विकिपिडिया newiki https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter मीडिया विशेष वार्तालाप प्रयोगकर्ता प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता विकिपिडिया विकिपिडिया वार्ता चित्र चित्र वार्ता मीडियाविकि मीडियाविकि वार्ता ढाँचा ढाँचा वार्ता मद्दत मद्दत वार्ता श्रेणी श्रेणी वार्ता पोर्टल पोर्टल वार्ता मस्यौदा मस्यौदा वार्ता TimedText TimedText talk मोड्युल मोड्युल वार्तालाप Event Event talk 0 4289 1358351 1355784 2026-06-08T05:46:41Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1358351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = धनगढी | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[उपमहानगरपालिका]] | motto = | image_skyline = Behdaba Temple Urmarampur Dhangadi Kailali Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (1).jpg | imagesize = | image_caption = [[बेहडाबाबा|बेहडाबाबा मन्दिर]] | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = धनगढी उपमहानगरपालिकाको वडा विभाजन | pushpin_map = धनगढी उपमहानगरपालिका#कैलाली जिल्ला#सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश#नेपाल | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_mapsize = 300px | pushpin_map_caption = नक्सामा धनगढीको अवस्थिति | coordinates = {{coord|28.70|80.60|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} <!-- Location -->| subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[कैलाली जिल्ला|कैलाली]] | subdivision_type3 = | subdivision_name3 = | government_footnotes = <ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-7/district-kailali/dhangadhi?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = [[गोपाल हमाल]] <small> ([[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = कन्दकलाकुमारी राना <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले) ]]) | established_title = नगर पञ्चायत | established_date = वि.सं. २०३३ असार २२<ref name="नगर">{{Cite book |last=भट्ट |url=https://books.google.com.np/books?id=zUAJAQAAIAAJ |title=नेपाल राजपत्र सारा सङ्ग्रह : नेपालको साप्ताहिक राजपत्रबाट छनोट, अधिकांश कानूनमा, सन् १९५१-१९८० मार्च |date=सन् १९८१ |page=१२८ |language=नेपाली}}</ref> | established_title1 = समावेश क्षेत्र | established_date1 = धनगढी बजार | established_title2 = उपमहानगरपालिका | established_date2 = वि.सं. २०७२ पुष २१<ref name="उपमहानगर">{{cite news|url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=22714|title=नगरपालिका घोषणा गरी क्षेत्र तोकेको |date=वि.सं. २०७२ पुष २१ |accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ फागुन ६ |agency=नेपाल सरकार |language=नेपाली |publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> | established_title3 = समावेश ([[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]) | established_date3 = [[फुलबारी, कैलाली|फूलबारी]] र [[उर्मा]] | established_title5 = थप सम्मिलित क्षेत्रहरू | established_date5 = साविक [[अत्तरिया नगरपालिका|अत्तरिया]] (९-११) | established_title6 = समावेश मिति | established_date6 = वि.सं. २०७३ फागुन २७<ref name="स्थानीय">{{cite news|title=गाउँपालिका नगरपालिका उपमहानगरपालिका र महानगरपालिकाको क्षेत्र तोकी केन्द्र कायम गरेको |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=22690 |date=वि.सं. २०७३ फागुन २७ |accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ माघ २९ |agency=नेपाल सरकार |language=नेपाली |publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> <!-- Area -->| area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 261.75 | population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes = <ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=7&district=76&municipality=13|accessdate=१५ असोज २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 198792 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = १०९ | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-९१ | website = {{URL|http://dhangadhimun.gov.np}} | footnotes = }} '''धनगढी''' [[नेपाल]]को [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]]को [[कैलाली जिल्ला|कैलाली]] जिल्लाको [[मुख्यालय|सदरमुकाम]]<ref name="सदरमुकाम">{{cite news|title=नेपाल अधिराज्यलाई १४ अञ्चल, ७५ जिल्लामा विभाजित |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=2685 |date=वि.सं. २०१९ पुष २ |accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ माघ २९ |agency=नेपाल सरकार |language=नेपाली |page=५ |publisher=नेपाल राजपत्र}}</ref> तथा एक उपमहानगरपालिका हो।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.setopati.com/raajneeti/34031/ |title=फेरि थपिए २६ नगरपालिका, धनगढी उपमहानगरपालिका (सूचीसहित) |website=सेतोपाटी |language=नेपाली |accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ फागुन ०७ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218165515/https://www.setopati.com/raajneeti/34031/ |date=2022-02-18 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2015/09/327611 |title=२६ नयाँ नगरपालिका थपिए, धनगढी उपमहानगरपालिका बन्यो |website=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली |accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ फागुन ०७}}</ref> [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग|पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग]] छेउमै रहेको यो नगरपालिका नेपालको राजधानी [[काठमाडौँ]]बाट करिब ७५० किलोमिटर पश्चिममा रहेको छ। यो कैलाली जिल्लाको पहिलो नगरपालिका हो। कैलाली जिल्लाको तत्कालिन धनगढी बजार क्षेत्रलाई वि.सं. २०३३ असार २२ गते मिलाएर धनगढी नगर पञ्चायत घोषणा गरिएको थियो।<ref name="नगर" /> वि.सं. २०७२ असोज १ मा [[नेपाल सरकार]]को निर्णय र वि.सं. २०७२ पुष २१ गते नेपाल राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित सूचना अनुसार तत्कालिन [[फुलबारी, कैलाली|फूलबारी]] र [[उर्मा]] गाउँ विकास समितिहरूलाई यसमा गाभेर यो नगरपालिकालाई उपमहानगरपालिकामा स्तरोन्नति गरिएको थियो।<ref name="उपमहानगर"/>यसै प्रकार [[सङ्घीयता|सङ्घीय शासन व्यवस्था]] लागु भएपछि देशमा स्थानीय तहको गठन भएसँगै वि.सं. २०७३ फागुन २२ गते नेपाल सरकारको निर्णय तथा वि.सं. २०७३ फागुन २७ गते नेपाल राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित सूचना अनुसार तत्कालिन [[अत्तरिया नगरपालिका]]को वडा नं. ९ (साविकको [[बेलादेवीपुर]] गाविसको ४,५ र ६ नम्बर वडाहरू), वडा नं. १० (साविकको [[बेलादेवीपुर]] गाविसको ७,८ र ९ नम्बर वडाहरू) र वडा नं. ११ (साविकको [[गेटा]] गाविसको ७,८ र ९ नम्बर वडाहरू) लाई यस उपमहानगरपालिकामा गाभेर यो उपमहानगरपालिकाको क्षेत्र विस्तार गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.setopati.com/chapa-bata/60472/ |title=गाउँ र नगरपालिका कुन जिल्लामा कति ? |website=सेतोपाटी |language=नेपाली |accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ फागुन ०७ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219161531/https://www.setopati.com/chapa-bata/60472/ |date=2022-02-19 }}</ref><ref name="जिल्ला समन्वय समिति">{{cite news|url=http://kantipur.ekantipur.com/news/2017-03-13/20170313191214.html|title=जीविस अब देखि जिल्ला समन्वय समिति|last1=काफ्ले|first1=प्रतिक्षा|date=वि.सं. २०७३ फागुन ३०|accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ फागुन ०७|publisher=[[कान्तिपुर दैनिक|कान्तिपुर]]}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170506085135/http://kantipur.ekantipur.com/news/2017-03-13/20170313191214.html |date=2017-05-06 }}</ref><ref name="७४४ स्थानीय तह">{{cite news|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64740/|title=स्थानीय निकाय भङ्ग, अधिकारसम्पन्न ७४४ स्थानीय तह क्रियाशील|date=वि.सं. २०७३ फागुन ३०|accessdate=वि.सं. २०७८ फागुन ०७|publisher=सेतोपाटी|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64740/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518193518/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64740/ |date=2017-05-18 }}</ref> यसको दक्षिणमा [[भारत]]को [[उत्तर प्रदेश]] राज्य, उत्तरमा [[गोदावरी नगरपालिका, कैलाली|गोदावरी नगरपालिका]] र [[गौरीगङ्गा नगरपालिका]], पूर्वमा [[कैलारी गाउँपालिका]] र पश्चिममा [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला]] र भारतसँग सिमाना जोडिएको छ। हाल यो उपमहानगरपालिकालाई १९ वटा वडामा विभाजित गरिएको छ भने वि.सं. २०७८ सालको राष्ट्रिय जनगणना अनुसार यस उपमहानगरको जनसङ्ख्या १,९८,७९२ रहेको छ।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८" /> २७१.७४ वर्ग किलोमिटरको क्षेत्रफलमा फैलिएको यो उपमहानगरपालिका नेपालको [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]]को [[भीमदत्त नगरपालिका]]सँगै प्रमुख सहरहरू मध्ये एक हो। == इतिहास == [[जङ्गबहादुर राणा|जङ्गबहादुर]]ले दिएको फौजी सहायताबाट खुशी भएको अङ्ग्रेज सरकारले नेपाललाई [[बाँके जिल्ला|बाँके]], [[बर्दिया जिल्ला|बर्दिया]], [[कैलाली जिल्ला|कैलाली]] र [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला|कञ्‍‍चनपुर]] [[नयाँ मुलुक|‘नयाँ मुलुक’]]का नाममा फिर्ता गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-04 |title=सिटी स्टोरी : त्यो धुले धनगढी, यो प्रदेश राजधानी ! |url=https://nepaliheadline.com/26602/ |access-date=2023-09-22 |website=Nepaliheadline |language=en-US }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220816130441/https://nepaliheadline.com/26602/ |date=2022-08-16 }}</ref> अङ्ग्रेजले सुदूरपश्चिमको [[जोगबुडा]]सम्म रेलको लिक पु¥याएका थिए। त्यहाँको सालको काठ ओसार्न रेलको लिक बिछ्याईएको थियो। धनगढीमा पनि रेलको लिक थियो। भारतबाट अङ्ग्रेजीहरू लखेटिएपछि यहाँको रेलको लिक हटाईएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /> [[राणा वंश|राणा शासन]] कालमा कैलाली र कञ्चनपुर एउटा गोश्वारा थियो। जिल्ला भईसकेका थिएनन। कैलाली कञ्चनपुर गोश्वाराको सदरमुकाम [[बेलौरी नगरपालिका|बेलौरी]] थियो। त्यही कारण त्यतिबेलाको प्रशासनिक केन्द्र बेलौरी थियो। वि.स.१९९७ मा सदरमुकाम धनगढी सारियो र धनगढीमा बेलौरीबाट सरकारी कार्यालयहरू पनि सार्नेक्रम त्यही बेला शुरु भयो।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=उहिलेको धनगढी, अहिलेको धनगढी |url=http://saptahik.com.np/archives/2020/04/20/20200420125131 |access-date=2023-05-20 |website=saptahik.com.np |language=English}}</ref> कैलाली र कञ्चनपुर गोश्वाराको जनसङ्ख्या ५० हजार जति थियो। [[आम निर्वाचन २०१५|२०१५ सालको निर्वाचन]]मा यहाँबाट लोकेन्द्र बहादुर शाहले चुनाव जिते। अभिलेखअनुसार ०१९ सालमा कैलाली र कञ्चनपुर अलग भएका हुन् । तर, मुख्य मुकाम धनगढी नै भयो । व्यापारिक केन्द्र पनि । आठ दशकअघिको कुरा हो । त्यति बेलाको धनगढीमा पाँचवटा मात्र घर पक्की थिए। जताततै जङ्गल थियो। अहिलेको [[सेती प्रादेशिक अस्पताल]]का दुई वटा साना पक्की भवन थिए। गोश्वारा, अञ्चलाधीशको आवास, कारागार, वन बिभागको एउटा घर र माल अड्डा(मालपोत कार्यालय) का गरी जम्मा पाँच वटा पक्की घर थिए। धनगढीको पुरानो बजार हालको मस्जिद र शिवमन्दिर क्षेत्र हो। पछि त्यहाँबाट बजार विस्तार हुँदै गयो।<ref name=":1" />२००७ सालअघि हाल मस्जिद रहेको क्षेत्रमा केही पसलहरु थिए। २०३६ सालतिर पहाडमा भोकमरी भयो। धमाधाम मान्छेहरू तराई झर्न थाले। पूर्वबाट पनि आए। आसाम र बर्माबाट लखेटिएर नेपालीहरू आए। त्यसपछि जङ्गल फाड्ने क्रम तिब्र भयो। पुनर्वास गरिएका जनतालाई सरकारले दुई वर्षसम्म पुष्टिक आहार दिएर पाल्यो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://paschimtoday.com/news-details/67074/2023-01-09|title=धनगढीको विकासका साक्षीहरू|website=epaschimtoday|language=en|accessdate=2023-01-14}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114031648/https://paschimtoday.com/news-details/67074/2023-01-09 |date=2023-01-14 }}</ref> ==नामकरण== मध्यकालीन समयमा [[महाराणा प्रताप]]का वंशज मानिने राना थारू समुदायले आफ्नो [[धन]] (मुद्रा) जमिनमा गाडी सुरक्षित भएर बसेकोले उक्त क्षेत्रको नाम 'धनगढी' रहन गएको किंवदन्ती छ। त्यस समयमा भारतमा मुसलमानहरूको दवदवा सहन नसकी त्यहाँका [[राना थारू]]हरू यहाँ आएर बसेका हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://saptahik.com.np/archives/2020/04/20/20200420125131 |title=उहिलेको धनगढी, अहिलेको धनगढी |website=साप्ताहिक |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref> == वडागत विभाजन र जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालको [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८]] अनुसार धनगढी उपमहानगरपालिकाको कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,९८,७९२ रहेको छ। यस उपमहानगरपालिकालाई १९ वटा वडाहरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। उपमहानगरपालिकाको वडागत विवरण, क्षेत्रफल र जनघनत्वको विस्तृत तथ्याङ्क तलको तालिकामा दिइएको छ: {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ धनगढी उपमहानगरपालिकाको वडागत विभाजन, जनसङ्ख्या र जनघनत्व (२०७८) |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका वडाहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || धनगढी (१) || १८,८१९ || ३.३६ || ५,६०१.०१ |- | २ || धनगढी (२) || १६,७३६ || ५.०७ || ३,३००.५९ |- | ३ || धनगढी (३) || २१,२५८ || ९.३९ || २,२६३.८९ |- | ४ || धनगढी (४) || ११,८४० || ३.७९ || ३,१२३.७७ |- | ५ || धनगढी (५) || १७,८५६ || ५.२५ || ३,४०१.१४ |- | ६ || धनगढी (६) || ७,४३५ || ११.१८ || ६६५.०३ |- | ७ || धनगढी (७) || १२,८०६ || २९.०४ || ४४०.९८ |- | ८ || धनगढी (८) || ११,६२० || २.८ || ४,१५०.०० |- | ९ || धनगढी (९, १४) || ४,११२ || ९.७१ || ४२३.४८ |- | १० || धनगढी (१०, ११) || ४,५४८ || ८.३५ || ५४४.६७ |- | ११ || [[बेलादेवीपुर]] (४-९) || ६,३७३ || १९.६ || ३२५.१५ |- | १२ || धनगढी (१२) || १२,३१९ || १३.२८ || ९२७.६३ |- | १३ || धनगढी (१३) र [[गेटा]] (७-९) || १२,१०४ || १३.०९ || ९२४.६८ |- | १४ || [[फूलबारी, कैलाली|फूलबारी]] (७-९) || ९,०१८ || १८.८२ || ४७९.१७ |- | १५ || [[उर्मा]] (१,३,६) || ५,७४२ || ३२.५ || १७६.६८ |- | १६ || [[उर्मा]] (४-५,८-९) || ५,६९१ || ३०.८८ || १८४.३० |- | १७ || [[उर्मा]] (२,७) || ६,१७३ || १९.७८ || ३१२.०८ |- | १८ || [[फूलबारी, कैलाली|फूलबारी]] (४-६) || ६,१७६ || ८.८६ || ६९७.०७ |- | १९ || [[फूलबारी, कैलाली|फूलबारी]] (१-३) || ८,१६६ || १६.९९ || ४८०.६४ |- ! colspan="2" | जम्मा !! १,९८,७९२ !! २६१.७४ !! ७५९.५० |} ==नगर प्रशासन इतिहास== वि.सं. २०३३ मा नगर पञ्चायत<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nepaltalk.com/society/29722.html |title=नागरिकताविहिन मुस्लिम बस्तिको गुनासो : आफ्नो सम्पत्ति अर्काको नाममा, प्रमाणको नाममा छोराहरूको जन्मदर्ता ! |website=नेपाल टक |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219102952/https://www.nepaltalk.com/society/29722.html |date=2022-02-19 }}</ref> बनेको धनगढीको पहिलो प्रधानपञ्च यज्ञराज पन्त<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nepalsamaya.com/index.php/detail/40167 |title=धनगढीमा ४४ वर्षपछि फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापनको पहल |website=नेपाल समय |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219102953/https://nepalsamaya.com/index.php/detail/40167 |date=2022-02-19 }}</ref> थिए भने उपप्रधानपञ्च रत्नभक्त श्रेष्ठ थिए। उनीहरू दुबै जनालाई तत्कालीन श्री ५ को सरकारले प्रधानपञ्च तथा उपप्रधानपञ्चमा मनोनित गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०३९ मा सम्पन्न चुनावबाट प्रमुखमा छेदालाल चौधरी र उपप्रमुखमा जुद्धलाल राना निर्वाचित भएका थिए भने वि.सं. २०४३ सालमा सम्पन्न चुनावबाट पनि दुवै जना सोही पदमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। वि.सं. २०४६ सालमा प्रजातन्त्र पुनर्स्थापना पश्चात् वि.सं. २०४९ को नगर चुनावबाट प्रमुखमा [[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]का किशोरकुमार बम र उपप्रमुखमा पनि सोही पार्टीकै उजागर राना निर्वाचित भएका थिए। यसै प्रकार वि.सं. २०५४ मा [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा एमाले]]का खेमराज पाण्डेय प्रमुख र नारदमुनि राना उप-प्रमुखमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। निर्वाचिन जनप्रतिनिधिहरूको कार्यकालको समाप्तिसँगै तत्कालिन सरकारद्वारा नगर प्रमुखमा धनबहादुर बम र उप-प्रमुखमा श्रीमती जनक कुँवरलाई मनोनीत गरेको थियो। वि.सं. २०७४ मा सम्पन्न स्थानीय तहको निर्वाचनमा नेपाली काङ्ग्रेसका नृप बहादुर वड<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dalitonline.com/?p=13236 |title=उत्कृष्ट मेयर नृप वडको राजनीतिक यात्रा |website=दलित अनलाइन |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref> नगर प्रमुख पदमा निर्वाचित भएका छन् भने सोही दलकी सुशीला मिश्र भट्ट नगर उप-प्रमुख पदमा निर्वाचित भएकी छिन्।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.reportersnepal.com/2017/07/189966 |title=धनगढी उपमहानगरपालीका मेयरमा काङ्ग्रेसका नृप वड विजयी |website=रिपोर्टर्स नेपाल |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref> ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या १,९८,७९२ रहेको छ भने यहाँ ४४,७७९ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> यस उपमहानगरपालिमा [[ब्राह्मण|बाहुन]], [[क्षेत्री]], [[चौधरी]], [[डगौरा]], [[राना थारू|राना थारु]], [[ठकुरी]] र [[दलित|दलित समुदाय]]को बाहुल्य रहेको छ। ==पर्यटकीय तथा धार्मिक स्थलहरू== [[चित्र:Bandevi Temple1.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[वनदेवी मन्दिर|वनदेवी मन्दिरको]] प्रवेश द्वार]] यस उपमहानगरपालिकाभित्र [[जोखर ताल|जाखोर ताल]], [[धनगढी पार्क]] र [[एअरक्राफ्ट म्युजियम]] रहेको छ। यसका साथै यहाँ [[नैनादेवी मन्दिर]], [[लक्ष्मीनारायण मन्दिर]], [[वनदेवी मन्दिर]], [[बेहडाबाबा|बेहडाबाबा मन्दिर]] र [[शिवपुरी धाम|शिवपुरीधाम]] समेत रहेको छ। ==यातायात == ===सडक यातायात === धनगढी नगर [[भारत]]को [[उत्तर प्रदेश]], [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]]का पहाडी जिल्लाहरू र [[काठमाडौँ]]सँग सडक सञ्चालनले जोडिएको छ। सुदूरपश्चिमाञ्चल यातायात, कर्णाली यातायात, मालिका यातायात व्यावसायी सङ्घले बस सेवा सञ्चालन गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.setopati.com/index.php/social/151130/ |title=यसरी फेरिँदैछ धनगढी सहर |last=सुदीप श्रेष्ठ |first=चेतना गुरागाईं र |website=सेतोपाटी |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219132844/https://www.setopati.com/index.php/social/151130/ |date=2022-02-19 }}</ref> ===हवाई यातायात === [[धनगढी विमानस्थल]] प्रशासनिक केन्द्रबाट १० किलोमिटर र काठमाडौँबाट करिब ६६० किलोमिटर पश्चिममा अवस्थित छ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://deshsanchar.com/2020/02/08/311082/ |title=धनगढी विमानस्थल बढाउन २२७ विघा जमिन अधिग्रहण गरिने |date=2020-02-08 |website=देशसञ्चार |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref> यो विमानस्थलको धावनमार्गलाई १,५२४ मिटर (५,००० फिट) लम्बाइमा विस्तार गरी फोकर १०० विमान अटाउन कालोपत्रे गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/economy/202677-1581211800.html |title=धनगढी विमानस्थल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरकाे बनाउन गुरुयोजना |last=छत्याल |first=दिलबहादुर |website=नागरिक समाचार |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref> ==प्रमुख होटलहरू== नेपाल तथा [[भारत]]को सीमाक्षेत्रमा रहेको कारणले गर्दा यस नगरमा भारतीय तथा नेपाली पर्यटकहरूको निरन्तर आगमन भइरहेको हुन्छ। सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशको व्यापारिक नगरको<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.karobardaily.com/news/3720 |title=होटलमा लगानी वृद्धि |website=कारोबार दैनिक |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref> उपनामले चिनिने धनगढी उपमहानगरपालिकाभित्र होटल डिभोटी, होटल फ्लोरा<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bizmandu.com/content/20211015165026.html |title=होटलको शहर बन्दै धनगढी, १० अर्ब रूपैयाँ भन्दा बढी लगानी, धमाधम होटल स्तरोन्नति हुँदै |website=बिजमाडौं |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref>, होटल साथी, होटल रुबस<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/03/560618 |title=चार तारे स्तरको बन्दै धनगढीको ‘रुबस होटल’ |website=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref>, होटल जलसा, होटल जगदम्बा, अमृत प्लाजालगायतका होटलहरू रहेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://suvadin.com/news/business-economy-management/hotel-opening |title=धनगढीमा होटल व्यवसाय फस्टाउँदै, लगानी उच्च |date=2017-04-03 |website=शुभदिन |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2017/03/552773 |title=धनगढीमा २१ करोडको लगानीमा ‘होटल फ्लोरा’ खुल्दै |website=अनलाइन खबर |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://okhalnews.com/tourist/711 |title=४ करोडको लगानीमा होटल वर्षाले गर्यो धनगढीमा पनि सेवा सुरु |website=ओखल समाचार |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2022-02-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219105633/https://okhalnews.com/tourist/711 |date=2022-02-19 }}</ref> ==शैक्षिक संस्थाहरू== यस उपमहानगरपालिकामा माध्यमिक तह तथा उच्च शिक्षाका लागि निजी तथा सरकारी विद्यालय तथा कलेजहरू रहेका छन्। यस नगर क्षेत्रभित्र ऐश्वर्य विद्या निकेतन, ग्यालेक्सी उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय, पन्चोदय उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय, कैलाली मोडल उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय, ग्रिनल्यान्ड पब्लिक स्कुल, एरिस्टो इङ्लिस बोर्डिङ, साइपाल शिक्षा सदन, कैलाली विद्या निकेतन, बासुदेवी हायर सेकेन्डरी स्कुल, सिटी स्कुल, रवेस्ट सेकेन्डरी स्कुलर बोर्ड बेस्ड एकेडेमी, [[कैलाली बहुमुखी क्याम्पस]], सुदूरपश्चिमाञ्चल एकेडेमी, ऐश्वर्य बहुमुखी क्याम्पस, वेस्टर्न विजनेस स्कुल, धनगढी इन्जिनियरिङ कलेज रहेका छन्। ==बैङ्क तथा वित्तीय संस्थाहरू== यस उपमहानगरपालिकाभित्र [[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क|नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]को क्षेत्रिय कार्यालय हुनुका साथै राष्ट्रिय वाणिज्य बैङ्क, कृषि विकास बैङ्क, एभरेष्ट बैङ्क, नबिल बैङ्क, बैङ्क अफ काठमाडौँ, नेपाल क्रेडिट एण्ड कमर्स बैङ्क, सिद्धार्थ बैङ्क, माछापुच्छ्रे बैङ्क, कुमारी बैङ्क, नेपाल बङ्गलादेश बैङ्कको शाखा कार्यालय र कञ्चन विकास बैङ्क रहेको छ। ==सञ्चार तथा सूचना क्षेत्र== === एफएम स्टेसनहरू === {| class="wikitable" |- ! रेडियोको नाम !! ठेगाना !! मेघाहर्ज !! प्रसारण संस्था |- | दिनेश एफएम || धनगढी-४ || ९३.८ मेगाहर्ज || दिनेश एफएम प्रा.लि. |- | धनगढी एफएम || धनगढी-३ || ९०.५ मेगाहर्ज || धनगढी एफएम प्रा.लि. |- | पश्चिम टुडे || धनगढी-१ || ९८.८ मेगाहर्ज || पश्चिम टुडे प्रा.लि. |- |रेडियो सुदूर सन्देश |धनगढी-४ |१०४ मेगाहर्ज |सुदूर सन्देश पब्लिकेशन प्रा. लि |- |खप्तड एफएम |धनगढी-१३ |९८.२ मेगाहर्ज |खप्तड कम्युनिकेशन प्रा.लि. |- |रेडियो डेली मेल |धनगढी-४ |९४.६ मेगाहर्ज |रेडियो डेली मेल प्रा.लि. |- |रेडियो एक्टिभ एफएम |धनगढी-२ |९७.२ मेगाहर्ज |एसटिए मिडिया प्रा.लि |} == चित्र दिर्घा == <gallery> चित्र:ShivapuriDham Dhangadi.jpg|[[शिवपुरी धाम|शिवपुरीधाम मन्दिर]] चित्र:Behdaba Temple Urmarampur Dhangadi Kailali Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (34).jpg|[[बेहडाबाबा|बेहडाबाबा मन्दिर]] चित्र:Ganga Mata Temple Siddha Baba Lake Dhangadi Nepal Rajesh Dhungana (2).jpg|बेहडा बाबा ताल चित्र:Entrance of Dhangadhi Park-1.jpg|[[धनगढी पार्क]] चित्र:Dhangadhi Airport.jpg|[[धनगढी विमानस्थल]] चित्र:JhokharTal Dhangadi.jpg|[[जोखर ताल]] </gallery> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{कैलाली जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} {{नेपालका महानगरीय नगरपालिकाहरू}} {{नेपालका ठुला सहरहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका उपमहानगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:कैलाली जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०३३ मा स्थापित नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका जिल्ला सदरमुकामहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका पूर्व नगर पञ्चायतहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल–भारत सीमामा स्थित पारवहन र भन्सार चौकीहरू]] 19u469l345qfycb97az583x8ia7uvkz 0 6406 1358381 1357853 2026-06-08T09:58:06Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Monarch | image = Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal.jpg | caption = बहादुर शाह | name = बहादुर शाह | title = नायव साहेब [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]] | predecessor = | successor = | father = [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] | spouse = विद्या लक्ष्मी देवी | birth_date = वि सं १८१४ असार ६ | death_date = वि सं १८५४ असार १५<ref>[https://www.kantipurdaily.com/literature/2016/06/11/20160611181816.html इतिहास अभागी राजकुमार बहादुर शाह]</ref> | royal house = [[शाह वंश]] | house-type =वंश | reign = | birth_place =[[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]], [[गोरखा राज्य]] | death_place = आर्यघाट, [[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपतिनाथ]], [[नेपाल अधिराज्य|नेपाल]] | issue = रिपू मर्दन शाह<br>शत्रु मन्जन शाह | mother = नरेन्द्र राज्य लक्ष्मी देवी | religion = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] }}'''बहादुर शाह''' (जन्म: १८१४ वि.सं. - मृत्यु: १८५४ ) वि.सं.[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]का माहिला छोरा र राजनीतिज्ञ थिए। (राजा रणबहादुर शाहले उनलाई लेखेको पत्रमा माहिला काका भनी सम्बोधन गरेका छन्।) उनले आफ्ना पिताले सुरु गरेको [[नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानका युद्धहरू|नेपाल एकिकरण]]को अभियानलाई तीव्र गतिले अघि बढाए। चौतारिया बहादुर शाहको नायाबीकालामा पश्चिम नेपालका राज्य रजौटाहरूलाई नेपाल राज्यमा मिलाएर राज्य विस्तारको कार्य गरिएको थियो।<ref name=":12">{{cite book|author=चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन)|url=|publisher=|isbn=|pages=६|date=बि.सं २०२०}}</ref> भाउजू [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]] र भतिजा [[रणबहादुर शाह]]को अनेकौ षड्यन्त्र र दाउपेचको शिकार बन्नुपरे तापनि [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]को मृत्यु (वि.सं. १८४२) पश्चात् निर्वासनबाट फर्केर नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानमा योगदान दिए।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/859421-1655685337.html?click_from=category|title=बहादुर शाहको त्यो बहादुरी|last=प्रसाई|first=दीर्घराज|date=६ असार २०७९|website=नागरिक|accessdate=१६ आषाढ २०७९}}</ref> तर उनले आफ्ना पिताले स्थापित गरेका केहि नियमहरूलाई उल्लङ्घन गरे। कुनै पनि भारदारलाई नमार्नु भन्ने पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको [[दिव्योपदेश]]को विपरित उनले [[सर्वजीत राना मगर]]लाई मारी भारदारको हत्याको प्रचलन सुरु गरे। भारदारको हत्या गर्ने प्रचलन [[भीमसेन थापा]]को शासनमा चरममा पुगेको थियो।{{sfn|Acharya|1975|p=215}} ३८ वर्षको उमेरमा नेपालका एक सशक्त निर्माता बहादुर शाहको दुर्भाग्यपूर्ण अवसान भयो र नेपालको एकीकरणको महत्वपूर्ण अभियान एकाएक बीचैमा रोकियो।<ref>{{cite book|title=[[अब यस्तो कहिल्यै नहोस्]] |author=[[बाबुराम आचार्य]] |page=३० |date=माघ २०७५ |publisher=फाइनप्रिन्ट बुक्स |isbn=978-9937-665-40-7|url=}}</ref> उनको हत्याकाण्ड पछि नेपालको राज्यव्यवस्थामा ठूलो आतंक फैलियो। नेपालको राजदरबार भित्र षड्यन्त्र तथा हत्याकाण्डका शृङ्खला चल्न थाले र नेपाली नागरिक अनेकौं किसिमको विपत्तिको सामना गर्न विवश रहे। राजा [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[चौतारिया|चौतारा]] [[शेरबहादुर शाह|शेरबहादुर शाही]]हरूको डरले गर्दा कुनै पनि भारदार पनि यस हत्याकाण्डको सम्बन्धमा चुँसम्म पनि गर्न समर्थ थिएनन् भने सर्वसाधारण नागरिकको त झन् कुरै भएन। आफ्ना विशिष्ट योगदानहरूले गर्दा सुयोग्य पिताका योग्य पुत्रका रुपमा मात्र होइन, नेपाल अधिराज्यका निर्माताका वास्तविक उत्तराधिकारीका रुपमा पनि यिनी लामो समय सम्म नेपालीहरूबीच गर्वका साथ सदा सम्झीईदै रहनेछन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=[[अब यस्तो कहिल्यै नहोस्]] |author=[[बाबुराम आचार्य]] |page=३१ |date=माघ २०७५ |publisher=फाइनप्रिन्ट बुक्स |isbn=978-9937-665-40-7|url=https://thuprai.com/book/aba-yasto-kahilyai-nahos/}}</ref> ==प्रारम्भिक जीवन== उनको जन्म १८१४ असारमा भएको हो। उनलाई पहिले फत्तेबहादुर शाह भनिन्थ्यो तर पछि बहादुर शाह मात्र भन्न थालियो। उनको शिक्षा-दीक्षा गोरखा र [[नुवाकोट दरबार]]मा भयो। उनी सामान्य लेखपढ गर्न जान्दथे। सैद्धान्तिक शिक्षा उनले प्रशस्त पाएका थिए। आफ्ना बाबू पृथ्वीनारायण शाहसंगै नुवाकोट दरबारमा कूटनीतिक वातावरणमा बस्ने मौका पाएका हुँदा नेपालका भारदारसँग उनको सम्पर्क नजिकबाट भयो। उनी योग्य र इमानदार भारदारहरूको चयन गर्दथे।<ref>नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ १९२</ref> ==पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु पश्चात् == वि.सं. १८३१ माघ १ मा बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु भएपछि युवराज [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]ले नेपाल अधिराज्यको राजमुकुट धारण गरे। === नजरबन्द === प्रतापसिंह शाहले "बहादुर शाहले आफ्ना विरुद्ध विद्रोह गर्ने पो हुन् कि?" भन्ने अनावश्यक शङ्का लिई यिनले आफ्ना आफ्ना प्रमुख सल्लाहकार राजगुरु [[व्रजनाथ पौड्याल|व्रजनाथ पौड्याल पण्डित]] तथा सरदार [[स्वरुपसिंह कार्की]]हरूको परामर्श अनुसार काका काजी दलजीत शाहका साथ पिताको आशौच वारि बसीरहेका राजकुमार बहादुर शाहलाई आशौच भित्रै नुवाकोटमा सहसा कैद गरियो। राजकुमार काहीँ दलजीत शाह पछि भागेर वेपत्ता भएकाले उनको सर्वस्वहरण गरियो। राजकुमार बहादुर शाहले नजरबन्द अवस्थामा नै आफ्ना पिताको काजकिरिया विधिपूर्वक सम्पन्न गरे।<ref>चवन्न सालको घटना: ''[[अब यस्तो कहिल्यै नहोस्]]; बाबुराम आचार्य;''</ref> === निर्वासन === दुई दाजुभाइमा मेल नहुँदा चेपेपार धपाइएपछी बहादुर शाह कहिले पाल्पा, कहिले तनहु तिर गइ रहन लागे। त्यहाँ रहंदा ती राज्यसंग सम्पर्क राखी आफ्नो राज्यको हित गर्ने कुरा तिर उनले दृष्टि दिएका थिए। यस विषयमा बहादुर शाह आफ्ना दाजुलाई बराबर पत्र लेखि पठाउँथे। दाजुको हृदय परिवर्तन गराई पाए फर्कने सुरमा उनी थिए। प्रतापसिंह उनलाई यहाँ पस्न चाहि नदिने , उनलाई चाहिने चिजबिज चाहि बराबर पठाइदिने गर्ने भन्ने कुरा उनले लेखेका पत्रले स्पस्ट रुपमा देखाएको छ। <ref name=":1">{{cite book|title=पूर्णिमा|author=गौतम बज्र बज्राचार्य ; महेशराज पन्त|page=३३ |date=२०२५ बैशाख जेठ असार|publisher=[[संशोधन मण्डल]] |isbn= |url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_05_01.pdf}}</ref> बि.सं १८३३ को शुरुमा बहादुर शाहले तनहुँ बाट प्रतापसिंह शाहलाई "हजुरको हामीले सोझै गरेका थियौ। हजुरले हामीलाई निकाल्नु भयो, हामीले तनहुँको नून खाएका छौ, उनीहरूले जे गराउलान्, सो गरौला, तर हजुरले भलो गर्नु भयो भने हामीले अन्यथा गर्नु हुदैन। आफ्नै मुलुकमा आएर बस्नु छ" भनी पत्र लेखे। त्यसको जवाफामा बि.सं १८३३ श्रावण १५ गते प्रतापसिंह ले "तिमीहरूले गरे अनुसार ओखती गरिएको हो, तिमीहरूले राम्रो चाल चलन गर्यौ भने यो घर तिमीहरूकै हो, यो कुरा मैले अस्तिको चिठीमा पनि लेखेको थिए। तिमीले तनहुँ संग मिलेर लमजुङका राजासंग भेट गरेछु, यसको फल कस्तो हुन्छ पछी थाहा होला, तनहुँ, लम्जुङ कास्की पर्वत प्युठानासंग सन्धि गर्न [[वंशराज पाँडे]]हरूलाई पठाएको छ, उनीहरू गोर्खा आइपुगे " भनी चारपाटे बिछ्यौना तथा मेवा आदि चीजबिज पठाइदिएको कुरा परेको छ।<ref name=":1" /> ===बेतिया निर्वासन र फिर्ता=== पछि राजकुमार बहादुर शाह भारतको बेतियामा गैई त्यहीँ नै निर्वासित जीवन बिताउन थाले। वि.सं १८३४ मार्गमा प्रतापसिंह को २६ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भयो। त्यसबेला प्रतापसिंह का छोरा रणबहादुर शाह अढाई वर्षका थिए। वि.सं १८३४ मार्ग ९ गते रणबहादुर शाहको भाकाबाट [[दलमर्दन शाह]] र बहादुर शाहलाई "बुबाज्यूलाई पहिले रक्तातिसारको रोग थियो, पछि वात पनि भयो, रोगले च्याप्दै ल्यायो र मंसीर ६ गते सोमबार बिहान उहाँको स्वर्गवास भयो, ८ जना केटीहरू सती गए, क्रियाकर्म गर्न लाग्यौ, नरु शाह, शिव शाह [[भोटु पाँडे]]हरू क्रिया बसेका छन्, तपाईहरूले पनि जूठो बार्नु होला , चोखिएपछी तपाईहरूलाई लिन यहाँबाट मानिस आउँछन् , त्यहाँसम्म त्यही राज गर्नुहवस् " भनी पत्र लेखियो।<ref> {{cite book|title=पूर्णिमा|author=गौतम बज्र बज्राचार्य ; महेशराज पन्त|page=४३ |date=२०२५ बैशाख जेठ असार|publisher=[[संशोधन मण्डल]] |isbn= |url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_05_01.pdf}}</ref> ==राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीको नायबीकाल == प्रतापसिंह शाहको १९३४ मङ्सिरमा मृत्यु भएपछि राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी नाबालक राजा [[रणबहादुर शाह]]की नयबका रूपमा रहन लागिन्। सर्वप्रथम उनले आफ्नो हात बलियो पार्न चौतारिया दलमर्दन शाह र [[बहादुर शाह]]लाई काठमाडौँ आउन बेतियातिर पत्र लेखेर पठाइन्। प्रतापसिंह शाहको मृत्यु पछि [[व्रजनाथ पौड्याल|वज्रनाथ पण्डित]] राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मीलाई सति पठाएर आफू बालक राजाको नाममा शासन चलाउन चाहन्थे। राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मीले वज्रनाथ पण्डितलाई चारपाटा मुडेर [[चार भञ्ज्याङ|चारभञ्ज्याङ]] कटाइदिइन्। भारदार [[पर्शुराम थापा|परशुराम थापा]]लाई नेलगल्फन्दी हालियो। मैजुकन्यालाई सती पठाइदिइन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास|author=प्रा. डा. [[राजाराम सुवेदी]]|page=१९०|date=फागुन २०६१|publisher=[[साझा प्रकाशन]]|isbn=99933-2-406-X|url=}}</ref> चौतारियाका छोराहरू बलभद्र शाह र कृष्ण शाहलाई दरबारमा बोलाइन् र बहादुर शाहसँग राजकाजको सल्लाह लिई काम गर्न थालिन्। ===दोस्रो पटक नजरबन्द === बहादुर शाह र [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]को संयुक्त नायबी काल केहि समय राम्ररी चल्यो। क्रमशः बहादुर शाहको योजना नेपालको छिटो एकीकरण गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने थियो भने राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मीको योजना आफ्नो छोरा ठूला हुनेछन् र पछि उनले नै एकीकरण अभियान सञ्चालन गरि अघि बढाउने छन् भन्ने योजना थियो। भारदारहरूले ती कुराहरू सुनेपछि "नेपालको विस्तार र एकीकरण गर्नुपर्छ" भन्ने मत व्यक्त गरे। दरबारका भारदारहरूले बहादुर शाहको पक्ष लिएको थाहा पाएर राजेन्द्र लक्ष्नीले सर्वजित राना मगरलाई प्रभावमा लिएर बहादुर शाहलाई नजरबन्दमा राखिन्। राजगुरु [[गजराज मिश्र|गजराज मिश्रको]] अनुरोधमा उनलाई मुक्त गरियो। बि.सं. १८३५ भदौ १९ मा बहादुर शाहले राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीलाई नजरबन्द गरे। रानीका समर्थक [[सर्वजीत राना मगर|सर्वजीत राना]] काटिए। भदौ २१ मा बहादुर शाहले लालमोहर लिई आफू शासक भएको कुरा घोषणा गर्न लगाए।<ref>पूर्णिमा १० अंकको ४७ पृष्ठ</ref> बि.सं. १८३६ एकीकरणको क्रममा बहादुर शाह [[तनहुँ राज्य|तनहुँ]] आक्रमण गर्न गोरखा पुगे। त्यसै बेला असार १० मा राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी मुक्त भइन्। ===निर्वासन === बहादुर शाह बि.सं. १८३६ असारमा बेतियातिर निर्वासित भए। === मुखत्यार (१८४२-१८४३) === १८४२ मा राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीले बहादुर शाहलाई बोलाइन्। तर यिनको कुटिल स्वभावदेखि दच्केर बहादुर शाहले सोचविचारमा धेरै समय लगाउँदा अनेक शपथ खाई बहादुर शाह र दलजित शाहलाई बोलाइन्। बहादुर शाह आइन्पुग्दै वंशराज पाँडे काटिए। बहादुर शाह आइपुग्दा एक सुयोग्य भारदार अनाहकमा मारिएको देखेर दिक्क भए। तर राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीसँग विरोध गर्ने शक्ति र समय नभएको हुनाले चूपचापसँग उनका आज्ञाकारी मुखत्यार भए।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=ऐ.शि. बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=38}}</ref> तनहुँमा रहेका नरु शाह, [[अभिमानसिंह बस्न्यात]] र देवदत्त थापा तीन काजीमा मुख्य सेनापति बन्नाका आपसमा विवाद चलिरहेको थियो। [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]ले स्वरुपसिंह कार्कीलाई मुख्य सेनापति बनाउन चाहेकी थिइन्। तर त्यहाँ [[स्वरुपसिंह कार्की]] थपिँदा द्वेषको मात्रा बढ्ने हुनाले बहादुए शाहले चौतारिया दलजित शाहलाई नै मुख्य सेनापति बनाई पठाए। चौतारा नै पुगेपछि काजीहरूको झगडा मेटिन गइ एकचित्त भएर १८४२ जेठको अन्त्यमा कास्कीमा आक्रमण गरे। तीन दिनको लडाइँ गरि कास्कीमा आफ्नो अधिकार जमाए। त्यहाँका राजा सिद्धिनारायण शाहले आफ्ना सैनिक, हतियार धनदौलत समेत नुवाकोट लगी त्यहाँको राजा अरिदमन शाहसँग मिलेका थिए। कास्की दखल भएको तेस्रो दिन गोरखाली सैन्यले त्यहाँ पनि आक्रमण गरेर कास्की र नुवाकोटका संयुक्त सैन्यलाई हराई नुवाकोट रियासतमा समेत अधिकार जमाए। [[कालीगण्डकी नदी|कालीगण्डकी]] देखि पूर्वपट्टिका भीरकोट आदि साना साना राजाहरूलाई बहादुर शाहले अभयको वचन दिएर नेपाल राज्यका आश्रयमा आओ भन्ने सन्देश पठाएका थिए। नुवाकोट, ढोर, गरहुँ र पैयुँका राजहरूले [[पर्वत राज्य|पर्वत]]को पक्ष लिए। बहादुर शाहले यी राज्यहरूलाई मिलाई नेपालको सिमाना कालीगण्डकीसम्म पुर्‍याए। कालीगण्डकीसम्म अधिकार भएपछि गण्डकी पारीका चौबीसी रियासतहरूमा अधिकार गर्ने उद्योग बहाफुर शाहले थालिहाले। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले यी रियासतहरूलाई पश्चिम र उत्तरतिरबाट घेर्नका लागि सल्यान, जाजरकोट र जुम्लाका राजाहरूसँग मित्रसम्बन्ध कायम गरेका थिए। बहाफुर शाहले यस सम्बन्धलाई फेरी मजबुत गराएर पाल्पाली राजा महादत्त सेनसँग पनि एकानमित्र एकानशत्रु मान्ने शर्त गरेर मित्रसम्बन्ध गरे। यो सम्बन्ध बलियो बनाउन १८४२ माघमा पाल्पा गई महदत्त सेनकी छोरीसँग विवाह गरेर आए। राजकुमार बहादुर शाहले पश्चिम नेपालको शक्तिशाली [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा राज्य]]का राजा महादत्त सेनाकी छोरी ( [[पृथ्वीपाल सेन]]की बहिनी) सँग बिहे गरी त्यस राज्यसित वैवाहिक संबन्ध बनाए। <ref name=":13">{{cite book|author=चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह (व्यक्तित्व र शासन)|url=https://ia800600.us.archive.org/13/items/Shree5RanaBahadurShahByChittaranjanNepali_201712/Shree%205%20Rana%20Bahadur%20Shah%20by%20Chittaranjan%20Nepali.pdf|publisher=|isbn=|pages=७|date=बि.सं २०२०}}</ref><ref name=":14">{{cite book|author=Hamilton|title=Nepal|url=|publisher=|isbn=|pages=27|date=}}</ref> उनको बिहे सम्बत १८४२ सालको माघ महिनामा भहेको थियो<ref>एक तिथ्यावालीको आधारमा</ref><ref name=":13" /> पर्वत गल्मी आदिका राजहरू पनि यसै तरहसँग आफ्ना अश्रयमा ल्याउने प्रयत्न गर्दा पर्वतका राजाका एक भाइ रमेश मल्ल र गुल्मीका सर्दार शशिधर खत्री आधि केही भारदार र सेनापतिहरू फुटेर नेपालमा आए। तर गुल्मी, अर्घा, खाँची, मुसिकोट, धुरकोट, इस्मा, गलकोट, प्युठाना र दाङका राजाहतू पर्वतका राजा कीर्तिबम मल्लसँग मिकी गोरखाली सैन्यसँग मुकाबिला गर्न तयार भए। यस समयमा राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीलाई रोगले ग्रस्त गरेको हुनाले हावापानी बदल्न भनी गोरखामा रणबहादुर शाहलाई समेत लिएर बसेकी थिइन्। पाल्पाबाट गोरखा आएर बहादुर शाहले भारदारहरूको [[पँजनी]] गरे। पर्वत राज्य जितेपछि अरु राज्य सजिलैसँग जितिने हुनाले पर्वतलाई दुईतिरबाट आक्रमण गर्ने निश्चय गरी जीव शाह र दामोदर पाँडेलाई नियुक्त गरे। जीव शाहका सहायकमा शिवनारायण खत्री र दामोदर पाँडेका सहायकमा जगजित् पाँडे काजी भए। रामकृष्ण कुँवर, अमरसिंह थापा आदि सर्दार र कम्पनीहरू यिनै दुई फाँँटमा बाँडिए। रसद र गोलिगट्ठा चलाउने काममा दलजित शाह तनहुँमा बसे। यस युद्धको समयमा बहादुर शाहको गोरखामा नै रहने विचार थियो। तर राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीले नमान्दा रणबहादुर शाहसमेतलाई लिएर काठमाडौं आए। १८४२ माघमा जीव शाहले रिडीघाटमा कालीगण्डकी तरी गोरखाली सेना गुल्मीमा लागे। सात दिनमा बिना लडाइँले नै यस राज्यमा अधिकार जमाए र चन्द्रकोटमा छावनी बनाए। उनले गुल्मीबाट र दामोदर पाँडेले एकै समयमा पर्वतको राजधानी बेनी शहरमा आक्रमण गर्ने निधो थियो। यसकारन गुल्मी दखल भएको खबर पाउने बित्तिकै गोरखाबाट दामोदर पाँडे पनि रमाना भए। गोरखामा रहेर बहादुर शाहले [[पँजनी|पंजनी]] गर्दा आफ्ना अनुकूलका भारदारहरू भर्ना गरेका हुनाले राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी भित्रभित्र जलेकी थिइन्। आफ्ना कुटिल स्वभाव अनुसार मनको भाव दबाएर काठमाडौं पुगेर दामोदर पाँडे गोरखाबाट नहिँडेसम्म चूपचाप रहिन्। दामोदर पाँडे रमाना भएको खबर आउनेबित्तिकै १८४२ असारको मध्य तिर रणबहादुर शाहका अङ्गरक्षक सैनिक दलका अफिसर बन्धु रानालाई गुप्त रीतिले अह्राई राजभवन भित्रै बहादुर शाहलाई पक्रेर मुगलानमा गई रहनु भन्ने आज्ञा दिईन्। बर्सातमा तराईको औलो लाग्ने हुनाले दलमर्दन शाहका सिफारिसमा बर्सातभर ललितपुरको फर्पिङ (त्यस समय फर्पिङ ललितपुर मातहत थियो?) शहरमा नजरबन्द रही हिउँद लागेपछि नेपाल छोडे हुन्छ भनी मञ्जुरी दिइन्। काठमाडौंमा भएका बहादुर शाहका गिरफ्तारीले युद्धक्षेत्रमा गएका सेनापतिहरूमा बडो बेचैनी फैलियो। दामोदर पाँडे पोखरामा पुगेर टक्क अडिए। दलजित शाह स्याङ्जा पुगिरहेका थिए। उनले जीव शाह र उनका साथमा रहेका सैन्यलाई आश्वासन दिएर गुल्मीमा थामिराखे। बहादुर शाह नजरबन्द भएको तेह्रौं दिन १८४३ श्रावण २ मा काठमाडौंमा राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीको मृत्यु भयो। ==नायबी== सन् १७८५ (वि.सं. १८४३ श्रावण २) मा क्षयरोगबाट महारानी राजेन्द्र राज्य लक्ष्मीको काठमाडौँको हनुमानढोका दरबारमा मृत्यु भयो।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=ऐ.शि. बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=4 |pages=40}}</ref> उनको मृत्युपछि शासनको बागडोर दलमर्दन शाहले लिए। तर राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मीको काजकृया गर्नमा बहादुर शाहको मात्र अधिकार छ भनी गजराज मिश्रले आग्रह गर्दा दलमर्दन शाहले बहादुर शाहलाई बोलाए। १२ वर्षका रणबहादुर शाहले काकालाई देखेर छाँद हाल्दा [[दलमर्दन शाह]]ले शासनको बागडोर उनका हातमा सौपिदिए। राजकुमार बहादुर शाहले रणबहादुरको नायवी ग्रहण गर्दै नेपालको एकिकरण अगाडि बढाए। पश्चिम पर्वत देखि गुल्मी, अर्घा, खांची, रूकुम प्युठान, सल्यान, जाजरकोट, दैलेख, दुल्लु, जुम्ला, डोटी, अछाम, [[बझाङ राज्य|बझाङ]], हुदै कुमाउ गढवाल हुदै [[सतलज नदी]] पारी गोरखाली पुगेका थिए। [[नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानका युद्धहरू|नेपाल एकिकरण]]को अभियानमा बहादुर शाहको नेतृत्वकाललाई स्वर्णकाल मानिन्छ। ===चौबीसी अभियान=== बहादुर शाहले मुख्तियारी लिएको खबर पाउनेबित्तिकै जीव शाहले एकातिर शिवनारायण खत्री र अर्कातिर अमरसिंह थापालाइ पठाई ती [[इस्मा राज्य|इस्मा]] र अर्घा रियासतका सैन्यदललाई छिन्नभिन्न पारिदिए। पर्वतमा आक्रमण गर्नका लागि दामोदर पाँडे पनि कालीगण्डकी तीरमा पुगे। इस्मापट्टिबाट जीव शाहले पर्वतभित्र सैन्य हुलेका दिन दामोदर पाँडेले डुङ्गाबाट आफ्नो सैन्य कालीगण्डकी पार गरे। पर्वतको लागि एक हजार जति सैनिक मात्र तयार रहेका थिए। तालिमे र बेतालिमे गोरखाली सैनिक ४ हजार जति पुगिसकेका थिए। बागलुङको लडाइँमा केवल ४५ गोर्खाली र २ सय जति पर्वते सैनिक [[वीरगति]] भएपछि कीर्तिबम मल्ल भागे र रियासत छोडिदिए। १८४३ आश्विन १३ मा पर्वतमा नेपालको अधिकार भयो। चौबीसी राज्यहरूको मुटु पर्वत थियो। यो फुटेपछि यसको आडमा रहेका गुल्मी आदि रियासत सोत्तर भई त्यहाँका राजाहरू भागे। प्युठानाका राजा मोतीचन्दले मुकाबिला गर्न सैनिक तयार राखेका थिए। यसै महिनामा जीव शाह र दामोदर पाँडे समेत त्यसतिर बढे। वादीकोटमा नाम मात्रको मुकाबिला गरी प्युठानी सैनिक भाग्दा मोतीचन्द पनि स्युराज गएर पहाड प्रदेश छोडिदिए। [[पाल्पा राज्य]]सँग गरिएको सन्धिअनुसार विजय गरिएका राज्यहरु आपसमा बाँडेर लिने कुरा उल्लेख थियो। बहादुर शाहले [[पाल्पा राज्य]]को सहायता लिई काजी जीव शाह, [[दामोदर पाँडे|काजी दामोदर पाँडे]], काजी जगजीत पाँडे, पारथ भण्डारी, [[अमरसिंह थापा|सरदार अमरसिंह थापा]], सुब्बा जोगनारायण मल्ल, प्रबल राना आदिको नेतृत्वमा फौज पठाए। वि सं १८४३ जेठमा अघि बढेको नेपाली फौजले जेठ ११ गते गुल्मी, भाद्र २६ गते अर्घा, २८ गते खाँची र आश्विन १४ गते पर्वत विजय गर्‍यो। यसपछी क्रमशः धुरकोट, [[गलकोट राज्य|गलकोट]], मुसिकोट, [[इस्मा राज्य|इस्मा]], दाङ, प्युठान र रोल्पा विजय गरी मङ्सिरसम्ममा [[भेरी नदी|भेरी नदि]]सम्मका क्षेत्रहरु एकीकृत गरिए। पाल्पासँग गरिएको सन्धिअनुसार आधा क्षेत्र दिनुपर्ने भए पनि केवल अर्घा, खाँची र गुल्मी तीनओटा राज्य दिई बाँकी सम्पूर्ण क्षेत्र नेपालमा मिलाइयो। ===बाइसी अभियान=== [[भेरी नदी|भेरी नदि]]भन्दा पश्चिमको [[जाजरकोट राज्य]]सँग [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को समयमै सन्धी भएकाले त्यहाँका राजा गजेन्द्र शाहसँग सन्धी नवीकरण गरियो। जाजरकोटले नेपाललाई वार्षिक रू. ७,००० र सैनिक सहयोग गर्ने शर्तमा आफ्नो समर्थक बनाएपछि [[भेरी नदी|भेरी नदि]] सम्म पुग्यो। बहादुर शाहले पश्चिमी क्षेत्रमा एकीकरण अभियान बढाइरहेको समयमा वि सं १८४५ मा [[नेपाल –तिब्बत /चीन युद्ध|नेपाल र तिब्बत बीच युद्ध]] भएकाले [[दामोदर पाँडे]] लगायत्का कतिपय सैनिक अधिकारीहरू तिब्बतसँगको युद्धमा संलग्न भए। वि सं १८४६ मा [[शिवनारायण खत्री]]को नेतृत्वको फौजले [[मुक्तिनाथ]]को बाटो हिमाली क्षेत्र हुँदै [[जुम्ला राज्य|जुम्ला]] माथी आक्रमण गरी सरदार कालू पाँडे ([[काजी]] [[कालु पाँडे|कालू पाँडे]] होइनन्) र [[भक्ति थापा|भक्ती थापा]]को सहायताबाट जुम्ला विजय गरियो। दुल्लू र दैलेखमा नेपालको अधिकार हुनुपूर्व सुरखेत तिर नेपाली सेना बढ्यो। सुरखेतमा दैलेख र धुलीकोटको संयुक्त सेनाले नेपाली सेनाको मुकाविला गयो। कालु पाण्डेको नेतृत्वमा गएको त्यो सेनाले वाइसीको संयुक्त सेनालाई सुरखेतमा पराजीत गयो। [[धुलीकोट राज्य]] अन्तर्गत सुरखेत परेकोले धुलीकोट नेपालसँग त्यही पराजीत भएका कारणबाट नेपालमा मिल्न गयो। वि.सं. १८४६ असोजमा धुलीकोट राज्य नेपालमा विलय भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Subedi |first=Rajaram |title=धुलीकोट राज्यको ऐतिहासिक सर्वेक्षण |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_155_04.pdf |journal=Ancient Nepal |pages=26}}</ref> <ref>धुलीकोटे राजगुरु सन्तति सांसद श्री शिवराज जोशीगुटुबाट प्राप्त जानकारी ।</ref> सरदार भक्ति थापा र कालु पाँडेले दैलेखमाथी आक्रमण गर्दा त्यहाँका राजा भागे भने [[दुल्लु राज्य|दुल्लु]]का राजा उत्तम शाहले नेपालको अधिनता स्विकार गरी अमरसिंह थापाको साथ दिए। राजा उत्तिम शाहीले नेपाली सेनालाई सहयोग गर्ने वचनबद्धता देखाई आश्रित सन्धि गरे। वि. सं. १८४६ कार्तिक २१ गते दुल्लू नेपालको अधिनमा आयो। [[बझाङ राज्य|बझाङी राजा]]ले पनि नेपालको अधीनता स्वीकार गरी वार्षिक रु ५००/- सिर्तो रकम तिर्न मञ्जुर गरे। त्यसपछि [[अमरसिंह थापा]]को नेतृत्वको फौजले [[कर्णाली नदी|कर्णाली नदि]] तरेर [[अछाम जिल्ला|अछाम]] तथा [[डोटी राज्य|डोटि राज्य]]माथी विजय गरेकाले नेपालको पश्चिमी सीमा [[महाकाली नदी|महाकाली नदि]]सम्म पुग्यो। डोटी राज्यलाई नेपालमा मिलाउन ज्यादै कठिन भएको समयमा त्यसलाई पराजित गर्नका लागि बझाङी राजा समुद्रसिंह तथा प्रतिमान शाहीको ठूलो भूमिका रहेको छ। <ref name=":0">[[राजाराम सुवेदी]], ´हिस्ट्री अफ बझाङ´ (काठमाडौँ : २०४४)</ref> ===रजौटा उत्साव=== १९४३ फागुनमा बहादुर शाहले मित्र राजाहरूलाई बोलाएर बडो उत्सव मनाए। पाल्पाली राजा महादत्त सेनलाई रणबहादुर शाहका हातबाट गहना र हात्ती घोडा आदि पुरस्कार दिई गुल्मी, अर्घा र खाँचीका रियासत सुम्पिदिए। सल्यानी राजा कृष्ण शाहका प्रतिनिधि भएर युवराज रणभीम शाह आएका थिए। यिनलाई रुकुम,मुसिकोट (पल्लो), मालनेटा र फलावांगका साना रियासत र दाङको ठूलो रियासत सुम्पिए। जाजरकोटका राजा गजेन्द्र शाह, भीरकोटका राजा चक्रपति खान, सतहुँ राजा भूपनारायण शाह र रिसिङका राजा वेणीप्रसाद सेनलाई भेरीपारका जाहारी साना रियासत बाँडिदिए। गजेन्द्र शाहले ४ रियासत र अरुले एक एक रियासत पाए। जुम्लाका राजा चक्रसुदर्शन शाहका प्रतिनिधि भएर आएका ज्याम विष्टज्यू आएका थिए। जुम्ला र पर्वतका बीचकोब्टिनीनामक हिमालको बस्ती यिनलाई दिए। ===नेपाल चीन युद्ध === {{main|नेपाल –तिब्बत /चीन युद्ध}} २ जुन १७८९ मा भएको केरुङ सन्धी तिब्बत ले उल्लङ्घन गर्न सुरु गरेपछी युद्धको पुनरावृति हुन गयो। तिब्बतले पूर्वतर्फका नाकाहरू खोल्न नपाउने शर्त भएकोमा सो कुरा नमानी पूर्वतर्फका नाकाहरू खोलिदिदा युद्धको आगो बल्न गयो। ई. १७९१ अगस्ट ६ को दिना तिब्बतको शिगात्से तर्फ युद्धको लागी फौज अठाइयो। नेपालीहरूले सन्धिको उल्लङ्घन भएकोमा ५० [[धार्नी]] सुनको माग गरे। तिब्बतले दिन इन्कार गर्दा नेपालीहरूको दिगर्चाको प्रसिद्ध टासील्हुम्पो गुम्बामा सुनचाँदी जवाह रातहरू उठाउन सफल भए। नेपाली फौजको अगाडी केही नलाग्ने देखेर तिब्बतले मद्दतका लागी चीनका बादशाहसँग अनुरोध गर्‍यो। नेपालीहरूले अकल्पनीय पराजय बेहोर्नु परेको कारण [[बहादुर शाह]]ले चिनियाँ सेनापति फुकाङ्गसंग वार्ता गरे। वार्तामा चिनियाँ सेनापतिले नेपालले लुटेको सम्पत्ति फिर्ता गर्ने, बन्दी बनाइएका भोटका काजीहरूलाई रिहा गर्ने, स्यामार्पा लामालाई तिब्बत सरकारलाई बुझाउनु पर्ने ३ वटा शर्तहरू राखे। नेपालले २ वटा शर्तहरू स्वीकारे तापनि स्यामार्पा लामालाई सुम्पन्न चाँहदैनथे। ई. १७९२ मा स्यामार्पा लामाको मृत्यु भयो र वार्ताको ढोका खुल्यो। पुनः सेनापतिले ३ वटा शर्तहरू राखे। श्यामार्पा लामाको हाडखोर चिनियाँ सेनापति छेउ बुझाउने, दिगर्चामा लुटेको सम्पत्ति फिर्ता गर्ने, ई. १७८८ को सन्धिको सक्कल प्रति चिनियाँ सेनापतिलाई बुझाउने। परन्तु बहादुर शाहले यस बारेमा जवाफ पठाएनन्। यसरी वार्ताले सकारात्मक रूप लिन नसक्दा पुनः युद्ध चर्कने स्थिति देखेर बहादुर शाहले अंग्रेजसंग सहायता लिने निर्णय गरी ई. १७९२ मा अंग्रेजसंग एउटा वाणिज्य सन्धि गरे।<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Bahadur Shah: The Regent of Nepal|last=Bhadraratna|first=Bajracharya|publisher=Anmol Publication|year=1992|isbn=|location=Delhi|pages=246, 247}}</ref> चिनियाँ सेनापति फूकाङ्गले नेपाली फौजमाथि आक्रमण गर्ने आदेश दिए। यो आक्रमण नेपालको लागि घातक सिद्ध भयो। चिनियाँ फौज बेत्रावतीसम्म आइपुगेकाले काठमाडौंलाई खतरा भई ढुकुटी नै मकवानपुर सारिएका प्रसङ्गहरू उल्लेख छन्। नेपालमा त्रासको माहोल सिर्जना भएको र भोटे/ चीनियाँ सेना पनि आफ्नो मुकामबाट निकै टाढाको दुरी आइपुगेको हुँदा सन्धिको कुरा उठ्यो। यस युद्धमा नेपालको पराजय भएको हुँदा सन्धिमा नेपाललाई निकै तल पारियो। <ref name="nepalaaja.com" /> त्यसपछि नेपालले चिनियाँ शर्तहरू बाध्य भएर मान्नु पन्यो र ई. १७९२ मा नेपाल + तिब्बत + चीनका बीचमा बेत्रावतीमा सन्धि भई युद्धको अन्त्य भयो। <ref name=":32">{{Cite book|title=नेपाल भोट विवाद|last=|first=Triratna Manandhar|publisher=नेपाल र एसियाली अनुसन्धान केन्द्र, त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय|year=2041 BS|isbn=|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=2}}</ref> यस सन्धिले नेपालले आदिकालदेखि प्राप्त गरेको हिमाली क्षेत्रको व्यापारमा एकाधिकार समाप्त गयो।तिब्वती बजारमा वर्षौंदेखि चालु रहँदै आएको नेपाली मुद्रा बाहेक नयाँ मुद्रालाई प्रतिबन्ध लगायो। तिब्बतमा नेपालको जुन स्थिति थियो। त्यो समाप्त भई चीनले प्राप्त गयो। कुती र केरूङ्गका क्षेत्रमा चिनियाँ अधिकारीले रेखाङ्कन गरेको सिमानालाई मान्न नेपाल बाध्य भयो। प्रत्येक पाँच वर्षमा एउटा शिष्टमण्डल नियमित रूपमा चीन पठाउनु पर्ने भयो। यो सम्झौता नेपालका लागि हानिकारक तथा घातक सिद्ध भए तापनि नेपालले यस सम्झौतालाई उल्लंघन गर्ने कोशिस गरेन। बरू प्रत्येक ५-५ वर्षमा एउटा शिष्टमण्डल नियमित रूपमा चीन पठाउने भयो।<ref name=":33">{{Cite book|title=ऐतिहासिकपत्र संग्रह, पहिलो भाग|last=ज्ञानमणि नेपाल|first=धनबज्र बज्राचार्य,|publisher=नेपाल सांस्कृतिक परिषद|year=वि.स. २०१४|isbn=|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=पृ. ७३ ७४}}</ref> बेत्रावतीको सन्धिमा नेपाललाई चीनको अधिनता स्वीकार्नु पर्ने वा कुनै प्रकारको हानि हुने शर्त नरहेकाले नेपालले केही कुरा गुमाउनु परेन यसप्रकार शताब्दीयौं देखि रहेको नेपाल + तिब्बत सम्बन्धमा गतिरोध आउनुको बदला यस सन्धि पश्चात्चीनको संलग्नता पनि बढ्न गई नेपालको कूटनैतिक इतिहासमा नयाँ अध्यायको शुरूआत भएको पाइन्छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=जोशी |first=श्रीमती इन्दिरा |title=नेपाल‌+तिब्बत सम्बन्ध: ऐतिहासिक सिंहावलोकन |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_147_full.pdf |journal=प्राचीन नेपाल |pages=22 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408111820/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_147_full.pdf |date=2024-04-08 }}</ref> नेपाल चीनसँग [[बेत्रावती सन्धि]] गर्न बाध्य भयो। यो सन्धिले नेपाललाई चीनको संरक्षित राज्य सरह बनाएको थियो। १८७१-७२ को [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]]मा अंग्रेजको बल पुगेको भए नेपाल सरकारलाई सहायक सन्धिका जालामा फसाएर अवध र निजाम राज्यका अवस्थामा ल्याउँथे। बेत्रावती सन्धिमा बहादुर शाहले चीनसँग सम्बन्ध जोडेर यस कुराको बचाउ गरेका थिए। == नीति == === सामाजिक थिति === === अर्थतन्त्र === उनले प्रथमतः पहिले जितिएको सांगापूर्व [[दुधकोशी नदी|दूधकोशी]] पश्चिमको पहाडी प्रदेशमां नापी गराउने र मालपोत ठेग्ने काम गरे। यो उनको देशको आम्दानी बढाउने प्रथम प्रयास थियो। २० मुरी माटाको प्रवल जग्गामा रू. ४,दोयममा रू.३ सिममा रू.२ रकम लाइएको छ। लालमोहर स्याहामोहरमा नदेखिएका त्यसै मयावी खाइरहेका जग्गाहरू जफत गरेर लिने र सरकारी गराउने यसमा मुख्य कुरा किटिएका थिए।<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last=नेपाल |first=ज्ञानमणि |date=September 1984 |title=राजकुमार नायब बहादुर शाह र उनले बाँधेका स्थिति |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_83_04.pdf |journal=[[प्राचीन नेपाल]] |volume=८३ |pages=६-१७ }}{{Dead link|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==== सैन्य ==== चीन युद्धताका उनले नेपाली सैनिकलाई तीव्ररूपमा बढाउन थालेका थिए। विदेशबाट विशेषज्ञ झिकाई आफ्ना सैनिकलाई तालीम दिने, हातहतियार गोली गट्ठाहरूको कारखाना खोल्ने काम पनि गरेका थिए। मेगजिन बारुदखाना आदिमा काम गर्नेहरूको तलव भत्ताको पनि व्यवस्था बाँधेका थिए। विशेष कुरा त्यस्ता कामदार कुल्लीहरूको कामको समय तोकिदिएका र विदाका दिनपनि निश्चित गरिदिएका थिए। विदाका दिन पर्वते (खस क्षेत्री )हरूका र [[नेवार जाति|नेवार]]हरूका छुट्टाछुट्टै गरिदिएका थिए। नेवारहरूका स्थानीय चाडपर्व र जात्रामालामा गरी विदाका दिन वढीपरेका थिए। यसरी उनी देशको आर्थिक स्थिति बढाउने सैनिक शक्तिलाई तीव्र पार्दै लैजाने, शस्त्रास्त्रका नयाँ नयाँ कारखाना खोल्ने, नयाँ नयाँ सैनिक भर्ना गर्ने, देशको न्याय व्यवस्थामा सुधार ल्याउने आदि काममा दत्तचित्त हुँदै थिए। <ref name=":2" /> === विदेश सम्बन्ध === ==== चीन ==== ==== ब्रिटिस ==== [[नेपाल –तिब्बत /चीन युद्ध]] मा नेपालीहरूले अकल्पनीय पराजय बेहोर्नु परेको कारण [[बहादुर शाह]]ले बहादुर शाहले अंग्रेजसंग सहायता लिने निर्णय गरी ई. १७९२ मा अंग्रेजसंग एउटा वाणिज्य सन्धि गरे।<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|title=Bahadur Shah: The Regent of Nepal|last=Bhadraratna|first=Bajracharya|publisher=Anmol Publication|year=1992|isbn=|location=Delhi|pages=246, 247}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=जोशी |first=श्रीमती इन्दिरा |title=नेपाल‌+तिब्बत सम्बन्ध: ऐतिहासिक सिंहावलोकन |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_147_full.pdf |journal=प्राचीन नेपाल |pages=22 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240408111820/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/ancientnepal/pdf/ancient_nepal_147_full.pdf |date=2024-04-08 }}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायण शाहद्वारा निष्कासित केपुचिन पादरीहरूसँग बहादुर शाहले मित्रता कायम गरे तथा भारतस्थित कम्पनी सरकारसित व्यापारिक सम्झौता गरेर बृटिश फौजी मण्डलालाई बोलाएर बृटिश शक्तिसित विशेष सम्पर्क कायम राखे। तर बहादुर शाहको यस अंग्रेज समर्थक नीतिलाई नेपालका भारदारहरूले स्वागत गरेनन्।<ref>{{cite book|title=श्री ५ रणबहादुर शाह |author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=page 15|date=|publisher=|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पतन == === पद त्याग === राजा [[रणबहादुर शाह]] अठार वर्ष पुगेका हुनाले दरबारका चाटुकार एकीकरण विरोधी भारदारहरूले बहादुर शाहका विरुद्ध राजालाई उचाल्न थाले। रणबहादुर शाह, बहादुर शाहका विरुद्ध कारबाही गर्न आफैँले शासन चलाउनु पर्ने कुरा भारदारको मतानुसार सोच्न थाले। रणबहादुर शाह आफ्नो पुनः राज्याभिषेक गराउन चाहन्थे। [[गुल्मी राज्य]]लाई स्वतन्त्रता दिई साला सिद्धिप्रताप शाहलाई राजा बनाउने, [[बिदुर शाह|विदुर शाही]] र [[शेरबहादुर शाह|शेरबहादुर शाही]]लाई चौतारिया पद दिने, कान्तिवतिलाई सकार्ने जस्ता कुरामा विवाद हुँदा बहादुर शाह र रणबहादुर शाहको मनमुटाव भयो। परिणामस्वरूप बहादुर शाहले आफ्नो नायब पद त्याग गरी धर्मकार्यपट्टी लाग्न थाले। त्यसपछि रणबहादुर शाह नेपालको सर्वेसर्वा भए। === मृत्यु === बहादुर शाह जस्ता वीर र सुझबुझ पूर्ण नेतृत्व क्षमता भएकालाई [[रणबहादुर शाह]]को लहडबाजीमा जेलमा हाली मृत्यु गराइयो। बहादुर शाहलाई [[विष्णुमती नदी|बिष्णुमति]]को छेउमा बन्दी बनाइएको थियो। उनले बहादुर शाहको टाउकोमा उमालेको तेल खनाउन लगाए। बहादुर शाहकी पत्नीलाई दुर्ववहार गर्न लगाए। उनलाई भए नभएका कुरा सुनाएर दिक्क पारिएको थियो। उनलाई [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]]लाई खानामा विष मिसाएर हत्या गरेको जस्ता आरोप लागिएको थियो। यस बखत नवयुवक राजा रणबहादुर शाहले राजकुमार बहादुर शाह माथी मुख्य रूपमा निम्न लिखित आरोप लगाएका थिए:<ref name="अब यस्तो कहिल्यै नहोस्">{{cite book|title=[[अब यस्तो कहिल्यै नहोस्]]|author=[[बाबुराम आचार्य ]]|page=२८-२९|date=फागुन २०६१|publisher=फाइनप्रिन्ट बुक्स|isbn=978-9937-665-40-7|url=}}</ref> # कान्छा चौतारा [[दलमर्दन शाह]]सँग मिली बुबाज्यू महाराज प्रतापसिंह शाहको हत्या गरि टाउको लुकाउने र ढाड झ्यालबाट खसाउने योजना गरेको # मुमामहारानी [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]लाई भए-नभएको बात लगाई नेल हाली [[सर्वजीत राना मगर|सर्वजित राना]]लाई कटाएको र मलाई पनि मारी दाखचोकको इनारमा पुर्ने योजना गरेको # मथुरा नामकी एउटी केटीलाई लगाई मेरी मुमालाई बीस खुवाई मार्ने उद्योग गरेको # विवाह गर्न भनी बहादुर शाह गोरखा जाँदा बोर्लाङघाटमा वास परेको दिन मलाई मारी गण्डकी नदीमा बगाउने योजना गरेको # "राजालाई (मलाई) घरबाट निस्कन किन दिइस्" भनी बन्धु रानालाई गाली गरेको # मलाई मार्न मसानको प्रयोग गरेकाले दक्षिण कालीको दर्शन गरेर फर्किदा बाटामा तीन पटकसम्म झाडापखाला तथा बमन भएको # कुकर्मी बहादुर शाहले रातको बीचमा मलाई खोज्दै आएको, यसैबीचमा कुकुरले झम्टन जाँदा अकारण नै कुकुरलाई काटिदिएको # मेरो अनुपस्थितिमा आफ्नो मनखुसीसँग आफ्नै हातले लालमोहरका छाप लगाउने गरेको # मलाई मार्न भनी आधारातमा आएको, "पुनी" नामक धाईले थाहा पाई ढोकामा चुकुल हालेको र यसै रिसले तरबारले ढोकामा हानी फर्किई गएको। # मलाई तीन सलाम गर्ने नगरेको # राजा [[राम शाह|राम शाहका]] पालादेखी चलिआएको मैत्रीसम्बन्धको उपेक्षा गरि तिब्बतसंग अनावश्यक युद्ध गरेर झन्डै देशलाई नै डुबाइदिएको। चीनसँग युद्ध गर्न भनी अंग्रेजहरूसँग मित्रता बढाएको। उनले बन्दी अवस्थामा खान, सुत्न, मनमा लागेको कुरा भन्न र आफन्तलाई भेट्न पनि पाएनन्। वि सं १८५४ आषाढ १४ गते शनिबार को रात राजकुमार बहादुर शाहको गुप्त रूपमा हत्या गरियो। हत्या सम्भवतः गलामा पासो लगाएर गरिएको थियो। तर "कालगतिले नै यिनको मृत्यु भएको हो" भन्ने भान पारी बिहान उज्यालो नहुँदै [[आर्यघाट|पशुपति आर्यघाट]]मा पुर्याएर यिनको भौतिक शरीरको दाहसंस्कार सम्पन्न गरियो।{{sfn|आचार्य|२०१८|p=३०}} वि सं १८५४ आषाढ १५ गते बहादुर शाहको मृत्यु भएको घोषणा गरियो। चीनमा उनको मृत्युबारे खबर गर्दा छेरौटीले मरेको, भारतीय कम्पनीलाई लेख्ता सिकिस्त बिरामी परेको जस्ता प्रतिवेदन गरेका थिए। बहादुर शाहको मृत्यु सार्वजनिक गरिएन। उनको दाहसंस्कार राजकीय ढाँचाबाट समेत गरिएन। बहादुर शाहका पक्षधरलाई नेपाल असुरक्षित भूमी हुन लाग्यो।<ref name=":0" /> {{नेपालको शाह राजवंशको वंशवृक्ष}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} === स्रोत === * {{Citation|author-last=Acharya|author-first=Baburam|journal=Regmi Research Series|title=Some Confusions|volume=7|issue=11|date=1 November 1975|origyear=1966|pages=210-215|publisher=Regmi Research Centre|isbn=|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_07.pdf}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240909193351/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/regmi/pdf/Regmi_07.pdf |date=9 September 2024 }} * {{Citation|author-last=आचार्य|author-first=बाबुराम|journal=|title=चवन्न सालको घटना|volume=7|issue=11|date=1 November 1975|origyear=२०१८|pages=210-215|publisher=|isbn=|url=}} {{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}} [[श्रेणी:विशाल नेपाल]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:चौतारिया खलक]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजकुमारहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]] [[श्रेणी:निर्वासित नेपालीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:खस जाति]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणका मानिसहरू]] io8oekkcmsbu5m62jylqckn0lh2rbj9 0 8705 1358398 1242848 2026-06-08T11:22:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358398 wikitext text/x-wiki नेपालमा २०१४ सालमा गठित प्रेस कमिसनको प्रतिवेदनका आधारमा २०२४ सालमा प्रेस सल्लाहकार समिति गठन भयो । २०२७ सालमा नाम परिवर्तन गरी प्रेस सल्लाहकार परिषद् नामकरण गरियो ।{{cn}} त्यसपछि छापाखाना र प्रकाशनसम्बन्धी ऐन, २०१९ को दफा ३० क बमोजिम वि.सं. २०२७ असोज ६ गते प्रेस काउन्सिल नेपालको विधिवत् स्थापना भएको हो । प्रेस काउन्सिल ऐन, २०४८ को दफा ६ बमोजिम १ जना अध्यक्ष र ९ जना सदस्य नेपाल सरकारले बढीमा ४ वर्षका लागि नियुक्त गर्नसक्ने र नेपाल पत्रकार महासङ्घको सभापति÷अध्यक्ष पदेन–सदस्य, सूचना विभागका [[महानिर्देशक]] सदस्य–सचिव रहने गरी काउन्सिलको गठन हुने व्यवस्था रहेको छ । हालको प्रेस काउन्सिल नेपाल प्रेस काउन्सिल ऐन, २०४८ बमोजिम पत्रकारिताको पेशागत उच्चतम् आचरण कायम राखी स्वस्थ, स्वतन्त्र र उत्तरदायी पत्रकारिताको विकास तथा सम्वद्र्धन गर्न अविछिन्न उत्तराधिकारवाला एक स्वशासित र संगठित संस्थाको रूपमा गठन भई सञ्चालनमा रहेको छ । सञ्चारमाध्यमको अनुगमन, मूल्याङ्कन गरी मर्यादीत तथा जिम्मेवार बनाउन प्रेस काउन्सिल नेपालको महत्त्वपूर्ण भूमिका रहेको छ । प्रेस काउन्सिल ऐन, २०४८ बमोजिम पत्रकारिताको पेशागत उच्चतम आचरण कायम राखी स्वस्थ, स्वतन्त्र र उत्तरदायी पत्रकारिताको विकास तथा सम्वर्दनका लागि प्रेस काउन्सिलको स्थापना भएको र यसैका लागि क्रियाशील रहेको छ । २०४८ सालमा ऐन जारी भएतापनि प्रेस काउन्सिलको स्थापना २०२७ असोज ६ गते भएको हो ।