						-- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=;
	end
	
	return link;																-- link if ok, empty string else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.

First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the URL into scheme and domain
portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two
portions of the URL.  If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.

Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links
that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name
is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4

]]

local function check_url( url_str )
	if nil == url_str:match (&quot;^%S+$&quot;) then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL
		return false;
	end
	local scheme, domain;

	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL;
	
	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups
		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$');
	end
	
	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------

Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first
non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL.  The test will also find external wikilinks
that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs.

The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs.  The tests that
find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=,
and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]]
is possible as might be [[en://Hus]].

]=]

local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value)
local scheme, domain;

	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then								-- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)'));
	elseif value:match ('//%S+') then											-- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain
	else
		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL
	end

	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.

]]

local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list)
	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list
		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message
			table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions

]]

local function safe_for_url( str )
	if str:match( &quot;%[%[.-%]%]&quot; ) ~= nil then 
		utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {});
	end
	
	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	
		['['] = '&amp;#91;',
		[']'] = '&amp;#93;',
		['\n'] = ' ' } );
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Format an external link with error checking

]]

local function external_link (URL, label, source, access)
	local err_msg = '';
	local domain;
	local path;
	local base_url;

	if not utilities.is_set (label) then
		label = URL;
		if utilities.is_set (source) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
		else
			error (cfg.messages[&quot;bare_url_no_origin&quot;]);							-- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter
		end			
	end
	if not check_url (URL) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
	end
	
	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path
	if path then																-- if there is a path portion
		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'});			-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values
		URL = table.concat ({domain, path});									-- and reassemble
	end

	base_url = table.concat ({ &quot;[&quot;, URL, &quot; &quot;, safe_for_url (label), &quot;]&quot; });		-- assemble a wiki-markup URL

	if utilities.is_set (access) then											-- access level (subscription, registration, limited)
		base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url});	-- add the appropriate icon
	end

	return base_url;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;--------------------------------------

Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the
offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated
parameters in the citation.

added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function deprecated_parameter(name)
	if not added_deprecated_cat then
		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name});				-- add error message
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; K E R N _ Q U O T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote
mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.

This function will positive kern either single or double quotes:
	&quot;'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'&quot;
	&quot; 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' &quot; (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned.

Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter
quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks.

Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles.

]=]

local function kern_quotes (str)
	local cap = '';
	local wl_type, label, link;

	wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str);							-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
	
	if 1 == wl_type then														-- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks
		if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then		-- leading and trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+%]%]')	then			-- leading quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then				-- trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		end

	else																		-- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\&quot;');							-- replace “” (U+201C &amp; U+201D) with &quot; (typewriter double quote mark)
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\'');							-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 &amp; U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark)

		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^([\&quot;\'][^\'].+)&quot;);						-- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap);
		end
	
		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^(.+[^\'][\&quot;\'])$&quot;)						-- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap);
		end
		
		if 2 == wl_type then
			str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label);						-- reassemble the wikilink
		else
			str = label;
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E &gt;----------------------------------------

|script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should
not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped
in italic markup.

Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt;...&lt;/bdi&gt; tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right.

|script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon:
	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character)
Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed:
	|script-title=ja : *** ***
	|script-title=ja: *** ***
	|script-title=ja :*** ***
Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***

The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang=&quot;ja&quot;) is added to the &lt;bdi&gt; tag so that browsers can
know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute
is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.

Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=

]]

local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param)
	local lang='';																-- initialize to empty string
	local name;
	if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then									-- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix
		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script
		if not utilities.is_set (lang) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']});		-- prefix without 'title'; add error message
			return '';															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string
		end
																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script
		name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code );	-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize
		if utilities.is_set (name) then											-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code?
			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', '');				-- strip prefix from script
																				-- is prefix one of these language codes?
			if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang})
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']});	-- unknown script-language; add error message
			end
			lang = ' lang=&quot;' .. lang .. '&quot; ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']});		-- invalid language code; add error message
			lang = '';															-- invalid so set lang to empty string
		end
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']});				-- no language code prefix; add error message
	end
	script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is RTL

	return script_value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E &gt;------------------------------------------

Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script
value has been wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt; tags.

]]

local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param)
	if utilities.is_set (script) then
		script = format_script_value (script, script_param);					-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error
		if utilities.is_set (script) then
			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title
		end
	end
	return title;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ M S G &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list
configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates.  Additional text taken
from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().

]]

local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	end
	if true == lower then
		local msg;
		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before 
		return utilities.substitute ( msg, str );								-- including template text
	else
		return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str );
	end		
end


--[[----------------&lt; W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E &gt;-------------------

Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link.  Returns the URL and appropriate
label; nil else.

str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link=

]]

local function wikisource_url_make (str)
	local wl_type, D, L;
	local ws_url, ws_label;
	local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'});

	wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str);								-- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink)

	if 0 == wl_type then														-- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link=
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 1 == wl_type then													-- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]]
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 2 == wl_type then													-- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]])
		str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_label = D;														-- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink
				});
		end
	end

	if ws_url then
		ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI');								-- make a usable URL
		ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#');										-- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker
	end

	return ws_url, ws_label, L or D;											-- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil
end


--[[----------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L &gt;-----------------------

Format the three periodical parameters: |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=, |&lt;periodical&gt;=,
and |trans-&lt;periodical&gt;= into a single Periodical meta-parameter.

]]

local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical)

	if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then
		periodical = '';														-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical);			-- style 
	end

	periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then
		trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical);
		if utilities.is_set (periodical) then
			periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical;
		else																	-- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical
			periodical = trans_periodical;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'});
		end
	end

	return periodical;
end


--[[------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E &gt;---------------

Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=,
and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used
for error messages).

]]

local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, chapter_source, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access)
	local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter);					-- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link
	if ws_url then
		ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' ');									-- replace underscore separators with space characters
		chapter = ws_label;
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then
		chapter = '';															-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		if false == no_quotes then
			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);									-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter);
		end
	end

	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then
		chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
	elseif ws_url then
		chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter');	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this?
		chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter});				
	end

	if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then
		trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter);
		if utilities.is_set (chapter) then
			chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter;
		else																	-- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter
			chapter = trans_chapter;
			chapter_source = trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)');		-- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-&lt;param&gt;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {chapter_source});
		end
	end

	return chapter;
end


--[[----------------&lt; H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S &gt;-------------------

This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters.
The search stops at the first match.

This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource.

Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers
(gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message.
See also coins_cleanup().

Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the
Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or,
for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value.

]]

local function has_invisible_chars (param, v)
	local position = '';														-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker
	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker
	local stripmarker;															-- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found

	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true
	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no Unicode characters
		return;
	end

	for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do
		local char_name = invisible_char[1];									-- the character or group name
		local pattern = invisible_char[2];										-- the pattern used to find it
		position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern);					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern
		
		if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then				-- if we found a zero-width joiner character
			if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then						-- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then			-- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}?
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			end
		end
		
		if position then
			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or						-- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition)
				('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then	-- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters
					stripmarker = true;											-- set a flag
			elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then	-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker
				position = nil;													-- unset
			else
				local err_msg;
				if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then
					err_msg = capture .. ' ' .. char_name;
				else
					err_msg = char_name .. ' ' .. 'character';
				end

				utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position});	-- add error message
				return;															-- and done with this parameter
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R &gt;----------------------

Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined
in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to
single internal variable.

]]

local function argument_wrapper ( args )
	local origin = {};
	
	return setmetatable({
		ORIGIN = function ( self, k )
			local dummy = self[k];												-- force the variable to be loaded.
			return origin[k];
		end
	},
	{
		__index = function ( tbl, k )
			if origin[k] ~= nil then
				return nil;
			end
			
			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k];
			
			if type( list ) == 'table' then
				v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' );
				if origin[k] == nil then
					origin[k] = '';												-- Empty string, not nil
				end
			elseif list ~= nil then
				v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
			else
				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k);
			end
			
			-- Empty strings, not nil;
			if v == nil then
				v = '';
				origin[k] = '';
			end
			
			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
			return v;
		end,
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O W R A P _ D A T E &gt;-------------------------

When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: &lt;span ...&gt;YYYY-MM-DD&lt;/span&gt;.
When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span:
&lt;span ...&gt;DD MMMM&lt;/span&gt; YYYY or &lt;span ...&gt;MMMM DD,&lt;/span&gt; YYYY

DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.

]]

local function nowrap_date (date)
	local cap = '';
	local cap2 = '';

	if date:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$&quot;) then
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date);
	
	elseif date:match(&quot;^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or date:match (&quot;^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) then
		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, &quot;^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$&quot;);
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2});
	end
	
	return date;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E &gt;---------------------

This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including
|type=&lt;default value&gt;) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the
special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation
(|type=none).

]]

local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type)
	if utilities.is_set (title_type) then
		if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then
			title_type = '';													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
		end
		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
	end

	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or '';									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ J O I N &gt;-----------------------------

Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.

]]

local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char )
	local f = {};																-- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character'
		if 1 == #duplicate_char then											-- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions
			f.gsub = string.gsub
			f.match = string.match
			f.sub = string.sub
		else																	-- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions
			f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
			f.match = mw.ustring.match
			f.sub = mw.ustring.sub
		end

	local str = '';																-- the output string
	local comp = '';															-- what does 'comp' mean?
	local end_chr = '';
	local trim;
	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
		if value == nil then value = ''; end
		
		if str == '' then														-- if output string is empty
			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop)
		elseif value ~= '' then
			if value:sub(1, 1) == '&lt;' then										-- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
				comp = value:gsub( &quot;%b&lt;&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot; );								-- remove HTML markup (&lt;span&gt;string&lt;/span&gt; -&gt; string)
			else
				comp = value;
			end
																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc
			if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then							-- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character?
																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the
																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.?
				trim = false;
				end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1);									-- get the last character of the output string
				-- str = str .. &quot;&lt;HERE(enchr=&quot; .. end_chr .. &quot;)&quot;				-- debug stuff?
				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator
					str = f.sub(str, 1, -2);									-- remove it
				elseif end_chr == &quot;'&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;''&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc'' 
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. &quot;''&quot;;						-- remove them and add back ''
					elseif  f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]''&quot; then	-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' 
						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous?
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]''&quot; then	-- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' 
						trim = true;											-- same question
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot;]&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink 
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '&quot;]' then	-- if last three chars of str are sepc&quot;] quoted external link 
						trim = true;
					elseif  f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]&quot; then	-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;'']&quot; then	-- normal case when |url=something &amp; |title=Title.
						trim = true;
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot; &quot; then										-- if last char of output string is a space
					if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot; &quot; then			-- if last two chars of str are &lt;sepc&gt;&lt;space&gt;
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -3);								-- remove them both
					end
				end

				if trim then
					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup
						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
						if f.match(dup2, &quot;%A&quot; ) then dup2 = &quot;%&quot; .. dup2; end	-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it
						
						value = f.gsub(value, &quot;(%b&lt;&gt;)&quot; .. dup2, &quot;%1&quot;, 1 )		-- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup
					else
						value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 );							-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character
					end
				end
			end
			str = str .. value; 												-- add it to the output string
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S U F F I X &gt;-----------------------------

returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9.
Puncutation not allowed.

]]

local function is_suffix (suffix)
	if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then
		return true;
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------&lt; I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E &gt;-------------------

For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin
(read ASCII) characters.  When a name uses characters that contain diacritical
marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin
character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that
name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this
so editors may/must.

This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined
in the four Unicode Latin character sets
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F

|lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes.
	(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
|firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods

This original test:
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$&quot;)
	or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$&quot;) then
was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor
gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has
been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes
of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor
to maintain this code.

	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls)
	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls)
	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A &amp; B)
	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)

]]

local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position)
	if not suffix then
		if first:find ('[,%s]') then											-- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix
			first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+');									-- get name/initials
			suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$');								-- get generational suffix
		end
	end
	if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
		if not is_suffix (suffix) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);
			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix
		end
	end
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%']*$&quot;) or
		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%'%.]*$&quot;) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position);
			return false;														-- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization
	end;
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S &gt;------------------------------------------

Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc.  

Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period.
See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.

Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered
as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/.
This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format
because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.

This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the
Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().

]]

local function reduce_to_initials (first, position)
	if first:find (',', 1, true) then
		return first;															-- commas not allowed; abandon
	end

	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$&quot;);

	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix
		name = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+)$&quot;);								-- is it just initials?
	end

	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix
		if 3 &gt; mw.ustring.len (name) then										-- if one or two initials
			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix
				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate?
					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do
				else
					add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);			-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message
					return first;												-- and return first unmolested
				end
			else
				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do
			end
		end
	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word

	local initials_t, names_t = {}, {};											-- tables to hold name parts and initials
	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials

	names_t = mw.text.split (first, '[%s%-]+');									-- split into a sequence of names and possible suffix

	while names_t[i] do															-- loop through the sequence
		if 1 &lt; i and names_t[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot)
			names_t[i] = names_t[i]:gsub ('%.', '');							-- remove terminal dot if present
			if is_suffix (names_t[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix
				table.insert (initials_t, ' ' .. names_t[i]);					-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials sequence
				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name
			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization
		end
		if 3 &gt; i then
			table.insert (initials_t, mw.ustring.sub (names_t[i], 1, 1));		-- insert the initial at end of initials sequence
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the counter
	end
			
	return table.concat (initials_t);											-- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------

extract interwiki prefixen from &lt;value&gt;.  Returns two one or two values:
	false – no prefixen
	nil – prefix exists but not recognized
	project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of:
		:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
		:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
	project prefix, nil – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known single-letter prefix
	nil, language prefix – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known language prefix

accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this
writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and
v (wikiversity)) are not supported.

]]

local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link)
	if not value:find (':%l+:') then											-- if no prefix
		return false;															-- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later
	end

	local prefix_patterns_linked_t = {											-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',												-- wikilinked; project and language prefixes
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',												-- wikilinked; language and project prefixes
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):',														-- wikilinked; project prefix
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):',														-- wikilinked; language prefix
		}
		
	local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = {										-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',													-- project and language prefixes
		'^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',													-- language and project prefixes
		'^:([dsw]):',															-- project prefix
		'^:(%l%l+):',															-- language prefix
		}
	
	local cap1, cap2;
	for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do
		cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern);
		if cap1 then
			break;																-- found a match so stop looking
		end
	end
	
	if cap1 and cap2 then														-- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed)
		if 1 == #cap1 then														-- length == 1 then :project:language:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap1, cap2;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		else																	-- here when :language:project:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap2, cap1;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		end
		return nil;																-- unknown interwiki language
	elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then												-- both are nil?
		return nil;																-- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail
	elseif 1 == #cap1 then														-- here when one capture
		return cap1, nil;														-- length is 1 so return project, nil language
	else																		-- here when one capture and its length it more than 1
		if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then										-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
			return nil, cap1;													-- return nil project, language
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I S T _ P E O P L E &gt;--------------------------

Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) 

names in the list will be linked when
	|&lt;name&gt;-link= has a value
	|&lt;name&gt;-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been
		rendered previously so should have been linked there

when |&lt;name&gt;-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered

]]

local function list_people (control, people, etal)
	local sep;
	local namesep;
	local format = control.format;
	local maximum = control.maximum;
	local name_list = {};

	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like name styling?
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc'];									-- name-list separator between names is a comma
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc'];							-- last/first separator is a space
	else
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl'];										-- name-list separator between names is a semicolon
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name'];									-- last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	end
	
	if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= &quot; &quot; then sep = sep .. &quot; &quot; end
	if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum &lt; 1 then return &quot;&quot;, 0; end		-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names
	
	for i, person in ipairs (people) do
		if utilities.is_set (person.last) then
			local mask = person.mask;
			local one;
			local sep_one = sep;

			if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i &gt; maximum then
				etal = true;
				break;
			end
			
			if mask then
				local n = tonumber (mask);										-- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else
				if n then
					one = 0 ~= n and string.rep(&quot;&amp;mdash;&quot;, n) or nil;			-- make a string of (n &gt; 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name
					person.link = nil;											-- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil
				else
					one = mask;													-- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator)
					sep_one = &quot; &quot;;												-- modify name-list separator
				end
			else
				one = person.last;												-- get surname
				local first = person.first										-- get given name
				if utilities.is_set (first) then
					if (&quot;vanc&quot; == format) then									-- if Vancouver format
						one = one:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then		-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested
							first = reduce_to_initials (first, i);				-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials
						end
					end
					one = one .. namesep .. first;
				end
			end
			if utilities.is_set (person.link) then
				one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one);				-- link author/editor
			end

			if one then															-- if &lt;one&gt; has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement)
				local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true);			-- get the interwiki prefixen if present
				if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then
					proj = nil;													-- for stuff like :w:de:&lt;article&gt;, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if proj then
					local proj_name = ({['d'] = 'Wikidata', ['s'] = 'Wikisource', ['w'] = 'Wikipedia'})[proj];	-- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project
					if proj_name then 
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj_name);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interproj-linked-name', proj);	-- categorize it; &lt;proj&gt; is sort key
						tag = nil;												-- unset; don't do both project and language
					end
				end
				if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then
					tag = nil;													-- stuff like :en:&lt;article&gt; at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if tag then
					local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];
					if lang then												-- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interwiki-linked-name', tag);	-- categorize it; &lt;tag&gt; is sort key
					end
				end

				table.insert (name_list, one);									-- add it to the list of names
				table.insert (name_list, sep_one);								-- add the proper name-list separator
			end
		end
	end

	local count = #name_list / 2;												-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2
	if 0 &lt; count then 
		if 1 &lt; count and not etal then
			if 'amp' == format then
				name_list[#name_list-2] = &quot; &amp; &quot;;								-- replace last separator with ampersand text
			elseif 'and' == format then
				if 2 == count then
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and;		-- replace last separator with 'and' text
				else
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end;		-- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text
				end
			end
		end
		name_list[#name_list] = nil;											-- erase the last separator
	end

	local result = table.concat (name_list);									-- construct list
	if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then									-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list
		result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al'];						-- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al.
	end
	
	return result, count;														-- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only)
end


--[[--------------------&lt; M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D &gt;-----------------------

Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise
returns an empty string.

namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that
order.  year is Year or anchor_year.

]]

local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year)
	local names={};							-- a table for the one to four names and year
	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do			-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names
		names[i] = v.last
		if i == 4 then break end			-- if four then done
	end
	table.insert (names, year);				-- add the year at the end
	local id = table.concat(names);			-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id
	if utilities.is_set (id) then			-- if concatenation is not an empty string
		return &quot;CITEREF&quot; .. id;				-- add the CITEREF portion
	else
		return '';							-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E &gt;------------------------------

construct &lt;cite&gt; tag class attribute for this citation.

&lt;cite_class&gt; – config.CitationClass from calling template
&lt;mode&gt; – value from |mode= parameter

]]

local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode)
	local class_t = {};
	table.insert (class_t, 'citation');											-- required for blue highlight
	if 'citation' ~= cite_class then
		table.insert (class_t, cite_class);										-- identify this template for user css
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	else
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	end
	for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do
		table.insert (class_t, prop_key);										-- identify various properties for user css or javascript
	end

	return table.concat (class_t, ' ');											-- make a big string and done
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L &gt;--------------------------

Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on
the theme of et al.  If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and
the function returns the modified name and the flag.

This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because
it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated
|display-&lt;names&gt;=etal parameter

]]

local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param)

	if utilities.is_set (name) then												-- name can be nil in which case just return
		local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; 									-- get patterns from configuration
		
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- loop through all of the patterns
			if name:match (pattern) then										-- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name
				name = name:gsub (pattern, '');									-- remove the offending text
				etal = true;													-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-&lt;names&gt;=etal)
				if not nocat then												-- no categorization for |vauthors=
					utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param});				-- and set an error if not added
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return name, etal;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C &gt;----------------------

Add an error message and category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value does not contain letters.  

Add a maintenance category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value has numeric characters mixed with characters that are 
not numeric characters; could be letters and/or punctuation characters.

This function will only emit one error and one maint message for the current template.  Does not emit both error
and maint messages/categories for the same parameter value.

returns nothing

]]

local function name_is_numeric (name, name_alias, list_name)
	local patterns = {
		'^%D+%d',																-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits preceded by other characters
		'^%D*%d+%D+',															-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits followed by other characters
		}

	if not added_numeric_name_errs and mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then	-- if we have not already set an error message and &lt;name&gt; does not have any alpha characters
		utilities.set_message ('err_numeric_names', name_alias);				-- add an error message
		added_numeric_name_errs = true;											-- set the flag so we emit only one error message
		return;																	-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
	end

	if not added_numeric_name_maint then										-- if we have already set a maint message
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- spin through list of patterns
			if mw.ustring.match (name, pattern) then							-- digits preceded or followed by anything but digits; %D+ includes punctuation
				utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint cat for this template
				added_numeric_name_maint = true;								-- set the flag so we emit only one maint message
				return;															-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-----------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names.
Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any &quot;unescaped&quot;
semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities.
If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category.

Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says
that the generational suffix does not take a separator character).  Titles, degrees,
postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation.

&lt;name&gt; – name parameter value
&lt;list_name&gt; – AuthorList, EditorList, etc
&lt;limit&gt; – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names

returns nothing

]]

local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit)
	local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps;
	limit = limit and limit or 1;
	if utilities.is_set (name) then
		_, commas = name:gsub (',', '');										-- count the number of commas
		_, semicolons = name:gsub (';', '');									-- count the number of semicolons
		-- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in
		-- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the
		-- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add
		-- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new
		-- entities
		_, nbsps = name:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;','');										-- count nbsps
		
		-- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &amp;nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps
		-- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added,
		-- they also can be subtracted.
		if limit &lt; commas or 0 &lt; (semicolons - nbsps) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint message
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as &lt;item&gt; in the function call.
&lt;item&gt; can have on of two values:
	'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc
	'generic_titles' – for |title=

There are two types of generic tests.  The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the
'reject' test.  For example,
	|author=[[John Smith (author)|Smith, John]]
would be rejected by the 'author' reject test.  But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be
rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening.  Accept tests are always performed before reject
tests.

Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local'])
that each can hold a test sequence table  The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index
[2], a boolean control value.  The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true)
or a pattern search (false).  The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so
that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles.

Returns
	true when a reject test finds the pattern or string
	false when an accept test finds the pattern or string
	nil else

]=]

local function is_generic (item, value, wiki)
	local test_val;
	local str_lower = {															-- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.lower,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.lower,
		}
	local str_find = {															-- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.find,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.find,
		}

	local function test (val, test_t, wiki)										-- local function to do the testing; &lt;wiki&gt; selects lower() and find() functions
		val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val;						-- when &lt;test_t[2]&gt; set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value
		return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]);					-- return nil when not found or matched
	end
		
	local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'};									-- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns
	local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'};											-- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second

	for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do								-- for each test type
		for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do	-- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject
			for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do
				if generic_value[wiki] then
					if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then				-- go do the test
						return ('reject' == test_type);							-- param value rejected, return true; false else
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;------------------------------------------------

calls is_generic() to determine if &lt;name&gt; is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; &lt;name_alias&gt; is the
parameter name used in error messaging

]]

local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias)
	if not added_generic_name_errs  and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias);					-- set an error message
		added_generic_name_errs = true;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ C H E C K S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters.

]]

local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias)
	local accept_name;

	if utilities.is_set (last) then
		last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last);				-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;last&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;last&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);								-- check for multiple names in the parameter
			name_is_numeric (last, last_alias, list_name);						-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (last, last_alias);									-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (first) then
		first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;first&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;first&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0);							-- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name
			name_is_numeric (first, first_alias, list_name);					-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (first, first_alias);								-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
		local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first);
		if 0 ~= wl_type then
			first = D;
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias);
		end
	end

	return last, first;															-- done
end


--[[----------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ N A M E S &gt;-------------------------

Gets name list from the input arguments

Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters
(or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching
when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts:
found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the
search is done.

This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching
|lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not
required to have a matching |firstn=.

When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.'
is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people()
to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps
'et al.' out of the template's metadata.  When this occurs, an error is emitted.

]]

local function extract_names(args, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names
	local last;																	-- individual name components
	local first;
	local link;
	local mask;
	local i = 1;																-- loop counter/indexer
	local n = 1;																-- output table indexer
	local count = 0;															-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter

	local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias;									-- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging
	while true do
		last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
		first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
	
		if last then															-- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true);		-- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last);						-- remove wikilink markup; show display value only
			end
		end
		
		if link then															-- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false);		-- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				link = nil;														-- unset so we don't link
				link_alias = nil;
			end
		end
		
		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias);				-- find and remove variations on et al.
		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias);			-- find and remove variations on et al.
		last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias);						-- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks

		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
			local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first';	-- get first or given form of the alias
			utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', {
				first_alias,													-- param name of alias missing its mate
				first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}),	-- make param name appropriate to the alias form
				});																-- add this error message
		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
			if 2 &lt;= count then													-- two missing names and we give up
				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
			end
		else																	-- we have last with or without a first
			local result;
			link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias);			-- check for improper wiki-markup

			if first then
				link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias);	-- check for improper wiki-markup
			end

			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only)
			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table
			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing
				utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match (&quot;(%w+)List&quot;):lower(), i - 1});	-- add this error message
			end
			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location
	end
	
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ T A G _ G E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

attempt to decode |language=&lt;lang_param&gt; and return language name and matching tag; nil else.

This function looks for:
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{}
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{}
	
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t
when those fail, presume that &lt;lang_param&gt; is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize.  Strip all
script, region, variant, whatever subtags from &lt;lang_param&gt; to leave just a two or three character language tag
and look for the new &lt;lang_param&gt; in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{}

on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil

]]

local function name_tag_get (lang_param)
	local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param);						-- use lowercase as an index into the various tables
	local name;
	local tag;

	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc];									-- assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name 
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;lang_param&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		if cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2] ~= lang_param_lc then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
			return name, cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2];					-- so return name and tag from lang_name_remap[name]; special case to xlate sr-ec and sr-el to sr-cyrl and sr-latn
		end
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- still assuming that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags
	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag];												-- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;tag&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, tag;														-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then									-- not a remapped tag, assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag 
		return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2];	-- for this &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag
	end

	name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name
	
	if name then
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag so return it and &lt;name&gt;
	end
	
	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag
	
	if tag then
		return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag;								-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name so return the name from the table and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- is &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? &lt;tag&gt; gets the language subtag; nil else

	if tag then
		name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];									-- attempt to get a language name using the shortened &lt;tag&gt;
		if name then
			return name, tag;													-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return &lt;name&gt; and language subtag
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;------------------

Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code
is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that
was provided with the language parameter.

When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is
assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no).
For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category
for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.

Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does
not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is
recognized but code 'ara' is not.

This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th
where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with
optional space characters.

]]

local function language_parameter (lang)
	local tag;																	-- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags
	local lang_subtag;															-- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags the MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag
	local name;																	-- the language name
	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered
	local names_t = {};															-- table made from the value assigned to |language=

	local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (cfg.this_wiki_code, cfg.this_wiki_code);	-- get this wiki's language name

	names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');									-- names should be a comma separated list

	for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do											-- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag
		name, tag = name_tag_get (lang);										-- attempt to get name/tag pair for &lt;lang&gt;; &lt;name&gt; has proper capitalization; &lt;tag&gt; is lowercase

		if utilities.is_set (tag) then
			lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');					-- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag

			if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then							-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language
				if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then									-- and is a two-character tag
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {name, tag}, lang_subtag);		-- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization
				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag)
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);			-- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template?
				end
			elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then								-- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag});		-- categorize it
			end
		else
			name = lang;														-- return whatever &lt;lang&gt; has so that we show something
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
		end
		
		table.insert (language_list, name);
		name = '';																-- so we can reuse it
	end
 
	name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list);
	if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then		-- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English'
		return '';																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation)
	end
	return (&quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)'
	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list
	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format
	]]
end


--[[-----------------------&lt; S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode.
Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default.
In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'.
In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','.

]]

local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode)
	if utilities.is_set(postscript) then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style
		if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
	else
		postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode];
	end
	return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S T Y L E &gt;-----------------------------

Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the
#invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none.

]]

local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class)
	local sep;
	if 'cs2' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	elseif 'cs1' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	elseif 'citation' == cite_class	then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	else
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	end

	if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style
		if 'cs2' == mode or ('cs1' ~= mode and 'citation' == cite_class) then	-- {{citation |title=Title |mode=cs1 |postscript=none}} should not emit maint message
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
		postscript = '';
	end
	
	return sep, postscript
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P D F &gt;-----------------------------------

Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions
used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links.

returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false

]=]

local function is_pdf (url)
	return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or
		url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or
		url:match ('%.PDF&amp;#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&amp;#035');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T Y L E _ F O R M A T &gt;-----------------------

Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message
if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter.  If the format parameter
is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document
by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with
the appropriate styling.

]]

local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param)
	if utilities.is_set (format) then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format);						-- add leading space, parentheses, resize
		if not utilities.is_set (url) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param});	-- add an error message
		end
	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');						-- set format to PDF
	else
		format = '';															-- empty string for concatenation
	end
	return format;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor
name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero,
return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default
but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.').

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number
that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.
This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'

In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.

inputs:
	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal
	count: #a or #e
	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors'
	etal: author_etal or editor_etal

This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but
not when &lt;max&gt; comes from {{cs1 config}} global settings.  When using global settings, &lt;param&gt; is set to the
keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error.  Error is suppressed because it is to be expected
that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in {{cs1 config}}.

]]

local function get_display_names (max, count, list_name, etal, param)
	if utilities.is_set (max) then
		if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '') then						-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al.
			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names()
		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers
			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number
			if (max &gt;= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then					-- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting
				utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});			-- add error message
				max = nil;
			end
		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number
			utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});				-- add error message
			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set
		end
	end
	
	return max, etal;
end


--[[----------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K &gt;---------------

Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be
some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.

check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value:
	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px
		      where x and X are letters and # is a digit
	bad pattern:  '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG

]]

local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name)
	if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then
		for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do		-- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns
			if val:match (pattern) then											-- when a match, error so
				utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name);	 		-- add error message
				return;															-- and done
			end
		end
	end		
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------

Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator.  Applies to
both; this function looks for issue text in both |issue= and |volume= and looks for volume-like text in |voluem=
and |issue=.

For |volume=:
	'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter
	content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so
	are allowed.

For |issue=:
	'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the
	parameter content (all case insensitive); numero styling: 'n°' with degree sign U+00B0, and № precomposed
	numero sign U+2116.
	
Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or
whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module.
	
&lt;val&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter value
&lt;name&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message
&lt;selector&gt; is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue=

sets error message on failure; returns nothing

]]

local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector)
	if not utilities.is_set (val) then
		return;
	end
	
	local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue';
	val = val:lower();															-- force parameter value to lower case

	for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vi_patterns_t) do			-- spin through the sequence table of patterns
		if val:match (pattern) then												-- when a match, error so
			utilities.set_message (handler, name);								-- add error message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled
parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the
rendered citation and in the metadata.  Individual author names may be wikilinked

	|vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.))

]=]

local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table)
	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, &quot;%s*,%s*&quot;);						-- names are separated by commas
	local wl_type, label, link;													-- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder
	
	local i = 1;
	
	while name_table[i] do
		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses
			local name = name_table[i];
			i = i + 1;															-- bump indexer to next segment
			while name_table[i] do
				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments
				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses
					break;														-- and done reassembling so
				end
				i = i + 1;														-- bump indexer
			end
			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table
			table.insert (output_link_table, '');								-- no wikilink
		else
			wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]);		-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
			table.insert (output_table, label);									-- add this name
			if 1 == wl_type then
				table.insert (output_link_table, label);						-- simple wikilink [[D]]
			else
				table.insert (output_link_table, link);							-- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string
			end
		end
		i = i + 1;
	end	
	return output_table;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S &gt;--------------------------------

This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and
|xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.

Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names
may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance
tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.

Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.

This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.

]]

local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn=
	local v_name_table = {};
	local v_link_table = {};													-- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter
	local last, first, link, mask, suffix;
	local corporate = false;

	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period)
	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table);		-- names are separated by commas

	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do
		first = '';																-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
		local accept_name;
		v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;v_name&gt;

		if accept_name then
			last = v_name;
			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people()
		elseif string.find(v_name, &quot;%s&quot;) then
			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; 
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i);
			end
			local lastfirstTable = {}
			lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, &quot;%s+&quot;)
			first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);								-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix

			if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then						-- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters
				suffix = first;													-- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix
				first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);							-- get what should be the initials from the table
			end
			last = table.concat(lastfirstTable, ' ')							-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix
			if not utilities.is_set (last) then
				first = '';														-- unset
				last = v_name;													-- last empty because something wrong with first
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i);
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i);			-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- matches a space between two initials
			end
		else
			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this?
		end
		
		if utilities.is_set (first) then
			if not mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^%u?%u$&quot;) then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials
			end
			is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i);							-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit
			if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials
				suffix = '';													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names
			end
		else
			if not corporate then
				is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i);
			end
		end

		link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i];
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list
	end
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E &gt;------------------------

Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or
select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.

Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest;
|editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn)

When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second
test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better
way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.

Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.

In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate.

]]

local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name)
	local lastfirst = false;
	if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ...
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors=
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then
			lastfirst = true;
	end

	if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or					-- these are the three error conditions
		(utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or
		(true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then
			local err_name;
			if 'AuthorList' == list_name then									-- figure out which name should be used in error message
				err_name = 'author';
			else
				err_name = 'editor';
			end
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', err_name .. '-name-list parameters');	-- add error message
	end

	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use
	if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end;
	if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end;
	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last 
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E &gt;------------------------------

This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number
of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing
or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val.  If the parameter value is one
of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value
specified by ret_val.

TODO: explain &lt;invert&gt;

]]

local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert)
	if not utilities.is_set (value) then
		return ret_val;															-- an empty parameter is ok
	end

	if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then				-- normal; &lt;value&gt; is in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return cfg.keywords_xlate[value];										-- return translation of parameter keyword
	elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then				-- invert; &lt;value&gt; is not in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return value;															-- return &lt;value&gt; as it is
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value});			-- not an allowed value so add error message
		return ret_val;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------

This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space
when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two
closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a
single space character.

]]

local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc)
	if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then					-- if already properly terminated
		return name_list;														-- just return the name list
	elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char
		return name_list .. &quot; &quot;;												-- don't add another
	else
		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terminate the name list
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E &gt;-----------------------------------------

returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single
string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.

]]
	
local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then
		return '';
	end

	-- same condition as in format_pages_sheets()
	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);

	local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$'));	-- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits?
	local is_long_vol = volume and (4 &lt; mw.ustring.len(volume));				-- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters?
	
	if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then						-- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters?
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol');									-- yes, add properties cat
	end

	if is_journal then															-- journal-style formatting
		local vol = '';

		if utilities.is_set (volume) then
			if is_numeric_vol then												-- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume});	-- render in bold face
			elseif is_long_vol then												-- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- not bold
			else																-- four or fewer characters
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- bold
			end
		end
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or '')
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or '')
		return vol;
	end
	
	if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
	
	if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then			-- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites
		if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then		-- both volume and article number
			return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower);
		elseif utilities.is_set (article) then									-- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below
			return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower);
		end
	end

	-- all other types of citation
	if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower);
	elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower);
	else
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S &gt;-----------------------------------------

adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings.
The return order is:
	page, pages, sheet, sheets

Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.

]]

local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower)
	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators
		if utilities.is_set (sheet) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), '';
			else
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), '';
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower);
			else
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower);
			end
		end
	end

	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);
	
	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		else
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', '';
		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then							-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		else
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		end
	end
	
	return '', '', '', '';														-- return empty strings
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. 

If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text
for use in COinS.  This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and
add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span.  TODO: should it?  

TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline;

TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned
to a new name)?

]]

local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at)
	local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L;										-- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?)

	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then
			pages = '';															-- unset the others
			at = '';
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig);								-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page);						-- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in page');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if utilities.is_set (at) then
			at = '';															-- unset
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig);							-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages);						-- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in pages');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (at) then
		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at);							-- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in at');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	end
	
	return page, pages, at, coins_pages;
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value

]]

local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date)
	if utilities.is_set (archive) then
		if archive == url or archive == c_url then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});	-- add error message
			return '', '';														-- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url=
		end
	end

	return archive, date;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------

Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the 
save snapshot URL or to calendar pages.  When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...)
archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow
unwitting readers to do.

When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own
algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results.

This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and
|archive-date= and an error message when:
	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL
	|archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the
		correct place
otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=

There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs:
	//web.archive.org/&lt;timestamp&gt;...		-- the old form
	//web.archive.org/web/&lt;timestamp&gt;...	-- the new form

The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags
('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore)
we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.

This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified
archive URL:
	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/)
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)

A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those urls that have them (archive.org and
archive.today).  The timestamp is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date=
matches the timestamp in the archive url.

]=]

local function archive_url_check (url, date)
	local err_msg = '';															-- start with the error message empty
	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.org URL
	
	timestamp = url:match ('//archive.today/(%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d%d)/') or	-- get timestamp from archive.today urls
		url:match ('//archive.today/(%d%d%d%d%.%d%d%.%d%d%-%d%d%d%d%d%d)/');		-- this timestamp needs cleanup
	if timestamp then															-- if this was an archive.today url ...
		return url, date, timestamp:gsub ('[%.%-]', '');						-- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp (dots and dashes removed) from |archive-url=, and done
	end
																				-- here for archive.org urls
	if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then		-- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL
		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end

	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page 
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save;
		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL
	elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb;
	else
		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');	-- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation
		if not path then														-- malformed in some way; pattern did not match
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
		elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then										-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			if '*' ~= flag then
				local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d');	-- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY)
				if replacement then												-- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year)
					replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len());	-- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp
					url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display
				end
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then					-- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then		-- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then		-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		else
			return url, date, timestamp;										-- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
		end
	end
																				-- if here, something not right so
	utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg});						-- add error message and

	if is_preview_mode then
		return url, date, timestamp;											-- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
	else
		return '', '';															-- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P L A C E _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits.  This function added because
many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that)

returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits

]]

local function place_check (param_val)
	if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then									-- parameter empty or omitted
		return param_val;														-- return that empty state
	end
	
	if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then									-- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value
		utilities.set_message ('maint_location');								-- yep, add maint cat
	end
	
	return param_val;															-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y &gt;----------------------------------------------

compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else

]]

local function is_archived_copy (title)
	title = mw.ustring.lower(title);											-- switch title to lower case
	if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then			-- if title is 'Archived copy'
		return true;
	elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then
		if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then	-- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script
			return true;
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S _ S E L E C T &gt;--------------------------------------

for any of the |display-authors=, |display-editors=, etc parameters, select either the local or global setting.
When both are present, look at &lt;local_display_names&gt; value.  When the value is some sort of 'et al.'string,
special handling is required.

When {{cs1 config}} has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= AND this template has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal AND:
	the number of names specified by &lt;number_of_names&gt; is:
		greater than the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter (&lt;global_display_names&gt;)
			use global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value
			set overridden maint category
		less than or equal to the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=  parameter
			use local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value

The purpose of this function is to prevent categorizing a template that has fewer names than the global setting
to keep the etal annotation specified by &lt;local_display_names&gt;.

]]

local function display_names_select (global_display_names, local_display_names, param_name, number_of_names, test)
	if global_display_names and utilities.is_set (local_display_names) then		-- when both
		if 'etal' == local_display_names:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '') then		-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			number_of_names = tonumber (number_of_names);						-- convert these to numbers for comparison
			local global_display_names_num = tonumber (global_display_names);	-- &lt;global_display_names&gt; not set when parameter value is not digits

			if number_of_names &gt; global_display_names_num then					-- template has more names than global config allows to be displayed?
				utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');				-- set a maint message because global is overriding local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal
				return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';						-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
			else
				return local_display_names, param_name;							-- return local because fewer names so let &lt;local_display_names&gt; control
			end
		end
																				-- here when &lt;global_display_names&gt; and &lt;local_display_names&gt; both numbers; &lt;global_display_names&gt; controls
		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	end
																				-- here when only one of &lt;global_display_names&gt; or &lt;local_display_names&gt; set
	if global_display_names then
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	else
		return local_display_names, param_name;									-- return local
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N 0 &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.