{{cn}} पत्रकार आचारसंहिताको पालनाबाट मर्यादित, जिम्मेवार पत्रकारिताको विकास गर्ने, प्रेस स्वतन्त्रताको संरक्षण संम्बद्र्धन गर्दै पत्रकार आचारसंहिता पालना गर्न उत्प्रेरित गर्नुका साथै नेपाल सरकार र सञ्चारमाध्यामका बीच पुलको रूपमा कार्य गर्ने अहम जिम्मेवारी काउन्सिलको रहेको छ । काउन्सिलले पत्रकार आचारसंहिता उल्लङ्घनका विषयमा उजुरी सुन्ने, सो उपर अध्ययन अनुसनधान गरी आवश्यक कारवाही गर्ने, आचारसंहिता सम्बन्धी जागरण अभियान सञ्चालन गर्ने, आसञ्चारमाध्यममा आचारसंहिताको अनुगमन गर्ने, पत्रकारितको विकासका लागि सरकारलाई सुझाव दिने प्रमुख कार्यहरु गर्दै आएको छ । ===उद्देश्य=== प्रेस काउन्सिल ऐन, २०४८ ले काउन्सिलका उद्देश्यहरू देहायबमोजिम निर्धारण गरेको छः * स्वस्थ पत्रकारिताको विकासका लागि उपयुक्त वातावरण सृजना गर्ने । * प्रेस स्वतन्त्रताको दुरूपयोग हुन नदिने पत्रकारितासम्बन्धी आचारसंहिता तोक्ने । * प्रेस र नेपाल सरकारबीच सौहार्दपूर्ण सम्बन्ध कायम राख्ने । * सार्वजनिक नैतिकता र नागरिकहरूको मर्यादा कायम राख्न लगाउने । * प्रेसको स्वतन्त्रता र पत्रकारिताको मर्यादामाथि हस्तक्षेप हुन नदिन प्रयत्नशील रहने । ===कार्यहरू=== प्रेस काउन्सिल ऐन २०४८ द्वारा काउन्सिलको काम कर्तव्य र अधिकार देहायबमोजिम तोकिएको छः * पत्रकारितासम्बन्धी नीतिलाई समयसमयमा अवलोकन गरी सम्बन्धित क्षेत्रको राय सल्लाह लिई नेपाल सरकारलाई सुझाव दिने । * स्वस्थ पत्रकारिताको विकास गर्न पत्रकारितासम्बन्धी आचारसंहिता तयार गरी लागु गर्ने । * पत्रकारिताको विकासका लागि नेपाल सरकारलाई सुझाव दिने । * पत्रकारिताको वितरण स्थितिको अद्यावधिक अभिलेख राख्ने । * पत्रपत्रिकामा प्रकाशित समाचारसँग सम्बन्धित विषयलाई लिएर कसैले काउन्सिलमा उजुरी दिएमा सो सम्बन्धमा आवश्यक कारवाही गर्ने । * पत्रपत्रिकाको गतिविधि एवं वस्तुस्थितिबारे अध्ययन र मुल्याङ्कनसहितको वार्षिक प्रतिवेदन नेपाल सरकारसमक्ष पेश गर्ने । * पत्रपत्रिकामा प्रकाशित असामाजिक र आपत्तिजनक कुराहरूको सम्बन्धमा छानबिन गर्ने । ===सम्पर्क ठेगाना=== प्रेस काउन्सिल, नेपाल<br/> गोश्वारा हुलाक पोष्ट बक्स नं. ३०७७,<br/> सञ्चार ग्राम, तिलगंगा, काठमाण्डौ, नेपाल<br/> फोन: ००९७७-१-४११२६७८, ४११२७९९<br/> फ्याक्स: ००९७७-१-४११२६९४<br/> ईमेल: presscouncilnepal@gmail.com पत्रपत्रिका व्यवस्थापन प्रणाणीको लागिः http://newspapers.presscouncilnepal.org{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ===आधिकारीक वेबसाईट=== [http://www.presscouncilnepal.org www.presscouncilnepal.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126192027/http://presscouncilnepal.org/mediadevelopmentfund.php |date=2013-11-26 }} * [[श्रेणी:सरकारी कार्यालयहरू]] 3pfzy61cuijif8b9b8fszxqt76l08xx 0 8790 1358387 1333316 2026-06-08T10:57:03Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सुगौली सन्धिअघि */ 1358387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{प्रमुख लेख चिन्ह}} {{Infobox treaty | name = सुगैली सन्धि | long_name = | image = Sugauli treaty.jpg<!-- Example.png --> | image_width = <!-- 200px --> | image_alt = <!-- alt-text here for accessibility; see [[MOS:ACCESS]] --> | caption = <!-- Example caption for either image style --> | type = | context = | date_drafted = | date_signed = १८७२ मङ्सिर १९<!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | location_signed = | date_sealed = | date_effective = १८७२ फागुन २४ | condition_effective = | date_expiration = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} OR: --> | date_expiry = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | mediators = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | negotiators = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | original_signatories = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | signatories = [[गजराज मिश्र]] र [[चन्द्र शेखर उपाध्याय]] (नेपाल) <br> प्यरिस ब्राड्स (इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी)<!-- format this as a bullet list --> | parties = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | ratifiers = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | depositor = <!-- OR: --> | depositories = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | citations = <!-- format as XX [[Article on Treaty Series|TS]] YYY --> | language = <!-- OR: --> | languages = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | wikisource = <!-- OR: --> | wikisource1 = <!-- Up to 5 wikisourceN variables may be specified --> | footnotes = }} [[चित्र:India 1792 shepherd 1923.jpg|200px|thumb|right|greater nepal map with british india map]] '''सुगौली सन्धि''' नेपाल र तत्कालिन इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी बीचमा भएको सम्झौता हो जसबाट नेपाल अंग्रेज युद्धको विधिवत समाप्ति भएको थियो। यो सन्धिमा नेपालले आफ्नो अधीनस्थ भूमिको २ तिहाई भू-भाग गुमाउनु परेको थियो। यो सन्धिमा [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी|ब्रिटिश इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी]] र [[नेपाल]] बीच २ डिसेम्बर १८१५ मा हस्ताक्षर भएको र यसको पुष्टि ४ मार्च १८१६ भएको थियो। यो सन्धि गरेर ब्रिटिशद्वारा पर्वतीय राज्य नेपालमाथि दोस्रो पल्ट आक्रमण गरिंदा उब्जेको सन् १८१४ देखि १८१६ सम्म चलेको अंग्रेज-नेपाली युद्धलाई समाप्त गरियो। सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गर्नेमा नेपाल पक्षबाट राजगुरू [[गजराज मिश्र]] र [[चन्द्र शेखर उपाध्याय]] तथा ब्रिटिश (कम्पनी) पक्षका लेफ्टिनेन्ट कर्नेल प्यरिस ब्राड्स थिए। सन्धिमा नेपालले लडाईंमा जितेको भूमि छोड्नुपर्ने, ब्रिटिश प्रतिनिधि काठमाडौँमा राखिने, गोर्खालाई ब्रिटिश सेनामा भर्ती गरिने र नेपालले अमेरिकी अथवा युरोपी कर्मचारीलाई राख्ने अधिकारबाट पनि वंचित हुनुपर्यो। यस अघि फ्रान्सका कमाण्डरहरूलाई नेपाली सेनालाई तालीम दिने काममा लगाइन्थ्यो। यस सन्धिमा एक तिहाई भूभाग नेपालले गुमाउनु पर्यो। यस अन्तर्गत [[दार्जिलिङ]][[सिक्किम]]को क्षेत्र पनि पर्छ, यहाँका राजा छोग्यालले अंग्रेज-नेपाली युद्धमा ब्रिटिशलाई सघाएका थिए। नेपालले गुमाएका क्षेत्रहरूमा काली नदीको पश्चिमी भाग [[कुमाऊँ मण्डल|कुमाउँ]](वर्तमान उत्तराखण्ड), [[गढवाल]](वर्तमान उत्तराखण्ड), [[सतलज नदी]]को पश्चिमतर्फका केही क्षेत्रहरू कांगडा (वर्तमान हिमाचल प्रदेश) र तराई क्षेत्रका धेरै भागहरू। तराई क्षेत्रका केही भागहरू सन् १८१६ मा नेपाललाई फर्काइयो र सन् १८५७ को विद्रोहलाई दबाउन नेपालले दिएको सहयोगको निम्ति कृतज्ञता प्रकट गर्न पुनः यस क्षेत्रका केही भागहरू (हालका [[बाँके जिल्ला|बाँके]], [[बर्दिया जिल्ला|बर्दिया]], [[कैलाली जिल्ला|कैलाली]] र [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला|कञ्चनपुर]]) सन् १८६५ मा नेपाललाई फर्काइयो जसलाई [[नयाँ मुलुक]] भनिन्छ। नेपाल अधिराज्यमा प्रवेश पाउने ब्रिटिश प्रतिनिधि एडवार्ड गार्डनर नैं प्रथम पश्चिमी प्रतिनिधि भए। उनी उत्तर काठमाडौँको एउटा परिसरमा बसे, जुन परिसरलाई [[लाजिम्पाट]] भनिन्छ र यहाँ भारत र ब्रिटिशका दूतावासहरू छन्। सुगौली सन्धिलाई सँच्याउने अर्को सदाको निम्ति शान्ति एवं मैत्री सन्धि डिसेम्बर १९२३ मा भयो जसमा ब्रिटिश प्रतिनिधिलाई ब्रिटिश राजदूतको दर्जा दिइयो। भारत स्वतन्त्र भएपछि भारत र नेपाल बीच ताजा सम्बन्ध राख्न अलग्गै सन्धि गरियो। == सुगौली सन्धिअघि == [[चित्र:सुगौली सन्धि.png|thumb|200px|सुगौली सन्धिले सीमारेखामा ल्याएको अन्तर]] सुगौली सन्धि हुनु अघि [[दार्जिलिङ|दार्जीलिंग]], पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिस्टा]]सम्म, दक्षिण-पश्चिममा [[नैनीताल]], [[कुमाऊँ मण्डल|कुमाउँ]], [[गढवाल मण्डल|गढवाल]] र पश्चिममा बशाहरसम्म नेपालको भूभाग थियो तर वर्तमान कालमा यी क्षेत्र भारतका भूभागमा पदर्छन्। == सन्धिवार्ता == नेपालीहरूले बहादुरीसाथ लडेका थिए, तापनि धन र जनले सुसंपन्न शत्रुसितको भीषण मुकाबिलामा नेपाल विजयी हुन सकेन। सेनापति काजी [[अमरसिंह थापा]]को [[आत्मसमर्पण (सैन्य)|आत्मसमर्पण]] पछि त नेपालको युद्ध जित्ने आशा नै मर्न गयो, र अन्तमा विवश मई सन्धिको प्रस्तावका निम्ति बाध्य हुनुपयो । आखिर सन्धिका निम्ति कुरा चल्यो । नेपालसरकारको प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप [[गजराज मिश्र|गजराज]] [[गजराज मिश्र|मिश्र]] तथा चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायहरूले -ब्रिटिश कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप भई आएका कर्नल ब्राडशासित संधिवार्ताहरूमा भाग लिए । वार्तामा कंपनी सरकारका प्रतिनिधिले- 'नेपालको संपूर्ण तराईक्षेत्रमा कंपनी सरकारको अधिकार हुनेछ' भन्ने शर्त राखेको हुँदा पहिलो वार्ता असफल भई टुंगियो । प्रतिनिधिहरू आफआफ्नो देशमा फर्की पुनः युद्धको तयारीमा लाग्न थाले । पछि कंपनीसरकारका अधिकारीहरूले नेपालको संपूर्ण तराई खण्ड लिने मनसुबालाई त्यागेर कोशी र गण्डकीको बीचको भूभाग र अरू केही- क्षेत्र मात्र आफूसँग राखी त्यसको सट्टा दुइ लाख रुपियाँ नेपालसरकारलाई दिने भन्ने शर्त राखी संधि गर्न मञ्जर गरी प्रतिनिधि पठाएको हुँदा- पुनः संधिवार्ता चालू हुन गयो । संधिको प्रस्तावनामा मेजर ब्राडशाले सन् १८१५ डिसेम्बर २ तारीखका दिन सही गरे; र नेपाली प्रतिनिधिले चाहि २८ नोवेम्बरमा सही गरिसकेका थिए । यस संधिको आखिरी दफामुताबिक नेपालसरकारबाट पन्ध्र दिनभिन्न तथा बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट बीस दिनभित्र, अथवा सकेसम्म त्योभन्दा पनि अगाडि स्वीकृति लिनुपर्ने थियो । तर निश्चित अवधिभिन नेपालसरकारबाट स्वीकृति प्राप्त हुन सकेन । नेपालदरबारमा अंग्रेजद्वारा प्रेषित यस संधिलाई स्वीकार गर्ने नगर्ने, भन्ने कुरामा ठूलो बहस चल्यो । [[अमरसिंह थापा]], [[रणजोर थापा]]हरू पुनः युद्ध गर्ने पक्षमा थिए । उनीहरूको विचारानुसार वर्षा प्रारम्भ हुनासाथ अंग्रेजहरू पछाडि हट्न बाध्य हुने थिए । तर त्यस बेलाको स्थिति यस्तो भैसकेको थियो कि लडाइँ जारी गरिराख्नमा नेपाललाई कल्याण थिएन, न त संभव नै थियो। सन्धिपत्रमा नेपालसरकारतर्फबाट निश्चित अवधिभिन्न सही नभएकोले तथा नेपालको युद्ध ने गर्ने इरादा थियो भन्ने किसिमको सूचना पाएकोले- मेजर जनरल ऑक्टरलोनीको नेतृत्वमा एक दल फौजले काठमाडौंतिर प्रस्थान गयो। युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने भारादारमध्येका [[रणजोर थापा]]ले आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[हरिहरपुरगढी|हरिहरपुरको गढी]]लाई रक्षा गर्न सकेनन्। उता अक्टरलोनी [[चुरे|चुरेको पहाड]] हुँदै मकवानपुर पुगे। मकवानपुरमा पनि नेपालीहरू हारेपछि नेपालसरकारका युद्धपक्षीय भारादारहरूसमेत संधिका निम्ति तयार भए। नेपालसरकारका प्रतिनिधि गराई लालमोहर लागेको सन्धिको प्रतिलिपिसमेत दिइएर चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय मकवानपुर पठाइए । नेपालीहरूले अगाडि नै कुरा टुंगिसकेकोमा संधिमा सही नगरी युद्ध लम्ब्याएको अपराधमा- पूर्वनिश्चित संधि मात्र लागू नभइ चूरेसम्म कम्पनीसरकारको सीमाना हुनेछ, भनी ऑक्टरलोनीले कुरा थपे । युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ,भन्ने भारादारहरू त्यसमा पनि मञ्जर गरी संधिका निम्ति लडखडाइसकेका थिए । नेपालसरकारको स्वीकृतिको छाप लागेको संधिपत्रको प्रति चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले सन् १८१६ मार्च ४ तारीखका दिन (संवत् १८७२ सालमा) दिउँसोको साढे दुइ बजे अंग्रेज कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिका हात मकवानपुरमा सुम्पे, तथा अंग्रेज प्रतिनिधिले बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट स्वीकृत गरिएको प्रति नेपाली प्रतिनिधिको जिम्मा लाइदिए। र यसरी करीब २ वर्षदेखि नेपाल र बृटिश भारतको बीच चलेको युद्ध बन्द भइ शान्ति कायम भयो । == नेपालले स्वेच्छाले सुगौली सन्धि गरेको थिएन== ब्रिटिश भारतका प्रोविनेन्सहरू र नेपालको स्थिति]] १. ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनीले सन्धिको मस्यौदा तारिक २ दिशम्बर १८१५ गर्‍यो जसमा लेफ्टिनेन्ट् कर्नल प्यारिस् ब्राडशाले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए, सो सन्धि हस्ताक्षर गरेर १५ दिन भित्रमा फिर्ता पठाउने अन्तिम चेतावनी दिंदै नेपाल पठाइयो। नेपाललाई ती शर्तहरू मंजूर थिएनन्, यस कारण नेपालले तोकिएको म्यादमा हस्ताक्षर गरेन। त्यसपछि ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनीले काठमाडौँमा आक्रमण हुन गइरहेको हल्ला फिंजाउनुका साथै सेनाको हलचल गरायो। राजधानीमा आक्रमण अपरिहार्य बुझेर सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गर्न बाध्य बन्यो। २. सुगौली सन्धि नेपालमाथि लादिएको थियो, राजा तथा उच्चपदस्थ अधिकारीहरू यसमा हस्ताक्ष‍र गर्न चाँहदैनथे। तर नेपाल बाध्य बन्यो- यसका शर्तहरू मान्न। पण्डित गजराज मिश्र र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले सुगौली भन्ने ठाउँमा ब्रिटिशको शिविरमा गई ४ मार्च १८१६ का दिन यस सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गरे। ३.नेपालले १५ दिने म्यादलाई लत्याएर ९३ औँ दिनमा हस्ताक्षर गरयो। सन्धि सोही दिनदेखि लागू गरियो। == सन्धिको वैधता== १. सन्धिको अनुच्छेद ९ मा राजाद्वारा सन्धि मञ्जुर गरिनु पर्ने कुरा लेखिएको भएपनि राजा [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|गीर्वाण युद्ध बिक्रम]]बाट यस्तो गरेको कुनै रिकर्ड छैन। २. ब्रिटिशलाई नेपालले सन्धिको पालना गर्दैन भन्ने ठूलो डर थियो। यस कारण गभर्नर जनेरल डेबिड अक्टरलोनीले ब्रिटिश सरकारको पक्षबाट सन्धि लागू भएको पुष्टि गरे र सन्धिको एक प्रति चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायलाई सुम्पिइयो। == सीमा विवाद== सन्धिमा राष्ट्रको सीमांकन स्पष्ट नभएकोले आज पनि विवाद कायम छ। * सन्धिमा सीमा रेखा स्पष्ट नभएकोले सीमांकन गर्न समस्या परिरहेछ। लगभग ६०००० हेक्टेयर जमीनमा आज पनि विवाद छ।यी जमीनहरूमा दाबी प्रतिदाबी, बहस आदी चलिरहेका छन्। * परिणाम स्वरूप नेपाल भारत सीमामा अतिक्रमणका आरोपहरू एकार्कामा लगाइन्छ। यस्ता ५४ वटा क्षेत्रहरू छन्। यिनमा [[कालापानी]], [[लिम्पियाधुरा]], [[सुस्ता गाउँपालिका|सुस्ता]], [[मेची अञ्चल|मेची]]क्षेत्र, टनकपुर, सन्दाकपुर, [[पशुपतिनगर, इलाम|पशुपतिनगर]], हिले थोरी आदि हुन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== *[[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|गोरखा युद्ध]] *[[:en:List of treaties|सन्धिहरूको सूची]] *[[सिक्किम]] *[[:en:Kumaon Division|कुमाउ]] *[[:en:Garhwal Kingdom|गडवाल]] *[[विशाल नेपाल]] ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.nepalicongress.org.np/contents/nepal/treaties/2.php Treaty Text and Related Documents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528083207/http://www.nepalicongress.org.np/contents/nepal/treaties/2.php |date=2006-05-28 }} *[http://www.nepaldemocracy.org/documents/treaties_agreements/nep_india_open_border.htm Indian-Nepalese Border] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालले लडेका युद्धहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालले गरेका सन्धि]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] c7y2y2bw9e127ty7qm928avfhypa803 1358388 1358387 2026-06-08T10:57:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्धिवार्ता */ 1358388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{प्रमुख लेख चिन्ह}} {{Infobox treaty | name = सुगैली सन्धि | long_name = | image = Sugauli treaty.jpg<!-- Example.png --> | image_width = <!-- 200px --> | image_alt = <!-- alt-text here for accessibility; see [[MOS:ACCESS]] --> | caption = <!-- Example caption for either image style --> | type = | context = | date_drafted = | date_signed = १८७२ मङ्सिर १९<!-- {{Start date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | location_signed = | date_sealed = | date_effective = १८७२ फागुन २४ | condition_effective = | date_expiration = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} OR: --> | date_expiry = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | mediators = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | negotiators = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | original_signatories = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | signatories = [[गजराज मिश्र]] र [[चन्द्र शेखर उपाध्याय]] (नेपाल) <br> प्यरिस ब्राड्स (इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी)<!-- format this as a bullet list --> | parties = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | ratifiers = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | depositor = <!-- OR: --> | depositories = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | citations = <!-- format as XX [[Article on Treaty Series|TS]] YYY --> | language = <!-- OR: --> | languages = <!-- format this as a bullet list --> | wikisource = <!-- OR: --> | wikisource1 = <!-- Up to 5 wikisourceN variables may be specified --> | footnotes = }} [[चित्र:India 1792 shepherd 1923.jpg|200px|thumb|right|greater nepal map with british india map]] '''सुगौली सन्धि''' नेपाल र तत्कालिन इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी बीचमा भएको सम्झौता हो जसबाट नेपाल अंग्रेज युद्धको विधिवत समाप्ति भएको थियो। यो सन्धिमा नेपालले आफ्नो अधीनस्थ भूमिको २ तिहाई भू-भाग गुमाउनु परेको थियो। यो सन्धिमा [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी|ब्रिटिश इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी]] र [[नेपाल]] बीच २ डिसेम्बर १८१५ मा हस्ताक्षर भएको र यसको पुष्टि ४ मार्च १८१६ भएको थियो। यो सन्धि गरेर ब्रिटिशद्वारा पर्वतीय राज्य नेपालमाथि दोस्रो पल्ट आक्रमण गरिंदा उब्जेको सन् १८१४ देखि १८१६ सम्म चलेको अंग्रेज-नेपाली युद्धलाई समाप्त गरियो। सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गर्नेमा नेपाल पक्षबाट राजगुरू [[गजराज मिश्र]] र [[चन्द्र शेखर उपाध्याय]] तथा ब्रिटिश (कम्पनी) पक्षका लेफ्टिनेन्ट कर्नेल प्यरिस ब्राड्स थिए। सन्धिमा नेपालले लडाईंमा जितेको भूमि छोड्नुपर्ने, ब्रिटिश प्रतिनिधि काठमाडौँमा राखिने, गोर्खालाई ब्रिटिश सेनामा भर्ती गरिने र नेपालले अमेरिकी अथवा युरोपी कर्मचारीलाई राख्ने अधिकारबाट पनि वंचित हुनुपर्यो। यस अघि फ्रान्सका कमाण्डरहरूलाई नेपाली सेनालाई तालीम दिने काममा लगाइन्थ्यो। यस सन्धिमा एक तिहाई भूभाग नेपालले गुमाउनु पर्यो। यस अन्तर्गत [[दार्जिलिङ]][[सिक्किम]]को क्षेत्र पनि पर्छ, यहाँका राजा छोग्यालले अंग्रेज-नेपाली युद्धमा ब्रिटिशलाई सघाएका थिए। नेपालले गुमाएका क्षेत्रहरूमा काली नदीको पश्चिमी भाग [[कुमाऊँ मण्डल|कुमाउँ]](वर्तमान उत्तराखण्ड), [[गढवाल]](वर्तमान उत्तराखण्ड), [[सतलज नदी]]को पश्चिमतर्फका केही क्षेत्रहरू कांगडा (वर्तमान हिमाचल प्रदेश) र तराई क्षेत्रका धेरै भागहरू। तराई क्षेत्रका केही भागहरू सन् १८१६ मा नेपाललाई फर्काइयो र सन् १८५७ को विद्रोहलाई दबाउन नेपालले दिएको सहयोगको निम्ति कृतज्ञता प्रकट गर्न पुनः यस क्षेत्रका केही भागहरू (हालका [[बाँके जिल्ला|बाँके]], [[बर्दिया जिल्ला|बर्दिया]], [[कैलाली जिल्ला|कैलाली]] र [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला|कञ्चनपुर]]) सन् १८६५ मा नेपाललाई फर्काइयो जसलाई [[नयाँ मुलुक]] भनिन्छ। नेपाल अधिराज्यमा प्रवेश पाउने ब्रिटिश प्रतिनिधि एडवार्ड गार्डनर नैं प्रथम पश्चिमी प्रतिनिधि भए। उनी उत्तर काठमाडौँको एउटा परिसरमा बसे, जुन परिसरलाई [[लाजिम्पाट]] भनिन्छ र यहाँ भारत र ब्रिटिशका दूतावासहरू छन्। सुगौली सन्धिलाई सँच्याउने अर्को सदाको निम्ति शान्ति एवं मैत्री सन्धि डिसेम्बर १९२३ मा भयो जसमा ब्रिटिश प्रतिनिधिलाई ब्रिटिश राजदूतको दर्जा दिइयो। भारत स्वतन्त्र भएपछि भारत र नेपाल बीच ताजा सम्बन्ध राख्न अलग्गै सन्धि गरियो। == सुगौली सन्धिअघि == [[चित्र:सुगौली सन्धि.png|thumb|200px|सुगौली सन्धिले सीमारेखामा ल्याएको अन्तर]] सुगौली सन्धि हुनु अघि [[दार्जिलिङ|दार्जीलिंग]], पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिस्टा]]सम्म, दक्षिण-पश्चिममा [[नैनीताल]], [[कुमाऊँ मण्डल|कुमाउँ]], [[गढवाल मण्डल|गढवाल]] र पश्चिममा बशाहरसम्म नेपालको भूभाग थियो तर वर्तमान कालमा यी क्षेत्र भारतका भूभागमा पदर्छन्। == सन्धिवार्ता == नेपालीहरूले बहादुरीसाथ लडेका थिए, तापनि धन र जनले सुसंपन्न शत्रुसितको भीषण मुकाबिलामा नेपाल विजयी हुन सकेन। सेनापति काजी [[अमरसिंह थापा]]को [[आत्मसमर्पण (सैन्य)|आत्मसमर्पण]] पछि त नेपालको युद्ध जित्ने आशा नै मर्न गयो, र अन्तमा विवश मई सन्धिको प्रस्तावका निम्ति बाध्य हुनुपयो । आखिर सन्धिका निम्ति कुरा चल्यो । नेपालसरकारको प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप [[गजराज मिश्र|गजराज]] [[गजराज मिश्र|मिश्र]] तथा [[चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय]]हरूले -ब्रिटिश कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप भई आएका कर्नल ब्राडशासित संधिवार्ताहरूमा भाग लिए । वार्तामा कंपनी सरकारका प्रतिनिधिले- 'नेपालको संपूर्ण तराईक्षेत्रमा कंपनी सरकारको अधिकार हुनेछ' भन्ने शर्त राखेको हुँदा पहिलो वार्ता असफल भई टुंगियो । प्रतिनिधिहरू आफआफ्नो देशमा फर्की पुनः युद्धको तयारीमा लाग्न थाले । पछि कंपनीसरकारका अधिकारीहरूले नेपालको संपूर्ण तराई खण्ड लिने मनसुबालाई त्यागेर कोशी र गण्डकीको बीचको भूभाग र अरू केही- क्षेत्र मात्र आफूसँग राखी त्यसको सट्टा दुइ लाख रुपियाँ नेपालसरकारलाई दिने भन्ने शर्त राखी संधि गर्न मञ्जर गरी प्रतिनिधि पठाएको हुँदा- पुनः संधिवार्ता चालू हुन गयो । संधिको प्रस्तावनामा मेजर ब्राडशाले सन् १८१५ डिसेम्बर २ तारीखका दिन सही गरे; र नेपाली प्रतिनिधिले चाहि २८ नोवेम्बरमा सही गरिसकेका थिए । यस संधिको आखिरी दफामुताबिक नेपालसरकारबाट पन्ध्र दिनभिन्न तथा बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट बीस दिनभित्र, अथवा सकेसम्म त्योभन्दा पनि अगाडि स्वीकृति लिनुपर्ने थियो । तर निश्चित अवधिभिन नेपालसरकारबाट स्वीकृति प्राप्त हुन सकेन । नेपालदरबारमा अंग्रेजद्वारा प्रेषित यस संधिलाई स्वीकार गर्ने नगर्ने, भन्ने कुरामा ठूलो बहस चल्यो । [[अमरसिंह थापा]], [[रणजोर थापा]]हरू पुनः युद्ध गर्ने पक्षमा थिए । उनीहरूको विचारानुसार वर्षा प्रारम्भ हुनासाथ अंग्रेजहरू पछाडि हट्न बाध्य हुने थिए । तर त्यस बेलाको स्थिति यस्तो भैसकेको थियो कि लडाइँ जारी गरिराख्नमा नेपाललाई कल्याण थिएन, न त संभव नै थियो। सन्धिपत्रमा नेपालसरकारतर्फबाट निश्चित अवधिभिन्न सही नभएकोले तथा नेपालको युद्ध ने गर्ने इरादा थियो भन्ने किसिमको सूचना पाएकोले- मेजर जनरल ऑक्टरलोनीको नेतृत्वमा एक दल फौजले काठमाडौंतिर प्रस्थान गयो। युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने भारादारमध्येका [[रणजोर थापा]]ले आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[हरिहरपुरगढी|हरिहरपुरको गढी]]लाई रक्षा गर्न सकेनन्। उता अक्टरलोनी [[चुरे|चुरेको पहाड]] हुँदै मकवानपुर पुगे। मकवानपुरमा पनि नेपालीहरू हारेपछि नेपालसरकारका युद्धपक्षीय भारादारहरूसमेत संधिका निम्ति तयार भए। नेपालसरकारका प्रतिनिधि गराई लालमोहर लागेको सन्धिको प्रतिलिपिसमेत दिइएर चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय मकवानपुर पठाइए । नेपालीहरूले अगाडि नै कुरा टुंगिसकेकोमा संधिमा सही नगरी युद्ध लम्ब्याएको अपराधमा- पूर्वनिश्चित संधि मात्र लागू नभइ चूरेसम्म कम्पनीसरकारको सीमाना हुनेछ, भनी ऑक्टरलोनीले कुरा थपे । युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ,भन्ने भारादारहरू त्यसमा पनि मञ्जर गरी संधिका निम्ति लडखडाइसकेका थिए । नेपालसरकारको स्वीकृतिको छाप लागेको संधिपत्रको प्रति चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले सन् १८१६ मार्च ४ तारीखका दिन (संवत् १८७२ सालमा) दिउँसोको साढे दुइ बजे अंग्रेज कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिका हात मकवानपुरमा सुम्पे, तथा अंग्रेज प्रतिनिधिले बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट स्वीकृत गरिएको प्रति नेपाली प्रतिनिधिको जिम्मा लाइदिए। र यसरी करीब २ वर्षदेखि नेपाल र बृटिश भारतको बीच चलेको युद्ध बन्द भइ शान्ति कायम भयो । == नेपालले स्वेच्छाले सुगौली सन्धि गरेको थिएन== ब्रिटिश भारतका प्रोविनेन्सहरू र नेपालको स्थिति]] १. ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनीले सन्धिको मस्यौदा तारिक २ दिशम्बर १८१५ गर्‍यो जसमा लेफ्टिनेन्ट् कर्नल प्यारिस् ब्राडशाले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए, सो सन्धि हस्ताक्षर गरेर १५ दिन भित्रमा फिर्ता पठाउने अन्तिम चेतावनी दिंदै नेपाल पठाइयो। नेपाललाई ती शर्तहरू मंजूर थिएनन्, यस कारण नेपालले तोकिएको म्यादमा हस्ताक्षर गरेन। त्यसपछि ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनीले काठमाडौँमा आक्रमण हुन गइरहेको हल्ला फिंजाउनुका साथै सेनाको हलचल गरायो। राजधानीमा आक्रमण अपरिहार्य बुझेर सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गर्न बाध्य बन्यो। २. सुगौली सन्धि नेपालमाथि लादिएको थियो, राजा तथा उच्चपदस्थ अधिकारीहरू यसमा हस्ताक्ष‍र गर्न चाँहदैनथे। तर नेपाल बाध्य बन्यो- यसका शर्तहरू मान्न। पण्डित गजराज मिश्र र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले सुगौली भन्ने ठाउँमा ब्रिटिशको शिविरमा गई ४ मार्च १८१६ का दिन यस सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गरे। ३.नेपालले १५ दिने म्यादलाई लत्याएर ९३ औँ दिनमा हस्ताक्षर गरयो। सन्धि सोही दिनदेखि लागू गरियो। == सन्धिको वैधता== १. सन्धिको अनुच्छेद ९ मा राजाद्वारा सन्धि मञ्जुर गरिनु पर्ने कुरा लेखिएको भएपनि राजा [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|गीर्वाण युद्ध बिक्रम]]बाट यस्तो गरेको कुनै रिकर्ड छैन। २. ब्रिटिशलाई नेपालले सन्धिको पालना गर्दैन भन्ने ठूलो डर थियो। यस कारण गभर्नर जनेरल डेबिड अक्टरलोनीले ब्रिटिश सरकारको पक्षबाट सन्धि लागू भएको पुष्टि गरे र सन्धिको एक प्रति चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायलाई सुम्पिइयो। == सीमा विवाद== सन्धिमा राष्ट्रको सीमांकन स्पष्ट नभएकोले आज पनि विवाद कायम छ। * सन्धिमा सीमा रेखा स्पष्ट नभएकोले सीमांकन गर्न समस्या परिरहेछ। लगभग ६०००० हेक्टेयर जमीनमा आज पनि विवाद छ।यी जमीनहरूमा दाबी प्रतिदाबी, बहस आदी चलिरहेका छन्। * परिणाम स्वरूप नेपाल भारत सीमामा अतिक्रमणका आरोपहरू एकार्कामा लगाइन्छ। यस्ता ५४ वटा क्षेत्रहरू छन्। यिनमा [[कालापानी]], [[लिम्पियाधुरा]], [[सुस्ता गाउँपालिका|सुस्ता]], [[मेची अञ्चल|मेची]]क्षेत्र, टनकपुर, सन्दाकपुर, [[पशुपतिनगर, इलाम|पशुपतिनगर]], हिले थोरी आदि हुन्। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== *[[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|गोरखा युद्ध]] *[[:en:List of treaties|सन्धिहरूको सूची]] *[[सिक्किम]] *[[:en:Kumaon Division|कुमाउ]] *[[:en:Garhwal Kingdom|गडवाल]] *[[विशाल नेपाल]] ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://www.nepalicongress.org.np/contents/nepal/treaties/2.php Treaty Text and Related Documents] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060528083207/http://www.nepalicongress.org.np/contents/nepal/treaties/2.php |date=2006-05-28 }} *[http://www.nepaldemocracy.org/documents/treaties_agreements/nep_india_open_border.htm Indian-Nepalese Border] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} {{नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालले लडेका युद्धहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालले गरेका सन्धि]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] 9c6u1vnfdyf3weq5gx0i8169wq9a6z3 0 12561 1358364 1216093 2026-06-08T06:44:30Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1358364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lotshampa refugees in Beldangi Camp.jpg|300px|thumb|पूर्व नेपालको शरणार्थी शिविरमा रहदै आएका भुटानी शरणार्थीहरू|link=Special:FilePath/Bhutanirefugee.jpg]] '''भुटानी [[शरणार्थी]]हरू''' नेपाली मूलका [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दू]] धर्मावलम्बी मानिसहरूको एक समूह हो, जुन सन १९९० देखि पूर्व नेपालको [[मोरङ जिल्ला|मोरङ]] र [[झापा जिल्ला|झापा]] जिल्लाको शिविरहरूमा बसो-बास गर्दै आइरहेको छन्। उनिहरूबाट जबरजस्ती भुटानी नागरिकता खोसेर [[भुटान]]बाट लखेटिएको भन्ने उनीहरूको दावी छ। नेपाल र भुटानले स्वदेश फिर्ता गर्ने सम्झौता कार्यान्वयन गर्न नसकेपछि अधिकांश भुटानी शरणार्थीहरू [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र शरणार्थी उच्च आयोग|संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घीय शरणार्थी उच्चायुक्त]]को कार्यालयको रेखदेखमा [[उत्तर अमेरिका|उत्तरी अमेरिका]], [[ओसिनिया|ओशिनिया]] र [[युरोप]]मा पुनर्वास गरेका छन्। == इतिहास == [[भुटान]]मा दुई प्रकारका नेपाली मूलका मानिस बसोबास गर्छन- एक जो पहिलेदेखि नै भुटानमा बस्दथे, अर्को जो सन १९५० को दशकमा [[भारत]]बाट भुटानमा बसाइ सरे। [[भुटानी महायान बौद्ध]] सम्प्रदाय (जो [[तिब्बत]]बाट भुटानमा फैलियो) को विकासमा नेपाली राजकुमारी [[भृकुटी]] र नेपाली कलाकार [[अरनिको]]ले योगदान दिएका छन। अतः नेपाली कलाकार तथा शिल्पकार मध्ययुग देखि नै भुटानमा कला, स्तुप निर्माण आदि को लागि जाने गर्दथे। भुटानमा १९ औँ शताब्दीदेखि नै नेपाली मूलको मानिसहरूहरु बसोबास गर्दै आएको इतिहास छ। भारतको उत्तर-पूर्वी ७ राज्यहरूमा पनि नेपाली मूलका मानिसहरू [[भारतको स्वतन्त्रता]] भन्दा पहिले देखि नै बस्दै आएका थिए। तर यि राज्यहरूमा स्थानीय जातिहरूको बढी अधिकार दिने व्यवस्था गरेपछि यि ठाउँहरूमा बस्ने नेपालीहरूको जीवन कठिन हुँदै गयो। अतः सन १९५० को दसकमा उनिहरु भुटानको दक्षिणी भागमा तथा [[नेपाल]], [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[सिक्किम]] आदि ठाउँहरूमा बस्न थाले । सन १९५० सम्ममा स्थानान्तरीत जातिहरूले नेपाल तथा भुटानमा [[नागरिकता]] पनि प्राप्त गरे। १९८८ मा लिइएको भुटानी जनसङ्ख्या तथ्याङ्कले, नेपाली मूलका मानिसहरूको जनसङ्ख्या ४० प्रतिशत भइ सकेको देखायो र भुटानका [[ड्रुक]] समुदायको जनसङ्ख्या वृद्धिदर नेपाली मूलका जनसङ्ख्याको वृद्धिदर भन्दा कम थियो । यो तथ्याङ्क सम्प्रेषणको केही समय पछि भुटानी सरकारले नेपाली समुदायलाई भुटानी संस्कृतिमा समाहित गर्ने प्रयास गर्यो। यो प्रयास मार्फत विद्यालयहरूमा [[नेपाली]] भाषाको पठनपाठनमा रोक लगाइयो; [[दौरा]], [[धोती]], [[साडी]], [[कुर्ता]] आदिको सट्टा [[भुटानी राष्ट्रिय पोसाक]] लगाउनमा जोड दिइयो। यिनै नयाँ नितिहरूले गर्दा भारतबाट बसाई सरेर आएका नेपालीहरु र भुटानमा पहिलेदेखि नै बसोबास गर्दै गरेका नेपाली मूलका मानिसहरूले विरोध सुरु गरे। यो विरोधको नेतृत्व भुटानका नरेशका सल्लाहकार [[टेकनाथ रिजाल]]ले गर्नुभयो। [[नेपाली भाषा]], [[हिन्दु धर्म]], वैदिक संस्कारमा आधारित नेपाली संस्कृतिलाई पनि भुटानी मूलप्रवाहमा समावेश गर्न माग सहित सुरु भएको विरोध पछि गएर [[लोकतन्त्र|प्रजातन्त्र]] स्थापनाको माग सम्म पुग्यो। त्यस अवस्थामा भुटानी राजशाहीले आन्दोलनकारीहरूलाई देशद्रोहीको आरोपमा पकड्न थाले। साथै दक्षिणी भुटान स्थित भारतबाट आएर स्थापित भएका नेपाली मूलका मानिसहरूको [[नागरिकता]] फर्जी करार दिय। यसको साथसाथै नेपाली मूलका आन्दोलनकारीहरु लाई पनि गैर-नागरिक घोषित गरेर देश निकाला गरी दिए। दक्षिणी भुटानमा नेपाली मूलका मानिसहरु लाई गरिएको दमन तथा कारवाहीको डरले पनि केहि मानिसहरु भुटान छोडेर भागे। <ref name="two">{{cite news|url=http://annapurnapost.com/news/78043 |title=भुटानी शरणार्थी : देशले बोलाउने आस| accessdate=03 nov 2019}}</ref> भारत र भुटानको मैत्री सम्बन्धको कारण शरणार्थीहरूलाई भारतमा शरण दिइएन। अतः धेरैजसो शरणार्थी नेपालको [[झापा जिल्ला]]मा रहेको शरणार्थी शिविरमा बस्न थाले। == भुटानको दृष्टिकोण == भुटानी शरणार्थी (ल्होतसम्पा) दक्षिण भुटानमा १९औं शताब्दिदेखि नै बसोबास गर्दै हुनुहुन्थ्यो, उँहालाई सन १९८८ को मूलूककै प्रथम जनगणना पछि भुटानबाट बाहिर खेदिइयो। उँहा अहिले पूर्व नेपालको शरणार्थी शिविरमा जीवन बिताई रहनुहुँदैछ। == नयाँ विकास == नेपालले यो समस्या भुटानी आन्तरिक समस्याको रूपमा लियो किनकि यो समस्या नेपाल र नेपाली बिच जोडिएको थिएन। तर एक लाख शरणार्थीलाई पालन-पोषण गर्नु नेपालको लागि कठिन हुँदै थियो। साथै, नेपाली मूल, हिंदू संस्कृति (त्यो समय नेपाल एक मात्र हिन्दु राष्ट्र थियो) आदिसँग सम्बन्धित दबाब (प्रेसर) बढेपछि सन १९९९ मा नेपालका तत्कालीन प्रधानमन्त्री कृष्ण प्रसाद भट्टराईले [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र|संयुक्त राष्ट्र सङ्घ]]लाई यस समस्याको बारेमा जानकारी गराउनुभयो। वर्षौ सम्म शरणार्थीको जीवन गुजार्न बाध्य शरणार्थीहरूले [[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|माओवादी]]को प्रभावबाट भुटानी कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी) को स्थापना गरे जुन भुटानमा राजतन्त्र समाप्त गरी एक कम्युनिस्ट [[गणतन्त्र]] भुटानको स्थापना गर्न चाहन्थ्यो। अन्तराष्ट्रिय समुदायको लामो छानबिन पछि तथा प्रतिहिंसाको सम्भावनालाई मध्यनजर गरी यि शरणार्थीहरूलाई [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]], [[ब्रिटेन]], [[अस्ट्रेलिया]] तथा अन्य युरोपी राष्ट्रमा लैजाने प्रस्ताव ल्याए। यस प्रस्तावमा भुटानी शरणार्थीहरूको मिश्रित प्रतिक्रिया आयो। केहि मानिस अब कुनै पनि देशमा [[नागरिक]] बनेर बस्न चाहन्छन त केहि मानिस अफ्नो देशमा नै फर्कन चाहन्छन ।<ref name="one">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-47606941 |title=भुटानी शरणार्थी: कसैको स्वदेश फर्कने इच्छा, कसैको नेपालमै समायोजन होस् भन्ने |accessdate=03 Nov 2019}}</ref> ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{ढाँचा:नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:भुटान]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा शरणार्थी]] aubw357gic4010yskaf4pbt3prwctoj 0 16210 1358290 1357882 2026-06-07T16:12:03Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] हटाइयो; [[श्रेणी:पश्चिम बङ्गालका विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = बागडोगरा विमानस्थल | image = Bagdogra_International_Airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = | IATA = IXB | ICAO = VEBD | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_label = '''IXB'''/VEBD | type = भन्सार विमानस्थल | owner = [[भारतीय वायुसेना]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[सिलिगुडी]] | location = [[बागडोगरा]], सिलिगुडी, [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-f = 412 | elevation-m = 126 | coordinates = {{Coord|26|40|52|N|088|19|43|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/bagdogra}} | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-f = 9,035 | r1-length-m = 2,754 | r1-surface = [[कङ्क्रिट]]/[[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ३२,१९,४१० ({{increase}} ३.२%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = २२,३९० ({{increase}} ७.४%) | stat3-header = माल भार | stat3-data = ८,९५२ ({{increase}} ६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''बागडोगरा विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|IXB|VEBD}} [[भारत]]को [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]] राज्यमा रहेको [[सिलिगुडी]]मा अवस्थित एक भन्सार विमानस्थल होI यो विमानस्थल सहरी क्षेत्रबाट {{cvt|12|km}} दक्षिण-पश्चिम [[बागडोगरा]]मा रहेको छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|title=Airports Authority of India|access-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222055616/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को बागडोगरा वायुसेना स्टेसनमा एक नागरिक उड्डयनको रूपमा सञ्चालित छ। यो [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[गान्तोक]], [[खरसाङ]], [[कालेबुङ|कालिम्पोङ]], [[मिरिक]] र उत्तर बङ्गाल क्षेत्रका अन्य भागहरूका पहाडी स्टेसनहरूको प्रवेशद्वार हो। सिलिगुडी, एक प्रमुख यातायात र आर्थिक केन्द्र भएको कारणले यो विमानस्थलले वार्षिक रूपमा हजारौं यात्रु र पर्यटकहरूलाई सेवा दिदैँ आएको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061013155636/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp Civil Aerodrome Bagdogra] ( [[भारतीय वायुसेवा प्राधिकरण]]को आधिकारिक वेबसाइट) [[श्रेणी:पश्चिम बङ्गालका विमानस्थलहरू]] {{stub}} jaw1kqdzoxuzsg9f1mr93s4uxi54r2r 1358291 1358290 2026-06-07T16:12:23Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] जोडियो 1358291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = बागडोगरा विमानस्थल | image = Bagdogra_International_Airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = | IATA = IXB | ICAO = VEBD | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_label = '''IXB'''/VEBD | type = भन्सार विमानस्थल | owner = [[भारतीय वायुसेना]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[सिलिगुडी]] | location = [[बागडोगरा]], सिलिगुडी, [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-f = 412 | elevation-m = 126 | coordinates = {{Coord|26|40|52|N|088|19|43|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/bagdogra}} | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-f = 9,035 | r1-length-m = 2,754 | r1-surface = [[कङ्क्रिट]]/[[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ३२,१९,४१० ({{increase}} ३.२%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = २२,३९० ({{increase}} ७.४%) | stat3-header = माल भार | stat3-data = ८,९५२ ({{increase}} ६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''बागडोगरा विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|IXB|VEBD}} [[भारत]]को [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]] राज्यमा रहेको [[सिलिगुडी]]मा अवस्थित एक भन्सार विमानस्थल होI यो विमानस्थल सहरी क्षेत्रबाट {{cvt|12|km}} दक्षिण-पश्चिम [[बागडोगरा]]मा रहेको छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|title=Airports Authority of India|access-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222055616/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को बागडोगरा वायुसेना स्टेसनमा एक नागरिक उड्डयनको रूपमा सञ्चालित छ। यो [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[गान्तोक]], [[खरसाङ]], [[कालेबुङ|कालिम्पोङ]], [[मिरिक]] र उत्तर बङ्गाल क्षेत्रका अन्य भागहरूका पहाडी स्टेसनहरूको प्रवेशद्वार हो। सिलिगुडी, एक प्रमुख यातायात र आर्थिक केन्द्र भएको कारणले यो विमानस्थलले वार्षिक रूपमा हजारौं यात्रु र पर्यटकहरूलाई सेवा दिदैँ आएको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061013155636/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp Civil Aerodrome Bagdogra] ( [[भारतीय वायुसेवा प्राधिकरण]]को आधिकारिक वेबसाइट) [[श्रेणी:पश्चिम बङ्गालका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] {{stub}} rafdqu2rw8aicfjt5ww2o27cjjrqrhg 1358297 1358291 2026-06-07T16:21:11Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] हटाइयो; [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] जोडियो 1358297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = बागडोगरा विमानस्थल | image = Bagdogra_International_Airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = | IATA = IXB | ICAO = VEBD | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_label = '''IXB'''/VEBD | type = भन्सार विमानस्थल | owner = [[भारतीय वायुसेना]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[सिलिगुडी]] | location = [[बागडोगरा]], सिलिगुडी, [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-f = 412 | elevation-m = 126 | coordinates = {{Coord|26|40|52|N|088|19|43|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/bagdogra}} | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-f = 9,035 | r1-length-m = 2,754 | r1-surface = [[कङ्क्रिट]]/[[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ३२,१९,४१० ({{increase}} ३.२%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = २२,३९० ({{increase}} ७.४%) | stat3-header = माल भार | stat3-data = ८,९५२ ({{increase}} ६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''बागडोगरा विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|IXB|VEBD}} [[भारत]]को [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]] राज्यमा रहेको [[सिलिगुडी]]मा अवस्थित एक भन्सार विमानस्थल होI यो विमानस्थल सहरी क्षेत्रबाट {{cvt|12|km}} दक्षिण-पश्चिम [[बागडोगरा]]मा रहेको छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|title=Airports Authority of India|access-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222055616/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को बागडोगरा वायुसेना स्टेसनमा एक नागरिक उड्डयनको रूपमा सञ्चालित छ। यो [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[गान्तोक]], [[खरसाङ]], [[कालेबुङ|कालिम्पोङ]], [[मिरिक]] र उत्तर बङ्गाल क्षेत्रका अन्य भागहरूका पहाडी स्टेसनहरूको प्रवेशद्वार हो। सिलिगुडी, एक प्रमुख यातायात र आर्थिक केन्द्र भएको कारणले यो विमानस्थलले वार्षिक रूपमा हजारौं यात्रु र पर्यटकहरूलाई सेवा दिदैँ आएको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061013155636/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp Civil Aerodrome Bagdogra] ( [[भारतीय वायुसेवा प्राधिकरण]]को आधिकारिक वेबसाइट) [[श्रेणी:पश्चिम बङ्गालका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] {{stub}} ox1izp3tco0c99xeti4nxwiuyu4q4im 1358298 1358297 2026-06-07T16:22:08Z Biplab Anand 13653 विस्तार गरियो 1358298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = बागडोगरा विमानस्थल | image = Bagdogra_International_Airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = | IATA = IXB | ICAO = VEBD | pushpin_map = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_label = '''IXB'''/VEBD | type = भन्सार विमानस्थल | owner = [[भारतीय वायुसेना]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[सिलिगुडी]] | location = [[बागडोगरा]], सिलिगुडी, [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-f = 412 | elevation-m = 126 | coordinates = {{Coord|26|40|52|N|088|19|43|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/bagdogra}} | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-f = 9,035 | r1-length-m = 2,754 | r1-surface = [[कङ्क्रिट]]/[[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ३२,१९,४१० ({{increase}} ३.२%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = २२,३९० ({{increase}} ७.४%) | stat3-header = माल भार | stat3-data = ८,९५२ ({{increase}} ६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''बागडोगरा विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|IXB|VEBD}} [[भारत]]को [[पश्चिम बङ्गाल]] राज्यमा रहेको [[सिलिगुडी]]मा अवस्थित एक भन्सार विमानस्थल होI यो विमानस्थल सहरी क्षेत्रबाट {{cvt|12|km}} दक्षिण-पश्चिम [[बागडोगरा]]मा रहेको छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|title=Airports Authority of India|access-date=2 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222055616/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को बागडोगरा वायुसेना स्टेसनमा एक नागरिक उड्डयनको रूपमा सञ्चालित छ। यो [[दार्जिलिङ]], [[गान्तोक]], [[खरसाङ]], [[कालेबुङ|कालिम्पोङ]], [[मिरिक]] र उत्तर बङ्गाल क्षेत्रका अन्य भागहरूका पहाडी स्टेसनहरूको प्रवेशद्वार हो। सिलिगुडी, एक प्रमुख यातायात र आर्थिक केन्द्र भएको कारणले यो विमानस्थलले वार्षिक रूपमा हजारौं यात्रु र पर्यटकहरूलाई सेवा दिदैँ आएको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20061013155636/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/bagdogra_generalinfo.jsp Civil Aerodrome Bagdogra] ( [[भारतीय वायुसेवा प्राधिकरण]]को आधिकारिक वेबसाइट) ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:पश्चिम बङ्गालका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] {{stub}} gq5s01rlxqtdyzznw0j77kaamjjyodh 10 16751 1358379 1021898 2026-06-08T09:38:16Z CommonsDelinker 144 Replacing Flag_of_Peru_(war).svg with [[File:State_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the war flag, this is the State flag [ht 1358379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = पेरू | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825–1950).svg | flag alias-state = Flag of Peru (state).svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Peruvian Army.svg | flag alias-naval = Flag of Peru (state).svg | flag alias-air force = Flag of the Peruvian Air Force.svg | flag alias-military=State flag of Peru.svg | link alias-military=Peruvian Armed Forces | flag alias-marines = Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | flag alias-navy = Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-army = Peruvian Army | link alias-air force = Peruvian Air Force | link alias-naval = Peruvian Navy | link alias-marines = Peruvian Naval Infantry | link alias-navy = Peruvian Navy | flag alias-football = Flag of Peru (state).svg | flag alias-beach soccer = Flag of Peru (state).svg | flag alias-futsal = Flag of Peru (state).svg | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = 1825 | var2 = state | redir1 = PER </noinclude> }} 1d6lcg9nxdv88bcqfk90z1nw0zk5k2w 0 23298 1358098 1349515 2026-06-07T12:37:18Z ~2026-33774-35 79166 /* इतिहास */ 1358098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Beautiful kamalpokhari.jpg|thumb|300px|कमल पोखरीको दृष्य]] '''कमल पोखरी''' ({{lang-new|थँ वहिल}}) [[काठमाडौँ]]को केन्द्रमा रहेको एक प्रसिद्ध धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक महत्त्व बोकेको [[पोखरी]] हो।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.kharibot.com/news-details/25245/2018-12-04 |title=कमल पोखरी निर्माणको ढाँचा तयार, ०७६ सालको छठसम्ममा निर्माण सम्पन्न हुने |website=खरिबोट |accessdate=2020-08-31}}</ref> वि.सं. २०३३ सालकै अभिलेख अनुसार त्यतिवेला पोखरीको क्षेत्रफल ३० रोपनी ५ आना ३ पैसा १ दाम थियो। नापी विभागमा दर्ता हुनु अगावै वि.सं. २०३३ सालमा कमल पोखरी क्षेत्रफल ४६ रोपनी रहेको थियो तर हाल २३ रोपनी १४ आनामा खुम्चिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thahakhabar.com/news/56134 |title=कमल पोखरी निर्माणको ढाँचा तयार, आगामी छठसम्म सम्पन्न गरिने |website=थाहा खबर |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/18881/2019-07-04 |title=एक वर्ष भित्र कमल पोखरी पुनर्निर्माण सम्पन्न गर्ने लक्ष्य |website=नयाँ पत्रिका |language=नेपाली |accessdate=2020-08-31 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == बि.स २००० लाग्नु भन्दा अगाडिको अवधीमा यस्ता सार्वजनिक जग्गा प्राय मन्दिरको नाममा हुन्थय।कति राणहरु भोगचलन गर्दथे।ऐतिहासिक तथ्यलाई हेर्दा यो जग्गा पनि १९७७ सालमा श्री ३ चन्द्र शमेशेर राणाका छोरा  केशर शमेशेरले  बलजफती आफनो कम्पाउन्डमा भित्र पारेको देखिन्छ ।तर पूजापाठमा समस्या भएको भन्दै स्थानीयको बिराध पछि १९७८ देखि यो जग्गा प्रयोग गरे बापत बार्षिक १२५ रुपिया दिने भए ।राणा बिरुद्ध लडने अवस्था नभएकाले जात्रा पर्वका फूल सम्म टिप्न पाउने गरि जग्गाको मोही केशर शमशेर नै कायम भए।तर भमि सम्बिन्ध ऐन २०२१ लागु भएपछि यो जग्गाहरु गुठीको नाममा आयो।तर मोही केशर शमशेरको परिवार कायम थियो ।केशर शमशेरको मृत्यु पश्यात छोरा कयूशमेशरले जग्गा आफनो नाममा बनाउन कित्तकाट गरे।२०३३ सालमा २६ रोपनी ५ आनामा फैलिएको पोखरी किता नम्बर १६७ मा मात्र पारि १२ रोपनी १३ आना २ पैसा २ दाम सिमित गरियो।सोही किताको पोखरीमा अहिले छायाँ सेन्टर ठडिएको छ । छायाँ सेन्टरको बनेको पोखरी हो भने यो प्रमाण हेनुहोस।नापीको आधारमा बनाएको फिल बुकमा यो किता  पोखरी बनाइ सार्वजनिक गरिएको छ ।२०३३ सालमा सर्वेच्चले गरेको फैसालमा समेत यो जग्गा कमल पोखरी र बिकमशिल महाविहार अन्तर्गत सिहंसार्थ महागुठीको नाममा रहेको मिलापत्र छ ।यतिबेला सम्म पनि गुठी संस्थानजको जग्गा भएपनि मोही चाहि कयूशमेशर नै थिए ।२०३९ सालमा उनले हतार हतार १६७ नम्बर कितालाई तिन भाग लगाए ।त्यसमध्या १६१८ किता नम्बर आफ नै नाममा कायम गरे ।२०३३ सालमा नै गुठी ऐनले मोहीको हक समाप्त पारिसकेको थियो ।यद्यपी  सता र शक्तिको आडमा उनले मोही नलाग्ने पोखरीमा दर्तावाल मोही कायम गराएका थिए।असली खेल कयूको मृत्युपछि चल्यो। उनको मृत्युपछि  श्रीमती अम्बिका राणले कमल पोखरीलाई  पोखरी भनि आफनो नाम जग्गा ल्यानी प्रपन्च सुरु गरिन।२०४४ सालमा गुठी संस्थानमा पधाधिकारी र केही ब्यक्तिलाइ प्रभावमा पारि यो जग्गा  अम्बिका राणा र उनका दाजु शंकर प्रसाद शाहको नाममा नाटकिय रुपमा नामसरी भयो ।तर २०६४ सालमा आएर यो जग्गा अर्को ब्यक्तिलाई दिए। त्यो अरु कसैलाई नभएर आफनै नातेदार हिमालय शमशेर राणाकी छोरी तथा पृथ्वीबहादुर पाण्डेकी श्रीमती प्रतिमा राणा पाण्डेको नाममा जग्गा आईपुग्यो।तर २०६५ सालमा प्रतिमाले पोखरीको जग्गा आफनै श्रीमान अध्यक्ष रहेको छायाँ देबी कम्प्लेक्सका नाममा नामसरी गरिदिन ।जहाँ पृथ्वीबहादुर पाण्डेले आफनी आमा छायाँ देबीको फोटो भित्तामा टासेर २०७१ सालमा छाया सेन्टर बनाए।परात्व सम्पादलाई मासेर आहिले ब्यापार चलिरहेको छ ।उति बेला राणाले गरेको जालझेल अहिले पाण्डे समूले गरिरहेको छ।छाँय सेन्टर बन्नुअगाडि नै २०६९ सालमा गुठी सम्बध ब्यक्तिहरुले यसका बिरुद्ध मुद्धा हालेका छन ।अहिले सम्म छायाँ सन्टर बिरुद्ध १७ वटा मुद्धा सर्वेच्च अदालतमा बिचारधीन छन ।तर मुद्धा बिचारधीन रहेकै बेला सता र शक्तिको आडमा भवन सम्पन गरि पाण्डेले सार्वजनिक स्थलमा नै १५ तले भवन खडा गरेका मात्र छैनन बागमती सभव्यताको चिरहरण गरेका छन।तर पनि राज्यका निकायहरु मौन छन।पाण्डेले बलियो साथ नेपाली काग्रेसको नेता रामशरण महतबाट पाएका थिए । महत अर्थमन्त्री भएका बेला राज्यको निकायलाई चुनौती दिने गरि ठडिएको थियो।सरकारी,सार्वजनिक जग्गा ,गुठीको जग्गा संरक्षण सम्बिन्ध बनेको जाचबुझ आयोगले निषकश निकालेको थियो।किनकि यहाँ महतका छोरा  तथा पृथ्वीबहादुर पाण्डेका दाईका  ज्वाई अमेरिक नागरिक रक्षक महतको नाममा ५० लाख र रामशरण महतकी बुहारी पारुल पाण्डेको नाममा समेत ८ लाख ५७ हजार बराबरको सरुवाती सेयर लगानी पाईएको छ।छायाँ सेन्टरको ४३ जना लगानी कर्ता मध्य पुच्छारमा हेनुहोस त रक्षक र पारुलको नाममा समते सेयर रहेको देखिन्छ।यसको मतलब महतले समेत सेयर लिएर पाण्डेलाइ सघाएको बुझिन्छ।उनलाई समेत कानुनी दायरामा ल्याएर छानबीन गर्न आबश्यक देखिन्छ ।यसबाहेक महेश्वरप्रकाश श्रेष्ठको ४ करोड ७३ लाख र उनको कम्पनी हिमालयन इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चरमार्फत ३ करोड ४८ लाख,सुमनविक्रम पाण्डे, दीपक शेरचन र किरणमान शेरचन करिब साढे पाँच करोड, मिजास भट्टचनको ३ करोड ५४ लाख, मनोहरप्रसाद शेरचनको १ करोड ६० लाख, प्रजन्य राजभण्डारी र उनका छोराहरूको पनि यसमा लागानी रहेको बताइन्छ ।यति हुदाँ हुदै पनि पाण्डेले आईपीओ ल्याने समेत तयारी गरेका थिए।छायाँदेवी कम्प्लेक्स अर्थात छायाँ सेन्टरले नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड (सेबोन) मा १४ लाख ३७ हजार ५ सय कित्ता साधारण सेयर निष्कासनका लागि आवेदन दिएको थियो । == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[रानी पोखरी]] * [[नाग पोखरी]] {{coord|27.7111287|85.3244457|region:NP|display=title}} {{stub}} [[श्रेणी:पर्यटकीय स्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाका पोखरीहरू]] 44lhxg6cveahnkvbyszj2lrrxpbg4y0 0 31447 1358336 1291667 2026-06-08T04:44:18Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 पर्वत सुवेदी ले [[समागाउँ]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[सामागाउँ]] मा सारेको हो 1291667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी --> |name = |other_name = |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = पूर्व गाविस |motto = <!-- चित्र र नक्सा--> |image_skyline = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = <!-- NepalGorkhaDistrictmap.png --> |mapsize = 300px |map_caption = गोरखा जिल्लाका गाउँ विकास समितिहरूको नक्सा |pushpin_map = Nepal Gandaki Province#Nepal |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption = नेपालको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति <!-- अवस्थिति --> |subdivision_type = देश |subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} |subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] |subdivision_name1 = [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] |subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] |subdivision_name2 = [[गोरखा जिल्ला]] <!-- राजनीति --> |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> |leader_name1 = |established_title = <!-- Settled --> |established_date = <!-- क्षेत्रफल --> |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = ३४२<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_total_sq_mi = <!-- जनसङ्ख्या --> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको एघारौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०६८|वि.सं २०६८]] |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = 604 |population_density_km2 = auto |population_blank1_title = जातीयता |population_blank2_title = Religions <!-- साधारण जानकारी --> |timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] |utc_offset = +५:४५ |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|28.00|84.71|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> |postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... --> |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |website = |footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[नेपालको पूर्व प्रशासनिक विभाजन]] अनुसार, [[पश्चिमाञ्चल विकास क्षेत्र|पश्चिमाञ्चल]] विकास क्षेत्रको [[गण्डकी अञ्चल]], [[गोरखा जिल्ला]]मा अवस्थित एक [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]] थियो। [[नेपालको एघारौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०६८|एघारौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०६८]]मा यहाँको जनसङ्ख्या ६०४ रहेको थियो जसमध्ये २८१ पुरुष र ३२३ महिला रहेका थिए भने यहाँ १९७ घरधुरी रहेको थियो।<ref>{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://mofald.gov.np/mofald/userfiles/docs_206.pdf|शीर्षक=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०६८| प्रकाशक=[[नेपाल सरकार]] '''केन्द्रिय तथ्याङ्क विभाग'''|प्रारूप=पिडिएफ |कार्य=राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग सचिवालय}}</ref><ref name="नेपालको राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०६८ (गाविस तह)">{{cite news|title=नेपालको राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०६८ (गाविस तह)|url=http://elibrary.xyz/cbs/image/data/Population/VDC-Municipality%20in%20detail/VDC_Municipality.pdf|accessdate=नोभेम्बर २०१२|agency=नेपाल सरकार|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय योजना आयोग]]|date=नोभेम्बर २०१२|ref=केन्द्रीय तथ्याङ्क विभाग}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304223834/http://elibrary.xyz/cbs/image/data/Population/VDC-Municipality%20in%20detail/VDC_Municipality.pdf |date=2016-03-04 }}</ref> यो हाल [[चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका]]मा पर्दछ। यो चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिकाको वडा नम्बर १ हो। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{गोरखा जिल्लाका गाविसहरू}} [[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका ठाउँहरू]] amv1z1w4ldc8yofc3nkhsrhwil5j64x 0 47419 1358342 1356594 2026-06-08T05:09:24Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सम्मान */ 1358342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox royalty | name = श्री साहेबज्यु पुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाह | title = | full name = श्री साहेबज्यु पुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाह | house = [[शाह वंश]] | type = वंश | father = ''जनरल साहेबज्यु'' झरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह | mother = ''साहेबज्यु रानी'' नयन राज्य लक्ष्मी | spouse = ''साहेबज्यु रानी'' लिला राज्यलक्ष्मी | issue = रिद्धि राज्य लक्ष्मी शाह <br />माधुरी राज्य लक्ष्मी शाह <br />तारिणी विक्रम शाह | birth_date = {{Birth date|1900|01|20|df=y}}{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} | birth_place = [[हनुमानढोका]], [[बसन्तपुर]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1976|5|1|1900|df=yes}}{{citation needed|date=December 2021}} | death_place = छप्कैया दरबार, वीरगञ्ज | religion = [[हिन्दु]] }} {{Infobox officeholder |office1 = शाही सल्लाहकार परिषद |term_start1 = 1955 |term_end1 = 1956 |monarch1 =[[राजा महेन्द्र]] |office2 = रक्षामन्त्री |prime_minister2 = [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के आइ सिंह]] |term_start2 = 1956 |term_end2 = 1958 |monarch2 =[[राजा महेन्द्र]] |office3 = परराष्ट्र मन्त्री, नेपाल |term_start3 = |term_end3 = |monarch3 =[[राजा महेन्द्र]] |prime_minister3 = [[सुवर्ण शमशेर राणा|सुवर्णशमशेर]] |predecessor3 = [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के.आई. सिंह]] |successor3 = [[बिपी कोइराला]] }} '''श्री साहेबज्यु पुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाह''' नेपालका पूर्वमन्त्री हुन्। उनी [[त्रैलोक्य वीरविक्रम शाह|त्रैलोक्य विक्रम शाह]]का नाति तथा [[झरेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]]का छोरा थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal8 |url=https://www.royalark.net/Nepal/nepal8.htm |access-date=2026-05-23 |website=www.royalark.net}}</ref> उनी [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]द्वारा २०१२ साल वैशाख १ गते गठीत शाही सल्लाहकार सभाको रोयल एडभाइजर थिए भने [[गुञ्जमान सिंह|गुन्जमान सिंह]] प्रीन्सिपल रोयल एडभाइजर थिए । <ref>२०१२ साल वैशाख २ गतेको गो.प.बाट</ref> यिनी [[टङ्कप्रसाद आचार्य|टंङ्कप्रसाद आचार्यको]] मन्त्रीमण्डलमा रक्षा मन्त्री मन्त्री, [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के.आई. सिंह]]को मन्त्रीमण्डलमा रक्षा मन्त्री<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=शाही घोषणा |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=1104 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-01-01 |website=rajpatra.dop.gov.np}}</ref>, [[सुवर्ण शमशेर राणा|सुर्वणसम्शेर ज.ब.रा]]को मन्त्रीमण्डलमा रक्षा तथा परराष्ट्र<ref>{{Cite report|url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=706|title=शूवर्ण शम्सेर जवरा समितिको मन्त्रिहरुको कार्य विभाजन|date=२०१५ जेठ २|publisher=नेपाल गजेट|language=नेपाली}}</ref> भएका थिए। == सम्मान == ;राष्ट्रिय सम्मान * [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]], पहिलो श्रेणी<ref>[http://Rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=4390 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, श्रावण १६ गते २०१६ साल रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना]</ref> * [[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]], पहिलो श्रेणी * राजा त्रिभुवन राज्याभिषेक पदक * राजा त्रिभुवन गद्दी आरोहण रजत जयन्ती पदक * राजा महेन्द्र राज्याभिषेक पदक * राजा वीरेन्द्र राज्याभिषेक पदक ;विदेशी सम्मान * Knight Grand Cross of The Most Distinguished Order of St Michael and St George [GCMG] (1961).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/OrderofStMichaelandStGeorge.aspx|title=Royal Gov UK}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== <references/> [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकारका पूर्व मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका रक्षा मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९०० मा जन्म]] {{stub}} isr1rn959m96cbkfg62erd6l1ck4uwk 0 48746 1358328 1322353 2026-06-08T04:06:52Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 /* पञ्जाबी */ 1358328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{भारतीय व्यञ्जन}} ''पूरन पूर्ण'' हो वा ''दाल बाटी'', ''तंदूरी रोटी'' होस् वा ''शाही पुलाव'', ''पञ्जाबी खाना'' होस् वा ''मारवाडी खाना'', '''भारतीय भोजन'''को आफ्नो एक विशेषता छ र यसै कारणले आज संसारका सबै ठूला देशहरूमा भारतीय भोजनालय पाइन्छन् जो अत्यन्त लोकप्रिय छन्। विदेशहरूमा प्रायः सप्ताहान्त अथवा अवकाशहरूमा भोजनका लागि मानिस भारतीय भोजनालहरूमा नैं जान अधिक इच्छा गर्दछन्। स्वादिष्ट खाना बनाउनु एक कला हो, यसै कारणवश भारतीय संस्कृतिमा यसलाई ''पाक कला'' भनिएको छ। भारतीय भोजन विभिन्न प्रकारको पाक कलाहरूको संगम हो। यसमा पञ्जाबी खाना, मारवाडी खाना, दक्षिण भारतीय खाना, [[शाकाहार|शाकाहारी]] खाना, [[मांसाहारी]] खाना आदि सबै सम्मिलित छन्। भारतीय ग्रेभी, जसलाई कि प्राय करी/तरी पनि भनिन्छ,को आफ्नो अलग्गै इतिहास छ। यो कुरा जान्दा आश्‍चर्य हुनेछ कि भारतीय करीको इतिहास ५००० वर्ष पुरानो छ। प्राचीन कालमा, जब भारत आउनका लागि केवल खैबर-दर्रा नैं एकमात्र मार्ग थियो किनभनें ती दिनहरूमा समुद्री मार्गको खोज पनि भएको थिएन। यहाँ आउने विदेशी व्यापारीहरूलाई भारतीय भोजन प्रति यति विघ्न चासो थियो कि ती यसलाई पकाउने विधि सिक्ने गरिन्थ्यो र भारतका मोतिहरुका साथै साथ विश्‍वप्रसिद्ध गरम मसाला किनेर आफ्नो साथ लान कहिले पनि भुलेनन्। करी शब्द तमिलका कैकारी, जसको अर्थ हुन्छ विभिन्न मसालहरुका साथ पकाएको सब्जी,बाट बनिएको छ। ब्रिटिश शासनकालमा कैकारी प्रति अंग्रेजहरूलाई यति इच्छा पलायो कि उनले त्यसलाई काट-छाँट गरी सानो पारेर '''करी''' बनाई दिए। आज त यूरोपियन देशहरूमा करी इण्डियन डिशेसको पर्याय बनेको छ। स्रोतः [http://www.agoodplace4all.com/recipes/ भारतीय भोजन अनि पाक कला] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409182327/http://agoodplace4all.com/recipes/ |date=2008-04-09 }} == उत्तर भारतीय खाना == * [[कश्मीरी खाना]] ** [[रोगन जोस|रोगन जोश]] * [[पञ्जाबी खाना]] == दक्षिण भारतीय खान == [[दक्षिण भारत|दक्षिण भारतीय]] खाना भारतका द्रविड राज्यहरुका खानालाई भनिन्छ। यसमा मुख्यतः [[तमिलनाडु|तमिल नाडु]], [[कर्नाटक]], [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]] र [[केरल]] राज्य गनिन्छन्। === प्रकार === * [[तमिल खाना]] * [[मलयाली खाना]] * [[कन्नड खाना]] र * [[आन्ध्र खाना]] सामान्यतया यस [[छदराबादी खाना]] गनिंदैन। त्यसको आफ्नो अलग गणना छ। [[इडली]], [[दोसा]], [[सांबर]], [[रसम]], [[उत्तपम]], [[अवियल]], [[वत्ताकुरम]] == मध्य भारतीय खाना == == पश्चिम भारतीय खाना == * [[गुजराती खाना]] ** [[ढोकला]], [[हाँडवो]], [[खांडवी]], [[उन्धीयुं]], [[दाळ ठोकळी]], [[बटाका पौंआ]] === [[मराठी खाना]] === [[पुरण पोळी]], [[आंबट वरण]], पुरण पोली महाराष्ट्रको सांस्कृतिक मिष्टान्न हो। प्रत्येक मङ्गल प्रसंग पुरण पोलीको बिना अधुरो छ। चनाको दाल, गुड र गहुको आटा यी पुरण पोली बनाउने सामग्री हुन्। चनेको दाल उमालेर गुडका साथ मिलाएर पिंधिन्छ। फेरि यी मिश्रण परौठाको प्रकार मुछेर आटामा भरेर आगामा सेकाइन्छ। == पूर्व भारतीय खाना == * [[बङ्गाली खाना]] * [[मैथिल खाना]] ** [[हाल्नु]],[[माछा भात]],[[बओरी]],[[मखानको खीर]],[[सक्रोरी]],[[दहीमाछा]] ,[[दही चिउरा]] , [[तिलकोर]] * [[उत्तर पूर्वको खाना]] ** [[मोमो]], [[थुक्पा]], [[तुंगतप]], [[आंरी]] == पारंपरिक क्षेत्रीय खनपान == === कश्मीरी === * [[यखनी]] * [[कश्मीरी पुलाव]] * [[गुश्तावा]] === पञ्जाबी === * [[तन्दूरी चिकन|तंदूरी चिकन]] * [[तोरीको साग]] * [[दाल मखानी]] * [[छोला भटूरा]] * [[राजमा भात]] === [[अवधी खाना]] === * [[दम पुख्त]] * [[बिरअथवा]] * [[काकोरी कबाब]] * [[शामी कबाब]] * [[मलाई गिलौरी]] === राजस्थानी === * [[दाल बाटी]] * [[चूरमा]] === गुजराती === * [[ढोकला]] * [[खांडवी]] * [[लस्सी]] * [[बाफला]] * [[थेपला]] === मराठी === * [[वडा पाव]] * [[श्रीखंड]] * [[भेलपूर्ण]] === कोंकणी/गोआनी === * [[धनसाक]] * [[विंडालू]] === केरल === * [[अप्पम]] * [[अवियल]] * [[फिश मोली]] === दक्षिण भारतीय === * [[इडली]] * [[सांभर]] * [[मैसूर पाक]] === छदराबादी === * [[छदराबादी बिरअथवा]] * [[हलीम]] * [[दाल गोश्त]] === पूर्वी === * [[भाप्पा इलिश]] * [[माछ झोल]] * [[रसदाना]] * [[संदेश (मिठाई)]] === पूर्वोत्तर === * [[मोमो]] * [[थुपका]] * [[फिश टहरुगा]] == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[मिठाई]] {{भारतीय खाना}} == बाह्य कडीहरू == * [http://hindi.webdunia.com/miscellaneous/cookery/indian/ भारतीय व्यञ्जन] {{Commonscat|Cuisine of India}} [[श्रेणी:भारतीय खाना]] [[श्रेणी:खान पान]] h3u7jkuekmuqsnuu6oby7sqqk47dxde 3 52453 1358109 1358003 2026-06-07T14:05:09Z A826 60418 Bot: Added missing </div> tag to close outer div in WAM 2025 Barnstar message 1358109 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Archives|auto=yes|search=yes}} {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Sita Namaste white.png|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb| सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}}जी''' समस्त [[विकिपीडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईंलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपीडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपीडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू संग्रहित हुन्छन्। *अहिले सम्म नेपाली विकिपीडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईं हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपीडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषा जत्तिकै धनी बनाऔं। *विकिपीडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईं पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा भएका लेखमा थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपीडियामा तपाईंको कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबै भन्दा पहिला दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपीडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेख हरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकिको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपीडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *प्रयोगको लागि [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईंले एउटा विकिपीडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि सहि गर्नुहोला। यसले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्टको लिङ्क र मिति लेखिदिन्छ। मलाई केही कुरा सोध्नु परेमा मेरो नाम पछि लेखिएको (वार्ता)मा थिचेर प्रश्न लेख्नु होला। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपीडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रवन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क गर्नुहोला। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> -[[User:Ganesh Paudel|Ganesh Paudel]] ([[User talk:Ganesh Paudel|कुरा गर्ने]]) १०:१६, ३ अक्टोबर २०१२ (युटिसी(UTC)) * [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Janak_Bhatta/1 प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता(पुरानो)] == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? ; Tool problem : If you faced problem submitting articles via judging tool, use [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/late submit|this meta page]] to do so. Please spread this message with local participants. ; Here are what will come after the end of WAM * Make sure you judge all articles before December 7th, and participants who can improve their contribution (not submit) before December 10th. * Participates still can submit their contribution of November before December 5th at [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/late submit|'''this page''']]. Please let your local wiki participates know. Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Status|'''this page''']] after December 7th * There will be three round of address collection scheduled: December 15th, December 20th, and December 25th. * Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Ambassadors|'''on this page''']], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. * There will be a progress page for the postcards. ; Some Questions * In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[:m:User:Ле Лой|Le Loi]] for more information. Thanks again, Regards <br> [[User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५९, ३ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=18652404 --> [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:५७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == WAM Postcard collection == Dear organiser, Thanks for your patience, I apologise for the delay in sending the Google form for address collection. Please share [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform this form] and the message with the participants who created 4 or more than 4 articles during WAM. We will send the reminders directly to the participants from next time, but please ask the participants to fill the form before January 10th 2019. Things to do: #If you're the only organiser in your language edition, Please accept your article, keeping the WAM guidelines in mind. #Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Ambassadors|'''on this page''']], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. #Please update the status of your language edition in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2018/Status|'''this page''']]. Note: This form is only accessed by WAM international team. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. If you have problems accessing the google form, you can use [[:m:Special:EmailUser/Saileshpat|Email This User]] to send your address to my Email. Thanks :) --[[:m:User:Saileshpat|Saileshpat]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २१:१५, १९ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=18711123 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ का सहभागि विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू, २०१८ को संस्करणमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा '''१७० वटा''' पृष्ठहरू तयार भई यो कार्यक्रम सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न भएको छ । यस कार्यक्रममा ४ वटा भन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागि मित्रहरूलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ पोस्टकार्ड पठाउने तथा यस कार्यक्रममा सबैभन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागीलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना राजदूतको रूपमा चयन गरि प्रमाण पत्र समेत प्रदान गर्ने गरिन्छ । तसर्थ कृपया पोस्टकार्ड तथा प्रमाणपत्रहरूको लागी '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform यहाँ]''' आफ्नो जानकारी मिति १० जनवरी २०१९ सम्ममा राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समुहको तर्फवाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:४३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=694091 --> [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:१२, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == Invitation to Organize Wiki Loves Love 2019 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:WLL Subtitled Logo subtitled b (transparent).svg|frameless|right]] [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Wiki Loves Love]] (WLL) is an International photography competition of Wikimedia Commons to subject love testimonials happening in the month of February 2019. The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. February is around the corner and Wiki Loves Love team invites you to organize and promote WLL19 in your country and join hands with us to celebrate love and document it on Wikimedia Commons. The theme of 2019 is '''Festivals, ceremonies and celebrations of love'''. To organize Wiki Loves Love in your region, sign up at WLL [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Organise|Organizers]] page. You can also simply support and spread love by helping us [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|translate]] the commons page in your local language which is open for translation. The contest starts runs from 1-28 February 2019. Independent from if there is a local contest organised in your country, you can help by making the photo contest Wiki Loves Love more accessible and available to more people in the world by translating the upload wizard, templates and pages to your local language. See for an overview of templates/pages to be translated at our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Translations|Translations page]]. Imagine...The sum of all love! [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/International Team|Wiki Loves Love team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १२:३३, ६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wiki_Loves_Love&oldid=18760999 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:टिप्पणीको लागि अनुरोध/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == डोटेली विकिपिडियामा पृष्ठ निर्माण सम्बन्धमा == यस पृष्ठ https://ne.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80 तत्काल डोटेली विकिपिडियामा बनाउनु आवश्यक देख्दछु। [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १३:११, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ::{{ping|पर्वत सुबेदी}} ज्यू धन्यवाद। == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:५१, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == Editing News #1—July 2019 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="ne" dir="ltr"> ''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|यो अर्को भाषामा पढ्नुहोस्]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|यस बहुभाषिक समाचार पत्रको लागि ग्राह्यता गर्ने सूची]]'' <div style="float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;"> [[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]] <big>'''के तपाईँलाई थाह छ?'''</big> <div class="thumbcaption" style="font-size: 90%;"> के मोबाइल उपकरणहरूमा भिजुअल एडिटर प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने तपाईँलाई थाह थियो? हरेक लेखको माथि सिसाकलम प्रतिमा रहेको हुन्छ। सिसाकलम प्रतिमा [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] मा क्लिक गरेर सम्पादन शुरू गर्न सकिन्छ '''<big>कार्ड सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्</big>''' [[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]] मोबाइल भिजुअल एडिटरमा '''लिङ्कहरू सम्पादन गर्नको लागि सम्पादन कार्ड''' यस्तो देखिन्छ। तपाईँले प्रोटोटाइप यहाँ प्रयास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ : '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 कार्ड सम्पादन गर्न प्रयास गर्नुहोस्]]।''' </div></div> [[mw:Editing|सम्पादन]] जानकारीपत्रमा पुनः स्वागत् छ। [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|पछिल्लो जानकारी पत्र देखि]] पछि समूहले [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|मोबाइल भिजुअल एडिटर]]को लागि दुई विशेषताहरू सार्वजनिक गरिसक्यो र तीन नयाँ विशेषताहरूमा काम गर्न शुरु गरेको छ। यो सबै कार्य समूहको [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|मोबाइल वेबमा सम्पादन सरल बनाउने]] लक्ष्यको हिस्सा हो। समूहले हाल सार्वजनिक गरिएको नयाँ सुविधाबारे कुरा गर्नु पहिले, हामीसँग तपाईँको लागि एउटा प्रश्न छ: <strong>तपाईँले लिङ्कलाई बदल्ने या थप्ने कुनै नयाँ तरिका अपनाउन चाहनुहुन्छ?</strong> यदि चाहनुहुन्छ भने, हामीलाई तपाईँको धारणाको आवश्यकता छ! भिन्न विकिपिडियाहरूमा तपाईँले यो मोबाइल भिजुअल एडिटरमा यो नयाँ औजार प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <em>यी निर्देशनहरू पालना गर्नुहोस् र हामीसँग तपाईँको अनुभव बाँढ्नुहोस्:</em> <strong>[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 सम्पादन कार्ड प्रयास गर्नुहोस्]].</strong> === हालका संस्करणहरू === मोबाइल भिजुअल एडिटर एक सरल सम्पादन औजार हो जसलाई मोबाइल र ट्याब्लेटमा [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|मोबाइल साइट]] चलाउँदा प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। सम्पादन समूहले हालमात्रै मोबाइल भिजुअल एडिटरलाई सुधार गर्न दुई नयाँ सुविधा सार्वजनिक गरेको छ: # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|खण्ड सम्पादन]] #* यसको उदेश्य सम्पादकहरूलाई आफ्नो सम्पादनमा ध्यान जाओस् भन्ने हो। #* समूहले यसबारेमा A/B परीक्षणको माध्यमबाट अध्ययन गर्‍यो। [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing. # [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|ओभरले खोल्ने]] #* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing. Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor. === नयाँ र सक्रिय परियोजना === हाम्रा सक्रिय परियोजनाको सूची यहाँ छ। [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|कार्ड सम्पादन गर्नुहोस्]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles. तपाईँले यो अहिले प्रयास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <em>यहाँ जानुहोस् र कसरी भन्ने हेर्नहोस्</em> [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 <em>सम्पादन कार्ड प्रयास गर्नुहोस्</em>]]. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|मोबाइल टुलबार पुनःताजगी]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize. *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|मोबाइल भिजुअल एडिटर उपलब्धता]]: यो A/B परीक्षण कार्य: ''के नयाँ सम्पादकहरू जसले भिजुअल एडिटर प्रयोग गर्छन् उनीहरू बढी सफल छन्?'' हामी [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|२० विकिपिडियाहरू]] सँग सहकार्य गरेर प्रश्नको जवाफ खोजीरहेकाछौँ। *[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|उपयोगिता सुधार]]: यस आयोजनाले मोबाइल भिजुअल एडिटर प्रयोग गर्न सहज पार्नेछ। यसको लक्ष्य सम्पादनकर्ताहरू सम्पादनमा ध्यानकेन्द्रित गर्न सक्षम पार्ने र सम्पादन औजारमा अझ बढी आत्माविश्वासी बनाउने हो। === अगाडि हेर्नुहोस् === * '''विकिमेनिया:''' सम्पादन समूहका धेरै सदस्यहरू अगस्त २०१९ मा [[wmania:|विकिमेनिया]] मा सहभागी हुनेछन्। उनीहरूले [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|समूदाय वृद्धि स्थानमा]] मोबाइल सम्पादन सम्बन्धि सत्रको नेतृत्व गर्नेछन् । समपादनलाई कसरी राम्रो पार्न सकिन्छ भन्ने बारेमा समूहसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस् । * '''Talk Pages:''' In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis. === थप जान्नुहोस् === The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> १८:३३, २३ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=19219066 --> == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == छलफल: मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन == नमस्ते, [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (विविध)#मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन|मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन]]बारे भइरहेको छलफलमा सहभागी भई टिप्पणी राखिदिनु हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:२६, २४ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=741365 --> == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == Invitation from WAM 2019 == [[File:WAM logo without text.svg|right|200px]] Hi WAM organizers! Hope you are all doing well! Now it's a great time to '''[[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019#Communities_and_Organizers|sign up for the 2019 Wikipedia Asian Month]]''', which will take place in November this year (29 days left!). Here are some updates and improvements we will make for upcoming WAM. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to discuss on [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|the meta talk page]]. #Please add your language project by 24th October 2019. Please indicate if you need multiple organisers by 29th October. #Please update your community members about you being the organiser of the WAM. #We want to host many onsite Edit-a-thons all over the world this year. If you would like to host one in your city, please [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Onsite edit-a-thon|take a look and sign up at this page]]. #Please encourage other organizers and participants to sign-up [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikipedia Asian Month Organisers|in this page]] to receive updates and news on Wikipedia Asian Month. #If you no longer want to receive the WAM organizer message, you can remove your username at [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikipedia Asian Month Organisers|this page]]. Reach out the WAM team here at the [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|meta talk page]] if you have any questions. Best Wishes,<br /> [[User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:०३, २ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=19195667 --> == WikiConference India 2020: IRC today == {{subst:WCI2020-IRC (Oct 2019)}} [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:२७, २० अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI2020&oldid=19473034 --> == WikiConference India 2020: IRC today == Greetings, thanks for taking part in the initial conversation around the [[:m:WikiConference_India_2020:_Initial_conversations|proposal for WikiConference India 2020]] in Hyderabad. Firstly, we are happy to share the news that there has been a very good positive response [[:m:WikiConference_India_2020:_Initial_conversations#Individual_Wikimedians|from individual Wikimedians]]. Also there have been community-wide discussions on local Village Pumps on various languages. Several of these discussions [[:m:WikiConference_India_2020:_Initial_conversations#Community_endorsements|have reached consensus]], and supported the initiative. To conclude this initial conversation and formalise the consensus, an IRC is being hosted today evening. We can clear any concerns/doubts that we have during the IRC. Looking forward to your participation. <u>The details of the IRC are</u> *Timings and Date: 6:00 pm IST (12:30 pm UTC) on 20 August 2019 *Website: https://webchat.freenode.net/ *Channel: #wci <small>'''''Note:''' Initially, all the users who have engaged on [[:m:WikiConference India 2020: Initial conversations|WikiConference India 2020: Initial conversations]] page or its talk page were added to the [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/WCI2020|WCI2020 notification list]]. Members of this list will receive regular updates regarding WCI2020. If you would like to opt-out or change the target page, please do so on [[:m:Global message delivery/Targets/WCI2020|this page]].''</small> This message is being sent again because template substitution failed on non-Meta-Wiki Wikis. Sorry for the inconvenience. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५८, २० अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI2020&oldid=19473034 --> == Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]]. === Help === <strong>What talk page interactions do you remember?</strong> Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else? Whatever your story is, we want to hear it! Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page. <mark>Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the <strong>[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]</strong>.</mark> The team wants your examples. These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage. === Talk pages project === The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools. The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. The team needs and wants your help at this early stage. They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>"Getting involved"</strong>]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate. === Mobile visual editor === The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices. The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ==== [[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link. The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]] * On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor. * There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links. There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]]. * Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]]. ==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ==== [[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor. The old system had two different toolbars. Now, all the buttons are together. [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]] * In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar. Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor. ** <em>One toolbar:</em> All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar. Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things. **<em>New navigation:</em> The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed. **<em>Seamless switching:</em> an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes. * Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]]. === Wikimania === The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden. They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]]. They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors. You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]]. === Looking ahead === * <strong>Talk Pages Project:</strong> The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes. The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|<strong>Getting involved</strong>]]. * <strong>Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:</strong> The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|<strong>VisualEditor as mobile default project page</strong>]]. * <strong>Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:</strong> This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations. The Editing team hopes to share results in November. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|<strong>Edit Cards project page</strong>]]. – [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ११:११, २९ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/VE_201910/1&oldid=19500846 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> गत वर्ष विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा भाग लिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद, र आशा गर्दछु कि तपाईंले यसको आनन्द लिनुभयो । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो, र तपाईंले यसलाई बनाउनु भएको हो । हामी यो नोभेम्बरमा यस कार्यक्रमलाई फेरि आयोजना गर्दैछौं, र तपाईंलाई हामीसँग फेरि सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छौं । यो वर्ष, हाम्रो मापदण्ड उही हो । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३७, ३१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19508878 --> == [WikiConference India 2020] Invitation to participate in the Community Engagement Survey == This is an invitation to participate in the Community Engagement Survey, which is one of the key requirements for drafting the Conference & Event Grant application for WikiConference India 2020 to the Wikimedia Foundation. The survey will have questions regarding a few demographic details, your experience with Wikimedia, challenges and needs, and your expectations for WCI 2020. The responses will help us to form an initial idea of what is expected out of WCI 2020, and draft the grant application accordingly. Please note that this will not directly influence the specificities of the program, there will be a detailed survey to assess the program needs post-funding decision. *Please fill the survey at; https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd7_hpoIKHxGW31RepX_y4QxVqoodsCFOKatMTzxsJ2Vbkd-Q/viewform *The survey will be open until 23:59 hrs of 22 December 2019. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:१०, १२ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI2020&oldid=19617891 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == [WikiConference India 2020] Conference & Event Grant proposal == WikiConference India 2020 team is happy to inform you that the [[m:Grants:Conference/WikiConference India 2020|Conference & Event Grant proposal for WikiConference India 2020]] has been submitted to the Wikimedia Foundation. This is to notify community members that for the last two weeks we have opened the proposal for community review, according to the [[m:Grants:Conference|timeline]], post notifying on Indian Wikimedia community mailing list. After receiving feedback from several community members, certain aspects of the proposal and the budget have been changed. However, community members can still continue engage on the talk page, for any suggestions/questions/comments. After going through the proposal + [[m:Grants:Conference/WikiConference_India_2020#FAQs|FAQs]], if you feel contented, please endorse the proposal at [[m:Grants:Conference/WikiConference_India_2020#Endorsements|''WikiConference_India_2020#Endorsements'']], along with a rationale for endorsing this project. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:०६, २० फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI2020&oldid=19740275 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]] The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]]. The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]] The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now. This early version can sign and indent comments automatically. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].</strong> *On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias: [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]]. If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. *The team is planning some upcoming changes. <strong>Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.</strong> The team will test features such as: **an easy way to mention another editor ("pinging"), **a rich-text visual editing option, and **other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors. To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|<strong>"Get involved"</strong>]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]]. – [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) & [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ००:५०, ९ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=19960602 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == Editing news 2020 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar. [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]] This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias). The Beta Feature is called "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}". The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon. The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing <code>@</code>. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now. Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|<strong>New requirements for user signatures</strong>]]: Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable. Most editors will not be affected. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|<strong>New discussion tool</strong>]]: The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|<strong>Research on the use of talk pages</strong>]]: The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles. We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. – [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ०२:१४, १८ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=20127098 --> == Editing news 2020 #3 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="ne" dir="ltr"> == सम्पादन समाचार २०२० #३ == <em>[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|यो अर्को भाषामा पढ्नुहोस्]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|यस बहुभाषिक समाचार पत्रको लागि ग्राह्यता गर्ने सूची]]</em> [[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=निलो रिबनको साथमा एउटा सुनको तारा र ५० मि शब्द|डेस्कटपमा <strong> ५० लाख सम्पादनहरू </strong> भन्दा बढी सम्पादनहरू भिजुअल सम्पादक प्रयोग गरेर बनाइएको छ।|400px]] सात वर्ष अघि यसै महिनामा, [[mw:Editing team| सम्पादन टोली]]ले प्रायःसबै सम्पादकहरूलाई भिजुअल सम्पादक प्रदान गर्‍यो। त्यसपछि,सम्पादकहरूले धेरै कोशेढुङ्गाहरू पार गरिसकेका छन्। * डेस्कटपमा <strong> ५० लाख सम्पादनहरू</strong> भन्दा बढी सम्पादनहरू भिजुअल सम्पादक प्रयोग गरेर बनाइएको छ। * More than <strong>2 million new articles</strong> have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019. * The visual editor is <strong>increasingly popular</strong>. The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction. * In 2019, <strong>35% of the edits by newcomers</strong> (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has <strong>increased every year</strong>. * Almost <strong>5 million edits on the mobile site</strong> have been made with the visual editor. Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018. * On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 <strong>first edit from outer space</strong>] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀 * Editors have made more than <strong>7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor</strong>, including starting <strong>600,000 new articles</strong> in it. The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode. You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]]. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|वार्ता]]) </div> १८:३३, ९ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=20254527 --> == Editing news 2020 #4 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/August|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> === Reply tool === [[File:Reply Tool weekly edits- March - June, 2020.png|thumb|333x333px|The number of comments posted with the Reply Tool from March through June 2020. People used the Reply Tool to post over <strong>7,400 comments</strong> with the tool.]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]] has been available as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] at the Arabic, Dutch, French and Hungarian Wikipedias since 31 March 2020. The [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Metrics|first analysis showed positive results]]. * More than <strong>300 editors</strong> used the Reply tool at these four Wikipedias. They posted more than <strong>7,400 replies</strong> during the study period. * Of the people who posted a comment with the Reply tool, about 70% of them used the tool multiple times. About 60% of them used it on multiple days. * Comments from Wikipedia editors are positive. One said, <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أعتقد أن الأداة تقدم فائدة ملحوظة؛ فهي تختصر الوقت لتقديم رد بدلًا من التنقل بالفأرة إلى وصلة تعديل القسم أو الصفحة، التي تكون بعيدة عن التعليق الأخير في الغالب، ويصل المساهم لصندوق التعديل بسرعة باستخدام الأداة.</span> ("I think the tool has a significant impact; it saves time to reply while the classic way is to move with a mouse to the Edit link to edit the section or the page which is generally far away from the comment. And the user reaches to the edit box so quickly to use the Reply tool.")[https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=49242252&oldid=49242144] The Editing team released the Reply tool as a Beta Feature at eight other Wikipedias in early August. Those Wikipedias are in the Chinese, Czech, Georgian, Serbian, Sorani Kurdish, Swedish, Catalan, and Korean languages. If you would like to use the Reply tool at your wiki, please tell [[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)]]. The Reply tool is still in active development. Per request from the Dutch Wikipedia and other editors, you will be able to [[phab:T249391|customize the edit summary]]. (The default edit summary is "Reply".) A "ping" feature is available in the Reply tool's visual editing mode. This feature searches for usernames. Per request from the Arabic Wikipedia, each wiki will be able to [[phab:T258743|set its own preferred symbol]] for pinging editors. Per request from editors at the Japanese and Hungarian Wikipedias, each wiki can [[phab:T249861|define a preferred signature prefix]] in the page [[MediaWiki:Discussiontools-signature-prefix]]. For example, some languages omit spaces before signatures. Other communities want to add a dash or a non-breaking space. === New requirements for user signatures === * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|new requirements for custom user signatures]] began on 6 July 2020. If you try to create a custom signature that does not meet the requirements, you will get an error message. * Existing custom signatures that do not meet the new requirements will be unaffected <em>temporarily</em>. Eventually, all custom signatures will need to meet the new requirements. You can [https://signatures.toolforge.org check your signature and see lists of active editors] whose custom signatures need to be corrected. Volunteers have been contacting editors who need to change their custom signatures. If you need to change your custom signature, then please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures/Help|read the help page]]. === Next: New discussion tool === Next, the team will be working on a tool for quickly and easily starting a new discussion section to a talk page. To follow the development of this new tool, please put the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|New Discussion Tool]] project page on your watchlist. [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> २०:५६, ३१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=20394826 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == Editing news 2021 #1 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/January|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> === Reply tool === [[File:Junior Contributor Reply Tool and full page edit completion rate.png|alt=Graph of Reply tool and full-page wikitext edit completion rates|thumb|300px|Completion rates for comments made with the Reply tool and full-page wikitext editing. Details and limitations are in this [https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/wikimedia-research/Discussion-tools-analysis-2020/blob/master/Engagement-Metrics/Reply-Tool-Workflow-Engagement-Metrics.ipynb#Reply-Tool-(Wikitext-and-VE)-vs-Full-Page-Wikitext report].]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|<strong>Reply tool</strong>]] is available at most Wikipedias. * The Reply tool has been deployed as an opt-out [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|preference]] to all editors at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias. * It is also available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] at almost all Wikipedias except for the English, Russian, and German-language Wikipedias. If it is not available at your wiki, you can request it by following [[mw:Topic:W1crei3lyn3mvewc|these simple instructions]]. <strong>Research notes:</strong> * As of January 2021, <strong>more than 3,500 editors</strong> have used the Reply tool to post about <strong>70,000 comments</strong>. * We have preliminary data from the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedia on the Reply tool. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Glossary|Junior Contributors]] who use the Reply tool are more likely to publish the comments they start writing than those who use full-page wikitext editing.[https://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/wikimedia-research/Discussion-tools-analysis-2020/blob/master/Engagement-Metrics/Reply-Tool-Workflow-Engagement-Metrics.ipynb#Reply-Tool-(Wikitext-and-VE)-vs-Full-Page-Wikitext] * The Editing and Parsing teams have significantly reduced the number of edits that affect other parts of the page. About 0.3% of edits did this during the last month.[https://dtcheck.toolforge.org/] Some of the remaining changes are automatic corrections for [[Special:LintErrors]]. * [[File:Венов_дијаграм.svg|30px]] <strong>A large [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] will start soon.</strong>[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T252057] This is part of [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Step%204:%20A/B%20test|the process]] to offer the Reply tool to everyone. During this test, half of all editors at [[phab:T267382|24 Wikipedias]] will have the Reply tool automatically enabled, and half will not. You can still turn it on or off for your own account in [[Special:Preferences]]. === New discussion tool === [[File:New Discussion Tool v1.0.png|thumb|380px|Screenshot of version 1.0 of the [[mw:Talk_pages_project/New_discussion|New Discussion Tool]] prototype.]] The new tool for [[mw:Talk pages project/New discussion|starting new discussions]] (new sections) will join the Discussion tools in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] at the end of January. You can try the tool for yourself.[https://patchdemo.wmflabs.org/wikis/3e14959a196db0f7b0c32a35c99dc0fc/w/index.php/Project:Teahouse] You can leave feedback [[mw:Topic:Vzswfe2hn2zuuwtc|in this thread]] or on the talk page. === Next: Notifications === [[File:White square with question mark.png|left|frameless|60px]] During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]], editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 1 report#Notifications|said]] that it should be easier to know about new activity in conversations they are interested in. The [[mw:Talk pages project/Notifications|Notifications]] project is just beginning. What would help you become aware of new comments? What's working with the current system? Which pages at your wiki should the team look at? Please post your advice at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Notifications|notifications-talk]]. –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> ००:२३, २२ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=20974627 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> ==[[:देगाड खोला]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:देगाड खोला]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:देगाड खोला|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1+%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १६:४५, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == Editing news 2021 #2 == <div class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <em>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</em> [[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=Junior contributors comment completion rate across all participating Wikipedias|thumb|296x296px|When newcomers had the Reply tool and tried to post on a talk page, they were more successful at posting a comment. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]] Earlier this year, the Editing team ran a large study of [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying|the Reply Tool]]. The main goal was to find out whether the Reply Tool helped [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary|newer editors]] communicate on wiki. The second goal was to see whether the comments that newer editors made using the tool needed to be reverted more frequently than comments newer editors made with the existing wikitext page editor. The key results were: * Newer editors who had automatic ("default on") access to the Reply tool were [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ more likely] to post a comment on a talk page. * The comments that newer editors made with the Reply Tool were also [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ less likely] to be reverted than the comments that newer editors made with page editing. These results give the Editing team confidence that the tool is helpful. <strong>Looking ahead</strong> The team is planning to make the Reply tool available to everyone as an opt-out preference in the coming months. This has already happened at the Arabic, Czech, and Hungarian Wikipedias. The next step is to [[phab:T280599|resolve a technical challenge]]. Then, they will deploy the Reply tool first to the [[phab:T267379|Wikipedias that participated in the study]]. After that, they will deploy it, in stages, to the other Wikipedias and all WMF-hosted wikis. You can turn on "{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}" [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|in Beta Features]] now. After you get the Reply tool, you can change your preferences at any time in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) </div> १९:५७, २४ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=21602894 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Feedback for Mini edit-a-thons == Dear Wikimedian, Hope everything is fine around you. If you remember that A2K organised [[:Category: Mini edit-a-thons by CIS-A2K|a series of edit-a-thons]] last year and this year. These were only two days long edit-a-thons with different themes. Also, the working area or Wiki project was not restricted. Now, it's time to grab your feedback or opinions on this idea for further work. I would like to request you that please spend a few minutes filling this form out. You can find the form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdNw6NruQnukDDaZq1OMalhwg7WR2AeqF9ot2HEJfpeKDmYZw/viewform here]. You can fill the form by 31 August because your feedback is precious for us. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, १७ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(CIS-A2K)/Mini_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=21886141 --> == Mahatma Gandhi 2021 edit-a-thon to celebrate Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary == [[File:Mahatma Gandhi 2021 edit-a-thon poster 2nd.pdf|thumb|100px|right|Mahatma Gandhi 2021 edit-a-thon]] Dear Wikimedian, Hope you are doing well. Glad to inform you that A2K is going to conduct a mini edit-a-thon to celebrate Mahatma Gandhi's birth anniversary. It is the second iteration of Mahatma Gandhi mini edit-a-thon. The edit-a-thon will be on the same dates 2nd and 3rd October (Weekend). During the last iteration, we had created or developed or uploaded content related to Mahatma Gandhi. This time, we will create or develop content about Mahatma Gandhi and any article directly related to the Indian Independence movement. The list of articles is given on the [[:m: Mahatma Gandhi 2021 edit-a-thon|event page]]. Feel free to add more relevant articles to the list. The event is not restricted to any single Wikimedia project. For more information, you can visit the event page and if you have any questions or doubts email me at nitesh@cis-india.org. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २३:१८, २८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(CIS-A2K)/Mini_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=21886141 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto: Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == International Mother Language Day 2022 edit-a-thon == Dear Wikimedian, CIS-A2K announced [[:m:International Mother Language Day 2022 edit-a-thon|International Mother Language Day]] edit-a-thon which is going to take place on 19 & 20 February 2022. The motive of conducting this edit-a-thon is to celebrate International Mother Language Day. This time we will celebrate the day by creating & developing articles on local Wikimedia projects, such as proofreading the content on Wikisource, items that need to be created on Wikidata [edit Labels & Descriptions], some language-related content must be uploaded on Wikimedia Commons and so on. It will be a two-days long edit-a-thon to increase content about languages or related to languages. Anyone can participate in this event and editors can add their names [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/International_Mother_Language_Day_2022_edit-a-thon#Participants here]. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:५८, १५ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small> On behalf of [[User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(CIS-A2K)/Mini_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=21886141 --> == International Women's Month 2022 edit-a-thon == Dear Wikimedians, Hope you are doing well. Glad to inform you that to celebrate the month of March, A2K is to be conducting a mini edit-a-thon, International Women Month 2022 edit-a-thon. The dates are for the event is 19 March and 20 March 2022. It will be a two-day long edit-a-thon, just like the previous mini edit-a-thons. The edits are not restricted to any specific project. We will provide a list of articles to editors which will be suggested by the Art+Feminism team. If users want to add their own list, they are most welcome. Visit the given [[:m:International Women's Month 2022 edit-a-thon|link]] of the event page and add your name and language project. If you have any questions or doubts please write on [[:m:Talk:International Women's Month 2022 edit-a-thon|event discussion page]] or email at nitesh@cis-india.org. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:३८, १४ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small>On behalf of [[User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(CIS-A2K)/Mini_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=21886141 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">Editing news 2022 #1</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> [[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages. New editors are more successful with this new tool. You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]]. Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test. You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].<section end="message"/> </div> [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ००:२८, ३ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=23092897 --> == Editing news 2022 #2 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/August|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> [[File:Desktop Topic Subscriptions median response time.png|alt=Graph showing 90-minute response time without the new tool and 39-minute response time with the tool|thumb|The [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button shortens response times.]] The new [{{int:discussiontools-topicsubscription-button-subscribe}}] button [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#subscribe|notifies people when someone replies]] to their comments. It helps newcomers get answers to their questions. People reply sooner. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Notifications#12_August_2022|read the report]]. The Editing team is turning this tool on for everyone. You will be able to turn it off [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in your preferences]].<section end="message"/> </div> –[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ०५:२०, ३० अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=23569286 --> == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> == Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022 == Dear Wikimedian, Glad to inform you that CIS-A2K is going to conduct an event, Indic Wiki improve-a-thon 2022, for the Indic language. It will run from 15 December to 5 January 2023. It will be an online activity however if communities want to organise any on-ground activity under Improve-a-thon that would also be welcomed. The event has its own theme '''Azadi Ka Amrit Mahatosav''' which is based on a celebration of the 75th anniversary of Indian Independence. The event will be for 20 days only. This is an effort to work on content enrichment and improvement. We invite you to plan a short activity under this event and work on the content on your local Wikis. The event is not restricted to a project, anyone can edit any project by following the theme. The event page link is [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|here]]. The list is under preparation and will be updated soon. The community can also prepare their list for this improve-a-thon. If you have question or concern please write on [[:m:Talk:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|here]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:२०, १२ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Satpal_(CIS-A2K)/Mahatma_Gandhi_2020_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=20516231 --> == Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022 has started == Dear Wikimedians, As you already know, Indic Wiki improve-a-thon 2022 has started today. It runs from 15 December (today) to 5 January 2023. This is an online activity however if communities want to organise any on-ground activity under Improve-a-thon please let us know at program@cis-india.org. Please note the event has a theme ''' Azadi Ka Amrit Mahatosav''' which is based on a celebration of the 75th anniversary of Indian Independence. The event will be for 20 days only. This is an effort to work on content enrichment and improvement. The event is not restricted to a particular project. The event page link is [[:m:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|here]] please add your name in the participant's section. A few lists are there and we will add more. The community can also prepare their list for this improve-a-thon but we suggest you list stub articles from your Wiki. If you have a question or concern please write [[:m:Talk:Indic Wiki Improve-a-thon 2022|here]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:१५, १५ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Satpal_(CIS-A2K)/Mahatma_Gandhi_2020_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=20516231 --> == Editing news 2023 #1 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <section begin="message"/><i>[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]</i> This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work: # The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it. # They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]]. <strong>Talk pages project</strong> [[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]] The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new "{{int:skin-action-addsection}}" button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]]. [[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]] An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site. <strong>New Project: Edit Check</strong> The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click "{{int:publishchanges}}". The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&nbsp;March&nbsp;2023]] to learn more.<section end="message"/> </div> –[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) ०५:०३, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter&oldid=24472950 --> == Women's Month Datathon on Commons == Dear Wikimedian, Hope you are doing well. CIS-A2K and [[:commons:Commons Photographers User Group|CPUG]] have planned an online activity for March. The activity will focus on Wikimedia Commons and it will begin on 21 March and end on 31 March 2023. During this campaign, the participants will work on structure data, categories and descriptions of the existing images. We will provide you with the list of the photographs that were uploaded under those campaigns, conducted for Women’s Month. You can find the event page link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|here]]. We are inviting you to participate in this event and make it successful. There will be at least one online session to demonstrate the tasks of the event. We will come back to you with the date and time. If you have any questions please write to us at the event [[:m:Talk:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|talk page]] Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:५४, १२ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(CIS-A2K)/Mini_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=21886141 --> == Women's Month Datathon on Commons Online Session == Dear Wikimedian, Hope you are doing well. As we mentioned in a previous message, CIS-A2K and [[:commons:Commons Photographers User Group|CPUG]] have been starting an online activity for March from 21 March to 31 March 2023. The activity already started yesterday and will end on 31 March 2023. During this campaign, the participants are working on structure data, categories and descriptions of the existing images. The event page link is [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons|here]]. We are inviting you to participate in this event. There is an online session to demonstrate the tasks of the event that is going to happen tonight after one hour from 8:00 pm to 9:00 pm. You can find the meeting link [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Women's Month Datathon on Commons/Online Session|here]]. We will wait for you. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:२३, २२ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Nitesh_(CIS-A2K)/Mini_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=21886141 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == Image Description Month in India Campaign == Dear Wikimedian, A2K has conducted an online activity or campaign which is an ongoing Image Description Month in India description-a-thon, a collaborative effort known as [[:m:Image Description Month|Image Description Month]]. This initiative aims to enhance image-related content across Wikimedia projects and is currently underway, running from October 1st to October 31st, 2023. Throughout this event, our focus remains centered on three primary areas: Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. We have outlined several tasks, including the addition of captions to images on Wikipedia, the association of images with relevant Wikidata items, and improvements in the organization, categorization, and captions of media files on Wikimedia Commons. To participate, please visit our dedicated [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|event page]]. We encourage you to sign up on the respective meta page and generously contribute your time and expertise to make essential and impactful edits. Should you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to reach out to me at nitesh@cis-india.org or [[User talk:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]]. Your active participation will play a significant role in enriching Wikimedia content, making it more accessible and informative for users worldwide. Join us in this ongoing journey of improvement and collaboration. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५४, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Satpal_(CIS-A2K)/Mahatma_Gandhi_2020_edit-a-thon_Participants&oldid=20516231 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> ==[[:टीका भण्डारी]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} यस [[:टीका भण्डारी]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले७|ले७]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत एक वास्तविक व्यक्ति वा मानिसहरूको समूहलाई जनाउदछ। विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] ज्ञानकोशमा भएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्री प्रमाणित भएको हुनुपर्नेछ । तर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] नभएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। थप जानकारिका लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनियता|विकिपिडिया उल्लेखनियता]] पढ्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:टीका भण्डारी|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}। <!