]]

local function citation0( config, args )
	--[[ 
	Load Input Parameters
	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable.
	]]
	local A = argument_wrapper ( args );
	local i 

	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	

	local author_etal;
	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors=
	local Authors;
	local NameListStyle;
		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then						-- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
		else
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');
		end

		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then	-- when template has |name-list-style=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
			utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');					-- set a maint message
		end

	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList');
		if 1 == selected then
			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 3 == selected then
			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |people= or |credits=; |authors= is deprecated; TODO: constrain |people= and |credits= to cite av media, episode, serial?
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required
		end
	end

	local editor_etal;
	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList');	-- support for |editors= withdrawn
		if 1 == selected then
			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		end
	end
							
	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];												-- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= aliases
	local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter');
	local Contribution;															-- because contribution is required for contributor(s)
		if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then
			Contribution = Chapter;												-- get the name of the contribution
		end
	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites
		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
		
		if 0 &lt; #c then
			if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then							-- |contributor= requires |contribution=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution');	-- add missing contribution error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author');	-- add missing author error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
		end
	else																		-- if not a book cite
		if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters?
			utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored');					-- add contributor ignored error message
		end
		Contribution = nil;														-- unset
	end

	local Title = A['Title'];
	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];

	local auto_select = '';														-- default is auto
	local accept_link;
	TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true);	-- test for accept-this-as-written markup
	if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords
		auto_select = TitleLink;												-- remember selection for later
		TitleLink = '';															-- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty
	end

	TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set

	local Section = '';															-- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used
	if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then
		Section = A['Chapter'];													-- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}}
		Chapter = '';															-- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present
	end

	local Periodical = A['Periodical'];
	local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical');
	local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical'];
	local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical');
	local TransPeriodical =  A['TransPeriodical'];
	local TransPeriodical_origin =  A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical');
	
	if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical))) then
		local param;
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters
			Periodical = '';													-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = Periodical_origin											-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then
			TransPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = TransPeriodical_origin;										-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			ScriptPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = ScriptPeriodical_origin;									-- get parameter name for error messaging
		end

		if utilities.is_set (param) then										-- if we found one
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param});			-- emit an error message
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
		local i;
		Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical);			-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated 
		if i then																-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin});
		end
	end

	if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for {{cite mailing list}}
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then	-- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')});
		end

		Periodical = A ['MailingList'];											-- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}}
		Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList');
	end

	-- web and news not tested for now because of 
	-- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_&quot;Cite_Web&quot;_errors?
	if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then	-- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter
	--	local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'};	-- for error message
		local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'};			-- for error message
		if p[config.CitationClass]  then
			utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]});
		end
	end
	
	local Volume;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then	-- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then					-- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website=
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		else
			Volume = A['Volume'];												-- and does for non-'periodical' cites
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then	-- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings
		Volume = A['Volume'];
	end	
	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v');	

	local Issue;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then	-- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used
			Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']);
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then	-- conference &amp; map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table
		if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then
			Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Issue']);
		end
	end
	
	local ArticleNumber;

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then
		ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber'];
	end

	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i');	

	local Page;
	local Pages;
	local At;
	local QuotePage;
	local QuotePages;
	if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then		-- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message?
		Page = A['Page'];
		Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']);	
		At = A['At'];
		QuotePage = A['QuotePage'];
		QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']);
	end

	local Edition = A['Edition'];
	local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace'));
	local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place'));
	
	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
	local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName');
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then
		local i = 0;
		PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName);	-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized
		if i and (0 &lt; i) then													-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin});
		end
	end
	
	if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'});
	end

	local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup'];											-- TODO: strip apostrophe markup?
	local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup');	

	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then	-- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin});
		end

		PublisherName = nil;													-- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS
	end

	local URL = A['URL'];														-- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL?
	local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	
	if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then
		UrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url');
	end
	
	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
	local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then
		ChapterUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')});
	end

	local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then
		MapUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'});
	end

	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language
	local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	-- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories
	if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then								-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
		if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then				-- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids?
			no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;											-- set no_tracking_cats
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns
			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
				no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;										-- set no_tracking_cats
				break;															-- bail out if one is found
			end
		end
	end
																				-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it)
	utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters');	-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category

	local coins_pages;
	
	Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At);

	local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test');								-- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together
		if PublicationPlace == Place then
			Place = '';															-- unset; don't need both if they are the same
		end
	elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- when only |place= (|location=) is set ...
		PublicationPlace = Place;												-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
	end

	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end							-- don't need both if they are the same

	local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL
	local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL
	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');
	local Format = A['Format'];
	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat'];
	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
	local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter');
	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle'];
	
	--[[
	Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
	When the citation has these parameters:
		|encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
		|encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering

		|trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped
		|url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped
	
	All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified
	
	]]

	local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];										-- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS
	local ScriptEncyclopedia = A['ScriptEncyclopedia'];
	local TransEncyclopedia = A['TransEncyclopedia'];

	if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then	-- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}}
		if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then
			if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')});
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia')});
			end
			Encyclopedia = nil;													-- unset these because not supported by this template
			ScriptEncyclopedia = nil;
			TransEncyclopedia = nil;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (TransEncyclopedia) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'encyclopedia'});
	end

	if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then	-- when both parameters set emit an error message; {{citation}} only; Periodical not allowed in {{cite encyclopedia}}
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin});
		end

		if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then
			Periodical = Encyclopedia;											-- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering; {{citation}} could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia
			Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia');
			ScriptPeriodical = ScriptEncyclopedia;
			ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia');

			if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then
				if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= params to |article= params for rendering
					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
					ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle')
					TransChapter = TransTitle;
					ChapterURL = URL;
					ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
					ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
					ChapterFormat = Format;

					if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then
						Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter);
					end
					Title = Periodical;											-- now map |encyclopedia= params to |title= params for rendering
					ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
					TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
					Periodical = '';											-- redundant so unset
					ScriptPeriodical = '';
					URL = '';
					Format = '';
					TitleLink = '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then	-- |title= not set
				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
				ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
				TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
				Periodical = '';												-- redundant so unset
				ScriptPeriodical = '';
			end
		end
	end

	-- special case for cite techreport.
	local ID = A['ID'];
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;techreport&quot;) then								-- special case for cite techreport
		if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then									-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue'
			if not utilities.is_set (ID) then									-- can we use ID for the &quot;number&quot;?
				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it
			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')});
			end
		end	
	end

	-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode
	local Conference = A['Conference'];
	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
	local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle');
	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then
			Chapter = Title;
			Chapter_origin = 'title';
	--		ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapter-link= is deprecated
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			URL_origin = '';
			ChapterFormat = Format;
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin;
			Title = BookTitle;
			Format = '';
	--		TitleLink = '';
			TransTitle = '';
			URL = '';
		end
	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then
		Conference = '';														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string
	end
	
	-- CS1/2 mode
	local Mode;
		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then									-- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |mode= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
			Mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
		else
			Mode = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode'), cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');
		end

		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (A['Mode']) then	-- when template has |mode=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
			utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');					-- set a maint message
		end

	-- separator character and postscript
	local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass);
	-- controls capitalization of certain static text
	local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );
	
	-- cite map oddities
	local Cartography = &quot;&quot;;
	local Scale = &quot;&quot;;
	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or '';
	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or '';
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;map&quot; then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)});	-- add error message
		end
		Chapter = A['Map'];
		Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map');
		ChapterURL = A['MapURL'];
		ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL');
		TransChapter = A['TransMap'];
		ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap']
		ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap')

		ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess;
		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat'];

		Cartography = A['Cartography'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then
			Cartography = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase);
		end		
		Scale = A['Scale'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then
			Scale = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Scale;
		end
	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local Series = A['Series'];
	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then
		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];

		SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set

		local Network = A['Network'];
		local Station = A['Station'];
		local s, n = {}, {};
																				-- do common parameters first
		if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
		if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' ');
		
		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}}
			local Season = A['Season'];
			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];

			if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then	-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')});		-- add error message
				SeriesNumber = '';												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno=
			end
																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series
			if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter
	
			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter
			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
			ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle');
			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias |episode-link=
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			ChapterFormat = Format;

			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title
			TitleLink = SeriesLink;
			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number

			if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- link but not URL
				Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter);
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- if both are set, URL links episode;
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series);
			end
			URL = '';															-- unset
			TransTitle = '';
			ScriptTitle = '';
			Format = '';
			
		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial
			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday?
			if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series);
			end
			Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);				-- series is italicized
		end	
	end
	-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff

	-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
	local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
	local Degree = A['Degree'];
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then
		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
		if utilities.is_set (Degree) and &quot;Thesis&quot; == TitleType then				-- special case for cite thesis
			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower();
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then										-- if type parameter is specified
		TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);	-- display it in parentheses
	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem
	end

	-- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
	local Date = A['Date'];
 	local Date_origin;															-- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging
	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
	local Year = A['Year'];

	if utilities.is_set (Year) then
		validation.year_check (Year);											-- returns nothing; emits maint message when |year= doesn't hold a 'year' value
	end
		
	if not utilities.is_set (Date) then
		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date
		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
		if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date
			PublicationDate = '';												-- unset, no longer needed
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate');							-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		else
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year');										-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		end
	else
		Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date');											-- not a promotion; name required for error messaging
	end

	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation

	--[[
	Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
	we get the date used in the metadata.
	
	Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
	]]

	local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], '');
	if not utilities.is_set (DF) then
		DF = cfg.global_df;														-- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template
	end

	local ArchiveURL;
	local ArchiveDate;
	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat'];
	local archive_url_timestamp;												-- timestamp from wayback machine url
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate'])
	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url');
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate);		-- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL

	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification
	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
	local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier
	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch
		local error_message = '';
																				-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it
		local date_parameters_list = {
			['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')},
			['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')},
			['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin},
			['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
			['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
			['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')},
			['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')},
			};

		local error_list = {};
		anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list);

		if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then				-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; 
			validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list);
		end

		if 0 == #error_list then												-- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty
			local modified = false;												-- flag
			
			if utilities.is_set (DF) then										-- if we need to reformat dates
				modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate
			end

			if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then	-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate
				modified = true;
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format');					-- hyphens were converted so add maint category
			end
			
	-- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki
			if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated');				-- add maint cat
				modified = true;
			end

			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified
				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val;			-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values
				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val;
				Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val;
				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val;
				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val;
			end

			if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				validation.archive_date_check (ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp, DF);	-- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate
			end
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});	-- add this error message
		end
	end	-- end of do

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or	-- {{cite book}}, {{cite encyclopedia}}; TODO: {{cite conference}} and others?
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or			-- {{citation}} as an encylopedia citation
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then		-- {{citation}} as a book citation
			if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
				if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
					local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d'));	-- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number
					if date and (1850 &lt;= date) then								-- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later
						utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher');	-- add maint cat
					end
				else															-- PublisherName has a value
					if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then			-- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations)
						PublisherName = '';										-- unset
					end
				end
			end
	end

	local ID_list = {};															-- sequence table of rendered identifiers
	local ID_list_coins = {};													-- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key
	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier
	
	local ID_support = {
		{A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')},				
		{DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
		{Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
		}

	ID_list, ID_list_coins = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, {DoiBroken = DoiBroken, ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'], Embargo = Embargo, Class = Class}, ID_support);

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates
		if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or 		-- can't use ID_list_coins k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted
			args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then			-- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing');		-- add error message
		end

		Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass];
	end

	-- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free

	if config.CitationClass == &quot;journal&quot; and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for &quot;no title&quot; instead
		if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then						-- if auto-linking not disabled
 	 		if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then						-- manual selection
		 		URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select];					-- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link
 				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1];	-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then						-- auto-select PMC
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'];						-- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];				-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then						-- auto-select DOI
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'];
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1];
			end
 	 	end

		if utilities.is_set (URL) then											-- set when using an identifier-created URL
			if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then								-- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');			-- add an error message
				AccessDate = '';												-- unset
			end

			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then								-- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');				-- add an error message
				ArchiveURL = '';												-- unset
			end
		end
	end

	-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
	-- Test if citation has no title
	if	not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then	-- has special case for cite episode
		utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'});
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and
			utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and
			(utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and
			('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then	-- special case for journal cites
				Title = '';														-- set title to empty string
				utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');						-- add maint cat
	end

	-- COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) for automated parsing of citation information.
	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that
	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title
	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap 
	
	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required
	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu
	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then
			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap
			coins_title = Periodical;
		end
	end
	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au 
	if 0 &lt; #c then																-- but if contributor list
		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead
	end
	
	-- this is the function call to COinS()
	local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({
		['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical),		-- no markup in the metadata
		['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia,										-- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS
		['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),	-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only
		['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),		-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid;
		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn,
		['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter,
		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron,
		['Series'] = Series,
		['Volume'] = Volume,
		['Issue'] = Issue,
		['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber,
		['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)),	-- pages stripped of external links
		['Edition'] = Edition,
		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup,							-- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName
		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2),
		['Authors'] = coins_author,
		['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins,
		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
	}, config.CitationClass);

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed
		Periodical = '';														-- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal
	end

	-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text
	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then
		PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil ));
	end

	local Editors;
	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list
	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list
	local contributor_etal;
	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list
	local translator_etal;
	local t = {};																-- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs
	t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');									-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
	local Interviewers;															
	local interviewers_list = {};					
	interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList');				-- process preferred interviewers parameters
	local interviewer_etal;
	
	-- Now perform various field substitutions.
	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
	do
		local last_first_list;
		local control = { 
			format = NameListStyle,												-- empty string, '&amp;', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc'
			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set
			mode = Mode
		};

		do																		-- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], A['DisplayEditors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'), #e);
			control.maximum, editor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #e, 'editors', editor_etal, param);

			Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal);

			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 &lt; #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then 
				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation
			end
		end
		do																		-- now do interviewers
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], A['DisplayInterviewers'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'), #interviewers_list);
			control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #interviewers_list, 'interviewers', interviewer_etal, param);

			Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do translators
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], A['DisplayTranslators'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'), #t);
			control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #t, 'translators', translator_etal, param);

			Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do contributors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], A['DisplayContributors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'), #c);
			control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #c, 'contributors', contributor_etal, param);

			Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do authors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], A['DisplayAuthors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'), #a, author_etal);
			control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #a, 'authors', author_etal, param);

			last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal);

			if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors');	-- find and remove variations on et al.
				if author_etal then
					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter
				end
			else
				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string
			end
		end																		-- end of do
	
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			Authors = Authors .. ' (' .. Collaboration .. ')';					-- add collaboration after et al.
		end

	end

	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat'];
	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url');
	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url');

	-- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported
	if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then
			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url');
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (URL) then
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;, &quot;podcast&quot;, &quot;mailinglist&quot;}) or		-- |url= required for cite web, cite podcast, and cite mailinglist
			('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then	-- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website=
				utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url');
		end
		
		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=?
		if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then		-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set;
			utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');
			AccessDate = '';
		end
	end

	local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], '');
	local OriginalURL
	local OriginalURL_origin
	local OriginalFormat
	local OriginalAccess;
	UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower();												-- used later when assembling archived text
	if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then
		if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then 									-- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it
			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text
			OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin;								-- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |chapter-format=

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then
				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's URL
				ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages
				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or '';							-- swap in archive's format
				ChapterUrlAccess = nil;											-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then
			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL
			OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin;									-- name of URL parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format=
			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess;

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then											-- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it
				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's URL
				URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive URL parameter for error messages
				Format = ArchiveFormat or '';									-- swap in archive's format
				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then									-- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set
 		utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
			local chap_param;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then
				chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin;
			else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat)
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat')
			end

			if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then								-- if we found one
				utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param});	-- add error message
				Chapter = '';													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation
				TransChapter = '';
				ChapterURL = '';
				ScriptChapter = '';
				ChapterFormat = '';
			end
	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title
		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value
		if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 &lt; #c then						-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s)
			if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title
				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted
			end
		end

		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, Chapter_origin, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess);		-- Contribution is also in Chapter
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ;
			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then
				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title
			end
			Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' ';
		elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then							-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ...
			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it
		end
	end

	-- Format main title
	local plain_title = false;
	local accept_title;
	Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true);		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;Title&gt;
	if accept_title and ('' == Title) then										-- only support forced empty for now &quot;(())&quot;
		Title = cfg.messages['notitle'];										-- replace by predefined &quot;No title&quot; message
			-- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...);	-- issue proper error message instead of muting	 
			ScriptTitle = '';													-- just mute for now	 
			TransTitle = '';													-- just mute for now
 		plain_title = true;														-- suppress text decoration for descriptive title
		utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if not accept_title then													-- &lt;Title&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then											-- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title=
			Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1');							-- limit the number of dots to three
		elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and					-- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ...
			not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then						-- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.)
				Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', '');			-- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters
		end

		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy');						-- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title
		end

		if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title');						-- set an error message
		end
	end

	if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or
		('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then		-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article
			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title);
			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
	elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then				-- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above)
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );	-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title
	else
		Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title);
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle);
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) then
			TransTitle = &quot; &quot; .. TransTitle;
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'});
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Title) then											-- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs?
		if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url');						-- set an error message because we can't have both
			TitleLink = '';														-- unset
		end
	
		if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format;
			URL = '';															-- unset these because no longer needed
			Format = &quot;&quot;;
		elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then
			local ws_url;
			ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink);							-- ignore ws_label return; not used here
			if ws_url then
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle;
			end
		else
			local ws_url, ws_label, L;											-- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink)
			ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'&quot;]*(.-)[\'&quot;]*$', '%1'));	-- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label
			if ws_url then
				Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label);							-- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			end
		end
	else
		Title = TransTitle;
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Place) then
		Place = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;
	end

	local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL
	if utilities.is_set (Conference) then
		if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Position = '';
	if not utilities.is_set (Position) then
		local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
		local Time = A['Time'];

		if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then		--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')});
			end
			Position = &quot; &quot; .. Minutes .. &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['minutes'];
		else
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then
				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
				if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then
					TimeCaption = cfg.messages['event'];
					if sepc ~= '.' then
						TimeCaption = TimeCaption:lower();
					end
				end
				Position = &quot; &quot; .. TimeCaption .. &quot; &quot; .. Time;
			end
		end
	else
		Position = &quot; &quot; .. Position;
		At = '';
	end

	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase);

	At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. At) or &quot;&quot;;
	Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Position) or &quot;&quot;;
	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
		local Sections = A['Sections'];											-- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier
		local Inset = A['Inset'];
		
		if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then
			Inset = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase);
		end			

		if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase);
		elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase);
		end
		At = At .. Inset .. Section;		
	end	

	local Others = A['Others'];
	if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then					-- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor=
		if config.CitationClass == &quot;AV-media-notes&quot;
		or config.CitationClass == &quot;audio-visual&quot; then							-- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm')
		else
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others');
		end
	end
	Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Others) or &quot;&quot;;
	
	if utilities.is_set (Translators) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	
	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
	TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. TitleNote) or &quot;&quot;;
	if utilities.is_set (Edition) then
		if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn.
			utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition');					 -- add error message
		end
		Edition = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition);
	else
		Edition = '';
	end

	Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or &quot;&quot;;	-- not the same as SeriesNum
	local Agency = A['Agency'] or '';											-- |agency= is supported by {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, {{cite press release}}, {{cite web}}, and certain {{citation}} templates
	if utilities.is_set (Agency) then											-- this testing done here because {{citation}} supports 'news' citations
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'magazine', 'news', 'pressrelease', 'web'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {&quot;magazine&quot;, &quot;newspaper&quot;, &quot;work&quot;})) then
			Agency = wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency});						-- format for rendering
		else
			Agency = '';														-- unset; not supported
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {'agency'});		-- add error message
		end
	end
	
	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase);

	if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then
		local retrv_text = &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['retrieved']

		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format
		if (sepc ~= &quot;.&quot;) then retrv_text = retrv_text:lower() end				-- if mode is cs2, lower case
		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);				-- add retrieved text

		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates
	end
	
	if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. ID; end
	
	local Docket = A['Docket'];
   	if &quot;thesis&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then
		ID = sepc .. &quot; Docket &quot; .. Docket .. ID;
	end
   	if &quot;report&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then		-- for cite report when |docket= is set
		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set
	end

	if utilities.is_set (URL) then
		URL = &quot; &quot; .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess );
	end

	local Quote = A['Quote'];
	local TransQuote = A['TransQuote'];
	local ScriptQuote = A['ScriptQuote'];
	if utilities.is_set (Quote) or utilities.is_set (TransQuote) or utilities.is_set (ScriptQuote) then

		if utilities.is_set (Quote) then
			if Quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and Quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then			-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks
				Quote = Quote:sub(2, -2);										-- strip them off
			end
		end
		
		Quote = kern_quotes (Quote);											-- kern if needed
		Quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', Quote );					-- wrap in &lt;q&gt;...&lt;/q&gt; tags
	
		if utilities.is_set (ScriptQuote) then
			Quote = script_concatenate (Quote, ScriptQuote, 'script-quote');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped
		end

		if utilities.is_set (TransQuote) then
			if TransQuote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and TransQuote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks
				TransQuote = TransQuote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off
			end
			Quote = Quote .. &quot; &quot; .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransQuote );
		end

		if utilities.is_set (QuotePage) or utilities.is_set (QuotePages) then	-- add page prefix
			local quote_prefix = '';
			if utilities.is_set (QuotePage) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (QuotePage, 'quote-page');				-- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if not NoPP then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePage}), '', '', '';
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, QuotePage}), '', '', '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (QuotePages) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (QuotePages, 'quote-pages');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if tonumber(QuotePages) ~= nil and not NoPP then				-- if only digits, assume single page
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', '';
				elseif not NoPP then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', '';
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, QuotePages}), '', '';
				end
			end
                        
			Quote = quote_prefix .. &quot;: &quot; .. Quote;
		else
			Quote = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Quote;
		end

		PostScript = &quot;&quot;;														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
	end
	
	-- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by
	-- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't
	-- a displayed postscript.
	-- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable?
	-- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern?
	if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) &gt; 1 then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript')
	end
	
	local Archived;
	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then								-- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date');					-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	else														
		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then									-- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url');				-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		local arch_text;
		if &quot;live&quot; == UrlStatus then
			arch_text = cfg.messages['archived'];
			if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'],
					{external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
			else
				Archived = '';
			end
			if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
				Archived = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then								-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'
			if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then
				arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-unfit'];
				if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. arch_text .. ArchiveDate;				-- format already styled
				if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then
					utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown');				-- and add a category if not already added
				else
--					utilities.set_message ('maint_unfit');						-- and add a category if not already added
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('unfit');							-- and add a category if not already added
				end
			else																-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead'
				arch_text = cfg.messages['archived-dead'];
				if sepc ~= &quot;.&quot; then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
				if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
					Archived = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. utilities.substitute ( arch_text,
						{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );	-- format already styled
				else
					Archived = '';												-- unset for concatenation
				end
			end	
		else																	-- OriginalUrl not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
			Archived = '';														-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then
		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message
	else
		Archived = '';
	end
	
	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']
	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat'];
	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl');
	local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
	local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL
	if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then
		if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Publisher;
	if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then
		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. &quot;: &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
		else
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
		end			
	elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then 
		Publisher= sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
	else 
		Publisher = PublicationDate;
	end
	
	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
	if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then 
			Periodical = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		else 
			Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		end
	end
	
	local Language = A['Language'];
	if utilities.is_set (Language) then
		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc.
	else
		Language='';															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter
	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType
	]]
	end

	--[[
	Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be &quot; (Speech)&quot; so that
	the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
	]]
	if &quot;speech&quot; == config.CitationClass then									-- cite speech only
		TitleNote = TitleType;													-- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event=
		TitleType = '';															-- and unset

		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter 
			if utilities.is_set (Conference) then								-- and if |event= is set
				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;							-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
			end
		end
	end

	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

	local tcommon;
	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc.
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote}, sepc);						-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2
			tcommon2 = safe_join ({TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		else
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		end

	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then								-- map in a periodical
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc);
		end
		
	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);

	else																		-- all other CS1 templates
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc);
	end
	
	if #ID_list &gt; 0 then
		ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. &quot; &quot;,  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. &quot; &quot; ), ID }, sepc );
	else
		ID_list = ID;
	end
	
	local Via = A['Via'];
	Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and  wrap_msg ('via', Via) or '';
	local idcommon;
	if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then	-- special case for cite AV media &amp; cite episode position transcript
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	else
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	end
	
	local text;
	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;

	local OrigDate = A['OrigDate'];
	OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or '';
	if utilities.is_set (Date) then
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then		-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set
			Date = &quot; (&quot; .. Date .. &quot;)&quot; .. OrigDate .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;				-- in parentheses
		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set
			if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then						-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc
				Date = &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;									-- Date does not begin with sepc
			else
				Date = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;							-- Date begins with sepc
			end
		end
	end	
	if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
		if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then									-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination
			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Editors) then
			local in_text = '';
			local post_text = '';
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then
				in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' ';
				if (sepc ~= '.') then
					in_text = in_text:lower();									-- lowercase for cs2
				end
			end
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')';				-- be consistent with no-author, no-date case
			else
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')';
			end
			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc.
			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' ';
			if (sepc ~= '.') then by_text = by_text:lower() end					-- lowercase for cs2
			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here
			if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then		-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated
				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then								-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination
				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then
		if utilities.is_set (Date) then
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor'];
			else
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors'];
			end
		else
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
	else
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;journal&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); 								-- Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
		if '.' == sepc then														-- remove final seperator if present
			text = text:gsub ('%' .. sepc .. '$', '');							-- dot must be escaped here
		else
			text = mw.ustring.gsub (text, sepc .. '$', '');						-- using ustring for non-dot sepc (likely a non-Latin character)
		end
	end	
	
	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );

	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a &lt;cite&gt; element
	local options_t = {};
	options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode);

	local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true);	-- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else

	if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then
		local namelist_t = {};													-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list
		local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);						-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation

		if #c &gt; 0 then															-- if there is a contributor list
			namelist_t = c;														-- select it
		elseif #a &gt; 0 then														-- or an author list
			namelist_t = a;
		elseif #e &gt; 0 then														-- or an editor list
			namelist_t = e;
		end
		local citeref_id;
		if #namelist_t &gt; 0 then													-- if there are names in namelist_t
			citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year);					-- go make the CITEREF anchor
			if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then	-- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison
				utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default');
			end
		else
			citeref_id = '';													-- unset
		end
		options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id;
	end

	if string.len (text:gsub('%b&lt;&gt;', '')) &lt;= 2 then								-- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; 
		z.error_cats_t = {};													-- blank the categories list
		z.error_msgs_t = {};													-- blank the error messages list
		OCinSoutput = nil;														-- blank the metadata string
		text = '';																-- blank the the citation
		utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation');							-- set empty citation message and category
	end
	
	local render_t = {};														-- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation

	if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then										-- here we wrap the rendered citation in &lt;cite ...&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt; tags
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id), mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist
	else
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty
	end		

	if OCinSoutput then															-- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput));	-- format and append metadata to the citation
	end

	local template_name = ('citation' == config.CitationClass) and 'citation' or 'cite ' .. (cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass] or config.CitationClass);
	local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]';
	local msg_prefix = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;{{' .. template_link .. '}}&lt;/code&gt;: ';

	if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, template_link));

		table.insert (render_t, ' ');											-- insert a space between citation and its error messages
		table.sort (z.error_msgs_t);											-- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping &lt;span&gt; and &lt;code&gt; tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error

		local hidden = true;													-- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden
		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do									-- spin through the list of error messages
			if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then						-- look for the visible error class name
				hidden = false;													-- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix
				break;															-- and done because no need to look further
			end
		end

		z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]});	-- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation
		table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; '));			-- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering
	end

	if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, template_link));

		table.sort (z.maint_cats_t);											-- sort the maintenance messages list

		local maint_msgs_t = {};												-- here we collect all of the maint messages

		if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then											-- if no error messages
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix);							-- insert message prefix in maint message livery
		end
		
		for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, 										-- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table
				table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'})
				);
		end
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' ')));	-- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save
	end

	if not no_tracking_cats then
		local sort_key;
		local cat_wikilink = 'cat wikilink';
		if cfg.enable_sort_keys then											-- when namespace sort keys enabled
			local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;		-- get namespace number for this wikitext
			sort_key = (0 ~= namespace_number and (cfg.name_space_sort_keys[namespace_number] or cfg.name_space_sort_keys.other)) or nil;	-- get sort key character; nil for mainspace
			cat_wikilink = (not sort_key and 'cat wikilink') or 'cat wikilink sk';	-- make &lt;cfg.messages&gt; key
		end				

		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do									-- append error categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		if cfg.id_limits_data_load_fail then									-- boolean true when load failed
			utilities.set_message ('maint_id_limit_load_fail');					-- done here because this maint cat emits no message
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do									-- append properties categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));	-- no sort keys
		end
	end

	return table.concat (render_t);												-- make a big string and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists.

Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
	true - active, supported parameters
	false - deprecated, supported parameters
	nil - unsupported parameters
	
]]

local function validate (name, cite_class, empty)
	local name = tostring (name);
	local enum_name;															-- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#'
	local state;
	local function state_test (state, name)										-- local function to do testing of state values
		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
		if false == state then
			if empty then return nil; end										-- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns
			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
			return true;
		end
		if 'tracked' == state then
			local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', '');								-- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name
			utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name);	-- add a properties category; &lt;base_name&gt; modifies &lt;key&gt;
			return true;
		end
		return nil;
	end		

	if name:find ('#') then														-- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted
		return nil;
	end
																				-- replace enumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#');							-- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1');				-- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity

	if 'document' == cite_class then											-- special case for {{cite document}}
		state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end
		
		return false;
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates
		state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

		state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name];				-- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

		return false;															-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
	end																			-- end limited parameter-set templates

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then 	-- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list
		state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name];					-- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end
	end																			-- if here, fall into general validation

	state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name];							-- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
	if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

	return false;																-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------

check &lt;value&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link markup.  &lt;prefix&gt; must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code.  when these values have the form (without leading colon):
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link|label]] return label as plain-text
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link]] return &lt;prefix&gt;:link as plain-text

return value as is else

]=]

local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value)
	local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):');									-- get an interwiki prefix if one exists
	local _;
	
	if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then						-- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter);					-- emit an error message
		_, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value);							-- extract label portion from wikilink
	end
	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal
sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a
parameter that is missing its pipe.  There are two tests made:
	{{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}}	-- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name
	{{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}}			-- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki)
cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives XML/HTML
tags are removed before the search.

If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.

]]

local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value)
	local capture;
	value = value:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');											-- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc.

	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes
	if capture and validate (capture) then										-- if the capture is a valid parameter name
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T &gt;--------------------------------------

look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value)
	if 'number' == type (param) then
		return;
	end
	
	param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#');											-- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize 
	if cfg.punct_skip[param] then
		return;																	-- parameter name found in the skip table so done
	end
	
	if value:match ('[,;:]$') then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
	if value:match ('^=') then													-- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ...
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------

look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_url (url_param_t)
	local url_error_t = {};
	
	check_for_url (url_param_t, url_error_t);									-- extraneous url check
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

This is used by templates such as {{cite book}} to create the actual citation text.

]]

local function _citation (frame, args_t, config)
	if not frame then
		frame = mw.getCurrentFrame();											-- if called from another module (e.g. Module:Cite), get a frame for frame-provided functions
	end
	Frame = frame;																-- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode

																				-- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here)
	local sandbox = ((config.SandboxPath and '' ~= config.SandboxPath) and config.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox';	-- sandbox path from {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|citation|SandboxPath=/...}}
	is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true);		-- is this invoke the sandbox module?
	sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or '';										-- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else

	local styles;
	
	cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration' .. sandbox);			-- load sandbox versions of support modules when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live modules else
	whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist' .. sandbox);
	utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities' .. sandbox);
	validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation' .. sandbox);
	identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers' .. sandbox);
	metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS' .. sandbox);
	styles = 'Module:Citation/CS1' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css';

	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables
	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
	validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module
	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module

	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

	is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}'));

	local args = {};															-- table where we store all of the template's arguments
	local suggestions = {};														-- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them
	local error_text;															-- used as a flag

	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns
	local empty_unknowns = {};													-- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing
	for k, v in pairs( args_t ) do											-- get parameters from the parent (template) frame
		v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1');							-- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string
		if v ~= '' then
			if ('string' == type (k)) then
				k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);		-- for enumerated parameters, translate 'local' digits to Western 0-9
			end
			if not validate( k, config.CitationClass ) then			
				if type (k) ~= 'string' then									-- exclude empty numbered parameters
					if v:match(&quot;%S+&quot;) ~= nil then
						error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v});
					end
				elseif validate (k:lower(), config.CitationClass) then 
					error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()});	-- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter
				else
					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it
						suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' .. sandbox);	--load sandbox version of suggestion module when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live module else
					end
					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter
						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match
						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches 
							param = utilities.substitute (param, capture);		-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator)
							if validate (param, config.CitationClass) then		-- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists)
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param});	-- set the suggestion error message
							else
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});	-- suggested param not supported by this template
								v = '';											-- unset
							end
						end
					end
					if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then					-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion?						
						if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config.CitationClass) then
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]});
						else
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});
							v = '';												-- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists)
						end
					end
				end				  
			end

			args[k] = v;														-- save this parameter and its value

		elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then									-- for empty parameters
			if not validate (k, config.CitationClass, true) then				-- is this empty parameter a valid parameter
				k = ('' == k) and '(empty string)' or k;						-- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text
				table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));	-- format for error message and add to the list
			end
																				-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}} TODO: keep?
	--	elseif args[k] ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then						-- when args[k] has a value from {{#invoke}} frame (we don't normally do that)
	--		args[k] = v;														-- overwrite args[k] with empty string from pframe.args[k] (template frame); v is empty string here
		end																		-- not sure about the postscript bit; that gets handled in parameter validation; historical artifact?
	end	

	if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then												-- create empty unknown error message
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', {
			1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's',
			utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns)
			});
	end

	local url_param_t = {};

	for k, v in pairs( args ) do
		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters
			has_invisible_chars (k, v);											-- look for invisible characters
		end
		has_extraneous_punc (k, v);												-- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values
		missing_pipe_check (k, v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe?
		args[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v);										-- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label

		if 'string' == type (k) and not cfg.url_skip[k] then					-- when parameter k is not positional and not in url skip table
			url_param_t[k] = v;													-- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check
		end
	end

	has_extraneous_url (url_param_t);											-- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong

	return table.concat ({
		frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src=styles}),
		citation0( config, args)
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N   ( wrapper ) &gt;-----------------------------------------------

Template entry point. Gathers the {{#invoke:}} (config) and template/parent (args_t) parameters, then hands
off to _citation() which does the actual work. _citation() is also called directly by Module:Cite.

]]

local function citation(frame)
	local config = {};													-- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}}
	for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do											-- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame
		config[k] = v;
	end

	local args_t = frame:getParent().args;										-- get the template's (parent frame) parameters
	return _citation (frame, args_t, config);									-- go render the citation
end


return {
	citation = citation,												-- template entry point
	_citation = _citation,												-- module entry point (used by Module:Cite)
	}</text>
      <sha1>fj3sbeb8z6kqtxtws2nxss9s9nnw18y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ماژول:Citation/CS1/Utilities</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>41038</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392076</id>
      <parentid>391158</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:10:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392076</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="24954" sha1="1rgyhapxi1dzuxmh3cqix2zrvvro8l2" xml:space="preserve">local z = {
	error_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that contain errors
	error_ids_t = {};															-- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module
	error_msgs_t = {};															-- sequence table of error messages
	maint_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work
	prop_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance
	prop_keys_t = {};															-- for adding classes to the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
};


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set (var)
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N _ A R R A Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array (needle, haystack)
	if needle == nil then
		return false;
	end
	for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do
		if v == needle then
			return n;
		end
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N &gt;------------------------------------

When &lt;str&gt; is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return &lt;str&gt; without markup and true; return &lt;str&gt; and false else

with allow_empty = false, &lt;str&gt; must have at least one character inside the markup
with allow_empty = true, &lt;str&gt; the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition &quot;has no applicable value&quot; in citation-context.

After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now.

]]

local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str, false;
	end

	local count;

	if true == allow_empty then
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); 						-- allows (()) to be an empty set
	else
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1');
	end
	return str, 0 ~= count;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S U B S T I T U T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. &lt;args&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function substitute (msg, args)
	return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O M M E N T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. &lt;content&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function error_comment (content, hidden)
	return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Converts a hyphen, endash, emdash to endash under certain conditions.  The hyphen/en/em must separate
like items; unlike items are returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
	letter - letter (A-B)
	digit - digit (4-5)
	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
	digitletter - digitletter (5a-5d) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)

any other forms are returned unmodified.

str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list of page ranges with/without single pages

]]

local function hyphen_to_dash (str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str;
	end

	str = str:gsub (&quot;(%(%(.-%)%))&quot;, function(m) return m:gsub(&quot;,&quot;, &quot;，&quot;):gsub(&quot;;&quot;, &quot;；&quot;) end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split	
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;[nm]dash;', {['&amp;ndash;'] = '–', ['&amp;mdash;'] = '—'});		-- replace &amp;mdash; and &amp;ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;#45;', '-');												-- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' ');												-- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character
	
	local out = {};
	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*');								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any

	local accept;																-- boolean

	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
		item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item);							-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item
		if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[—–-]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if a hyphenated range or has endash or emdash separators
			if mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+[%.%-]?%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+[%.%-]?%d+$') or		-- letterdigit hyphen letterdigit (optional separator between letter and digit)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]?%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]?%a+$') or		-- digitletter hyphen digitletter (optional separator between digit and letter)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') then		-- digit separator digit hyphen digit separator digit
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w*[%.%-]?%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1 –&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%2&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace hyphen/dash, with spaced endash

			elseif mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+$') or			-- digit hyphen digit
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+$') then				-- letter hyphen letter
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1–&lt;/span&gt;%2');	-- replace hyphen/emdash with endash, remove extraneous space characters

			else
--				item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[—–-]%s*', '–');				-- disabled; here when 'unlike' items so return &lt;item&gt; as is
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, item);												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
	end

	local temp_str = '';														-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
	temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', '));		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out
	if accept then
		temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str);									-- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);
	else
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);						-- else, return assembled temp_str
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are
provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
	if not is_set (link) then return '' end

	if is_set (display) and link ~= display then			
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});			
	else
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ M E S S A G E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function
call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message.

&lt;error_id&gt; – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table 
&lt;arguments&gt; – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message
&lt;raw&gt; – boolean
	true –	causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag;
			returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value
			does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table
	false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t
			returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value
&lt;prefix&gt; – string to be prepended to &lt;message&gt;									-- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments?
&lt;suffix&gt; – string to be appended to &lt;message&gt;

TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true?  this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table

]]

local added_maint_cats = {}														-- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table

local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix)
	local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id];
	
	prefix = prefix or '';
	suffix = suffix or '';
	
	if error_state == nil then
		error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id);			-- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration

	elseif is_set (error_state.category) then
		if error_state.message then												-- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message
			table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category);
		else
			if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then
				added_maint_cats[error_id] = true;								-- note that we've added this category
				table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments));	-- make cat name then add to table
			end
			return;																-- because no message, nothing more to do
		end
	end

	local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments);

	message = table.concat (
		{
		message,
		' (',
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				cfg.messages['help page link'],
				'#',
				error_state.anchor
				}),
			cfg.messages['help page label']),
		')'
		});

	z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true;
	if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and							-- if missing-title error already noted
		in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then		-- and this error is one of these
			return '', false;													-- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient
	end
	
	message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix});

	if true == raw then
		return message, error_state.hidden;										-- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	end		

	message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden);						-- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message);										-- add it to the messages sequence table
	return message;																-- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list
provided by the template.

Input:
	args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template
	alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
	index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one
	enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined
	value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected

Returns:
	value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected
	selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected

]]

local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list)
	if enumerated then															-- is this a test for an enumerated parameters?
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', index);										-- replace '#' with the value in index
	else
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', '');											-- remove '#' if it exists
	end

	if is_set (args[alias]) then												-- alias is in the template's argument list
		if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then								-- if we have already selected one of the aliases
			local skip;
			for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do									-- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias
				if v == alias then
					skip = true;
					break;														-- has been added so stop looking 
				end
			end
			if not skip then													-- has not been added so
				table.insert (error_list, alias);								-- add error alias to the error list
			end
		else
			value = args[alias];												-- not yet selected an alias, so select this one
			selected = alias;
		end
	end
	return value, selected;														-- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.
To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t.

]]

local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments)
	if not added_maint_cats [key] then
		added_maint_cats [key] = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ P R O P _ C A T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.

foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages
may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized.

added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above

]]

local added_prop_cats = {};														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t

local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier)
	local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or '');		-- modify &lt;key&gt; with &lt;key_modifier&gt; if present and not nil
	
	if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then
		added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true;									-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
		table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key);						-- convert key to class for use in the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''

Note: We cannot use &lt;i&gt; for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that
they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, &lt;i&gt; and '' tend to interact
poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy.

]]

local function safe_for_italics (str)
	if not is_set (str) then return str end

	if str:sub (1, 1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; .. str; end
	if str:sub (-1, -1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = str .. &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;; end
	
	return str:gsub ('\n', ' ');												-- Remove newlines as they break italics.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ S T Y L E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Applies styling to various parameters.  Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one
argument; protects italic styled parameters.  Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason
this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg().

]]

local function wrap_style (key, str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then
		str = safe_for_italics (str);
	end

	return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

make a separated list of items using provided separators.
	&lt;sep_list&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_pair&gt; - typically '&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_end&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;' or '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;&amp;&lt;space&gt;'

defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']
if &lt;sep_list_end&gt; is specified, &lt;sep_list&gt; and &lt;sep_list_pair&gt; must also be supplied

]]

local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end)
	local list = '';

	if not sep_list then														-- set the defaults
		sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list'];
		sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'];
		sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'];
	end
	
	if 2 &gt;= count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair);							-- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item
	elseif 2 &lt; count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1);					-- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator
		list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end);			-- concatenate last item onto end of &lt;list&gt; with final separator
	end
	
	return list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ O N E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider.  The list of parameters to consider is just
names.  For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified
by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'.

Because enumerated parameter |&lt;param&gt;1= is an alias of |&lt;param&gt;= we must test for both possibilities.


Generates an error if more than one match is present.

]]

local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index)
	local value = nil;															-- the value assigned to the selected parameter
	local selected = '';														-- the name of the parameter we have chosen
	local error_list = {};

	if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end

	for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do									-- for each alias in the aliases list
		if alias:match ('#') then												-- if this alias can be enumerated
			if '1' == index then												-- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases
				value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- first test for non-enumerated alias
			end
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for enumerated alias
		else
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for non-enumerated alias
		end
	end

	if #error_list &gt; 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then						-- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names()
		for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do
			error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v);
		end
		table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected));
		set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});
	end
	
	return value, selected;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------

Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B

The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup).