-- Template:Db-notability-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> nShrestha ११:२१, १२ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> oj10hnr7uf98o40cbrk3l640z4upwq5 0 54662 1358390 1307060 2026-06-08T11:01:40Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1358390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = संशोधन मण्डल | formation = {{start date and age|1952|09|20|df=y}} | native name = | native_name_lang = ne | logo = संशोधन मण्डल.png | founder = [[नयराज पन्त]] | type = गैर सरकारी प्राज्ञ संस्था | headquarters = डल्लु आवास मार्ग, [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]] | coordinates = {{coord|27|42|31.22|N|85|17|46.76|E|display=inline,title}} | products = ''पूर्णिमा '' पत्रिका | language = नेपाल | awards = [[जगदम्बाश्री पुरस्कार]] }} '''संशोधन मण्डल''' विद्वान [[नयराज पन्त]]ले स्थापना गरेको संस्था हो। इतिहासका त्रुटि र कमीकमजोरीलाई तर्कपूर्ण व्याख्यासहित सच्याउने कामका लागि यसको स्थापना वि.सं. २००९ साल असोज ५ गते भएको हो। ==प्रकाशन== संशोधन मण्डलले [[पूर्णिमा पत्रिका|पूर्णिमा]] लगायत केही कृतिहरू पनि प्रकाशन गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Himalaya |first=DIgital |title=Pūrṇimā |url=https://www.digitalhimalaya.com/collections/journals/purnima/ |website=Digital Himalaya}}</ref> त्यसमध्ये [[इतिहास संशोधनको प्रमाण प्रमेय पहिलो भाग]] एक हो। वि.सं. २००९ सालमा सुरु गर्दा मण्डलमा २१ जना विद्वान् थिए। पहिलोपल्ट यो मण्डलबाट इतिहासकार [[बालचन्द्र शर्मा]]ले वि.सं. २००८ सालमा छापेको [[नेपालको ऐतिहासिक रूपरेखा]]मा भएका त्रुटिलाई उठाएको थियो। पछि [[इतिहास संशोधन]], [[अभिलेख सङ्ग्रह]], [[सावधान पत्र]], [[व्याकरण संशोधन]], [[पञ्चाङ्ग संशोधन]] लगायत पत्रिका/जर्नल प्रकाशित भए। वि.सं. २०२१ साल वैशाखदेखि 'पूर्णिमा' त्रैमासिक १ सय ३५ अङ्क प्रकाशित भए । नयराजको वि.सं. २०५९ कार्तकमा निधन भएपछि उनका दुई पुत्र [[दिनेशराज पन्त|दिनेशराज]] र [[महेशराज पन्त]]ले यो अभियानलाई निरन्तरता दिएका छन्। ==पुरस्कार== छ दशकभन्दा बढी समयदेखि नेपाली इतिहास र संस्कृतिका अतिरिक्त ज्योतिष, गणित, व्याकरण र साहित्यका फाँटमा गुरुकुलीय सङ्गठित र संस्थागत प्रयासबाट प्रामाणिक अनुसन्धान गरी तिनको प्रकाशन तथार प्रचारका लागि 'पूर्णिमा'को निरन्तर प्रकाशन गरेर नेपाली वाङ्मयको सेवा र श्रीवृद्धिमा निरन्तर रूपले उल्लेखनीय योगदान गरिरहे बापत् यो संस्थाले वि.सं. २०६८ सालको [[जगदम्बाश्री पुरस्कार]] पायो।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=इतिहास खोतल्नेलाई जगदम्बाश्री |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2012/09/18/354781.html |access-date=2022-11-26 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref> नयराजको सुरू गरेर फेला पारेका संशोधनको आधार र मानकमा नयराजले लेखेको [[लिच्छविसंवतको निर्णय]]ले वि.सं. २०४३ सालको [[मदन पुरस्कार]] पाइसकेको छ। ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:जगदम्बाश्री पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]] 7hix1syec4k9p1lc2h1s9q31yjq9zxv 0 68443 1358350 1355681 2026-06-08T05:46:07Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1358350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- चित्र र नक्साहरू --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = पुनर्वास नगरपालिका#कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला#सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला|कञ्चनपुर]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes = <ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-7/district-kanchanpur/punarbas?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = तोयप्रसाद शर्मा <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = भुलियाकुमारी राना <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ वैशाख २५ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 103.71<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=7&district=77&municipality=7|accessdate=१५ असोज २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 61748 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|28.63|80.48|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०९९ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक त्रिभुवनवस्ती गाविस वडा नम्बर २ | website = [http://www.punarbasmun.gov.np आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला]]का ७ [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ वैशाख २५ मा, नगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[परासन]], [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] र [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू समावेश गरिएका थिए भने २०७३ फागुन २७ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा [[बाइसे बिचवा|बाइसी बिचवा]] (५-९) गाविस यसमा गाभिएको थियो। == इतिहास == वि.सं.२०२८ सालमा तत्कालिन नेपाल पुनर्वास कम्पनिद्वारा व्यवस्थित रुपले बसोबास गराएको हुँदा सोहि समयदेखि नै यस क्षेत्रलाई पुनर्वास क्षेत्र भनिएको हो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} पुनर्वास नगरपालिका |url=https://punarbasmun.gov.np/ne/content/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=punarbasmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> २०२८ सालतिरै [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]ले पहाडका मानिसहरूलाई कञ्चनपुरमा बसाइ सर्न आमन्त्रण गरे। राजा महेन्द्रले धेरै संख्याका नेपाली मूलका बर्मेलीलाई यसै शहरमा खेती गर्ने जमीन सहित घडेरी उपलब्ध गराए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aaja |first=Paschim |date=2025-07-28 |title=न्यायको खोजीमा महेन्द्रनगर |url=https://paschimaaja.com/2025/07/12688.html |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=पश्‍चिम आज |language=en-US}}</ref> यसरी अन्य ठाउँबाट मानिसहरू आएर बसोबास गरेपछि कैलाली, कञ्चनपुरमा पुस्तौंदेखि बसोबास गर्दै आएका राना थारू आफ्नै ठाउँमा अल्पसंख्यक बन्न पुगे र केही हदसम्म विस्थापित पनि भए। उनीहरू र दाङबाट बसाइ सरेर आइसकेका डगौरा थारू बन्दै गएको मिश्रित समाजको हिस्सा हुन पुगे। कञ्चनपुरमा सघन रूपमा पुनर्वास गराइएका मानिसहरूको बसोबास भएको ठाउँलाई पञ्चायत कालमा ‘पुनर्वास पञ्चायत’ भनियो। बहुदलमा यो ‘पुनर्वास गाउँपालिका’ भयो र अहिले आसपासका गाविसहरू मिलाएर ‘पुनर्वास नगरपालिका’ बनाइएको छ। <ref>{{Cite web |last=महेन्द्रनगर |first=चेतन अधिकारी-आप्रवासीहरूको थलो |title=आप्रवासीहरूको थलो महेन्द्रनगर |url=https://www.himalkhabar.com/144701/internal-migration/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=आप्रवासीहरूको थलो महेन्द्रनगर}}</ref> ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ६१,७४८ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १३,६२६ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ पुनर्वास नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] (६,८-९) || ७६२३ || १५.४ || ४९५.०० |- | २ || [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] (१-२,५,७) || ६६४३ || ६.३५ || १०४६.१४ |- | ३ || [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] (३-४) || २३३८ || ३.७२ || ६२८.४९ |- | ४ || [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] (४-५) || ४४३९ || ४.४७ || ९९३.०६ |- | ५ || [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] (६-९) || ७०४८ || ९.३ || ७५७.८५ |- | ६ || [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] (१-३) || ५४८४ || ५.८४ || १३९.०४ |- | ७ || [[परासन]] (१-२) || ३३०४ || १२.३८ || २६६.८८ |- | ८ || [[परासन]] (३-४,९) || ४९२३ || १२.०१ || ४०९.९१ |- | ९ || [[परासन]] (५-८) || ७२८९ || १३.७३ || ५३०.८८ |- | १० || [[बाइसे विचवा]] (५-६) || ६५२७ || ७.२३ || ९०२.७७ |- | ११ || [[बाइसे विचवा]] (७–९) || ६१३० || १३.२७ || ४६१.९४ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''६१,७४८''' || '''१०३.७''' || '''५९५.४५''' |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddckanchanpur.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समिति, कञ्चनपुर] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927053938/http://ddckanchanpur.gov.np/ |date=2015-09-27 }} {{कञ्चनपुर जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:कञ्चनपुर जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] ozphublanlaqhs8203hqwdng0zu8b7f 1358353 1358350 2026-06-08T06:04:34Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[नगरपालिका]] | motto = <!-- चित्र र नक्साहरू --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = पुनर्वास नगरपालिका#कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला#सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला|कञ्चनपुर]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes = <ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-7/district-kanchanpur/punarbas?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = [[नगरप्रमुख]] | leader_name = तोयप्रसाद शर्मा <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | leader_title1 = [[उपप्रमुख]] | leader_name1 = भुलियाकुमारी राना <small> ([[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २०७१ वैशाख २५ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 103.71<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=7&district=77&municipality=7|accessdate=१५ असोज २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 61748 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|28.63|80.48|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०९९ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविक त्रिभुवनवस्ती गाविस वडा नम्बर २ | website = [http://www.punarbasmun.gov.np आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[कञ्चनपुर जिल्ला]]का ७ [[नगरपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २०७१ वैशाख २५ मा, नगरपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[परासन]], [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] र [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू समावेश गरिएका थिए भने २०७३ फागुन २७ मा, नगरपालिकाको क्षेत्रविस्तार गर्दा [[बाइसे बिचवा|बाइसी बिचवा]] (५-९) गाविस यसमा गाभिएको थियो। == इतिहास == वि.सं.२०२८ सालमा तत्कालिन नेपाल पुनर्वास कम्पनिद्वारा व्यवस्थित रुपले बसोबास गराएको हुँदा सोहि समयदेखि नै यस क्षेत्रलाई पुनर्वास क्षेत्र भनिएको हो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=संक्षिप्त परिचय {{!}} पुनर्वास नगरपालिका |url=https://punarbasmun.gov.np/ne/content/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=punarbasmun.gov.np |language=ne}}</ref> २०२८ सालतिरै [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]ले पहाडका मानिसहरूलाई कञ्चनपुरमा बसाइ सर्न आमन्त्रण गरेका थिए। राजा महेन्द्रले धेरै संख्याका [[बर्मेली नेपाली|नेपाली मूलका बर्मेली]]लाई यसै शहरमा खेती गर्ने जमीन सहित घडेरी उपलब्ध गराएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aaja |first=Paschim |date=2025-07-28 |title=न्यायको खोजीमा महेन्द्रनगर |url=https://paschimaaja.com/2025/07/12688.html |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=पश्‍चिम आज |language=en-US}}</ref> यसरी अन्य ठाउँबाट मानिसहरू आएर बसोबास गरेपछि कैलाली, कञ्चनपुरमा पुस्तौंदेखि बसोबास गर्दै आएका राना थारू आफ्नै ठाउँमा अल्पसंख्यक बन्न पुगे र केही हदसम्म विस्थापित पनि भए। उनीहरू र दाङबाट बसाइ सरेर आइसकेका डगौरा थारू बन्दै गएको मिश्रित समाजको हिस्सा हुन पुगे। कञ्चनपुरमा सघन रूपमा पुनर्वास गराइएका मानिसहरूको बसोबास भएको ठाउँलाई पञ्चायत कालमा ‘पुनर्वास पञ्चायत’ भनियो। <ref>{{Cite web |last=महेन्द्रनगर |first=चेतन अधिकारी-आप्रवासीहरूको थलो |title=आप्रवासीहरूको थलो महेन्द्रनगर |url=https://www.himalkhabar.com/144701/internal-migration/ |access-date=2026-05-15 |website=आप्रवासीहरूको थलो महेन्द्रनगर}}</ref> ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ६१,७४८ रहेको छ भने यहाँ १३,६२६ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;" |+ पुनर्वास नगरपालिकाको वडागत तथ्याङ्क |- ! नयाँ वडा !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (व्यक्ति/वर्ग कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] (६,८-९) || ७६२३ || १५.४ || ४९५.०० |- | २ || [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] (१-२,५,७) || ६६४३ || ६.३५ || १०४६.१४ |- | ३ || [[कालिका, कञ्चनपुर|कालिका]] (३-४) || २३३८ || ३.७२ || ६२८.४९ |- | ४ || [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] (४-५) || ४४३९ || ४.४७ || ९९३.०६ |- | ५ || [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] (६-९) || ७०४८ || ९.३ || ७५७.८५ |- | ६ || [[त्रिभुवनवस्ती]] (१-३) || ५४८४ || ५.८४ || १३९.०४ |- | ७ || [[परासन]] (१-२) || ३३०४ || १२.३८ || २६६.८८ |- | ८ || [[परासन]] (३-४,९) || ४९२३ || १२.०१ || ४०९.९१ |- | ९ || [[परासन]] (५-८) || ७२८९ || १३.७३ || ५३०.८८ |- | १० || [[बाइसे विचवा]] (५-६) || ६५२७ || ७.२३ || ९०२.७७ |- | ११ || [[बाइसे विचवा]] (७–९) || ६१३० || १३.२७ || ४६१.९४ |- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight: bold; background: #f2f2f2;" | colspan="2" | '''जम्मा''' || '''६१,७४८''' || '''१०३.७''' || '''५९५.४५''' |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddckanchanpur.gov.np/ जिल्ला विकास समिति, कञ्चनपुर] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927053938/http://ddckanchanpur.gov.np/ |date=2015-09-27 }} {{कञ्चनपुर जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} [[श्रेणी:कञ्चनपुर जिल्लाका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सुदूरपश्चिम प्रदेशका नगरपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:वि.सं. २०७१ मा घोषित नगरपालिकाहरू]] 1qdd7frmgcg7u0b0pmpylbay6fksl2g 0 71334 1358304 971771 2026-06-07T20:36:54Z Sunlightson 66105 1358304 wikitext text/x-wiki आफ्नो [[दाजु]] अथवा [[भाइ]] नाता पर्ने मान्छेको पुरुष सन्तानलाई '''भतिजा''' भनिन्छ । == व्युत्पत्ति र शब्दशास्त्र == नेफ्यु शब्द फ्रेन्च भाषाको {{lang|fr|neveu}} शब्दबाट आएको हो जुन ल्याटिन {{lang|la|nepos}} शब्दबाट आएको हो।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=nephew |title=nephew (n.) |work=[[Online Etymology Dictionary]] |publisher=Douglas Harper |access-date=8 June 2016 }}</ref> ''नेपोटिज्म'' भन्ने शब्द, जसको अर्थ पारिवारिक वफादारी हो, यो ल्याटिन शब्दबाट आएको हो।<ref>{{cite book |title=Loss and Renewal: Australian Languages Since Colonisation |last1=Meakins |first1=Felicity |date=2016 |page=91 |author-link=Felicity Meakins }}</ref> ''भानजी'' शब्द मध्यम अंग्रेजी मा पुरानो फ्रेन्च शब्द {{lang|fro|nece}} बाट प्रवेश गरेको, जुन पनि ल्याटिन {{lang|la|nepotem}} बाट आएको हो। ==यि पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{नाताहरू}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:नाता सम्बन्ध]] {{stub}} gpddl2vv19migpqorb1gqelv3dz8pm4 3 73945 1358110 1358001 2026-06-07T14:09:37Z A826 60418 Bot: Added missing </div> tag to close outer div in WAM 2025 Barnstar message 1358110 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb| सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}}जी''' समस्त [[विकिपीडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईंलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपीडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपीडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरु संग्रहित हुन्छन्। *अहिले सम्म नेपाली विकिपीडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरु छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईं हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपीडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषा जत्तिकै धनी बनाऔं। *विकिपीडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईं पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा भएका लेखमा थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपीडियामा तपाईंको कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबै भन्दा पहिला दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरु|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरु]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपीडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेख हरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकिको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपीडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरुका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *प्रयोगको लागि [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईंले एउटा विकिपीडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरु सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि सहि गर्नुहोला। यसले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्टको लिङ्क र मिति लेखिदिन्छ। मलाई केही कुरा सोध्नु परेमा मेरो नाम पछि लेखिएको (वार्ता)मा थिचेर प्रश्न लेख्नु होला। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपीडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रवन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क गर्नुहोला। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font>--[[User:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|सरोज(Saroj)]] ([[User talk:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५९, १६ फेब्रुअरी २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == समर्थनको लागि अनुरोध == आदरणीय {{PAGENAME}}ज्यु, नमस्कार ! मलाई [[विकिपीडिया:खाता निर्माणकर्ताको लागि निवेदन|यहाँ]] समर्थन गरिदिनुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । आशा छ समर्थन पाउने छु । म यो अधिकार पाएपछि विकिपीडियामा निरन्तर योगदानका साथै आफ्नु जिम्मेवारी राम्ररी निवाउने छु।-[[Image:Rubik's cube.svg|30px]][[User:बेनुपराज पौडेल|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बेनुपराज पौडेल</b></font>''']] [[User talk:बेनुपराज पौडेल|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०७:२०, २२ फेब्रुअरी २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==नयाँ पृष्ठ== {{PAGENAME}} जि नयाँ पृष्ठ बनाउदा [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%3ASearch&search=&go=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89 यहाँ] गई सर्च गरि बनाउनु होला धन्यवाद ![[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|15px]][[प्रयोगकर्ता:रमेश सिंह बोहरा|<span style="color:Magenta;">रमेश सिंह बोहरा</span>''']][[विशेष:EmailUser/रमेश सिंह बोहरा| <b>इमेल पठाउने</b>]]([[User talk:रमेश सिंह बोहरा|<font color="blue">✉✉</font>]]) ०५:४७, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == योगदानको प्रसंसा == तपाईले गर्नु भएको योगदान प्रति नेपाली विकिपीडियाको तर्फ़बाट आफार व्यक्त गर्दछु साथै भविष्यमा निरन्तर सक्रियता रहनु हुन आग्रह गर्दछु ।--[[file:Vergina_sun.svg|25px]][[User:देवराज पौडेल|<span style= "color:purple;">देवराज पौडेल</span>]]-([[User talk:देवराज पौडेल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])-[[विशेष:EmailUser/देवराज पौडेल|ईमेल गर्नुहोस्]] १२:५०, ३ मार्च २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद ! == Omnathpokh1जी , सन् २०१५ मार्च महिनामा ७१ सम्पादनहरू गर्नु भएर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई उत्कृष्ठता तर्फ उन्मुख गराउनु भएकोमा सम्पूर्ण विकिपिडिया परिवारको तर्फबाट धन्यवाद टक्र्याउन चाहन्छु, तपाईँको निरन्तर सक्रियताको अपेक्षा राख्दछौँ ।--[[User:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|सरोज(Saroj)]] ([[User talk:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|कुरा गर्ने]]) १५:२७, २५ मार्च २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == छलफल == @[[:User:Omnathpokh1|Omnathpokh1]]: विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धी छलफलहरू भइरहेको हुँदा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)]]मा गएर <strong>प्रवन्धक अधिकारको लागि नीति</strong> विषयमा आफ्नो राय राख्नुहोला ।—[[User:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|सरोज(Saroj)]] ([[User talk:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०७:१४, २८ मार्च २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == अनुरोध == Omnathpokh1 जी तपाईलाई फुटबल खेलाडी सम्बन्धी रूचि भएकोले [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)]] मा गएर विश्वका फुटबल खेलाडी सम्बन्धी लेखको सूचि निर्माण गर्न सक्नु हुन्छ।[[file:Vergina_sun.svg|25px]][[User:देवराज पौडेल|<span style= "color:purple;">देवराज पौडेल</span>]]-[[User talk:देवराज पौडेल|वार्ता]]-[[विशेष:EmailUser/देवराज पौडेल|ईमेल]] १५:१०, ३ अप्रिल २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == तपाइको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Football (soccer ball).svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''फुटबल बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपीडियामा विभिन्न फुटबलसँग संबंधित पृष्ठहरु लेखेर योगदान दिनुभएको हुनाले म तपाईंलाई यो सम्मान प्रदान गर्दैछु। [[Image:Rubik's cube.svg|30px]][[User:बेनुपराज पौडेल|'''<span style="color:#0F0;">बेनुपराज पौडेल</span>''']] [[User talk:बेनुपराज पौडेल|(<small>'''मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ११:५०, ९ अप्रिल २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == बोट == Omnathpokh1 सर कृपया [[विकिपीडिया:बोट/अनुमोदनको लागि अनुरोध]]मा गएर समर्थन गरिदिनु होला। मैले एक विशेष अधिकारको लागि आवेदन दिएको छु। समर्थन को लागि <nowiki># {{समर्थन}}-~~~~</nowiki> लेखेर समर्थन गर्न सकिन्छ।[[Image:Rubik's cube.svg|30px]][[User:बेनुपराज पौडेल|'''<span style="color:#0F0;">बेनुपराज पौडेल</span>''']] [[User talk:बेनुपराज पौडेल|(<small>'''मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १२:३१, ९ अप्रिल २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया नेपाल परियोजना प्रतियोगिता सुरू भयो ! == प्रिय @[[:User:Omnathpokh1|Omnathpokh1]]:ज्यु, नयाँ वर्ष २०७२ को शुभकामना, आजैको पावन दिन देखि [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपिडिया_नेपाल_परियोजना|विकिपिडिया नेपाल परियोजना]] सुरू भएको छ । यस प्रतियोगिता समुहगत भएकोले , आफ्नो समुह बनाउनुहोस् र लेख निर्माण , सुधार गर्न सुरू गर्नुहोस । तपाईँको समुहको काम अनुसार प्रगति विवरण बनाइने छ र श्रेष्ठ योगदान दिने समुहले पुरस्कार र कदर पत्र जित्ने छ । <br/> लेख निर्माण र सुधार गर्दा [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपिडिया_नेपाल_परियोजना|विकिपिडिया नेपाल परियोजना]]मा भएका सुचीलाई प्राथमिकता दिनुहोला र नियमहरू पनि पढ्नुहोला। तपाईँलाई नयाँ वर्ष र [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपिडिया_नेपाल_परियोजना|विकिपिडिया नेपाल परियोजना]] प्रतियोगिताको लागि अग्रिम शुभकामना ।<br/> विकिपिडिया नेपाल परियोजना ,आयोजक समुह == विकिपिडियाको यो महिना ! == [[User:Omnathpokh1|@Omnathpokh1]]ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट केही जानकारीहरू पस्कनको लागि यस सन्देश तपाईँको वार्तालापमा छोड्दैछौँ: ===समाचारहरू=== # [[डेटाथन]] प्रतियोगिता आफ्नो गौरबमय सफलताको साथ अब १ हप्ताको लागि चल्दैछ र एप्रिल ३० मा सकिँदैछ , एप्रिल १ मा सुरू भएको यस प्रतियोगिताले हामी आफैँलाई र धेरैलाई छक्क बनाएको छ । # वैशाख १ गते देखि [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपिडिया_नेपाल_परियोजना|विकिपिडिया नेपाल परियोजना]] सुरू भएको छ र हाल सम्म ५३ भन्दा बढि लेखहरू निर्माण र सुधार भइसकेका छन् # [[विकिपीडिया:गुणस्तर_विकास_कार्यक्रम|गुणस्तर विकास कार्यक्रम]] सुरू भएको छ । # मे १ २०१५ देखि [[विकी लभ्स अर्थ २०१५]] सुरू हुँदैछ नेपाली विकिमिडिया समुदायले यस कार्यक्रम दोस्रो पटक गर्न लागेको हो । ===अनुरोधहरू=== # माथि उल्लेखित कार्यक्रममा सहभागी हुनुहोस् # [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]]मा आफ्ना धारणाहरू र समस्याहरू राख्नुहोस । # [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)|चौतारी_(नीति)]]मा भइरहेका छलफलहरूमा मतदान गर्नुहोस । # [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी_(प्राविधिक)|चौतारी_(प्राविधिक)]]मा भइरहेका छलफलहरूमा मतदान गर्नुहोस । # [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी_(प्रस्ताव)|चौतारी_(प्रप्ताव)]]मा भइरहेका छलफलहरूमा मतदान गर्नुहोस । # [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (विविध)|चौतारी (विविध)]]मा भइरहेका छलफलहरूमा मतदान गर्नुहोस । # [[विकिपीडिया:अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारहरुको_लागि_निवेदन#CheckUser_Right_for_.E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8B.E0.A4.9C_.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.81.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0_.E0.A4.A2.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B2|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारहरुको लागि निवेदन]] मा भइरहेका छलफलहरूमा मतदान गर्नुहोस । —[[User:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|सरोज(Saroj)]] ([[User talk:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०७:३६, २४ अप्रिल २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==विकिलिङ्क== {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू म पनि मोबाइल बाटै संपादन गर्छु तर पनि म लिंक गर्ने प्रयास गर्ने छु पृष्ठहरुमा अंग्रेजी स्पिलिङ्ग पनि समाबेस गर्नु भए लिङ्क गार्दा केही सरल हुने थियो ।[[file:Class_D_fire_icon.svg|25px|link=प्रयोगकर्ता:देवराज पौडेल]]-[[User:देवराज पौडेल|<span style= "color:green;">देवराज पौडेल</span>]]-[[User talk:देवराज पौडेल|वार्ता]]-[[विशेष:EmailUser/देवराज पौडेल|ईमेल]] ०९:१२, १ जुन २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद ! == Omnathpokh1जी , सन् २०१५ मे महिनामा १२० सम्पादनहरू गर्नु भएर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई उत्कृष्ठता तर्फ उन्मुख गराउनु भएकोमा सम्पूर्ण विकिपिडिया परिवारको तर्फबाट धन्यवाद टक्र्याउन चाहन्छु, तपाईँको निरन्तर सक्रियताको अपेक्षा राख्दछौँ ।--[[User:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|सरोज(Saroj)]] ([[User talk:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|कुरा गर्ने]]) १०:१९, १२ जुन २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==चित्र अपलोड सम्बन्धमा== Omnathpokh1जी , म तपाईलाई सहयोग गर्न तयार छु। मलाई [https://www.facebook.com/krishdulal फेसबुक]मा शन्देस पठाउन सक्नुहुन्छ।-<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> ००:२९, ८ जुलाई २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == गौरा पर्वको हार्दिक शुभकामना ब्यक्त गर्दछु । == <div style="border-style:dashed ; border-color:red; background-color:fff; border-width:5px; text-align:center; padding:8px;" class="plainlinks">[[File:Gaura_festival1.jpg|150px|left]] <font color="Green"> <font size="big"> जनक भट्टले तपाईंलाई [[गौरा पर्व]] २०७२ को हार्दिक मंगलमय शुभकामना व्यक्त गर्नुभएको छ । यो शुभकामनाले [[विकि सद्भाव]] बढाउनुका साथै तपाईंको परिवारमा सुख , शांति , सु-स्वास्थ , समृद्धि एबम उतरोतर प्रगति भईरहोस्। <br /> <font color="blue"> <font size="big">'''Happy Gaura Parva!''' -[[User:जनक राज भट्ट|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:जनक राज भट्ट|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:४७, ४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) </div></div> <font color=black><font size="normal"> म नि तपाइलाइ गौरा पर्वको हार्दिक शुभकामना ब्यक्त गर्न चाहन्छु । श्रीकृष्ण जन्माष्टमीको शुभकामना |[[User:Omnathpokh1|Omnathpokh1]] ([[User talk:Omnathpokh1|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०१:३४, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०१५ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी ओमेन एडिटाथन २०१६ मा स्वागत् छ ! == प्रिय Omnathpokh1 ज्यू, समपूर्ण नेपाली विकिपिडियनहरूको तर्फबाट नमस्ते ! आज , नेपाली विकिपीडियामा फेब्रुअरी ८, २०१६ देखि मार्च ८, २०१६ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा सर्मपित [[विकिपीडिया:विकी ओमेन एडिटाथन २०१६|विकी ओमेन एडिटाथन २०१६]] प्रतियोगिता सुरू भएको छ । यहाँको अमूल्य योगदानको लागि हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौँ, सहभागीताको लागि [[विकिपीडिया:विकी ओमेन एडिटाथन २०१६/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]] आवेदन फारम भर्नको लागि अनुरोध गर्दछौँ । विकी ओमेन एडिटाथन २०१६ समूहरको तर्फबाट [[प्रयोगकर्ता:सरोज कुमार ढकाल|सरोज कुमार ढकाल]] -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:३१, ८ फेब्रुअरी २०१६ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:सरोज कुमार ढकाल@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2&oldid=529920 --> == विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६ मा स्वागत् छ ! == <div style="border: solid 1px #333; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #999; margin-bottom: 1.5em; display: table; width: 100%; height: 125px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><imagemap>File:Datathon_Logo-Nepali.png|110px| rect 34 80 1500 1500 [[विकिपीडिया:विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६]] desc none </imagemap></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"> <p style="font-size: 1.15em;">'''नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}}ज्यू,'''<br/> नेपाली विकिपीडियामा अप्रिल १५, २०१६ देखि मे १५, २०१६ सम्म [[वि:विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६]] प्रतियोगिता १ महिनाभरिको लागि सञ्चालन हुन गईरहेको छ । यहाँको अमूल्य योगदानको लागि हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौँ र सहभागीताको लागि '''[[वि:विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीता सुचीमा]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ ।</p>विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६ आयोजन समितिका सदस्यहरूको तर्फबाट [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi Bhagat|तुल्सी भगत]] <small>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi Bhagat|वार्ता]])</small> [[File:Face-smile.svg|20px]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४८, ९ अप्रिल २०१६ (युटिसी(UTC)) <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपीडिया:विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१६|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span> </div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne .svg|125px|right]]</div></div> </p style> <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=544134 --> == विकिपिडिया बर्बरता रोकथाम सम्बन्धमा == '''नमस्ते सम्पादकज्यू ,'''<br /> हाल नेपाल विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन तथा सम्पादकको संख्या बढ्दै गई रहेको हुँदा समय समयमा अज्ञात IP address बाट बर्बरता हुने गरेको छ भने यस्तो बर्बरताको रोकथामको लागी विकिपिडियामा २ जना [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगकर्ता जाँच|प्रयोगकर्ता जाँच]] चाहिने भएकोले सो अधिकारको लागी योग्य उम्मेदवारको रूपमा [[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|बिप्लब आनन्द]] र [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|तुल्सी भगत]]का नाम प्रस्ताव स्वरूप प्राप्त भएको छ । कृपया, [[विकिपीडिया:अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारहरूको लागि निवेदन#CheckUser Right for Tulsi Bhagat|यहाँ]] र [[विकिपीडिया:अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारहरूको लागि निवेदन#CheckUser Right for Biplab Anand|यहाँ]] दुवै प्राप्त निवेदनमा आफ्नो अमूल्य मत राखि बर्बरता रोकथाममा सहयोग गरीदिनको लागी बिनम्र अनुरोध गर्द छु । --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०७:३८, २ डिसेम्बर २०१६ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=584581 --> ==[[:कार्लिन्हस ब्राउन]] पृष्ठ [[विकिपीडिया:शिघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|चाँडै मेटाउनु पर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईले सिर्जना गरेको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाई यो [[विकिपीडिया:पञ्च स्तम्भ|लेख लेख्न सहयोग गर्ने पुस्तिका]]पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ ।</p><p>तपाई लेख सिर्जना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख विजार्ड]]को पनि प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} {{{text}}} यदी तपाईलाईउल्लेखित कारणले यो पृष्ठ मेटाउनु उपयुक्त हुन्न भन्ने लागेमा, तपाई [[:कार्लिन्हस ब्राउन|उक्त पृष्ठमा गएर]] "आफ्नो विचार राख्न यहाँ थिनुहोस"मा क्लिक गरी आफ्नो विचार राख्न सक्नु हुन्छ । याद राख्नुहोस्: '''मेटाउनु पर्ने ट्याग'''लाई आफै नहटाउनु होला । साथै यो ट्याग राखिए पछि उक्त लेख कुनैपनि बेला मेटिन सक्छ । यदी मेटिएको भएमा उपयुक्त सन्दर्भ तथा कारण सहित मेटाएको उल्ट्याउनको लागि प्रवन्धकहरूलाई अनुरोध गर्नुहोस् । <!-- Template:Db-foreign-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:BRPever|<font color="#FF00FF">B</font><font color="#FF7E00">R</font><font color="#00A300">P</font>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|<font color="#66FF00">'' ever''</font>]]</small>}''' १२:५८, ८ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ == [[File:Wiki Loves Monuments Nepal Logo.png|विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स|right|75px]] विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=658128 --> == इन्टर विकी लिङ्क सम्बन्धमा == तपाईले तयार गर्नु भएको पृष्ठको वाया पट्टीको तल in other language भन्ने मेनु भएको स्थानमा गई English छान्नुहोला त्यस पश्चात लेखको नाम English मा राखि इन्टर विकी लिङ्क गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । Happy editing. [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:४१, ३० जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == दि सशङ्क रिडेम्पस्न == तपाईले तयार गरेको दि सशङ्क रिडेम्पस्नलाई शिर्षक सुधार गरी [[दि शशाङ्क रिडेम्पसन]]मा सारिएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु । [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:४८, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==About translation== Hi, Your translation does not look self translation. Please don't bother to use machine translation and paste the contents directly in articles. All of them will be deleted soon or later. Your contents are not increasing content to Nepali Wiki. If you don't stop to dump your content in Nepali Wiki the community will decide to delete the contents. Please keep it NEPALI since you are writing in Nepali. "एलेक्सका droogs क्षुद्र अपराध संग असन्तुष्टि व्यक्त र अधिक समानता र उच्च उपज चोरीको चाहान्छ" what do you mean by this?? -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> १२:१०, २९ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) Thanks for awaring me. But as you already noticed that this is not my own work and me myself is not satisfied with it. So, i will be working on it soon and give good results. Actually this incident happened because my phone became hang. Otherwise i dont have any intention to post such shit. So as i already said, i will be making it soon and i have completed 1/2 work. I will do rest next day. Thanks. [[User:Omnathpokh1|Omnathpokh1]] ([[User talk:Omnathpokh1|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:४८, २९ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎ सुरु भयो । म तपाईंलाई कार्यक्रमको लागि हाम्रो अनलाइन सम्पादनथनमा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छु । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो । हामी आशा गर्दछौं कि तपाईं उत्साहित हुनुहुन्छ र यस यात्रामा हामीसँग सामेल हुनुहुनेछ । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०१:०८, १ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19511773 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन सामुदायिक समिति सिट: प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठक == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन न्यासी समितिले सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी १ देखि मार्च १ सम्म सामुदायिक चयन प्रक्रियाहरूको बारेमा प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठकको आयोजना गरिरहेको छ। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन र विकिमिडिया अभियान विगत १० बर्षमा लगभग पाँच गुणाले वृद्धि भएको छ भने यसको समितिको संरचना र प्रक्रियाहरू मूल रूपमा उस्तै रहिरहेको छ। वर्तमान समितिको संरचनामा हाम्रो क्षमता, प्रदर्शन, र अभियानको विविधता अनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको अभाव एउटा समस्याको रूपमा रहेको छ। प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचनले गर्दा अग्रणी भाषा समुदायका उम्मेदवारहरूको पक्ष लिने गरेको छ र उनीहरूको सीप र अनुभवद्वारा समिति सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा दिन कतिको सान्दर्भिक हुन सक्छ वा समितिको विशिष्ट उत्तरदायित्वहरू निर्वाह गर्ने क्षमतामा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेको छ। तथ्यहरूलाई नियाल्दा वर्तमान प्रक्रियाहरूले उत्तर अमेरिका र पश्चिम युरोपका स्वयंसेवकहरूको पक्ष लिएको छ। वास्तवमा भन्ने हो भने, दक्षिण एसियाबाट अहिलेसम्मको इतिहासमा हेर्दा जम्मा एक जना सदस्यले मात्र समितिमा स्थान बनाउन सकेको छ। आउँदो महिनाहरूमा हामीलाई तीन सामुदायिक सिटहरू नवीकरण गर्नुपर्नेछ र नयाँ सिटमा तीन थप समुदायिक सदस्यहरू नियुक्त गर्नुपर्नेछ। यो प्रतिक्रियात्मक बैठकमा हामीहरू सबै मिलेर हाम्रो अभियानलाई कसरी प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने र अनुभव, सीप, र विश्वासका साथ अन्तरदृष्टिसहित तैयार भएका उम्मेदवारहरू छनौट गर्न प्रारूप रेखा तयार गर्न सक्छौं? यस सम्बन्धमा, प्रस्तावित विचारहरूमाथि छलफल गर्न र हामी हाम्रो विचारहरू साझा गर्न, प्रतिक्रिया दिन र प्रक्रियामा योगदान दिनको लागि सामुदायिक छलफल गर्नु राम्रो हुनेछ। यसै विषयमा छलफल गर्न, हामीले यही मार्च १३ को साँझ ७ बजे देखि ८ बजेसम्म बैठक आयोजित भइरहेको छ। बैठकको कडी निम्नलिखित रहेको छ: https://meet.google.com/ugf-xyyk-ifi नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित भाषाहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेका सम्पूर्ण भाषाका विकिपिडियन र विकिमिडियनलाई यो बैठकमा आफ्नो विचार राख्न स्वागत गरिन्छ। धन्यवाद, [[User:KCVelaga (WMF)]], ११:४२, ७ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21193233 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Invitation to Rejoin the [https://mdwiki.org/wiki/WikiProjectMed:Translation_task_force Healthcare Translation Task Force] == [[File:Wiki Project Med Foundation logo.svg|right|frameless|125px]] You have been a [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/prior/index.php medical translators within Wikipedia]. We have recently relaunched our efforts and invite you to [https://mdwiki.toolforge.org/Translation_Dashboard/index.php join the new process]. Let me know if you have questions. Best [[User:Doc James|<span style="color:#0000f1">'''Doc James'''</span>]] ([[User talk:Doc James|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/Doc James|contribs]] · [[Special:EmailUser/Doc James|email]]) 12:34, 13 August 2023 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Top_translators/20&oldid=25451577 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == योगदानको लागी धन्यवाद। == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | निरन्तर योगदानको लागी धन्यवाद। [[User:Nirmaljoshi|Nirmaljoshi]] ([[User talk:Nirmaljoshi|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:०२, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) |} == यान्त्रिक अनुवाद सम्बन्धमा == नमस्कार, तपाईद्वारा बनाइएका लेखहरूमा अप्रशोधित यान्त्रिक अनुवाद भएको देखिन्छ। लेखहरू सिर्जना गर्दा वा नयाँ विषय थप्दा वा सम्पादन गर्दा यान्त्रिक अनुवादको प्रयोग नगर्न सुझाव दिन्छु। यान्त्रिक अनुवादद्वारा बनाइएका लेखहरू सुधार्नुहोस्। सुधार भएन भने मेटाउन पनि सकिने छ। धन्यवाद। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:३७, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> qhnh3uik0xs63wmcawkez00mvcuonei 0 77285 1358096 943759 2026-06-07T12:33:03Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* */ 1358096 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बजार अर्थव्यवस्था''' (market economy) यस्तो अर्थव्यवस्था लाई भनिन्छ जसमा लगानी, उत्पादन र वितरणको निर्णय [[बजार]]को माग र आपूर्तिको आवस्थाबाट निर्धारित हुन्छ। राज्यको नियन्त्रण निर्देशन तथा दबाबविना स्वतन्त्ररूपमा सञ्चालित वा माग र प्रतिको अन्तरक्रीयाबाट मूल्य निर्धारण हुने अर्थतन्त्रलाई '''बजार अर्थव्यवस्था''' भनिन्छ। [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] अर्थतन्त्रलाई '''Market Economy''' पनि भन्ने गरिन्छ। {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:अर्थव्यवस्था]] e1grp9y81qy70kaehhq4hgch357tonx 1358097 1358096 2026-06-07T12:34:47Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358097 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बजार अर्थव्यवस्था''' (market economy) यस्तो अर्थव्यवस्था लाई भनिन्छ जसमा लगानी, उत्पादन र वितरणको निर्णय [[बजार]]को माग र आपूर्तिको आवस्थाबाट निर्धारित हुन्छ। राज्यको नियन्त्रण निर्देशन तथा दबाबविना स्वतन्त्ररूपमा सञ्चालित वा माग र प्रतिको अन्तरक्रीयाबाट मूल्य निर्धारण हुने अर्थतन्त्रलाई '''बजार अर्थव्यवस्था''' भनिन्छ। [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] अर्थतन्त्रलाई '''Market Economy''' पनि भन्ने गरिन्छ। ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[खुला बजार]] * [[स्वतन्त्र बजार]] {{ठुटो}} [[श्रेणी:अर्थव्यवस्था]] 0qgrc4pf4wz6e2tvu4os6o2q2s3s6xj 0 80480 1358335 1354695 2026-06-08T04:39:56Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* वातावरणीय नीति */ 1358335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = भ्लादिमिर पुटिन | image = Vladimir Putin (2017-07-08) (cropped).jpg | caption = | office = [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसको राष्ट्रपति]] | primeminister = [[भिक्टर जुबकोभ]]<br />[[दिमित्री मेदभेदेभ]]<br>[[मिखाइल मिसुस्तिन]] | term_start = ७ मे २०१२ | term_end = | predecessor = [[दिमित्री मेदभेदेभ]] | successor = | primeminister1 = [[मिखाइल कास्यानोभ]]<br />[[मिखाइल फ्रादकोभ]]<br />[[भिक्टर जुबकोभ]] | term_start1 = ७ मे २००० | term_end1 = ७ मे २००८<br />{{small|कार्यकारी: ३१ डिसेम्बर १९९९ – ७ मे २०००}} | predecessor1 = [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] | successor1 = [[दिमित्री मेदभेदेभ]] | office2 = [[रुसका प्रधानमन्त्री]] | president2 = [[दिमित्री मेदभेदेभ]] | deputy2 = [[इगोर सुभालोभ]] | term_start2 = ८ मे २००८ | term_end2 = ७ मे २०१२ | predecessor2 = [[भिक्टर जुबकोभ]] | successor2 = [[दिमित्री मेदभेदेभ]] | president3 = [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] | deputy3 = [[भिक्टर ख्रिसतेन्को]]<br />[[मिखाइल कास्यानोभ]] | term_start3 = ९ अगस्ट १९९९ | term_end3 = ७ मे २०००<br />{{small|कार्यकारी: ९ अगस्ट १९९९ – १६ अगस्ट १९९९}} | predecessor3 = [[सर्गेई स्तेपासिन]] | successor3 = [[मिखाइल कास्यानोभ]] | office4 = [[संयुक्त रूस]]का नेता | term_start4 = १ जनवरी २००८ | term_end4 = ३० मे २०१२ | predecessor4 = [[बोरिस ग्रिजलोभ]] | successor4 = [[दिमित्री मेदभेदेभ]] | office5 = सुरक्षा परिषद्को अध्यक्ष | president5 = [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] | term_start5 = ९ मार्च १९९९ | term_end5 = ९ अगस्ट १९९९ | predecessor5 = [[निकोले बोर्दयुझा]] | successor5 = [[सर्गेई इभानोभ]] | office6 = सङ्घीय सुरक्षा परिषद्को अध्यक्ष | president6 = [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] | term_start6 = २५ जुलाई १९९८ | term_end6 = २९ मार्च १९९९ | predecessor6 = निकोले कोभाल्योभ | successor6 = निकोलाई पात्रुसेभ | birth_name = भ्लादिमिर भ्लादिमिरोभिच पुटिन | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1952|10|7|df=y}} | birth_place = [[सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग|लेनिनग्राद]], [[सोभियत सङ्घ]]<br />{{small|(हाल [[सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग|सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्ग]], [[रुस|रुस]])}} | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[सोभियत सङ्घ कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी]] {{small|(१९७५-९१)}}<br />आवर होम रूस {{small|(१९९५–९९)}}<br />युनिटी {{small|(१९९९-२००१)}}<br /> [[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]] <small>(सन् १९९१-९५; २००१-०८)</small><br /> युनाइटेड रसिया<small>(सन् २००८-वर्तमान)</small> | otherparty = पिपल्स फ्रन्ट{{small|(सन् २०११–वर्तमान)}} | nationality = रूसी | spouse = {{marriage|[[ल्युदमिला पुटिना|ल्युदमिला पुटिन]]|28 July 1983|2014|reason=divorced}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2014/04/02/vladimir-putin-divorce/7210689/ |work=USA Today |first1=Cooper |last1=Allen |title=Putin divorce finalized, Kremlin says |date=2 April 2014}}</ref> | children = मारिया <small>(जन्म १९८५)</small><br />येकातेरिना <small>(जन्म १९८६)</small><ref>http://viola.bz/family-album-of-putin/</ref> | alma_mater = सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्ग स्टेट विश्वविद्यालय | religion = रसियन | signature = Putin signature.svg | website = {{Official website|http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/}} | allegiance = {{Flag|सोभियत सङ्घ|size=23px}} | branch = [[केजिबी]] | serviceyears = सन् १९७५-१९९१ | rank = [[File:CCCP air-force Rank podpolkovnik infobox.svg|25px]] [[कर्नल]] | awards = [[File:Orden of Honour.png|23px|border|alt==Order of Honor of the Russian Federation]] सम्मान | native_name = {{Nobold|Владимир Путин}} | native_name_lang = ru }} '''भ्लादिमिर भ्लादिमिरोभिच पुटिन''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|uː|t|ɪ|n}}; {{lang-ru|Влади́мир Влади́мирович Пу́тин|translit=}} {{IPA-ru|vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪr vɫɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn||Ru-Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.ogg}}; जन्म; ७ अक्टोबर १९५२) [[रुस|रूस]]का राजनीतिज्ञ तथा वर्तमान [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]] हुन्। पुटिनले ७ मे २०१२ देखि रूसमा राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा सेवा गरिरहेका छन्। यसभन्दा पहिले उनी सन् २००० देखि २००८ सम्म रुसको राष्ट्रपति र सन् १९९९ देखि सन् २००० तथा सन् २००८ देखि सन् २०१२ सम्म रूसको प्रधानमन्त्री बनिसकेका छन्। सन् २०२१ काा अनुसार पुटिन युरोपेली राष्ट्रपतिहरूमा बेलारुसका [[अलेक्जेन्डर लुकासेन्को]] पछि दोस्रो सबैभन्दा लामो समय शासन चलाउने राष्ट्रपति हुन्। पुटिनको जन्म लेनिनग्रादमा (अहिलेको [[सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग|सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्ग]]) भएको थियो। उनले लेनिनग्राद राज्य विश्वविद्यालयमा कानूनको अध्यायन गर्दै सन् १९७५ मा [[स्नातक तह|स्नातक]]सम्मको अध्ययन पुरा गरेका थिए। पुटिनले [[सोभियत सङ्घ]]को वैदेशिक गुप्तचार संस्था [[केजिबी]]को विदेशी गुप्तचर अधिकारीको रूपमा १६ वर्ष काम गरेका थिए। त्यो क्रममा उनी [[कर्नल#समकक्षता|कर्नल]] (नेपाली सेनाको [[प्रमुख सेनानी (नेपाली सेना)|प्रमुख सेनानी]] दर्जाको समकक्ष) पदसम्म बढुवा भएका थिए। सन् १९९१ मा उनले केजिबीबाट राजिनामा दिएर सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्गमा राजनैतिक यात्रा सुरु गरेका थिए। त्यसपछि सन् १९९६ मा उनी राष्ट्रपति [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|बोरिस यल्तसिन]]को प्रशासनमा सामेल हुन मस्को सरेका थिए। उनले त्यहाँ सङ्घीय सुरक्षा सेवाको निर्देशक र सुरक्षा परिषदको सचिवको रूपमा काम गरेका थिए। सन् १९९९ को अगस्टमा उनी प्रधानमन्त्री पदमा नियुक्त भएका थिए। राष्ट्रपति बोरिस यल्तसिनको राजिनामा पश्चात् पुटिन कार्यबाहक राष्ट्रपति हुँदै त्यसको ४ महिना पछि भएको निर्वाचनमा उनी पहिलो राष्ट्रपतिको पहिलो कार्यकालको लागि निर्वाचित भएका थिए भने सन् २००४ मा पुनः निर्वाचित भएका थिए। संविधानले लगातर दुई कार्यकालसम्म मात्र सिमित गरेको हुनाले सन् २००८ देखी २०१२ सम्म प्रधानमन्त्री बनेका पुटिन सन् २०१२ र २०१८ मा राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए। सन् २०२१ अप्रिलमा उनले एउटा संवैधानिक बदलावको कानूनमा हस्ताक्षर गरेपछि उनी अर्को दुई पटक राष्ट्रपति बन्न सक्छन् र उनको राष्ट्रपतिकाल सन् २०३६ सम्म लम्बिन सक्छ। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/vladimir-putin-president-russia-signs-law-allowing-2-more-presidential-terms/|title=Putin signs law allowing him to serve 2 more terms as Russia's president|website=www.cbsnews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2021/04/05/vladimir-putin-may-remain-russian-president-until-2036-under-new-law/7092738002/|title=Putin — already Russia's longest leader since Stalin — signs law that may let him stay in power until 2036|website=USA TODAY}}</ref> उनको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति कार्यकालमा रूसको अर्थतन्त्र सिधा आठ वर्षसम्म बृद्धि भएको थियो भने त्यस अवधिमा क्रय शक्तिअनुसार मापन गरिने [[कुल ग्राहस्थ उत्पादन|जिडिपी]] ७२% बृद्धि हुनुका साथै आय २.५ गुणाले बढेको थियो। पहिलोपटक राष्ट्रपतिमा नियुक्त भएका पुटिनको कार्यकालमा ज्याला-तलब ३ गुणा भन्दा धेरैले वृद्धि हुनका साथै [[बेरोजगारी]] र [[गरिबी]] आधा भन्दा धेरै कम भएको थियो भने आत्म-मूल्याङ्कन जीवन सन्तुष्टी उल्लेख्यनीय रूपले वृद्धि भएको थियो।<ref name="challenges_p12">{{cite book|editor=Anders Åslund|editor2=Sergei Guriev|editor3=Andrew C. Kuchins|title=Russia After the Global Economic Crisis|chapter=Challenges Facing the Russian Economy after the Crisis<!-- |pages=9–39 -->|last1=Guriev|first1=Sergei|last2=Tsyvinski|first2=Aleh|publisher=Peterson Institute for International Economics; Centre for Strategic and International Studies; New Economic School|year=2010|isbn=978-0-88132-497-6|pages=12–13}}<!-- This reference needs fixed with repeated pages --></ref> [[इराक युद्ध]]पछि तेल र [[प्राकृतिक ग्याँस|ग्याँस]]को मूल्यमा भएको पाँच गुणा वृद्धि, कम्युनिष्ट शासन पछिको [[आर्थिक मन्दी]] र वित्तीय सङ्कटबाट पुन: सामान्यकरण, वैदेशिक लगानीमा वृद्धि<ref>[http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/invest/in_inv1.htm ПОСТУПЛЕНИЕ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ИНВЕСТИЦИЙ ПО ТИПАМ] Rosstat</ref> र विवेकपूर्ण आर्थिक तथा वित्तीय नीतिहरू<ref name="Putin 2007">''Putin: Russia's Choice'', (Routledge 2007), by [[Richard Sakwa]], Chapter 9.</ref><ref name="Fragile Empire 2013 page 17">''Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin'', Yale University Press (2013), by Ben Judah, page 17.</ref>को परिणाम यी वृद्धि थियो। सन् २००८ देखि २०१२ सम्म [[दिमित्री मेदभेदेभ]]को मातहतमा प्रधानमन्त्री बनेर उनले ठूलो मात्रामा सैन्य सुधार र प्रहरी सुधारकाा कार्यहरू गरेका थिए। सन् २०१२ मा पुटिनले लगभग ६४% मतले विजय हासिल गरेपछि उनले राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा तेस्रो कार्यकाल सम्हालेका थिए। <ref>Shuster, Simon. [http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2108309,00.html "In Russia, an Election Victory for Putin and Then a 'Paid Flash Mob'"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190626224232/http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2108309,00.html |date=2019-06-26 }}, ''[[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम]]'' (5 March 2012).</ref> सन् २०१४ को सुरुवातमा [[रूसद्वारा क्रिमियाको बिलय]] र डोनबासको युद्ध पश्चात् तेलको मूल्यमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिबन्ध लगाइएको थियो भने सन् २०१५ मा [[कुल ग्राहस्थ उत्पादन]] ३.७% ले घटेको थियो। सन् २०१६ मा रूसी अर्थव्यवस्थामा ०.३% कुल ग्राहस्थ उत्पादनमा वृद्धि देखा परेेपछि [[आर्थिक मन्दी|मन्दी]] आधिकारिक रूपमा समाप्त भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrapoza/2017/04/03/its-official-sanctioned-russia-now-recession-free/|title=It's Official: Sanctioned Russia Now Recession Free|date=3 April 2017|work=Forbes}}</ref> पुटिनको नेतृत्वमा भएको विकासमा पाइपलाइन निर्माण, उपग्रह नेभिगेसन प्रणाली ग्लोसनासको पुनर्स्थापना र सोचीमा सन् २०१४ शीतकालीन ओलम्पिक जस्ता अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कार्यक्रमहरूको लागि पूर्वाधारको निर्माण समावेश छ। पुटिनले सन् २०१८ को चुनावमा ७६% मत प्राप्त गर्दै सन् २०२४ सम्मका लागि राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनः निर्वाचित भएका थिए। == प्रारम्भिक जीवनी == भ्लादिमिर पुटिनको जन्म सन् १९५२ अक्टोबर ७ मा लेनिनग्रादमा भएको थियो। किशोरावस्थामा भ्लादिमिर पनि अन्तरिक्ष यात्री बन्ने सपना बनाएका थिए तर बढ्दो उमेरसँगै विश्वका प्रमुख युद्धहरूमा जासुसहरूले खेलेको भूमिकाका बारेमा लेखिएका चर्चित कथाले उनलाई आकर्षित गरेपछि उनले सोभियत सङ्घको गुप्तचर संस्था [[केजिबी]]मा सेवा गर्ने मन बनाएका थिए। एउटा सफल गुप्तचर बन्नको लागि [[कानून]] विषयको राम्रो ज्ञान आवश्यक पर्ने सल्लाह बमोजिम उनले लेनिनग्राद राजकीय विश्वविद्यालयमा भर्ना लिएका थिए। कानून विषयमा उच्च शिक्षा प्राप्त गरिसकेपछि उनले सन् १९७५ मा [[केजिबी]] भर्ना भएका थिए। उनलाई केजिबी एजेन्टको रूपमा सन् १९८५ मा तत्कालीन [[पूर्व जर्मनी|पूर्वी जर्मनी]]मा नियुक्त गरिएको थियो। उर्जावान र प्रतिभाशाली युवा भएकै कारणले उनलाई पाँच वर्षमा एउटै कार्यालयभित्र दुईपटक बढुवा गरिएको थियो। सन् १९९० मा [[जर्मनी]]बाट फिर्ता भएपछि उनले [[सेन्ट पिटर्सवर्ग|लेनिनग्राद]]को मेयरको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध सल्लाहकारको रूपमा काम गर्न थालेका थिए। == राजनीतिक जीवन == === सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्गमा प्रशासन कार्य (सन् १९९०–१९९६) === सन् १९९० मा पुटिनलाई लेनिनग्रादका मेयर अनातोली सब्चाकको सल्लाहकारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरिएको थियो भने त्यहाँबाट उनले आफ्नो राजनीतिक जीवन सुरु गरेका थिए। २८ जुन १९९१ मा उनी सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्ग मेयर कार्यालयको विदेश समितिको प्रमुख बन्दै उनले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध र वैदेशिक लगानी प्रबर्द्धनको जिम्मेवारी प्राप्त गरेका थिए। पुटिनको अध्यक्षतामा यो समितिले व्यवसायिक उद्यमहरू पनि दर्ता गरेको थियो। सन् १९९४ देखी १९९६ सम्म पुटिनले सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्गमा अन्य विभिन्न राजनीतिक र सरकारी क्षेत्रमा काम गरेका थिए।<ref name="30bio">{{cite web|url=http://gazeta.lenta.ru/daynews/09-08-1999/30bio.htm|title=Владимир Путин: от ассистента Собчака до и.о. премьера|date=९ अगस्त १९९९|publisher=गजेता डट आरयु|language=रूसी|trans-title=भ्लादिमिर पुटिन: सहायकबाट अन्तरीम प्रधानमन्त्री सम्म|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810054603/http://gazeta.lenta.ru/daynews/09-08-1999/30bio.htm|archive-date=10 अगस्त 2013|accessdate=१० मे २०१४}}</ref> === मस्कोमा प्रारम्भिक वृती  (सन् १९९६–१९९९) === [[चित्र:RIAN archive 100306 Vladimir Putin, Federal Security Service Director.jpg|thumb|upright|सङ्घीय सुरक्षा सेवाको निर्देशकको रूपमा पुटिन, सन् १९९८ जनवरी १]] सन् १९९६ मा मेयर अनातोली सब्चाक लेनिनग्रादको चुनावमा पराजित भएपछि पुटिनलाई मस्को बोलाइएको थियो। सङ्घीय सुरक्षा सेवाको निर्देशकको रूपमा पुटिन, १ जनवरी १९९८ बाट राष्ट्रपति बोरिस येल्तसिनको प्रशासन कार्यालयमा काम सुरु गरेका थिए। उनी यस पदमा मार्च १९९७ सम्म बसेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.itogi.ru/Paper2006.nsf/Article/Itogi_2006_11_19_01_5543.html|title=Продукты полураспада|date=20 सेप्टेम्बर 2006|language=ru|trans-title=उत्पाद अर्ध-क्षय आयु|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007063156/http://www.itogi.ru/Paper2006.nsf/Article/Itogi_2006_11_19_01_5543.html|archive-date=७ अक्टोबर २००८|accessdate=९ जुन २०१४|author=अलेग आदनकलेनको|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007063156/http://www.itogi.ru/Paper2006.nsf/Article/Itogi_2006_11_19_01_5543.html |date=2008-10-07 }}</ref> सन् १९९७ मार्च २६ मा राष्ट्रपति बोरिस येल्तसिनले पुटिनलाई राष्ट्रपति प्रशासनको उप-प्रमुखको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेपछि उनले सन् १९९८ को मे महिनासम्म काम गरेका थिए। यसका साथै सन् १९९८ जुुन सम्ममा उनी राष्ट्रपति सम्पत्ति प्रबन्धन विभागको मुख्य नियन्त्रण निर्देशालयको प्रमुख पनि थिए।<ref name="Vlast">{{cite book|last=प्रिबिलोभ्सेकी|authorlink=:en:Vladimir Pribylovsky|archive-date=31 जुलाई 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731145504/http://scilla.ru/works/knigi/vlast2010.pdf|access-date=8 मई 2014|chapter=भ्लादिमिर पुटिन|language=रूसी|location=मास्को|url=http://scilla.ru/works/knigi/vlast2010.pdf|first=व्लादिमीर|pages=132–139|isbn=978-5-94420-038-9|publisher=प्यानेरोमा|year=2010|trans-title=शक्ति-२०१० (६० जीवनी)|title=Власть-2010 (60 биографий)|url-status=dead}}</ref> २५ मे १९९८ मा पुटिनलाई सङ्घीय सुरक्षा सेवाको (उत्तराधिकारी एजेन्सी मध्ये एक) प्रमुखमा नियुक्त गरिएको थियो। उनी १ अक्टोबर १९९८ मा रूसी सङ्घको सुरक्षा परिषद्को स्थायी सदस्य र २९ मार्च १९९९ मा पुनः परिषदीयको सचिव बनेका थिए। === प्रधानमन्त्री (सन् १९९९) === ९ अगस्ट १९९९ मा भ्लादिमिर पुटिनलाई तीन उप-प्रधानमन्त्री मध्ये एकमा नियुक्ति गरिएपछि सोही दिन राष्ट्रपति [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]]ले उनलाई रूसी सङ्घीय सरकारको कार्यवाहक प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/415278.stm |title=Text of President Yeltsin's speech |trans-title=राष्ट्रपति येल्तसिनको भाषणको पाठ |accessdate=११ मे 2014 |date=9 अगस्त 1999 |publisher=बीबीसी समाचार |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115065357/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/not_in_website/syndication/monitoring/415278.stm |archive-date=१५ जनवरी २००९ |url-status=live }}</ref> एक टेलिभिजन सम्बोधनमा राष्ट्रपति येल्तसिनले पुटिनलाई आफ्नो उत्तराधिकारीको रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरेेेकै दिन पुटिनले राष्ट्रपति पदको चुनावमा लड्ने सहमति जनाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/415087.stm |title=Yeltsin redraws political map|publisher=बीबीसी समाचार |date=१० अगस्ट १९९९ |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |language=अङ्ग्रेजी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115100905/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/415087.stm |archive-date=१५ जनवरी २००९ |url-status=live }}</ref> १६ अगस्टमा [[राजकीय डुमा]]ले पुटिनको पक्षमा २३३ मत दिएर प्रधानमन्त्री पदमा उनको नियुक्तिलाई मञ्जुरी दिएको थियो। बहुमतको लागि २२६ आवश्यक भएकोमा उनले साधारण बहुमत प्राप्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/422001.stm |title=Yeltsin's man wins approval |trans-title=येल्तसिन के आदमी ने अनुमोदन जीता |publisher=बीबीसी समाचार |date=१६ अगस्ट १९९९ |accessdate=२२ जुन २०१३ |language=अङ्ग्रेजी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115095231/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/422001.stm |archive-date=१५ जनवरी २००९ |url-status=live }}</ref> यसको साथ उनी अठार महिना भित्र रूसको पाँचौँ प्रधानमन्त्री बनेका थिए। सुरुवातमा उनलाई येल्तसिनको समर्थकको रुपमा देखिएको थियो भने बोरिस येल्तसिनको अन्य प्रधानमन्त्री जस्तै पुटिनले पनि आफ्नो मन्त्रीको चयन आफै गरेका थिएनन्। उनको मन्त्रीमण्डलको निर्धारण राष्ट्रपति प्रशासनद्वारा गरिन्थ्यो।<ref>{{cite book|author=रिचर्ड साकवा|title=Putin: Russia's choice|trans-title=पुटिन: रूस की पसंद|year=2008|page=20| language = अङ्ग्रेजी|isbn= 978-0415407663}}</ref> यस बीच रूस चेचन्यामा रूसबाट पृथकातावादी लडाइँ चलिरहेको थियो। रूसी सेनाले चेचन्यामाथि छिटो नियन्त्रण जमाएपछि पुटिनको कानूनी व्यवस्थाको समर्थ छवि र चेचन्यामा कडा नजरको कारण उनको लोकप्रियता निकै बढेको थियो। पुटिनले नवगठित संयुक्त पार्टी<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/polgrupp.exe?Unity |title=Political groups and parties: Unity |trans-title=राजनीतिक समूह और दल: एकता |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010702200941/http://www.nupi.no/cgi-win/Russland/polgrupp.exe?Unity |archivedate=२ जुलाई २००१ |access-date=६ मे २०१४ |url-status=dead }}</ref> प्रति आफ्नो समर्थन जनाएका थिए। यस पार्टीले सन् १९९९ को डिसेम्बरमा भएको ड्युमा निर्वाचनमा लोकप्रिय मतको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो अंश (२३.३%) जितेको थियो। यसको बदलामा पार्टीले पनि उनको समर्थन गरेेको थियो === कार्यवाहक राष्ट्रपति (सन् १९९९-२०००) === [[चित्र:Putin and Yeltsin cropped.jpg|thumb|left|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]] सँगै राष्ट्रपति पदको शपथ लिँदै पुटिन, सन् २००० मे]] सन् १९९९ डिसेम्बरमा राष्ट्रपति येल्तसिनको कार्यकाल पूरा हुनुभन्दा अगाडिनै आफ्नो पदबाट राजीनामा दिएका थिए भने रूसको संविधान अनुसार पुटिन रूसको कार्यवाहक राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए। त्यसै दिन उनले आफ्नो पहिलो आदेशमा हस्ताक्षर गरेपछि त्यसको अनुसार "निवर्तमान राष्ट्रपति र उनका नातेदार विरुद्ध भ्रष्टाचारको आरोपमा कुनै कारबाही गरिँदैन।" भन्ने सुनिश्चित गरिएको थियो।