In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label
if str was wrapped in wikilink markup.  Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match
in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called.

]=]

local function remove_wiki_link (str)
	return (str:gsub (&quot;%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]&quot;, function(l)
		return l:gsub (&quot;^[^|]*|(.*)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; ):gsub (&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;);
	end));
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ W I K I L I N K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts.
If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]):
	returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]];
if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]])
	returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string;
if not a wikilink:
	returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string.

trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and
treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes).

]=]

local function is_wikilink (str)
	local D, L
	local wl_type = 2;															-- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]]

	if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then									-- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content)
		return 0, str, '';														-- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L
	end
	
	L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$');							-- get L and D from [[L|D]] 

	if not is_set (D) then														-- if no separate display
		D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$');									-- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]]
		wl_type = 1; 
	end
	
	D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|');												-- trim white space and pipe characters 
	return wl_type, D, L or '';
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P &gt;--------------------------------

Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata.
This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup.  We presume that editors who have taken the time to
markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind.

Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag
to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was
removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed

]]

local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument)
	if not is_set (argument) then
		return argument, nil;													-- no argument, nothing to do
	end

	if nil == argument:find ( &quot;''&quot;, 1, true ) then								-- Is there at least one double apostrophe?  If not, exit.
		return argument, nil;
	end

	local flag;
	while true do
		if argument:find (&quot;'''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold italic (5)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);					-- remove all instances of it
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic start and end without content (4)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;'''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold (3)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic (2)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		else
			break;
		end
	end

	return argument, flag;														-- done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;
	
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat,												-- exported functions
	add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat,
	error_comment = error_comment,
	has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written,
	hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash,
	in_array = in_array,
	is_set = is_set,
	is_wikilink = is_wikilink,
	make_sep_list = make_sep_list,
	make_wikilink = make_wikilink,
	remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link,
	safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics,
	select_one = select_one,
	set_message = set_message,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup,
	substitute = substitute,
	wrap_style = wrap_style,

	z = z,																		-- exported table
	}</text>
      <sha1>1rgyhapxi1dzuxmh3cqix2zrvvro8l2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>اوری دار</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392082</id>
      <parentid>390765</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:45:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[رج:دارون]] حذف شد با استفاده از [[ویکی‌پدیا:رج‌ساز]]</comment>
      <origin>392082</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3257" sha1="n3krfmkohz04v5f0d6dl94kayphh2q2" xml:space="preserve">{{taxobox
|name = اوری
|image = Quercus macranthera Tbilisi.jpg
|species = '''''Q. macranthera'''''
|binomial = ''Quercus macranthera''
|binomial_authority = [[Friedrich Ernst Ludwig von Fischer|Fisch.]] &amp; [[Carl Anton von Meyer|C.A.Mey.]] ex [[Rudolph Friedrich Hohenacker|Hohen.]]&lt;ref name=grin&gt;''Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou'' 11(2):259. 1838. {{cite web |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?30715 |title=''Quercus macranthera'' information from NPGS/GRIN |author=[[Germplasm Resources Information Network|GRIN]] |work=Taxonomy for Plants |publisher=[[وزارت کشاورزی ایالات متحده آمریکا|USDA]], [[Agricultural Research Service|ARS]], National Genetic Resources Program |location=National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, [[بلتسویل، مریلند]] |date=July 10, 2002 |accessdate=July 19, 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605183334/http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?30715 |archivedate=۵ ژوئن ۲۰۱۱ |dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}}
'''اوری'''، '''گوری''' یا '''ترش مازو'''  {{علمی نوم|Quercus macranthra}}  اتی [[دار]] نوم هسته که [[مازو]] خانواده جمع دره. این دار ایرانِ شمال، ترکیه، گرجستان، ارمنستان و آذربایجان دله درإنه.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mitchell&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Mitchell, A. , Wilkinson, J. |year=۲۰۰۱ |title=''Trees of Britain and Northern Europe'' |publisher=Collins}}&lt;/ref&gt;

وه ره [[درفک]] و [[رامسر]] ِ[[جوردشت]] دله '''آوری''' یا '''گوری''' گننه، [[شفارود]] وَری وه ره '''اورو'''، [[لاهیجون]] '''پاچه مازو'''، [[گرگان]] '''ترش مازو''' و [[آذربایجون]] '''پالط''' نوم ره ونه سر یلنه.&lt;ref&gt;{{یادکرد-دهخدا|عنوان =اوری | بازیابی =۲۹ اکتر ۲۰۱۲}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{کتاب منبع | نوم = واژه نامه مازندرانی| نام خانوادگی = نجف زاده بارفروش| نام = محمدباقر|  ناشر= نشر بلخ| شهر = نیشابور| سال = 1368 | صفحه = 96}}&lt;/ref&gt;

مازرون و قفقاز دله این دار ارتفاعات ویشتر از ۱۷۰۰ متر درإنه و سرمایی دار هسته که نور په شونه.&lt;ref&gt;{{وب منبع
 | نویسنده = حیدر شرفیه، خسرو ثاقب‌طالبی
 | عنوان = بررسی برخی خصوصیات جنگل‌شناسی و رویشگاهی درخت آوری در استان سمنان
 | ناشر = فصلنامه علمی-پژوهشی تحقیقات جنگل و صنوبر ایران. جلد ۲۰ شماره ۳. صفحه ۴۲۹–۴۴۳
 | تاریخ = ۱۳۹۱
 | اثر =
 | نشانی = http://www.sid.ir/fa/VEWSSID/J_pdf/71913914907.pdf
 | تاریخ بازدید = ۱۹ فروردین ۱۳۹۳
}}&lt;/ref&gt; اتا ترش مازو [[سنگسر]] دله دارنه که قدیمی‌ترین دارون ایران جه هسته.

== دپیته چرخه‌تو ==
* [[موزی]]

== منابع ==
https://web.archive.org/web/20140410071627/http://www.loghatnaameh.org/dehkhodaworddetail-afaec750a00642298f259b3f97beeb8f-fa.html
 {{بن‌بنویشت}}

[[رده:موزی]]</text>
      <sha1>n3krfmkohz04v5f0d6dl94kayphh2q2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>بلند مازو</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>44606</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392083</id>
      <parentid>390775</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:45:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[رج:دارون]] حذف شد با استفاده از [[ویکی‌پدیا:رج‌ساز]]</comment>
      <origin>392083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2347" sha1="mv0z3dvw6stn9tlh4p5j1okag5rhswz" xml:space="preserve">{{Taxobox
| name = بلند مازو
|color=lightgreen
| image = Quercus castaneifolia2 kew.jpg
| binomial = ''Quercus castaneifolia''
| binomial_authority = [[کارل آنتون فون مایر|سی.ای. مایر]]
|image_caption=}}

'''بلندِ مازو'''، '''مازو میری'''، '''موزی'''، '''اشپر'''، '''پالوت''' یا '''سیاه مازو''' اتا [[دار]] نوم هسته که [[موزی]] تبار شنه و [[تبرستون]] و [[قفقاز]] دله درإنه. این دار ایرانِ شمالی اوستانون دله خله دره.&lt;ref&gt;فرهنگ فارسی معین، سرواژهٔ بلندمازو&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{کتاب منبع | نوم = واژه نامه مازندرانی| نام خانوادگی = نجف زاده بارفروش| نام = محمدباقر|  ناشر= نشر بلخ| شهر = نیشابور| سال = 1368 | صفحه = 107}}&lt;/ref&gt;

مازرون و گلستون دله ویشته بلند مازو درإنه ولی گیلان دله هم پیدا وونه.&lt;ref name=&quot;روزنامه آفرینش&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070523185955/http://www.afarineshdaily.ir/afarinesh/News.aspx?NID=6635 روزنامه آفرینش] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070523185955/http://www.afarineshdaily.ir/afarinesh/News.aspx?NID=6635 |date=۲۳ مه ۲۰۰۷}}، بازدید: فوریه ۲۰۰۹.&lt;/ref&gt;

آمار سازمان جنگل‌ها و مراتع که سال ۱۳۶۵ دربمو، گته بلند مازو ۸٫۵ درصد شمال جنگل‌ها ره دارنه و این مقدار سال ۱۳۷۵ به ۸ درصد برسی‌یه.&lt;ref name=&quot;مازندنومه&quot;/&gt;
این دار بلندی به ۳۵ متر رسنه و ونه دورِ کلفتی ۲٫۵ متر وونه. ونه ولگه ۱۰ تا ۲۰ سانتیمتر درازی و ۳ تا ۵ سانتی‌متر پهنی دارنه.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20081122001212/http://www.nativetreesociety.org/worldtrees/europe/europe2005/european_trees.htm &quot;European Trees&quot;. Eastern Native Tree Society]&lt;/ref&gt; دِ-سه تا بلند مازو [[بندپی]] و [[نوشهر]] دله ثبت بئی هستنه که قدیمی‌ترین دارون ایران جه حیساب وونّه.
{{-}}

== منابع ==
{{پانویس|۲}}
{{ویکی‌انبار-رده|Quercus castaneifolia}}

[[رج:موزی]]</text>
      <sha1>mv0z3dvw6stn9tlh4p5j1okag5rhswz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ماژول:Citation/CS1/en</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>45273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392078</id>
      <parentid>326873</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:12:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392078</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="245263" sha1="2i1qoyxq3ra5za78nyt45z9bbb56n39" xml:space="preserve">require ('strict');

--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------

each of these counts against the Lua upvalue limit

]]

local validation;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation

local utilities;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local z = {};																	-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities

local identifiers;																-- functions and tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
local metadata;																	-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist


--[[------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   V A R I A B L E S &gt;---------------

declare variables here that have page-wide scope that are not brought in from
other modules; that are created here and used here

]]

local added_deprecated_cat;														-- boolean flag so that the category is added only once
local added_vanc_errs;															-- boolean flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category
local added_generic_name_errs;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one generic name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_errs;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name error / category and stop testing names once an error is encountered
local added_numeric_name_maint;													-- boolean flag so we only emit one numeric name maint category and stop testing names once a category has been emitted
local is_preview_mode;															-- true when article is in preview mode; false when using 'Preview page with this template' (previewing the module)
local is_sandbox;																-- true when using sandbox modules to render citation
local url_was_archive_today;													-- boolean flag set to true when has_archive_today_url() has unset |url= because it held a deprecated archive.today url


--[[--------------------------&lt; F I R S T _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table,
left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.

This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs
version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate
the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.

]]

local function first_set (list, count)
	local i = 1;
	while i &lt;= count do															-- loop through all items in list
		if utilities.is_set( list[i] ) then
			return list[i];														-- return the first set list member
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ V A N C _ E R R O R &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist.
To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.

added_vanc_errs is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function add_vanc_error (source, position)
	if added_vanc_errs then return end
		
	added_vanc_errs = true;														-- note that we've added this category
	utilities.set_message ('err_vancouver', {source, position});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S C H E M E &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

does this thing that purports to be a URI scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it
is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says:
	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a
   letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus
   (&quot;+&quot;), period (&quot;.&quot;), or hyphen (&quot;-&quot;).

returns true if it does, else false

]]

local function is_scheme (scheme)
	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a[%a%d%+%.%-]*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ D O M A I N _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?

Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5
BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234
Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15;
	see also [[Single-letter second-level domain]]
list of TLDs: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db

RFC 952 (modified by RFC 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit.  Between
the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen.

Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported

domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the TLD.  tld
is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a URL with a scheme) will be stripped
here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained in case it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.

There are several tests:
	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit
	internationalized domain name (ASCII characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the TLD) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490
	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org, .cash, and .today TLDs
	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD
	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD
	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters)
	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed

returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and TLD or IPv4 address, else false

]=]

local function is_domain_name (domain)
	if not domain then
		return false;															-- if not set, abandon
	end
	
	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', '');											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once
	
	if not domain:match ('^[%w]') then											-- first character must be letter or digit
		return false;
	end

	if domain:match ('^%a+:') then												-- hack to detect things that look like s:Page:Title where Page: is namespace at Wikisource
		return false;
	end

	local patterns = {															-- patterns that look like URLs
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.%a%a+$',										-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld
		'%f[%w][%w][%w%-]+[%w]%.xn%-%-[%w]+$',									-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix
		'%f[%a][qxz]%.com$',													-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%a][iq]%.net$',														-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10)
		'%f[%w][%w]%.%a%a$',													-- one character hostname and ccTLD (2 chars)
		'%f[%w][%w][%w]%.%a%a+$',												-- two character hostname and TLD
		'^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?',								-- IPv4 address
		'[%a%d]+%:?'                                                            -- IPv6 address
		}

	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do										-- loop through the patterns list
		if domain:match (pattern) then
			return true;														-- if a match then we think that this thing that purports to be a URL is a URL
		end
	end

	for _, d in ipairs (cfg.single_letter_2nd_lvl_domains_t) do					-- look for single letter second level domain names for these top level domains
		if domain:match ('%f[%w][%w]%.' .. d) then
			return true
		end
	end
	return false;																-- no matches, we don't know what this thing is
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a URL appear to be a valid URL; else false.

This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that
are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external
wikilinks.

]]

local function is_url (scheme, domain)
	if utilities.is_set (scheme) then											-- if scheme is set check it and domain
		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain);
	else
		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when URL is protocol-relative
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S P L I T _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Split a URL into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.

First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following TLD) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).

If protocol-relative URL, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.

When not protocol-relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one
or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.

Any URL that does not have news: scheme must have authority indicator (//).  TODO: are there other common schemes
like news: that don't use authority indicator?

Strip off any port and path;

]]

local function split_url (url_str)
	local scheme, authority, domain;
	
	url_str = url_str:gsub ('([%a%d])%.?[/%?#].*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')

	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol-relative URL
		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)')
	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name
		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions
		if utilities.is_set (authority) then
			authority = authority:gsub ('//', '', 1);							-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing;
			if utilities.is_set(authority) then									-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		else
			if not scheme:match ('^news:') then									-- except for news:..., MediaWiki won't link URLs that do not have authority indicator; TODO: a better way to do this test?
				return scheme;													-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
			end
		end
		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present
	end
	
	return scheme, domain;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ P A R A M _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link=, etc. for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no URLs

Link parameters are to hold the title of a Wikipedia article, so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed:
	# &lt; &gt; [ ] | { } _
except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki URLs and # which is used for section links

returns false when the value contains any of these characters.

When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL (the
|&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is ok); else false when value appears to be a valid URL (the |&lt;param&gt;-link= parameter is NOT ok).

]]

local function link_param_ok (value)
	local scheme, domain;
	if value:find ('[&lt;&gt;%[%]|{}]') then                                          -- if any prohibited characters
		return false;
	end

	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL; 
	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I N K _ T I T L E _ O K &gt;---------------------------------------------------

Use link_param_ok() to validate |&lt;param&gt;-link= value and its matching |&lt;title&gt;= value.

|&lt;title&gt;= may be wiki-linked but not when |&lt;param&gt;-link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when
that condition exists

check &lt;link&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link prefix.  prefix must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code and must begin with a colon.

]]

local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig)
	local orig;
	if utilities.is_set (link) then 											-- don't bother if &lt;param&gt;-link doesn't have a value
		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check |&lt;param&gt;-link= markup
			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter
		elseif title:find ('%[%[') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup
			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter
		elseif link:match ('^%a+:') then										-- if the link is what looks like an interwiki
			local prefix = link:match ('^(%a+):'):lower();						-- get the interwiki prefix

			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix] then									-- if prefix is in the map, must have preceding colon
				orig = lorig;													-- flag as error
			end
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (orig) then
		link = '';																-- unset
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', orig);						-- URL or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=;
	end
	
	return link;																-- link if ok, empty string else
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.

First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the URL into scheme and domain
portions, or for protocol-relative (//example.com) URLs, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two
portions of the URL.  If both are valid, or for protocol-relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.

Because it is different from a standard URL, and because this module used external_link() to make external links
that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name
is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4

]]

local function check_url( url_str )
	if nil == url_str:match (&quot;^%S+$&quot;) then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper URL
		return false;
	end
	local scheme, domain;

	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from URL;
	
	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups
		return domain:match('^[%a%d%+%-_]+%.[%a%d%+%-_%.]*[%a%d%+%-_]$');
	end
	
	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P A R A M E T E R _ E X T _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------

Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets [ and ] and the first
non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a URL.  The test will also find external wikilinks
that use protocol-relative URLs. Also finds bare URLs.

The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki-links which are similar to scheme:path URLs.  The tests that
find bracketed URLs are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=,
and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=[[//Hus]]
is possible as might be [[en://Hus]].

]=]

local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value)
local scheme, domain;

	if value:match ('%f[%[]%[%a%S*:%S+.*%]') then								-- if ext. wikilink with scheme and domain: [xxxx://yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(%a%S*:%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%f[%[]%[//%S+.*%]') then								-- if protocol-relative ext. wikilink: [//yyyyy.zzz]
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f[%[]%[(//%S+).*%]'));
	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare URL with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)'));
	elseif value:match ('^//%S+') or value:match ('%s//%S+') then				-- if protocol-relative bare URL: //yyyyy.zzz; authority indicator (//) must be be preceded nothing or by whitespace
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain
	else
		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a URL
	end

	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid URL
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L &gt;--------------------------------------

archive.today (and .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) are deprecated.  See Wikipedia:Requests_for_comment/Archive.is_RFC_5
(Special:Permalink/1339352976)

&lt;val&gt; is a string that may or may not be a url

]]

local function is_archive_today_url (val)
	if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (val) then										-- is &lt;val&gt; a url?
		local tld = val:match ('archive%.(%l+)');								-- get the tld
		return tld and cfg.archive_today_tlds_t[tld];							-- return true if &lt;tld&gt; is one of the archive.today tlds; nil else
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A R C H I V E _ T O D A Y _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

blank any parameter that holds one of the archive.today tlds (.today, .ph, .is, .md, .li, .fo, .vn) and also 
blank parameters that are dependent on the offending parameter.

input &lt;cite_args_t&gt; is a table of all of this template's parameters  This function modifies &lt;cite_args_t&gt;
when |url= or its alias |URL= hold an archive.today url, this function sets the flag &lt;url_was_archive_today&gt;
which is used later to suppress the missing url error message from {{citation}} when it has |website=&lt;summat&gt;
or from the templates {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, {{cite mailing list}} which all require a url.

returns nothing

]]

local function has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t)
	local unset_params_t = {};													-- to hold a sequence of parameters to unset from cite_args_t

	for p, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do											-- look at each parameter in the template
		if is_archive_today_url (v:lower()) then								-- if it has a parameter with an archive.today url
			table.insert (unset_params_t, p);									-- add the url-holding parameter name to our list of parameters to unset (may or may not be a legitimate url parameter)
			if 'url' == p:lower() then											-- if this parameter is |url= or |URL=
				url_was_archive_today = true;									-- set a flag so that cite web / podcast / mailinglist don't emit a missing url error message
			end
			if cfg.dependencies_t[p] then										-- if this url-holding parameter (&lt;p&gt;) has dependencies
				for _, dependent in ipairs (cfg.dependencies_t[p]) do			-- loop through the url-holding parameter's dependency sequence
					table.insert (unset_params_t, dependent);					-- add dependent parameter to the list to be unset
				end
			end
		end
	end		

	if 0 &lt; #unset_params_t then													-- when there are parameters to unset
		if not is_preview_mode then												-- when in preview mode do not suppress any parameters
			for _, unset_param in ipairs (unset_params_t) do					-- loop through the sequence
				cite_args_t[unset_param] = nil;									-- and unset the url-holding parameter and its dependent parameters to avoid parameter-requires-other-parameter errors
			end
		end
		
		utilities.set_message ('maint_deprecated_archive');						-- add a maintenance message
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ F O R _ U R L &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.

]]

local function check_for_url (parameter_list, error_list)
	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list
		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a URL add an error message
			table.insert (error_list, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions

]]

local function safe_for_url( str )
	if str:match( &quot;%[%[.-%]%]&quot; ) ~= nil then 
		utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url', {});
	end
	
	return str:gsub( '[%[%]\n]', {	
		['['] = '&amp;#91;',
		[']'] = '&amp;#93;',
		['\n'] = ' ' } );
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T E R N A L _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Format an external link with error checking

]]

local function external_link (URL, label, source, access)
	local err_msg = '';
	local domain;
	local path;
	local base_url;

	if not utilities.is_set (label) then
		label = URL;
		if utilities.is_set (source) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bare_url_missing_title', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
		else
			error (cfg.messages[&quot;bare_url_no_origin&quot;]);							-- programmer error; valid parameter name does not have matching meta-parameter
		end			
	end
	if not check_url (URL) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});
	end
	
	domain, path = URL:match ('^([/%.%-%+:%a%d]+)([/%?#].*)$');					-- split the URL into scheme plus domain and path
	if path then																-- if there is a path portion
		path = path:gsub ('[%[%]]', {['['] = '%5b', [']'] = '%5d'});			-- replace '[' and ']' with their percent-encoded values
		URL = table.concat ({domain, path});									-- and reassemble
	end

	base_url = table.concat ({ &quot;[&quot;, URL, &quot; &quot;, safe_for_url (label), &quot;]&quot; });		-- assemble a wiki-markup URL

	if utilities.is_set (access) then											-- access level (subscription, registration, limited)
		base_url = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ext-link-access-signal'], {cfg.presentation[access].class, cfg.presentation[access].title, base_url});	-- add the appropriate icon
	end

	return base_url;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P R E C A T E D _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;--------------------------------------

Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the
offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated
parameters in the citation.

added_deprecated_cat is a Boolean declared in page scope variables above

]]

local function deprecated_parameter(name)
	if not added_deprecated_cat then
		added_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		utilities.set_message ('err_deprecated_params', {name});				-- add error message
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; K E R N _ Q U O T E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Apply kerning to open the space between the quote mark provided by the module and a leading or trailing quote
mark contained in a |title= or |chapter= parameter's value.

This function will positive kern either single or double quotes:
	&quot;'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'&quot;
	&quot; 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' &quot; (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
Double single quotes (italic or bold wiki-markup) are not kerned.

Replaces Unicode quote marks in plain text or in the label portion of a [[L|D]] style wikilink with typewriter
quote marks regardless of the need for kerning.  Unicode quote marks are not replaced in simple [[D]] wikilinks.

Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc.; not for book titles.

]=]

local function kern_quotes (str)
	local cap = '';
	local wl_type, label, link;

	wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (str);							-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
	
	if 1 == wl_type then														-- [[D]] simple wikilink with or without quote marks
		if mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then		-- leading and trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[[\&quot;“”\'‘’].+%]%]')	then			-- leading quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], str);
		elseif mw.ustring.match (str, '%[%[.+[\&quot;“”\'‘’]%]%]') then				-- trailing quote marks
			str = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], str);
		end

	else																		-- plain text or [[L|D]]; text in label variable
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[“”]', '\&quot;');							-- replace “” (U+201C &amp; U+201D) with &quot; (typewriter double quote mark)
		label = mw.ustring.gsub (label, '[‘’]', '\'');							-- replace ‘’ (U+2018 &amp; U+2019) with ' (typewriter single quote mark)

		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^([\&quot;\'][^\'].+)&quot;);						-- match leading double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-left'], cap);
		end
	
		cap = mw.ustring.match (label, &quot;^(.+[^\'][\&quot;\'])$&quot;)						-- match trailing double or single quote but not doubled single quotes (italic markup)
		if utilities.is_set (cap) then
			label = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['kern-right'], cap);
		end
		
		if 2 == wl_type then
			str = utilities.make_wikilink (link, label);						-- reassemble the wikilink
		else
			str = label;
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ S C R I P T _ V A L U E &gt;----------------------------------------

|script-title= holds title parameters that are not written in Latin-based scripts: Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. These scripts should
not be italicized and may be written right-to-left.  The value supplied by |script-title= is concatenated onto Title after Title has been wrapped
in italic markup.

Regardless of language, all values provided by |script-title= are wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt;...&lt;/bdi&gt; tags to isolate RTL languages from the English left to right.

|script-title= provides a unique feature.  The value in |script-title= may be prefixed with a two-character ISO 639-1 language code and a colon:
	|script-title=ja:*** *** (where * represents a Japanese character)
Spaces between the two-character code and the colon and the colon and the first script character are allowed:
	|script-title=ja : *** ***
	|script-title=ja: *** ***
	|script-title=ja :*** ***
Spaces preceding the prefix are allowed: |script-title = ja:*** ***

The prefix is checked for validity.  If it is a valid ISO 639-1 language code, the lang attribute (lang=&quot;ja&quot;) is added to the &lt;bdi&gt; tag so that browsers can
know the language the tag contains.  This may help the browser render the script more correctly.  If the prefix is invalid, the lang attribute
is not added.  At this time there is no error message for this condition.

Supports |script-title=, |script-chapter=, |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=

]]

local function format_script_value (script_value, script_param)
	local lang='';																-- initialize to empty string
	local name;
	if script_value:match('^%l%l%l?%s*:') then									-- if first 3 or 4 non-space characters are script language prefix
		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l%l?)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script
		if not utilities.is_set (lang) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing title part']});		-- prefix without 'title'; add error message
			return '';															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string
		end
																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script
		name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, cfg.this_wiki_code );	-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize
		if utilities.is_set (name) then											-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code?
			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l+%s*:%s*', '');				-- strip prefix from script
																				-- is prefix one of these language codes?
			if utilities.in_array (lang, cfg.script_lang_codes) then
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('script', {name, lang})
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['unknown language code']});	-- unknown script-language; add error message
			end
			lang = ' lang=&quot;' .. lang .. '&quot; ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['invalid language code']});		-- invalid language code; add error message
			lang = '';															-- invalid so set lang to empty string
		end
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_script_parameter', {script_param, cfg.err_msg_supl['missing prefix']});				-- no language code prefix; add error message
	end
	script_value = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['bdi'], {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is RTL

	return script_value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ C O N C A T E N A T E &gt;------------------------------------------

Initially for |title= and |script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script
value has been wrapped in &lt;bdi&gt; tags.

]]

local function script_concatenate (title, script, script_param)
	if utilities.is_set (script) then
		script = format_script_value (script, script_param);					-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; returns empty string on error
		if utilities.is_set (script) then
			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title
		end
	end
	return title;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ M S G &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list
configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for {{citation}} templates.  Additional text taken
from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().

]]

local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set ( str ) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	end
	if true == lower then
		local msg;
		msg = cfg.messages[key]:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before 
		return utilities.substitute ( msg, str );								-- including template text
	else
		return utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages[key], str );
	end		
end


--[[----------------&lt; W I K I S O U R C E _ U R L _ M A K E &gt;-------------------

Makes a Wikisource URL from Wikisource interwiki-link.  Returns the URL and appropriate
label; nil else.

str is the value assigned to |chapter= (or aliases) or |title= or |title-link=

]]

local function wikisource_url_make (str)
	local wl_type, D, L;
	local ws_url, ws_label;
	local wikisource_prefix = table.concat ({'https://', cfg.this_wiki_code, '.wikisource.org/wiki/'});

	wl_type, D, L = utilities.is_wikilink (str);								-- wl_type is 0 (not a wikilink), 1 (simple wikilink), 2 (complex wikilink)

	if 0 == wl_type then														-- not a wikilink; might be from |title-link=
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 1 == wl_type then													-- simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article]]
		str = D:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or D:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title
				});
			ws_label = str;														-- label for the URL
		end
	elseif 2 == wl_type then													-- non-so-simple wikilink: [[Wikisource:ws article|displayed text]] ([[L|D]])
		str = L:match ('^[Ww]ikisource:(.+)') or L:match ('^[Ss]:(.+)');		-- article title from interwiki link with long-form or short-form namespace
		if utilities.is_set (str) then
			ws_label = D;														-- get ws article name from display portion of interwiki link
			ws_url = table.concat ({											-- build a Wikisource URL
				wikisource_prefix,												-- prefix
				str,															-- article title without namespace from link portion of wikilink
				});
		end
	end

	if ws_url then
		ws_url = mw.uri.encode (ws_url, 'WIKI');								-- make a usable URL
		ws_url = ws_url:gsub ('%%23', '#');										-- undo percent-encoding of fragment marker
	end

	return ws_url, ws_label, L or D;											-- return proper URL or nil and a label or nil
end


--[[----------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P E R I O D I C A L &gt;-----------------------

Format the three periodical parameters: |script-&lt;periodical&gt;=, |&lt;periodical&gt;=,
and |trans-&lt;periodical&gt;= into a single Periodical meta-parameter.

]]

local function format_periodical (script_periodical, script_periodical_source, periodical, trans_periodical)

	if not utilities.is_set (periodical) then
		periodical = '';														-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', periodical);			-- style 
	end

	periodical = script_concatenate (periodical, script_periodical, script_periodical_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (trans_periodical) then
		trans_periodical = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', trans_periodical);
		if utilities.is_set (periodical) then
			periodical = periodical .. ' ' .. trans_periodical;
		else																	-- here when trans-periodical without periodical or script-periodical
			periodical = trans_periodical;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'periodical'});
		end
	end

	return periodical;
end


--[[------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ C H A P T E R _ T I T L E &gt;---------------

Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=,
and |chapter-url= into a single chapter meta- parameter (chapter_url_source used
for error messages).

]]

local function format_chapter_title (script_chapter, script_chapter_source, chapter, chapter_source, trans_chapter, trans_chapter_source, chapter_url, chapter_url_source, no_quotes, access)
	local ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (chapter);					-- make a wikisource URL and label from a wikisource interwiki link
	if ws_url then
		ws_label = ws_label:gsub ('_', ' ');									-- replace underscore separators with space characters
		chapter = ws_label;
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (chapter) then
		chapter = '';															-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		if false == no_quotes then
			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);									-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter);
		end
	end

	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, script_chapter, script_chapter_source);	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped

	if utilities.is_set (chapter_url) then
		chapter = external_link (chapter_url, chapter, chapter_url_source, access);	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
	elseif ws_url then
		chapter = external_link (ws_url, chapter .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in chapter');	-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate; space char to move icon away from chap text; TODO: better way to do this?
		chapter = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, chapter});				
	end

	if utilities.is_set (trans_chapter) then
		trans_chapter = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_chapter);
		if utilities.is_set (chapter) then
			chapter = chapter .. ' ' .. trans_chapter;
		else																	-- here when trans_chapter without chapter or script-chapter
			chapter = trans_chapter;
			chapter_source = trans_chapter_source:match ('trans%-?(.+)');		-- when no chapter, get matching name from trans-&lt;param&gt;
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {chapter_source});
		end
	end

	return chapter;
end


--[[----------------&lt; H A S _ I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R S &gt;-------------------

This function searches a parameter's value for non-printable or invisible characters.
The search stops at the first match.

This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the Wikisource.

Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers
(gallery, math, pre, ref) and identifies them with a slightly different error message.
See also coins_cleanup().

Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the
Unicode group, or the stripmarker that was detected along with its position (or,
for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the parameter value.

]]

local function has_invisible_chars (param, v)
	local position = '';														-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker
	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker
	local stripmarker;															-- boolean set true when a stripmarker is found

	capture = string.match (v, '[%w%p ]*');										-- test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true
	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no Unicode characters
		return;
	end

	for _, invisible_char in ipairs (cfg.invisible_chars) do
		local char_name = invisible_char[1];									-- the character or group name
		local pattern = invisible_char[2];										-- the pattern used to find it
		position, _, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern);					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern
		
		if position and (cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then				-- if we found a zero-width joiner character
			if mw.ustring.find (v, cfg.indic_script) then						-- it's ok if one of the Indic scripts
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			elseif cfg.emoji_t[mw.ustring.codepoint (v, position+1)] then			-- is zwj followed by a character listed in emoji{}?
				position = nil;													-- unset position
			end
		end
		
		if position then
			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture or						-- nowiki and math stripmarkers (not an error condition)
				('templatestyles' == capture and utilities.in_array (param, {'id', 'quote'})) then	-- templatestyles stripmarker allowed in these parameters
					stripmarker = true;											-- set a flag
			elseif true == stripmarker and cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture then	-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker
				position = nil;													-- unset
			else
				local err_msg;
				if capture and not (cfg.invisible_defs.del == capture or cfg.invisible_defs.zwj == capture) then
					err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_1, {capture, char_name});	-- &lt;capture&gt; here is stripmarker name
				else
					err_msg = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.invisible_2, char_name);
				end

				utilities.set_message ('err_invisible_char', {err_msg, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param), position});	-- add error message
				return;															-- and done with this parameter
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; A R G U M E N T _ W R A P P E R &gt;----------------------

Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined
in the configuration file so that multiple names can be transparently aliased to
single internal variable.

]]

local function argument_wrapper ( args )
	local origin = {};
	
	return setmetatable({
		ORIGIN = function ( self, k )
			local dummy = self[k];												-- force the variable to be loaded.
			return origin[k];
		end
	},
	{
		__index = function ( tbl, k )
			if origin[k] ~= nil then
				return nil;
			end
			
			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliases[k];
			
			if type( list ) == 'table' then
				v, origin[k] = utilities.select_one ( args, list, 'err_redundant_parameters' );
				if origin[k] == nil then
					origin[k] = '';												-- Empty string, not nil
				end
			elseif list ~= nil then
				v, origin[k] = args[list], list;
			else
				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
				-- v, origin[k] = args[k], k;
				error( cfg.messages['unknown_argument_map'] .. ': ' .. k);
			end
			
			-- Empty strings, not nil;
			if v == nil then
				v = '';
				origin[k] = '';
			end
			
			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
			return v;
		end,
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N O W R A P _ D A T E &gt;-------------------------

When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: &lt;span ...&gt;YYYY-MM-DD&lt;/span&gt;.
When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span:
&lt;span ...&gt;DD MMMM&lt;/span&gt; YYYY or &lt;span ...&gt;MMMM DD,&lt;/span&gt; YYYY

DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.

]]

local function nowrap_date (date)
	local cap = '';
	local cap2 = '';

	if date:match(&quot;^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$&quot;) then
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap1'], date);
	
	elseif date:match(&quot;^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) or date:match (&quot;^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$&quot;) then
		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, &quot;^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$&quot;);
		date = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['nowrap2'], {cap, cap2});
	end
	
	return date;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ T I T L E T Y P E &gt;---------------------

This function sets default title types (equivalent to the citation including
|type=&lt;default value&gt;) for those templates that have defaults. Also handles the
special case where it is desirable to omit the title type from the rendered citation
(|type=none).

]]

local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type)
	if utilities.is_set (title_type) then
		if 'none' == cfg.keywords_xlate[title_type] then
			title_type = '';													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
		end
		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
	end

	return cfg.title_types [cite_class] or '';									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ J O I N &gt;-----------------------------

Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.

]]

local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char )
	local f = {};																-- create a function table appropriate to type of 'duplicate character'
		if 1 == #duplicate_char then											-- for single byte ASCII characters use the string library functions
			f.gsub = string.gsub
			f.match = string.match
			f.sub = string.sub
		else																	-- for multi-byte characters use the ustring library functions
			f.gsub = mw.ustring.gsub
			f.match = mw.ustring.match
			f.sub = mw.ustring.sub
		end

	local str = '';																-- the output string
	local comp = '';															-- what does 'comp' mean?
	local end_chr = '';
	local trim;
	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
		if value == nil then value = ''; end
		
		if str == '' then														-- if output string is empty
			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop)
		elseif value ~= '' then
			if value:sub(1, 1) == '&lt;' then										-- special case of values enclosed in spans and other markup.
				comp = value:gsub( &quot;%b&lt;&gt;&quot;, &quot;&quot; );								-- remove HTML markup (&lt;span&gt;string&lt;/span&gt; -&gt; string)
			else
				comp = value;
			end
																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc
			if f.sub(comp, 1, 1) == duplicate_char then							-- is first character same as duplicate_char? why test first character?
																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for the
																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc.?
				trim = false;
				end_chr = f.sub(str, -1, -1);									-- get the last character of the output string
				-- str = str .. &quot;&lt;HERE(enchr=&quot; .. end_chr .. &quot;)&quot;				-- debug stuff?
				if end_chr == duplicate_char then								-- if same as separator
					str = f.sub(str, 1, -2);									-- remove it
				elseif end_chr == &quot;'&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;''&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc'' 
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -4) .. &quot;''&quot;;						-- remove them and add back ''
					elseif  f.sub(str, -5, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]''&quot; then	-- if last five chars of str are sepc]]'' 
						trim = true;											-- why? why do this and next differently from previous?
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]''&quot; then	-- if last four chars of str are sepc]'' 
						trim = true;											-- same question
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot;]&quot; then										-- if it might be wiki-markup
					if f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]]&quot; then		-- if last three chars of str are sepc]] wikilink 
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -3, -1) == duplicate_char .. '&quot;]' then	-- if last three chars of str are sepc&quot;] quoted external link 
						trim = true;
					elseif  f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;]&quot; then	-- if last two chars of str are sepc] external link
						trim = true;
					elseif f.sub(str, -4, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot;'']&quot; then	-- normal case when |url=something &amp; |title=Title.
						trim = true;
					end
				elseif end_chr == &quot; &quot; then										-- if last char of output string is a space
					if f.sub(str, -2, -1) == duplicate_char .. &quot; &quot; then			-- if last two chars of str are &lt;sepc&gt;&lt;space&gt;
						str = f.sub(str, 1, -3);								-- remove them both
					end
				end

				if trim then
					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains HTML markup
						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
						if f.match(dup2, &quot;%A&quot; ) then dup2 = &quot;%&quot; .. dup2; end	-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it
						
						value = f.gsub(value, &quot;(%b&lt;&gt;)&quot; .. dup2, &quot;%1&quot;, 1 )		-- remove duplicate_char if it follows HTML markup
					else
						value = f.sub(value, 2, -1 );							-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character
					end
				end
			end
			str = str .. value; 												-- add it to the output string
		end
	end
	return str;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S U F F I X &gt;-----------------------------

returns true if suffix is properly formed Jr, Sr, or ordinal in the range 1–9.
Puncutation not allowed.

]]

local function is_suffix (suffix)
	if utilities.in_array (suffix, {'Jr', 'Sr', 'Jnr', 'Snr', '1st', '2nd', '3rd'}) or suffix:match ('^%dth$') then
		return true;
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------&lt; I S _ G O O D _ V A N C _ N A M E &gt;-------------------

For Vancouver style, author/editor names are supposed to be rendered in Latin
(read ASCII) characters.  When a name uses characters that contain diacritical
marks, those characters are to be converted to the corresponding Latin
character. When a name is written using a non-Latin alphabet or logogram, that
name is to be transliterated into Latin characters. The module doesn't do this
so editors may/must.

This test allows |first= and |last= names to contain any of the letters defined
in the four Unicode Latin character sets
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf C0 Controls and Basic Latin] 0041–005A, 0061–007A
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0080.pdf C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement] 00C0–00D6, 00D8–00F6, 00F8–00FF
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0100.pdf Latin Extended-A] 0100–017F
	[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf Latin Extended-B] 0180–01BF, 01C4–024F

|lastn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, and apostrophes.
	(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
|firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods

This original test:
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%']*$&quot;)
	or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.]+[2-6%a]*$&quot;) then
was written outside of the code editor and pasted here because the code editor
gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position. The test has
been rewritten to use decimal character escape sequence for the individual bytes
of the Unicode characters so that it is not necessary to use an external editor
to maintain this code.

	\195\128-\195\150 – À-Ö (U+00C0–U+00D6 – C0 controls)
	\195\152-\195\182 – Ø-ö (U+00D8-U+00F6 – C0 controls)
	\195\184-\198\191 – ø-ƿ (U+00F8-U+01BF – C0 controls, Latin extended A &amp; B)
	\199\132-\201\143 – Ǆ-ɏ (U+01C4-U+024F – Latin extended B)

]]

local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, position)
	if not suffix then
		if first:find ('[,%s]') then											-- when there is a space or comma, might be first name/initials + generational suffix
			first = first:match ('(.-)[,%s]+');									-- get name/initials
			suffix = first:match ('[,%s]+(.+)$');								-- get generational suffix
		end
	end
	if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
		if not is_suffix (suffix) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);
			return false;														-- not a name with an appropriate suffix
		end
	end
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%']*$&quot;) or
		nil == mw.ustring.find (first, &quot;^[A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143\225\184\128-\225\187\191%-%s%'%.]*$&quot;) then
			add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['non-Latin char'], position);
			return false;														-- not a string of Latin characters; Vancouver requires Romanization
	end;
	return true;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E D U C E _ T O _ I N I T I A L S &gt;------------------------------------------

Attempts to convert names to initials in support of |name-list-style=vanc.  

Names in |firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period.
See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.

Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc.) to be rendered
as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/.
This code only accepts and understands generational suffix in the Vancouver format
because Roman numerals look like, and can be mistaken for, initials.

This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the
Unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().

]]

local function reduce_to_initials (first, position)
	if first:find (',', 1, true) then
		return first;															-- commas not allowed; abandon
	end

	local name, suffix = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+) ([%dJS][%drndth]+)$&quot;);

	if not name then															-- if not initials and a suffix
		name = mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^(%u+)$&quot;);								-- is it just initials?
	end

	if name then																-- if first is initials with or without suffix
		if 3 &gt; mw.ustring.len (name) then										-- if one or two initials
			if suffix then														-- if there is a suffix
				if is_suffix (suffix) then										-- is it legitimate?
					return first;												-- one or two initials and a valid suffix so nothing to do
				else
					add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.suffix, position);			-- one or two initials with invalid suffix so error message
					return first;												-- and return first unmolested
				end
			else
				return first;													-- one or two initials without suffix; nothing to do
			end
		end
	end																			-- if here then name has 3 or more uppercase letters so treat them as a word

	local initials_t, names_t = {}, {};											-- tables to hold name parts and initials
	local i = 1;																-- counter for number of initials

	names_t = mw.text.split (first, '[%s%-]+');									-- split into a sequence of names and possible suffix

	while names_t[i] do															-- loop through the sequence
		if 1 &lt; i and names_t[i]:match ('[%dJS][%drndth]+%.?$') then				-- if not the first name, and looks like a suffix (may have trailing dot)
			names_t[i] = names_t[i]:gsub ('%.', '');							-- remove terminal dot if present
			if is_suffix (names_t[i]) then										-- if a legitimate suffix
				table.insert (initials_t, ' ' .. names_t[i]);					-- add a separator space, insert at end of initials sequence
				break;															-- and done because suffix must fall at the end of a name
			end																	-- no error message if not a suffix; possibly because of Romanization
		end
		if 3 &gt; i then
			table.insert (initials_t, mw.ustring.sub (names_t[i], 1, 1));		-- insert the initial at end of initials sequence
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the counter
	end
			
	return table.concat (initials_t);											-- Vancouver format does not include spaces.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N T E R W I K I _ P R E F I X E N _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------

extract interwiki prefixen from &lt;value&gt;.  Returns two one or two values:
	false – no prefixen
	nil – prefix exists but not recognized
	project prefix, language prefix – when value has either of:
		:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
		:&lt;language&gt;:&lt;project&gt;:&lt;article&gt;
	project prefix, nil – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known single-letter prefix
	nil, language prefix – when &lt;value&gt; has only a known language prefix

accepts single-letter project prefixen: 'd' (wikidata), 's' (wikisource), and 'w' (wikipedia) prefixes; at this
writing, the other single-letter prefixen (b (wikibook), c (commons), m (meta), n (wikinews), q (wikiquote), and
v (wikiversity)) are not supported.

]]

local function interwiki_prefixen_get (value, is_link)
	if not value:find (':%l+:') then											-- if no prefix
		return false;															-- abandon; boolean here to distinguish from nil fail returns later
	end

	local prefix_patterns_linked_t = {											-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',												-- wikilinked; project and language prefixes
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',												-- wikilinked; language and project prefixes
		'^%[%[:([dsw]):',														-- wikilinked; project prefix
		'^%[%[:(%l%l+):',														-- wikilinked; language prefix
		}
		
	local prefix_patterns_unlinked_t = {										-- sequence of valid interwiki and inter project prefixen
		'^:([dsw]):(%l%l+):',													-- project and language prefixes
		'^:(%l%l+):([dsw]):',													-- language and project prefixes
		'^:([dsw]):',															-- project prefix
		'^:(%l%l+):',															-- language prefix
		}
	
	local cap1, cap2;
	for _, pattern in ipairs ((is_link and prefix_patterns_linked_t) or prefix_patterns_unlinked_t) do
		cap1, cap2 = value:match (pattern);
		if cap1 then
			break;																-- found a match so stop looking
		end
	end
	
	if cap1 and cap2 then														-- when both then :project:language: or :language:project: (both forms allowed)
		if 1 == #cap1 then														-- length == 1 then :project:language:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap2] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap1, cap2;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		else																	-- here when :language:project:
			if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then									-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
				return cap2, cap1;												-- return interwiki project and interwiki language
			end
		end
		return nil;																-- unknown interwiki language
	elseif not (cap1 or cap2) then												-- both are nil?
		return nil;																-- we got something that looks like a project prefix but isn't; return fail
	elseif 1 == #cap1 then														-- here when one capture
		return cap1, nil;														-- length is 1 so return project, nil language
	else																		-- here when one capture and its length it more than 1
		if cfg.inter_wiki_map[cap1] then										-- is language prefix in the interwiki map?
			return nil, cap1;													-- return nil project, language
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; L I S T _ P E O P L E &gt;--------------------------

Formats a list of people (authors, contributors, editors, interviewers, translators) 

names in the list will be linked when
	|&lt;name&gt;-link= has a value
	|&lt;name&gt;-mask- does NOT have a value; masked names are presumed to have been
		rendered previously so should have been linked there

when |&lt;name&gt;-mask=0, the associated name is not rendered

]]

local function list_people (control, people, etal)
	local sep;
	local namesep;
	local format = control.format;
	local maximum = control.maximum;
	local name_list = {};

	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like name styling?
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl_vanc'];									-- name-list separator between names is a comma
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name_vanc'];							-- last/first separator is a space
	else
		sep = cfg.presentation['sep_nl'];										-- name-list separator between names is a semicolon
		namesep = cfg.presentation['sep_name'];									-- last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	end
	
	if sep:sub (-1, -1) ~= &quot; &quot; then sep = sep .. &quot; &quot; end
	if utilities.is_set (maximum) and maximum &lt; 1 then return &quot;&quot;, 0; end		-- returned 0 is for EditorCount; not used for other names
	
	for i, person in ipairs (people) do
		if utilities.is_set (person.last) then
			local mask = person.mask;
			local one;
			local sep_one = sep;

			if utilities.is_set (maximum) and i &gt; maximum then
				etal = true;
				break;
			end
			
			if mask then
				local n = tonumber (mask);										-- convert to a number if it can be converted; nil else
				if n then
					one = 0 ~= n and string.rep(&quot;&amp;mdash;&quot;, n) or nil;			-- make a string of (n &gt; 0) mdashes, nil else, to replace name
					person.link = nil;											-- don't create link to name if name is replaces with mdash string or has been set nil
				else
					one = mask;													-- replace name with mask text (must include name-list separator)
					sep_one = &quot; &quot;;												-- modify name-list separator
				end
			else
				one = person.last;												-- get surname
				local first = person.first										-- get given name
				if utilities.is_set (first) then
					if (&quot;vanc&quot; == format) then									-- if Vancouver format
						one = one:gsub ('%.', '');								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first, nil, i) then		-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested
							first = reduce_to_initials (first, i);				-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials
						end
					end
					one = one .. namesep .. first;
				end
			end
			if utilities.is_set (person.link) then
				one = utilities.make_wikilink (person.link, one);				-- link author/editor
			end

			if one then															-- if &lt;one&gt; has a value (name, mdash replacement, or mask text replacement)
				local proj, tag = interwiki_prefixen_get (one, true);			-- get the interwiki prefixen if present
				if 'w' == proj and ('Wikipedia' == mw.site.namespaces.Project['name']) then
					proj = nil;													-- for stuff like :w:de:&lt;article&gt;, :w is unnecessary TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if proj then
					local proj_name = ({['d'] = cfg.messages.wikidata, ['s'] = cfg.messages.wikisource, ['w'] = cfg.messages.wikipedia})[proj];	-- :w (wikipedia) for linking from a non-wikipedia project
					if proj_name then 
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interproj', proj_name);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interproj-linked-name', proj);	-- categorize it; &lt;proj&gt; is sort key
						tag = nil;												-- unset; don't do both project and language
					end
				end
				if tag == cfg.this_wiki_code then
					tag = nil;													-- stuff like :en:&lt;article&gt; at en.wiki is pointless TODO: maint cat?
				end
				if tag then
					local lang = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];
					if lang then												-- error messaging done in extract_names() where we know parameter names
						one = one .. utilities.wrap_style ('interwiki', lang);	-- add resized leading space, brackets, static text, language name
						utilities.add_prop_cat ('interwiki-linked-name', tag);	-- categorize it; &lt;tag&gt; is sort key
					end
				end

				table.insert (name_list, one);									-- add it to the list of names
				table.insert (name_list, sep_one);								-- add the proper name-list separator
			end
		end
	end

	local count = #name_list / 2;												-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2
	if 0 &lt; count then 
		if 1 &lt; count and not etal then
			if 'amp' == format then
				name_list[#name_list-2] = &quot; &amp; &quot;;								-- replace last separator with ampersand text
			elseif 'and' == format then
				if 2 == count then
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_and;		-- replace last separator with 'and' text
				else
					name_list[#name_list-2] = cfg.presentation.sep_nl_end;		-- replace last separator with '(sep) and' text
				end
			end
		end
		name_list[#name_list] = nil;											-- erase the last separator
	end

	local result = table.concat (name_list);									-- construct list
	if etal and utilities.is_set (result) then									-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list
		result = result .. sep .. cfg.messages['et al'];						-- we've got a last-first list and etal so add et al.
	end
	
	return result, count;														-- return name-list string and count of number of names (count used for editor names only)
end


--[[--------------------&lt; M A K E _ C I T E R E F _ I D &gt;-----------------------

Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise
returns an empty string.

namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that
order.  year is Year or anchor_year.

]]

local function make_citeref_id (namelist, year)
	local names={};							-- a table for the one to four names and year
	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do			-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names
		names[i] = v.last
		if i == 4 then break end			-- if four then done
	end
	table.insert (names, year);				-- add the year at the end
	local id = table.concat(names);			-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id
	if utilities.is_set (id) then			-- if concatenation is not an empty string
		return &quot;CITEREF&quot; .. id;				-- add the CITEREF portion
	else
		return '';							-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E _ C L A S S _A T T R I B U T E _M A K E &gt;------------------------------

construct &lt;cite&gt; tag class attribute for this citation.

&lt;cite_class&gt; – config.CitationClass from calling template
&lt;mode&gt; – value from |mode= parameter

]]

local function cite_class_attribute_make (cite_class, mode)
	local class_t = {};
	table.insert (class_t, 'citation');											-- required for blue highlight
	if 'citation' ~= cite_class then
		table.insert (class_t, cite_class);										-- identify this template for user css
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs1');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	else
		table.insert (class_t, utilities.is_set (mode) and mode or 'cs2');		-- identify the citation style for user css or javascript
	end
	for _, prop_key in ipairs (z.prop_keys_t) do
		table.insert (class_t, prop_key);										-- identify various properties for user css or javascript
	end

	return table.concat (class_t, ' ');											-- make a big string and done
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ E T A L &gt;--------------------------

Evaluates the content of name parameters (author, editor, etc.) for variations on
the theme of et al.  If found, the et al. is removed, a flag is set to true and
the function returns the modified name and the flag.

This function never sets the flag to false but returns its previous state because
it may have been set by previous passes through this function or by the associated
|display-&lt;names&gt;=etal parameter

]]

local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat, param)

	if utilities.is_set (name) then												-- name can be nil in which case just return
		local patterns = cfg.et_al_patterns; 									-- get patterns from configuration
		
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- loop through all of the patterns
			if name:match (pattern) then										-- if this 'et al' pattern is found in name
				name = name:gsub (pattern, '');									-- remove the offending text
				etal = true;													-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-&lt;names&gt;=etal)
				if not nocat then												-- no categorization for |vauthors=
					utilities.set_message ('err_etal', {param});				-- and set an error if not added
				end
			end
		end
	end

	return name, etal;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ N U M E R I C &gt;----------------------

Add an error message and category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value does not contain letters.  

Add a maintenance category when &lt;name&gt; parameter value has numeric characters mixed with characters that are 
not numeric characters; could be letters and/or punctuation characters.

This function will only emit one error and one maint message for the current template.  Does not emit both error
and maint messages/categories for the same parameter value.

returns nothing

]]

local function name_is_numeric (name, name_alias, list_name)
	local patterns = {
		'^%D+%d',																-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits preceded by other characters
		'^%D*%d+%D+',															-- &lt;name&gt; must have digits followed by other characters
		}

	if not added_numeric_name_errs and mw.ustring.match (name, '^[%A]+$') then	-- if we have not already set an error message and &lt;name&gt; does not have any alpha characters
		utilities.set_message ('err_numeric_names', name_alias);				-- add an error message
		added_numeric_name_errs = true;											-- set the flag so we emit only one error message
		return;																	-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
	end

	if not added_numeric_name_maint then										-- if we have already set a maint message
		for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns) do									-- spin through list of patterns
			if mw.ustring.match (name, pattern) then							-- digits preceded or followed by anything but digits; %D+ includes punctuation
				utilities.set_message ('maint_numeric_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint cat for this template
				added_numeric_name_maint = true;								-- set the flag so we emit only one maint message
				return;															-- when here no point in further testing; abandon
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[-----------------&lt; N A M E _ H A S _ M U L T _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Evaluates the content of last/surname (authors etc.) parameters for multiple names.
Multiple names are indicated if there is more than one comma or any &quot;unescaped&quot;
semicolons. Escaped semicolons are ones used as part of selected HTML entities.
If the condition is met, the function adds the multiple name maintenance category.

Same test for first except that commas should not appear in given names (MOS:JR says
that the generational suffix does not take a separator character).  Titles, degrees,
postnominals, affiliations, all normally comma separated don't belong in a citation.

&lt;name&gt; – name parameter value
&lt;list_name&gt; – AuthorList, EditorList, etc
&lt;limit&gt; – number of allowed commas; 1 (default) for surnames; 0 for given names

returns nothing

]]

local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name, limit)
	local _, commas, semicolons, nbsps;
	limit = limit and limit or 1;
	if utilities.is_set (name) then
		_, commas = name:gsub (',', '');										-- count the number of commas
		_, semicolons = name:gsub (';', '');									-- count the number of semicolons
		-- nbsps probably should be its own separate count rather than merged in
		-- some way with semicolons because Lua patterns do not support the
		-- grouping operator that regex does, which means there is no way to add
		-- more entities to escape except by adding more counts with the new
		-- entities
		_, nbsps = name:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;','');										-- count nbsps
		
		-- There is exactly 1 semicolon per &amp;nbsp; entity, so subtract nbsps
		-- from semicolons to 'escape' them. If additional entities are added,
		-- they also can be subtracted.
		if limit &lt; commas or 0 &lt; (semicolons - nbsps) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_mult_names', cfg.special_case_translation [list_name]);	-- add a maint message
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Compares values assigned to various parameters according to the string provided as &lt;item&gt; in the function call.
&lt;item&gt; can have on of two values:
	'generic_names' – for name-holding parameters: |last=, |first=, |editor-last=, etc
	'generic_titles' – for |title=

There are two types of generic tests.  The 'accept' tests look for a pattern that should not be rejected by the
'reject' test.  For example,
	|author=[[John Smith (author)|Smith, John]]
would be rejected by the 'author' reject test.  But piped wikilinks with 'author' disambiguation should not be
rejected so the 'accept' test prevents that from happening.  Accept tests are always performed before reject
tests.

Each of the 'accept' and 'reject' sequence tables hold tables for en.wiki (['en']) and local.wiki (['local'])
that each can hold a test sequence table  The sequence table holds, at index [1], a test pattern, and, at index
[2], a boolean control value.  The control value tells string.find() or mw.ustring.find() to do plain-text search (true)
or a pattern search (false).  The intent of all this complexity is to make these searches as fast as possible so
that we don't run out of processing time on very large articles.

Returns
	true when a reject test finds the pattern or string
	false when an accept test finds the pattern or string
	nil else

]=]

local function is_generic (item, value, wiki)
	local test_val;
	local str_lower = {															-- use string.lower() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.lower() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.lower,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.lower,
		}
	local str_find = {															-- use string.find() for en.wiki (['en']) and use mw.ustring.find() or local.wiki (['local'])
		['en'] = string.find,
		['local'] = mw.ustring.find,
		}

	local function test (val, test_t, wiki)										-- local function to do the testing; &lt;wiki&gt; selects lower() and find() functions
		val = test_t[2] and str_lower[wiki](value) or val;						-- when &lt;test_t[2]&gt; set to 'true', plaintext search using lowercase value
		return str_find[wiki] (val, test_t[1], 1, test_t[2]);					-- return nil when not found or matched
	end
		
	local test_types_t = {'accept', 'reject'};									-- test accept patterns first, then reject patterns
	local wikis_t = {'en', 'local'};											-- do tests for each of these keys; en.wiki first, local.wiki second

	for _, test_type in ipairs (test_types_t) do								-- for each test type
		for _, generic_value in pairs (cfg.special_case_translation[item][test_type]) do	-- spin through the list of generic value fragments to accept or reject
			for _, wiki in ipairs (wikis_t) do
				if generic_value[wiki] then
					if test (value, generic_value[wiki], wiki) then				-- go do the test
						return ('reject' == test_type);							-- param value rejected, return true; false else
					end
				end
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ I S _ G E N E R I C &gt;------------------------------------------------

calls is_generic() to determine if &lt;name&gt; is a 'generic name' listed in cfg.generic_names; &lt;name_alias&gt; is the
parameter name used in error messaging

]]

local function name_is_generic (name, name_alias)
	if not added_generic_name_errs  and is_generic ('generic_names', name) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_generic_name', name_alias);					-- set an error message
		added_generic_name_errs = true;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ C H E C K S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

This function calls various name checking functions used to validate the content of the various name-holding parameters.

]]

local function name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias)
	local accept_name;

	if utilities.is_set (last) then
		last, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (last);				-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;last&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;last&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (last, list_name);								-- check for multiple names in the parameter
			name_is_numeric (last, last_alias, list_name);						-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (last, last_alias);									-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (first) then
		first, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (first);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;first&gt;

		if not accept_name then													-- &lt;first&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
			name_has_mult_names (first, list_name, 0);							-- check for multiple names in the parameter; 0 is number of allowed commas in a given name
			name_is_numeric (first, first_alias, list_name);					-- check for names that have no letters or are a mix of digits and other characters
			name_is_generic (first, first_alias);								-- check for names found in the generic names list
		end
		local wl_type, D = utilities.is_wikilink (first);
		if 0 ~= wl_type then
			first = D;
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', first_alias);
		end
	end

	return last, first;															-- done
end


--[[----------------------&lt; E X T R A C T _ N A M E S &gt;-------------------------

Gets name list from the input arguments

Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters
(or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters. Stops searching
when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts:
found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't find |last4= and |last5= then the
search is done.

This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching
|lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not
required to have a matching |firstn=.

When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.'
is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned that will cause list_people()
to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps
'et al.' out of the template's metadata.  When this occurs, an error is emitted.

]]

local function extract_names(args, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names
	local last;																	-- individual name components
	local first;
	local link;
	local mask;
	local i = 1;																-- loop counter/indexer
	local n = 1;																-- output table indexer
	local count = 0;															-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter

	local last_alias, first_alias, link_alias;									-- selected parameter aliases used in error messaging
	while true do
		last, last_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
		first, first_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		link, link_alias = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
	
		if last then															-- error check |lastn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix; done here because this is where we have the parameter name
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (last, true);		-- true because we expect interwiki links in |lastn= to be wikilinked
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', last_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				last = utilities.remove_wiki_link (last);						-- remove wikilink markup; show display value only
			end
		end
		
		if link then															-- error check |linkn= alias for unknown interwiki link prefix
			local project, language = interwiki_prefixen_get (link, false);		-- false because wiki links in |author-linkn= is an error
			if nil == project and nil == language then							-- when both are nil
				utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', link_alias);		-- not known, emit an error message	-- TODO: err_bad_interwiki?
				link = nil;														-- unset so we don't link
				link_alias = nil;
			end
		end
		
		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false, last_alias);				-- find and remove variations on et al.
		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false, first_alias);			-- find and remove variations on et al.
		last, first = name_checks (last, first, list_name, last_alias, first_alias);						-- multiple names, extraneous annotation, etc. checks

		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
			local alias = first_alias:find ('given', 1, true) and 'given' or 'first';	-- get first or given form of the alias
			utilities.set_message ('err_first_missing_last', {
				first_alias,													-- param name of alias missing its mate
				first_alias:gsub (alias, {['first'] = 'last', ['given'] = 'surname'}),	-- make param name appropriate to the alias form
				});																-- add this error message
		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
			if 2 &lt;= count then													-- two missing names and we give up
				break;															-- normal exit or there is a two-name hole in the list; can't tell which
			end
		else																	-- we have last with or without a first
			local result;
			link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, last, last_alias);			-- check for improper wiki-markup

			if first then
				link = link_title_ok (link, link_alias, first, first_alias);	-- check for improper wiki-markup
			end

			names[n] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = false};	-- add this name to our names list (corporate for |vauthors= only)
			n = n + 1;															-- point to next location in the names table
			if 1 == count then													-- if the previous name was missing
				utilities.set_message ('err_missing_name', {list_name:match (&quot;(%w+)List&quot;):lower(), i - 1});	-- add this error message
			end
			count = 0;															-- reset the counter, we're looking for two consecutive missing names
		end
		i = i + 1;																-- point to next args location
	end
	
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names and the etal flag
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; N A M E _ T A G _ G E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

attempt to decode |language=&lt;lang_param&gt; and return language name and matching tag; nil else.

This function looks for:
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.lang_tag_remap{}
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{}
	
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t
	&lt;lang_param&gt; as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t
when those fail, presume that &lt;lang_param&gt; is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize.  Strip all
script, region, variant, whatever subtags from &lt;lang_param&gt; to leave just a two or three character language tag
and look for the new &lt;lang_param&gt; in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{}

on success, returns name (in properly capitalized form) and matching tag (in lowercase); on failure returns nil

]]

local function name_tag_get (lang_param)
	local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param);						-- use lowercase as an index into the various tables
	local name;
	local tag;

	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[lang_param_lc];									-- assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name 
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;lang_param&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		if cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2] ~= lang_param_lc then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
			return name, cfg.lang_name_remap[name:lower()][2];					-- so return name and tag from lang_name_remap[name]; special case to xlate sr-ec and sr-el to sr-cyrl and sr-latn
		end
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- still assuming that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags
	name = cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag];												-- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only
	if name then																-- when &lt;name&gt;, &lt;tag&gt; is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, tag;														-- so return &lt;name&gt; from remap and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	if cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc] then									-- not a remapped tag, assume &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag 
		return cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][1], cfg.lang_name_remap[lang_param_lc][2];	-- for this &lt;lang_param_lc&gt;, return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag
	end

	name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name
	
	if name then
		return name, lang_param_lc;												-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a tag so return it and &lt;name&gt;
	end
	
	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t[lang_param_lc];							-- assume that &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag
	
	if tag then
		return cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag], tag;								-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is a name so return the name from the table and &lt;tag&gt;
	end

	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- is &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize? &lt;tag&gt; gets the language subtag; nil else

	if tag then
		name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t[tag];									-- attempt to get a language name using the shortened &lt;tag&gt;
		if name then
			return name, tag;													-- &lt;lang_param_lc&gt; is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return &lt;name&gt; and language subtag
		end
	end
end


--[[-------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E _ P A R A M E T E R &gt;------------------

Gets language name from a provided two- or three-character ISO 639 code.  If a code
is recognized by MediaWiki, use the returned name; if not, then use the value that
was provided with the language parameter.

When |language= contains a recognized language (either code or name), the page is
assigned to the category for that code: Category:Norwegian-language sources (no).
For valid three-character code languages, the page is assigned to the single category
for '639-2' codes: Category:CS1 ISO 639-2 language sources.

Languages that are the same as the local wiki are not categorized.  MediaWiki does
not recognize three-character equivalents of two-character codes: code 'ar' is
recognized but code 'ara' is not.

This function supports multiple languages in the form |language=nb, French, th
where the language names or codes are separated from each other by commas with
optional space characters.

]]

local function language_parameter (lang)
	local tag;																	-- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags
	local lang_subtag;															-- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags the MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag
	local name;																	-- the language name
	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered
	local names_t = {};															-- table made from the value assigned to |language=

	local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (cfg.this_wiki_code, cfg.this_wiki_code);	-- get this wiki's language name

	names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');									-- names should be a comma separated list

	for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do											-- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag
		name, tag = name_tag_get (lang);										-- attempt to get name/tag pair for &lt;lang&gt;; &lt;name&gt; has proper capitalization; &lt;tag&gt; is lowercase

		if utilities.is_set (tag) then
			lang_subtag = tag:gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');					-- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag

			if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then							-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language
				if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then									-- and is a two-character tag
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source', {cfg.lang_tag_remap[tag] or mw.language.fetchLanguageName (tag, cfg.this_wiki_code) or name, tag}, lang_subtag);	-- fa: category uses Persian language name; display keeps English name		-- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization
				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag)
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);			-- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template?
				end
			elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then								-- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled
				utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag});		-- categorize it
			end
		else
			name = lang;														-- return whatever &lt;lang&gt; has so that we show something
			utilities.set_message ('maint_unknown_lang');						-- add maint category if not already added
		end
		
		table.insert (language_list, name);
		name = '';																-- so we can reuse it
	end
 
	name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list);
	if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then		-- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English'
		return '';																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation)
	end
	return (&quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)'
	--[[ TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list
	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format
	]]
end


--[[-----------------------&lt; S E T _ C S _ S T Y L E &gt;--------------------------

Gets the default CS style configuration for the given mode.
Returns default separator and either postscript as passed in or the default.
In CS1, the default postscript and separator are '.'.
In CS2, the default postscript is the empty string and the default separator is ','.

]]

local function set_cs_style (postscript, mode)
	if utilities.is_set(postscript) then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs1 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs2 in set_style
		if mode == 'cs1' and postscript == cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode] then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
	else
		postscript = cfg.presentation['ps_' .. mode];
	end
	return cfg.presentation['sep_' .. mode], postscript;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S T Y L E &gt;-----------------------------

Sets the separator and postscript styles. Checks the |mode= first and the
#invoke CitationClass second. Removes the postscript if postscript == none.

]]

local function set_style (mode, postscript, cite_class)
	local sep;
	if 'cs2' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	elseif 'cs1' == mode then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	elseif 'citation' == cite_class	then
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs2');
	else
		sep, postscript = set_cs_style (postscript, 'cs1');
	end

	if cfg.keywords_xlate[postscript:lower()] == 'none' then
		-- emit a maintenance message if user postscript is the default cs2 postscript
		-- we catch the opposite case for cs1 in set_cs_style
		if 'cs2' == mode or ('cs1' ~= mode and 'citation' == cite_class) then	-- {{citation |title=Title |mode=cs1 |postscript=none}} should not emit maint message
			utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript');
		end
		postscript = '';
	end
	
	return sep, postscript
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ P D F &gt;-----------------------------------

Determines if a URL has the file extension that is one of the PDF file extensions
used by [[MediaWiki:Common.css]] when applying the PDF icon to external links.

returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extensions, else false

]=]

local function is_pdf (url)
	return url:match ('%.pdf$') or url:match ('%.PDF$') or
		url:match ('%.pdf[%?#]') or url:match ('%.PDF[%?#]') or
		url:match ('%.PDF&amp;#035') or url:match ('%.pdf&amp;#035');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T Y L E _ F O R M A T &gt;-----------------------

Applies CSS style to |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message
if the format parameter does not have a matching URL parameter.  If the format parameter
is not set and the URL contains a file extension that is recognized as a PDF document
by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with
the appropriate styling.

]]

local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param)
	if utilities.is_set (format) then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', format);						-- add leading space, parentheses, resize
		if not utilities.is_set (url) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param});	-- add an error message
		end
	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if URL is a PDF file then
		format = utilities.wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');						-- set format to PDF
	else
		format = '';															-- empty string for concatenation
	end
	return format;
end


--[[---------------------&lt; G E T _ D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S &gt;------------------

Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor
name lists and a Boolean flag to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero,
return the number and the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default
but may have been set to true if the name list contains some variant of the text 'et al.').

When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number
that is one greater than the number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.
This will cause the list_people() to display all of the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'

In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.

inputs:
	max: A['DisplayAuthors'] or A['DisplayEditors'], etc; a number or some flavor of etal
	count: #a or #e
	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors'
	etal: author_etal or editor_etal

This function sets an error message when |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names but
not when &lt;max&gt; comes from {{cs1 config}} global settings.  When using global settings, &lt;param&gt; is set to the
keyword 'cs1 config' which is used to supress the normal error.  Error is suppressed because it is to be expected
that some citations in an article will have the same or fewer names that the limit specified in {{cs1 config}}.

]]

local function get_display_names (max, count, list_name, etal, param)
	if utilities.is_set (max) then
		if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '') then						-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al.
			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names()
		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers
			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number
			if (max &gt;= count) and ('cs1 config' ~= param) then					-- error when local |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of names; not an error when using global setting
				utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});			-- add error message
				max = nil;
			end
		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number
			utilities.set_message ('err_disp_name', {param, max});				-- add error message
			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set
		end
	end
	
	return max, etal;
end


--[[----------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ P A G E _ C H E C K &gt;---------------

Adds error if |page=, |pages=, |quote-page=, |quote-pages= has what appears to be
some form of p. or pp. abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.

check page for extraneous p, p., pp, pp., pg, pg. at start of parameter value:
	good pattern: '^P[^%.P%l]' matches when page begins PX or P# but not Px
		      where x and X are letters and # is a digit
	bad pattern:  '^[Pp][PpGg]' matches when page begins pp, pP, Pp, PP, pg, pG, Pg, PG

]]

local function extra_text_in_page_check (val, name)
	if not val:match (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.good_ppattern) then
		for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.bad_ppatterns) do		-- spin through the selected sequence table of patterns
			if val:match (pattern) then											-- when a match, error so
				utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_pages', name);	 		-- add error message
				return;															-- and done
			end
		end
	end		
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X T R A _ T E X T _ I N _ V O L _ I S S _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------

Adds error if |volume= or |issue= has what appears to be some form of redundant 'type' indicator.  Applies to
both; this function looks for issue text in both |issue= and |volume= and looks for volume-like text in |voluem=
and |issue=.

For |volume=:
	'V.', or 'Vol.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations or 'Volume' in the first characters of the parameter
	content (all case insensitive). 'V' and 'v' (without the dot) are presumed to be roman numerals so
	are allowed.

For |issue=:
	'No.', 'I.', 'Iss.' (with or without the dot) abbreviations, or 'Issue' in the first characters of the
	parameter content (all case insensitive); numero styling: 'n°' with degree sign U+00B0, and № precomposed
	numero sign U+2116.
	
Single character values ('v', 'i', 'n') allowed when not followed by separator character ('.', ':', '=', or
whitespace character) – param values are trimmed of whitespace by MediaWiki before delivered to the module.
	
&lt;val&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter value
&lt;name&gt; is |volume= or |issue= parameter name for error message
&lt;selector&gt; is 'v' for |volume=, 'i' for |issue=

sets error message on failure; returns nothing

]]

local function extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (val, name, selector)
	if not utilities.is_set (val) then
		return;
	end
	
	local handler = 'v' == selector and 'err_extra_text_volume' or 'err_extra_text_issue';
	
	local accept_val;
	val, accept_val = utilities.has_accept_as_written (val);
	--if accept_val then														-- if uncomment this, |volume=((vol. 1)) suppresses error
	--	return;
	--end
	
	--val = mw.text.unstripNoWiki (val);										-- if uncomment this, |volume=&lt;nowiki&gt;vol. 1&lt;/nowiki&gt; shows error
	val = val:lower();															-- force parameter value to lower case
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.vol_iss_pg_patterns.vi_patterns_t) do			-- spin through the sequence table of patterns
		if val:match (pattern) then												-- when a match, error so
			utilities.set_message (handler, name);								-- add error message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; G E T _ V _ N A M E _ T A B L E &gt;----------------------------------------------

split apart a |vauthors= or |veditors= parameter.  This function allows for corporate names, wrapped in doubled
parentheses to also have commas; in the old version of the code, the doubled parentheses were included in the
rendered citation and in the metadata.  Individual author names may be wikilinked

	|vauthors=Jones AB, [[E. B. White|White EB]], ((Black, Brown, and Co.))

]=]

local function get_v_name_table (vparam, output_table, output_link_table)
	local _, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (vparam);
	if accept then
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('vanc-accept');									-- add properties category
	end
	local name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, &quot;%s*,%s*&quot;);						-- names are separated by commas
	local wl_type, label, link;													-- wl_type not used here; just a placeholder
	
	local i = 1;
	
	while name_table[i] do
		if name_table[i]:match ('^%(%(.*[^%)][^%)]$') then						-- first segment of corporate with one or more commas; this segment has the opening doubled parentheses
			local name = name_table[i];
			i = i + 1;															-- bump indexer to next segment
			while name_table[i] do
				name = name .. ', ' .. name_table[i];							-- concatenate with previous segments
				if name_table[i]:match ('^.*%)%)$') then						-- if this table member has the closing doubled parentheses
					break;														-- and done reassembling so
				end
				i = i + 1;														-- bump indexer
			end
			table.insert (output_table, name);									-- and add corporate name to the output table
			table.insert (output_link_table, '');								-- no wikilink
		else
			wl_type, label, link = utilities.is_wikilink (name_table[i]);		-- wl_type is: 0, no wl (text in label variable); 1, [[D]]; 2, [[L|D]]
			table.insert (output_table, label);									-- add this name
			if 1 == wl_type then
				table.insert (output_link_table, label);						-- simple wikilink [[D]]
			else
				table.insert (output_link_table, link);							-- no wikilink or [[L|D]]; add this link if there is one, else empty string
			end
		end
		i = i + 1;
	end	
	return output_table;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R S E _ V A U T H O R S _ V E D I T O R S &gt;--------------------------------

This function extracts author / editor names from |vauthors= or |veditors= and finds matching |xxxxor-maskn= and
|xxxxor-linkn= in args.  It then returns a table of assembled names just as extract_names() does.

Author / editor names in |vauthors= or |veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names
may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance
tests, are wrapped in doubled parentheses ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.

Supports generational suffixes Jr, 2nd, 3rd, 4th–6th.

This function sets the Vancouver error when a required comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.

]]

local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn=
	local v_name_table = {};
	local v_link_table = {};													-- when name is wikilinked, targets go in this table
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter
	local last, first, link, mask, suffix;
	local corporate = false;

	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period)
	v_name_table = get_v_name_table (vparam, v_name_table, v_link_table);		-- names are separated by commas

	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do
		first = '';																-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
		local accept_name;
		v_name, accept_name = utilities.has_accept_as_written (v_name);			-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;v_name&gt;

		if accept_name then
			last = v_name;
			corporate = true;													-- flag used in list_people()
		elseif string.find(v_name, &quot;%s&quot;) then
			if v_name:find('[;%.]') then										-- look for commonly occurring punctuation characters; 
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.punctuation, i);
			end
			local lastfirstTable = {}
			lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, &quot;%s+&quot;)
			first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);								-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be initials or generational suffix

			if not mw.ustring.match (first, '^%u+$') then						-- mw.ustring here so that later we will catch non-Latin characters
				suffix = first;													-- not initials so assume that whatever we got is a generational suffix
				first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);							-- get what should be the initials from the table
			end
			last = table.concat(lastfirstTable, ' ')							-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials and generational suffix
			if not utilities.is_set (last) then
				first = '';														-- unset
				last = v_name;													-- last empty because something wrong with first
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.name, i);
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') then
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl['missing comma'], i);			-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing
			end
			if mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then						-- this test is in the wrong place TODO: move or replace with a more appropriate test
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- matches a space between two initials
			end
		else
			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this?
		end
		
		if utilities.is_set (first) then
			if not mw.ustring.match (first, &quot;^%u?%u$&quot;) then						-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else
				add_vanc_error (cfg.err_msg_supl.initials, i);					-- too many initials; mixed case initials (which may be ok Romanization); hyphenated initials
			end
			is_good_vanc_name (last, first, suffix, i);							-- check first and last before restoring the suffix which may have a non-Latin digit
			if utilities.is_set (suffix) then
				first = first .. ' ' .. suffix;									-- if there was a suffix concatenate with the initials
				suffix = '';													-- unset so we don't add this suffix to all subsequent names
			end
		else
			if not corporate then
				is_good_vanc_name (last, '', nil, i);
			end
		end

		link = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Link'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i ) or v_link_table[i];
		mask = utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Mask'], 'err_redundant_parameters', i );
		names[i] = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate = corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list
	end
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ A U T H O R _ E D I T O R _ S O U R C E &gt;------------------------

Select one of |authors=, |authorn= / |lastn / firstn=, or |vauthors= as the source of the author name list or
select one of |editorn= / editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= or |veditors= as the source of the editor name list.

Only one of these appropriate three will be used.  The hierarchy is: |authorn= (and aliases) highest and |authors= lowest;
|editorn= (and aliases) highest and |veditors= lowest (support for |editors= withdrawn)

When looking for |authorn= / |editorn= parameters, test |xxxxor1= and |xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second
test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better
way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.

Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.

In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors as appropriate.

]]

local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name)
	local lastfirst = false;
	if utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice in case we have a |first1= without a |last1=; this ...
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 1 ) or		-- ... also catches the case where |first= is used with |vauthors=
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-Last'], 'none', 2 ) or
		utilities.select_one ( args, cfg.aliases[list_name .. '-First'], 'none', 2 ) then
			lastfirst = true;
	end

	if (utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or					-- these are the three error conditions
		(utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) or
		(true == lastfirst and utilities.is_set (xxxxors)) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters',
				utilities.substitute (cfg.special_case_translation.name_list_params,
					('AuthorList' == list_name) and cfg.special_case_translation.author or cfg.special_case_translation.editor));	-- add error message


	end

	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use
	if utilities.is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end;
	if utilities.is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end;
	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last 
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ P A R A M E T E R _ V A L U E &gt;------------------------------

This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number
of allowable values (yes, y, true, live, dead, etc.).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing
or empty in the source template) the function returns the value specified by ret_val.  If the parameter value is one
of the list of allowed values returns the translated value; else, emits an error message and returns the value
specified by ret_val.

TODO: explain &lt;invert&gt;

]]

local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible, ret_val, invert)
	if not utilities.is_set (value) then
		return ret_val;															-- an empty parameter is ok
	end

	if (not invert and utilities.in_array (value, possible)) then				-- normal; &lt;value&gt; is in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return cfg.keywords_xlate[value];										-- return translation of parameter keyword
	elseif invert and not utilities.in_array (value, possible) then				-- invert; &lt;value&gt; is not in &lt;possible&gt; table
		return value;															-- return &lt;value&gt; as it is
	else
		utilities.set_message ('err_invalid_param_val', {name, value});			-- not an allowed value so add error message
		return ret_val;
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T E R M I N A T E _ N A M E _ L I S T &gt;----------------------------------------

This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space
when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two
closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a
single space character.

]]

local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc)
	if (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. '. ') then					-- if already properly terminated
		return name_list;														-- just return the name list
	elseif (string.sub (name_list, -1, -1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list, -3, -1) == sepc .. ']]') then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char
		return name_list .. &quot; &quot;;												-- don't add another
	else
		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terminate the name list
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ V O L U M E _ I S S U E &gt;-----------------------------------------

returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue (or journal article number) parameters as a single
string; or formatted volume or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.

]]
	
local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, article, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower)
	if not utilities.is_set (volume) and not utilities.is_set (issue) and not utilities.is_set (article) then
		return '';
	end

	-- same condition as in format_pages_sheets()
	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);

	local is_numeric_vol = volume and (volume:match ('^[MDCLXVI]+$') or volume:match ('^%d+$'));	-- is only uppercase roman numerals or only digits?
	local is_long_vol = volume and (4 &lt; mw.ustring.len(volume));				-- is |volume= value longer than 4 characters?
	
	if volume and (not is_numeric_vol and is_long_vol) then						-- when not all digits or Roman numerals, is |volume= longer than 4 characters?
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('long-vol');									-- yes, add properties cat
	end

	if is_journal then															-- journal-style formatting
		local vol = '';

		if utilities.is_set (volume) then
			if is_numeric_vol then												-- |volume= value all digits or all uppercase Roman numerals?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, volume});	-- render in bold face
			elseif is_long_vol then												-- not all digits or Roman numerals; longer than 4 characters?
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-vol'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- not bold
			else																-- four or fewer characters
				vol = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['vol-bold'], {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)});	-- bold
			end
		end
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (issue) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-issue'], issue) or '')
		vol = vol .. (utilities.is_set (article) and utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-article-num'], article) or '')
		return vol;
	end
	
	if 'podcast' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
	
	if 'conference' == cite_class and utilities.is_set (article) then			-- |article-number= supported only in journal and conference cites
		if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (article) then		-- both volume and article number
			return wrap_msg ('vol-art', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), article}, lower);
		elseif utilities.is_set (article) then									-- article number alone; when volume alone, handled below
			return wrap_msg ('art', {sepc, article}, lower);
		end
	end

	-- all other types of citation
	if utilities.is_set (volume) and utilities.is_set (issue) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume), issue}, lower);
	elseif utilities.is_set (volume) then
		return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, utilities.hyphen_to_dash (volume)}, lower);
	else
		return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
	end
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; F O R M A T _ P A G E S _ S H E E T S &gt;-----------------------------------------

adds static text to one of |page(s)= or |sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings.
The return order is:
	page, pages, sheet, sheets

Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.

]]

local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower)
	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators
		if utilities.is_set (sheet) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), '';
			else
				return '', '', wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), '';
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (sheets) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower);
			else
				return '', '', '', wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower);
			end
		end
	end

	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (utilities.in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map', 'interview'}) and 'journal' == origin);
	
	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], page), '', '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		else
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, page}), '', '', '';
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if is_journal then
			return utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['j-page(s)'], pages), '', '', '';
		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then							-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		elseif not nopp then
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		else
			return '', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, pages}), '', '';
		end
	end
	
	return '', '', '', '';														-- return empty strings
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N S O U R C E _ L O C _ G E T &gt;----------------------------------------------

returns one of the in-source locators: page, pages, or at. 