<ref name=Time.com-POTY2007>{{cite web |author=आदि इग्नेसियस |url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1690757_1690766-4,00.html |title=Person of the Year 2007: A Tsar Is Born |trans-title=वर्ष २००७ का व्यक्ति: एक ज़ार (रूसी राजा) का जन्म |publisher=टाइम मैगज़ीन |page=4 |date=19 दिसम्बर 2007 |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |language=अङ्ग्रेजी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140814181532/http://content.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1690757_1690766-4,00.html |archive-date=१४ अगस्ट २०१३ |url-status=live }}</ref> सन् २००१ फेब्रुअरी १२ मा पुटिनले यसै आदेशसँग मिल्दोजुल्दो सङ्घीय कानूनमा हस्ताक्षर गरे जसले सन् १९९९ मा दिइएको आदेशको स्थान लिएको थियो। येल्तसिनको राजिनामाको परिणामस्वरूप तीन महिना भित्र राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन गरिएपछि पुटिनको पक्षमा ५२.९४% मत झरेपछि उनले निर्वाचनमा विजय हासिल गरेका थिए। <ref name=elections-history>{{cite web |url=http://www.ria.ru/vybor2012_infographics/20120309/590825026.html |title=История президентских выборов в России |trans-title=रूसको राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचनको इतिहास |publisher=आरआईए नोभेस्ती |date=९ मार्च २०१२ |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |language=रूसी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011131408/http://ria.ru/vybor2012_infographics/20120309/590825026.html |archive-date=११ अक्टोबर २०१४ |url-status=live }}</ref> === राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पहिलो कार्यकाल (सन् २०००-२००४) === सन् २००० को मे ७ का दिन राष्ट्रपति कार्यलय सम्हालेका पुटिनले अर्थमन्त्री मिखाइल कास्यानोभलाई प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए। पुटिनले राष्ट्रपति पद सम्हाले लगत्तै उनले देशको राजनीतिलाई प्रभावित गर्ने कोशिस गरिरहेका ठूला व्यवसायी र अरबपतीहरू विरुद्ध सङ्घर्ष सुरु गरेका थिए। पुटिनको शासनकालमा रूसले ठूलो सफलता हासिल गरेको थियो। उनको शासनकालमा कार्यकालमा कुल गार्हस्थ उत्पादनको औसत वार्षिक वृद्धि दर ६.५ प्रतिशत थियो। त्यसपछि उनकै कार्यकालमा विदेशी ऋणलाई पनि रूसले चुक्ता गरेेको थियो जसकारण विदेशी मुद्रा भण्डारमा वृद्धि भएको थियो। [[युरोपेली सङ्घ]] र [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]सँग रूसको सम्बन्ध बलियो बनाउन, [[नाटो]]को साथ सहयोगको सुरुवात गर्न र रूसलाई [[विश्व व्यापार सङ्गठन]]को सदस्य बनाउनको लागि गरिएको प्राथमिक कदममा पुटिनलाई सफलता हासिल भएको थियो। यस अवधिमा पुटिनको छवि बिगार्ने केही घटना पनि घटेका थिए। पनडुब्बी 'कुर्स्क' डुबेको घटनालाई संवेदनशील ढङ्गबाट नसम्हालेको कारण उनको आलोचना भएको थियो।<ref name=Kursk>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1487112.stm|title=Spectre of Kursk haunts Putin|publisher=[[बीबीसी समाचार]]|date=१२ अगस्ट २००१|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115100835/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/1487112.stm|archive-date=१५ जनवरी २००९|url-status=live}}</ref> अगस्ट २००० को यस पनडुब्बी डुबेको घटनामा त्यहाँ सवार ११८ मानिसहरू मारिएका थिए। त्यतिबेला पुटिन आफ्नो बिदामा बसेका कारण फर्केर आएका थिएनन् बिदाबाट फर्केको कयौँ दिन पछि मात्र उनले घटनास्थलको भ्रमण गरेका थिए।<ref name=Kursk /> सन् २००२ मा जब चेचेन आतङ्ककारीले मस्कोको एक सङ्गीत थिएटरमा कब्जा गरेपछि त्यहाँका १२९ दर्शकहरू मारिएका थिए। पुटिनका आलोचकहरूले "यस कारबाहीको समयमा आम सर्वसाधारणको जीवनसँग खेलवाड गरिएको थियो र क्रेमलिनद्वारा वास्तविक जानकारी आम मानिसबाट लुकाइएको थियो" भन्नेे गरेका थिए। त्यससमय रूसी प्रेस र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सञ्चार माध्यमहरूमा "यस घटनाबाट राष्ट्रपति पुटिनको लोकप्रियतामा गम्भीर नोक्सान हुने" बताइएको थियो। यसको बाबजुद घेराबन्दी समाप्त भएको केही समयपछि यी अनुमानहरू गलत साबित भएका थिए। रूसी राष्ट्रपति पुटिनको सार्वजनिक लोकप्रियता शिखरमा थियो। रूसको ८३% जनता पुटिन र यस घटन सम्हाल्ने उनको तरिकाबाट सन्तुष्ट बनेका थिए। <ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2565585.stm |title=Moscow siege leaves dark memories |publisher=बीबीसी समाचार |date=१६ डिसेम्बर २००२ |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |language=अङ्ग्रेजी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140705182703/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2565585.stm |archive-date=५ जुलाई २०१४ |url-status=live }}</ref> सन् २००३ मा चेचन्यामा एक [[जनमत सङ्ग्रह]] आयोजित गरिएपछि त्यसका अनुसार एक नयाँ संविधानले स्वीकृत प्राप्त गरेको थियो। यस संविधान अनुसार चेचन्यालाई रूसको एक अंशको रूपमा घोषणा गरिएको थियो। चेचन्यामा संसदीय चुनाव र एक क्षेत्रीय सरकारको स्थापना गरेर अवस्था विस्तारै विस्तारै स्थिर भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2331993.ece |title=Can Grozny be groovy? |work=द इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट |date=६ मार्च २००७ |archivedate=६ मार्च २००७ |archiveurl=http://archive.is/iiuWk |location=लन्डन |language=अङ्ग्रेजी }} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20071001081959/http://news.independent.co.uk/europe/article2331993.ece |date=2007-10-01 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/russia/chechnya/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061121224006/http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/russia/chechnya/ |archivedate=२१ नोभेम्बर २००६ |title=Human Rights Watch Reports, on human rights abuses in Chechnya|publisher=ह्युमन राइट्स वाच}}</ref> === राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा दोस्रो कार्यकाल (सन् २००४-२००८)=== [[चित्र:Victory Day Parade 2005-5.jpg|thumb|सन् २००५ मा [[लाल चोक]]को विजय दिवस परेडमा बोलिरहेका पुटिन]] सन् २००४ मा ७१ प्रतिशत मतको साथ पुटिन दोस्रोपटक राष्ट्रपति निर्वाचित भएका थिए। <ref name=elections-history /> २००४ सेप्टेम्बरमा आतङ्कवादीहरूले बेसलानमा स्थित एक विद्यालयमा १,१०० भन्दा बढी मानिसहरूलाई बन्धक बनाएका थिए। यस घटनामा सयौँ मानिसहरूको मृत्यु भएको थियो। यो घटनापछि पुटिनले कयौँ व्यापक प्रसाशनिक कदम उठाएका थिए। रूसमा सञ्चार माध्यममा स्वतन्त्रताको विरुद्ध व्यापक स्तरमा कारबाहीको लागि पश्चिमी जगत एवम् रूसी उदारवादीहरूमाझ पुटिनको आलोचना भएको थियो। सन् २००६ अक्टोबर ७ मा अना पलिटकोभ्स्काया नामक एक पत्रकारको उनकै कोठामा गोली हानी हत्या गरिएको थियो जसले चेच्न्यामा रूसी सेनाको अनुचित आचरण र भ्रष्टाचारको उजागर गरेका थिए। पलिटकोभ्सेकायाको मृत्युप्रति पश्चिमी सञ्चार माध्यमहरूले तीखो प्रतिकृया दिएका थिए भने उनीहरूले पुटिनमाथि स्वतन्त्र सञ्चार माध्यमको रक्षा गर्न असफल भएको आरोप लगाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news |url=http://comment.independent.co.uk/columnists_m_z/joan_smith/article1822204.ece |title=Putin's Russia failed to protect this brave woman – Joan Smith |work=द इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट |date=९ अक्टोबर २००६ |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |location=लन्डन |language=अङ्ग्रेजी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201301/http://comment.independent.co.uk/columnists_m_z/joan_smith/article1822204.ece |archive-date=२७ सेप्टेम्बर २००७ |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927201301/http://comment.independent.co.uk/columnists_m_z/joan_smith/article1822204.ece |date=2007-09-27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/10/09/1358259|title=Anna Politkovskaya, Prominent Russian Journalist, Putin Critic and Human Rights Activist, Murdered in Moscow|publisher=डेमोक्रेसी नाउ|date=९ अक्टोबर २००६|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114163923/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06%2F10%2F09%2F1358259|archive-date=१४ नोभेम्बर २००७|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114163923/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06%2F10%2F09%2F1358259 |date=2007-11-14 }}</ref> सन् २००७ को सेप्टेम्बर १२ का दिन पुटिनले प्रधानमन्त्री मिखाइल फ्रादकोभको अनुरोधमा सरकार भङ्ग गरेपछि उनले भिक्टर जुबकोभलाई नयाँ प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गरेका थिए। === प्रधानमन्त्रीको रूपमा दोस्रो कार्यकाल (सन् २००८-२०१२)=== रूसी संविधान अनुसार पुटिन लगातार तेस्रो पटकसम्म राष्ट्रपति बन्न पाउँदैनथे। सन् २००८ मा राष्ट्रपति निर्वाचनमा पुटिनले दिमित्री मेदभेदेभलाई समर्थन गरे भने उनले आफ्नो तर्फबाट चिनाव जितेपछि पुटिनलाई प्रधानमन्त्रीमा नियुक्त गर्ने वचन दिएका थिए। मेदभेदेभले ७०.२८ प्रतिशत मत पाएर चुनावमा भारी बहुमतले जित हासिल गरेपछि उनले निर्वाचन अघि आफूले गरेको वचन पूरा गर्दै पुटिनलाई प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/world/europe/09russia.html |title=Putin Is Approved as Prime Minister|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/09/world/europe/09russia.html?_r=0|publisher= न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=९ मे २००८ |accessdate= ११ जुन २०१४|author=सिजे चिभेर्स | language = अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> यसपछि पत्रकारहरूले यी दुई नेताद्वारा बनाइएको सत्तातन्त्रलाई एक "राजनैतिक जोडीको सत्ता" को नाम दिएका थिए। यस बीच रूसी अर्थव्यवस्थामाथि ठूलो आर्थिक शिथिलता (सन् २००७-८) को गहिरो असर पर्नुका साथै पश्चिमी ऋण तथा लगानी प्रवाहमा रुकावट आउन सुरु भएको थियो। यसै समय सन् २००८ मा [[रुस-जर्जिया युद्ध|दक्षिणी ओसेसिया युद्ध]] पनि सुरु भएकाले युद्धमा रूसले [[नाटो|नेटो]] सहयोगी [[जर्जिया (स्पष्टता)|जर्जिया]]लाई पराजित गरेपछि त्यसको परिणामस्वरूप युरोपेली सङ्घ र अमेरिकासँग रूस सम्बन्धमा तनाव आएको थियो। रूसको स्थिरीकरण कोषमा सञ्चित एक ठूलो वित्तीय भण्डार र कुशल व्यवस्थापनका कारण यस सङ्कट जुध्न र सन् २००९ पछि आर्थिक वृद्धिको यात्रा सुरु गर्न देशलाई सहायता मिलेेेेको थियो। सङ्कटसँग जुध्न लिइएको निर्णय र उठाइएको कदमको [[विश्व बैङ्क|विश्व बैंक]]ले सन् २००८ नोबेम्बरको रूस आर्थिक प्रतिवेदनमा प्रशंसा गरेको थियो।<ref name=worldbankreports>{{cite web |url=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/RUSSIANFEDERATIONEXTN/0, contentMDK:20888536~menuPK:2445695~pagePK:1497618~piPK:217854~theSitePK:305600,00.html |title=Russian Economic Reports |publisher=विश्व बैंक |date=१० नोभेम्बर २००९ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411130322/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/RUSSIANFEDERATIONEXTN/0, |archivedate=११ अप्रिल २०१० |access-date=१५ जुन २०२० |url-status=live }}{{Dead link|date=March 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> सन् २०११ को सेप्टेम्बर २४ का दिन मस्कोमा संयुक्त रूसको काङ्ग्रेसमा राष्ट्रपति मेदभेदेभले सार्वजनिक रूपमा सन् २०१२ को राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा आफू उम्मेदवार नहुने र यस पदमा पुटिनलाई समर्थन गर्ने घोषणा गरेका थिए। सन् २०११ डिसेम्बर ४ मा भएको संसदीय चुनावमा राष्ट्रपति समर्थक सत्तारूढ पार्टी "युनाइटेड रसिया" लाई लगभग ५० प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त भए लगत मस्को र रूसको अन्य सहरमा चुनावको समयमा सत्तारूढ पार्टीद्वारा धाँधली गरिएको दाबी गर्दै भएको सडक प्रदर्शनमा हजारौँ मानिसहरू सहभागी भएका थिए। यो पुटिनको समयमा भएको सबैभन्दा ठूलो विरोध प्रदर्शन थियो। प्रदर्शनकारिहरूले पुटिन र युनाइटेड रसिया आलोचना गर्दै चुनाव परिणाम खारेज गर्न माग गरेका थिए।<ref name=GuardLive>{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2011/dec/10/russia-elections-putin-protest|title=Russian election protests – follow live updates|publisher=द गार्डियन|date=१० डिसेम्बर २०११|author=डेभिड बेतली|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114235300/http://www.guardian.co.uk/global/2011/dec/10/russia-elections-putin-protest|archive-date=१४ जनवरी २०१३|url-status=live}}</ref> यसको बदलामा पुटिनका समर्थकहरूले पनि कयौँँ र्‍याली प्रदर्शन गरे जुन पुटिन विरोधी प्रदर्शन भन्दा निकै व्यापक थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.politonline.ru/comments/10432.html |title=Как митинг на Поклонной собрал около 140 000 человек |publisher=पोलित अनलाइन |date=४ फेब्रुअरी २०१२ |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |language=रूसी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140427082724/http://www.politonline.ru/comments/10432.html |archive-date=२७ अप्रिल २०१४ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा तेस्रो कार्यकाल (सन् २०१२-२०१८)=== सन् २०१२ मार्च ४ मा पुटिन ६३.६% मतका साथ राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचनमा निर्वाचित भएका थिए।<ref name=elections-history/> चुनावलाई पारदर्शी बनाउनको लागि मतदान केन्द्रमा वेब क्यामराको प्रयोग सहित अन्य प्रयास प्रचारित गरिएको थियो। यद्यपि रूसी विपक्षी तथा अन्तराष्ट्रिय पर्यवेक्षकहरूले चुनावको आलोचना गर्दै प्रक्रियामा अनियमितता भएको आरोप लगाएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia’s presidential election marked by unequal campaign conditions, active citizens’ engagement, international observers say|url=http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/88661|publisher=ओएससिई (युरोपमा सुरक्षा तथा सहयोगका लागि एक सङ्गठन)|date=५ मार्च २०१२|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140801023330/http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/88661|archive-date=1 अगस्त 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> राष्ट्रपति पदको प्रचार अभियानको तत्कालै पुटिन विरोधी प्रदर्शन भएका थिए। यसमा फेब्रुअरी २१ को पुस्की विरोध र यसमा सहभागीहरूमा मुद्दा सबभन्दा चर्चामा रहेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2012/aug/17/pussy-riot-sentenced-prison-putin | work=द गार्डियन | first=मिरियम | last=एल्डर | title=Pussy Riot sentenced to two years in prison colony over anti-Putin protest | date=१७ अगस्ट २०१२ | location=लन्डन | language=अङ्ग्रेजी | access-date=१० मे २०१४ | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618034231/http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2012/aug/17/pussy-riot-sentenced-prison-putin | archive-date=१८ जुन २०१३ | url-status=live }}</ref> यसबाहेक मे ६ का दिन पुटिनको स्वदेश फिर्ताका विरुद्धमा मस्कोको एक र्‍यालिमा प्रहरीसँग भएको झडपमा ८० मानिसहरू घाइते भएका थिए भने<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lenta.ru/news/2012/05/10/more/|title=СК пересчитал пострадавших полицейских во время "Марша миллионов"|publisher=लेन्ता डट आरयु|date=१० मे २०१२|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|language=रूसी|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140320101533/http://lenta.ru/news/2012/05/10/more|archive-date=२० मार्च २०१४|url-status=live}}</ref> ४५० प्रदर्शनकारीहरूलाई हिरासतमा लिइएको थियो। प्रहरी र प्रदर्शनकारीहरू बीच भएको यस झडपको विरोधमा त्यस दिन लगभग ८,००० देखि २०,००० व्यक्तिहरू जम्मा भएका थिए। <ref name=vz-provocation>{{cite web|url=http://vz.ru/politics/2012/5/6/577272.html|title=Провокация вместо марша|publisher=विज डट आरयु|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|date=६ मे २०१२|language=रूसी|author=इवान एफिनेगोनभ|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810225000/http://vz.ru/politics/2012/5/6/577272.html|archive-date=१० अगस्ट २०१४|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Russian police battle anti-Putin protesters">{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/06/us-russia-protests-idUSBRE8440CK20120506|title=Russian police battle anti-Putin protesters|agency=रायटर्स|accessdate=11 जुन २०१४|date=६ मे २०१२|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710152811/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/06/us-russia-protests-idUSBRE8440CK20120506|archive-date=१० जुलाई २०१४|url-status=live}}</ref> राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा आफ्नो पहिलो दिन पुटिनले १४ आदेश जारी गरेका थिए जसमा रूसी अर्थव्यवस्थाको लागि व्यापक लक्ष्यको विस्तारमा वर्णन गरिएको थियो। अन्य आदेशमा शिक्षा, आवास, कुशल श्रम प्रशिक्षण, युरोपेली सङ्घसँगको सम्बन्ध, रक्षा उद्योग, अन्तर जातीय सम्बन्ध र अन्य नीति क्षेत्रसँग सम्बन्धित थिए जुन राष्ट्रपति अभियानको समयमा पुटिनद्वारा जारी गरिएको थियो। <ref>{{cite web |url=http://larouchepac.com/node/22623 |title="Putin Inaugurated; States Intention for Russia to Be "Center of Gravity for the Whole of Eurasia", May 8, 2012 |publisher=लारोचेपक डटकम |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |date=८ मे २०१२ |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731192357/http://larouchepac.com/node/22623 |archive-date=३१ जुलाई २०१३ |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731192357/http://larouchepac.com/node/22623 |date=July 31, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://voiceofrussia.com/2012_05_07/74079067/ |title="Putin decrees EU closeness policy", Voice of Russia, May 7, 2012 |publisher=रेडियो रूस |date=७ मे २०१२ |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |language=अङ्ग्रेजी |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625131307/http://voiceofrussia.com/2012_05_07/74079067/ |archive-date=२५ जुन २०१४ |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625131307/http://voiceofrussia.com/2012_05_07/74079067/ |date=June 25, 2014 }}</ref> सन् २०१२ र सन् २०१३ मा पुटिन र संयुक्त रूस पार्टीले सेन्ट पिटर्सबर्ग, अर्चँगेल्स्क र नोभोसिबिर्स्कमा समलैङ्गिक, उभयलिङ्गी र विपरीतलिङ्गी समुदायको विरुद्ध कडा कानून बनाउनेमा समर्थन जनाएका थिए। सन् २०१३ मा राजकिय डुमामा "समलैङ्गिक प्रचार" विरुद्ध एक कानून (जुनले इन्द्रेणी झन्डा जस्तो प्रतीकहरू र समलैङ्गिक सामग्री युक्त प्रकाशित कृतिहरू माथी प्रतिबन्ध लगाउँछ) पारित गरिएको थियो। <ref name="BBC-LGBT">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/russia/2013/06/130611_duma_gay_propaganda.shtml?print=1|title=Госдума приняла закон о "нетрадиционных отношениях"|publisher=बीबीसी रूस|date=११ जुन २०१३|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HJ6j62nr?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/russian/russia/2013/06/130611_duma_gay_propaganda.shtml?print=1|archivedate=११ जुन २०१३|language=रूसी|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="RBC-LGBT">{{cite web|url=http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20130611172814.shtml?print|title=ГД приняла закон об усилении наказания за пропаганду гомосексуализма среди подростков|publisher=आरबिसी|date=११ जुन २०१३|accessdate=११ जुन २०१४|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HJ6l84Me?url=http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/20130611172814.shtml?print|archivedate=११ जुन २०१३|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Discrimination in Russia: Arrests for Violation of St. Petersburg Anti-Gay Law|url = http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/two-arrested-in-st-petersburg-for-violating-city-s-new-anti-gay-law-a-826199.html|date = ६ अप्रिल २०१२|accessdate = ११ जुन २०१४|publisher = स्पिगेल नलाइन|language = अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140813040454/http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/two-arrested-in-st-petersburg-for-violating-city-s-new-anti-gay-law-a-826199.html|archive-date = 13 अगस्त 2014|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Russian parliament backs ban on "gay propaganda"|url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/25/us-russia-gay-idUSBRE90O0QT20130125|date = 25 जनवरी 2013|author = गाब्रिएला बकजिन्स्का र अलिस्सा डी कार्बोनेल|accessdate = ११ जुन २०१४|language = अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140804122853/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/25/us-russia-gay-idUSBRE90O0QT20130125|archive-date = 4 अगस्त 2014|url-status = live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title = Russia moves to enact laws against 'homosexual propaganda'|url = http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/01/21/russia-moves-to-enact-anti-gay-laws/d|date = 21 जनवरी 2013|accessdate = 11 जून 2014|publisher = फक्स समाचार| language = अङ्ग्रेजी}}</ref> रूसको यस कानून माथी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय जगतमा उठेका प्रश्नहरूको जवाफ दिँदै पुटिनले भने ,"यो कानूनले केवल बाल यौन शोषण र समलैङ्गिकताको प्रचार माथि प्रतिबन्ध लगाउँछ"। उनले बताए अनुसार सन् २०१४ शीतकालीन ओलम्पिक हेर्न आउने समलैङ्गिक आगन्तुकहरूलाई बालबच्चाहरूबाट अलग राखिनुपर्छ। पुटिनले रूसमा समलैङ्गिकहरू विरुद्ध कुनै प्रकारको सामाजिक भेदभाव भएको कुरा अस्वीकार गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vladimir-putin-i-know-some-people-who-are-gay-were-on-friendly-terms-9070363.html | title=Vladimir Putin: 'I know some people who are gay, we're on friendly terms' | work=द इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट | first=टम्स | last=जिवन्दा | date=१९ जनवरी २०१४ | accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ | location=लन्डन language=अङ्ग्रेजी | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140310162310/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vladimir-putin-i-know-some-people-who-are-gay-were-on-friendly-terms-9070363.html | archive-date=१० मार्च २०१४ | url-status=live }}</ref> उनले खेलको समयमा उभयलिङ्गी आइस स्केट खेलाडी आइरिन बुस्टलाई सबैका अगाडि अङ्कमाल गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1421/Nederland/video/detail/3593997/De-knuffel-van-Poetin-en-Wust-die-iedereen-wil-zien.dhtml |title=De knuffel van Poetin en Wüst die iedereen wil zien |language=nl |publisher=एडी डट एनएल |date=१० फेब्रुअरी २०१४ |accessdate=११ जुन २०१४ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223012947/http://www.ad.nl/ad/nl/1421/Nederland/video/detail/3593997/De-knuffel-van-Poetin-en-Wust-die-iedereen-wil-zien.dhtml |archive-date=२३ फेब्रुअरी २०१४ |url-status=live }}</ref> ===राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा चौँथो कार्यकाल (सन् २०१८–हाल)=== सन् २०१८ मा भएको राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा पुटिनले ७६% भन्दा अधिक मतबाट [[विजय]] हासिल गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-43455950|title=Muted Western reaction to Putin victory|date=19 March 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=19 March 2018}}</ref> अहिले उनको चौँथो कार्यकाल जारी छ।<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/world/vladimir-putin-registered-big-victory-in-russias-central-election-to-became-presidents-again-1825518 |title=चुनाव में रेकर्ड जीत के साथ ही चौथी बार रूस के राष्ट्रपति बने भ्लादिमिर पुटिन |access-date=19 मार्च 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319035215/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/world/vladimir-putin-registered-big-victory-in-russias-central-election-to-became-presidents-again-1825518 |archive-date=19 मार्च 2018 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319035215/https://khabar.ndtv.com/news/world/vladimir-putin-registered-big-victory-in-russias-central-election-to-became-presidents-again-1825518 |date=2018-03-19 }}</ref> उनको नयाँ कार्यकाल सन् २०१८ को मेमा प्रारम्भ भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aif.ru/politics/russia/kogda_budet_inauguraciya_prezidenta_rf|title=Когда будет инаугурация президента РФ?|website=aif.ru|accessdate=20 मार्च 2018|trans-title=रूसी राष्ट्रपतिको नयाँ कार्यकाल कहिले प्रारम्भ होला?|lang=रूसी|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320004027/http://www.aif.ru/politics/russia/kogda_budet_inauguraciya_prezidenta_rf|archive-date=20 मार्च 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> र २०२४ सम्म कायम रहनेछ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-43452449|title=Russia's Putin wins by big margin|date=18 March 2018|work=BBC News|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> त्यहि दिन, पुटिनले दिमित्री मेदभेदेबलाई नयाँ सरकार बनाउन आह्वान गरे ।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/20180507/1520044323.html|title=Путин предложил кандидатуру Медведева на пост премьера|date=7 May 2018|website=РИА Новости}}</ref> २०१८ मे १५ मा, पुटिन क्रिमियाको पुल खण्डको राजमार्ग उद्घाटनमा सहभागी भए। १८ मे २०१८ मा, पुटिनले नयाँ सरकार गठन को आदेशमा हस्ताक्षर गरे <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/57495|date=18 May 2018|work=Kremlin.ru|access-date=18 May 2018|language=ru|script-title=ru:Президент подписал указы о составе нового Правительства}}</ref>| २५ मे २०१८ मा, पुटिनले रुसी संबिधान विपरित २०२४ मा राष्ट्रपति पदको लागि नउठ्ने घोषणा गरे |<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-rule-constitution-idUSKCN1IQ2H9|title=Putin says will step down as president after term expires in 2024|date=25 May 2018|access-date=16 November 2020|publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> १४ जुन २०१८ मा, पुटिनले [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप|२१ औं फिफा विश्वकप, २०१८]] को उद्घाटन गरे| यो विश्वकप रसियामा आयोजना हुने पहिलो विश्व कप थियो| [[चित्र:Meeting_with_Government_members2.jpg|thumb|पुटिन र नव नियुक्त प्रधानमन्त्री [[मिखाइल मिसुस्तिन]], मन्त्रीपरिषद बैठकमा, २१ जनवरी २०२० ]] ==आन्तरिक नीति== ===अर्थ, औद्योगिक र उर्जा नीति=== सन् २००० मा पुटिनले "२०००-२०१० अवधिका लागि रूसी सङेघको सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकासका लागि कार्यक्रम" सुरू गरेेका थिए तर सन् २००८ मा यो कार्यक्रम बन्द गरिएको थियो। यस कार्यक्रमलाई अन्त्य गरिनेबेला यसको ३० प्रतिशत कार्यहरू मात्र सम्पन्न भएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/08/19/long-read-russias-economy-under-putin-in-numbers-a66924|title=Long Read: 20 Years of Russia's Economy Under Putin, in Numbers|last1=Aris|first1=Ben|last2=Tkachev|first2=Ivan|date=19 August 2019|website=The Moscow Times|language=en|access-date=15 October 2020}}</ref> ===वातावरणीय नीति=== सन् २००४ मा राष्ट्रपति पुटिनले हरितगृह ग्याँस उत्सर्जन कम गर्ने उद्देश्यले बनाइएको क्योटो प्रोटोकल सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।<ref>''The New York Times''. 6 November 2004. Retrieved 20 April 2008.</ref> यद्यपि रूसले क्योटो प्रोटोकलले सिमित गरेको उत्सर्जन सिमितता अनुसार कटौती गर्नु परेको भने थिएन। [[सोभियत सङ्घको विखण्डन]] पश्चात् आर्थिक गतिविधिमा कम भएको हुनाले रूसको हरितगृह ग्याँस उत्सर्जनमा समेत कमी आएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/13640/g8s_gradual_move_toward_postkyoto_climate_change_policy.html|title=G8's Gradual Move toward Post-Kyoto Climate Change Policy|author=Tony Johnson|publisher=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=2 March 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091229130613/http://www.cfr.org/publication/13640/g8s_gradual_move_toward_postkyoto_climate_change_policy.html |date=29 December 2009 }}</ref> पुटिनले व्यक्तिगत रुपमा नै रूसमा रहेका अमुर बाघ, सेतो ह्वेल, ध्रुविय भालु र हिउँ चितुवा लगायतका दुर्लभ तथा लोपोन्मुख जनावरका कयौँ संरक्षणीीय कार्यक्रमहरूको निरिक्षण गरेका छन्। <ref>[http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/tiger/ The Amur Tiger Programme] premier.gov.ru {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110922002142/http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/tiger/ |date=22 September 2011 }}</ref><ref>[http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/beluha/ The White Whale Programme] premier.gov.ru {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613063658/http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/beluha/ |date=13 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>[http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/bear/ The Polar Bear Programme] premier.gov.ru {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613064004/http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/bear/ |date=13 June 2012 }}</ref><ref>[http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/leopard/ The Snow Leopard Programme] premier.gov.ru {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120613063809/http://premier.gov.ru/patron/en/leopard/ |date=13 June 2012 }}</ref> ===धार्मिक नीति=== [[File:Vladimir Putin 21 February 2001-2.jpg|thumb|रूसका धार्मिक नेताहरूसँग पुटिन, सन् २००१ फेब्रुअरी]] पुटिनको शासनकालमा बौद्ध धर्म, पूर्वी अर्थोडक्स ईसाई धर्म, इस्लाम र यहूदी धर्मले राज्यको सीमित समर्थन प्राप्त गरेको थियो। सन् १९९० को दशकमा सुरु भएको गिर्जाघरहरूको विशाल निर्माण र पुनर्स्थापनाले पुटिन शासनकालमा निरन्तरमा प्राप्त गरेपछि राज्यले विद्यालयहरूमा धर्मको पढाइलाई अनुमति दिएको थियो। ===सैन्य विकास === रुसी रक्षा मन्त्री एनातोली सेर्दिउकोभले २००७ डिसेम्बर ५ मा पुटिनसँगको छलफलपछि लामो दुरीको रुसी स्ट्राटेजिक बम्बर फेरि सुरु गर्ने घोषणा गरे। यसमा एयरक्राफ्ट क्यारियर कुज्नेत्सोभ सहित ११ जहाजले सोभियत समय पछि पहिलो पटक भु-मध्य सागरमा पहिलो प्रमुख नौसेना छोटो यात्रा गर्यो। यो यात्रामा स्ट्राटेजिक बम्बर सहित ४७ एयरक्राफ्टको ब्याक-अप थियो।<ref>Guy Faulconbridge [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-navy-idUSL0518563620071205 Russian navy to start sorties in Mediterranean]. Reuters. 5 December 2007.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://president.kremlin.ru/appears/2007/12/05/1940_type63378_153373.shtml|date=5 December 2007|publisher=Kremlin.ru|language=ru|script-title=ru:Начало встречи с Министром обороны Анатолием Сердюковым|trans-title=Start of the meeting with Defence Minister Anatoliy Serdyukov|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608051601/http://president.kremlin.ru/appears/2007/12/05/1940_type63378_153373.shtml|archive-date=8 June 2008|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080608051601/http://president.kremlin.ru/appears/2007/12/05/1940_type63378_153373.shtml |date=8 June 2008 }}</ref> २००० को दशकको प्रारम्भ देखि नै रसियाले आफ्नी सैन्य तथा रक्षा उद्योगमा पैसा बगाउन सुरु गरेको थियो। २००८ मा मात्र पूर्ज्न स्तरको रुसी सैन्य सुधार सुरु भय्प। यसको उद्देश्य रुसी सैन्य बलको आधुनिकीकरण र यसलाई अझ बढी प्रभावशाली बनाउनु थियो। यी सुधार धेरै हदसम्म रक्षा मन्त्री एनातोली सेर्दिउकोभबाट मेदभेदेबको राष्ट्रपतिकालमा, पुटिन, [[सरकार प्रमुख]]को रुपमा र मेदभेदेब, रुसी सैन्य बलको कमान्डर इनचिफको रुपमा, को सुपरिवेक्षणमा भएको थियो। यी सुधारको प्रमुख तत्त्वमा सैन्य बलको संख्या १० लाखमा सिमित गर्नु, अधिकृतको संख्या कम गर्नु, रिजर्भ फौजको पुनर्संरचना, सेनालाई ब्रिगेड प्रणालीमा पुनर्संरचना गर्नु, हवाई सेनालाई रेजीमेन्टको साटो एयर बेस प्रणालीमा पुनर्संरचना गर्नु थियो।अ<ref name="military-reform">{{cite news|url=http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20081017/117787642.html|title=Military reform to change army structure. What about its substance?|date=17 October 2008|access-date=7 May 2012|agency=RIA Novosti}}</ref> अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति जर्ज डब्लु बुसले १९७२ को [[ब्यालेस्टिक क्षेप्यास्त्र|ब्यालेस्टिक मिसाइल]] सन्धिबाट पछि हटेपछि, पुटिनले अमेरिकी क्षमतालाई सन्तुलनमा राख्न रुसी परमाणु क्षमता निर्माणको आदेश दिएर प्रतिक्रिया जनाए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russias-nuclear-weapons-buildup-aimed-beating-us-missile-24716|title=Russia's Nuclear Weapons Buildup Is Aimed at Beating U.S. Missile Defenses|last=Majumdar|first=Dave|date=1 March 2018|work=The National Interest|access-date=26 October 2018|location=US}}</ref> धेरै विश्लेषकहरू पुटिनको रुसी परमाणु रणनीति [[मध्यम दूरीको आणविक शक्ति सन्धि|१९८७ को मध्यम दुरीको परमाणु सन्धि]]को उल्लंघन भएको मान्छन्। यसको कारण अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]ले अमेरिका आफूलाई यो सन्धिको बन्धनमा रहेको नमान्ने घोषणा गरे। र दुई शक्ति राष्ट्रबीच परमाणु संकट चुलियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/the-buzz/russias-nuclear-weapons-buildup-aimed-beating-us-missile-24716|title=Russia Violated an Arms Treaty. Trump Ditched It, Making the Nuclear Threat Even Worse.|last=Hurlbert|first=Heather|date=26 October 2018|work=New York|access-date=26 October 2018|location=US}}</ref> यसपछि पुटिनले रसियाले परमाणु संकटमा पहिलो लन्च नगर्ने बताए तर जुनसुकै दुश्मनलाई खरानी बनाउने र यस्तो संकटमा वीरगती हुने रुसीहरू "सहिदको रुपमा स्वर्ग जाने" कुरा बताए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://themoscowtimes.com/news/aggressors-will-be-annihilated-we-will-go-to-heaven-as-martyrs-putin-says-63235|title='Aggressors Will Be Annihilated, We Will Go to Heaven as Martyrs,' Putin Says|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|date=19 October 2018|work=The Moscow Times|access-date=26 October 2018|location=Russia}}</ref> धेरै सैन्य विश्लेषकहरू यो मान्छन् कि यदि परम्परागत युद्धमा पराजय बेहोरे रसियाले प्रतिद्वन्दीलाई वार्तामा ल्याउन पहिले परमाणु हमला गर्न सक्छ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thehill.com/opinion/international/375340-getting-russias-nuclear-strategy-mostly-right|title=Getting Russia's nuclear strategy mostly right|last=Blank|first=Stephen|date=25 February 2018|work=The Hill|access-date=26 October 2018|location=US}}</ref> पुटिनले आर्टिक क्षेत्रमा रसियाको क्षेत्रीय दाबी र सैन्य उपस्थितिलाई पनि बढाउन खोजेका छन्। २००७ अगस्तमा, रुसी अभियान आर्टिका २००७ ले [[उत्तरी ध्रुव]]मा [[रुसी झण्डा]] फहरायो। आर्क्टिकमा तैनाथ रुसी सबमरिन र फौज दुवैको संख्यामा वृद्धि गरिएको छ।<ref name="Military_buildup1">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/2111507/Russia-plans-Arctic-military-build-up.html|title=Russia plans Arctic military build-up|author=Adrian Blomfield|date=11 June 2008|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=27 July 2011|location=London}}</ref><ref name="Military_buildup2">{{cite web|url=http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2011/07/04/russia-arctic-states-solidifying-northern-military-presence/|title=Russia, Like Other Arctic States, Solidifies Northern Military Presence|date=4 July 2011|publisher=Foreign Policy Association|author=Mia Bennett|access-date=27 July 2011}}</ref> ===अन्तराष्ट्रिय खेलकुद=== * २०१४ शीतकालीन ओलम्पिक, सोची * [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप]] ===वन्यजन्तु संरक्षण === [[File:Vladimir Putin and Sergey Lavrov Kremlin 21 May 2015.jpg|thumb|सन् २००४ देखि पुटिनका विदेश मन्त्री रहेका [[सेर्गेई लाभ्रोभ|सेर्गेइ लाभ्रोभ]]]] ==विदेश नीति== {{Main|भ्लादिमिर पुटिनको विदेश नीति}} [[चित्र:Vladimir Putin in the United States 13-16 November 2001-22.jpg|thumb|नोबेम्बर २००१ मा पुटिनको अमेरिकी भ्रमण]] [[चित्र:Vladimir Putin and Sooronbay Jeenbekov (2019-03-28) 04.jpg|thumb|[[बिस्केक]]मा पुटिन]] {{see also|रूसको वैदेशिक सम्बन्ध|भ्लादिमिर पुटिनको अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय राष्ट्रपतीय भ्रमणहरूको सूची}} परराष्ट्र मामिलामा पुटिनले [[कृत्रिम बौद्धिकता]]को पक्षमा बोलेका छन्। "कृत्रिम बौद्धिकता भविष्य हो, रूसको लागि मात्र नभई सम्पूर्ण मानवजातिको लागि। यसबाट विशाल अवसर आउँछ तर अनुमान गर्न गाह्रो हुने चुनौतीहरू पनि सिर्जना हुन्छ। जो यस क्षेत्रको नायक हुन्छ उसैले सारा संसारको शासक बन्छ।”<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kotkin |first1=Stephen |title=Technology and Governance in Russia: Possibilities |url=https://www.hoover.org/research/technology-and-governance-russia-possibilities |website=Hoover Institution |publisher=Hoover Institution |accessdate=7 May 2020}}</ref> ===दक्षिण तथा पूर्वी एसिया=== सन् २०१२ मा द हिन्दुमा पुटिनले एक लेख लेखे जुनमा उनले उल्लेख गरेका थिए, "रूस र भारत बिच सन् २००० ओक्टोबरमा हस्ताक्षर भएको रणनीतिक साझेदारी सच्चा रूपमा एक ऐतिहासिक पाइला बनेको छ।"<ref>{{cite news|author=Vladimir Putin |url=http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/for-russia-deepening-friendship-with-india-is-a-top-foreign-policy-priority/article4232857.ece |title=For Russia, deepening friendship with India is a top foreign policy priority by President Vladimir Putin |work=The Hindu |date=24 December 2012 |accessdate=22 June 2013 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref name="bbc.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20834910 |title=India, Russia sign new defence deals |publisher=BBC |date=24 December 2012 |accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref> पुटिनको सन् २०१२ को भारत भ्रमणको क्रममा [[मनमोहन सिंह|प्रधानमन्त्री मनमोहन सिंह]]ले "राष्ट्रपति पुटिन भारतको मूल्यवान मित्र र भारत-रूस रणनीतिक साझेदारीको वास्तविक वास्तुकार हुन्" भनेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|author=Rajeev Sharma, specially for RIR |url=http://indrus.in/articles/2012/12/24/13th_indo-russian_summit_reaffirms_time-tested_tie_21243.html |title=13th Indo-Russian Summit reaffirms time-tested ties: Russia & India Report|publisher=Indrus.in|date=24 December 2012|accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref> रूसले अन्य [[ब्रिक]] राष्ट्रसँग सकारात्मक सम्बन्ध राख्दछ। रूसले जनवादी गणतन्त्र चीनसँग सन् २००१ को चीन-रूस मैत्री सन्धि र चीनको उर्जा आवश्यकता पूर्ति गर्न ट्रान्स साइबेरिया तेल पाइपलाइनको निर्माणमा हस्ताक्षर गरी सम्बन्ध अझै सुदृढ बनाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704082104575515543164948682.html|title=Russian Oil Route Will Open to China|first=Jeremy|last=Page|newspaper=The Wall Street Journal|date=26 September 2010|accessdate=28 September 2010}}</ref> यी दुई राष्ट्रको र मध्य एसियायी छिमेकीको आपसी सुरक्षा सहयोगलाई सन् २००१ मा चीन कजाख्स्तान, किर्गिस्तान, रूस, ताजकिस्तान र उज्बेकिस्तानका नेताबाट [[साङ्घाई सहयोग सङ्गठन]] स्थापना भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/shanghai-cooperation-organization|title=The Shanghai Cooperation Organization|website=Council on Foreign Relations|access-date=14 March 2019}}</ref> ===पूर्वी सोभियत राज्य=== पुटिनको मतहतमा क्रेमलिनले निरन्तर पूर्व सोभियत राज्यमा रूसको प्रभाव क्षेत्र र "विशेष स्वार्थ" रहेको बताएको थियो। यी राज्यहरूलाई रूसमा "नजिकको विदेश" भनिन्छ। पूर्व सोभियत राज्यहरू रूसका <ref>{{cite web|last=Kramer|first=Andrew E.|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/01/world/europe/01russia.html|title=Russia Claims Its Sphere of Influence in the World|date=31 August 2008|access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> केही रूसी विश्लेषकहरूले यसलाई [[मोनेरो सिद्धान्त]]सँग तुलना गरेका छन्। <ref>{{cite web|last=Safire|first=William|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/22/magazine/on-language-the-near-abroad.html|title=ON LANGUAGE; The Near Abroad|date=22 May 1994|access-date=3 August 2021}}</ref> सन् २००३ मा जर्जियामा भएको गुलाब क्रान्ति, सन् २००४ मा युक्रेनमा भएको सुन्तला क्रान्ति र सन् २००५ मा किर्गिस्तानमा भएको ट्युलिप क्रान्ति जस्ता क्रान्तिको शृङ्खलाले यी देश र रूसबीचको सम्बन्धमा खटपट आएको थियो। २००८ अगस्ट मा, जर्जियाका राष्ट्रपति मिखाइल साकास्विलीले अलग हुन खोजेको दक्षिण ओसेसियामा नियन्त्रण कायम गर्ने प्रयास गरे। यद्यपि, २००८ को दक्षिण ओसेसिया युद्धमा रुसी सेना दक्षिण ओसेसिया र अन्य जर्जियाली क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश गरेर जर्जियाबाट अलग हुन खोजेको अर्को प्रान्त अब्खाजियामा नयाँ मोर्चा खोलेपछि जर्जियाली सेना छिट्टै पराजित भयो। <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.heritage.org/research/RussiaandEurasia/wm2017.cfm |title=Russia and Eurasia |publisher=Heritage.org |access-date=10 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425165904/http://www.heritage.org/Research/RussiaandEurasia/wm2017.cfm |archive-date=25 April 2009 |url-status=dead }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425165904/http://www.heritage.org/Research/RussiaandEurasia/wm2017.cfm |date=25 April 2009 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7551576.stm|title=Day-by-day: Georgia-Russia crisis|work=BBC News|date=21 August 2008|access-date=10 May 2009}}</ref> रुस र अन्य सोभियत राज्यहरू वीचको विगतका र विद्यमान विवादको वावजुद, पुटिनले युरेसियन एकताको नीति अवलम्बन गरे। पुटिनले २०११ मा [[युरेसियन आर्थिक संघ]]को अवधारणालाई समर्थन गरे;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130604193552/http://www.america-russia.net/eng/geopolitics/288470359 New Integration Project for Eurasia – A Future That Is Being Born Today], [[Izvestiya]] (3 October 2011).</ref><ref name="yahoo-reuters">{{cite news|title=Russia's Putin says wants to build "Eurasian Union" |first=Gleb |last=Bryanski |url=https://news.yahoo.com/russias-putin-says-wants-build-eurasian-union-222139037.html |work=[[Yahoo! News]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |date=3 October 2011 |access-date=4 October 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174652/http://news.yahoo.com/russias-putin-says-wants-build-eurasian-union-222139037.html |archive-date=6 October 2011 }}</ref> यो अवधारणा १९९४ मा काजख्स्तानका राष्ट्रपतिले प्रस्ताव गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|title=Kazakhstan welcomes Putin's Eurasian Union concept|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/kazakhstan/8808500/Kazakhstan-welcomes-Putins-Eurasian-Union-concept.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/kazakhstan/8808500/Kazakhstan-welcomes-Putins-Eurasian-Union-concept.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=6 October 2011|access-date=8 October 2011|location=London|first=James|last=Kilner}}{{cbignore}}</ref> २०११ नोभेम्बर १८ मा, बेलारुस, काजख्स्तान र रसियाले २०१५ भित्रमा युरेसियन युनियनको स्थापना गर्ने लक्ष्य कायम गर्ने बारे सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे। <ref name="bbc18Nov2011">{{cite news|title=Russia sees union with Belarus and Kazakhstan by 2015|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-15790452|work=BBC News|date=18 November 2011|access-date=19 November 2011}}</ref> २०१५ जनवरी १ मा युरेसियन युनियनको स्थापना भयो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.eaeunion.org/en-us/Pages/DisplayDocument.aspx?s=bef9c798-3978-42f3-9ef2-d0fb3d53b75f&w=632c7868-4ee2-4b21-bc64-1995328e6ef3&l=540294ae-c3c9-4511-9bf8-aaf5d6e0d169&EntityID=3610 |title=Ru-ru |publisher=Eurasian Economic Union |access-date=9 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160417110445/https://docs.eaeunion.org/en-us/Pages/DisplayDocument.aspx?s=bef9c798-3978-42f3-9ef2-d0fb3d53b75f&w=632c7868-4ee2-4b21-bc64-1995328e6ef3&l=540294ae-c3c9-4511-9bf8-aaf5d6e0d169&EntityID=3610 |archive-date=17 April 2016 }}</ref> ===अमेरिका, युरोप र नेटो=== <gallery> President Bush and President Putin Discuss Iraq.jpg|thumb|पुटिन र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[जर्ज डब्लु बुस]] जी-८ शिखर सम्मेलनमा, सन् २००४ जुन ८ Barack Obama and Vladimir Putin shake hands at G8 summit, 2013.jpg|thumb|पुटिन र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[बाराक ओबामा]] जी-८ शिखर सम्मेलन आयरल्याण्डमा, सन् २०१३ जुन १७ Vladimir Putin & Donald Trump in Helsinki, 16 July 2018 (2).jpg|thumb|पुटिन र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]] रूस संयुक्त राज्य शिखर सम्मेलनमा, हेलसिन्की फिनल्यान्ड, सन् २०१८ जुलाई १६ Joe Biden and Vladimir Putin in Geneva, 16 June 2021 (05).jpg|thumb|पुटिन र अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[जो बाइडेन]] सन् २०२१ को रूस-संयुक्त राज्य शिखर सम्मेलनमा, जेनेभा, स्विट्जरल्यान्ड, २०२१ जुन १६ </gallery> पुटिनको मातहतमा रूस [[नाटो|नेटो]] र अमेरिकासँगको विभिन्न चरण हुँदै गुज्रिएको थियो। पुटिन पहिलो पटक राष्ट्रपति बन्दा, सम्बन्ध सावधानीपूर्ण थियो। [[सेप्टेम्बर ११ को हमला]] पछि पुटिनले तुरुन्तै अमेरिकाको आतङ्कवाद विरुद्धको युद्धलाई समर्थन गर्दा साझेदारीको अवसर देखा परेेेेको थियो। <ref name="Bi-Partisan2">[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/stephen-f-cohen/us-russia-policy_b_1307727.html America's Failed (Bi-Partisan) Russia Policy] by [[Stephen F. Cohen]], ''HuffPost''</ref> यद्यपि अमेरिकाले रूसी सिमाना सम्मै नेटोको विस्तार र एकपक्षीय रूपमा सन् १९७२ को एन्टी ब्यालेस्टिक मिसाइल सन्धिबाट हात झिकेर प्रतिक्रिया दिएको थियो।<ref name="Bi-Partisan2"/> [[चित्र:Vladimir_Putin_2_April_2002-2.jpg|thumb|इटालीका प्रधानमन्त्री [[सिल्भिओ बेर्लुस्कोनी]]को साथमा पुटिन। दुई नेताहरूले निकट मित्रता कायम गरेका थिए।]] सन् २००३ बाट जब रूसले इराक युद्धको समर्थन नगरी पुटिनले आफ्नो आन्तरिक तथा विदेश नीतिमा पश्चिमासँग फरक र टाढा हुँदै गए त्यसपछि सम्बन्ध बिग्रन जारी रहेेेेको थियो। त्यसपछि अमेरिकी मुलधारका सञ्चार माध्यमहरूको नजर [[ह्वाइट हाउस]]सँगै पुटिन विरोधी बनेेको थियो।<ref name="Bi-Partisan2"/> २०२० जुन १८ मा, ''[[:en:The_National_Interest|द नेसनल इन्ट्रेस्ट]] ले'' ९ हजार शब्द भएको 'द रियल लेसन अफ द सेभेन्टि फिफ्थ एन्निभर्सरी अफ वर्ल्ड वार टु" (अनुवाद: दोश्रो विश्व युद्धको ७५औं वार्षिकीको वास्तविक पाठ) शिर्षकको पुटिनको एक लेख प्रकाशित गर्यो ।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nationalinterest.org/feature/vladimir-putin-real-lessons-75th-anniversary-world-war-ii-162982|title=The Real Lessons of the 75th Anniversary of World War II|last=Putin|first=Vladimir|date=18 June 2020|work=The National Interest}}</ref> त्यस लेखमा, पुटिनले [[मोलोटोभ-रिबेनट्रोप सन्धि]]लाई दोस्रो विश्व युद्धको सुरुवातको रुपमा व्याख्या गर्ने पश्चिमा ऐतिहासिक दृष्टिकोणको आलोचना गरे। उनले [[मोलोटोभ-रिबेनट्रोप सन्धि]] सन्धि नभई [[:en:Munich_Agreement|म्युनिख सम्झौता]]लाई युद्धको सुरुवातको रुपमा उल्लेख गरेका छन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2020/06/26/poetin-is-politicus-en-dus-historicus-a4004120|title=Poetin is politicus, en dus historicus|last=Middelaar|first=Luuk van|date=26 June 2020|work=NRC Handelsblad}}</ref> [[चित्र:With_Greek_Prime_Minister_Alexis_Tsipras.jpg|thumb|युनानी प्रधानमन्त्री [[एलेक्सिस सिप्रास]] र राष्ट्रपति भ्लादिमीर पुटिन, १५ मे २०१७]] ===बेलायत=== [[चित्र:Vladimir Putin and Prince Philip.jpg|thumb|left|पुटिन र उनकी पत्नी [[ल्युदमिला पुटिना]] महारानी एलिजाबेथ द्वितीय, उनका पति [[राजकुमार फिलिप]] र प्रधानमन्त्री टोनी ब्लेयरसँँग भेट्दै, सन् २००५]] सन् २००३ मा संयुक्त अधिराज्यले पुटिनका पूर्व सहयोगी रूसी ओर्लीगार्क बोरिस बेरेजोब्स्कीलाई राजनैतिक शरण दिएपछि रूस- संयुक्त अधिराज्य सम्बन्ध बिग्रन सुरु भएको थियो। <ref name=expul/> बेलायतीहरूले जासुसी गरिरहेको तथा प्रजातन्त्र समर्थक र मानवअधिकार समूहलाई गोप्य रूपमा भुक्तानी गरेको आरोप लगाएपछि सम्बन्धमा झनै तिक्तता आएको थियो।<ref name="spy-rock">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16614209|title=UK spied on Russians with fake rock|work=BBC News|access-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> ==== एलेक्जेन्डर लित्भिनेन्को माथि विष हमला ==== सन् २००६ को अन्त्यसम्ममा सम्बन्ध झनै खराब भएको थियो। पूर्व केजिबी तथा फेडरल सुरक्षा सेवाका अधिकारी एलेक्जेन्डर लित्भिनेन्को जो सन् २००३ मा गुप्तचर संस्थाको सदस्य बनेका थिए। सन् २००७ मा सम्बन्धको यो सङ्कट निरन्तर जारी रहेको थियो। पूर्व केजिबी अङ्गरक्षक अन्द्री लुगोभोइलाई लिभिनेन्कोको हत्यामा मुद्दा चलाउन रूसले सुपुर्दुगी गर्न अस्वीकार गरेपछि बेलायतले ४ रूसी दूतलाई निष्कासन गरेको थियो। <ref name="expul">{{cite news|title=Brown Defends Russian Expulsions, Decries Killings|author1=Gonzalo Vina|author2=Sebastian Alison|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601102&sid=ajvS9NfMW2EE&refer=uk|publisher=Bloomberg News|date=20 July 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930035325/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601102&sid=ajvS9NfMW2EE&refer=uk|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> बेलायतको कदमको प्रतिक्रिया स्वरूप रूसले बेलायती कुटनीतिज्ञलाई निष्कासन गर्दै प्रतिकारात्मक जवाफी कदम चालेेेेको थियो। <ref name=expul/> सन् २०१५-१६ मा बेलायत सरकारले एलेक्जेन्डर लित्भिनेन्कोको मृत्युको छनबिन गरेेेेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=Full Report of the Litvinenko Inquiry|date=21 January 2016|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/21/world/europe/100000004158141.mobile.html}}</ref> यसको प्रतिवेदनमा भनिएको थियो, "लित्भिनेन्कोलाई हत्या गर्ने एफएसबी अपरेसनलाई सायद पत्रुसेभ र राष्ट्रपति पुटिनले स्वीकृत दिएका थिए।" यो प्रतिवेदनले हत्याको लागि लित्भिनेन्कोको सार्वजनिक बयान र रूसी अपार्टमेन्ट बम हमलामा एफएसबिको सम्लग्नताबारे पुस्तक र "पुटिन र लित्भिनेन्को बीच व्यक्तिगत शत्रुता" सहित केही सम्भावित उद्देश्यहरू पनि उल्लेख गरेको थियो। ====सेर्गेइ स्क्रिपालमाथिको विष हमला ==== सन् २०१८ मार्च ४ मा सेल्सबेरीमा पूर्व डबल एजेन्ट सेर्गेइ स्क्रिपाल माथि नोभिचोक नर्भ एजेन्टको विष हमला भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/07/russian-spy-police-appeal-for-witnesses-as-cobra-meeting-takes-place|title=Sergei Skripal: former Russian spy poisoned with nerve agent, say police|last1=Dodd|first1=Vikram|last2=Harding|first2=Luke|date=8 March 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=17 March 2018|last3=MacAskill|first3=Ewen}}</ref> त्यसको दश दिन पश्चात् बेलायत सरकारले औपचारिक रूपमा रूसमाथी हत्या प्रयासको आरोप लगाएको थियो जुन रूसले खारेज गरिदिएको थियो। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/14/uk-spy-poisoning-russia-tells-un-it-did-not-make-nerve-agent-used-in-attack|title=Spy poisoning: allies back UK and blast Russia at UN security council|last=Borger|first=Julian|date=15 March 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> संयुक्त राज्यले २३ रूसी कुटनीतिज्ञलाई निष्कासन गरेेेेेपछि त्यसको प्रतिक्रियामा रूसले पनि २३ बेलायती कुटनीतिज्ञलाई निष्कासन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/17/sergei-skripal-russia-expels-23-british-diplomats|title=Sergei Skripal: Russia expels 23 UK diplomats as row deepens|last1=Grierson|first1=Jamie|last2=Wintour|first2=Patrick|date=17 March 2018|website=The Guardian|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref>मार्च १५ मा [[संयुक्त अधिराज्यको प्रधानमन्त्री|बेलायती प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[टरिजा मे]]ले भनिन् "यस्तो निन्दनीय कार्यका लागि हामी रूसलाई दोषी ठहर्‍याउँदछौँ।" मार्च १६ मा बेलायती विदेश मन्त्री [[बोरिस जोनसन]]ले पुटिनले व्यक्तिगत रूपमा नै विषहमलाको आदेश दिएको बताएका थिए। पुटिनका प्रवक्ता दिमित्री पेस्कोभले आरोपलाई "कठोर र कुटनैतिक मर्यादा बाहिरको"को बताएका थिए। <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/west-unites-to-confront-russia-over-poisonings-n88qmsttf|title=Johnson points finger at Putin for Salisbury spy attack|last=Fiona Hamilton|first=Tom Parfitt, Moscow {{!}} Sam Coates, Rhys Blakely, Lucy Fisher|access-date=17 March 2018}}</ref> ===अस्ट्रेलिया === सन् २००७ सेप्टेम्बरमा पुटिनले इन्डोनेसियाको भ्रमण गरेका थिए। ५० वर्ष भन्दा धेरै समय पछि रूसी नेताको यो पहिली इन्डोनेसिया भ्रमण थियो।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://brtsis.com/rrubb.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012181540/http://brtsis.com/rrubb.htm|archive-date=12 October 2007|title=Russia Courts Indonesia|publisher=Brtsis.com|date=12 October 2007|access-date=24 September 2011}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012181540/http://brtsis.com/rrubb.htm |date=12 October 2007 }}</ref> यसै महिना पुुुतिनले सिड्नीमा भएको अपेक सम्मेलनमा उपस्थिति जनाएका थिए। उनले अस्ट्रेलियाली प्रधानमन्त्री जोन होवार्डसँग भेट्दै अस्ट्रेलियाबाट रूसले युरेनियम खरिद गर्न अस्ट्रेलियासँग युरेनियम व्यापार सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। रूसी राष्ट्रपतिको यो पहिलो अस्ट्रेलिया भ्रमण थियो। <ref>{{cite news|author1=Phillip Coorey|title=Putin and Howard Sign Uranium Deal|url=https://www.smh.com.au/news/national/putin-and-howard-sign-uranium-deal/2007/09/07/1188783452227.html|access-date=14 October 2014|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=7 September 2007}}</ref> ===ल्याटिन अमेरिका=== [[चित्र:2019_Reunião_Informal_do_BRICS_-_48142656362.jpg|thumb|पुटिन र ब्राजिलका राष्ट्रपति [[जइर बोल्सोनारू]], २०१९ जि २० शिखर मम्मेलन ओसाका जापानमा]] पुटिन र उनका उत्तराधिकारी मेदेभेदेभको समयमा [[भेनेजुएला]]का [[ह्युगो चाभेज]]सँग राम्रो सम्बन्ध थियो। यो सम्बन्ध सैन्य उपकरणले बलियो बनेको थियो। सन् २००५ यता भेनेजुएलाले रूससँग ४ अर्ब डलर बराबरको सैन्य उपकरण खरिद गरिसकेको थियो। <ref>[http://www.france24.com/en/20080925-russia-nuclear-putin-chavez-nuclear-energy Russia Forges Nuclear Links With Venezuela] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110051027/http://www.france24.com/en/20080925-russia-nuclear-putin-chavez-nuclear-energy|date=10 November 2013}} France 24</ref> सन् २००८ को सेप्टेम्बर मा रूसले प्रशिक्षण उडानको लागि तुपोलेभ तु-१६० बम्बर भेनेजुएला पठाएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7609577.stm|title=World – Americas – Russian bombers land in Venezuela|access-date=25 November 2015|publisher=BBC}}</ref> सन् २००८ को नोभेम्बरमा [[क्यारिबियाली|क्यारिबियन]]मा दुवै देशले संयुक्त नौसेना अभ्यास गरेका थिए। सन् २००० को प्रारम्भमा पुटिनले [[फिडेल क्यास्ट्रो]] र क्युबासँग पनि बलियो सम्बन्ध पुनर्स्थापना गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/16/world/putin-in-cuba-signals-priority-of-ties-to-us.html|title=Putin, in Cuba, Signals Priority of Ties to U.S.|last=Tyler|first=Patrick|date=16 December 2000|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2016}}</ref> ===मध्यपूर्व र उत्तर अफ्रिका=== [[चित्र:Trilateral_Iran-Russia-Turkey_Summit_September_2018_in_Tehran_4.jpg|left|thumb|पुटिनका साथमा इरानी राष्ट्रपति [[हसन रुहानी]] र टर्कीका राष्ट्रपति [[रजेप तैयप एर्दोगान]], सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ ]] १६ अक्टोबर २००७ मा पुटिन तेहरानमा दोस्रो क्यास्पियन शिखर सम्मेलनमा सहभागी हुन इरानको भ्रमण गरेका थिए।<ref name="rbc-iran-tehran">[http://top.rbc.ru/politics/16/10/2007/122607.shtml Putin: Iran Has Right to Develop Peaceful Nuclear Programme] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080406094726/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/16/10/2007/122607.shtml|date=6 April 2008}}, 16 October 2007, Rbc.ru</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/news/video/videoStory?videoId=68897|title=Putin's warning to the U.S.|date=16 October 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017065727/http://www.reuters.com/news/video/videoStory?videoId=68897|archive-date=17 October 2007|agency=Reuters|url-status=dead}}</ref> जहाँ उनले इरानी राष्ट्रपति [[मोहम्मद अहमदिनेजाद|मोहमद अहमदिनेजाद]]सँग भेटवार्ता गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://president.kremlin.ru/text/news/2007/10/148432.shtml|date=16 October 2007|publisher=Kremlin.ru|language=ru|title=Владимир Путин положительно оценил итоги Второго Каспийского саммита на встрече с Президентом Ирана Махмудом Ахмадинежадом|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052206/http://president.kremlin.ru/text/news/2007/10/148432.shtml|archivedate=4 May 2008|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052206/http://president.kremlin.ru/text/news/2007/10/148432.shtml |date=4 May 2008 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://president.kremlin.ru/events/chron/2007/10/148247.shtml|date=16 October 2007|publisher=Kremlin.ru|language=ru|script-title=ru:Визит в Исламскую Республику Иран. Второй Каспийский саммит|trans-title=Visit to Iran. Second Caspian Summit|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052159/http://president.kremlin.ru/events/chron/2007/10/148247.shtml|archivedate=4 May 2008|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052159/http://president.kremlin.ru/events/chron/2007/10/148247.shtml |date=4 May 2008 }}</ref> यो [[जोसेफ स्टालिन]]ले सन् १९४३ मा तेहरान सम्मेलनमा सहभागी भए पश्चातको सोभियत वा रूसी नेताको पहिलो इरान भ्रमण थियो।<ref>Leonid Brezhnev travelled to shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi's Iran in 1963, but at that time he was not yet the [[General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]], {{cite news|url=http://www.lebanonwire.com/0710MLN/07101516AF.asp|title=Putin confirms Iran visit, brushes off 'plot' reports|date=15 October 2007|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016052242/http://www.lebanonwire.com/0710MLN/07101516AF.asp|archivedate=16 October 2015|agency=Lebanon Wire|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016052242/http://www.lebanonwire.com/0710MLN/07101516AF.asp |date=16 October 2015 }}</ref> भने यसले इरान-रूस सम्बन्धमा महत्वपूर्ण छाप छोडेको थियो।<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2666142.ece Vladimir Putin defies assassination threats to make historic visit to Tehran] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080726124113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2666142.ece |date=2008-07-26 }}, 16 October 2007, ''The Times''.</ref> शिखर सम्मेलन पश्चातको पत्रकार सम्मेलनमा पुटिनले हामी क्यास्पियन राष्ट्रहरूसँग विना कुनै अवरोध शान्तिपूर्ण परमाणु कार्यक्रम विकास गर्ने अधिकार रहेको बताएका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://president.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/10/16/2020_type82914type82915_148460.shtml|title=Answer to a Question at the Joint Press Conference Following the Second Caspian Summit|date=16 October 2007|publisher=Kremlin.ru|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052153/http://president.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/10/16/2020_type82914type82915_148460.shtml|archivedate=4 May 2008|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052153/http://president.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/10/16/2020_type82914type82915_148460.shtml |date=4 May 2008 }}</ref> त्यसपछि मेदभेदेभको राष्ट्रपतिकालमा इरान-रूस सम्बन्ध अनियमित भएको थियो। रूसले इरानलाई हालसम्मकै सबैभन्दा प्रभावकारी एन्टी मिसाइल प्रणाली एस-३०० बिक्री गर्ने सम्झौता पुरा गरेको थिएन। यद्यपि रूसी विशेषज्ञहरूले इरान र मध्य पूर्वको पहिलो नागरिक बुसेहर परमाणु विद्युत् गृहको निर्माण सम्पन्न गरेको थियो भने रूसले लगातार इरानमाथि अमेरिका र युरोपेली सङ्घले लगाउने प्रतिबन्धको र इरान माथि गरिने सैन्य आक्रमणको चेतावनीको लगातार विरोध गरिरहेको थियो। पुटिनले इरानलाई "साझेदार"को रूपमा व्याख्या गरेतापनि<ref name="Sturmer" /> उनले इरानी परमाणु कार्यक्रममा चासो व्यक्त गरेका भने थिएनन्।