If any of these are interwiki links to Wikisource, returns the label portion of the interwiki-link as plain text
for use in COinS.  This COinS thing is done because here we convert an interwiki-link to an external link and
add an icon span around that; get_coins_pages() doesn't know about the span.  TODO: should it?  

TODO: add support for sheet and sheets?; streamline;

TODO: make it so that this function returns only one of the three as the single in-source (the return value assigned
to a new name)?

]]

local function insource_loc_get (page, page_orig, pages, pages_orig, at)
	local ws_url, ws_label, coins_pages, L;										-- for Wikisource interwiki-links; TODO: this corrupts page metadata (span remains in place after cleanup; fix there?)

	if utilities.is_set (page) then
		if utilities.is_set (pages) or utilities.is_set (at) then
			pages = '';															-- unset the others
			at = '';
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (page, page_orig);								-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (page);						-- make ws URL from |page= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			page = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in page');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			page = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, page});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (pages) then
		if utilities.is_set (at) then
			at = '';															-- unset
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (pages, pages_orig);							-- emit error message when |page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.

		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (pages);						-- make ws URL from |pages= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			pages = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in pages');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			pages = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, pages});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (at) then
		ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (at);							-- make ws URL from |at= interwiki link; link portion L becomes tooltip label
		if ws_url then
			at = external_link (ws_url, ws_label .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in at');	-- space char after label to move icon away from in-source text; TODO: a better way to do this?
			at = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, at});
			coins_pages = ws_label;
		end
	end
	
	return page, pages, at, coins_pages;
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ U N I Q U E _ A R C H I V E _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------

add error message when |archive-url= value is same as |url= or chapter-url= (or alias...) value

]]

local function is_unique_archive_url (archive, url, c_url, source, date)
	if utilities.is_set (archive) then
		if archive == url or archive == c_url then
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_url', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', source)});	-- add error message
			return '', '';														-- unset |archive-url= and |archive-date= because same as |url= or |chapter-url=
		end
	end

	return archive, date;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; A R C H I V E _ U R L _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------

Check archive.org URLs to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the 
save snapshot URL or to calendar pages.  When the archive URL is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...)
archive.org saves a snapshot of the target page in the URL.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow
unwitting readers to do.

When the archive.org URL does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own
algorithm or provides a calendar 'search' result.  [[WP:ELNO]] discourages links to search results.

This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and
|archive-date= and an error message when:
	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command URL
	|archive-url= is an archive.org URL that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the
		correct place
otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=

There are two mostly compatible archive.org URLs:
	//web.archive.org/&lt;timestamp&gt;...		-- the old form
	//web.archive.org/web/&lt;timestamp&gt;...	-- the new form

The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags
('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore)
we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.

This function supports a preview mode.  When the article is rendered in preview mode, this function may return a modified
archive URL:
	for save command errors, return undated wildcard (/*/)
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp has a wildcard, return the URL unmodified
	for timestamp errors when the timestamp does not have a wildcard, return with timestamp limited to six digits plus wildcard (/yyyymm*/)

A secondary function is to return an archive-url timestamp from those archive urls that have them.  The timestamp
is used by validation.archive_date_check() to see if the value in |archive-date= matches the timestamp in the
archive url.

]=]

local function archive_url_check (url, date)
	local err_msg = '';															-- start with the error message empty
	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.org URL
	
	local function is_ts_date_valid (timestamp, origin_date)					-- local function to validate archive url taimestamp date; time ignored
		local y, m, d = timestamp:match ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)');				-- split into parts
		if y and validation.is_valid_date (y, m, d) and (tonumber (y) &gt;= 1996) then
			return true, tonumber (y) &gt;= origin_date;							-- &lt;origin_date&gt; is 1996 for archive.org
		end
	end

	if (not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/')) and (not url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/')) then		-- also deprecated liveweb Wayback machine URL
		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end

	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command URL, we don't want to allow saving of the target page 
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.save;
		url = url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org)/save/', '%1/*/', 1);				-- for preview mode: modify ArchiveURL
	elseif url:match('//liveweb%.archive%.org/') then
		err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.liveweb;
	else
		path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/([^%d]*)(%d+)([^/]*)/');	-- split out some of the URL parts for evaluation
		if not path then														-- malformed in some way; pattern did not match
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
		elseif 14 ~= timestamp:len() then										-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			if '*' ~= flag then
				local replacement = timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d%d%d') or timestamp:match ('^%d%d%d%d');	-- get the first 6 (YYYYMM) or first 4 digits (YYYY)
				if replacement then												-- nil if there aren't at least 4 digits (year)
					replacement = replacement .. string.rep ('0', 14 - replacement:len());	-- year or yearmo (4 or 6 digits) zero-fill to make 14-digit timestamp
					url=url:gsub ('(//web%.archive%.org/[^%d]*)%d[^/]*', '%1' .. replacement .. '*', 1)	-- for preview, modify ts to 14 digits plus splat for calendar display
				end
			end
		elseif not is_ts_date_valid (timestamp, 1996) then						-- is ymd portion of timestamp a valid date?
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.timestamp;
			timestamp = nil;													-- unset because invalid
		elseif utilities.is_set (path) and 'web/' ~= path then					-- older archive URLs do not have the extra 'web/' path element
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.path;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not utilities.is_set (path) then		-- flag not allowed with the old form URL (without the 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		elseif utilities.is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then		-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element)
			err_msg = cfg.err_msg_supl.flag;
		else
			return url, date, timestamp;										-- return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
		end
	end
																				-- if here, something not right so
	utilities.set_message ('err_archive_url', {err_msg});						-- add error message and

	if is_preview_mode then
		return url, date, timestamp;											-- preview mode so return ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, and timestamp from |archive-url=
	else
		return '', '';															-- return empty strings for ArchiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P L A C E _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

check |place=, |publication-place=, |location= to see if these params include digits.  This function added because
many editors misuse location to specify the in-source location (|page(s)= and |at= are supposed to do that)

returns the original parameter value without modification; added maint cat when parameter value contains digits

]]

local function place_check (param_val)
	if not utilities.is_set (param_val) then									-- parameter empty or omitted
		return param_val;														-- return that empty state
	end
	
	if mw.ustring.find (param_val, '%d') then									-- not empty, are there digits in the parameter value
		utilities.set_message ('maint_location');								-- yep, add maint cat
	end
	
	return param_val;															-- and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ A R C H I V E D _ C O P Y &gt;----------------------------------------------

compares |title= to 'Archived copy' (placeholder added by bots that can't find proper title); if matches, return true; nil else

]]

local function is_archived_copy (title)
	title = mw.ustring.lower(title);											-- switch title to lower case
	if title:find (cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy.en) then			-- if title is 'Archived copy'
		return true;
	elseif cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local'] then
		if mw.ustring.find (title, cfg.special_case_translation.archived_copy['local']) then	-- mw.ustring() because might not be Latin script
			return true;
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; D I S P L A Y _ N A M E S _ S E L E C T &gt;--------------------------------------

for any of the |display-authors=, |display-editors=, etc parameters, select either the local or global setting.
When both are present, look at &lt;local_display_names&gt; value.  When the value is some sort of 'et al.'string,
special handling is required.

When {{cs1 config}} has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= AND this template has |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal AND:
	the number of names specified by &lt;number_of_names&gt; is:
		greater than the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter (&lt;global_display_names&gt;)
			use global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value
			set overridden maint category
		less than or equal to the number specified in the global |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=  parameter
			use local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;= parameter value

The purpose of this function is to prevent categorizing a template that has fewer names than the global setting
to keep the etal annotation specified by &lt;local_display_names&gt;.

]]

local function display_names_select (global_display_names, local_display_names, param_name, number_of_names, test)
	if global_display_names and utilities.is_set (local_display_names) then		-- when both
		if 'etal' == local_display_names:lower():gsub(&quot;[ '%.]&quot;, '') then		-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			number_of_names = tonumber (number_of_names);						-- convert these to numbers for comparison
			local global_display_names_num = tonumber (global_display_names);	-- &lt;global_display_names&gt; not set when parameter value is not digits

			if number_of_names &gt; global_display_names_num then					-- template has more names than global config allows to be displayed?
				utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');				-- set a maint message because global is overriding local |display-&lt;namelist&gt;=etal
				return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';						-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
			else
				return local_display_names, param_name;							-- return local because fewer names so let &lt;local_display_names&gt; control
			end
		end
																				-- here when &lt;global_display_names&gt; and &lt;local_display_names&gt; both numbers; &lt;global_display_names&gt; controls
		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	end
																				-- here when only one of &lt;global_display_names&gt; or &lt;local_display_names&gt; set
	if global_display_names then
		return global_display_names, 'cs1 config';								-- return global with spoof parameter name (for get_display_names())
	else
		return local_display_names, param_name;									-- return local
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M O D E _ S E T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

fetch global mode setting from {{cs1 config}} (if present) or from |mode= (if present); global setting overrides
local |mode= parameter value.  When both are present, emit maintenance message

]]

local function mode_set (Mode, Mode_origin)
	local mode;
	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] then										-- global setting in {{cs1 config}}; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'], 'cs1 config: mode', cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
	else
		mode = is_valid_parameter_value (Mode, Mode_origin, cfg.keywords_lists['mode'], '');
	end

	if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['Mode'] and utilities.is_set (Mode) then			-- when template has |mode=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
		utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');						-- set a maint message
	end
	return mode;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; Q U O T E _ M A K E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

create quotation from |quote=, |trans-quote=, and/or script-quote= with or without |quote-page= or |quote-pages=

when any of those three quote parameters are set, this function unsets &lt;PostScript&gt;.  When none of those parameters
are set, |quote-page= and |quote-pages= are unset to nil so that they are not included in the template's metadata

]]

local function quote_make (quote, trans_quote, script_quote, quote_page, quote_pages, nopp, sepc, postscript)
	if utilities.is_set (quote) or utilities.is_set (trans_quote) or utilities.is_set (script_quote) then

		if utilities.is_set (quote) then
			if quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then			-- if first and last characters of quote are quote marks
				quote = quote:sub(2, -2);										-- strip them off
			end
		end
		
		quote = kern_quotes (quote);											-- kern if needed
		quote = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-text', quote );					-- wrap in &lt;q&gt;...&lt;/q&gt; tags
	
		if utilities.is_set (script_quote) then
			quote = script_concatenate (quote, script_quote, 'script-quote');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after quote is wrapped
		end

		if utilities.is_set (trans_quote) then
			if trans_quote:sub(1, 1) == '&quot;' and trans_quote:sub(-1, -1) == '&quot;' then -- if first and last characters of |trans-quote are quote marks
				trans_quote = trans_quote:sub(2, -2); -- strip them off
			end
			quote = quote .. &quot; &quot; .. utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', trans_quote );
		end

		if utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then	-- add page prefix
			local quote_prefix = '';
			if utilities.is_set (quote_page) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_page, 'quote-page');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-page= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if not nopp then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_page}), '', '', '';
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_page}), '', '', '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then
				extra_text_in_page_check (quote_pages, 'quote-pages');			-- add to maint cat if |quote-pages= value begins with what looks like p., pp., etc.
				if tonumber(quote_pages) ~= nil and not nopp then				-- if only digits, assume single page
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['p-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}), '', '';
				elseif not nopp then
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['pp-prefix'], {sepc, quote_pages}), '', '';
				else
					quote_prefix = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['nopp'], {sepc, quote_pages}), '', '';
				end
			end
                        
			quote = quote_prefix .. &quot;: &quot; .. quote;
		else
			quote = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. quote;
		end

		postscript = &quot;&quot;;														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
	
	elseif utilities.is_set (quote_page) or utilities.is_set (quote_pages) then
		quote_page = nil;														-- unset; these require |quote=; TODO: error message?
		quote_pages = nil;
	end

	return quote, quote_page, quote_pages, postscript;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C H E C K _ P U B L I S H E R _ N A M E &gt;--------------------------------------

look for variations of '&lt;text&gt;: &lt;text&gt;' that might be '&lt;location&gt;: &lt;publisher&gt;' in |publisher= parameter value.
when found, emit a maintenance message; return nil else

&lt;publisher&gt; is the value assigned to |publisher= or |institution=

]]

local function check_publisher_name (publisher)
	local patterns_t = {
		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',												-- plain text &lt;location&gt;: &lt;publisher&gt;
		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*[%w%s]+$',										-- partially wikilinked [[&lt;location&gt;]]: &lt;publisher&gt;
		'^[%w%s]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',										-- partially wikilinked &lt;location&gt;: [[&lt;publisher&gt;]]
		'^%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+%s*:%s*%[+[%w%s:|]+%]+$',								-- wikilinked [[&lt;location&gt;]]: [[&lt;publisher&gt;]]
		}
	
	for _, pattern in ipairs (patterns_t) do									-- spin through the patterns_t sequence
		if mw.ustring.match (publisher, pattern) then							-- does this pattern match?
			utilities.set_message ('maint_publisher_location');					-- set a maint message
			return;																-- and done
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ P A G E _ A R T _ N U M &gt;------------------------------------------------

compare the trailing (rightmost) characters of the |doi= value against the whole value assigned to |page(s)=.

return boolean true when:
	|page(s)= has exactly 8 digits and a dot between the fourth and fifth digits matches the trailing 9 characters
		of the |doi= value: |page=12345678 → |page=1234.5678 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy1234.5678
	|page(s)= is 5 or more characters and matches |doi= values's trailing characters
	|page(s)= begins with a lowercase 'e' and |page(s)= without the 'e' matches |doi= values's trailing
		characters: |page=e12345 → |page=12345 matches |doi=10.xxxx/yyyy12345
	|page(s)= begins with a uppercase 'CD' followed by (typically) six digits matches |doi= values that ends with
		'CDxxxxxx.pubx' (where 'x' is any single digit)

return nil when |page(s)= values:
	are ranges separated by underscore, hyphen, emdash, endash, figure dash, or minus character
	are comma- or semicolon-separated lists of pages
	have external urls (has text 'http')
	are digit-only values less than 10000
	do not match |doi= values's trailing characters

]]

local function is_page_art_num (page, doi)
	if not (utilities.is_set (page) and utilities.is_set (doi)) then			-- both required
		return;																	-- abandon; nothing to do
	end

	if page:match ('[,;_−–—‒%-]') then											-- when |page(s)= might be a page range or a separated list of pages
		return;																	-- abandon
	end

	page = page:lower();														-- because doi names are case insensitive
	doi = doi:lower();															-- force these to lowercase for testing
	
	if page:match ('http') then													-- when |page(s)= appears to hold a url
		return;																	-- abandon
	end

	if tonumber (page) then														-- is |page(s)= digits only
		if 10000 &gt; tonumber (page) then											-- when |page(s)= less than 10000
			return;																-- abandon
		end
	
		if doi:match (page .. '$') then											-- digits only page number match the last digits in |doi=?
			return true;
		end

		if 8 == page:len() then													-- special case when |page(s)= is exactly 8 digits
			local dot_page = page:gsub ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d%d%d)', '%1.%2');		-- make a |page=xxxx.yyyy version commonly used in |doi=
			if doi:match (dot_page .. '$') then									-- 8-digit dotted page number match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
		end
	
	else																		-- here when |page(s)= is alpha-numeric
		if 4 &lt; page:len() then													-- when |page(s)= is five or more characters
			if doi:match (page .. '$') then										-- alpha-numeric page match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
			
			local epage = page:match ('^e([%w]+)$');							-- if first character of |page= is 'e', remove it
			if epage and doi:match (epage .. '$') then							-- page number match the last characters in |doi=?
				return true;
			end
	
			local cdpage = page:match ('^cd%d+$');								-- if first characters of |page= are 'CD' and last characters are digits (typically 6 digits)
			if cdpage and doi:match (cdpage .. '%.pub%d$') then					-- page number matches doi 'CDxxxxxx.pubx' where 'x' is a digit
				return true;
			end
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N 0 &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.

]]

local function citation0( config, args )
	--[[ 
	Load Input Parameters
	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable.
	]]
	local A = argument_wrapper ( args );
	local i 

	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	

	local author_etal;
	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors=
	local Authors;
	local NameListStyle;
		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] then						-- global setting in {{cs1 config}} overrides local |name-list-style= parameter value; nil when empty or assigned value invalid
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'], 'cs1 config: name-list-style', cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');	-- error messaging 'param' here is a hoax
		else
			NameListStyle = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NameListStyle'], A:ORIGIN('NameListStyle'), cfg.keywords_lists['name-list-style'], '');
		end

		if cfg.global_cs1_config_t['NameListStyle'] and utilities.is_set (A['NameListStyle']) then	-- when template has |name-list-style=&lt;something&gt; which global setting has overridden
			utilities.set_message ('maint_overridden_setting');					-- set a maint message
		end

	local Collaboration = A['Collaboration'];

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Vauthors'], A['Authors'], args, 'AuthorList');
		if 1 == selected then
			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, A['Vauthors'], 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 3 == selected then
			Authors = A['Authors'];												-- use content of |people= or |credits=; |authors= is deprecated; TODO: constrain |people= and |credits= to cite av media, episode, serial?
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required
		end
	end

	local editor_etal;
	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=

	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A['Veditors'], nil, args, 'EditorList');	-- support for |editors= withdrawn
		if 1 == selected then
			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListStyle = 'vanc';												-- override whatever |name-list-style= might be
			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		end
	end
							
	local Chapter = A['Chapter'];												-- done here so that we have access to |contribution= from |chapter= and |script-chapter= aliases
	local Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter');
	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');

	local Contribution;															-- because contribution is required for contributor(s)
	if 'contribution' == Chapter_origin then									-- is there a |contribution= parameter?
		Contribution = Chapter;													-- get the name of the contribution
	elseif 'script-contribution' == ScriptChapter_origin then					-- no, so is there a |script-contribution= parameter?
		Contribution = ScriptChapter;											-- get the name of the contribution
	end
	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (A['Periodical']) then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites
		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
		
		if 0 &lt; #c then
			if not utilities.is_set (Contribution) then							-- |contributor= requires |contribution=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'contribution');	-- add missing contribution error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
			if 0 == #a then														-- |contributor= requires |author=
				utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_missing_required_param', 'author');	-- add missing author error message
				c = {};															-- blank the contributors' table; it is used as a flag later
			end
		end
	else																		-- if not a book cite
		if utilities.select_one (args, cfg.aliases['ContributorList-Last'], 'err_redundant_parameters', 1 ) then	-- are there contributor name list parameters?
			utilities.set_message ('err_contributor_ignored');					-- add contributor ignored error message
		end
		Contribution = nil;														-- unset
	end

	local Title = A['Title'];
	local TitleLink = A['TitleLink'];

	local auto_select = '';														-- default is auto
	local accept_link;
	TitleLink, accept_link = utilities.has_accept_as_written (TitleLink, true);	-- test for accept-this-as-written markup
	if (not accept_link) and utilities.in_array (TitleLink, {'none', 'pmc', 'doi'}) then -- check for special keywords
		auto_select = TitleLink;												-- remember selection for later
		TitleLink = '';															-- treat as if |title-link= would have been empty
	end

	TitleLink = link_title_ok (TitleLink, A:ORIGIN ('TitleLink'), Title, 'title');	-- check for wiki-markup in |title-link= or wiki-markup in |title= when |title-link= is set

	local Section = '';															-- {{cite map}} only; preset to empty string for concatenation if not used
	if 'map' == config.CitationClass and 'section' == Chapter_origin then
		Section = A['Chapter'];													-- get |section= from |chapter= alias list; |chapter= and the other aliases not supported in {{cite map}}
		Chapter = '';															-- unset for now; will be reset later from |map= if present
	end

	local Periodical = A['Periodical'];
	local Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('Periodical');
	local ScriptPeriodical = A['ScriptPeriodical'];
	local ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptPeriodical');
	local TransPeriodical =  A['TransPeriodical'];
	local TransPeriodical_origin =  A:ORIGIN ('TransPeriodical');
	
	if (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical))) then
		local param;
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these periodical related meta-parameters
			Periodical = '';													-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = Periodical_origin											-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical) then
			TransPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = TransPeriodical_origin;										-- get parameter name for error messaging
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			ScriptPeriodical = '';												-- unset because not valid {{cite book}} or {{cite encyclopedia}} parameters 
			param = ScriptPeriodical_origin;									-- get parameter name for error messaging
		end

		if utilities.is_set (param) then										-- if we found one
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {param});			-- emit an error message
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
		local i;
		Periodical, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical);			-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated 
		if i then																-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {Periodical_origin});
		end
	end

	if 'mailinglist' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for {{cite mailing list}}
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (A ['MailingList']) then	-- both set emit an error TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Periodical_origin) .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'mailinglist')});
		end

		Periodical = A ['MailingList'];											-- error or no, set Periodical to |mailinglist= value because this template is {{cite mailing list}}
		Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN('MailingList');
	end

	-- web and news not tested for now because of 
	-- Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard#Is_there_a_semi-automated_tool_that_could_fix_these_annoying_&quot;Cite_Web&quot;_errors?
	if not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) then	-- 'periodical' templates require periodical parameter
	--	local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine', ['news'] = 'newspaper', ['web'] = 'website'};	-- for error message
		local p = {['journal'] = 'journal', ['magazine'] = 'magazine'};			-- for error message
		if p[config.CitationClass]  then
			utilities.set_message ('err_missing_periodical', {config.CitationClass, p[config.CitationClass]});
		end
	end
	
	local Volume;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			if not utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_no_volume_t) then	-- {{citation}} does not render |volume= when these parameters are used
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) then
			if 'script-website' ~= ScriptPeriodical_origin then					-- {{citation}} does not render volume for |script-website=
				Volume = A['Volume'];											-- but does for all other 'periodicals'
			end
		else
			Volume = A['Volume'];												-- and does for non-'periodical' cites
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_volume) then	-- render |volume= for cs1 according to the configuration settings
		Volume = A['Volume'];
	end	
	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Volume, A:ORIGIN ('Volume'), 'v');

	local Issue;
	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, cfg.citation_issue_t) then	-- {{citation}} may render |issue= when these parameters are used
			Issue =  A['Issue'];
		end
	elseif utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_using_issue) then	-- conference &amp; map books do not support issue; {{citation}} listed here because included in settings table
		if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'conference', 'map', 'citation'}) and not (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical))) then
			Issue =  A['Issue'];
		end
	end
	
	local ArticleNumber;

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'conference'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then
		ArticleNumber = A['ArticleNumber'];
	end

	extra_text_in_vol_iss_check (Issue, A:ORIGIN ('Issue'), 'i');
	Issue = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (Issue);

	local Page;
	local Pages;
	local At;
	local QuotePage;
	local QuotePages;
	if not utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, cfg.templates_not_using_page) then		-- TODO: rewrite to emit ignored parameter error message?
		Page = A['Page'];
		Pages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['Pages']);	
		At = A['At'];
		QuotePage = A['QuotePage'];
		QuotePages = utilities.hyphen_to_dash (A['QuotePages']);
	end

	local NoPP = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoPP'], A:ORIGIN('NoPP'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	local Mode = mode_set (A['Mode'], A:ORIGIN('Mode'));

	-- separator character and postscript
	local sepc, PostScript = set_style (Mode:lower(), A['PostScript'], config.CitationClass);
	local Quote;
	Quote, QuotePage, QuotePages, PostScript = quote_make (A['Quote'], A['TransQuote'], A['ScriptQuote'], QuotePage, QuotePages, NoPP, sepc, PostScript);

	local Edition = A['Edition'];
	local PublicationPlace = place_check (A['PublicationPlace'], A:ORIGIN('PublicationPlace'));
	local Place = place_check (A['Place'], A:ORIGIN('Place'));
	
	local PublisherName = A['PublisherName'];
	local PublisherName_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublisherName');
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then
		local i = 0;
		PublisherName, i = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (PublisherName);	-- strip apostrophe markup so that metadata isn't contaminated; publisher is never italicized
		if i and (0 &lt; i) then													-- non-zero when markup was stripped so emit an error message
			utilities.set_message ('err_apostrophe_markup', {PublisherName_origin});
		end
	end
	
	if ('document' == config.CitationClass) and not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_publisher', {config.CitationClass, 'publisher'});
	end

	local Newsgroup = A['Newsgroup'];											-- TODO: strip apostrophe markup?
	local Newsgroup_origin = A:ORIGIN('Newsgroup');	

	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) and (cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] ~= PublisherName) then	-- general use parameter |publisher= not allowed in cite newsgroup
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {PublisherName_origin});
		end

		PublisherName = nil;													-- ensure that this parameter is unset for the time being; will be used again after COinS
	end

	if 'book' == config.CitationClass or 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then
		local accept;
		PublisherName, accept = utilities.has_accept_as_written (PublisherName);	-- check for and remove accept-as-written markup from |publisher= wrapped
		if not accept then														-- when no accept-as-written markup
			check_publisher_name (PublisherName);								-- emit maint message when |publisher= might be prefixed with publisher's location
		end
	end

	local URL = A['URL'];														-- TODO: better way to do this for URL, ChapterURL, and MapURL?
	local UrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('UrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	
	if not utilities.is_set (URL) and utilities.is_set (UrlAccess) then
		UrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', 'url');
	end
	
	local ChapterURL = A['ChapterURL'];
	local ChapterUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['ChapterUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (ChapterUrlAccess) then
		ChapterUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {A:ORIGIN('ChapterUrlAccess'):gsub ('%-access', '')});
	end

	local MapUrlAccess = is_valid_parameter_value (A['MapUrlAccess'], A:ORIGIN('MapUrlAccess'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-access'], nil);
	if not utilities.is_set (A['MapURL']) and utilities.is_set (MapUrlAccess) then
		MapUrlAccess = nil;
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_access_requires_param', {'map-url'});
	end

	local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();								-- also used for COinS and for language
	local no_tracking_cats = is_valid_parameter_value (A['NoTracking'], A:ORIGIN('NoTracking'), cfg.keywords_lists['yes_true_y'], nil);

	-- check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories
	if not utilities.is_set (no_tracking_cats) then								-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
		if cfg.uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.namespace] then				-- is this page's namespace id one of the uncategorized namespace ids?
			no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;											-- set no_tracking_cats
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns
			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
				no_tracking_cats = &quot;true&quot;;										-- set no_tracking_cats
				break;															-- bail out if one is found
			end
		end
	end
																				-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it)
	utilities.select_one (args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'err_redundant_parameters');	-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category

	local coins_pages;
	
	Page, Pages, At, coins_pages = insource_loc_get (Page, A:ORIGIN('Page'), Pages, A:ORIGIN('Pages'), At);

	if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
		utilities.add_prop_cat ('location-test');								-- add property cat to evaluate how often PublicationPlace and Place are used together
		if PublicationPlace == Place then
			Place = '';															-- unset; don't need both if they are the same
		end
	elseif not utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) and utilities.is_set (Place) then	-- when only |place= (|location=) is set ...
		PublicationPlace = Place;												-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
	end

	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ''; end							-- don't need both if they are the same

	local URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('URL');											-- get name of parameter that holds URL
	local ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ChapterURL');							-- get name of parameter that holds ChapterURL
--	local ScriptChapter = A['ScriptChapter'];
--	local ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptChapter');
	local Format = A['Format'];
	local ChapterFormat = A['ChapterFormat'];
	local TransChapter = A['TransChapter'];
	local TransChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter');
	local TransTitle = A['TransTitle'];
	local ScriptTitle = A['ScriptTitle'];
	
	--[[
	Parameter remapping for cite encyclopedia:
	When the citation has these parameters:
		|encyclopedia= and |title= then map |title= to |article= and |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
		|encyclopedia= and |article= then map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering

		|trans-title= maps to |trans-chapter= when |title= is re-mapped
		|url= maps to |chapter-url= when |title= is remapped
	
	All other combinations of |encyclopedia=, |title=, and |article= are not modified
	
	]]

	local Encyclopedia = A['Encyclopedia'];										-- used as a flag by this module and by ~/COinS
	local ScriptEncyclopedia = A['ScriptEncyclopedia'];
	local TransEncyclopedia = A['TransEncyclopedia'];

	if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then	-- emit error message when Encyclopedia set but template is other than {{cite encyclopedia}} or {{citation}}
		if 'encyclopaedia' ~= config.CitationClass and 'citation' ~= config.CitationClass then
			if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia')});
			else
				utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia')});
			end
			Encyclopedia = nil;													-- unset these because not supported by this template
			ScriptEncyclopedia = nil;
			TransEncyclopedia = nil;
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (TransEncyclopedia) then
		utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'encyclopedia'});
	end

	if ('encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) then	-- when both parameters set emit an error message; {{citation}} only; Periodical not allowed in {{cite encyclopedia}}
			utilities.set_message ('err_periodical_ignored', {Periodical_origin});
		end

		if utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia) or utilities.is_set (ScriptEncyclopedia) then
			Periodical = Encyclopedia;											-- error or no, set Periodical to Encyclopedia for rendering; {{citation}} could (not legitimately) have both; use Encyclopedia
			Periodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('Encyclopedia');
			ScriptPeriodical = ScriptEncyclopedia;
			ScriptPeriodical_origin = A:ORIGIN ('ScriptEncyclopedia');

			if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then
				if not utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia= and |title= are set so map |title= params to |article= params for rendering
					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
					ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle')
					TransChapter = TransTitle;
					ChapterURL = URL;
					ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
					ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
					ChapterFormat = Format;

					if not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) and utilities.is_set (TitleLink) then
						Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Chapter);
					end
					Title = Periodical;											-- now map |encyclopedia= params to |title= params for rendering
					ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
					TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
					Periodical = '';											-- redundant so unset
					ScriptPeriodical = '';
					URL = '';
					Format = '';
					TitleLink = '';
				end
			elseif utilities.is_set (Chapter) or utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then	-- |title= not set
				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia= set and |article= set so map |encyclopedia= to |title= for rendering
				ScriptTitle = ScriptPeriodical or '';
				TransTitle = TransEncyclopedia or '';
				Periodical = '';												-- redundant so unset
				ScriptPeriodical = '';
			end
		end
	end

	-- special case for cite techreport.
	local ID = A['ID'];
	if (config.CitationClass == &quot;techreport&quot;) then								-- special case for cite techreport
		if utilities.is_set (A['Number']) then									-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue'
			if not utilities.is_set (ID) then									-- can we use ID for the &quot;number&quot;?
				ID = A['Number'];												-- yes, use it
			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')});
			end
		end	
	end

	-- Account for the oddity that is {{cite conference}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local ChapterLink -- = A['ChapterLink'];									-- deprecated as a parameter but still used internally by cite episode
	local Conference = A['Conference'];
	local BookTitle = A['BookTitle'];
	local TransTitle_origin = A:ORIGIN ('TransTitle');
	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then
		if utilities.is_set (BookTitle) then
			Chapter = Title;
			Chapter_origin = 'title';
	--		ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapter-link= is deprecated
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			URL_origin = '';
			ChapterFormat = Format;
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			TransChapter_origin = TransTitle_origin;
			Title = BookTitle;
			Format = '';
	--		TitleLink = '';
			TransTitle = '';
			URL = '';
		end
	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then
		Conference = '';														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string
	end
	
	local cs2_lower = function (text)											-- if mode is cs2, use lower case
		if (sepc ~= '.') then
			return text:lower();
		end
		
		return text;
	end
	local use_lowercase = ( sepc == ',' );										-- controls capitalization of certain static text
	
	-- cite map oddities
	local Cartography = &quot;&quot;;
	local Scale = &quot;&quot;;
	local Sheet = A['Sheet'] or '';
	local Sheets = A['Sheets'] or '';
	if config.CitationClass == &quot;map&quot; then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
			utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'map') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', Chapter_origin)});	-- add error message
		end
		Chapter = A['Map'];
		Chapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('Map');
		ChapterURL = A['MapURL'];
		ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL');
		TransChapter = A['TransMap'];
		ScriptChapter = A['ScriptMap']
		ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptMap')

		ChapterUrlAccess = MapUrlAccess;
		ChapterFormat = A['MapFormat'];

		Cartography = A['Cartography'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Cartography ) then
			Cartography = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase);
		end		
		Scale = A['Scale'];
		if utilities.is_set ( Scale ) then
			Scale = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Scale;
		end
	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite episode}} and {{cite serial}}, before generation of COinS data.
	local Series = A['Series'];
	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then
		local SeriesLink = A['SeriesLink'];

		SeriesLink = link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wiki-markup in |series-link= or wiki-markup in |series= when |series-link= is set

		local Network = A['Network'];
		local Station = A['Station'];
		local s, n = {}, {};
																				-- do common parameters first
		if utilities.is_set (Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
		if utilities.is_set (Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' ');
		
		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly {{cite episode}}
			local Season = A['Season'];
			local SeriesNumber = A['SeriesNumber'];

			if utilities.is_set (Season) and utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then	-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')});		-- add error message
				SeriesNumber = '';												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno=
			end
																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series
			if utilities.is_set (Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('seriesnum', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end
			if utilities.is_set (Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter
	
			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter
			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
			ScriptChapter_origin = A:ORIGIN('ScriptTitle');
			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias |episode-link=
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterUrlAccess = UrlAccess;
			ChapterURL_origin = URL_origin;
			ChapterFormat = Format;

			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title
			TitleLink = SeriesLink;
			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number

			if utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- link but not URL
				Chapter = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Chapter);
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterLink) and utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then	-- if both are set, URL links episode;
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (ChapterLink, Series);
			end
			URL = '';															-- unset
			TransTitle = '';
			ScriptTitle = '';
			Format = '';
			
		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial
			Issue = '';															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial
			Chapter = A['Episode'];												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday?
			if utilities.is_set (Series) and utilities.is_set (SeriesLink) then
				Series = utilities.make_wikilink (SeriesLink, Series);
			end
			Series = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);				-- series is italicized
		end	
	end
	-- end of {{cite episode}} stuff

	-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
	local TitleType = A['TitleType'];
	local Degree = A['Degree'];
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'AV-media-notes', 'document', 'interview', 'mailinglist', 'map', 'podcast', 'pressrelease', 'report', 'speech', 'techreport', 'thesis'}) then
		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
		if utilities.is_set (Degree) and &quot;Thesis&quot; == TitleType then				-- special case for cite thesis
			TitleType = Degree .. ' ' .. cfg.title_types ['thesis']:lower();
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TitleType) then										-- if type parameter is specified
		TitleType = utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['type'], TitleType);	-- display it in parentheses
	-- TODO: Hack on TitleType to fix bunched parentheses problem
	end

	-- legacy: promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
	local Date = A['Date'];
 	local Date_origin;															-- to hold the name of parameter promoted to Date; required for date error messaging
	local PublicationDate = A['PublicationDate'];
	local Year = A['Year'];

	if utilities.is_set (Year) then
		validation.year_check (Year);											-- returns nothing; emits maint message when |year= doesn't hold a 'year' value
	end
		
	if not utilities.is_set (Date) then
		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date
		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
		if not utilities.is_set (Date) and utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
			Date = PublicationDate;												-- promote PublicationDate to Date
			PublicationDate = '';												-- unset, no longer needed
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('PublicationDate');							-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		else
			Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Year');										-- save the name of the promoted parameter
		end
	else
		Date_origin = A:ORIGIN('Date');											-- not a promotion; name required for error messaging
	end

	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ''; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation

	--[[
	Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
	we get the date used in the metadata.
	
	Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
	]]

	local DF = is_valid_parameter_value (A['DF'], A:ORIGIN('DF'), cfg.keywords_lists['df'], '');
	if not utilities.is_set (DF) then
		DF = cfg.global_df;														-- local |df= if present overrides global df set by {{use xxx date}} template
	end

	local ArchiveURL;
	local ArchiveDate;
	local ArchiveFormat = A['ArchiveFormat'];
	local archive_url_timestamp;												-- timestamp from wayback machine url
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp = archive_url_check (A['ArchiveURL'], A['ArchiveDate'])
	ArchiveFormat = style_format (ArchiveFormat, ArchiveURL, 'archive-format', 'archive-url');
	
	ArchiveURL, ArchiveDate = is_unique_archive_url (ArchiveURL, URL, ChapterURL, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), ArchiveDate);		-- add error message when URL or ChapterURL == ArchiveURL

	local AccessDate = A['AccessDate'];
	local COinS_date = {};														-- holds date info extracted from |date= for the COinS metadata by Module:Date verification
	local DoiBroken = A['DoiBroken'];
	local Embargo = A['Embargo'];
	local anchor_year;															-- used in the CITEREF identifier
	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch
		local error_message = '';
																				-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it
		local date_parameters_list = {
			['access-date'] = {val = AccessDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('AccessDate')},
			['archive-date'] = {val = ArchiveDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('ArchiveDate')},
			['date'] = {val = Date, name = Date_origin},
			['doi-broken-date'] = {val = DoiBroken, name = A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
			['pmc-embargo-date'] = {val = Embargo, name = A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
			['publication-date'] = {val = PublicationDate, name = A:ORIGIN ('PublicationDate')},
			['year'] = {val = Year, name = A:ORIGIN ('Year')},
			};

		local error_list = {};
		anchor_year, Embargo = validation.dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date, error_list);

		if utilities.is_set (Year) and utilities.is_set (Date) then				-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; 
			validation.year_date_check (Year, A:ORIGIN ('Year'), Date, A:ORIGIN ('Date'), error_list);
		end

		if 0 == #error_list then												-- error free dates only; 0 when error_list is empty
			local modified = false;												-- flag
			
			if utilities.is_set (DF) then										-- if we need to reformat dates
				modified = validation.reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF);	-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate
			end

			if true == validation.date_hyphen_to_dash (date_parameters_list) then	-- convert hyphens to dashes where appropriate
				modified = true;
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_format');					-- hyphens were converted so add maint category
			end
			
	-- for those wikis that can and want to have English date names translated to the local language; not supported at en.wiki
			if cfg.date_name_auto_xlate_enable and validation.date_name_xlate (date_parameters_list, cfg.date_digit_auto_xlate_enable ) then
				utilities.set_message ('maint_date_auto_xlated');				-- add maint cat
				modified = true;
			end

			if modified then													-- if the date_parameters_list values were modified
				AccessDate = date_parameters_list['access-date'].val;			-- overwrite date holding parameters with modified values
				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list['archive-date'].val;
				Date = date_parameters_list['date'].val;
				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list['doi-broken-date'].val;
				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list['publication-date'].val;
			end

			if archive_url_timestamp and utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				validation.archive_date_check (ArchiveDate, archive_url_timestamp, DF);	-- does YYYYMMDD in archive_url_timestamp match date in ArchiveDate
			end
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_bad_date', {utilities.make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});	-- add this error message
		end
	end	-- end of do

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'book', 'encyclopaedia'}) or	-- {{cite book}}, {{cite encyclopedia}}; TODO: {{cite conference}} and others?
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or			-- {{citation}} as an encylopedia citation
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and not utilities.is_set (Periodical)) then		-- {{citation}} as a book citation
			if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
				if not utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
					local date = COinS_date.rftdate and tonumber (COinS_date.rftdate:match ('%d%d%d%d'));	-- get year portion of COinS date (because in Arabic numerals); convert string to number
					if date and (1850 &lt;= date) then								-- location has no publisher; if date is 1850 or later
						utilities.set_message ('maint_location_no_publisher');	-- add maint cat
					end
				else															-- PublisherName has a value
					if cfg.keywords_xlate['none'] == PublisherName then			-- if that value is 'none' (only for book and encyclopedia citations)
						PublisherName = '';										-- unset
					end
				end
			end
	end

	local ID_list = {};															-- sequence table of rendered identifiers
	local ID_list_coins = {};													-- table of identifiers and their values from args; key is same as cfg.id_handlers's key
	local Class = A['Class'];													-- arxiv class identifier
	
	local ID_support = {
		{A['ASINTLD'], 'ASIN', 'err_asintld_missing_asin', A:ORIGIN ('ASINTLD')},				
		{DoiBroken, 'DOI', 'err_doibroken_missing_doi', A:ORIGIN ('DoiBroken')},
		{Embargo, 'PMC', 'err_embargo_missing_pmc', A:ORIGIN ('Embargo')},
		}

	ID_list, ID_list_coins = identifiers.identifier_lists_get (args, {
		DoiBroken = DoiBroken,													-- for |doi=
		ASINTLD = A['ASINTLD'],													-- for |asin=
		Embargo = Embargo,														-- for |pmc=
		Class = Class,															-- for |arxiv=
		CitationClass = config.CitationClass,									-- for |arxiv=
		Year=anchor_year,														-- for |isbn=
		}, ID_support);

	if 'citation' == config.CitationClass then									-- catch ve/citoid malformed book cites in {{citation}} templates
		for _, id in ipairs (ID_list) do										-- search through the ID_list sequence looking for an ISBN identifier string
			if id:find ('ISBN', 3, true) then									-- plain find, start at index 3 ([[ISBN)
				if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then							-- when a |work= alias is set
					utilities.set_message ('maint_work_isbn');					-- add maint cat
				end
			end
		end
	end

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, {{cite ssrn}}, before generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv; |biorxiv=, |citeseerx=, |medrxiv=, |ssrn= required for their templates
		if not (args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[1]] or 		-- can't use ID_list_coins k/v table here because invalid parameters omitted
			args[cfg.id_handlers[config.CitationClass:upper()].parameters[2]]) then			-- which causes unexpected parameter missing error message
				utilities.set_message ('err_' .. config.CitationClass .. '_missing');		-- add error message
		end

		Periodical = ({['arxiv'] = 'arXiv', ['biorxiv'] = 'bioRxiv', ['citeseerx'] = 'CiteSeerX', ['medrxiv'] = 'medRxiv', ['ssrn'] = 'Social Science Research Network'})[config.CitationClass];
	end

	-- Link the title of the work if no |url= was provided, but we have a |pmc= or a |doi= with |doi-access=free

	if config.CitationClass == &quot;journal&quot; and not utilities.is_set (URL) and not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) then -- TODO: remove 'none' once existing citations have been switched to 'off', so 'none' can be used as token for &quot;no title&quot; instead
		if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[auto_select] then						-- if auto-linking not disabled
 	 		if identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select] then						-- manual selection
		 		URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls[auto_select];					-- set URL to be the same as identifier's external link
 				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers[auto_select:upper()].parameters[1];	-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'] then						-- auto-select PMC
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['pmc'];						-- set URL to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['PMC'].parameters[1];				-- set URL_origin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
			elseif identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'] then						-- auto-select DOI
				URL = identifiers.auto_link_urls['doi'];
				URL_origin = cfg.id_handlers['DOI'].parameters[1];
			end
 	 	end

		if utilities.is_set (URL) then											-- set when using an identifier-created URL
			if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then								-- |access-date= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');			-- add an error message
				AccessDate = '';												-- unset
			end

			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then								-- |archive-url= requires |url=; identifier-created URL is not |url=
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');				-- add an error message
				ArchiveURL = '';												-- unset
			end
		end
	end

	-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
	-- Test if citation has no title
	if	not utilities.is_set (Title) and not utilities.is_set (TransTitle) and not utilities.is_set (ScriptTitle) then	-- has special case for cite episode
		utilities.set_message ('err_citation_missing_title', {'episode' == config.CitationClass and 'series' or 'title'});
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cfg.keywords_xlate[Title], {'off', 'none'}) and
			utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and
			(utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and
			('journal' == Periodical_origin or 'script-journal' == ScriptPeriodical_origin) then	-- special case for journal cites
				Title = '';														-- set title to empty string
				utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');						-- add maint cat
	end

	if 'journal' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == Periodical_origin) then
		if is_page_art_num (((utilities.is_set (Page) and Page) or (utilities.is_set (Pages) and Pages)) or nil, ID_list_coins['DOI']) then			-- does |page(s)= look like it holds an article number
			utilities.set_message ('maint_page_art_num');						-- add maint cat
		end
	end

	-- COinS metadata (see &lt;http://ocoins.info/&gt;) for automated parsing of citation information.
	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and {{citation |encyclopedia=something}}. Here we presume that
	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title
	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap 
	
	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required
	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu
	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and utilities.is_set (Title) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then
			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap
			coins_title = Periodical;
		end
	end
	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au 
	if 0 &lt; #c then																-- but if contributor list
		coins_author = c;														-- use that instead
	end
	
	-- this is the function call to COinS()
	local OCinSoutput = metadata.COinS({
		['Periodical'] = utilities.strip_apostrophe_markup (Periodical),		-- no markup in the metadata
		['Encyclopedia'] = Encyclopedia,										-- just a flag; content ignored by ~/COinS
		['Chapter'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_chapter, ScriptChapter),	-- Chapter and ScriptChapter stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['Degree'] = Degree;													-- cite thesis only
		['Title'] = metadata.make_coins_title (coins_title, ScriptTitle),		-- Title and ScriptTitle stripped of bold / italic / accept-as-written markup
		['PublicationPlace'] = PublicationPlace,
		['Date'] = COinS_date.rftdate,											-- COinS_date.* has correctly formatted date values if Date is valid;
		['Season'] = COinS_date.rftssn,
		['Quarter'] = COinS_date.rftquarter,
		['Chron'] =  COinS_date.rftchron,
		['Series'] = Series,
		['Volume'] = Volume,
		['Issue'] = Issue,
		['ArticleNumber'] = ArticleNumber,
		['Pages'] = coins_pages or metadata.get_coins_pages (first_set ({Sheet, Sheets, Page, Pages, At, QuotePage, QuotePages}, 7)),	-- pages stripped of external links
		['Edition'] = Edition,
		['PublisherName'] = PublisherName or Newsgroup,							-- any apostrophe markup already removed from PublisherName
		['URL'] = first_set ({ChapterURL, URL}, 2),
		['Authors'] = coins_author,
		['ID_list'] = ID_list_coins,
		['RawPage'] = this_page.prefixedText,
	}, config.CitationClass);

	-- Account for the oddities that are {{cite arxiv}}, {{cite biorxiv}}, {{cite citeseerx}}, {{cite medrxiv}}, and {{cite ssrn}} AFTER generation of COinS data.
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- we have set rft.jtitle in COinS to arXiv, bioRxiv, CiteSeerX, medRxiv, or ssrn now unset so it isn't displayed
		Periodical = '';														-- periodical not allowed in these templates; if article has been published, use cite journal
	end

	-- special case for cite newsgroup.  Do this after COinS because we are modifying Publishername to include some static text
	if 'newsgroup' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Newsgroup) then
		PublisherName = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['newsgroup'], external_link( 'news:' .. Newsgroup, Newsgroup, Newsgroup_origin, nil ));
	end

	local Editors;
	local EditorCount;															-- used only for choosing {ed.) or (eds.) annotation at end of editor name-list
	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list
	local contributor_etal;
	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list
	local translator_etal;
	local t = {};																-- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs
	t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');									-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
	local Interviewers;															
	local interviewers_list = {};					
	interviewers_list = extract_names (args, 'InterviewerList');				-- process preferred interviewers parameters
	local interviewer_etal;
	
	-- Now perform various field substitutions.
	-- We also add leading spaces and surrounding markup and punctuation to the
	-- various parts of the citation, but only when they are non-nil.
	do
		local last_first_list;
		local control = { 
			format = NameListStyle,												-- empty string, '&amp;', 'amp', 'and', or 'vanc'
			maximum = nil,														-- as if display-authors or display-editors not set
			mode = Mode
		};

		do																		-- do editor name list first because the now unsupported coauthors used to modify control table
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayEditors'], A['DisplayEditors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayEditors'), #e);
			control.maximum, editor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #e, 'editors', editor_etal, param);

			Editors, EditorCount = list_people (control, e, editor_etal);

			if 1 == EditorCount and (true == editor_etal or 1 &lt; #e) then		-- only one editor displayed but includes etal then 
				EditorCount = 2;												-- spoof to display (eds.) annotation
			end
		end
		do																		-- now do interviewers
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayInterviewers'], A['DisplayInterviewers'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayInterviewers'), #interviewers_list);
			control.maximum, interviewer_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #interviewers_list, 'interviewers', interviewer_etal, param);

			Interviewers = list_people (control, interviewers_list, interviewer_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do translators
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayTranslators'], A['DisplayTranslators'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayTranslators'), #t);
			control.maximum, translator_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #t, 'translators', translator_etal, param);

			Translators = list_people (control, t, translator_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do contributors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayContributors'], A['DisplayContributors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayContributors'), #c);
			control.maximum, contributor_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #c, 'contributors', contributor_etal, param);

			Contributors = list_people (control, c, contributor_etal);
		end
		do																		-- now do authors
			local display_names, param = display_names_select (cfg.global_cs1_config_t['DisplayAuthors'], A['DisplayAuthors'], A:ORIGIN ('DisplayAuthors'), #a, author_etal);
			control.maximum, author_etal = get_display_names (display_names, #a, 'authors', author_etal, param);

			last_first_list = list_people (control, a, author_etal);

			if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
				Authors, author_etal = name_has_etal (Authors, author_etal, false, 'authors');	-- find and remove variations on et al.
				if author_etal then
					Authors = Authors .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['et al'];			-- add et al. to authors parameter
				end
			else
				Authors = last_first_list;										-- either an author name list or an empty string
			end
		end																		-- end of do
	
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) and utilities.is_set (Collaboration) then
			Authors = Authors .. ' (' .. Collaboration .. ')';					-- add collaboration after et al.
		end

	end

	local ConferenceFormat = A['ConferenceFormat'];
	local ConferenceURL = A['ConferenceURL'];
	ConferenceFormat = style_format (ConferenceFormat, ConferenceURL, 'conference-format', 'conference-url');
	Format = style_format (Format, URL, 'format', 'url');

	-- special case for chapter format so no error message or cat when chapter not supported
	if not (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia))) then
			ChapterFormat = style_format (ChapterFormat, ChapterURL, 'chapter-format', 'chapter-url');
	end

	if not utilities.is_set (URL) then
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;web&quot;, &quot;podcast&quot;, &quot;mailinglist&quot;}) or		-- |url= required for {{cite web}}, {{cite podcast}}, and {{cite mailing list}}
			('citation' == config.CitationClass and ('website' == Periodical_origin or 'script-website' == ScriptPeriodical_origin)) then	-- and required for {{citation}} with |website= or |script-website=
				if not url_was_archive_today then								-- is &lt;URL&gt; empty/missing because it was a deprecated archive.today url
					utilities.set_message ('err_cite_web_url');					-- no; emit an error message for an empty/ missing |url=
				end
		end
		
		-- do we have |accessdate= without either |url= or |chapter-url=?
		if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) and not utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then		-- ChapterURL may be set when URL is not set;
			utilities.set_message ('err_accessdate_missing_url');
			AccessDate = '';
		end
	end

	local UrlStatus = is_valid_parameter_value (A['UrlStatus'], A:ORIGIN('UrlStatus'), cfg.keywords_lists['url-status'], '');
	local OriginalURL
	local OriginalURL_origin
	local OriginalFormat
	local OriginalAccess;
	UrlStatus = UrlStatus:lower();												-- used later when assembling archived text
	if utilities.is_set ( ArchiveURL ) then
		if utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then 									-- if chapter-url= is set apply archive url to it
			OriginalURL = ChapterURL;											-- save copy of source chapter's url for archive text
			OriginalURL_origin = ChapterURL_origin;								-- name of |chapter-url= parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = ChapterFormat;										-- and original |chapter-format=

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then
				ChapterURL = ArchiveURL											-- swap-in the archive's URL
				ChapterURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')						-- name of |archive-url= parameter for error messages
				ChapterFormat = ArchiveFormat or '';							-- swap in archive's format
				ChapterUrlAccess = nil;											-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (URL) then
			OriginalURL = URL;													-- save copy of original source URL
			OriginalURL_origin = URL_origin;									-- name of URL parameter for error messages
			OriginalFormat = Format; 											-- and original |format=
			OriginalAccess = UrlAccess;

			if 'live' ~= UrlStatus then											-- if URL set then |archive-url= applies to it
				URL = ArchiveURL												-- swap-in the archive's URL
				URL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL')								-- name of archive URL parameter for error messages
				Format = ArchiveFormat or '';									-- swap in archive's format
				UrlAccess = nil;												-- restricted access levels do not make sense for archived URLs
			end
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (UrlStatus) then									-- if |url-status= is set when |archive-url= is not set
 		utilities.set_message ('maint_url_status');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or	-- if any of the 'periodical' cites except encyclopedia
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
			local chap_param;
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then									-- get a parameter name from one of these chapter related meta-parameters
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('Chapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (TransChapter) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('TransChapter')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterURL) then
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterURL')
			elseif utilities.is_set (ScriptChapter) then
				chap_param = ScriptChapter_origin;
			else utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat)
				chap_param = A:ORIGIN ('ChapterFormat')
			end

			if utilities.is_set (chap_param) then								-- if we found one
				utilities.set_message ('err_chapter_ignored', {chap_param});	-- add error message
				Chapter = '';													-- and set them to empty string to be safe with concatenation
				TransChapter = '';
				ChapterURL = '';
				ScriptChapter = '';
				ChapterFormat = '';
			end
	else																		-- otherwise, format chapter / article title
		local no_quotes = false;												-- default assume that we will be quoting the chapter parameter value
		if utilities.is_set (Contribution) and 0 &lt; #c then						-- if this is a contribution with contributor(s)
			if utilities.in_array (Contribution:lower(), cfg.keywords_lists.contribution) then	-- and a generic contribution title
				no_quotes = true;												-- then render it unquoted
			end
		end

		Chapter = format_chapter_title (ScriptChapter, ScriptChapter_origin, Chapter, Chapter_origin, TransChapter, TransChapter_origin, ChapterURL, ChapterURL_origin, no_quotes, ChapterUrlAccess);		-- Contribution is also in Chapter
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then
			Chapter = Chapter .. ChapterFormat ;
			if 'map' == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (TitleType) then
				Chapter = Chapter .. ' ' .. TitleType;							-- map annotation here; not after title
			end
			Chapter = Chapter .. sepc .. ' ';
		elseif utilities.is_set (ChapterFormat) then							-- |chapter= not set but |chapter-format= is so ...
			Chapter = ChapterFormat .. sepc .. ' ';								-- ... ChapterFormat has error message, we want to see it
		end
	end

	-- Format main title
	local plain_title = false;
	local accept_title;
	Title, accept_title = utilities.has_accept_as_written (Title, true);		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of &lt;Title&gt;
	if accept_title and ('' == Title) then										-- only support forced empty for now &quot;(())&quot;
		Title = cfg.messages['notitle'];										-- replace by predefined &quot;No title&quot; message
			-- TODO: utilities.set_message ( 'err_redundant_parameters', ...);	-- issue proper error message instead of muting	 
			ScriptTitle = '';													-- just mute for now	 
			TransTitle = '';													-- just mute for now
 		plain_title = true;														-- suppress text decoration for descriptive title
		utilities.set_message ('maint_untitled');								-- add maint cat
	end

	if not accept_title then													-- &lt;Title&gt; not wrapped in accept-as-written markup
		if '...' == Title:sub (-3) then											-- if ellipsis is the last three characters of |title=
			Title = Title:gsub ('(%.%.%.)%.+$', '%1');							-- limit the number of dots to three
		elseif not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%.%s*%a%.$') and					-- end of title is not a 'dot-(optional space-)letter-dot' initialism ...
			not mw.ustring.find (Title, '%s+%a%.$') then						-- ...and not a 'space-letter-dot' initial (''Allium canadense'' L.)
				Title = mw.ustring.gsub(Title, '%' .. sepc .. '$', '');			-- remove any trailing separator character; sepc and ms.ustring() here for languages that use multibyte separator characters
		end

		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) and is_archived_copy (Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('maint_archived_copy');						-- add maintenance category before we modify the content of Title
		end

		if is_generic ('generic_titles', Title) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_generic_title');						-- set an error message
		end
	end

	if (not plain_title) and (utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'web', 'news', 'journal', 'magazine', 'document', 'pressrelease', 'podcast', 'newsgroup', 'mailinglist', 'interview', 'arxiv', 'biorxiv', 'citeseerx', 'medrxiv', 'ssrn'}) or
		('citation' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)) and not utilities.is_set (Encyclopedia)) or
		('map' == config.CitationClass and (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical)))) then		-- special case for cite map when the map is in a periodical treat as an article
			Title = kern_quotes (Title);										-- if necessary, separate title's leading and trailing quote marks from module provided quote marks
			Title = utilities.wrap_style ('quoted-title', Title);
			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');	-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
	elseif plain_title or ('report' == config.CitationClass) then				-- no styling for cite report and descriptive titles (otherwise same as above)
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );	-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title
	else
		Title = utilities.wrap_style ('italic-title', Title);
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle, 'script-title');		-- &lt;bdi&gt; tags, lang attribute, categorization, etc.; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle = utilities.wrap_style ('trans-italic-title', TransTitle);
	end

	if utilities.is_set (TransTitle) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) then
			TransTitle = &quot; &quot; .. TransTitle;
		else
			utilities.set_message ('err_trans_missing_title', {'title'});
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Title) then											-- TODO: is this the right place to be making Wikisource URLs?
		if utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			utilities.set_message ('err_wikilink_in_url');						-- set an error message because we can't have both
			TitleLink = '';														-- unset
		end
	
		if not utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and utilities.is_set (URL) then
			Title = external_link (URL, Title, URL_origin, UrlAccess) .. TransTitle .. Format;
			URL = '';															-- unset these because no longer needed
			Format = &quot;&quot;;
		elseif utilities.is_set (TitleLink) and not utilities.is_set (URL) then
			local ws_url;
			ws_url = wikisource_url_make (TitleLink);							-- ignore ws_label return; not used here
			if ws_url then
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title-link');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], TitleLink, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = utilities.make_wikilink (TitleLink, Title) .. TransTitle;
			end
		else
			local ws_url, ws_label, L;											-- Title has italic or quote markup by the time we get here which causes is_wikilink() to return 0 (not a wikilink)
			ws_url, ws_label, L = wikisource_url_make (Title:gsub('^[\'&quot;]*(.-)[\'&quot;]*$', '%1'));	-- make ws URL from |title= interwiki link (strip italic or quote markup); link portion L becomes tooltip label
			if ws_url then
				Title = Title:gsub ('%b[]', ws_label);							-- replace interwiki link with ws_label to retain markup
				Title = external_link (ws_url, Title .. '&amp;nbsp;', 'ws link in title');	-- space char after Title to move icon away from italic text; TODO: a better way to do this?
				Title = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['interwiki-icon'], {cfg.presentation['class-wikisource'], L, Title});				
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			else
				Title = Title .. TransTitle;
			end
		end
	else
		Title = TransTitle;
	end

	if utilities.is_set (Place) then
		Place = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('written', Place, use_lowercase) .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;
	end

	local ConferenceURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('ConferenceURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds ConferenceURL
	if utilities.is_set (Conference) then
		if utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
			Conference = external_link( ConferenceURL, Conference, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Conference .. ConferenceFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (ConferenceURL) then
		Conference = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. external_link( ConferenceURL, nil, ConferenceURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Position = '';
	if not utilities.is_set (Position) then
		local Minutes = A['Minutes'];
		local Time = A['Time'];

		if utilities.is_set (Minutes) then
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then		--TODO: make a function for this and similar?
				utilities.set_message ('err_redundant_parameters', {utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'minutes') .. cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'] .. utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', 'time')});
			end
			Position = utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.minutes, Minutes);
		else
			if utilities.is_set (Time) then
				local TimeCaption = A['TimeCaption']
				if not utilities.is_set (TimeCaption) then
					TimeCaption = cs2_lower(cfg.messages['event']);
				end
				Position = &quot; &quot; .. TimeCaption .. &quot; &quot; .. Time;
			end
		end
	else
		Position = &quot; &quot; .. Position;
		At = '';
	end

	Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets = format_pages_sheets (Page, Pages, Sheet, Sheets, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, NoPP, use_lowercase);

	At = utilities.is_set (At) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. At) or &quot;&quot;;
	Position = utilities.is_set (Position) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Position) or &quot;&quot;;
	if config.CitationClass == 'map' then
		local Sections = A['Sections'];											-- Section (singular) is an alias of Chapter so set earlier
		local Inset = A['Inset'];
		
		if utilities.is_set ( Inset ) then
			Inset = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('inset', Inset, use_lowercase);
		end			

		if utilities.is_set ( Sections ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('sections', Sections, use_lowercase);
		elseif utilities.is_set ( Section ) then
			Section = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('section', Section, use_lowercase);
		end
		At = At .. Inset .. Section;		
	end	

	local Others = A['Others'];
	if utilities.is_set (Others) and 0 == #a and 0 == #e then					-- add maint cat when |others= has value and used without |author=, |editor=
		if config.CitationClass == &quot;AV-media-notes&quot;
		or config.CitationClass == &quot;audio-visual&quot; then							-- special maint for AV/M which has a lot of 'false' positives right now
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others_avm')
		else
			utilities.set_message ('maint_others');
		end
	end
	Others = utilities.is_set (Others) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Others) or &quot;&quot;;
	
	if utilities.is_set (Translators) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('translated', Translators, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (Interviewers) then
		Others = safe_join ({sepc .. ' ', wrap_msg ('interview', Interviewers, use_lowercase), Others}, sepc);
	end
	
	local TitleNote = A['TitleNote'];
	TitleNote = utilities.is_set (TitleNote) and (sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. TitleNote) or &quot;&quot;;
	if utilities.is_set (Edition) then
		if Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]d%n?%.?$') or Edition:match ('%f[%a][Ee]dition$') then -- Ed, ed, Ed., ed., Edn, edn, Edn., edn.
			utilities.set_message ('err_extra_text_edition');					 -- add error message
		end
		Edition = &quot; &quot; .. wrap_msg ('edition', Edition);
	else
		Edition = '';
	end

	Series = utilities.is_set (Series) and wrap_msg ('series', {sepc, Series}) or &quot;&quot;;	-- not the same as SeriesNum
	local Agency = A['Agency'] or '';											-- |agency= is supported by {{cite magazine}}, {{cite news}}, {{cite press release}}, {{cite web}}, and certain {{citation}} templates
	if utilities.is_set (Agency) then											-- this testing done here because {{citation}} supports 'news' citations
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {'magazine', 'news', 'pressrelease', 'web'}) or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and utilities.in_array (Periodical_origin, {&quot;magazine&quot;, &quot;newspaper&quot;, &quot;work&quot;})) then
			Agency = wrap_msg ('agency', {sepc, Agency});						-- format for rendering
		else
			Agency = '';														-- unset; not supported
			utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {'agency'});		-- add error message
		end
	end
	
	Volume = format_volume_issue (Volume, Issue, ArticleNumber, config.CitationClass, Periodical_origin, sepc, use_lowercase);

	if utilities.is_set (AccessDate) then
		local retrv_text = &quot; &quot; .. cfg.messages['retrieved'];

		AccessDate = nowrap_date (AccessDate);									-- wrap in nowrap span if date in appropriate format
		retrv_text = cs2_lower(retrv_text);										-- if mode is cs2, lower case
		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (retrv_text, AccessDate);				-- add retrieved text

		AccessDate = utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['accessdate'], {sepc, AccessDate});	-- allow editors to hide accessdates
	end
	
	if utilities.is_set (ID) then ID = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. ID; end
	
	local Docket = A['Docket'];
   	if &quot;thesis&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then
		ID = sepc .. &quot; Docket &quot; .. Docket .. ID;
	end
   	if &quot;report&quot; == config.CitationClass and utilities.is_set (Docket) then		-- for cite report when |docket= is set
		ID = sepc .. ' ' .. Docket;												-- overwrite ID even if |id= is set
	end

	if utilities.is_set (URL) then
		URL = &quot; &quot; .. external_link( URL, nil, URL_origin, UrlAccess );
	end
	
	-- We check length of PostScript here because it will have been nuked by
	-- the quote parameters. We'd otherwise emit a message even if there wasn't
	-- a displayed postscript.
	-- TODO: Should the max size (1) be configurable?
	-- TODO: Should we check a specific pattern?
	if utilities.is_set(PostScript) and mw.ustring.len(PostScript) &gt; 1 then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_postscript')
	end
	
	local Archived;
	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		if not utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then								-- ArchiveURL set but ArchiveDate not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_date');					-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	else														
		if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then									-- ArchiveURL not set but ArchiveDate is set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_date_missing_url');				-- emit an error message
			ArchiveURL = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			ArchiveDate = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (ArchiveURL) then
		local arch_text;
		if &quot;live&quot; == UrlStatus then
			if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cfg.messages['archived-live'],
					{ external_link( ArchiveURL, cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived']), A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
			else
				Archived = '';
			end
			if not utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then
				utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
				Archived = '';													-- empty string for concatenation
			end
		elseif utilities.is_set (OriginalURL) then								-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead', 'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'
			if utilities.in_array (UrlStatus, {'unfit', 'usurped', 'bot: unknown'}) then
				Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-unfit']), ArchiveDate);
				if 'bot: unknown' == UrlStatus then
					utilities.set_message ('maint_bot_unknown');				-- and add a category if not already added
				else
					utilities.add_prop_cat ('unfit');							-- and add a category if not already added
				end
			else																-- UrlStatus is empty, 'dead'
				if utilities.is_set (ArchiveDate) then
					Archived = sepc .. ' ' .. utilities.substitute ( cs2_lower(cfg.messages['archived-dead']),
						{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages['original'], OriginalURL_origin, OriginalAccess ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );
				else
					Archived = '';												-- unset for concatenation
				end
			end	
		else																	-- OriginalUrl not set
			utilities.set_message ('err_archive_missing_url');
			Archived = '';														-- empty string for concatenation
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (ArchiveFormat) then
		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message
	else
		Archived = '';
	end
	
	local TranscriptURL = A['TranscriptURL']
	local TranscriptFormat = A['TranscriptFormat'];
	TranscriptFormat = style_format (TranscriptFormat, TranscriptURL, 'transcript-format', 'transcripturl');
	local Transcript = A['Transcript'];
	local TranscriptURL_origin = A:ORIGIN('TranscriptURL');						-- get name of parameter that holds TranscriptURL
	if utilities.is_set (Transcript) then
		if utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
		end
		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat;
	elseif utilities.is_set (TranscriptURL) then
		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURL_origin, nil );
	end

	local Publisher;
	if utilities.is_set (PublicationDate) then
		PublicationDate = wrap_msg ('published', PublicationDate);
	end
	if utilities.is_set (PublisherName) then
		if utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. &quot;: &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
		else
			Publisher = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
		end			
	elseif utilities.is_set (PublicationPlace) then 
		Publisher= sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
	else 
		Publisher = PublicationDate;
	end
	
	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
	if (utilities.is_set (Periodical) or utilities.is_set (ScriptPeriodical) or utilities.is_set (TransPeriodical)) then
		if utilities.is_set (Title) or utilities.is_set (TitleNote) then 
			Periodical = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		else 
			Periodical = format_periodical (ScriptPeriodical, ScriptPeriodical_origin, Periodical, TransPeriodical, TransPeriodical_origin);
		end
	end
	
	local Language = A['Language'];
	if utilities.is_set (Language) then
		Language = language_parameter (Language);								-- format, categories, name from ISO639-1, etc.
	else
		Language='';															-- language not specified so make sure this is an empty string;
	--[[ TODO: need to extract the wrap_msg from language_parameter
	so that we can solve parentheses bunching problem with Format/Language/TitleType
	]]
	end

	--[[
	Handle the oddity that is cite speech.  This code overrides whatever may be the value assigned to TitleNote (through |department=) and forces it to be &quot; (Speech)&quot; so that
	the annotation directly follows the |title= parameter value in the citation rather than the |event= parameter value (if provided).
	]]
	if &quot;speech&quot; == config.CitationClass then									-- cite speech only
		TitleNote = TitleType;													-- move TitleType to TitleNote so that it renders ahead of |event=
		TitleType = '';															-- and unset

		if utilities.is_set (Periodical) then									-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter 
			if utilities.is_set (Conference) then								-- and if |event= is set
				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;							-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
			end
		end
	end

	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.

	local tcommon;
	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set
	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;
--	Volume = safe_join ({Volume, pgtext}, sepc);
	
	if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;book&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and not utilities.is_set (Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc.
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote}, sepc);						-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2
			tcommon2 = safe_join ({TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		else
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);
		end

	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map
		if utilities.is_set (Chapter) then										-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		elseif utilities.is_set (Periodical) then								-- map in a periodical
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc);
		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map
			tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleType, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc);
		end
		
	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc);

	else																		-- all other CS1 templates
		tcommon = safe_join ({Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc);
	end
	
	if #ID_list &gt; 0 then
		ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. &quot; &quot;,  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. &quot; &quot; ), ID }, sepc );
	else
		ID_list = ID;
	end
	
	local Via = A['Via'];
	Via = utilities.is_set (Via) and  wrap_msg ('via', Via) or '';
	local idcommon;
	if 'audio-visual' == config.CitationClass or 'episode' == config.CitationClass then	-- special case for cite AV media &amp; cite episode position transcript
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, Transcript, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	else
		idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, Quote }, sepc );
	end
	
	local text;
--	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;

	local OrigDate = A['OrigDate'];
	OrigDate = utilities.is_set (OrigDate) and wrap_msg ('origdate', OrigDate) or '';
	if utilities.is_set (Date) then
		if utilities.is_set (Authors) or utilities.is_set (Editors) then		-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set
			Date = &quot; (&quot; .. Date .. &quot;)&quot; .. OrigDate .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;;				-- in parentheses
		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set
			if (string.sub(tcommon, -1, -1) == sepc) then						-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc
				Date = &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;									-- Date does not begin with sepc
			else
				Date = sepc .. &quot; &quot; .. Date .. OrigDate;							-- Date begins with sepc
			end
		end
	end	
	if utilities.is_set (Authors) then
		if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then									-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination
			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Editors) then
			local in_text = '';
			local post_text = '';
			if utilities.is_set (Chapter) and 0 == #c then
				in_text = cfg.messages['in'] .. ' ';
				in_text = cs2_lower(in_text);									-- lowercase for cs2
			end
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. ')';				-- be consistent with no-author, no-date case
			else
				post_text = ' (' .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. ')';
			end
			Editors = terminate_name_list (in_text .. Editors .. post_text, sepc);	-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if utilities.is_set (Contributors) then									-- book cite and we're citing the intro, preface, etc.
			local by_text = sepc .. ' ' .. cfg.messages['by'] .. ' ';
			by_text = cs2_lower(by_text);										-- lowercase for cs2
			Authors = by_text .. Authors;										-- author follows title so tweak it here
			if utilities.is_set (Editors) and utilities.is_set (Date) then		-- when Editors make sure that Authors gets terminated
				Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);					-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			if (not utilities.is_set (Date)) then								-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Contributors termination
				Contributors = terminate_name_list (Contributors, sepc);		-- terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
			end
			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
--			text = safe_join( {Contributors, Date, Chapter, tcommon, Authors, Place, Editors, tcommon2, idcommon }, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon }, sepc );
--			text = safe_join( {Authors, Date, Chapter, Place, Editors, tcommon, idcommon }, sepc );
		end
	elseif utilities.is_set (Editors) then
		if utilities.is_set (Date) then
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editor'];
			else
				Editors = Editors .. cfg.presentation['sep_name'] .. cfg.messages['editors'];
			end
		else
			if EditorCount &lt;= 1 then
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editor'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			else
				Editors = Editors .. &quot; (&quot; .. cfg.messages['editors'] .. &quot;)&quot; .. sepc .. &quot; &quot;
			end
		end
		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
--		text = safe_join( {Editors, Date, Chapter, Place, tcommon, idcommon}, sepc );
	else
		if utilities.in_array (config.CitationClass, {&quot;journal&quot;, &quot;citation&quot;}) and utilities.is_set (Periodical) then
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, pgtext, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
--			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
		else
			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, pgtext, idcommon}, sepc );
--			text = safe_join( {Chapter, Place, tcommon, Date, idcommon}, sepc );
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (PostScript) and PostScript ~= sepc then
		text = safe_join( {text, sepc}, sepc ); 								-- Deals with italics, spaces, etc.
		if '.' == sepc then														-- remove final seperator if present
			text = text:gsub ('%' .. sepc .. '$', '');							-- dot must be escaped here
		else
			text = mw.ustring.gsub (text, sepc .. '$', '');						-- using ustring for non-dot sepc (likely a non-Latin character)
		end
	end	
	
	text = safe_join( {text, PostScript}, sepc );

	-- Now enclose the whole thing in a &lt;cite&gt; element
	local options_t = {};
	options_t.class = cite_class_attribute_make (config.CitationClass, Mode);

	local Ref = is_valid_parameter_value (A['Ref'], A:ORIGIN('Ref'), cfg.keywords_lists['ref'], nil, true);	-- nil when |ref=harv; A['Ref'] else

	if 'none' ~= cfg.keywords_xlate[(Ref and Ref:lower()) or ''] then
		local namelist_t = {};													-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list
		local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);						-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation

		if #c &gt; 0 then															-- if there is a contributor list
			namelist_t = c;														-- select it
		elseif #a &gt; 0 then														-- or an author list
			namelist_t = a;
		elseif #e &gt; 0 then														-- or an editor list
			namelist_t = e;
		end
		local citeref_id;
		if #namelist_t &gt; 0 then													-- if there are names in namelist_t
			citeref_id = make_citeref_id (namelist_t, year);					-- go make the CITEREF anchor
			if mw.uri.anchorEncode (citeref_id) == ((Ref and mw.uri.anchorEncode (Ref)) or '') then	-- Ref may already be encoded (by {{sfnref}}) so citeref_id must be encoded before comparison
				utilities.set_message ('maint_ref_duplicates_default');
			end
		else
			citeref_id = '';													-- unset
		end
		local Ref2 = A['Ref2'];												-- falocalization: |ش= appends a disambiguator to the CITEREF anchor (matches {{پک}} year+ش)
		if utilities.is_set (Ref2) and utilities.is_set (citeref_id) then
			Ref2 = mw.ustring.gsub (Ref2, '[۰-۹٠-٩]', {
				['۰']='0',['۱']='1',['۲']='2',['۳']='3',['۴']='4',['۵']='5',['۶']='6',['۷']='7',['۸']='8',['۹']='9',
				['٠']='0',['١']='1',['٢']='2',['٣']='3',['٤']='4',['٥']='5',['٦']='6',['٧']='7',['٨']='8',['٩']='9'});	-- match {{پک}}'s formatnum|R western digits
			citeref_id = citeref_id .. Ref2;
		end
		options_t.id = Ref or citeref_id;
	end

	if string.len (text:gsub('%b&lt;&gt;', '')) &lt;= 2 then								-- remove html and html-like tags; then get length of what remains; 
		z.error_cats_t = {};													-- blank the categories list
		z.error_msgs_t = {};													-- blank the error messages list
		OCinSoutput = nil;														-- blank the metadata string
		text = '';																-- blank the the citation
		utilities.set_message ('err_empty_citation');							-- set empty citation message and category
	end
	
	local render_t = {};														-- here we collect the final bits for concatenation into the rendered citation

	if is_preview_mode and (0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t or 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t) then	-- when in preview mode
		if not utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then								-- and when this template has not created an anchor ID
            math.randomseed (tonumber (mw.getLanguage ('en'):formatDate ('U')) * 10000 + os.clock() * 10000);
			options_t.id = 'CITEREF_temp_preview_id_' .. math.random (100000, 999999);	-- create temporary anchor ID for preview mode
		end
	end

	if utilities.is_set (options_t.id) then										-- here we wrap the rendered citation in &lt;cite ...&gt;...&lt;/cite&gt; tags
		options_t.id = mw.uri.anchorEncode(options_t.id);						-- do this here; also used when adding preview warning messages
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite-id'], {options_t.id, mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref= is set or when there is a namelist
	else
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['cite'], {mw.text.nowiki(options_t.class), text}));	-- when |ref=none or when namelist_t empty and |ref= is missing or is empty
	end		

	if OCinSoutput then															-- blanked when citation is 'empty' so don't bother to add boilerplate metadata span
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['ocins'], OCinSoutput));	-- format and append metadata to the citation
	end

	local template_name = cfg.citation_class_map_t[config.CitationClass];
	local template_link = '[[Template:' .. template_name .. '|' .. template_name .. ']]';
	local msg_prefix = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;{{' .. template_link .. '}}&lt;/code&gt;: ';

	if 0 ~= #z.error_msgs_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_e, {template_link, options_t.id}));

		table.insert (render_t, ' ');											-- insert a space between citation and its error messages
		table.sort (z.error_msgs_t);											-- sort the error messages list; sorting includes wrapping &lt;span&gt; and &lt;code&gt; tags; hidden-error sorts ahead of visible-error

		local hidden = true;													-- presume that the only error messages emited by this template are hidden
		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_msgs_t) do									-- spin through the list of error messages
			if v:find ('cs1-visible-error', 1, true) then						-- look for the visible error class name
				hidden = false;													-- found one; so don't hide the error message prefix
				break;															-- and done because no need to look further
			end
		end

		z.error_msgs_t[1] = table.concat ({utilities.error_comment (msg_prefix, hidden), z.error_msgs_t[1]});	-- add error message prefix to first error message to prevent extraneous punctuation
		table.insert (render_t, table.concat (z.error_msgs_t, '; '));			-- make a big string of error messages and add it to the rendering
	end

	if 0 ~= #z.maint_cats_t then
		mw.addWarning (utilities.substitute (cfg.messages.warning_msg_m, {template_link, options_t.id}));

		table.sort (z.maint_cats_t);											-- sort the maintenance messages list

		local maint_msgs_t = {};												-- here we collect all of the maint messages

		if 0 == #z.error_msgs_t then											-- if no error messages
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, msg_prefix);							-- insert message prefix in maint message livery
		end
		
		for _, v in ipairs( z.maint_cats_t ) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (maint_msgs_t, 										-- assemble new maint message and add it to the maint_msgs_t table
				table.concat ({v, ' (', utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[':cat wikilink'], v), ')'})
				);
		end
		table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.presentation['hidden-maint'], table.concat (maint_msgs_t, ' ')));	-- wrap the group of maint messages with proper presentation and save
	end

	if not no_tracking_cats then
		local sort_key;
		local cat_wikilink = 'cat wikilink';
		if cfg.enable_sort_keys then											-- when namespace sort keys enabled
			local namespace_number = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;		-- get namespace number for this wikitext
			sort_key = (0 ~= namespace_number and (cfg.name_space_sort_keys[namespace_number] or cfg.name_space_sort_keys.other)) or nil;	-- get sort key character; nil for mainspace
			cat_wikilink = (not sort_key and 'cat wikilink') or 'cat wikilink sk';	-- make &lt;cfg.messages&gt; key
		end				

		for _, v in ipairs (z.error_cats_t) do									-- append error categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		if cfg.id_limits_data_load_fail then									-- boolean true when load failed
			utilities.set_message ('maint_id_limit_load_fail');					-- done here because this maint cat emits no message
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.maint_cats_t) do									-- append maintenance categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages[cat_wikilink], {v, sort_key}));
		end
		for _, v in ipairs (z.prop_cats_t) do									-- append properties categories
			table.insert (render_t, utilities.substitute (cfg.messages['cat wikilink'], v));	-- no sort keys
		end
	end

	return table.concat (render_t);												-- make a big string and done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; V A L I D A T E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Looks for a parameter's name in one of several whitelists.

Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
	true - active, supported parameters
	false - deprecated, supported parameters
	nil - unsupported parameters
	
]]

local function validate (name, cite_class, empty)
	local name = tostring (name);
	local enum_name;															-- parameter name with enumerator (if any) replaced with '#'
	local state;
	local function state_test (state, name)										-- local function to do testing of state values
		if true == state then return true; end									-- valid actively supported parameter
		if false == state then
			if empty then return nil; end										-- empty deprecated parameters are treated as unknowns
			deprecated_parameter (name);										-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
			return true;
		end
		if 'tracked' == state then
			local base_name = name:gsub ('%d', '');								-- strip enumerators from parameter names that have them to get the base name
			utilities.add_prop_cat ('tracked-param', {base_name}, base_name);	-- add a properties category; &lt;base_name&gt; modifies &lt;key&gt;
			return true;
		end
		return nil;
	end		

	if name:find ('#') then														-- # is a cs1|2 reserved character so parameters with # not permitted
		return nil;
	end
																				-- replace enumerator digit(s) with # (|last25= becomes |last#=) (mw.ustring because non-Western 'local' digits)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d+$', '#');							-- where enumerator is last charaters in parameter name (these to protect |s2cid=)
	enum_name = mw.ustring.gsub (enum_name, '%d+([%-l])', '#%1');				-- where enumerator is in the middle of the parameter name; |author#link= is the oddity

	if 'document' == cite_class then											-- special case for {{cite document}}
		state = whitelist.document_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end
		
		return false;
	end

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.preprint_template_list_t) then	-- limited parameter sets allowed for these templates
		state = whitelist.limited_parameters_t[enum_name];						-- this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

		state = whitelist.preprint_arguments_t[cite_class][name];				-- look in the parameter-list for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

		return false;															-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
	end																			-- end limited parameter-set templates

	if utilities.in_array (cite_class, whitelist.unique_param_template_list_t) then 	-- template-specific parameters for templates that accept parameters from the basic argument list
		state = whitelist.unique_arguments_t[cite_class][name];					-- look in the template-specific parameter-lists for the template identified by cite_class
		if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end
	end																			-- if here, fall into general validation

	state = whitelist.common_parameters_t[enum_name];							-- all other templates; all normal parameters allowed; this list holds enumerated and nonenumerated parameters
	if true == state_test (state, name) then return true; end

	return false;																-- not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I N T E R _ W I K I _ C H E C K &gt;----------------------------------------------

check &lt;value&gt; for inter-language interwiki-link markup.  &lt;prefix&gt; must be a MediaWiki-recognized language
code.  when these values have the form (without leading colon):
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link|label]] return label as plain-text
	[[&lt;prefix&gt;:link]] return &lt;prefix&gt;:link as plain-text

return value as is else

]=]

local function inter_wiki_check (parameter, value)
	local prefix = value:match ('%[%[(%a+):');									-- get an interwiki prefix if one exists
	local _;
	
	if prefix and cfg.inter_wiki_map[prefix:lower()] then						-- if prefix is in the map, needs preceding colon so
		utilities.set_message ('err_bad_paramlink', parameter);					-- emit an error message
		_, value, _ = utilities.is_wikilink (value);							-- extract label portion from wikilink
	end

	return value;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M I S S I N G _ P I P E _ C H E C K &gt;------------------------------------------

Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal
sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a
parameter that is missing its pipe.  There are two tests made:
	{{cite ... |title=Title access-date=2016-03-17}}	-- the first parameter has a value and whitespace separates that value from the missing pipe parameter name
	{{cite ... |title=access-date=2016-03-17}}			-- the first parameter has no value (whitespace after the first = is trimmed by MediaWiki)
cs1|2 shares some parameter names with XML/HTML attributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives XML/HTML
tags are removed before the search.