<ref name="Sturmer" /> अप्रिल २००८ मा पुटिन [[लिबिया]] भ्रमण गर्ने प्रथम रूसी राष्ट्रपति बनेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/putin-s-visit-historic-and-strategic-1.98399|title=Putin's visit 'historic and strategic'|date=18 April 2008|website=Gulf News|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514014600/http://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/putin-s-visit-historic-and-strategic-1.98399|archive-date=14 May 2013|accessdate=22 June 2013|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514014600/http://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/putin-s-visit-historic-and-strategic-1.98399 |date=14 May 2013 }}</ref> पुटिनले लिबिया माथि भएको विदेशी सैन्य हस्तक्षेपको निन्दा गर्दै संयुक्त राष्ट्रसङ्घको सङ्कल्प प्रस्ताव १९७३ "दोषपूर्ण र त्रुटिपूर्ण" रहेको बताएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/21/putin-libya-intervention-_n_838293.html|title=Putin: Military Intervention In Libya Resembles 'Crusades'|last=Parks|first=Cara|date=21 March 2011|work=HuffPost}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://rt.com/politics/putin-rasmussen-visit-denmark/|title=Putin states the West has no legal right to execute Gaddafi|date=26 April 2011|publisher=RT|location=Russia|accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref> [[कर्णेल मुअम्मर गद्दाफी]]को मृत्यु प्रति पुटिनले यसलाई अमेरिकाले गरेको "सुनियोजित हत्या" बताएका थिए। उनले भनेका थिए "तिनीहरूले (गद्दाफी) कसरी मारिए भनेर सम्पूर्ण विश्वलाई देखाए"र "त्यहाँ रगत जताततै थियो। के उनीहरूले भन्ने गरेको लोकतन्त्र यहि हो ?"<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/vladimir-putin-blames-us-drones-for-gaddafi-death-slams-john-mccain/|title=Vladimir Putin Blames US Drones For Gaddafi Death, Slams John McCain|last=Crugnale|first=James|date=15 December 2011|publisher=Mediaite.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104145441/http://www.mediaite.com/online/vladimir-putin-blames-us-drones-for-gaddafi-death-slams-john-mccain/|archivedate=4 January 2012|accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/world/story.html?id=883c4e8f-cd01-4705-b446-fe9c72d3a291|title=Putin claims U.S. planned murder of Gadhafi|last=Citizen|first=Ottawa|date=16 December 2011|publisher=Canada.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020152422/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/world/story.html?id=883c4e8f-cd01-4705-b446-fe9c72d3a291|archivedate=20 October 2013|accessdate=22 June 2013|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020152422/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/world/story.html?id=883c4e8f-cd01-4705-b446-fe9c72d3a291 |date=20 October 2013 }}</ref> [[चित्र:Remembering_the_Holocaust._Fighting_Antisemitism_forum_(2020-01-23)_02.jpg|thumb|पुटिन [[बेन्जामिन नेतन्याहु]] र इजरेली राष्ट्रपतिका साथमा, सन् २०२०]] [[सिरिया]]को सम्बन्धमा सन् २००० देखि सन् २०१० सम्म रूसले १.५ अर्ब डलर मूल्य बराबरको हतियार बिक्री भएपछि [[दमास्कस]] मस्कोको सातौँ ठूलो क्रेता बनेेेेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/10/opinion/why-russia-supports-assad.html?_r=2&partner=rss&emc=rss|title=Why Russia Supports Assad|last=Trenin|first=Dmitri|date=9 February 2012|work=The New York Times}}</ref> [[सिरियाली गृहयुद्ध]]को समयमा रूसले सिरियाली सरकार विरुद्धका जुनसुकै प्रतिबन्धलाई [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद् भिटो अधिकार|भिटो]] गर्ने चेतावनी दिएको थियो<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2012/0119/Why-Russia-is-willing-to-sell-arms-to-Syria|title=Why Russia is willing to sell arms to Syria|date=19 January 2012|website=The Christian Science Monitor|accessdate=22 June 2013|author=Fred Weir}}</ref> भने रूसले सिरियाली सत्तालाई हतियार बिक्री गर्नलाई निरन्तरता दिइरहेको थियो। पुटिनले सबै वैदेशिक हस्तक्षेपको विरोध गरेका थिए जसमा उनले २०१२ मा फ्रान्सेली राष्ट्रपति [[फ्रँस्वा ओलँद]]ले दिएको [[बसर अल असद]] राजीनामा दिनु पर्छ भन्ने अभिव्यक्तिलाई विरोध गर्दै त्यसलाई अस्विकार गरेका थिए। "शासनविरोधी अतिवादीहरू धेरै रक्तपातका लागि जिम्मेवार थिए" भनेर पुटिनले असदको तर्क प्रतिध्वनि गरेका थिए।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-06-01/hollande-clashes-with-putin-over-ouster-of-syria-s-assad|title=Hollande Clashes With Putin Over Ouster of Syria's Assad|last=Viscusi|first=Gregory|date=1 June 2012|website=Bloomberg BusinessWeek|accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref> २०१९ अक्टोबरमा, रुसी राष्ट्रपति पुटिनले संयुक्त अरब एमिरेट्सको भ्रमण गरे। उक्त भ्रमणमा युवराज मोहम्मद बिन जायदसँग अबु धाबीमा छ बुँदे सम्झौता भयो। ती मध्ये एकमा रुसी सार्वभौम सम्पत्ति कोष र एमेराती लगानी कोषको संयुक्त लगानी थियो। दुई देशले उर्जा, स्वास्थ्य र उन्नत प्रविधि क्षेत्रमा १.३ अर्ब डलरको लगानी सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे। <ref>{{cite web|url=http://youngherald.com/2019/10/vladimir-putin-signs-deals-worth-1-3bn-during-uae-visit/|title=Vladimir Putin signs deals worth $1.3bn during UAE visit|access-date=17 October 2019|website=Young Herald}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226021123/http://youngherald.com/2019/10/vladimir-putin-signs-deals-worth-1-3bn-during-uae-visit/ |date=26 February 2021 }}</ref> ===ब्रिक्स शिखर सम्मेलन=== [[चित्र:Foto_de_família_dos_Chefes_de_Estado_e_Governo_do_BRICS_2018-2.jpg|thumb|[[ब्रिक्स|ब्रिक्स नेताहरू]]को सामूहिक तस्विर ; सन् २०१८]] राष्ट्रपति पुटिन सन् २०१३ देखि [[ब्रिक्स]] (ब्राजिल, रूस, भारत, चीन र दक्षिण अफ्रिका ) शिखर सम्मेलन मा सहभागी भएका छन्। == व्यक्तिगत छबी == ===लोकप्रियता === ===मूल्यांकन === आलोचकहरू पुटिनले रसियालाई [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]]को प्रतिनिधित्व सरकारको मार्गबाट मोडेर अधिनायकवादी दिशामा डोर्याइरहेको बताउँछन्। <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/06/vladimir-putin-15-ways-he-changed-russia-world |title=15 Years of Vladimir Putin: 15 Ways He Has Changed Russia and the World |website=The Guardian |date=6 May 2015}}</ref> पुटिनका राजनैतिक विपक्षी ग्यारी कास्पारोभले पुटिनलाई "[[अधिनायक]]", पूर्व अमेरिकी विदेशमन्त्री [[हिलरी रडम क्लिन्टन|हिलारी क्लिन्टन]]ले "बुली" र "अहंकारी", र [[दलाई लामा]]ले "आत्मकेन्द्रित" र "एकलौटी" बताएका छन्।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/putin-russia-obama-kasparov/412804/|title=Garry Kasparov: How the United States and Its Western Allies Propped Up Putin|author=Garry Kasparov|website=The Atlantic|date=28 October 2015|access-date=9 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politico.com/blogs/live-from-charleston-sc/2016/01/hillary-clinton-vladimir-putin-its-interesting-217926|title=Hillary Clinton Describes Relationship With Putin: 'It's... interesting'|date=17 January 2016|website=Politico|access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Hillary Clinton: Putin is Arrogant and Tough |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wJXJWL8XgY | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160625091510/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wJXJWL8XgY&gl=US&hl=en| archive-date=2016-06-25 | url-status=dead|via=YouTube |publisher=GPS with Fareed Zakaria |date=27 July 2014 |access-date=15 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=President Vladimir Putin on Sec. Hillary Clinton |url=http://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2016/06/17/exp-gps-putin-on-hillary.cnn |publisher=CNN |access-date=15 July 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/11080133/Dalai-Lama-attacks-self-centred-Vladimir-Putin.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/11080133/Dalai-Lama-attacks-self-centred-Vladimir-Putin.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title=Dalai Lama attacks 'self-centered' Vladimir Putin|date=7 September 2014|website=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=9 April 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> पूर्व अमेरिकी विदेशमन्त्री [[हेनरी किसिन्जर]]ले २०१४ मा पश्चिमा जगतले पुटिनको दानवीकरण गरेको कुरा "द वासिङटन पोस्टमा" व्यक्त गरेका थिए। <ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/henry-kissinger-to-settle-the-ukraine-crisis-start-at-the-end/2014/03/05/46dad868-a496-11e3-8466-d34c451760b9_story.html |author=Henry Kissinger|title=How The Ukraine Crisis Ends |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|date=5 March 2014|author-link=Henry Kissinger}}</ref> [[पूर्व जर्मनी|पूर्वी जर्मनी]]का पूर्‍व नेता एगोन क्रेन्जले शीत युद्धको अन्त्य कहिल्यै नभएको कुरा बताए र भने, "गोर्वाचोभ र येल्तसिन जस्ता कमजोर राष्ट्रपति पछि [राष्ट्रपति भ्लादिमिर] पुटिन पाउनु रसियाको अहोभाग्य हो।" <ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenberg |first1=Steve |title=Berlin Wall anniversary: The 'worst night of my life' |work=BBC News |date=9 October 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49971599 |access-date=21 July 2020}}</ref> अहिले रुसी जनताले पुटिनलाई पुरानो रुसी गौरव फिर्ता ल्याएको जस/ श्रेय दिने गर्छन्। <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/mikhail-gorbachev-claims-vladimir-putin-saved-russia-falling-apart-1481065 |title=Mikhail Gorbachev claims Vladimir Putin saved Russia from falling apart |website=International Business Times |date=27 December 2014}}</ref> सोभियत संघका पूर्व नेता [[मिखायल गोर्वाचोभ]]ले बोरिस येल्तसिनको कार्यकालमा भएको अस्तव्यस्तताबाट जोगाएको बताए, र "रुसी ज्न्नताले पुटिनले रसियालाई बर्बादीबाट बचाएको याद गर्नुपर्बे" बताए। <ref name=auto/><ref>{{cite news |first=Doug |last=Struck |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/04/AR2007120402218.html |title=Gorbachev Applauds Putin's Achievements |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=5 December 2007}}</ref> २०१५ मा, विपक्षी राजनीतिज्ञ बोरिस नेम्त्सोभले पुटिनले देशलाई चीनको कच्चा पदार्थको उपनिवेश बनाएको आरोप लागाए।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/01/05/decoding-vladimir-putins-plan-for-russia |title=Decoding Vladimir Putin's Plan |website=U.S. News & World Report |date=5 January 2015}}</ref> [[चेचेन गणतन्त्र]] प्रमुख तथा पुटिनका समर्थन, [[राम्जेन कादिरोभ]]ले पुटिनले चेचेन जनता र रसियालाई बचाएको कुरा व्यक्त गरे।<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=SGKM0BjaQJcC&pg=PA278&lpg=PA278&dq=kadyrov+putin+%22saved+russia%22&source=bl&ots=5-2iIh98NO&sig=uWbHsB7QMrydA7J6gN-zG5BdJno&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi3_ZWPtfXLAhVFuxQKHU9tDW0Q6AEIIzAB#v=onepage&q=kadyrov%20putin%20%22saved%20russia%22&f=false State Building in Putin's Russia: Policing and Coercion after Communism] p. 278, Brian D. Taylor. Cambridge University Press, 2011.</ref> === अमेरिकी प्रकाशनमा पुटिन === सन् २००७ मा उनी [[टाइम वर्ष व्यक्ति]] भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/0,28757,1690753,00.html|title=Person of the Year 2007|work=Time|accessdate=8 July 2009|year=2007}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824201145/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/0,28757,1690753,00.html |date=24 August 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFMQz6AN3B0|title=Putin Answers Questions From Time Magazine|date=20 December 2007|accessdate=21 June 2016|via=YouTube}}</ref> सन् २०१५ मा उनलाई टाइम पत्रिकाद्वारा सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली व्यक्ति मानेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.rt.com/news/249513-putin-time-poll-russia/|title=Vladimir Putin Steals The Show in TIME 100 Magazine Reader's Poll|last1=Druzhinin|first1=Alexei|date=14 April 2015|accessdate=27 June 2016|agency=Russia Today (RT)}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://time.com/70855/vladimir-putin-2014-time-100/|title=Vladimir Putin – The Russian Leader Who Truly Tests The West|first1=Madeleine|last1=Albright|date=23 April 2014|magazine=Time Magazine|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.newsweek.com/putin-smart-truly-evil-man-says-madeleine-albright-450332|title=Putin Is a 'Smart But Truly Evil Man,' says Madeleine Albright|first1=Damien|last1=Sharkov|date=20 April 2016|magazine=Newsweek|accessdate=2 November 2016}}</ref> सन् २०१३ देखि सन् २०१६ सम्म फोर्ब्सले उनलाई [[संसारको सबैभन्दा शक्तिशाली व्यक्तिहरूको फोर्ब्स सूची|संसारको सबैभन्दा शक्तिशाली व्यक्ति]]को रूपमा सूचीकृत गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/|title=The World's Most Powerful People 2016|date=14 December 2016|work=Forbes|quote=For the fourth consecutive year, Forbes ranked Russian President Vladimir Putin as the world's most powerful person. From the motherland to Syria to the U.S. presidential elections, Russia's leader continues to get what he wants.}}</ref> सन् २०१८ मा उनी चीनका राष्ट्रपति [[सि जिनपिङ]] पछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेका छन्।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2018/05/08/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2018|title=The World's Most Powerful People 2018|last1=Ewalt|first1=David M.|date=8 May 2018|work=Forbes|accessdate=10 May 2018}}</ref> ===पुटिनवाद=== {{मुख्य|पुटिनवाद}}{{wikiquote|Vladimir Putin|भ्लादिमिर पुटिन}} पुटिनको धेरै तर्कपूर्ण भनाइ तथा ओजपूर्ण तर्कहरू सार्वजनिक हुन्छन् ; जसलाई '''[[पुतिनवाद|पुटिनवाद]]'''को नामले पनि जानिन्छ।<ref name="putinisms">{{citation|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_3535000/3535811.stm|trans-title=Putinism – "Thoughtful personal outrageous"|title=Путинизмы – "продуманный личный эпатаж"?|work=बीबीसी रूस|language=ru|first=Cyril|last=Sukhotsky|date=5 March 2004|accessdate=29 January 2017}}</ref> ती मध्ये अधिकांशहरू उनको वार्षिक प्रश्नोत्तर सम्मेलनमा आउँछन् जहाँ पुटिन पत्रकार र स्टुडियोका अन्य मानिस र रूस भरीका मानिसहरूका प्रश्नको जवाफ दिन्छन्। पुटिनलाई रूसी चुटकिला र लोक कथनहरू सहित कडा, तिखो र सटिक तर्कपूर्ण भाषाको लागि परिचित मानिन्छ।<ref name="putinisms" /><ref>{{citation|url=http://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/articles/2012/12/25/citata_nedeli|title=Кирилл Харатьян: Жаргон Владимира Путина|work={{lang|ru|Ведомости}} ({{transl|ru|Vedomosti.ru}})|language=ru|first=Kirill|last=Kharatyan|date=25 December 2012|accessdate=29 January 2017}}</ref> == सम्मान == === विभिन्न राष्ट्र द्वारा प्रदान गरिएको नागरिक सम्मान === {| class="wikitable sortable" !मिति !देश ! colspan="2" |विभूषण ! ! style="width:25%;" |टिप्पणी |- |७ मार्च २००१ |भियतनाम |[[चित्र:Vietnam_Hochiminh_Order_ribbon.png|frameless|100x100px]] |हो चि मिन्ह सम्मान <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.aif.ru/archive/1623363|date=7 March 2001|agency=Аргументы и Факты|language=रूसी|title=Вьетнам: Наш президент круче американского. Путину – орден Хо Ши Мина. Нас там пока любят}}</ref> | |भियतनामको दोस्रो सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |सन् २००४ |कजाख्स्तान |[[चित्र:Ord.GoldenEagle-ribbon.gif|frameless]] |गोल्डेन इगल सम्मान | |कागस्तानको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |सन् २००६ |मुस्लिम बोर्ड अफ ककेसस | |शेख उल-इस्लाम सम्मान |Allahshukur Pasha-zade |सर्वोच्च मुस्लिम सम्मान,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=1673|title=Alexy II is awarded the highest Muslim Order|date=4 July 2006|agency=Interfax-Religion}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303015114/http://www.interfax-religion.com/?act=news&div=1673 |date=3 March 2021 }}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.qafqazislam.com/rus/seyxulislam_ordeni.php|publisher=Управление Мусульман Кавказа|language=Russian|title=Орден Шейх-уль-ислама|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305061821/http://www.qafqazislam.com/rus/seyxulislam_ordeni.php|archivedate=5 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> |- |२२ सेप्टेम्बर २००६ |[[फ्रान्स]] |[[चित्र:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg|frameless|100x100px]] |लिज्योँ देनोर<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xhvhv|title=Chirac décore Poutine|website=Vidéo Dailymotion}}</ref> |राष्ट्रपति Jacques Chirac |''Grand-Croix'' (Grand Cross) rank सर्वोच्च फ्रान्सेली विभुषण |- |सन् २००७ |[[ताजिकिस्तान]] | | इस्मोइली सोमोनी सम्मान <ref>{{cite journal|year=2007|title=CSTO: SAFE CHOICE IN CENTRAL ASIA|journal=Eurasia Daily Monitor|volume=4|issue=191}}</ref> | |ताजकिस्तानको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |१२ फेब्रुअरी २००७ |[[साउदी अरब]] |[[चित्र:Spange_des_König-Abdulaziz-Ordens.png|frameless|99x99px]] | अब्दुल्लाह अल साउद सम्मान<ref>Atul Aneja [http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022002561100.htm Putin goes calling on the Saudis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223061501/http://www.hindu.com/2007/02/20/stories/2007022002561100.htm |date=2007-02-23 }}. ''द हिन्दु''. २० फेब्रुअरी २००८</ref> |राजा अब्दुल्लाह |साउदी अरबकोको सर्वोच्च नागरिक सम्मान |- |१० सेप्टेम्बर २००७ |[[संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स]] |[[चित्र:Ribbon bar of the Order of Zayed.svg|frameless|98x98px]] |जायद सम्मान<ref>[http://top.rbc.ru/politics/10/09/2007/117887.shtml Putin Receives Top UAE's Decoration, Order of Zayed] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130525033420/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/10/09/2007/117887.shtml|date=25 May 2013}}, Rbc.ru, 10 September 2007</ref> |शेख खलिफा |संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्सको सर्वोच्च नागरिक सम्मान |- |२ अप्रिल २०१० |[[भेनेजुएला]] |[[चित्र:VEN_Order_of_the_Liberator_-_Grand_Cordon_BAR.png|frameless|100x100px]] | लिबरेटर सम्मान <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/russia-offers-venezuela-nuclear-help-chavez-says/|title=Russia offers Venezuela nuclear help, Chavez says|last1=Sanchez|first1=Fabiola|date=2 April 2010|work=The Seattle Times}}</ref> |राष्ट्रपति [[ह्युगो चाभेज]] |भेनेजुएलाको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |२४ मार्च २०११ |सर्बियाली अर्थोडक्स चर्च |[[चित्र:Order_of_Saint_Sava_-_Ribbon_bar.svg|frameless|100x100px]] |अदर अफ सेन्ट साभा <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://spc.rs/eng/russian_prime_minister_vladimir_putin_awarded_serbian_orthodox_church%E2%80%99s_highest_distinction|title=Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin awarded the Serbian Orthodox Church's highest distinction {{!}} Serbian Orthodox Church [Official web site]|website=spc.rs|access-date=16 November 2019}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191116151607/http://spc.rs/eng/russian_prime_minister_vladimir_putin_awarded_serbian_orthodox_church%25E2%2580%2599s_highest_distinction |date=16 November 2019 }}</ref> |Irinej, Serbian Patriarch |सर्बियाली अर्थोडक्स चर्चको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |४ अक्टोबर २०१३ |[[मोनाको]] |[[चित्र:MCO Order of Saint-Charles - Grand Cross BAR.svg|frameless|100x100px]] |अदर अफ सेन्ट चार्ल्स <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.legimonaco.mc/Dataweb/jourmon.nsf/9bf97b0da6308cfdc12568c40037f873/5b93238ce0e6ee84c1257c01002ec12d!OpenDocument|title=Ordonnance Souveraine n° 4.504 du 4 octobre 2013 portant élévation dans l'Ordre de Saint-Charles|date=4 October 2013|agency=Journal de Monaco|language=फ्रान्सेली}}</ref> |राजकुमार अल्बर्ट |मोनाकोको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |११ जुलाई २०१४ |[[क्युबा]] |[[चित्र:Ribbon_jose_marti.png|frameless]] |अदर अफ जोसे मार्ती <ref>{{cite news|url=http://en.escambray.cu/2014/raul-castro-welcomes-russian-president-vladimir-putin/|title=Raul Castro Welcomes Russian President Vladimir Putin|date=11 July 2014|agency=Escambray}}</ref> |राष्ट्रपति [[राउल क्यास्ट्रो]] |क्युबाको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |१६ अक्टोबर २०१४ |[[सर्बिया]] |[[चित्र:Orden_Republike_Srbije.gif|100x100px]] |अडर अफ रिपब्लिक अफ सर्बिया <ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/society.php?yyyy=2014&mm=10&dd=16&nav_id=91926|title=Putin receives Serbia's top state decoration|date=16 October 2014|agency=B92}}</ref> |राष्ट्रपति Tomislav Nikolić | सर्बियाको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |३ अक्टोबर २०१७ |[[तुर्कमेनिस्तान]] | |"सहकार्य बिकासको योगदानको लागि" सम्मान |राष्ट्रपति गुर्बानगुली बेर्दीमुखामेदोभ | |- |२२ नोबेम्बर २०१७ |[[किर्गिस्तान]] |[[चित्र:KRG_Order_Manas.png|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KRG_Order_Manas.png|98x98px]] |ओर्जेन मनस |राष्ट्रपति अल्माजबेक अटामबायेभ | |- |८ जुलाई २०१८ |चीन | |मैत्री सम्मान <ref>{{cite web|url=http://tass.com/society/1008739/amp|title=Putin becomes first foreign leader to get China's Order of Friendship|date=1 January 2016|accessdate=19 June 2018|agency=TASS}}</ref> |राष्ट्रपति [[सि जिनपिङ|सि]] |चीनको सर्वोच्च सम्मान |- |२८ मे २०१९ |[[कजाख्स्तान|काजकिस्थान]] |[[चित्र:OrdenNazar.png|72x72px]] | नजरबायेव सम्मान<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inform.kz/en/article/3531551|title=Nursultan Nazarbayev awards Order of Yelbasy to Vladimir Putin|last=INFORM.KZ|website=inform.kz}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220820034357/https://www.inform.kz/en/nursultan-nazarbayev-awards-order-of-yelbasy-to-vladimir-putin_a3531551 |date=2022-08-20 }}</ref> |एल्बेसी नूरसुल्तान नजरबायेव | |} ===मानार्थ विद्यावारिधि === {| class="wikitable" !मिति ! विश्वविद्यालय/ संस्थान |- |सन् २००१ |येरेभान राज्य विश्वविद्यालय<ref>{{cite news|url=http://asbarez.com/45463/putin-concludes-visit-to-armenia-lays-wreath-at-genocide-monument/|title=Putin Concludes Visit to Armenia Lays Wreath at Genocide Monument|date=17 September 2001|agency=Asbarez}}</ref> |- |सन् २००१ |एथेन्स विश्वविद्यालय<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hri.org/news/greek/apeen/2001/01-12-07_1.apeen.html|title=Putin receives honorary doctorate from Athens University|date=7 December 2001|agency=Athens News Agency}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123232939/http://www.hri.org/news/greek/apeen/2001/01-12-07_1.apeen.html |date=23 November 2021 }}</ref> |- |सन् २०११ |बेलग्राद विश्वविद्यालय<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.b92.net/eng/news/society.php?yyyy=2011&mm=03&dd=16&nav_id=73273|title=B92 News: Belgrade University to award Putin honorary doctorate|accessdate=11 June 2012}}</ref> |} === अन्य पुरस्कार === ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{sister project links|b=no|n=no|v=no|wikt=no|author=yes|commons=Category:Vladimir Putin|d=Q7747|display=भ्लादिमिर पुटिन}} {{टाइम वर्ष व्यक्ति}} {{Vladimir Putin}} * [http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] * [http://eng.kremlin.ru/ रुसको राष्ट्रपतिको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] [[श्रेणी:रुसका राष्ट्रपतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भ्लादिमिर पुतिन|श्रेणी:भ्लादिमिर पुटिन]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९५२ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:रुसका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरू]] 7bnj3dn8vjvqohpp7pjfcttmxpglwq0 3 90631 1358305 1357268 2026-06-08T01:20:08Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1358305 wikitext text/x-wiki * [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Learnerktm/वार्ता १|पुराना सन्देशहरू १]] * [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Learnerktm/वार्ता २|पुराना सन्देशहरू २]] == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Monkey selfie]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Macaca nigra self-portrait large.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''monkey selfies''' are a series of selfies taken by Celebes crested macaques using equipment belonging to the British nature photographer David Slater.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:MassMessage/Lists/Translation of the week|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३०, १६ जनवरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16174362 --> == उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख सम्बन्धमा छलफल == '''[[विकिपिडिया:उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख|उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख]]''' सम्बन्धमा छलफल भई रहेकोले '''[[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#उच्च प्रदर्शित लेख|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो विचार तथा राय राख्नु हुनको लागी अनुरोध गर्दछौं । [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:११, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=599602 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mangal Shobhajatra]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Mangal Shobhajatra in Dhaka.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Mangal Shobhajatra''' is a mass procession that takes place at dawn on the first day of the Bengali New Year in Bangladesh, organised by the teachers and students of the Faculty of Fine Arts of Dhaka University. The festival is considered an expression of the secular identity of the Bangladeshi people and as a way to promote unity. It was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2016, categorised on the representative list as a heritage of humanity.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:MassMessage/Lists/Translation of the week|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:२४, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16249755 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sundial cannon]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cannon Sundial by Victor Chevalier, Paris (about 1800).jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>A '''sundial cannon''' is a device consisting of a sundial incorporating a cannon with a fuse that is lit by an overhanging lens, concentrating the rays of the sun, and causing the cannon to fire at noon, when properly oriented along a north-south axis.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, २० फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16339651 --> == समीक्षा सहित मत राख्न अनुरोध == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्र, कृपया [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80#Tulsi_Bhagat यस] महत्वपूर्ण वार्तालापमा आफ्नो मत राख्न अनुरोध गर्दछु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १३:१९, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=601242 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2016 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rugelach]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:ChocolateRugelach.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Rugelach''' is a Jewish pastry of Ashkenazic origin. It is very popular in Israel, commonly found in most cafes and bakeries. It is also a popular treat among American and European Jews.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.png|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16347352 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Discourses on Salt and Iron]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:盐铁论]]) ([[:fr:Dispute sur le sel et le fer]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Discourses on Salt and Iron''' (Chinese: 鹽鐵論; pinyin: Yán Tiě Lùn) was a debate held at the imperial court in 81 BCE on state policy during the Han dynasty in China. The previous emperor, Emperor Wu, had reversed the laissez-faire policies of his predecessors and imposed a wide variety of state interventions, such as creating monopolies on China's salt and iron enterprises, price stabilization schemes, and taxes on capital. These actions sparked a fierce debate as to the policies of the Emperor. After his death, during the reign of Emperor Zhao of Han, the regent Huo Guang called on all the scholars of the empire to come to the capital, Chang'an, to debate the government's economic policies.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:५९, ६ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16383211 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्र,</br> चौतारीमा गरिएको प्रस्तावमाथि [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.95.E0.A5.80_.E0.A4.B5.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A8_.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.A1.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.9F.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A5.E0.A4.A8_.E0.A5.A8.E0.A5.A6.E0.A5.A7.E0.A5.AD यहाँ] छलफल भइरहेको हुँदा यसमा भाग लिनका लागि अनुरोध गर्न चाहन्छु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १६:१६, ६ मार्च २०१७ <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=602640 --> == प्रस्ताव == नमस्ते सम्पादक मित्रहरू,</br> कृपया यस [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#.E0.A4.8F.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.9C.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.95.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.80 प्रस्ताव] माथि आफ्नो मत राख्नुहोला ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १५:४५, ११ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=602640 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lomami National Park]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cam trap 12 bonobos in the clearing.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Lomami National Park''' (in french: Parc National de la Lomami) is a national park located in the Democratic Republic of Congo in Central Africa. Situated within the middle basin of the Lomami River, it straddles the Provinces of Tshopo and Maniema with a slight overlap into the forests of the Tshuapa and Lualaba river basins. The National Park was formally declared on 7 July 2016. It is the 9th national park in the country and the first to be created since 1992.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५८, १३ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16400711 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:it:Liuteria tradizionale cremonese]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Varnishing a violin.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Cremona's traditional violin''' making is an ancient form of handicrafts typical of Cremona (Italy) where bowed string instruments like violins, violas, cellos and double basses have been made since 16^th century. The "''Traditional violin craftsmanship in Cremona''" was declared an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2012.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, २० मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16400711 --> == योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद ! == लर्नरktm जी, विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७ मा सक्रिय सहभागिता जनाएर आफ्नो अमुल्य समय र मेहनतको लागि धन्यवाद दिदै आगामी दिनहरूमा पनि यहाँको सक्रिय सहभागिताको अपेक्षा गर्दछौं । विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७, आयोजक समूह :::@[[User:Punya|Punya]]जी हजुरलाई पनि धेरै धेरै धन्यवाद! :) <span style="color:green;">^:)</span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;">^ktm</span> १४:०९, २२ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Peridium]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bird's nest fungi - context.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''peridium''' is the protective layer that encloses a mass of spores in fungi. This outer covering is a distinctive feature of gasteroid fungi.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, २७ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16475840 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७ == नमस्ते विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू,</br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गत मार्च ८ देखि मार्च २२ मा सञ्चालन भएको [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१७]] प्रतियोगितामा तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएको लेखहरूलाई [https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/wikiwomen-editathon-2017 यस उपकरण] मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोस् । यस उपकरणलाई मात्र ८ दिनको लागि खुल्ला गरिएको हुनाले आफ्नो लेख यथाशीघ्र पेश गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] १६:३७, २८ मार्च २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=606002 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Euphrates Tunnel]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Euphrates Tunnel''' was allegedly a 929 meter long tunnel built to connect the two halves of the city of Babylon; archaeologists believe it was built between 2180 and 2160 BCE. Construction began with a temporary dam across the Euphrates river, and proceeded using a "cut and cover" technique. The tunnel was supposedly lined with brick and waterproofed with asphalt. No other sub-aqueous pedestrian tunnel was attempted until Marc Brunel built the Thames Tunnel beginning in 1824 CE. A description of the tunnel as being built and used by Queen Semiramis is given by Diodorus (fl. 50 BCE) in the Bibliotheca Historica. Philostratus (d. 250 CE) also describes the tunnel's construction in the Life of Apollonius of Tyana.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५२, १० अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16507790 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pinnacles National Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Inside Balconies Cave at Pinnacles National Monument 1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Pinnacles National Park''' is a U.S. National Park protecting a mountainous area located east of the Salinas Valley in Central California, about 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Soledad and 80 miles (130 km) southeast of San Jose. The park's namesakes are the eroded leftovers of the western half of an extinct volcano that has moved 200 miles (320 km) from its original location on the San Andreas Fault, embedded in a portion of the California Pacific Coast Ranges. Pinnacles is managed by the National Park Service and the majority of the park is protected as wilderness.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:३०, १७ अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16507790 --> == [[विकिपीडिया:अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारहरूको लागि निवेदन#Pitambar_Bhattarai|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदन]] == Learnerktm ज्यु, मलाई [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8#Pitambar_Bhattarai यहाँ] गएर अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि समर्थन गरी दिनको लागि अनुरोध गर्द छु । '''धन्यवाद ! - [[User:Pitambar_Bhattarai|पिताम्बर भट्टराई]]^{[[User_talk:Pitambar_Bhattarai|(कुरा गर्ने)]]} १०:३०, २२ अप्रिल २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ettringite]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:de:Ettringit]]) ([[:fr:Ettringite]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ettringite.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Ettringite''' is a hydrous mineral with formula: Ca₆Al₂(SO₄)₃(OH)₁₂·26H₂O. It is a colorless to yellow mineral crystallizing in a trigonal crystal system.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३३, ८ मे २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16620945 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Anna Russell (botanist)]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;>Botanist who has been described as "perhaps the ablest and most outstanding woman field botanist of her time".</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४२, ५ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16741032 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dhaka topi]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:A Typical Nepali Dhaka Topi laid on a level surface.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Dhaka topi''' is a type of hat, popular among hilly Nepalis and Indian Gorkhas, along with their diasporas. The hat is made of a fabric called dhaka, which is also used for a type of blouse, a dhaka-ko-cholo which translates "blouse made of dhaka fabric".</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३९, १२ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16857061 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulled rickshaw]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:JapaneseRickshaw.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>A '''pulled rickshaw''' (or ricksha) is a mode of human-powered transport by which a runner draws a two-wheeled cart which seats one or two people.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, १९ जुन २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16891684 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Battle of Callao]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:CombateDosdeMayo.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Battle of Callao''' was the final battle (1866) in the war between Spanish and Peruvian forces.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३१, ३ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16900050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cat fugue]]'''</span><br /><small>(''[[:it:Fuga del gatto]]'')</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carl Reichert - Katzenfuge.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Fugue in G minor''' (K. 30, L. 499) by Domenico Scarlatti is a one-movement harpsichord sonata popularly known as the Cat fugue or Cat's fugue (La Fuga del Gatto).</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, १० जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16900050 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Qasr el Yahud]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jordan Baptism site BW 6.JPG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Qasr el Yahud''' is the official name of a baptism site in the Jordan River Valley region of the West Bank in Israel.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१०, १७ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16979914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:St. Nicholas Fortress]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:St. Nicholas Fortress 0048.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''St. Nicholas Fortress''' (Croatian: Tvrđava Sv. Nikole) is a fortress located in the town of Šibenik, one of the oldest native Croatian towns on the eastern shores of the Adriatic, in central Dalmatia, Croatia. It was included in UNESCO's World Heritage Site list as part of "Venetian Works of Defence between 15th and 17th centuries: Stato da Terra – western Stato da Mar" in 2017</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५१, २४ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=16979914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:eu:Korrika]] '''</span><br /><small>''([[:en:Korrika]]) ([[:es:Korrika]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korrika 2015, Bilbo, Euskal Herria.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Korrika''' (Basque for running) is an exhibition race held bi-annually in the Basque Country in order to fundraise the adult Basque-language teaching organization called AEK. It one of the largest demostrations for a language in the world and the longest relay race in the world with 2.557 kilometres in 2017, run day and night without interruption for 11 days. Besides of it fundraising aim, Korrika celebrates, supports and spreads the Basque language itself.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, ३१ जुलाई २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Viola Desmond]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Viola Desmond.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Viola Irene Desmond''' (July 6, 1914 – February 7, 1965) was a Canadian Black Nova Scotian businesswoman who challenged racial segregation at a film theatre in New Glasgow, Nova Scotia, in 1946. She refused to leave a whites-only area of the Roseland Theatre and was convicted of a minor tax violation for the one-cent tax difference between her paid and used seat. Desmond's case is one of the most publicized incidents of racial discrimination in Canadian history and helped start the modern civil rights movement in Canada.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१०, ८ अगस्त २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Maria Ann Smith]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Granny Smith.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Maria Ann "Granny" Smith''' (1799 – 9 March 1870) was a British-Australian orchardist responsible for the cultivation of the Granny Smith apple.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३४, १४ अगस्त २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Invitation for felicitation program of Wiki Events Nepal during 2015 == {| style="border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #F1EEED;" |rowspan="2" valign="top" |[[File:Wiki Events Nepal Logo.png|100px|Wiki Events Nepal ]] |rowspan="2" | |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 0; vertical-align: bottom; height: 1.1em;" | Invitation for felicitation program of Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal |- |style="vertical-align: top; border-top: 3px solid red;" | Dear {{BASEPAGENAME}}, we heartily apologize for the delay due to some situational circumstances. It’s our pleasure to invite you to [[:meta:Wikimedia Nepal/Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal|Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal]] winners awarding ceremony on 2nd September, 2017 at [https://www.google.com.np/maps/place/Masala+Cottage/@27.6889011,85.3333935,18.56z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x39eb19bddd2e90c5:0x105fb2d89672ca34!8m2!3d27.6891246!4d85.3330289?hl=en Masala Cottage], 2:00 pm onwards. We would like to ask few minutes of your time to [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfTTXlwOER-Se_jdRcch0jFUbmCsU2Eb-ZYHlf0v9hs3ojAkw/viewform provide your details here]. Your contribution as a contributor made the Wiki Events 2015 in Nepal possible. We’d like to have a privilege of having you there. '''Kind regards,'''<br/> '''The Wiki Events Nepal Team''' |} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=617265 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Green star (astronomy)]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:NGC 6826HSTFull.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>In astronomy, a '''green star''' is a white or blue star that appears green due to an optical illusion.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५९, ४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17038296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mining industry of Angola]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Catoca Diamond Mine-Angola 2001.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Mining in Angola''' is an activity with great economic potential since the country has one of the largest and most diversified mining resources of Africa. Angola is the third largest producer of diamonds in Africa and has only explored 40% of the diamond-rich territory within the country, but has had difficulty in attracting foreign investment because of corruption, human rights violations, and diamond smuggling. Production rose by 30% in 2006 and Endiama, the national diamond company of Angola, expects production to increase by 8% in 2007 to 10,000,000 carats (2,000 kg) annually. The government is trying to attract foreign companies to the provinces of Bié, Malanje and Uíge. Angola has also historically been a major producer of iron ore.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17196517 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pioneer Cabin Tree]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:CalaverasTreeTunnel1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>The '''Pioneer Cabin Tree''', also known as The Tunnel Tree, was a giant sequoia in Calaveras Big Trees State Park, California. It was considered one of the U.S.'s most famous trees, and drew thousands of visitors annually. It was estimated to have been more than 1,000 years old, and measured 33 feet (10 m) in diameter; its exact age and height were not known. The tree was topped before 1859. It fell and shattered during a storm on January 8, 2017</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३७, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17231886 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Batesian mimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Batesplate ArM.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;>'''Batesian mimicry''' is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both. It is named after the English naturalist Henry Walter Bates, after his work on butterflies in the rainforests of Brazil.</span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३६, २५ सेप्टेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17231886 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:History of candle making]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:K&M Candles Brockholes UK, 1972 (RLH), Hand Operated Candle Machines 03.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Candle making''' was developed independently in many places throughout history. Candles were made by the Romans beginning about 500 BC. These were true dipped candles and made from tallow. Evidence for candles made from whale fat in China dates back to the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BC). In India, wax from boiling cinnamon was used for temple candles. In parts of Europe, the Middle-East and Africa, where lamp oil made from olives was readily available, candle making remained unknown until the early middle-ages. Candles were primarily made from tallow and beeswax in ancient times, but have been made from spermaceti, purified animal fats (stearin) and paraffin wax in recent centuries. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, १६ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jagiellonian tapestries]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tapestry with the royal monogram of Žygimantas Augustas (King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania), circa 1555.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Jagiellonian tapestries''' are a collection of tapestries woven in the Netherlands and Flanders, which originally consisted of 365 pieces assembled by the Jagiellons to decorate the interiors of the royal residence Wawel Castle. It is also known as the Wawel arrasses, as the majority of the preserved fabrics is in the possession of the Wawel Castle Museum and the French city of Arras was a large center of manufacturing of this kind of wall decoration in the beginning of the 16th century. The collection become a state property of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland according to the will of Sigismund II Augustus. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, २३ अक्टोबर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Sun Wiki.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]''' एक अनलाइन सम्पादन-थन प्रतियोगिता हो जसले एसियाली राष्ट्रहरूका विकिपिडिया समुदायहरू बिच समझदारी बढाउने उद्देश्यका साथ सञ्चालन गर्न थालिएको हो । अघिल्लो वर्षहरूमा झै यस वर्ष पनि नोभेम्बर २०१७ महिना भरि यो प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुने हुँदा सम्पूर्ण सम्पादक मित्रहरूलाई यसमा सहभागिता जनाउन साथै कुनै सुझाव भए छलफलमा सहभागी भई दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । छलफलमा सहभागी हुन '''[[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|यस पृष्ठ]]'''मा जानुहोस् ।<br/><br/> कार्यक्रमा सहभागी हुन {{Clickable button 2|सहभागी हुने|url={{fullurl:विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७/सहभागीहरू}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} मा जानुहोस् । <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=599602 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७ == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ ! <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:WAM 2017 Banner-ne.svg|450px|center|link=]]</div>'''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''को शुरूवात भई सकेकोछ । यो प्रतियोगिता नोभेम्बर महिना भरि चल्ने छ । यस प्रतियोगिता सम्बन्धी केही तथ्यहरू यस प्रकार छ । # तपाईले तयार गर्नु भएको लेखहरू यस '''[https://tools.wmflabs.org/fountain/editathons/ उपकरण]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोस । यसको लागी उक्त उपकरणमा गई कृपया लग इन वटन थिच्नुहोस र OAuth ले बाँकी सबै कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले आफ्नो इन्टरफेसको भाषा माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन पनि गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात यस उपकरणले लेखमा आयोजकहरूबाट पुनरावलोकनको लागी एउटा ढाँचा थप गर्ने छ । तपाईले आफ्नो प्रगती यसै उपकरण मार्फत जाँच गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # तपाईले आफ्नो योगदानको आधारमा यस कार्यक्रमको अन्त्यमा रिवार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । यस सम्बन्धी नियमहरूको जानकारीको लागि समुदायको विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पृष्ठमा हेर्नुहोस् । सामान्यतया # * यदि तपाईको ४ लेखहरू स्विकृत भएको खण्डमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । # * यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । # * यदि नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । # यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले यस पृष्ठमा रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । # यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले हाम्रो '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]]''' पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]को [[वार्तालाप:विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१७|वार्ता]] पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/wam_list&oldid=623305 --> == Malah == Khai k karanle malah page metaunu vayo {{SUBST:SUSBT:Umesh Lal Das}} ००:०५, ५ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:SS Archimedes]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:SS Archimedes by Huggins cropped.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''SS Archimedes''' was a steamship built in Britain in 1839. She is notable for being the world's first steamship to be driven by a screw propeller. Archimedes had considerable influence on ship development, encouraging the adoption of screw propulsion by the Royal Navy, in addition to her influence on commercial vessels. She also had a direct influence on the design of another innovative vessel, Isambard Kingdom Brunel's SS Great Britain, then the world's largest ship and the first screw-propelled steamship to cross the Atlantic Ocean. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, ६ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:LGBT rights in Egypt]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Egypt (orthographic projection).svg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons in Egypt face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. According to 2013 survey by the Pew Research Center, 95% of Egyptians believe that homosexuality should not be accepted by society. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, १३ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17281524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Viking raid on Seville]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Viking raid on Seville''', then part of the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba, took place in 844. After raiding the coasts of what are now Spain and Portugal, a Viking fleet arrived in Seville through the Guadalquivir on 25 September, and took the city on 1 or 3 October. The Vikings pillaged the city and the surrounding areas. Emir Abd ar-Rahman II of Córdoba mobilised and sent a large force against the Vikings under the command of the hajib (chief-minister) Isa ibn Shuhayd. After a series of indecisive engagements, the Muslim army defeated the Vikings on either 11 or 17 November. Seville was retaken, and the remnants of the Vikings fled Spain. After the raid, the Muslims raised new troops and built more ships and other military equipment to protect the coast. The quick military response in 844 and the subsequent defensive improvements discouraged further attacks by the Vikings. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२८, २० नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल == [[File:Wiki Workshop-Nepal.svg|center|400px]] नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> समुदायको विकासको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल]] प्रस्ताव गरिएको छ । तपाईलाई यस [[वार्तालाप:विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|छलफल]]मा भाग लिन अनुरोध गरिन्छ ।--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] १४:५३, २१ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=624788 --> == [[विकिपीडिया:प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि निवेदन#Pitambar_Bhattarai|प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि निवेदन]] == Learnerktm, मलाई [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8#Pitambar_Bhattarai यहाँ] गएर प्रबन्धक अधिकारको लागि समर्थन गरी दिनुहुनको लागि अनुरोध गर्दछु । '''धन्यवाद ! {{Smiley}}''' - [[User:Pitambar Bhattarai|Pitambar Bhattarai]] ([[User talk:Pitambar Bhattarai|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २२ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == डेटाथन २०१७ == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Datathon Logo-Nepali.png|150px|center|link=]]</div> '''[[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१७|डेटाथन २०१७]]''' विकिपिडियाको भातृयोजना विकिडेटालाई लक्षित गरी सञ्चालन गर्न लागिएको एक अनलाइन प्रतियोगिता हो । यस प्रतियोगिताको प्रथम संस्करण सन् २०१५ मा आयोजना गरिएको थियो । यस वर्षको डेटाथन प्रतियोगिताको मुख्य उद्देश्य नेपालको संविधानसभा निर्वाचन २०७० मा विजयी सभासदहरूको विवरणलाई विकिडेटामा सङ्ग्रह गर्नु रहेको छ । यो एक दिने अनलाइन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिता जनाउन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । कार्यक्रमा सहभागी हुन [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeMGtunTps0FSqCI68UfwP6eab9q3eSTttvYOiNhEnBnVRv7g/viewform आवेदन फारम] पेश गर्नुहोस् ।- '''प्रतियोगिता आयोजक समूह''' <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=625735 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Warburg hypothesis]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Warburg hypothesis''', sometimes known as the '''Warburg theory of cancer''', postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by damaged mitochondria. The term Warburg effect describes the observation that cancer cells, and many cells grown in-vitro, exhibit glucose fermentation even when enough oxygen is present to properly respire. In other words, instead of fully respiring in the presence of adequate oxygen, cancer cells ferment. The Warburg hypothesis was that the Warburg effect was the root cause of cancer. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४५, ४ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sardine run]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sardines - 鰯(いわし).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''sardine run''' of southern Africa occurs from May through July when billions of sardines – or more specifically the Southern African pilchard Sardinops sagax – spawn in the cool waters of the Agulhas Bank and move northward along the east coast of South Africa. Their sheer numbers create a feeding frenzy along the coastline. The run, containing millions of individual sardines, occurs when a current of cold water heads north from the Agulhas Bank up to Mozambique where it then leaves the coastline and goes further east into the Indian Ocean. In terms of biomass, researchers estimate the sardine run could rival East Africa's great wildebeest migration. However, little is known of the phenomenon. It is believed that the water temperature has to drop below 21 °C in order for the migration to take place. In 2003, the sardines failed to 'run' for the third time in 23 years. While 2005 saw a good run, 2006 marked another non-run. The shoals are often more than 7 km long, 1.5 km wide and 30 metres deep and are clearly visible from spotter planes or from the surface. Sardines group together when they are threatened. This instinctual behaviour is a defence mechanism, as lone individuals are more likely to be eaten than large groups. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, ११ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17436520 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rooh Afza]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Afza Syrup (Lal sharbat).JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rooh Afza '''is a non-alcoholic concentrated squash. It was formulated in 1906 in Ghaziabad, British India and is still manufactured and popular in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. The recipe of Rooh Afza combines several ingredients popularly believed to be cooling agents, such as rose, which is used as a remedy for loo (the hot summer winds of Northern India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). The drink is commonly associated with the month of Ramadan, in which it is usually consumed during iftar. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, १८ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17540360 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2017-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[en:Fourth dimension in art]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jouffret.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> New possibilities opened up by the concept of four-dimensional space (and difficulties involved in trying to visualize it) helped inspire many modern artists in the first half of the twentieth century. Early Cubists, Surrealists, Futurists, and abstract artists took ideas from higher-dimensional mathematics and used them to radically advance their work. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, २५ डिसेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17566759 --> == WAM Address Collection == Congratulations! You have more than 4 accepted articles in Wikipedia Asian Month! Please submit your postal mailing address via '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdvj_9tlmfum9MkRx3ty1sJPZGXHBtTghJXXXiOVs-O_oaUbw/viewform?usp=sf_link Google form]''' or email me about that on erick@asianmonth.wiki before the end of Janauary, 2018. The Wikimedia Asian Month team only has access to this form, and we will only share your address with local affiliates to send postcards. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. Please contact your local organizers if you have any question. We apologize for the delay in sending this form to you, this year we will make sure that you will receive your postcard from WAM. If you've not received a postcard from last year's WAM, Please let us know. All ambassadors will receive an electronic certificate from the team. Be sure to fill out your email if you are enlisted [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month/2017_Ambassadors|Ambassadors list]]. Best, [[:m:User:fantasticfears|Erick Guan]] ([[m:User talk:fantasticfears|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Fantasticfears@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == WAM Address Collection - 1st reminder == Hi there. This is a reminder to fill the address collection. Sorry for the inconvenience if you did submit the form before. If you still wish to receive the postcard from Wikipedia Asian Month, please submit your postal mailing address via '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdvj_9tlmfum9MkRx3ty1sJPZGXHBtTghJXXXiOVs-O_oaUbw/viewform this Google form]'''. This form is only accessed by WAM international team. All personal data will be destroyed immediately after postcards are sent. If you have problems in accessing the google form, you can use [[:m:Special:EmailUser/Saileshpat|Email This User]] to send your address to my Email. If you do not wish to share your personal information and do not want to receive the postcard, please let us know at [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2017|WAM talk page]] so I will not keep sending reminders to you. Best, [[:m:User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == Confusion in the previous message- WAM == Hello again, I believe the earlier message has created some confusion. If you have already submitted the details in the Google form, '''it has been accepted''', you don't need to submit it again. The earlier reminder is for those who haven't yet submitted their Google form or if they any alternate way to provide their address. I apologize for creating the confusion. Thanks-[[:m:User:Saileshpat|Sailesh Patnaik]] <!-- Message sent by User:Saileshpat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Fantasticfears/mass/WAM_2017&oldid=17583922 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-2 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ambasse bey]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:TamTam.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A style of folk music and dance from Cameroon. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, ८ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17613521 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-3 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ruellia tuberosa]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ruellia tuberosa 03532.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Ruellia tuberosa''''', is a species of flowering plant in the Acanthaceae family. Its native range is in Central America but presently it has become naturalized in many countries of tropical South and Southeast Asia. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५६, १५ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17639911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-4 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blue laser]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blacklaser2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''blue laser''' is a laser that emits electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength between 360 and 480 nanometres, which the human eye sees as blue or violet. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:36, 22 January 2018 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17659204 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-5 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rock relief]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:20101229 Naqsh e Rostam Shiraz Iran more Panoramic.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''rock relief''' or '''rock-cut relief''' is a relief sculpture carved on solid or "living rock" such as a cliff, rather than a detached piece of stone. They are a category of rock art, and sometimes found as part of, or in conjunction with, rock-cut architecture </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४४, २९ जनवरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17678943 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-6 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rice paddy art]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sengoku busho of rice field art.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rice paddy art''' (田んぼアート ''tambo āto'') is an art form originating in Japan where people plant rice of various types and colors to create a giant pictures in a paddy field </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:३९, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == प्राविधिक परिवर्तनहरू सम्वन्धित वार्ता == '''नमस्ते सम्पादकज्यू !'''<br /> प्राविधिक परिवर्तनहरू सम्वन्धित वार्तामा आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(प्राविधिक)#Technical_changes_needed|यहाँ हेर्नुहोस्]] । धन्यवाद ! — [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font></font>]] <small>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">वार्तालाप</font></font>]])</small> ०९:१२, ९ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=632305 --> == विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन २०१८ == <div style="border: solid 1px #333; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #999; margin-bottom: 1.5em; display: table; width: 100%; height: 125px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><imagemap>File:Datathon_Logo-Nepali.png|110px| rect 34 80 1500 1500 [[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन]] desc none </imagemap></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"> <p style="font-size: 1.15em;">नेपाली विकिपिडियामा फाल्गुन १, २०७४ देखि फाल्गुन ३०, २०७४ सम्म [[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|विकिपरियोजना डेटाथन]] प्रतियोगिता १ महिनाभरिको लागि सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ । यहाँको अमूल्य योगदानको लागि हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौँ र सहभागीताको लागि '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScYCCQlRB4IXG97JG1gO9QJREy2IIxZYcCqnNbJL7AJ8yKqdw/viewform यस फारममा]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ । आवेदन दर्ता बन्द मिति ७ फागुन, २०७४ मा हुने छ । यस कारण छिटै दर्ता गर्नुहोस् । धन्यवाद !</p><p> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:डेटाथन २०१८|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span> </div></p> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;">[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.png|125px|right]]</div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १०:०३, १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) प्रयोग गरी पठाइयो । — [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font></font>]] <small>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="#3333ff"><font face="Cursive">वार्तालाप</font></font>]])</small>, '''[[:meta:Wikimedia Nepal|विकिमिडिया नेपाल]]''' <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=632563 --> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मातृभाषा दिवस सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता == [[File:Mother Language Day Edit-a-thon Logo.svg|thumb|right|मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन लोगो]] नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथीहरू,<br> [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मातृभाषा दिवस]]को उपलक्ष्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियामा ३ दिने (२१ फेब्रुअरी देखि २३ फेब्रुअरी सम्मका लागि) सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन गर्नका लागि मैले समुदाय समक्ष [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5)#%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE चौतारी]मा एउटा प्रस्ताव प्रस्तुत गरेको छु । यस प्रतियोगिता अवधिमा विश्वका भाषा, भाषा परिवारसँग सम्बन्धित लेख निर्माण गरिनेछ । कृपया यस प्रस्तावमाथि आ-आफ्नो मत राख्नुहोला । धन्यवाद --[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab_Anand|वार्ता]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिता == [[File:Mother Language Day Edit-a-thon Logo.svg|thumb|right]] नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथी,<br> कृपया नेपाली विकिपिडियामा हुन गइरहेको [[विकिपिडिया:मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन]] प्रतियोगितामा आफ्नो [[विकिपिडिया:मातृभाषा सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागिता]] जनाउनुहोस् । धन्यवाद --आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab_Anand|वार्ता]]) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-9 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Owens Valley]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Owens River from tableland-750px.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Owens Valley''' is the arid valley of the Owens River in eastern California in the United States, to the east of the Sierra Nevada and west of the White Mountains and Inyo Mountains on the west edge of the Great Basin section. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५९, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adi Roche]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Adi Roche''' (born 1955, Clonmel, County Tipperary, Ireland) is a campaigner for peace, humanitarian aid and education, who has focused on the relief of suffering experienced by children in the wake of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster. She is the voluntary chief executive of Irish-based charity Chernobyl Children International. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५७, ५ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17707257 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८ == <div style="border: solid 1px #333; border-radius: 0.2em; box-shadow: 0 4px 4px #999; margin-bottom: 1.5em; display: table; width: 100%; height: 125px; line-height: 1.2; text-align: center; cursor: pointer;"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><imagemap>File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|110px| rect 34 80 1500 1500 [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८]] desc none </imagemap></div> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"> [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne .svg|110px|right]] <p style="font-size: 1.15em;"> नमस्ते नेपाली विकिपिडियन साथी, अन्तराष्ट्रिय नारी दिवसको अवसर पारी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा मार्च ८, २०१८ देखि अप्रिल ८, २०१८ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८]] प्रतियोगिता संचालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आवेदन फारम]]''' भर्न हुन हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौ ।<p> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१८|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span> </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=634073 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pilanesberg Game Reserve]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pilansberg 151.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Pilanesberg Game Reserve''' is located north of Rustenburg in North West Province in South Africa. The park borders with the entertainment complex Sun City. The park is currently administered by the North West Parks and Tourism Board. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०७, १२ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17818259 --> == विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८| समितिको लागि आवेदन आह्वान == {|style="margin: auto; align:center; border-style: solid; border-width: 3px; border-color:#0000ff; color: #000000; background-color:#fce4f5;" cellpadding="10" |<center>[[File:Wikicamp Nepal 2018 logo v1.0.svg|110px|right|विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८]]</center> '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल|विकी कार्यशाला नेपाल २०१८]]''' सफलतापूर्वक आयोजना गर्नका लागि महत्वपूर्ण समितिहरू बनाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छौं । समितिमा रही योगदान दिन चाहने इक्षुक सदस्यले यो [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|पृष्ठ]]मा गई समितिको सदस्यताको लागि चाहिने अनुभव र कार्य हेर्न सक्नेछन् । कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScicGfw2g-RGgyFGphHhRaNGja6g-hd-LMzU-fswtSR-CRycg/viewform?usp=sf_link लिङ्क] खोली सदस्यताको लागि आवेदन दिनुहोस् । आवदेन फर्म भर्ने अन्तिम दिन २०१८ मार्च ३१ रहेको छ । थप जानकारीको लागि यो [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|पृष्ठ]] हेर्न अनुरोध गर्दछौं ।-- आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] |} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=632779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tape head cleaner]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> A '''tape head cleaner''' is a substance used for cleaning the record/playback heads of a magnetic tape drive (such as in a video tape machine, or audio tape machine). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, १९ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17840335 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luminous red nova]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:V838 Mon HST.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''luminous red nova''' is a stellar explosion thought to be caused by the merging of two stars. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५२, २६ मार्च २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17863191 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:History of hearing aids]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Madame de Meuron.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The first hearing aid was created in the 17th century. The movement toward modern hearing aids began with the creation of the telephone, and the first electric hearing aid was created in 1898. By the late 20th century, the digital hearing aid was distributed to the public commercially. Some of the first hearing aids were external hearing aids. External hearing aids directed sounds in front of the ear and blocked all other noises. The apparatus would fit behind or in the ear. The invention of the carbon microphone, transmitters, digital signal processing chip or DSP, and the development of computer technology helped transform the hearing aid to its present form. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, २ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17887888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aerial view of McClean telescope building.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Royal Observatory, Cape of Good Hope''', is the oldest continuously existing scientific institution in South Africa. Founded by the British Cape Colony in 1820, it now forms the headquarters building of the South African Astronomical Observatory. The institution was located on a small hill 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) south-east from the centre of Cape Town. Over the following century a suburb of the city grew up in the area; the suburb was named Observatory after the pre-existing Royal Observatory. It has also been the subject of an ICOMOS/IAU Case Study for World Heritage Site. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१९, १६ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17887888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Signalling theory]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> Within evolutionary biology, '''signalling theory''' is a body of theoretical work examining communication between individuals, both within species and across species. The central question is when organisms with conflicting interests, such as in sexual selection, should be expected to provide honest signals (no presumption being made of conscious intention) rather than cheating. Mathematical models describe how signalling can contribute to an evolutionarily stable strategy. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१९, २३ अप्रिल २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17960035 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Automimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chaetodon capistratus2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In zoology, '''automimicry''' is a form of mimicry in which the same species of animal is imitated. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०३, ७ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=17991441 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Usine Areva Malvési]] '''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Malvesi]]) ([[:es:Malvési]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Entrée usine areva malvesi.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Malvesi uranium processing plant''', a uranium refinery and conversion facility, is located in the Malvezy industrial area near the city of [[Narbonne]] in the south of France. The plant has a average capacity of about 14,000 tU as [[uranium tetrafluoride]] per year, and project to increase its capacity up to 21,000 tU per year. Comurhex, a subsidiary of the French nuclear concern [[Orano]] (former Areva), operate the Malvesi Facility. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४१, १४ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18041784 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Makapansgat]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Potgietersrus, South Africa - panoramio (15).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Makapansgat''' (/mɐkɐˈpɐnsxɐt/) (or Makapan Valley world heritage site) is an archaeological location within the Makapansgat and Zwartkrans Valleys, northeast of Mokopane in Limpopo province, South Africa. It is an important palaeontological site, with the local limeworks containing Australopithecus-bearing deposits dating to between 3.0 and 2.6 million years BP. The whole Makapan Valley has been declared a South African Heritage Site. Makapansgat belongs to the Cradle of Humankind </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, २१ मे २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18061147 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ouzo effect]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Preparing absinthe.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''ouzo effect''' (also louche effect and spontaneous emulsification) is a milky (louche) oil-in-water emulsion that is formed when water is added to ouzo and other anise-flavored liqueurs and spirits, such as pastis, rakı, arak, sambuca and absinthe. Such microemulsions occur with only minimal mixing and are highly stable. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, ४ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18064562 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ubsunur Hollow Biosphere Reserve]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Озеро Дус-Холь вечером. Тес-Хемский кожуун.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ubsunur Hollow Biosphere Preserve''' is a fragile mountain hollow or depression located on the territorial border of Mongolia and the Republic of Tuva in the Russian Federation among the mountains — Tannu-Ola Mountains, and the Altay Mountains region — part of a combination of raised lands and depressions. Here the world's most northern desert meets the world's most southern tundra zone. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०८, ११ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18114911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women's March (South Africa)]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Women's March''' was a march that took place on 9 August 1956 in Pretoria, South Africa. The marchers' aims were to protest the introduction of the Apartheid pass laws for black women in 1952 and the presentation of a petition to the then Prime Minister J.G. Strijdom. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:००, २५ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ant mimicry]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Macroxiphus sp cricket.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ant mimicry''' or '''myrmecomorphy''' is mimicry of ants by other organisms. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३२, २ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == छलफलमा सहभागी हुन अनुरोध! == नमस्ते,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]]मा निम्नलिखित विषयहरूमा भइरहेको छलफलमा कृपया आफ्नो मत राखिदिनुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।<br> # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|लेख र लिगेसी सम्बन्धी छलफल]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)| प्रमुख लेख सम्बन्धमा]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|सम्भावित अनुलिपि पृष्ठहरू (२)]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|क्याट-अ-लट टुल (ग्याजेट स्क्रिप्ट) असक्षम बनाउने सम्बन्धमा]]<br> धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०४:०५, ३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=651491 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Missed call]] '''</span><br /> <small>''([[:es:Llamada perdida]]) ([[:fr:Appel manqué]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Icons8 flat missed call.svg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''missed call''' is a telephone call that is deliberately terminated by the caller before being answered by its intended recipient, in order to communicate a pre-agreed message. It is a form of one-bit messaging.<br>Missed calls are common in emerging markets where mobile phones with limited outgoing calls are widely-used; as the call is not actually completed and connected, it does not carry a cost to the caller, hence they can conserve their remaining prepaid credit. Specific patterns of consecutive missed calls have been developed in some countries to denote specific messages. Missed calls are also referred to in some parts of Africa as beeping, memancing (fishing) in Indonesia, flashing in Nigeria, a flashcall in Pakistan, and a miskol in the Philippines. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, ९ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18133594 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jane Horney]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jane Horney 1940.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''"Jane" Ebba Charlotta Horney''' (married Granberg), (8 July 1918 – 20 January 1945) was a Swedish woman, believed to have spied in Denmark for the benefit of Nazi Germany, and to have been killed by the Danish resistance movement on a fishing boat at Øresund, but it has never been confirmed for which nation she actually worked. The Gestapo in Denmark believed that she was an agent for the British or Soviet Union, and after World War II it was denied that she had been a Gestapo agent. Abwehr officers likewise denied, when inquired by Säpo (Swedish intelligence), that she had been their agent. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:००, १६ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18202709 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Evelyn Mase]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Mandela e Evelyn 1944.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Evelyn Mase''' (18 May 1922 – 30 April 2004) was a South African nurse, who was the first wife of the anti-apartheid activist and future politician Nelson Mandela, to whom she was married from 1944 to 1958. She was the mother of four of his children, including Makgatho Mandela and Makaziwe Mandela. She met Mandela through her cousin Walter Sisulu and his wife Albertina, subsequently marrying him at the Native Commissioner's Court. Living together as a family in Soweto, they raised four children. However, their relationship came under strain as Mandela became increasingly involved in the African National Congress. Eschewing politics, she became a Jehovah's Witness. Accusing him of adultery, they divorced in 1958, and he went on to marry Winnie Mandela that year. Taking the children, she moved to Cofimvaba and opened a grocery store, but appeared in the South African press when Mandela was released. In 1998 she married a Sowetan businessman Simon Rakeepile. Her funeral attracted international attention, being attended by Mandela, Winnie, and Mandela's third wife, Graça Machel. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२७, २३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18202709 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sex strike]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:FEMEN Calls for Sex-Boycott.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''sex strike''', sometimes called a sex boycott, is a strike, a method of non-violent resistance in which one or multiple persons refrain from sex with their partner(s) to achieve certain goals. It is a form of temporary sexual abstinence. Sex strikes have been used to protest many issues, from war to gang violence. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०४, ३० जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18242764 --> == उल्था गर्नुपर्ने लेखहरू बारे == '''नमस्कार मित्र !''' <br /> उल्था गर्नुपर्ने लेखहरू बारे चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#उल्था_गर्नुपर्ने_लेखहरू_बारे|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद ! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३६, ३ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == साइडबारमा गृह पृष्ठ रहेको सम्बन्धि == '''नमस्ते मित्र !''' <br /> साइडबारमा गृह पृष्ठ रहेको सम्बन्धित चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#साइडबारमा_गृह_पृष्ठ_रहेको_सम्बन्धित|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्द छु । '''धन्यवाद !''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:२७, ४ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2017 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vinkensport]] '''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vinkensport, Deinze 03.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Vinkensport''' (Dutch for "finch sport") is a competitive animal sport in which male common chaffinches are made to compete for the highest number of bird calls in an hour. Also called vinkenzetting ("finch sitting"), it is primarily active in the Dutch-speaking region of Flanders in Belgium. Vinkensport traces its origins to competitions held by Flemish merchants in 1596, and is considered part of traditional Flemish culture. As of 2007, it was estimated that there are over 13,000 enthusiasts, called vinkeniers ("finchers"), breeding 10,000 birds every year. Animal rights activists have opposed the sport for much of its history. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, ६ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18254076 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Fileteado]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Fileteado]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Fileteado puro.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> Filleting is an artistic style of painting and drawing typically porteño, characterized by lines that become spiraling, strong colors, the recurrent use of symmetry, three-dimensional effects through shadows and perspectives, and an overloaded use of the surface. Its decorative repertoire includes mainly stylizations of leaves, animals, cornucopia, flowers, flags, and precious stones. In December 2015, it was declared intangible cultural heritage of humanity by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, १३ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18254076 --> == खुला-स्रोत टिकट अनुरोध प्रणाली == '''नमस्ते !'''<br /> [[:m:OTRS|खुला-स्रोत टिकट अनुरोध प्रणाली]] विषय सम्बन्धमा चौतारीमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#खुला-स्रोत_टिकट_अनुरोध_प्रणाली|यहाँ गई]] आफ्नो विचार राखिदिन अनुरोध गर्दछु । '''धन्यवाद !''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २३:४४, १७ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=662547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Albanian iso-polyphony]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:A traditional male folk group from Skrapar.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Albanian iso-polyphony''' is a traditional part of Albanian folk music and, as such, is included in UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage list </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५०, २० अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18299062 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ice algae]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thurber algae.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ice algae''' are any of the various types of algal communities found in annual and multi-year sea or terrestrial ice. On sea ice in polar regions of the oceans, ice algae communities play an important role in primary production. The timing of blooms of the algae is especially important for supporting higher trophic levels at times of the year when light is low and ice cover still exists. Sea ice algal communities are mostly concentrated in the bottom layer of the ice, but can also occur in brine channels within the ice, in melt ponds, and on the surface. Because terrestrial ice algae occur in freshwater systems, the species composition differs greatly from that of sea ice algae. These communities are significant in that they often change the color of glaciers and ice sheets, impacting the reflectivity of the ice itself. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४०, २७ अगस्त २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18299062 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bati, Ethiopia]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bati.ogv|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bati''' is a town in north-central Ethiopia. Located in the Oromia Zone of the Amhara Region (or killoch), east of Dessie this town has a latitude and longitude of 11°11′N 40°1′E with an elevation of 1502 metres above sea level. It is the largest town in Bati woreda. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४१, ३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18333542 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mimicry in plants]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ophrys apifera flower1.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Mimicry in plants''' is where a plant organism evolves to resemble another organism physically or chemically. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४५, १० सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18365069 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zhang Shichuan]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Zhang Shichuan.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Zhang Shichuan''' was a Chinese entrepreneur, film director, and film producer, who is considered a founding father of Chinese cinema. He and Zheng Zhengqiu made the first Chinese feature film, The Difficult Couple, in 1913, and cofounded the Mingxing (Star) Film Company in 1922, which became the largest film production company in China under Zhang's leadership. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18372060 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ को आयोजकको लागि प्रस्ताव == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|center|link=]]</div>एसियाली राष्ट्रहरूका विकिपिडिया समुदायहरू बिच समझदारी बढाउने उद्देश्यका साथ नोभेम्बरमा आयोजना हुने अनलाईन सम्पादन-थन '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना''' को २०१८ को संस्करण कार्यक्रमको लागि आयोजकको लागि प्रस्ताव खुला गरिएकोले इच्छुक सम्पादकहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८#आयोजकहरू|यहाँ]]''' गई नाम सूचिकृत गराउनु हुन अनुरोध गरिन्छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:१९, ५ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=676414 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Maria Kristina Kiellström]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The steps on Skeppsbro etching by Elias Martin detail.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Maria Kristina Kiellström''' (15 June 1744 – 20 January 1798), known as Maja Stina, was a Swedish silk worker and alleged prostitute. She inspired the songwriter and performer Carl Michael Bellman to create a major character in his Fredman's Epistles (songs), the demimonde prostitute or Rococo "nymph" Ulla Winblad. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२९, ८ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18426497 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:1746 Gustav.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Gustav III of Sweden's coffee experiment''' was a twin study ordered by the king to study the health effects of coffee. Although the authenticity of the event has been questioned, the experiment, which was conducted in the second half of the 18th century, failed to prove that coffee was a dangerous beverage. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०१, १५ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18464885 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Invasion of Åland]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Swedes, Germans, Russians in Åland 1918.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Invasion of Åland''' was a 1918 military campaign of World War I in the Åland Islands, Finland. The islands occupied by the proto-Soviet Union (Soviet Russia) were first invaded by Kingdom of Sweden in late February and then by the German Empire in early March. The conflict was also related to the Finnish Civil War including minor fighting between the Finnish Whites and the Finnish Reds. As Germany took control over Åland in March 1918, Russian troops were captured and the Swedish troops left the islands by the end of the Finnish Civil War in May. The Germans stayed in Åland until September 1918. The Åland Islands dispute was then turned over to the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 and the League of Nations in 1920. The Åland convention was finally signed in 1921 re-establishing the demilitarised status of Åland as an autonomous part of Finland. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४६, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18486821 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liu Yang (astronaut)]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:刘洋 (航天员)]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:LIU_Yang_CUHK_2012.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Liu Yang''' (born October 6, 1978) is a Chinese pilot and astronaut who served as a crew member on the space mission Shenzhou 9. On June 16, 2012, Liu became the first Chinese woman in space. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:३२, २९ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18525740 --> == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१६/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Para-equestrian]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Para-equestrian''' is an equestrian sport governed by the International Federation for Equestrian Sports (FEI), and includes two competitive events: One is para-equestrian dressage, which is conducted under the same basic rules as conventional dressage, but with riders divided into different competition grades based on their functional abilities. The other is para-equestrian driving, which operates under the same basic rules as combined driving but places competitors in various grades based on their functional abilities. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२२, ५ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18528866 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ur-Nassiriyah.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ennigaldi-Nanna's museum''' is thought to be the first museum by some historians, although this is speculative. It dates to circa 530 BCE. The curator was Princess Ennigaldi, the daughter of Nabonidus, the last king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. It was located in the state of Ur, located in the modern-day Dhi Qar Governorate of Iraq, roughly 150 metres (490 ft) southeast of the famous Ziggurat of Ur. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18528866 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Moravec's paradox]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Moravec's paradox''' is the discovery by artificial intelligence and robotics researchers that, contrary to traditional assumptions, high-level reasoning requires very little computation, but low-level sensorimotor skills require enormous computational resources. The principle was articulated by Hans Moravec, Rodney Brooks, Marvin Minsky and others in the 1980s. As Moravec writes, "it is comparatively easy to make computers exhibit adult level performance on intelligence tests or playing checkers, and difficult or impossible to give them the skills of a one-year-old when it comes to perception and mobility". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१८, १९ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Home Children]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Barnardo boy ploughing C 1900.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Home Children''' was the child migration scheme founded by Annie MacPherson in 1869, under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa. Australia apologised for its involvement in the scheme; in February 2010 UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. On 16 November 2009, Canadian Immigration Minister Jason Kenney stated that Canada would not apologise to child migrants. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५०, २६ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hiroshima Maidens]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The patient's skin is burned in a pattern corresponding to the dark portions of a kimono - NARA - 519686.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Hiroshima Maidens''' are a group of 25 Japanese women who were school age girls when they were seriously disfigured as a result of the thermal flash of the fission bomb dropped on Hiroshima on the morning of August 6, 1945. They subsequently went on a highly publicized journey to get reconstructive surgery in the US in 1955. Keloid scars from their burns marred their faces and many of their hand burns healed into bent claw-like positions. These women, as well as the other citizens affected by the A-bomb, were referred to as hibakusha, meaning "explosion-affected people". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०६, ३ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dazzle camouflage]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:USS West Mahomet (ID-3681) cropped.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Dazzle camouflage''' was a family of ship camouflage used extensively in World War I, and to a lesser extent in World War II and afterwards. Credited to the British marine artist Norman Wilkinson, though with a rejected prior claim by the zoologist John Graham Kerr, it consisted of complex patterns of geometric shapes in contrasting colours, interrupting and intersecting each other. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०६, १० डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18602108 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Guangfu, Hebei]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:行摄梓地 hiroko.cn MRG 6208.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Guangfu''' is a town in Yongnian District, Handan, Hebei, China. It comprises the Guangfu Ancient City, a AAAAA-rated tourist attraction that preserves the appearance of a Ming-era Chinese town through its architecture, large city walls, and expansive moat. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३८, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18707373 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2018-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2018 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roman Thermae (Varna)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:VarnaRoman.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Roman Thermae''' (Bulgarian: Римски терми, Rimski termi) are a complex of Ancient Roman baths (thermae) in the Black Sea port city of Varna in northeastern Bulgaria. The Roman Thermae are situated in the southeastern part of the modern city, which under the Roman Empire was known as Odessus. The baths were constructed in the late 2nd century AD and rank as the fourth-largest preserved Roman thermae in Europe and the largest in the Balkans. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३८, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18729212 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजरनवाला|गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजरानवाला|विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Geo Bogza]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Geo Bogza.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Geo Bogza''' was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, one of the most influential Romanian Surrealists. Also known for his left-wing and communist political convictions. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:४०, ७ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18750355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Aluminum Christmas tree]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aluminum Christmas tree2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> the '''Aluminum Christmas tree''' was a type of artificial Christmas tree that was popular in the United States from 1958 until about the mid-1960s.In the highly acclaimed and successful 1965 television special, A Charlie Brown Christmas, the tree was specifically targeted as symbol of the commercialization of Christmas and was subsequently discreted.By the mid-2000s aluminum trees found a secondary market online, often selling for high premiums. The trees have also appeared in museum collections. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18765658 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Yuxiang]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Qiezi.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Yuxiang''' (simplified Chinese: 鱼香; traditional Chinese: 魚香; pinyin: yúxiāng; literally: "fish fragrance") is a seasoning mixture in Chinese cuisine, and also refers to the resulting sauce in which meat or vegetables are cooked. It is said to have originated in Sichuan cuisine, but has since spread to other regional Chinese cuisines </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३५, २१ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18798408 --> == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:बोट सूचनापाटी/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Reindeer in Siberian shamanism]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Шаман 17 в.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Reindeer in Siberian shamanism''' reflect the cultural, as well as the economic, relationship between the native peoples of Siberia, a region of Northern Asia, and the reindeer that live there. It involves the nomadic reindeer herders, those that hunt wild reindeer and those who maintain domesticated ones. Their religious beliefs reflect the spiritual philosophy of shamanism, and their traditions often involve reindeer in several steps of the process of practicing their religion. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:५५, २८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18820536 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fairbank train robbery]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Fairbank Railroad Depot Arizona Circa 1900.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Fairbank train robbery''' occurred on the night of February 15, 1900, when some bandits attempted to hold up a Wells Fargo express car at the town of Fairbank, Arizona. Although it was thwarted by Jeff Milton, who managed to kill "Three Fingered Jack" Dunlop in an exchange of gunfire, the train robbery was unique for being one of the few to have occurred in a public place and was also one of the last during the Old West period. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:२६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18842598 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tierra del Fuego gold rush]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Moneda Popper 5 Gramos.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> Between 1883 and 1906 Tierra del Fuego experienced a gold rush attracting a large number of Chileans, Argentines and Europeans to the archipelago, including a large number of Dalmatians. The gold rush led to the formation of the first towns in the archipelago and fueled economic growth in Punta Arenas. After the gold rush was over, most gold diggers left the archipelago, while the remaining settlers engaged in sheep farming and fishing. Indigenous Selk'nam populations declined sharply during the rush. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०९, १८ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18883854 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Omowunmi Sadik]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Omowunmi Sadik Speaker at Innovation Day 2010backlit.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Omowunmi "Wunmi" A. Sadik''' (born 19 June 1964) is a Nigerian professor, chemist, and inventor working at Binghamton University. She has developed microelectrode biosensors for detection of drugs and explosives and is working on the development of technologies for recycling metal ions from waste, for use in environmental and industrial applications. In 2012, Sadik co-founded the non-profit Sustainable Nanotechnology Organization. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३७, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18886779 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rosaly Lopes]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rosaly Lopes2.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Rosaly M. C. Lopes''' (born 8 January 1957 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) is a planetary geologist, volcanologist, an author of numerous scientific papers and several books, as well as a proponent of education. Her major research interests are in planetary and terrestrial surface processes with an emphasis on volcanology. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, ४ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18901813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorna Doone]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorna Doone - cover - Project Gutenberg eText 17460.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Lorna Doone: A Romance of Exmoor''''' is a novel by English author Richard Doddridge Blackmore, published in 1869. It is a romance based on a group of historical characters and set in the late 17th century in Devon and Somerset, particularly around the East Lyn Valley area of Exmoor. In 2003, the novel was listed on the BBC's survey The Big Read. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०२, ११ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18901813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Matariki]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:M45 filip.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In the Māori language '''Matariki''' is both the name of the Pleiades star cluster and also of the season of its first rising in late May or early June. This is a marker of the beginning of the new year. Different peoples celebrate Matariki at different times; some when Matariki rises in late May or early June while others observe it at the first full moon or first new moon following the rising of Matariki. Matariki is a shortened version of Ngā mata o te ariki o Tāwhirimātea, or "the eyes of the god Tāwhirimātea", but it is sometimes incorrectly translated as "little eyes". Similar words do occur in most Polynesian languages, deriving from Proto-Polynesian *mataliki, meaning minute, small; the use of the term for the Pleiades constellation is also ancient and has been reconstructed to Eastern Oceanic </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०४, १८ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18938010 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:zh:中国民航296号航班劫机事件]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:ko:중국 민항기 불시착 사건]], [[:en:CAAC Flight 296]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''CAAC Flight 296''', a Hawker Siddeley Trident 2E (B-296), was hijacked while en route from Shenyang Dongta Airport to Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and landed at the US Army base Camp Page in South Korea. The incident marked the first direct negotiations between South Korea and China, which did not have formal relations at the time. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१८, २५ मार्च २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18957515 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:५१, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kitniyot]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Kitniyot''' (Hebrew: קִטְנִיּוֹת‎, qitniyyot) is a Hebrew word meaning legumes. During the Passover holiday, however, the word kitniyot takes on a broader meaning to include grains and seeds such as rice, corn, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, soybeans, peas, and lentils, in addition to legumes. According to Orthodox Ashkenazi and some Sephardic customs, Kitniyot may not be eaten during Passover. Although Reform and Conservative Ashkenazi Judaism currently allow for the consumption of Kitniyot during Passover, long-standing tradition in these and other communities is to abstain from their consumption. According to Torat Eretz Yisrael and Minhagei Eretz Yisrael, any Jew worldwide, regardless of origin, and despite the practice of their forefathers, may eat kitniyot on Passover, for it is a practice rejected as an unnecessary precaution by Halachic authorities as early as the time of its emergence. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२६, १५ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=18973993 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jaflong]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jaflong Sylhet.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jaflong''' is a hill station and tourist destination in the Division of Sylhet, Bangladesh. It is located in Gowainghat Upazila of Sylhet District and situated at the border between Bangladesh and the Indian state of Meghalaya, overshadowed by subtropical mountains and rainforests. Jaflong is known for its stone collections and is home of the Khasi tribe </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:१५, २९ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19015333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Banana flour]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Starr-180106-1562-Prosopis pallida-Waianae Gold kiawe flour for banana muffins-Hawea Pl Olinda-Maui (40290422231).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Banana flour''' is a powder traditionally made of green bananas. Historically, banana flour has been used in Africa and Jamaica as a cheaper alternative to wheat flour. It is now often used as a gluten-free replacement for wheat flours or as a source of resistant starch, which has been promoted by certain dieting trends such as paleo and primal diets and by some recent nutritional research. Banana flour, due to the use of green bananas, has a very mild banana flavor raw, and when cooked, it has an earthy, nonbanana flavor; it also has a texture reminiscent of lighter wheat flours and requires about 25% less volume, making it a good replacement for white and white whole-wheat flour. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, ६ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19015333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Old Sugar Mill of Koloa]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kauai-old-sugar-mill-Koloa-chimney.JPG|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Old Sugar Mill of Kōloa''' was part of the first commercially successful sugarcane plantation in Hawaiʻi, which was founded in Kōloa on the island of Kauai in 1835 by Ladd & Company. This was the beginning of what would become Hawaii's largest industry. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark on December 29, 1962. A stone chimney and foundations remain from 1840. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०४, १३ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19088149 --> == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Tulsi|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Helicopter 66]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:SH-3D Sea King of HS-4 recovers Apollo 11 astronaut on 24 July 1969.