If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.

]]

local function missing_pipe_check (parameter, value)
	local capture;
	value = value:gsub ('%b&lt;&gt;', '');											-- remove XML/HTML tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc.

	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a[%w%-]+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes
	if capture and validate (capture) then										-- if the capture is a valid parameter name
		utilities.set_message ('err_missing_pipe', parameter);
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ P U N C T &gt;--------------------------------------

look for extraneous terminal punctuation in most parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_punc (param, value)
	if 'number' == type (param) then
		return;
	end
	
	param = param:gsub ('%d+', '#');											-- enumerated name-list mask params allow terminal punct; normalize 
	if cfg.punct_skip[param] then
		return;																	-- parameter name found in the skip table so done
	end
	
	if value:match ('[,;:]$') then
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
	if value:match ('^=') then													-- sometimes an extraneous '=' character appears ...
		utilities.set_message ('maint_extra_punct');							-- has extraneous punctuation; add maint cat
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ T W L _ U R L &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

look for The Wikipedia Library urls in url-holding parameters.  TWL urls are accessible only for readers who are
active extended confirmed Wikipedia editors.  This function sets an error message when such urls are discovered
and when appropriate, sets the |&lt;param&gt;-url-access=subscription.  returns nothing.

looks for: '.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org'

]]

local function has_twl_url (url_params_t, cite_args_t)
	local url_error_t = {};														-- sequence of url-holding parameters that have a TWL url
	
	for param, value in pairs (url_params_t) do
		if value:find ('%.wikipedialibrary%.idm%.oclc%.org') then				-- has the TWL base url?
			table.insert (url_error_t, param);									-- add parameter name to the error list
		end
	end
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);												-- sor for error messaging
		for i, param in ipairs (url_error_t) do
			if cfg.url_access_map_t[param] then									-- if &lt;param&gt; has a matching -access parameter
				cite_args_t[cfg.url_access_map_t[param]] = cfg.keywords_xlate.subscription;	-- set |&lt;param&gt;-url-access=subscription
			end
			url_error_t[i] = utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', param);			-- make the parameter pretty for error message
		end

		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_twl_url', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ E X T R A N E O U S _ U R L &gt;------------------------------------------

look for extraneous url parameter values; parameters listed in skip table are not checked

]]

local function has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t)
	local url_error_t = {};
	
	check_for_url (non_url_param_t, url_error_t);								-- extraneous url check
	if 0 ~= #url_error_t then													-- non-zero when there are errors
		table.sort (url_error_t);
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_has_ext_link', {utilities.make_sep_list (#url_error_t, url_error_t)});	-- add this error message
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; _ C I T A T I O N &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

Module entry point

	frame – from template call (citation()); may be nil when called from another module
	args_t – table of all cs1|2 parameters in the template (the parent frame)
	config_t – table of template-supplied parameter (the #invoke frame)

]]

local function _citation (frame, args_t, config_t)								-- save a copy in case we need to display an error message in preview mode
	if not frame then
		frame = mw.getCurrentFrame();											-- if called from another module, get a frame for frame-provided functions
	end
																				-- i18n: set the name that your wiki uses to identify sandbox subpages from sandbox template invoke (or can be set here)
	local sandbox = ((config_t.SandboxPath and '' ~= config_t.SandboxPath) and config_t.SandboxPath) or '/sandbox';	-- sandbox path from {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|citation|SandboxPath=/...}}
	is_sandbox = nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), sandbox, 1, true);		-- is this invoke the sandbox module?
	sandbox = is_sandbox and sandbox or '';										-- use i18n sandbox to load sandbox modules when this module is the sandox; live modules else

	cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/en/Configuration' .. sandbox);			-- load sandbox versions of support modules when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live modules else
	whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/en/Whitelist' .. sandbox);
	utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/en/Utilities' .. sandbox);
	validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/en/Date_validation' .. sandbox);
	identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/en/Identifiers' .. sandbox);
	metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/en/COinS' .. sandbox);

	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the selected cfg tables
	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
	validation.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Date validataion can see selected cfg tables and the selected Utilities module
	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module

	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
	local cite_args_t = {};														-- because args_t is the parent (template) frame args (which cannot be modified); params and their values will be placed here

	is_preview_mode = not utilities.is_set (frame:preprocess ('{{REVISIONID}}'));

	local suggestions = {};														-- table where we store suggestions if we need to loadData them
	local error_text;															-- used as a flag

	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns
	local empty_unknowns = {};													-- sequence table to hold empty unknown params for error message listing
	do		-- fa compat: remap legacy params before validation (frame args are read-only → work on a mutable copy)
		local _m = {};
		for _k, _v in pairs (args_t) do
			if type (_k) == 'string' then _k = mw.ustring.gsub (_k, '_', ' '); end	-- fa: accept underscore-joined multiword param names (تاریخ_بازبینی → تاریخ بازبینی); ~100k+ articles
			_m[_k] = _v;
		end
		local _du = _m['dead-url'] or _m['deadurl'] or _m['پیوند مرده'];	-- removed from en CS1 (2019); ~200k fa articles still use it
		if _du ~= nil then
			local _cur = _m['url-status'];
			if not (_cur and mw.text.trim (_cur) ~= '') then
				local _v = mw.ustring.lower (mw.text.trim (_du));
				if _v == '' then
				elseif _v=='no' or _v=='false' or _v=='n' or _v=='live' or _v=='زنده' or _v=='نه' or _v=='خیر' then _m['url-status'] = 'live';
				elseif _v=='unfit' then _m['url-status'] = 'unfit';
				elseif _v=='usurped' then _m['url-status'] = 'usurped';
				else _m['url-status'] = 'dead'; end
			end
			_m['dead-url'] = nil; _m['deadurl'] = nil; _m['پیوند مرده'] = nil;
		end
		if _m['ref'] and 'harv' == mw.ustring.lower (mw.text.trim (_m['ref'])) then _m['ref'] = nil; end	-- |ref=harv is now the default anchor
		local _ignisbn = _m['شابک نادرست'] or _m['ignore-isbn-error'];	-- legacy fa flag (= en's removed |ignore-isbn-error=): many old Iranian books have a valid-prefix but bad-checksum شابک
		if _ignisbn ~= nil then
			local _iv = mw.ustring.lower (mw.text.trim (_ignisbn));
			if _iv=='بله' or _iv=='آری' or _iv=='درست' or _iv=='yes' or _iv=='true' or _iv=='y' or _iv=='1' then	-- only on an affirmative value
				for _, _ik in ipairs ({'شابک', 'شابک13', 'isbn', 'ISBN', 'isbn13', 'ISBN13'}) do
					local _isbn = _m[_ik];
					if _isbn ~= nil and mw.text.trim (_isbn) ~= '' then
						_isbn = mw.text.trim (_isbn);
						if not _isbn:match ('^%(%(.*%)%)$') then			-- don't double-wrap an already accept-as-written value
							_m[_ik] = '((' .. _isbn .. '))';				-- wrap in accept-as-written markup → engine suppresses the checksum error + adds the «خطاهای شابک چشم‌پوشی‌شده» maint cat
						end
					end
				end
			end
			_m['شابک نادرست'] = nil; _m['ignore-isbn-error'] = nil;			-- consume the flag so it isn't reported as an unknown parameter
		end
		args_t = _m;
	end
	for k, v in pairs (args_t) do												-- get parameters from the parent (template) frame
		v = mw.ustring.gsub (v, '^%s*(.-)%s*$', '%1');							-- trim leading/trailing whitespace; when v is only whitespace, becomes empty string
		if v ~= '' then
			if cfg.enum_needs_xlation and 'string' == type (k) then				-- for wikis that set date_names['local_digits'] to non-western digits
			    k = mw.ustring.gsub (k, '%d', cfg.date_names.local_digits);		-- translate 'local' digits enumerators to Western 0-9
			end
			if not validate( k, config_t.CitationClass ) then			
				if type (k) ~= 'string' then									-- exclude empty numbered parameters
					if v:match(&quot;%S+&quot;) ~= nil then
						error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_text_ignored', {v});
					end
				elseif validate (k:lower(), config_t.CitationClass) then 
					error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()});	-- suggest the lowercase version of the parameter
				else
					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it
						suggestions = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/en/Suggestions' .. sandbox);	--load sandbox version of suggestion module when {{#invoke:Citation/CS1/sandbox|...}}; live module else
					end
					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter
						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no capture in pattern else the capture if a match
						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches 
							param = utilities.substitute (param, capture);		-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator)
							if validate (param, config_t.CitationClass) then		-- validate the suggestion to make sure that the suggestion is supported by this template (necessary for limited parameter lists)
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param});	-- set the suggestion error message
							else
								error_text = utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});	-- suggested param not supported by this template
								v = '';											-- unset
							end
						end
					end
					if not utilities.is_set (error_text) then					-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an explicit suggestion?						
						if (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ] ~= nil) and validate (suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ], config_t.CitationClass) then
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions[ k:lower() ]});
						else
							utilities.set_message ('err_parameter_ignored', {k});
							v = '';												-- unset value assigned to unrecognized parameters (this for the limited parameter lists)
						end
					end
				end				  
			end

			cite_args_t[k] = v;													-- save this parameter and its value

		elseif not utilities.is_set (v) then									-- for empty parameters
			if not validate (k, config_t.CitationClass, true) then				-- is this empty parameter a valid parameter
				k = ('' == k) and cfg.err_msg_supl.empty_str or k;				-- when k is empty string (or was space(s) trimmed to empty string), replace with descriptive text
				table.insert (empty_unknowns, utilities.wrap_style ('parameter', k));	-- format for error message and add to the list
			end
		end
	end	

	if 0 ~= #empty_unknowns then												-- create empty unknown error message
		utilities.set_message ('err_param_unknown_empty', {
			1 == #empty_unknowns and '' or 's',
			utilities.make_sep_list (#empty_unknowns, empty_unknowns)
			});
	end

	local non_url_param_t = {};													-- table of parameters and values that are not url-holding parameters
	local url_param_t = {};														-- table of url-holding paramters and their values

	for k, v in pairs (cite_args_t) do

		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters
			has_invisible_chars (k, v);											-- look for invisible characters
		end
		has_extraneous_punc (k, v);												-- look for extraneous terminal punctuation in parameter values
		missing_pipe_check (k, v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe?
		cite_args_t[k] = inter_wiki_check (k, v);								-- when language interwiki-linked parameter missing leading colon replace with wiki-link label

		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- when parameter k is not positional
			if not cfg.url_skip[k] then											-- and not in url skip table
				non_url_param_t[k] = v;											-- make a parameter/value list for extraneous url check
			else																-- and is in url skip table (a url-holding parameter)
				url_param_t[k] = v;												-- make a parameter/value list to check for values that are The Wikipedia Library url
			end
		end
	end

	if cfg.suppress_archive_today_urls then
		has_archive_today_url (cite_args_t);									-- look for and suppress archive.today urls and dependent parameters for all templates
	end
	has_extraneous_url (non_url_param_t);										-- look for url in parameter values where a url does not belong
	has_twl_url (url_param_t, cite_args_t);										-- look for url-holding parameters that hold a The Wikipedia Library url

	local fa_digits = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/fa/date-i18n');		-- fa i18n: source-language digits
	return table.concat ({
		frame:extensionTag ('templatestyles', '', {src='Module:Citation/CS1/en' .. sandbox .. '/styles.css'}),
		fa_digits.to_western (citation0 (config_t, cite_args_t))
	});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Template entry point

]]

local function citation (frame)
	local config_t = {};														-- table to store parameters from the module {{#invoke:}}
	local args_t = frame:getParent().args;										-- get template's preset parameters

	for k, v in pairs (frame.args) do											-- get parameters from the {{#invoke}} frame
		config_t[k] = v;
	--	args_t[k] = v;															-- crude debug support that allows us to render a citation from module {{#invoke:}}; skips parameter validation; TODO: keep?
	end	
	return _citation (frame, args_t, config_t)
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	citation = citation,														-- template entry point
	
	_citation = _citation,														-- module entry point
	}</text>
      <sha1>2i1qoyxq3ra5za78nyt45z9bbb56n39</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ماژول:Citation/CS1/en/Utilities</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>45276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392075</id>
      <parentid>391288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:09:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392075</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="25551" sha1="otrlnlcv62xzht51xo52hcix6baeoa8" xml:space="preserve">local z = {
	error_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that contain errors
	error_ids_t = {};															-- list of error identifiers; used to prevent duplication of certain errors; local to this module
	error_msgs_t = {};															-- sequence table of error messages
	maint_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations that aren't erroneous per se, but could use a little work
	prop_cats_t = {};															-- for categorizing citations based on certain properties, language of source for instance
	prop_keys_t = {};															-- for adding classes to the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
};


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local cfg;																		-- table of tables imported from selected Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Returns true if argument is set; false otherwise. Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.

]]

local function is_set (var)
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I N _ A R R A Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Whether needle is in haystack

]]

local function in_array (needle, haystack)
	if needle == nil then
		return false;
	end
	for n, v in ipairs (haystack) do
		if v == needle then
			return n;
		end
	end
	return false;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H A S _ A C C E P T _ A S _ W R I T T E N &gt;------------------------------------

When &lt;str&gt; is wholly wrapped in accept-as-written markup, return &lt;str&gt; without markup and true; return &lt;str&gt; and false else

with allow_empty = false, &lt;str&gt; must have at least one character inside the markup
with allow_empty = true, &lt;str&gt; the markup frame can be empty like (()) to distinguish an empty template parameter from the specific condition &quot;has no applicable value&quot; in citation-context.

After further evaluation the two cases might be merged at a later stage, but should be kept separated for now.

]]

local function has_accept_as_written (str, allow_empty)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str, false;
	end

	local count;

	if true == allow_empty then
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$', '%1'); 						-- allows (()) to be an empty set
	else
		str, count = str:gsub ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$', '%1');
	end
	return str, 0 ~= count;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S U B S T I T U T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table. &lt;args&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function substitute (msg, args)
	return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O M M E N T &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Wraps error messages with CSS markup according to the state of hidden. &lt;content&gt; may be a single string or a
sequence table of multiple strings.

]]

local function error_comment (content, hidden)
	return substitute (hidden and cfg.presentation['hidden-error'] or cfg.presentation['visible-error'], content);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; H Y P H E N _ T O _ D A S H &gt;--------------------------------------------------

Converts a hyphen, endash, emdash to endash under certain conditions.  The hyphen/en/em must separate
like items; unlike items are returned unmodified.  These forms are modified:
	letter - letter (A-B)
	digit - digit (4-5)
	digit separator digit - digit separator digit (4.1-4.5 or 4-1-4-5)
	letterdigit - letterdigit (A1-A5) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – a.1-a.5 or a-1-a-5)
	digitletter - digitletter (5a-5d) (an optional separator between letter and
		digit is supported – 5.a-5.d or 5-a-5-d)

any other forms are returned unmodified.

str may be a comma- or semicolon-separated list of page ranges with/without single pages

]]

local function hyphen_to_dash (str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return str;
	end

	str = str:gsub (&quot;(%(%(.-%)%))&quot;, function(m) return m:gsub(&quot;,&quot;, &quot;，&quot;):gsub(&quot;;&quot;, &quot;；&quot;) end) -- replace commas and semicolons in accept-as-written markup with similar unicode characters so they'll be ignored during the split	
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;[nm]dash;', {['&amp;ndash;'] = '–', ['&amp;mdash;'] = '—'});		-- replace &amp;mdash; and &amp;ndash; entities with their characters; semicolon mucks up the text.split
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;#45;', '-');												-- replace HTML numeric entity with hyphen character
	str = str:gsub ('&amp;nbsp;', ' ');												-- replace &amp;nbsp; entity with generic keyboard space character
	
	local out = {};
	local list = mw.text.split (str, '%s*[,;]%s*');								-- split str at comma or semicolon separators if there are any

	local accept;																-- boolean

	for _, item in ipairs (list) do												-- for each item in the list
		item, accept = has_accept_as_written (item);							-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of item
		if not accept and mw.ustring.match (item, '^%w*[%.%-]?%w+%s*[—–-]%s*%w*[%.%-]?%w+$') then	-- if pagination uses &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separators with hyphen/endash/emdash &lt;range separator&gt;
			if mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+[%.%-]%d+$') or		-- letter&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit &lt;range separator&gt; letter&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between letter and digit)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%a+$') or		-- digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;letter &lt;range separator&gt; digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;letter (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between digit and letter)
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+[%.%-]%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+[%.%-]%d+$') then	-- digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit &lt;range separator&gt; digit&lt;hyphen|dot&gt;digit (requires &lt;hyphen|dot&gt; separator between digit and digit)
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w*[%.%-]%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w*[%.%-]%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1 –&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%2&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace &lt;range separator&gt;, with spaced endash

			elseif mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+%a+$') or		-- digitletter &lt;range separator&gt; digitletter
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+%d+$') or			-- letterdigit &lt;range separator&gt; letterdigit
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%d+%s*[—–-]%s*%d+$') or				-- digit &lt;range separator&gt; digit
				mw.ustring.match (item, '^%a+%s*[—–-]%s*%a+$') then				-- letter&lt;range separator&gt; letter
					item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '(%w+)%s*[—–-]%s*(%w+)', '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;%1–&lt;/span&gt;%2');	-- replace &lt;range separator&gt; with endash, remove extraneous space characters

			else
	--			item = mw.ustring.gsub (item, '%s*[—–-]%s*', '–');				-- disabled; here when 'unlike' items so return &lt;item&gt; as is
			end
		end
		table.insert (out, item);												-- add the (possibly modified) item to the output table
	end

	local temp_str = '';														-- concatenate the output table into a comma separated string
	temp_str, accept = has_accept_as_written (table.concat (out, ', '));		-- remove accept-this-as-written markup when it wraps all of concatenated out
	if accept then
		temp_str = has_accept_as_written (str);									-- when global markup removed, return original str; do it this way to suppress boolean second return value
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);
	else
		return temp_str:gsub(&quot;，&quot;, &quot;,&quot;):gsub(&quot;；&quot;, &quot;;&quot;);						-- else, return assembled temp_str
	end
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided (or link and display are the same), returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are
provided or link is omitted, returns an empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display)
	if not is_set (link) then return '' end

	if is_set (display) and link ~= display then			
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});			
	else
		return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ M E S S A G E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Sets an error message using the ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table along with arguments supplied in the function
call, inserts the resulting message in z.error_msgs_t{} sequence table, and returns the error message.

&lt;error_id&gt; – key value for appropriate error handler in ~/Configuration error_conditions{} table 
&lt;arguments&gt; – may be a single string or a sequence table of multiple strings to be subsititued into error_conditions[error_id].message
&lt;raw&gt; – boolean
	true –	causes this function to return the error message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag;
			returns error_conditions[error_id].hidden as a second return value
			does not add message to z.error_msgs_t sequence table
	false, nil – adds message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag to z.error_msgs_t
			returns the error message wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag; there is no second return value
&lt;prefix&gt; – string to be prepended to &lt;message&gt;									-- TODO: remove support for these unused(?) arguments?
&lt;suffix&gt; – string to be appended to &lt;message&gt;

TODO: change z.error_cats_t and z.maint_cats_t to have the form cat_name = true?  this to avoid dups without having to have an extra table

]]

local added_maint_cats = {}														-- list of maintenance categories that have been added to z.maint_cats_t; TODO: figure out how to delete this table

local function set_message (error_id, arguments, raw, prefix, suffix)
	local error_state = cfg.error_conditions[error_id];
	
	prefix = prefix or '';
	suffix = suffix or '';
	
	if error_state == nil then
		error (cfg.messages['undefined_error'] .. ': ' .. error_id);			-- because missing error handler in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration

	elseif is_set (error_state.category) then
		if error_state.message then												-- when error_state.message defined, this is an error message
			table.insert (z.error_cats_t, error_state.category);
		else
			if not added_maint_cats[error_id] then
				added_maint_cats[error_id] = true;								-- note that we've added this category
				table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (error_state.category, arguments));	-- make cat name then add to table
			end
			return;																-- because no message, nothing more to do
		end
	end

	local message = substitute (error_state.message, arguments);

	message = table.concat (
		{
		message,
		' (',
		make_wikilink (
			table.concat (
				{
				cfg.messages['help page link'],
				'#',
				error_state.anchor
				}),
			cfg.messages['help page label']),
		')'
		});

	z.error_ids_t[error_id] = true;
	if z.error_ids_t['err_citation_missing_title'] and							-- if missing-title error already noted
		in_array (error_id, {'err_bare_url_missing_title', 'err_trans_missing_title'}) then		-- and this error is one of these
			return '', false;													-- don't bother because one flavor of missing title is sufficient
	end
	
	message = table.concat ({prefix, message, suffix});

	if true == raw then
		return message, error_state.hidden;										-- return message not wrapped in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	end		

	message = error_comment (message, error_state.hidden);						-- wrap message in visible-error, hidden-error span tag
	table.insert (z.error_msgs_t, message);										-- add it to the messages sequence table
	return message;																-- and done; return value generally not used but is used as a flag in various functions of ~/Identifiers
end


--[[-------------------------&lt; I S _ A L I A S _ U S E D &gt;-----------------------------------------------------

This function is used by select_one() to determine if one of a list of alias parameters is in the argument list
provided by the template.

Input:
	args – pointer to the arguments table from calling template
	alias – one of the list of possible aliases in the aliases lists from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
	index – for enumerated parameters, identifies which one
	enumerated – true/false flag used to choose how enumerated aliases are examined
	value – value associated with an alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	selected – the alias that has previously been selected; nil if not yet selected
	error_list – list of aliases that are duplicates of the alias already selected

Returns:
	value – value associated with alias we selected or that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected
	selected – the alias we selected or the alias that was previously selected or nil if an alias not yet selected

]]

local function is_alias_used (args, alias, index, enumerated, value, selected, error_list)
	if enumerated then															-- is this a test for an enumerated parameters?
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', index);										-- replace '#' with the value in index
	else
		alias = alias:gsub ('#', '');											-- remove '#' if it exists
	end

	if is_set (args[alias]) then												-- alias is in the template's argument list
		if value ~= nil and selected ~= alias then								-- if we have already selected one of the aliases
			local skip;
			for _, v in ipairs (error_list) do									-- spin through the error list to see if we've added this alias
				if v == alias then
					skip = true;
					break;														-- has been added so stop looking 
				end
			end
			if not skip then													-- has not been added so
				table.insert (error_list, alias);								-- add error alias to the error list
			end
		else
			value = args[alias];												-- not yet selected an alias, so select this one
			selected = alias;
		end
	end
	return value, selected;														-- return newly selected alias, or previously selected alias
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ M A I N T _ C A T &gt;------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.maint_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.
To prevent duplication, the added_maint_cats table lists the categories by key that have been added to z.maint_cats_t.

]]

local function add_maint_cat (key, arguments)
	if not added_maint_cats [key] then
		added_maint_cats [key] = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.maint_cats_t, substitute (cfg.maint_cats [key], arguments));	-- make name then add to table
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A D D _ P R O P _ C A T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Adds a category to z.prop_cats_t using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.

foreign_lang_source and foreign_lang_source_2 keys have a language code appended to them so that multiple languages
may be categorized but multiples of the same language are not categorized.

added_prop_cats is a table declared in page scope variables above

]]

local added_prop_cats = {};														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.prop_cats_t

local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments, key_modifier)
	local key_modified = key .. ((key_modifier and key_modifier) or '');		-- modify &lt;key&gt; with &lt;key_modifier&gt; if present and not nil
	
	if not added_prop_cats [key_modified] then
		added_prop_cats [key_modified] = true;									-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert (z.prop_cats_t, (mw.ustring.gsub (substitute (cfg.prop_cats [key], arguments), '[ً-ْٰ]', '')));	-- fa: strip Arabic harakat from category names (fa abuse-filter disallows harakat in page titles, e.g. MediaWiki's «نروژی نی‌نُشک»)
		table.insert (z.prop_keys_t, 'cs1-prop-' .. key);						-- convert key to class for use in the citation's &lt;cite&gt; tag
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S A F E _ F O R _ I T A L I C S &gt;----------------------------------------------

Protects a string that will be wrapped in wiki italic markup '' ... ''

Note: We cannot use &lt;i&gt; for italics, as the expected behavior for italics specified by ''...'' in the title is that
they will be inverted (i.e. unitalicized) in the resulting references.  In addition, &lt;i&gt; and '' tend to interact
poorly under Mediawiki's HTML tidy.

]]

local function safe_for_italics (str)
	if not is_set (str) then return str end

	if str:sub (1, 1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot; .. str; end
	if str:sub (-1, -1) == &quot;'&quot; then str = str .. &quot;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&quot;; end
	
	return str:gsub ('\n', ' ');												-- Remove newlines as they break italics.
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W R A P _ S T Y L E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Applies styling to various parameters.  Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list configuration taking one
argument; protects italic styled parameters.  Additional text taken from citation_config.presentation - the reason
this function is similar to but separate from wrap_msg().

]]

local function wrap_style (key, str)
	if not is_set (str) then
		return &quot;&quot;;
	elseif in_array (key, {'italic-title', 'trans-italic-title'}) then
		str = safe_for_italics (str);
	end

	return substitute (cfg.presentation[key], {str});
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ S E P _ L I S T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

make a separated list of items using provided separators.
	&lt;sep_list&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_pair&gt; - typically '&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;'
	&lt;sep_list_end&gt; - typically '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;and&lt;space&gt;' or '&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;&amp;&lt;space&gt;'

defaults to cfg.presentation['sep_list'], cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'], and cfg.presentation['sep_list_end']
if &lt;sep_list_end&gt; is specified, &lt;sep_list&gt; and &lt;sep_list_pair&gt; must also be supplied

]]

local function make_sep_list (count, list_seq, sep_list, sep_list_pair, sep_list_end)
	local list = '';

	if not sep_list then														-- set the defaults
		sep_list = cfg.presentation['sep_list'];
		sep_list_pair = cfg.presentation['sep_list_pair'];
		sep_list_end = cfg.presentation['sep_list_end'];
	end
	
	if 2 &gt;= count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list_pair);							-- insert separator between two items; returns list_seq[1] then only one item
	elseif 2 &lt; count then
		list = table.concat (list_seq, sep_list, 1, count - 1);					-- concatenate all but last item with plain list separator
		list = table.concat ({list, list_seq[count]}, sep_list_end);			-- concatenate last item onto end of &lt;list&gt; with final separator
	end
	
	return list;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E L E C T _ O N E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Chooses one matching parameter from a list of parameters to consider.  The list of parameters to consider is just
names.  For parameters that may be enumerated, the position of the numerator in the parameter name is identified
by the '#' so |author-last1= and |author1-last= are represented as 'author-last#' and 'author#-last'.

Because enumerated parameter |&lt;param&gt;1= is an alias of |&lt;param&gt;= we must test for both possibilities.


Generates an error if more than one match is present.

]]

local function select_one (args, aliases_list, error_condition, index)
	local value = nil;															-- the value assigned to the selected parameter
	local selected = '';														-- the name of the parameter we have chosen
	local error_list = {};

	if index ~= nil then index = tostring(index); end

	for _, alias in ipairs (aliases_list) do									-- for each alias in the aliases list
		if alias:match ('#') then												-- if this alias can be enumerated
			if '1' == index then												-- when index is 1 test for enumerated and non-enumerated aliases
				value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- first test for non-enumerated alias
			end
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, true, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for enumerated alias
		else
			value, selected = is_alias_used (args, alias, index, false, value, selected, error_list);	-- test for non-enumerated alias
		end
	end

	if #error_list &gt; 0 and 'none' ~= error_condition then						-- for cases where this code is used outside of extract_names()
		for i, v in ipairs (error_list) do
			error_list[i] = wrap_style ('parameter', v);
		end
		table.insert (error_list, wrap_style ('parameter', selected));
		set_message (error_condition, {make_sep_list (#error_list, error_list)});
	end
	
	return value, selected;
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; R E M O V E _ W I K I _ L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------

Gets the display text from a wikilink like [[A|B]] or [[B]] gives B

The str:gsub() returns either A|B froma [[A|B]] or B from [[B]] or B from B (no wikilink markup).

In l(), l:gsub() removes the link and pipe (if they exist); the second :gsub() trims whitespace from the label
if str was wrapped in wikilink markup.  Presumably, this is because without wikimarkup in str, there is no match
in the initial gsub, the replacement function l() doesn't get called.

]=]

local function remove_wiki_link (str)
	return (str:gsub (&quot;%[%[([^%[%]]*)%]%]&quot;, function(l)
		return l:gsub (&quot;^[^|]*|(.*)$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot; ):gsub (&quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;);
	end));
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; I S _ W I K I L I N K &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Determines if str is a wikilink, extracts, and returns the wikilink type, link text, and display text parts.
If str is a complex wikilink ([[L|D]]):
	returns wl_type 2 and D and L from [[L|D]];
if str is a simple wikilink ([[D]])
	returns wl_type 1 and D from [[D]] and L as empty string;
if not a wikilink:
	returns wl_type 0, str as D, and L as empty string.

trims leading and trailing whitespace and pipes from L and D ([[L|]] and [[|D]] are accepted by MediaWiki and
treated like [[D]]; while [[|D|]] is not accepted by MediaWiki, here, we accept it and return D without the pipes).

]=]

local function is_wikilink (str)
	local D, L
	local wl_type = 2;															-- assume that str is a complex wikilink [[L|D]]

	if not str:match ('^%[%[[^%]]+%]%]$') then									-- is str some sort of a wikilink (must have some sort of content)
		return 0, str, '';														-- not a wikilink; return wl_type as 0, str as D, and empty string as L
	end
	
	L, D = str:match ('^%[%[([^|]+)|([^%]]+)%]%]$');							-- get L and D from [[L|D]] 

	if not is_set (D) then														-- if no separate display
		D = str:match ('^%[%[([^%]]*)|*%]%]$');									-- get D from [[D]] or [[D|]]
		wl_type = 1; 
	end
	
	D = mw.text.trim (D, '%s|');												-- trim white space and pipe characters 
	return wl_type, D, L or '';
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T R I P _ A P O S T R O P H E _ M A R K U P &gt;--------------------------------

Strip wiki italic and bold markup from argument so that it doesn't contaminate COinS metadata.
This function strips common patterns of apostrophe markup.  We presume that editors who have taken the time to
markup a title have, as a result, provided valid markup. When they don't, some single apostrophes are left behind.

Returns the argument without wiki markup and a number; the number is more-or-less meaningless except as a flag
to indicate that markup was replaced; do not rely on it as an indicator of how many of any kind of markup was
removed; returns the argument and nil when no markup removed

]]

local function strip_apostrophe_markup (argument)
	if not is_set (argument) then
		return argument, nil;													-- no argument, nothing to do
	end

	if nil == argument:find ( &quot;''&quot;, 1, true ) then								-- Is there at least one double apostrophe?  If not, exit.
		return argument, nil;
	end

	local flag;
	while true do
		if argument:find (&quot;'''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold italic (5)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);					-- remove all instances of it
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic start and end without content (4)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;'''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- bold (3)
			argument, flag=argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		elseif argument:find (&quot;''&quot;, 1, true) then								-- italic (2)
			argument, flag = argument:gsub (&quot;%'%'&quot;, &quot;&quot;);
		else
			break;
		end
	end

	return argument, flag;														-- done
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; S E T _ S E L E C T E D _ M O D U L E S &gt;--------------------------------------

Sets local cfg table to same (live or sandbox) as that used by the other modules.

]]

local function set_selected_modules (cfg_table_ptr)
	cfg = cfg_table_ptr;
	
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	add_maint_cat = add_maint_cat,												-- exported functions
	add_prop_cat = add_prop_cat,
	error_comment = error_comment,
	has_accept_as_written = has_accept_as_written,
	hyphen_to_dash = hyphen_to_dash,
	in_array = in_array,
	is_set = is_set,
	is_wikilink = is_wikilink,
	make_sep_list = make_sep_list,
	make_wikilink = make_wikilink,
	remove_wiki_link = remove_wiki_link,
	safe_for_italics = safe_for_italics,
	select_one = select_one,
	set_message = set_message,
	set_selected_modules = set_selected_modules,
	strip_apostrophe_markup = strip_apostrophe_markup,
	substitute = substitute,
	wrap_style = wrap_style,

	z = z,																		-- exported table
	}</text>
      <sha1>otrlnlcv62xzht51xo52hcix6baeoa8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>کالتوس</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46637</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392086</id>
      <parentid>279463</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:55:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[رج:گیاهون]] حذف شد; [[رج:کالتوس]] اضافه شد با استفاده از [[ویکی‌پدیا:رج‌ساز]]</comment>
      <origin>392086</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="475" sha1="pi2rq12noqnfcgw49ox4h3s0iyo8hz8" xml:space="preserve">[[پرونده:Angophora_hispida_Dwarf_Apple_Gum_IMG_4562_(5770965009).jpg|بندانگشتی]]
'''کالتوس''' یا '''اوکالیپتوس''' هر تی  [[گیاهون|گیائی]] هسه کا  بار دنه و کفسولی هسه و اکالیپتائه فامیل جه بوشه ره گننه.

== منابع ==
کالتوس طبری دله = اکالیپتوس / جواد نجف زاده دیکشنری{{بن‌بنویشت|چپ‌چین=بله}}
[[رج:کالتوس]]</text>
      <sha1>pi2rq12noqnfcgw49ox4h3s0iyo8hz8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>برز کاب پاوجار (فیلم ۱۹۹۱)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>46761</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392068</id>
      <parentid>190054</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:44:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392068</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="488" sha1="rt6rn6ihy48umekyuiazrg0vr3ogpsb" xml:space="preserve">{{صندخ/فیلم
|عکس= File:Tacones lejanos poster.JPG}}
'''''تاکونِس لِخانوس''''' اتا [[ایسپانیا|ایسپانیائی]] فیلم هسه کا ۱۹۹۱ دله مونتشر بویه.

== منابع ==
* {{ویکی منبع|پیوند=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=High_Heels_(film)&amp;redirect=no&amp;oldid=666099956|عنوان=High Heels (film)|زبان=انگلیسی|بازیابی=۱۶ ژوئن ۲۰۱۵}}

[[رج:ایسپانیولی فیلمون]]</text>
      <sha1>rt6rn6ihy48umekyuiazrg0vr3ogpsb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>سی‌ای اروپا</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77214</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392072</id>
      <parentid>390712</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:58:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392072</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1600" sha1="odzxnut9sfkibzt21cm3db8544mrblc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
| clubname =  سی‌ای اروپا
| image = File:Club Esportiu Europa.svg
| image_size = 
| fullname = CE Europa
| shortname = 
| founded = ۲۷۱۳
| ground =[[نو ساردنیا]]
| capacity = 
| chrtitle = 
| chairman =
| mgrtitle = 
| manager = 
| league = [[لالیگا]] 
| season =  
| position = 
| website =  
| pattern_b1 = _europa2526h
| pattern_ra1 = _europa2526h
| pattern_la1 = _europa2526h
| leftarm1 = FFFFFF
| body1 =
| rightarm1 = FFFFFF
| shorts1 = 0000FF
| socks1 = 0000FF
| pattern_la2 = _europa2526a
| pattern_b2 = _europa2526a
| pattern_ra2 = _europa2526a
| leftarm2 = 0000CD
| body2 = 
| rightarm2 = 0000CD
| shorts2 = 0000CD
| socks2 = 0000CD
| pattern_la3 = _europa2526t
| pattern_b3 = _europa2526t
| pattern_ra3 = _europa2526t
| leftarm3 = FF0000
| body3 =
| rightarm3 = FF0000
| shorts3 = FF0000
| socks3 = FF0000
| current =  
}}
'''سی‌ای اروپا''' {{انگلیسی جه|CE Europa }} اتا [[ایسپانیا]] [[فوتوال]] تیم هسته که ات‌گال [[لالیگا]] دله دیّه. این تیم ره ۱۹۰۷ میلادی بساتنه و إسا ونه فوتوال‌زمین [[نو ساردنیا]] هسته که [[تاراگونا]] شهر دله دره.

== منابع ==
{{پانویس|چپ‌چین=بله}}
* {{وب منبع|لینک = https://www.laliga.es/ |عنوان = La Liga |زبان =ایسپانیولی |بازیابی =۳ آگوست ۲۰۲۴}}

== بریم بگردستن ==
{{تلمبار-رج}}
{{لالیگا}}

[[رج:سی‌ای اروپا| ]]
[[رج:ایسپانیا فوتوال تیمون]]</text>
      <sha1>odzxnut9sfkibzt21cm3db8544mrblc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>اوکالیپتوس</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>112688</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392087</id>
      <parentid>390979</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:55:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[رج:دارون]] حذف شد; [[رج:کالتوس]] اضافه شد با استفاده از [[ویکی‌پدیا:رج‌ساز]]</comment>
      <origin>392087</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="690" sha1="hk3dpv38tf8kp1j4f8ol8qk8vqi3e9b" xml:space="preserve">{{صندخ/موجود}}
'''کالتوس'''&lt;ref&gt;{{کتاب منبع | عنوان = واژه نامه مازندرانی| نام خانوادگی = نجف زاده بارفروش| نام = محمدباقر|  ناشر= نشر بلخ| شهر = نیشابور| سال = 1368 | صفحه = 209}}&lt;/ref&gt;  یا '''اوکالیپتوس''' ۷۰۰ جور [[دار]] نوم هسته که [[استرالیا]] دله بومی بینه و اینتا کشورِ ویشته جنگل ره دکاشت هستنه. إسا دنیا دله ونه قلم تنک بیّه. وه خله خاصیت دارنه و ونه چو ویشته مصرف دارنه.

== منابع ==
{{په‌نویس|2}}

[[رج:کالتوس]]</text>
      <sha1>hk3dpv38tf8kp1j4f8ol8qk8vqi3e9b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ارکستر فیلارمونیک مازندران</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>114226</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392070</id>
      <parentid>326907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:54:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392070</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2771" sha1="a6sbwyx38r3070hw60mg3frn5qevipw" xml:space="preserve">'''ارکستر فیلارمونیک مازندران''' که ونه قدیمی نوم '''ارکستر فیلارمونیک سونات''' بی‌یه، اتا ارکستر [[ساری]] دله هسه که [[محسن بافنده]] وه ره بساته و رهبری کنه .&lt;ref name=&quot;honaronline.ir&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نشانی=http://www.honaronline.ir/بخش-اخبار-66/51929-تندیس-سونات-برای-موسیقی-مازندران-تبریک-مدیرکل-ارشاد|عنوان= تندیس سونات برای موسیقی مازندران، خبرگزاری هنرآنلاین}}&lt;/ref&gt;
این ارکستر [[پیوری]] (بخش کُر) هم داینه. ارکستر و پیوری اتا اجرا داشتنه که ونه نوم ''[[مازندران]]'' بی‌یه که [[محمدرضا درویشی]] (دی ۹۵) إجرا په، ونه نوم ره تغییر هدانه و ارکستر فیلارمونیک مازندران بی‌یشتنه که ونه پیشنهاد ره محمدرضا درویشی هدا.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicema&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نشانی=http://www.musicema.com/node/306415|عنوان= اجرای قطعاتی از محمدرضا درویشی، پایگاه خبری موسیقی ما}}&lt;/ref&gt;

اینتا ارکستر جشنواره‌یِ بیست و نهمین دوره (بهمن۹۱) سوم بیه ولی جشنواره سی‌اُمین دوره (بهمن۹۲) گروهی بخونستنِ رقابتی بخش دله اول بیه.&lt;ref name=&quot;honaronline.ir&quot; /&gt;
اینتا ارکستر دله هم مازرونی و هم غیرمازرونی خونش‌کر دئینه؛ [[وحید تاج]] واری.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicema.com&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نشانی=http://www.musicema.com/node/186462|عنوان= اجرا با وحید تاج، پایگاه خبری موسیقی ما}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;farsnews.com&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب|نشانی=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940706000436|عنوان=کنسرت ارکستر و کر فیلارمونیک سونات با وحید تاج، خبرگزاری فارس|بازبینی=۱۸ فوریه ۲۰۱۸|archive-date=۲۰ فوریه ۲۰۱۸|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033421/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940706000436|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; و مازرون دانشگاهون هم اجرا هاکرده؛ [[دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل]]، دانشگاه آزاد قائم‌شهر و دانشگاه فرهنگ وهنر [[ساری]] واری.

== بریم بگردستن ==
* [https://www.instagram.com/mazandaranchoir/?hl=en/ صفحه رسمی کر فیلارمونیک مازندران]

== منابع ==
{{پانویس|۲}}

[[رج:مازرون موسیقی]]
[[رج:فلارمونیک]]
[[رج:ایران ارکسترون]]</text>
      <sha1>a6sbwyx38r3070hw60mg3frn5qevipw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392071</id>
      <parentid>392070</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:55:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[رج:مازرون موسیقی]] حذف شد; [[رج:مازرون موسیقی گروهون]] اضافه شد با استفاده از [[ویکی‌پدیا:رج‌ساز]]</comment>
      <origin>392071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2784" sha1="dl69wx24pwji9jpkzeq30e7nospzz94" xml:space="preserve">'''ارکستر فیلارمونیک مازندران''' که ونه قدیمی نوم '''ارکستر فیلارمونیک سونات''' بی‌یه، اتا ارکستر [[ساری]] دله هسه که [[محسن بافنده]] وه ره بساته و رهبری کنه .&lt;ref name=&quot;honaronline.ir&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نشانی=http://www.honaronline.ir/بخش-اخبار-66/51929-تندیس-سونات-برای-موسیقی-مازندران-تبریک-مدیرکل-ارشاد|عنوان= تندیس سونات برای موسیقی مازندران، خبرگزاری هنرآنلاین}}&lt;/ref&gt;
این ارکستر [[پیوری]] (بخش کُر) هم داینه. ارکستر و پیوری اتا اجرا داشتنه که ونه نوم ''[[مازندران]]'' بی‌یه که [[محمدرضا درویشی]] (دی ۹۵) إجرا په، ونه نوم ره تغییر هدانه و ارکستر فیلارمونیک مازندران بی‌یشتنه که ونه پیشنهاد ره محمدرضا درویشی هدا.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicema&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نشانی=http://www.musicema.com/node/306415|عنوان= اجرای قطعاتی از محمدرضا درویشی، پایگاه خبری موسیقی ما}}&lt;/ref&gt;

اینتا ارکستر جشنواره‌یِ بیست و نهمین دوره (بهمن۹۱) سوم بیه ولی جشنواره سی‌اُمین دوره (بهمن۹۲) گروهی بخونستنِ رقابتی بخش دله اول بیه.&lt;ref name=&quot;honaronline.ir&quot; /&gt;
اینتا ارکستر دله هم مازرونی و هم غیرمازرونی خونش‌کر دئینه؛ [[وحید تاج]] واری.&lt;ref name=&quot;musicema.com&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب |نشانی=http://www.musicema.com/node/186462|عنوان= اجرا با وحید تاج، پایگاه خبری موسیقی ما}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;farsnews.com&quot;&gt;{{یادکرد وب|نشانی=http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940706000436|عنوان=کنسرت ارکستر و کر فیلارمونیک سونات با وحید تاج، خبرگزاری فارس|بازبینی=۱۸ فوریه ۲۰۱۸|archive-date=۲۰ فوریه ۲۰۱۸|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180220033421/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940706000436|dead-url=yes}}&lt;/ref&gt; و مازرون دانشگاهون هم اجرا هاکرده؛ [[دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بابل]]، دانشگاه آزاد قائم‌شهر و دانشگاه فرهنگ وهنر [[ساری]] واری.

== بریم بگردستن ==
* [https://www.instagram.com/mazandaranchoir/?hl=en/ صفحه رسمی کر فیلارمونیک مازندران]

== منابع ==
{{پانویس|۲}}

[[رج:مازرون موسیقی گروهون]]
[[رج:فلارمونیک]]
[[رج:ایران ارکسترون]]</text>
      <sha1>dl69wx24pwji9jpkzeq30e7nospzz94</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ادونچرلند</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172601</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392057</id>
      <parentid>392050</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:32:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>392057</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="699" sha1="ij2pskam9gr77me7cg4g2a184x3w0vq" xml:space="preserve">{{صندخ/فیلم
|عکس= File:Adventurelandposter.jpg
}}
'''ادونچرلند''' اتا آمریکایی رؤمانتیک فیلم هسته که ۲۰۰۹ سال شىنه. 

ونه آسنی اتا ریکا ([[جسی آیزنبرگ]] نقش) و اتا کیجا ([[کریستین استوارت|کریستن استوارت]] نقش) خَوری هسته که اتا تابستون، پارک دله کارگری کنّه تا پول‌جیف دربیارن و دانشگاه بورن...

== منابع ==
{{په‌نویس}}

&lt;!--- رج‌ئون: ---&gt;
[[رج:۲۰۰۹ فیلمون]]
[[رج:تینیجری فیلمون]]
[[رج:رومانتیک فیلمون]]
[[رج: آمریکایی فیلمون]]</text>
      <sha1>ij2pskam9gr77me7cg4g2a184x3w0vq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>کارور گپ:کیان بیمه</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>172603</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392053</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:31:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>اتا نو ولگ بساته که ونه دله «{{خش بیمونی|--~~~~}}» دره</comment>
      <origin>392053</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="191" sha1="kal3kxxc2z2ngfpjz5xhl28baortosc" xml:space="preserve">{{خش بیمونی|--[[کارور:محک|&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:IranNastaliq;&quot;&gt;محک&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;sup&gt;[[کارور گپ:محک|گپ]]&lt;/sup&gt; ۸ آگوست ۲۰۲۶، ساعت ۲۱:۳۱ (UTC)}}</text>
      <sha1>kal3kxxc2z2ngfpjz5xhl28baortosc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>پرونده:Adventurelandposter.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>172604</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392054</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T01:16:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Jevansen</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>+ [[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</comment>
      <origin>392054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="659" sha1="0e89bwr4m5uu11qky8tb4ii5eyazz0w" xml:space="preserve">{{Non-free use rationale
| Description       = Theatrical poster for ''[[Adventureland (film)|Adventureland]]'', Copyright © 2008 by Miramax Films.  All Rights Reserved.
| Source            = [http://www.impawards.com/2009/adventureland.html Impawards.com]
| Article           = Adventureland (film)
| Portion           = Small portion of commercial product
| Low_resolution    = Yes
| Purpose           = Serves as &quot;cover art&quot; to identify the article's topic
| Replaceability    = No
| other_information = 
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2000s American film posters}}

[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</text>
      <sha1>0e89bwr4m5uu11qky8tb4ii5eyazz0w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392055</id>
      <parentid>392054</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:32:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>۱ نسخه واردشده از [[:en:File:Adventurelandposter.jpg]]</comment>
      <origin>392054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="659" sha1="0e89bwr4m5uu11qky8tb4ii5eyazz0w" xml:space="preserve">{{Non-free use rationale
| Description       = Theatrical poster for ''[[Adventureland (film)|Adventureland]]'', Copyright © 2008 by Miramax Films.  All Rights Reserved.
| Source            = [http://www.impawards.com/2009/adventureland.html Impawards.com]
| Article           = Adventureland (film)
| Portion           = Small portion of commercial product
| Low_resolution    = Yes
| Purpose           = Serves as &quot;cover art&quot; to identify the article's topic
| Replaceability    = No
| other_information = 
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2000s American film posters}}

[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</text>
      <sha1>0e89bwr4m5uu11qky8tb4ii5eyazz0w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392056</id>
      <parentid>392055</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:32:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>محک [[پرونده:Adventurelandposter.jpg]] ره بار بی‌یشته</comment>
      <origin>392054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="659" sha1="0e89bwr4m5uu11qky8tb4ii5eyazz0w" xml:space="preserve">{{Non-free use rationale
| Description       = Theatrical poster for ''[[Adventureland (film)|Adventureland]]'', Copyright © 2008 by Miramax Films.  All Rights Reserved.
| Source            = [http://www.impawards.com/2009/adventureland.html Impawards.com]
| Article           = Adventureland (film)
| Portion           = Small portion of commercial product
| Low_resolution    = Yes
| Purpose           = Serves as &quot;cover art&quot; to identify the article's topic
| Replaceability    = No
| other_information = 
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2000s American film posters}}

[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</text>
      <sha1>0e89bwr4m5uu11qky8tb4ii5eyazz0w</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>پرونده:Camp X-Ray - Movie Poster.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>172605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392059</id>
      <timestamp>2026-02-24T02:05:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;Jevansen</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>+ [[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</comment>
      <origin>392059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="569" sha1="4kcs2ueq7tbyac6d4o3e22t6cxkddni" xml:space="preserve">==Summary==
{{Non-free use rationale 2
|Description = Official movie poster for the film Camp X-Ray.
|Source = http://www.ifcfilms.com/films/camp-x-ray
|Author = IFC Films
|Article = Camp X-Ray (film)
|Purpose = to serve as the primary means of visual identification at the top of the article dedicated to the work in question.
|Replaceability = n.a.
|Minimality = To be used as primary visual mean.
|Commercial = n.a.
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2010s American film posters}}

[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</text>
      <sha1>4kcs2ueq7tbyac6d4o3e22t6cxkddni</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392060</id>
      <parentid>392059</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:37:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>۱ نسخه واردشده از [[:en:File:Camp_X-Ray_-_Movie_Poster.jpg]]</comment>
      <origin>392059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="569" sha1="4kcs2ueq7tbyac6d4o3e22t6cxkddni" xml:space="preserve">==Summary==
{{Non-free use rationale 2
|Description = Official movie poster for the film Camp X-Ray.
|Source = http://www.ifcfilms.com/films/camp-x-ray
|Author = IFC Films
|Article = Camp X-Ray (film)
|Purpose = to serve as the primary means of visual identification at the top of the article dedicated to the work in question.
|Replaceability = n.a.
|Minimality = To be used as primary visual mean.
|Commercial = n.a.
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2010s American film posters}}

[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</text>
      <sha1>4kcs2ueq7tbyac6d4o3e22t6cxkddni</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392061</id>
      <parentid>392060</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:37:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>محک [[پرونده:Camp X-Ray - Movie Poster.jpg]] ره بار بی‌یشته</comment>
      <origin>392059</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="569" sha1="4kcs2ueq7tbyac6d4o3e22t6cxkddni" xml:space="preserve">==Summary==
{{Non-free use rationale 2
|Description = Official movie poster for the film Camp X-Ray.
|Source = http://www.ifcfilms.com/films/camp-x-ray
|Author = IFC Films
|Article = Camp X-Ray (film)
|Purpose = to serve as the primary means of visual identification at the top of the article dedicated to the work in question.
|Replaceability = n.a.
|Minimality = To be used as primary visual mean.
|Commercial = n.a.
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2010s American film posters}}

[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]</text>
      <sha1>4kcs2ueq7tbyac6d4o3e22t6cxkddni</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>کمپ ایکس-ری</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172606</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392062</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:38:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>اتا نو ولگ بساته که ونه دله «{{صندخ/فیلم |عکس= File:Camp X-Ray - Movie Poster.jpg }} '''کمپ ایکس-ری'''  (انگلیسی جه: Camp X-Ray ) اتا آمریکایی فیلم هسته که ۲۰۱۴ سال شىنه. [[پیتر ستلر]] وه ره کارگردونی هاکرد بی‌یه.  اتا مسلمون مردی ([[پیمان معادی]] نقش) ره وَرنه [[گوآنتانامو]] زندون دله و اونجه اتا نگهبان...» دره</comment>
      <origin>392062</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="732" sha1="dfhakuopln7i6p2w1lc2tolvb49ugmg" xml:space="preserve">{{صندخ/فیلم
|عکس= File:Camp X-Ray - Movie Poster.jpg
}}
'''کمپ ایکس-ری'''  (انگلیسی جه: Camp X-Ray ) اتا آمریکایی فیلم هسته که ۲۰۱۴ سال شىنه. [[پیتر ستلر]] وه ره کارگردونی هاکرد بی‌یه.

اتا مسلمون مردی ([[پیمان معادی]] نقش) ره وَرنه [[گوآنتانامو]] زندون دله و اونجه اتا نگهبان ([[کریستین استوارت|کریستن استوارت]] نقش) ونجه نزدیک وونه و همدردی کنده...

== منابع ==
{{په‌نویس}}

&lt;!--- رج‌ئون: ---&gt;
[[رج:۲۰۱۴ فیلمون]]
[[رج:جنایی فیلمون]]
[[رج: آمریکایی فیلمون]]</text>
      <sha1>dfhakuopln7i6p2w1lc2tolvb49ugmg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>پرونده:Thalia Marimar,.jpg</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>172607</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392063</id>
      <timestamp>2024-07-03T18:47:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;TAnthony</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Licensing */Image category</comment>
      <origin>392063</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1461" sha1="sycosx5io2k7f30vzbp1nlzyjzzg4eh" xml:space="preserve">{{Non-free use rationale 
|Description    = DVD packaging art for ''[[Marimar (Mexican TV series)|Marimar]]''
|Source         = Uploaded by [[User:OriginalCyn3000|OriginalCyn3000]]
|Portion        = Entire image
|Low_resolution = Because the image is provided at a low resolution inappropriate for re-printing the DVD cover, its usage on Wikipedia does not pose a problem of aiding media piracy (the re-printing of covers to accompany pirated discs), or make it so that the copyright holder could not in the future successfully re-sell the image as a print or poster on its own.
|Purpose        = Used as the primary means of identifying a [[telenovela]] in the article about that novela.
|Article        = Marimar (Mexican TV series)
|Replaceability = Copyrighted series, no free images exist.
|other_information = 
*The article for which this use occurs is purely educational in nature and, thus, is non-commercial. 
*The cover of the media is not the &quot;content&quot; specifically being sold by the publisher of the media. 
*The market for the original DVD product will not be diminished by this use of the image. In fact, this use is likely to encourage the increased legitimate sales of said DVDs. 
*Digital versions of this image have been previously published on numerous websites, so this use on Wikipedia does not make the image significantly more accessible.}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free video cover|image has rationale=yes|Mexican telenovela video covers}}</text>
      <sha1>sycosx5io2k7f30vzbp1nlzyjzzg4eh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392064</id>
      <parentid>392063</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:42:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>۱ نسخه واردشده از [[:en:File:Thalia_Marimar,.jpg]]</comment>
      <origin>392063</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1461" sha1="sycosx5io2k7f30vzbp1nlzyjzzg4eh" xml:space="preserve">{{Non-free use rationale 
|Description    = DVD packaging art for ''[[Marimar (Mexican TV series)|Marimar]]''
|Source         = Uploaded by [[User:OriginalCyn3000|OriginalCyn3000]]
|Portion        = Entire image
|Low_resolution = Because the image is provided at a low resolution inappropriate for re-printing the DVD cover, its usage on Wikipedia does not pose a problem of aiding media piracy (the re-printing of covers to accompany pirated discs), or make it so that the copyright holder could not in the future successfully re-sell the image as a print or poster on its own.
|Purpose        = Used as the primary means of identifying a [[telenovela]] in the article about that novela.
|Article        = Marimar (Mexican TV series)
|Replaceability = Copyrighted series, no free images exist.
|other_information = 
*The article for which this use occurs is purely educational in nature and, thus, is non-commercial. 
*The cover of the media is not the &quot;content&quot; specifically being sold by the publisher of the media. 
*The market for the original DVD product will not be diminished by this use of the image. In fact, this use is likely to encourage the increased legitimate sales of said DVDs. 
*Digital versions of this image have been previously published on numerous websites, so this use on Wikipedia does not make the image significantly more accessible.}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free video cover|image has rationale=yes|Mexican telenovela video covers}}</text>
      <sha1>sycosx5io2k7f30vzbp1nlzyjzzg4eh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392065</id>
      <parentid>392064</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:42:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>محک [[پرونده:Thalia Marimar,.jpg]] ره بار بی‌یشته</comment>
      <origin>392063</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1461" sha1="sycosx5io2k7f30vzbp1nlzyjzzg4eh" xml:space="preserve">{{Non-free use rationale 
|Description    = DVD packaging art for ''[[Marimar (Mexican TV series)|Marimar]]''
|Source         = Uploaded by [[User:OriginalCyn3000|OriginalCyn3000]]
|Portion        = Entire image
|Low_resolution = Because the image is provided at a low resolution inappropriate for re-printing the DVD cover, its usage on Wikipedia does not pose a problem of aiding media piracy (the re-printing of covers to accompany pirated discs), or make it so that the copyright holder could not in the future successfully re-sell the image as a print or poster on its own.
|Purpose        = Used as the primary means of identifying a [[telenovela]] in the article about that novela.
|Article        = Marimar (Mexican TV series)
|Replaceability = Copyrighted series, no free images exist.
|other_information = 
*The article for which this use occurs is purely educational in nature and, thus, is non-commercial. 
*The cover of the media is not the &quot;content&quot; specifically being sold by the publisher of the media. 
*The market for the original DVD product will not be diminished by this use of the image. In fact, this use is likely to encourage the increased legitimate sales of said DVDs. 
*Digital versions of this image have been previously published on numerous websites, so this use on Wikipedia does not make the image significantly more accessible.}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free video cover|image has rationale=yes|Mexican telenovela video covers}}</text>
      <sha1>sycosx5io2k7f30vzbp1nlzyjzzg4eh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>پرونده:Tacones lejanos poster.JPG</title>
    <ns>6</ns>
    <id>172608</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392066</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-01T03:26:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>en&gt;TAnthony</username>
        <id>0</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Add image category (LGBTQ) (via [[WP:JWB]])</comment>
      <origin>392066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="989" sha1="16s4zule82k1vwms59wqw27iuckqgw6" xml:space="preserve">== Summary ==
{{Non-free use rationale poster|Media=film
| Article           = High Heels (1991 film)
| Use               = Infobox
&lt;!-- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION --&gt;
| Name              = High Heels
| Distributor       = El Deseo S.A
| Publisher         = 
| Type              = 
| Website           = 
| Owner             = 
| Commentary        = 
&lt;!--OVERRIDE FIELDS --&gt;
| Description       = Poster for the film ''Tacones lejanos'' (''[[High Heels (1991 film)|High Heels]]'')
| Source            = [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103030/mediaviewer/rm4025935616/ IMDb]
| Portion           = 
| Low_resolution    = 
| Purpose           = &lt;!-- Must be specified if Use is not Infobox / Header / Section / Artist --&gt;
| Replaceability    = 
| other_information = 
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image_has_rationale=yes|1990s Spanish film posters}}
[[Category:1990s French film posters]]
[[Category:French LGBTQ-related film posters]]
[[Category:Spanish LGBTQ-related film posters]]</text>
      <sha1>16s4zule82k1vwms59wqw27iuckqgw6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392067</id>
      <parentid>392066</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:43:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>۱ نسخه واردشده از [[:en:File:Tacones_lejanos_poster.JPG]]</comment>
      <origin>392066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="989" sha1="16s4zule82k1vwms59wqw27iuckqgw6" xml:space="preserve">== Summary ==
{{Non-free use rationale poster|Media=film
| Article           = High Heels (1991 film)
| Use               = Infobox
&lt;!-- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION --&gt;
| Name              = High Heels
| Distributor       = El Deseo S.A
| Publisher         = 
| Type              = 
| Website           = 
| Owner             = 
| Commentary        = 
&lt;!--OVERRIDE FIELDS --&gt;
| Description       = Poster for the film ''Tacones lejanos'' (''[[High Heels (1991 film)|High Heels]]'')
| Source            = [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103030/mediaviewer/rm4025935616/ IMDb]
| Portion           = 
| Low_resolution    = 
| Purpose           = &lt;!-- Must be specified if Use is not Infobox / Header / Section / Artist --&gt;
| Replaceability    = 
| other_information = 
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image_has_rationale=yes|1990s Spanish film posters}}
[[Category:1990s French film posters]]
[[Category:French LGBTQ-related film posters]]
[[Category:Spanish LGBTQ-related film posters]]</text>
      <sha1>16s4zule82k1vwms59wqw27iuckqgw6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>392069</id>
      <parentid>392067</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T21:44:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>محک [[پرونده:Tacones lejanos poster.JPG]] ره بار بی‌یشته</comment>
      <origin>392066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="989" sha1="16s4zule82k1vwms59wqw27iuckqgw6" xml:space="preserve">== Summary ==
{{Non-free use rationale poster|Media=film
| Article           = High Heels (1991 film)
| Use               = Infobox
&lt;!-- ADDITIONAL INFORMATION --&gt;
| Name              = High Heels
| Distributor       = El Deseo S.A
| Publisher         = 
| Type              = 
| Website           = 
| Owner             = 
| Commentary        = 
&lt;!--OVERRIDE FIELDS --&gt;
| Description       = Poster for the film ''Tacones lejanos'' (''[[High Heels (1991 film)|High Heels]]'')
| Source            = [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103030/mediaviewer/rm4025935616/ IMDb]
| Portion           = 
| Low_resolution    = 
| Purpose           = &lt;!-- Must be specified if Use is not Infobox / Header / Section / Artist --&gt;
| Replaceability    = 
| other_information = 
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image_has_rationale=yes|1990s Spanish film posters}}
[[Category:1990s French film posters]]
[[Category:French LGBTQ-related film posters]]
[[Category:Spanish LGBTQ-related film posters]]</text>
      <sha1>16s4zule82k1vwms59wqw27iuckqgw6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>نمدار (جنس)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172609</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392073</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:01:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>اتا نو ولگ بساته که ونه دله «{{صندخ/موجود}} '''نم‌دار''' یا '''نرمدار''' {{علمی نوم| Tilia}} اتا [[دار]] [[جنس]] هسته که [[نمدار]] ونه شناسا گونه نوم هم هسته.  == منابع == {{په‌نویس}}  {{گیاهون-پچیک}} &lt;!--- رج‌ئون: ---&gt; [[رج:دارون]]» دره</comment>
      <origin>392073</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="312" sha1="p3kdpggqhzlykcflkk9n7gfy28tutrd" xml:space="preserve">{{صندخ/موجود}}
'''نم‌دار''' یا '''نرمدار''' {{علمی نوم| Tilia}} اتا [[دار]] [[جنس]] هسته که [[نمدار]] ونه شناسا گونه نوم هم هسته.

== منابع ==
{{په‌نویس}}

{{گیاهون-پچیک}}
&lt;!--- رج‌ئون: ---&gt;
[[رج:دارون]]</text>
      <sha1>p3kdpggqhzlykcflkk9n7gfy28tutrd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ماژول:Iucn</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>172610</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392074</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-08T23:06:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>اتا نو ولگ بساته که ونه دله «require('strict'); local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;   --[[--------------------------&lt; I U C N _ I D E N T I F I E R S _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------  cs1|2 templates cite single sources;  when the identifiers in |doi=, |id=, and |page= are different from each other then the template is attempting to cite multiple sources.  This function evaluates the identifier portions of these parameters. ret...» دره</comment>
      <origin>392074</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="15170" sha1="mv4mxacvc7h58lwj7rskfofznsvriy0" xml:space="preserve">require('strict');
local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;


--[[--------------------------&lt; I U C N _ I D E N T I F I E R S _ G E T &gt;--------------------------------------

cs1|2 templates cite single sources;  when the identifiers in |doi=, |id=, and |page= are different from each other
then the template is attempting to cite multiple sources.  This function evaluates the identifier portions of these
parameters. returns seven values: identifyier parts (or nil when parameter not used) and a message (nil on success,
error message else)

the identifier portions of the several parameters must be properly formed

]]

local function iucn_identifiers_get (args)
	local doi_taxon_ID, doi_assesment_ID
	local page_taxon_ID, page_assesment_ID
	local id_taxon_ID, id_assesment_ID
	local url_taxon_ID, url_assesment_ID
	local msg
	
	if args.doi then
		doi_taxon_ID, doi_assesment_ID = args.doi:match ('[Tt](%d+)[Aa](%d+)%.en$')
		if not doi_taxon_ID then
			msg = 'malformed |doi= identifier'
		end
	end
	if args.page then
		page_taxon_ID, page_assesment_ID = args.page:match ('^[eE]%.[Tt](%d+)[Aa](%d+)$')
		if not page_taxon_ID then
			msg = 'malformed |page= identifier'
		end
	end
	if args.id then
		id_taxon_ID, id_assesment_ID = args.id:match ('^(%d+)/(%d+)$')
		if not id_taxon_ID then
			msg = 'malformed |id= identifier'
		end
	end
	if args.url then
		if args.url:match ('https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/') then			-- must be a 'new-form' url
			url_taxon_ID, url_assesment_ID = args.url:match ('/species/(%d+)/(%d+)')
			if not url_taxon_ID then
				msg = 'malformed |url= identifier'
			end
		end
	end

	if not msg then
		if doi_taxon_ID and page_taxon_ID then
			if not (doi_taxon_ID == page_taxon_ID and doi_assesment_ID == page_assesment_ID) then
				msg = '|doi= / |page= mismatch'
			end
		end
		if doi_taxon_ID and id_taxon_ID then
			if not (doi_taxon_ID == id_taxon_ID and doi_assesment_ID == id_assesment_ID) then
				msg = '|doi= / |id= mismatch'
			end
		end
		if doi_taxon_ID and url_taxon_ID then
			if not (doi_taxon_ID == url_taxon_ID and doi_assesment_ID == url_assesment_ID) then
				msg = '|doi= / |url= mismatch'
			end
		end
		
		if page_taxon_ID and id_taxon_ID then
			if not (page_taxon_ID == id_taxon_ID and page_assesment_ID == id_assesment_ID) then
				msg = '|page= / |id= mismatch'
			end
		end
		if page_taxon_ID and url_taxon_ID then
			if not (page_taxon_ID == url_taxon_ID and page_assesment_ID == url_assesment_ID) then
				msg = '|page= / |url= mismatch'
			end
		end

		if id_taxon_ID and url_taxon_ID then
			if not (id_taxon_ID == url_taxon_ID and id_assesment_ID == url_assesment_ID) then
				msg = '|id= / |url= mismatch'
			end
		end
	end

	if msg then
		msg = '&lt;span class=&quot;error&quot; style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot;&gt;{{cite iucn}}: error: ' .. msg .. ' ([[Template:Cite iucn|help]])&lt;/span&gt;'
	end
	
	return doi_taxon_ID, doi_assesment_ID, page_taxon_ID, page_assesment_ID, id_taxon_ID, id_assesment_ID, msg
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I U C N _ V O L U M E _ C H E C K &gt;--------------------------------------------

compares volume in |volume= (if present) against year in |date= or |year= (if present) against volume in |doi= (if present)

returns nil if all that are present are correct; message else

]]

local function iucn_volume_check (args)
	local vol = args.volume;
	local date = args.date or args.year;
	local doi = args.doi and args.doi:match ('[Ii][Uu][Cc][Nn]%.[Uu][Kk]%.(%d%d%d%d)')
	local msg
	
	if vol and date then
		msg = (vol ~= date) and '|volume= / |date= mismatch' or msg
	end
	if vol and doi then
		msg = (vol ~= doi) and '|volume= / |doi= mismatch' or msg
	end
	if date and doi then
		msg = (doi ~= date) and '|date= / |doi= mismatch' or msg
	end
	
	return msg
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------------

Wraps {{cite journal}}:
     takes cite journal parameters but updates old style url using electronic page number
     page should be in format e.T13922A45199653
     the url uses                13922/45199653
     so we need to extract the number between T and A (taxon ID) and the number after A (assessment ID)
     the target url is https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13922/45199653
     usage: {{#invoke:iucn|cite}}
     template: {{Template:Cite iucn}}

]]

local function cite (frame)
	local error_msgs = {};														-- holds error messages for rendering
	local maint_msgs = {};														-- holds hidden maint messages for rendering
	local namespace = mw.title.getCurrentTitle().namespace;						-- used for categorization
	local args = getArgs (frame);												-- local copy of template arguments

	local missing_title = not args.title										-- special case that results from script writing {{cite iucn}} template from bare iucn url
																				-- don't duplicate cs1|2 error message; don't duplicate {{cite iucn}} error cat
																				-- TODO: remove this when the error category has been cleared of missing title errors

	local doi_taxon_ID, doi_assesment_ID										-- all of these contain the same identifying info in slightly
	local page_taxon_ID, page_assesment_ID										-- different forms. when any combination of these is present,
	local id_taxon_ID, id_assesment_ID											-- they must all agree
	local msg																	-- this holds error messages; nil on success

	doi_taxon_ID, doi_assesment_ID, page_taxon_ID, page_assesment_ID, id_taxon_ID, id_assesment_ID, msg = iucn_identifiers_get (args);
	if msg then
		table.insert (error_msgs, msg);											-- malformed or mismatched identifiers
	end
	args.id = nil																-- unset; no longer needed if it was set

	local url_taxon_ID = page_taxon_ID or id_taxon_ID or doi_taxon_ID;			-- select for use in url that we will create
	local url_assesment_ID = page_assesment_ID or id_assesment_ID or doi_assesment_ID
	
	local url = args.url
	if url then
		if url:find ('iucnredlist.org/details/', 1, true) then					-- old-form url
			if url_taxon_ID then												-- when there is an identifier
				url = nil														-- unset; we'll create new url below
			else																-- here when old-form but no identifier that we can use to create new url
				args.url = args.url:gsub (&quot;http:&quot;, &quot;https:&quot;)					-- sometimes works with redirect on iucn site
			end
			table.insert (maint_msgs, 'old-form url')							-- announce that this template has has an old-form url
		elseif url:find ('iucnredlist.org/species/', 1, true) then				-- new-form url
--			table.insert (maint_msgs, 'new-form url')				--TODO: restore this line when most new-form urls have been removed from article space		-- announce that this template has has an new-form url
		else
			table.insert (maint_msgs, 'unknown url')							-- announce that this template has has some sort of url we don't recognize
		end
	end

	if not url then																-- when no url or unset old-form url
		if url_taxon_ID then
			args.url = &quot;https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/&quot; .. url_taxon_ID .. '/' .. url_assesment_ID
		else
			table.insert (maint_msgs, 'no identifier')							-- TODO: raise this to  error status?
		end
	end

	-- add journal if not provided (TODO decide if this should override provided value)
	if not args['journal'] and not args['work'] then
		args['journal'] = &quot;[[فهرست سرخ آی‌یوسی‌ان|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]&quot;
	end

	args.publisher = '[[اتحادیه بین‌المللی حفاظت از طبیعت|IUCN]]'	-- do this here so the templates don't have to
	
	msg = iucn_volume_check (args);												-- |volume=, |year= (|date=), |doi= must all refer to the same volume
	if msg then
		table.insert (maint_msgs, msg);
	end

	if not args.volume and (args.year or args.date) then
		args.volume = args.year or args.date
	end
																				-- add free-to-read icon to mark a correctly formed doi
	args['doi-access'] = args.doi and args.doi:match ('10%.2305/[Ii][Uu][Cc][Nn].+[Tt]%d+[Aa]%d+%.[Ee][Nn]') and 'free' or nil
		
	return frame:expandTemplate{ title = 'cite journal', args = args } ..							-- the template
		(((0 == #error_msgs) and missing_title) and ('[[رده:خطاهای وبگاه آی‌یوسی‌ان]]') or '') ..		-- special case to not duplicate cs1|2 err msg or cite iucn error cat
		((0 &lt; #error_msgs) and table.concat (error_msgs, ', ') or '') ..							-- the error messages
		(((0 &lt; #error_msgs) and (0 == namespace)) and ('[[رده:خطاهای وبگاه آی‌یوسی‌ان]]') or '') ..	-- error category when in mainspace
		((0 &lt; #maint_msgs) and ('&lt;span class=&quot;citation-comment&quot; style=&quot;display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-right: 0.3em;&quot;&gt;' .. table.concat (maint_msgs, ', ') .. '&lt;/span&gt;') or '') ..	-- the maint messages
		(((0 &lt; #maint_msgs) and (0 == namespace)) and ('[[رده:نگهداری وبگاه آی‌یوسی‌ان]]') or '')		-- maint category when in mainspace
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; A U T H O R _ L I S T _ M A K E &gt;----------------------------------------------

creates a list of individual |authorn= parameters from the list of names provided in the raw iucn citation.  names
must have the form: Surname, I. (more than one 'I.' pair allowed but no spaces between I. pairs)

assumes that parenthetical text at the end of the author-name-list is a collaboration
	Name, I.I., &amp; Name, I.I. (Colaboration name)

]]

local function author_names_get (raw_iucn_cite)
	local list = {};															-- table that holds name list parts
	local author_names = raw_iucn_cite:match ('^([^%d]-)%s+%d%d%d%d');			-- extract author name-list from raw iucn citation
	local collaboration = author_names:match ('%s*(%b())$');					-- get collaboration name if it exists

	if collaboration then														-- when there is a colaboration
		collaboration = collaboration:gsub ('[%(%)]', '');						-- remove bounding parentheses
		author_names = author_names:gsub ('%s*(%b())$', '');					-- and remove collaboration from author-name-list
	end
	
	local names = author_names:gsub ('%.?,?%s+&amp;%s+', '.|'):gsub ('%.,%s+', '.|');	-- replace 'separators' (&lt;dot&gt;&lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt; and &lt;opt. dot&gt;&lt;opt. comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;&lt;ampersand&gt;&lt;space&gt;) with &lt;dot&gt;&lt;pipe&gt;
	list = mw.text.split (names, '|');											-- split the string on the pipes into entries in list{}
	
	if 0 == #list then
		return table.concat ({'|author=', author_names})						-- no 'names' of the proper form; return the original as a single |author= parameter
	else
		for i, name in ipairs (list) do											-- spin through the list and 
--			list[i] = table.concat ({'|author', i, '=', name});					-- add |authorn= parameter names
			list[i] = table.concat ({'|author', (i == 1) and '' or i, '=', name});	-- add |authorn= parameter names; create |author= instead of |author1=
		end
		if collaboration then
			table.insert (list, table.concat ({'|collaboration', '=', collaboration}));	-- add |collaboration= parameter
		end
		return table.concat (list, ' ');										-- make a big string and return that
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; T I T L E _ G E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------

extract and format citation title; attempts to get the italic right

''binomen'' (amended or errata title)
''binomen''
''binomen'' ssp. ''subspecies''
''binomen'' subsp. ''subspecies''
''binomen'' var. ''variety''
''binomen'' subvar. ''subvariety''

all of the above may have trailing amended or errata text in parentheses

TODO: are there others?

]]

local function title_get (raw_iucn_cite)
	local title = raw_iucn_cite:match ('%d%d%d%d%.%s+(.-)%s*%. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species');

	local patterns = {															-- tables of string.match patterns [1] and string.gsub patterns [2]
		{'(.-)%sssp%.%s+(.-)%s(%b())$', &quot;''%1'' ssp. ''%2'' %3&quot;},				-- binomen ssp. subspecies (zoology) with errata or amended text
		{'(.-)%sssp%.%s+(.+)', &quot;''%1'' ssp. ''%2''&quot;},							-- binomen ssp. subspecies (zoology)
		{'(.-)%ssubsp%.%s+(.-)%s(%b())$', &quot;''%1'' subsp. ''%2'' %3&quot;},			-- binomen subsp. subspecies (botany) with errata or amended text
		{'(.-)%ssubsp%.%s+(.+)', &quot;''%1'' subsp. ''%2''&quot;},						-- binomen subsp. subspecies (botany)
		{'(.-)%svar%.%s+(.-)%s+(%b())$', &quot;''%1'' var. ''%2'' %3&quot;},				-- binomen var. variety (botany) with errata or amended text
		{'(.-)%svar%.%s+(.+)', &quot;''%1'' var. ''%2''&quot;},							-- binomen var. variety (botany)
		{'(.-)%ssubvar%.%s+(.-)%s(%b())$', &quot;''%1'' subvar. ''%2'' %3&quot;},			-- binomen subvar. subvariety (botany) with errata or amended text
		{'(.-)%ssubvar%.%s+(.+)', &quot;''%1'' subvar. ''%2''&quot;},						-- binomen subvar. subvariety (botany)
		{'(.-)%s*(%b())$', &quot;''%1'' %2&quot;},										-- binomen with errata or amended text
		{'(.+)', &quot;''%1''&quot;},														-- binomen
		}
	
	for i, v in ipairs (patterns) do											-- spin through the patterns
		if title:match (v[1]) then												-- when a match
			title = title:gsub (v[1], v[2]);									-- add italics 
			break;																-- and done
		end
	end

	return table.concat ({' |title=', title});									-- return the |title= parameter
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ C I T E _ I U C N &gt;--------------------------------------------------

parses apart an iucn-format citation copied from their webpage and reformats that into a {{cite iucn}} template for substing

automatic substing by User:AnomieBOT/docs/TemplateSubster

]]

local function make_cite_iucn (frame)
	local args = getArgs (frame);
	local raw_iucn_cite = args[1];
	
	local template = {'{{cite iucn '};											-- table that holds the {{cite iucn}} template as it is being assembled
	local year, volume, page, doi, accessdate;

	year = raw_iucn_cite:match ('^%D+(%d%d%d%d)');
	volume, page = raw_iucn_cite:match ('(%d%d%d%d):%s+(e%.T%d+A+%d+)%.%s');
	doi = raw_iucn_cite:match ('10%.2305/IUCN%.UK%.[%d%-]+%.RLTS%.T%d+A%d+%.en');

	accessdate = raw_iucn_cite:match ('Downloaded on (.-)%.?$'):gsub ('^0', '');	-- strips leading 0 in day 01 January 2020 -&gt; 1 January 2020

	table.insert (template, author_names_get (raw_iucn_cite));					-- add string of author name parameters
	table.insert (template, table.concat ({' |year=', year}));					-- add formatted year
	table.insert (template, title_get (raw_iucn_cite));							-- add formatted title
	table.insert (template, table.concat ({' |volume=', volume}));				-- add formatted volume
	table.insert (template, table.concat ({' |page=', page}));					-- add formatted page
	table.insert (template, table.concat ({' |doi=', doi}));					-- add formatted doi
	table.insert (template, table.concat ({' |access-date=', accessdate}));		-- add formatted access-date
	table.insert (template, '}}');												-- close the template

	if args[2] then																-- if anything in args[2], write a nowiki'd version that editors can copy into &lt;ref&gt; tags
		return table.concat ({'&lt;code&gt;', frame:callParserFunction ('#tag:nowiki', table.concat (template)), '&lt;/code&gt;'})
	end
	return table.concat (template);												-- the subst'd version
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	cite = cite,
	make_cite_iucn = make_cite_iucn,
	}</text>
      <sha1>mv4mxacvc7h58lwj7rskfofznsvriy0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>رج:موزی</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>172611</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392081</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:44:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>اتا نو ولگ بساته که ونه دله «[[رج:دارون]]» دره</comment>
      <origin>392081</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="gb9jv5pie336ub1dzaoiot96vzla050" xml:space="preserve">[[رج:دارون]]</text>
      <sha1>gb9jv5pie336ub1dzaoiot96vzla050</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>تلور</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172612</id>
    <redirect title="موزی تلور" />
    <revision>
      <id>392085</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:46:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ونه مسیر ره دکشی‌یه [[موزی تلور]] دله</comment>
      <origin>392085</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="mt6hwqutvkct5546ixikt008fapd0u4" xml:space="preserve">#بور [[موزی تلور]]</text>
      <sha1>mt6hwqutvkct5546ixikt008fapd0u4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>رج:کالتوس</title>
    <ns>14</ns>
    <id>172613</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392088</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T05:56:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>اتا نو ولگ بساته که ونه دله «[[رج:دارون]]» دره</comment>
      <origin>392088</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19" sha1="gb9jv5pie336ub1dzaoiot96vzla050" xml:space="preserve">[[رج:دارون]]</text>
      <sha1>gb9jv5pie336ub1dzaoiot96vzla050</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>گت ا جاب</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172614</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392089</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T08:16:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>مقاله‌ئونی که گت صفحه‌یِ کادر جه بساتنه.</comment>
      <origin>392089</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="625" sha1="igytgshzwt4m6b55adwokc9o8owsgko" xml:space="preserve">{{صندخ/فیلم&lt;!-- اینجه تونی شه مقالهٔ کلّی موضوع ره بنویسین تا صندخ بساجه. شهر، شخص، موجود، بنا، کومپانی و... واری --&gt;}}
'''گت ا جاب''' (Get a job) یعنن '''اتا کار بَی'''، آمریکایی کؤمدی فیلم هسته که ۲۰۱۶ سال شىنه. این فیلم تازه نسلِ جوون‌هایِ کار پىدا هاکردن خَوِری هسته.

== منابع ==
{{په‌نویس}}

&lt;!--- رج‌ئون: ---&gt;
[[رج:۲۰۱۶ فیلمون]]
[[رج:کمدی فیلمون]]
[[رج: آمریکایی فیلمون ]]</text>
      <sha1>igytgshzwt4m6b55adwokc9o8owsgko</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>شابلون:ISO 639 name osa</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>172615</id>
    <revision>
      <id>392090</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:15:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>اتا نو ولگ بساته که ونه دله «اوسیج» دره</comment>
      <origin>392090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10" sha1="dt5d9i7y66gkavl9ylqxginvinun5m1" xml:space="preserve">اوسیج</text>
      <sha1>dt5d9i7y66gkavl9ylqxginvinun5m1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>کچ می آف یو کن</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172616</id>
    <redirect title="کچ می ایف یو کن" />
    <revision>
      <id>392091</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:17:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ونه مسیر ره دکشی‌یه [[کچ می ایف یو کن]] دله</comment>
      <origin>392091</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="37" sha1="mihls4g9qee9ngj50kx8uoysj7wdlmf" xml:space="preserve">#بور[[کچ می ایف یو کن]]</text>
      <sha1>mihls4g9qee9ngj50kx8uoysj7wdlmf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>کیلرز آف د فلاور مون</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>172617</id>
    <redirect title="کیلرز آو فلاؤر مون" />
    <revision>
      <id>392096</id>
      <timestamp>2026-08-09T10:46:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>محک</username>
        <id>1023</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ونه مسیر ره دکشی‌یه [[کیلرز آو فلاؤر مون]] دله</comment>
      <origin>392096</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="nno73qvfgiw6dn0eba1mwrkwck6fc5b" xml:space="preserve">#بور [[کیلرز آو فلاؤر مون]]</text>
      <sha1>nno73qvfgiw6dn0eba1mwrkwck6fc5b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>