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Helicopter 66''' is a United States Navy Sikorsky Sea King helicopter used during the late 1960s for the water recovery of astronauts during the Apollo program. It has been called "one of the most famous, or at least most iconic, helicopters in history", was the subject of a 1969 song by Manuela and was made into a die-cast model by Dinky Toys. In addition to its work in support of NASA, Helicopter 66 also transported the Shah of Iran during his 1973 visit to the aircraft carrier USS Kitty Hawk. Helicopter 66 was delivered to the U.S. Navy in 1967 and formed part of the inventory of U.S. Navy Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Four for the duration of its active life. Among its pilots during this period was Donald S. Jones, who would go on to command the United States Third Fleet. Later re-numbered Helicopter 740, the aircraft crashed in the Pacific Ocean in 1975 during a training exercise. At the time of its crash, it had logged more than 3,200 hours of service. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१४, २० मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19088149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:O Que É Que A Baiana Tem?]]'''<br /><small>([[:pt:O Que É que a Baiana Tem?]]) </small></span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carmen Miranda, Banana da Terra 1939.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''O que é que a baiana tem?''''' is a song composed by Dorival Caymmi in 1939 and recorded by Carmen Miranda. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, ३ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19123976 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Expedition to Lapland]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Carolus Linnaeus by Hendrik Hollander 1853.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Expedition to Lapland''', the northernmost region in Sweden, by Carl Linnaeus in 1732 was an important part of his scientific career. Linnaeus departed from Uppsala and travelled clockwise around the coast of the Gulf of Bothnia over the course of six months, making major inland incursions from Umeå, Luleå and Tornio. His observations became the basis of his book Flora Lapponica (1737) in which Linnaeus’ ideas about nomenclature and classification were first used in a practical way.[2] Linnaeus kept a journal of his expedition which was first published posthumously as an English translation called Lachesis Lapponica: A Tour in Lapland (1811). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५३, १० जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19138058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karin Bergöö Larsson]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Karin-Bergoo.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Karin Larsson, née Bergöö''', (3 October 1859 – 18 February 1928) was a Swedish artist and designer who collaborated with her husband, Carl Larsson, as well as being often depicted in his paintings. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५९, १७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:National Historic Sites of Canada]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''National Historic Sites of Canada''' (French: Lieux historiques nationaux du Canada) are places that have been designated by the federal Minister of the Environment on the advice of the Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada (HSMBC), as being of national historic significance </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०६, २४ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hewing]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Northeim 2005-09-17 Fachwerk-05.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> In woodworking, '''hewing''' is the process of converting a log from its rounded natural form into lumber (timber) with more or less flat surfaces using primarily an axe. It is an ancient method, and before the advent of the industrial-era type of sawmills, it was a standard way of squaring up wooden beams for timber framing. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४४, १ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19152215 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Belgian government in exile]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Hubert Pierlot and Robert Sturges.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Belgian government in London''' (French: Gouvernement belge à Londres, Dutch: Belgische regering in Londen), also known as the Pierlot IV Government, was the government in exile of Belgium between October 1940 and September 1944 during World War II. The government was tripartite, involving ministers from the Catholic, Liberal and Labour Parties. After the invasion of Belgium by Nazi Germany in May 1940, the Belgian government, under Prime Minister Hubert Pierlot, fled first to Bordeaux in France and then to London, where it established itself as the only legitimate representation of Belgium to the Allies. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०४:०७, ८ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19187313 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Philippine space program]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:ABS-3 (Agila-2).jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''space program of the Philippines''' is decentralized and is maintained by various agencies of the Department of Science and Technology (DOST). There is no dedicated space agency to oversee the country's space program and is funded through the National SPACE Development Program by the DOST. Early Philippine initiatives in space technology has been led by private firms although in the recent years the government has played a more active role. The Philippines has been involved in space technology since the 1960s, when the government built an Earth satellite receiving station by the administration of then-President Ferdinand Marcos. It was also during the latter part of this period that a Filipino private firm acquired the country's first satellite, Agila-1 which was launched as an Indonesian satellite. In the 1990s, Mabuhay had Agila 2 launched to space from China. In the 2010s, the Philippine government partnered with the Tohoku and Hokkaido Universities of Japan to launch the first satellite designed by Filipinos, Diwata-1. Diwata-1 is a microsatellite. The government was able to develop and send two more small-scale satellites, Diwata-2 and Maya-1. A centralized space agency has been proposed in the legislature to address funding and management issue faced by the country's space program. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]०१:५०, १५ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19192603 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Free Solo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Free Solo''''' is a 2018 American documentary film about climbing El Capitan in Yosemite. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]०२:१९, २२ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19192603 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sevastopol Naval Base]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:ru:Севастопольская военно-морская база]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Aleksandrovets&Muromets2005Sevastopol.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Sevastopol Naval Base''' (Russian: Севастопольская военно-морская база; Ukrainian: Севастопольська військово-морська база) is a naval base located in Sevastopol, on disputed Crimean peninsula. It is a base of the Russian Navy and the main base of the Black Sea Fleet. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, २९ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chugach State Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parque estatal Chugach, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-22, DD 77.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Chugach State Park''' covers 495,204 acres (2,004 square kilometers) immediately east of the Anchorage Bowl in south-central Alaska. Though primarily in the Municipality of Anchorage, a small portion of the park north of the Eklutna Lake area in the vicinity of Pioneer Peak lies within the Matanuska-Susitna Borough. Established by legislation signed into law on August 6, 1970, by Alaska Governor Keith Miller, this state park was created to provide recreational opportunities, protect the scenic value of the Chugach Mountains and other geographic features, and ensure the safety of the water supply for Anchorage. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२०, ५ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Visby City Wall]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Visby ringmur östra delen norrut.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Visby City Wall''' (Swedish: Visby ringmur, sometimes Visby stadsmur) is a medieval defensive wall surrounding the Swedish town of Visby on the island of Gotland. As the strongest, most extensive, and best preserved medieval city wall in Scandinavia, the wall forms an important and integral part of Visby World Heritage Site. Built in two stages during the 13th and 14th century, approximately 3.44 km (2.14 mi) of its original 3.6 km (2.2 mi) still stands. Of the 29 large and 22 smaller towers, 27 large and 9 small remain. A number of houses that predate the wall were incorporated within it during one of the two phases of construction. During the 18th century, fortifications were added to the wall in several places and some of the towers rebuilt to accommodate cannons. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०५, १२ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19232882 --> == छलफल: मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन == नमस्ते, [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (विविध)#मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन|मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन]]बारे भइरहेको छलफलमा सहभागी भई टिप्पणी राखिदिनु हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:२६, २४ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=741365 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Duesenberg Model A]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:1923 Duesenberg Model A Rubay Touring p1.JPG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Duesenberg Model A''' was the first automobile in series production to have hydraulic brakes and the first automobile in series production in the United States with a straight-eight engine. Officially known as the Duesenberg Straight Eight, the Model A was first shown in late 1920 in New York City. Production was delayed by substantial changes to the design of the car, including a change in the engine valvetrain from horizontal overhead valves to an overhead camshaft; also during this time, the company had moved its headquarters and factory from New Jersey to Indiana. The Model A was manufactured in Indianapolis, Indiana, from 1921 to 1925 by the Duesenberg Automobiles and Motors Company and from 1925 to 1926 at the same factory by the restructured Duesenberg Motor Company. The successors to the company began referring to the car as the Model A when the Model J was introduced. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, २६ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19314058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Gladys Kalema Zikusoka.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka''' (born 8 January 1970) is a Ugandan veterinarian and founder of Conservation Through Public Health, an organisation dedicated to the coexistence of endangered mountain gorillas, other wildlife, humans, and livestock in Africa. She was Uganda's first wildlife veterinary officer and was the star of the BBC documentary, Gladys the African Vet. In 2009 she won the Whitley Gold Award for her conservation work. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19314058 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bat as food]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bats for eating in Laos.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bats are a food''' source for humans in the Pacific Rim and Asia. Bats are consumed in various amounts in Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Guam, and in other Asian and Pacific Rim countries and cultures. In Guam, Mariana fruit bats (Pteropus mariannus) are considered a delicacy, and a flying fox bat species was made endangered due to being hunted there. In addition to being hunted as a food source for humans, bats are also hunted for their skins. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:११, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19346679 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sand-Covered Church]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nordenskirker_Skagen(26).jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Sand-Covered Church''' (Danish: Den Tilsandede Kirke, also translated as The Buried Church, and also known as Old Skagen Church) is the name given to a late 14th-century church dedicated to Saint Lawrence of Rome. It was a brick church of considerable size, located 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) southwest of the town centre of Skagen, Denmark. During the last half of the 18th century the church was partially buried by sand from nearby dunes; the congregation had to dig out the entrance each time a service was to be held. The struggle to keep the church free of sand lasted until 1795, when it was abandoned </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२३, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19362143 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Penal system in China]]'''</span> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''penal system in China''' is mostly composed of an administrative detention system and a judicial incarceration system. As of mid 2015, it is reported prisoners held in prisons managed by Ministry of Justice is 1,649,804, result in a population rate of 118 per 100,000. Detainees in Ministry of Public Security facilities is 650,000 as of 2009, which combined would result in a population rate of 164 per 100,000. China also retained the use of death penalty with the approval right reserved to the Supreme People's Court, and have a system of death penalty with reprieve where the sentence is suspended unless the convicted commit another major crime within two years while detained. There are discussion urging increased use of community correction, and debate are ongoing to have Ministry of Justice oversee administrative detainees as well to prevent police from having too much power. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|32px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०१, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19415526 --> == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christchurch Town Hall]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Christchurch Town Hall''', since 2007 formally known as the Christchurch Town Hall of the Performing Arts, opened in 1972, is Christchurch, New Zealand's premier performing arts centre. It is located in the central city on the banks of the Avon River overlooking Victoria Square, opposite the former location of the demolished Christchurch Convention Centre. Due to significant damage sustained during the February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, it was closed until 2019. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:४८, १४ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19441368 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Garlic production in China]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:2005garlic.PNG|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Garlic production in China''' is significant to the worldwide garlic industry, as China provides 80% of the total world production and is the leading exporter. Following China, other significant garlic producers include India (5% of world production) and Bangladesh (1%). As of 2016, China produced 21 million tonnes annually. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४७, २१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19475547 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:115 Antioch earthquake]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''115 Antioch earthquake''' occurred on 13 December 115 AD. It had an estimated magnitude of 7.5 on the surface wave magnitude scale and an estimated maximum intensity of XI (Extreme) on the Mercalli intensity scale. Antioch and surrounding areas were devastated with a great loss of life and property. It triggered a local tsunami that badly damaged the harbour at Caesarea Maritima. The Roman Emperor Trajan was caught in the earthquake, as was his successor Hadrian. Although the consul Marcus Pedo Vergilianus was killed, they escaped with only slight injuries and later began a program to rebuild the city. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:०५, २८ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19488868 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎ सुरु भयो । म तपाईंलाई कार्यक्रमको लागि हाम्रो अनलाइन सम्पादनथनमा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छु । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो । हामी आशा गर्दछौं कि तपाईं उत्साहित हुनुहुन्छ र यस यात्रामा हामीसँग सामेल हुनुहुनेछ । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०१:०८, १ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19511773 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jigokudani Monkey Park]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:ja:地獄谷野猿公苑]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jigokudani hotspring in Nagano Japan 001.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jigokudani Monkey Park''' is located in Yamanouchi, Nagano Prefecture, Japan. It is part of the Joshinetsu Kogen National Park (locally known as Shigakogen), and is located in the valley of the Yokoyu-River, in the northern part of the prefecture. The name Jigokudani, meaning "Hell's Valley", is due to the steam and boiling water that bubbles out of small crevices in the frozen ground, surrounded by steep cliffs and formidably cold and hostile forests. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:१६, ४ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19488868 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blautopf]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blaubeuren Blautopf 20180804 02.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Blautopf''' (German for Blue pot; "blau" means blue, "Topf" means pot) is a spring that serves as the source of the river Blau in the karst landscape on the Swabian Jura's southern edge, in Southern Germany. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५२, ११ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19523882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Quonset hut]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Quonset.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''Quonset hut''' is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel having a semicircular cross-section. The design was developed in the United States, based on the Nissen hut introduced by the British during World War I. Hundreds of thousands were produced during World War II. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:५७, १८ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19523882 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Electric match]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Exploding E match collage.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> An '''electric match''' is a device that uses an externally applied electric current to ignite a combustible compound. Electric matches can be used in any application where source of heat is needed at a precisely controlled point in time, typically to ignite a propellant or explosive. Examples include airbags, pyrotechnics, and military or commercial explosives. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४७, २५ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fetoscopy]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Intervention par foetoscopie1.png|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Fetoscopy''' is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow surgical access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity. Fetoscopy allows for medical interventions such as a biopsy (tissue sample) or a laser occlusion of abnormal blood vessels (such as chorioangioma) or the treatment of spina bifid. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:३६, २ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:New Brighton Pier]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:New Brighton Pier during the sunset, Christchurch, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> There have been two '''New Brighton Piers''' in New Brighton, New Zealand. The first pier, of wooden construction, opened on 18 January 1894 and was demolished on 12 October 1965. The current concrete pier was opened on 1 November 1997. It is one of the icons of Christchurch. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ००:५७, ९ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19579995 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Topi]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) female.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''topi''' (''Damaliscus lunatus jimela'') is a highly social and fast antelope subspecies of the common tsessebe, a species which belongs to the genus Damaliscus. They are found in the savannas, semi-deserts, and floodplains of sub-Saharan Africa. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:११, १६ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19639518 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2019-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Niassodon]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Niassodon.tif|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Niassodon''''' is an extinct genus of kingoriid dicynodont therapsid known from the Late Permian of Niassa Province, northern Mozambique. It contains a single species, ''Niassodon mfumukasi''. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०२:०८, २३ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19644490 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:German Central Library for the Blind]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Leipzig Deutsche Zentralbuecherei fuer Blinde.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''German Central Library for the Blind''' (German: Deutsche Zentralbücherei für Blinde), abbreviated DZB, is a public library for the visually impaired located in the city of Leipzig, Saxony, Germany. Its collection of 72,300 titles is amongst the largest in the German speaking countries. The institution consists of a lending library, a publishing house, and a research center for barrier-free communication. It also has production facilities for braille books, audiobooks, and braille music. The DZB publishes about 250 new titles annually. Founded in 1894, the DZB is the oldest library for the blind in Germany. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, ३० डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19663331 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Крымский мост (Москва)]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:en:Krymsky Bridge]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Moscow 05-2017 img13 Krymsky Bridge.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Krymsky Bridge''' or Crimean Bridge is a steel suspension bridge in Moscow. The bridge spans the Moskva River 1,800 metres south-west from the Kremlin and carries the Garden Ring across the river. The bridge links the Crimean Square to the north with Krymsky Val street to the south. The nearby Moscow Metro stations are Park Kultury and Oktyabrskaya. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२५, ६ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Genovese sauce]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Genovesesauce.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Genovese sauce''' is a rich, onion-based pasta sauce from the region of Campania, Italy. Likely introduced to Naples from the northern Italian city of Genoa during the Renaissance, it has since become famous in Campania and forgotten elsewhere. The sauce is unusual for the long preparation time used to soften and flavor the onions. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:४१, १३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Patanga succincta]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Patanga succincta (40890841064).jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Patanga succincta''''', the Bombay locust, is a species of locust found in India and southeast Asia. It is usually a solitary insect, and it is only in India that it has exhibited swarming behaviour. The last plague of this locust was in that country between 1901 and 1908 and there have not been any swarms since 1927. It is thought that the behaviour of the insects has altered because of changing practices in agricultural land use. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०१:२१, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC))'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19681808 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == यान्दिक्स ब्राउजरको उनुप्रेषणको बारेमा == यान्दिक्स ब्राउजरमा गरिएको अनुप्रेषण उच्चारण अनुसार गलत छ र त्यसलाई किन गलत शीर्षकका साथ अनुप्रेषण गरियो? [https://translate.yandex.com/?lang=ru-en&text=%D0%AF%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81 प्रमाणका लागि यो सुन्नुहोस् ] [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:३१, ३ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) ::::हजुर, म त यान्डेक्स नै सुन्छु त । [https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eWVKKzkEqfg]] <span style="color:green;">^:)</span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;">^ktm</span> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Flapper]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The flapper - glass slide - 1920.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''The Flapper''''' is a 1920 American silent comedy film starring Olive Thomas. Directed by Alan Crosland, the film was the first in the United States to portray the "flapper" lifestyle, which would become a cultural craze or fad in the 1920s. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:१९, २ मार्च २०२० (+0545)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19803136 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Three Sisters (Alberta)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three Sisters from Police Creek.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Three Sisters''' are a trio of peaks near Canmore, Alberta, Canada. They are known individually as Big Sister, Middle Sister and Little Sister. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, ३० मार्च २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19883477 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cloth facemask]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Coronalijer (Rumag) protective mask, Oude Pekela (2020) 01.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''cloth facemask''' is a mask made of common textiles worn over the mouth and nose. Unlike surgical masks and respirators such as N95 masks, they are not subject to regulation, and there is currently little research or guidance on their effectiveness as a protective measure against infectious disease transmission or particulate air pollution. They were routinely used by healthcare workers from the mid 19th century until the mid 20th century. In the 1960s they fell out of use in the developed world in favor of modern surgical masks, but their use has persisted in developing countries. During the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic, their use in developed countries was revived as a last resort due to shortages of surgical masks and respirators. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०९, १३ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19974415 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:As-Nas]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:گنجفه.jpg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''As-Nas''' (آس ناس) is a card game or type of playing cards that were used in Persia. The design of the packs is simple, consisting of only five individual card designs, each with a distinctive background colour. As-Nas date back to the 17th century, and at that time a 25-card pack was used, with 5 suits, each suit having one court card and four numeral cards. Cards from the 19th century with the classic As-Nas designs can be found in various museum collections. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४४, २० अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19978834 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pour le piano]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Debussy - Sarabande from Pour le piano.ogg|300px|center|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''Pour le piano''''' (For the piano), L. 95, is a suite for solo piano by Claude Debussy. It consists of three individually composed movements, Prélude, Sarabande and Toccata. The suite was completed and published in 1901. It was premiered on 11 January 1902 at the Salle Érard, played by Ricardo Viñes. Maurice Ravel orchestrated the middle movement </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०७, २७ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=19999361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:F. Percy Smith]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Frank Percy Smith''' (12 January 1880–24 March 1945) was a British naturalist and early nature documentary pioneer working for Charles Urban, where he pioneered the use of time-lapse and microcinematography. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १८:११, ४ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20029506 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bernwood Forest]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bernwood Forest - geograph.org.uk - 1730158.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Bernwood Forest''' was one of several forests of the ancient Kingdom of England and was a Royal hunting forest. It is thought to have been set aside as Royal hunting land when the Anglo-Saxon kings had a palace at Brill and church in Oakley, in the 10th century and was a particularly favoured place of Edward the Confessor, who was born in nearby Islip. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, ११ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20029506 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:June Almeida]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''June Dalziel Almeida''' (5 October 1930 – 1 December 2007) was a Scottish virologist, a pioneer in virus imaging, identification and diagnosis. Her skills in electron microscopy earned her an international reputation. (...) She succeeded in identifying viruses that were previously unknown, including—in 1966—a group of viruses that was later named coronavirus. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, १८ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20080268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Siilinjärvi carbonatite]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Siilinjärvi Särkijärvi pit.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Siilinjärvi carbonatite''' complex is located in central Finland close to the city of Kuopio. It is named after the nearby village of Siilinjärvi, located approximately 5 km west of the southern extension of the complex. Siilinjärvi is the second largest carbonatite complex in Finland after the Sokli formation, and one of the oldest carbonatites on Earth at 2610±4 Ma. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२२, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20080268 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Castle of the Pico]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:it:Castello dei Pico]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Castello Pico, Mirandola.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Castle of the Pico''' (in Italian Castello dei Pico) is a castle in the city center of Mirandola, in the province of Modena, Italy. Famous in Europe as a legendary impregnable fortress, it belonged to the House of Pico della Mirandola, who ruled over the city for four centuries (1311-1711) and who enriched it in the Renaissance period with important pieces of art. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२१, १ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20128608 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Garúa]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Reserva Nacional Lomas de Lachay, Huaral, Lima, Perú 01.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Garúa''' is a Spanish word meaning drizzle or mist. Although used in other contexts in the Spanish-speaking world, garúa most importantly refers to the moist cold fog that blankets the coasts of Peru and northern Chile, especially during the southern hemisphere winter. Garúa is called Camanchaca in Chile. Garúa brings mild temperatures and high humidity to a tropical coastal desert. It also provides moisture from fog and mist to a nearly-rainless region and permits the existence of vegetated fog oases, called lomas. While fog and drizzle are common in many coastal areas around the world, the prevalence and persistence of garúa and its impact on climate and the environment make it unique </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३४, ८ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20134234 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Te Araroa Trail]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Te_Araroa_logo_sign.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Te Araroa''' (The Long Pathway) is New Zealand's long distance tramping route, stretching circa 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi) along the length of the country's two main islands from Cape Reinga to Bluff. It is made up of a mixture of older tracks and walkways, new tracks, and link sections alongside roads. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०६, १५ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20170853 --> == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vessel (structure)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Hudson Yards Plaza March 2019 18.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Vessel''' (TKA) is a structure and landmark which was built as part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project in Manhattan, New York City, New York. Construction began in April 2017; it opened on March 15, 2019. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२७, २२ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20199070 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Punt (boat)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Boats on the river Cam.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''punt''' is a flat-bottomed boat with a square-cut bow, designed for use in small rivers or other shallow water. Punting is boating in a punt. The punter generally propels the punt by pushing against the river bed with a pole. A punt should not be confused with a gondola, a shallow draft vessel that is structurally different, and which is propelled by an oar rather than a pole. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:०५, २९ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20201444 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Cobbler]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ben Arthur, Arrochar Alps, Scotland 02.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''The Cobbler''' (Scottish Gaelic: Beinn Artair) is a mountain of 884 metres (2,900 ft) height located near the head of Loch Long in Scotland. Although only a Corbett, it is "one of the most impressive summits in the Southern Highlands" </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५१, ६ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20246150 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:fr:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:nl:Coraline Ada Ehmke]]) ([[:zh:珂若蘭·愛達·安姆琪]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Coraline Ada Ehmke.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Coraline Ada Ehmke''' is a software developer and open source advocate based in Chicago, Illinois. She began her career as a web developer in 1994 and has worked in a variety of industries, including engineering, consulting, education, advertising, healthcare, and software development infrastructure. She is known for her work in Ruby, and in 2016 earned the Ruby Hero award at RailsConf, a conference for Ruby on Rails developers. She is also known for her social justice work and activism, the creation of Contributor Covenant, and promoting the widespread adoption of codes of conduct for open source projects and communities. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५७, १३ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20259959 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amabie]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Higo Amabie.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Amabie''' (アマビエ) is a legendary Japanese mermaid or merman with three legs, who allegedly emerges from the sea and prophesies either an abundant harvest or an epidemic. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०५:५७, २० जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20275748 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning "little ones". It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as "endemic". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:१३, ३ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20316345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Child soldiers in the Democratic Republic of the Congo]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:DRC- Child Soldiers.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> During the first and second civil conflicts which took place in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), all sides involved in the war actively recruited child soldiers, known locally as Kadogos which is a Swahili term meaning "little ones". It has been estimated that the militia led by Thomas Lubanga Dyilo was 30 percent children. In 2011 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups. The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), released a report in 2013 which stated that between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2013 up to 1,000 children had been recruited by armed groups, and described the recruitment of child soldiers as "endemic". </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ११:०९, ३ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20316345 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:HelloFresh]]'''</span><br /><small>''([[:es:HelloFresh]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''HelloFresh''' SE is an international publicly traded meal-kit company based in Berlin, Germany. It is the largest meal-kit provider in the United States, and also has operations in Canada, Western Europe (including Luxembourg, Germany, Belgium, France, and the Netherlands), New Zealand and Australia. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५३, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20351012 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:GRS 1915+105]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Merlin-GRS1915.gif|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''GRS 1915+105''' or V1487 Aquilae is an X-ray binary star system which features a regular star and a black hole. It was discovered on August 15, 1992 by the WATCH all-sky monitor aboard Granat. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५८, १७ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20354098 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trick film]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Chaudron infernal (1903).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> In the early history of cinema, '''trick films''' were short silent films designed to feature innovative special effects </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ३१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20407768 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Margerie Glacier]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Glaciar Margerie, Parque Nacional Bahía del Glaciar, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-19, DD 33.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Margerie Glacier''' is a 21 mi (34 km) long tidewater glacier in Glacier Bay, Alaska, United States within the boundaries of Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve. The glacier begins on the southern slopes of Mount Root, elevation 12,860 feet (3,920 m), on the Alaska–Canada border flowing southeast down the valley, then turning to the northeast toward its terminus in Tarr Inlet. Margerie Glacier is one of the most active and frequently-visited glaciers in Glacier Bay, which was declared a National Monument in 1925, a National Park and Preserve in 1980, a UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve in 1986 and a World Heritage Site in 1992. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20407768 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20433998 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tepexpan man]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tepexpan 1.Homo Sapiens 4,700 Years Old.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Tepexpan Man''' is a Pre-Columbian-era woman skeleton, discovered by archaeologist Helmut de Terra in February 1947, on the shores of the former Lake Texcoco in central Mexico. The skeleton was found near mammoth remains and thought to be at least 10,000 years old. It was fancifully hailed by Time magazine as the oldest Mexican soldier. The skeleton was found lying face down with the arms under the chest and the legs drawn up to the stomach. The body most likely sunk into the mud surrounding it, leaving the shoulder, back, and hips exposed, which might explain why those elements are missing. It is possible that the body was originally deposited in the lake. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १४:५४, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20433998 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cradleboard]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Cradleboard.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Cradleboards''' (Cheyenne: pâhoešestôtse, Northern Sami: gietkka, Skolt Sami: ǩiõtkâm) are traditional protective baby-carriers used by many indigenous cultures in North America and throughout northern Scandinavia amongst the Sámi. There are a variety of styles of cradleboard, reflecting the diverse artisan practises of indigenous cultures. Some indigenous communities in North America still use cradleboards. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २१ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20459445 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as "White Fawn", the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०२, २८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20478024 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-40 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:White Fawn's Devotion]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:White Fawn's Devotion (1910).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''''White Fawn's Devotion: A Play Acted by a Tribe of Red Indians in America''''' is a 1910 American short dramatic silent film. Although a few writers believe the film features Young Deer's wife, Lillian St. Cyr, otherwise known as Princess Red Wing as "White Fawn", the lead woman does not fit St. Cyr's description. The movie was shot in New Jersey at 24fps </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ११:२७, २८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20478024 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Arctic ice pack]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Une partie de l'hémisphère nord de la Terre avec la banquise, nuage, étoile et localisation de la station météo en Alert.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Arctic ice pack''' is the sea ice cover of the Arctic Ocean and its vicinity. The Arctic ice pack undergoes a regular seasonal cycle in which ice melts in spring and summer, reaches a minimum around mid-September, then increases during fall and winter. Summer ice cover in the Arctic is about 50% of winter cover </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, १२ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20489711 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Layshaft]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Gearbox (Autocar Handbook, 13th ed, 1935).jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> A '''layshaft''' is an intermediate shaft within a gearbox that carries gears, but does not transfer the primary drive of the gearbox either in or out of the gearbox. Layshafts are best known through their use in car gearboxes, where they were a ubiquitous part of the rear-wheel drive layout. With the shift to front-wheel drive, the use of layshafts is now rarer. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १९ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20542239 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Daisy (advertisement)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Daisy (1964).webm|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> "'''Daisy'''", sometimes known as "Daisy Girl" or "Peace, Little Girl", was a controversial political advertisement aired on television during the 1964 United States presidential election by incumbent president Lyndon B. Johnson's campaign. Though only officially aired once by the campaign, it is considered to be an important factor in Johnson's landslide victory over Barry Goldwater and an important turning point in political and advertising history. It remains one of the most controversial political advertisements ever made </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:१८, २६ अक्टोबर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20542239 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2019 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation]]'''</span><br /> <small>''([[:zh:中環及灣仔填海計劃]]) ''</small> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central and Wan Chai Reclamation aerial view 2018.jpg|center|300px|]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Central and Wan Chai Reclamation''' is a project launched by the government of Hong Kong since the 1990s to reclaim land for different purposes. This includes transportation improvements such as the Hong Kong MTR Station, Airport Express Railway & Central-Wanchai Bypass, as well as public recreation space such as the Central Harbourfront Event Space, Tamar Park and the Hong Kong Observation Wheel. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, २ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20600348 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2001 Kunlun earthquake]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> The '''2001 Kunlun earthquake''' also known as the 2001 Kokoxili earthquake, occurred on 14 November 2001 at 09:26 UTC (17:26 local time), with an epicenter near Kokoxili, close to the border between Qinghai and Xinjiang in a remote mountainous region. With a magnitude of 7.8 Mw it was the most powerful earthquake in China for 5 decades. No casualties were reported, presumably due to the very low population density and the lack of high-rise buildings. This earthquake was associated with the longest surface rupture ever recorded on land, ~450 km </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५१, ९ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20607800 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:George C. Stoney]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''George Cashel Stoney''' (July 1, 1916 – July 12, 2012) was an American documentary filmmaker, an educator, and the "father of public-access television." Among his films were All My Babies (1953), How the Myth Was Made (1979) and The Uprising of '34 (1995). All My Babies was entered into the National Film Registry in 2002 </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:55, 16 November 2020 (UTC)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20638437 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Acids in wine]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:HomemadeTartaric.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''acids in wine''' are an important component in both winemaking and the finished product of wine. They are present in both grapes and wine, having direct influences on the color, balance and taste of the wine as well as the growth and vitality of yeast during fermentation and protecting the wine from bacteria. During the course of winemaking and in the finished wines, acetic, butyric, lactic and succinic acids can play significant roles. Most of the acids involved with wine are fixed acids with the notable exception of acetic acid, mostly found in vinegar, which is volatile and can contribute to the wine fault known as volatile acidity. Sometimes, additional acids, such as ascorbic, sorbic and sulfurous acids, are used in winemaking. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:४८, २३ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20638437 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ludu Daw Amar]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ludu Daw Amar portrait.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Ludu Daw Amar''' (also Ludu Daw Ah Mar; Burmese: လူထုဒေါ်အမာ, pronounced [lùdṵ dɔ̀ ʔəmà]; 29 November 1915 – 7 April 2008) was a well known and respected leading dissident writer and journalist in Mandalay, Burma. She was married to fellow writer and journalist Ludu U Hla and was the mother of popular writer Nyi Pu Lay. She is best known for her outspoken anti-government views and radical left wing journalism besides her outstanding work on traditional Burmese arts, theatre, dance and music, and several works of translation from English, both fiction and non-fiction. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20716278 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sistema Ox Bel Ha]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Sistema Ox Bel Ha''' (from Mayan meaning "Three Paths of Water"; short Ox Bel Ha) is a cave system in Quintana Roo, Mexico. It is the longest explored underwater cave in the world and ranks fourth including dry caves. As of May 2017 the surveyed length is 270.2 kilometers (167.9 mi) of underwater passages. There are more than 140 cenotes in the system. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३५, ७ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20716278 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Merlion Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Merlion statue, Merlion Park, Singapore - 20110723.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Merlion Park''' is a Singaporean landmark and a major tourist attraction located in the Downtown Core district of Singapore, near its Central Business District (CBD). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20843458 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2020-53 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2020 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Azov-Syvash National Nature Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:О. Куюк-Тук - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Azov-Syvash National Nature Park''' is a national park of Ukraine, located on Byriuchyi island in the northwestern Azov Sea. The park was created to protect the unique coastal environment of the northwestern Azov. It is particularly important as a stop on the flyway for migratory birds, with over a million birds visiting each year. It is located in Henichesk Raion of Kherson Oblast in Ukraine. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४०, २८ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20898361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Waimakariri River]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Waimakariri03 gobeirne.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Waimakariri River''' is one of the largest rivers in Canterbury, on the eastern coast of New Zealand's South Island. It flows for 151 kilometres (94 mi) in a generally southeastward direction from the Southern Alps across the Canterbury Plains to the Pacific Ocean. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४१, ४ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20917158 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Simon von Stampfer]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Simon Stampfer Litho.jpg|300px|center]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Simon Ritter von Stampfer''' (26 October 1792 (according to other sources 1790)), in Windisch-Mattrai, Archbishopric of Salzburg today called Matrei in Osttirol, Tyrol – 10 November 1864 in Vienna) was an Austrian mathematician, surveyor and inventor. His most famous invention is that of the stroboscopic disk which has a claim to be the first device to show moving images. Almost simultaneously similar devices were produced independently in Belgium (the phenakistiskop), and Britain (the Dædaleum, years later to appear as the Zoetrope). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२९, ११ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20931094 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sophia Williams-De Bruyn]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- <span style="text-align:left;> '''Sophia Theresa Williams-de Bruyn''' (born 1938) is a former South African anti-apartheid activist. She was the first recipient of the Women's Award for exceptional national service. She is the last living leader of the Women's March. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, १८ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20974651 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Craigieburn Range]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:View from Foggy Peak to Craigieburn Range, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> The '''Craigieburn Range''' forms part of the Southern Alps in New Zealand's South Island. The range is located on the south banks of the Waimakariri River, south of Arthur's Pass and west of State Highway 73. The Craigieburn locality is adjacent to the Craigieburn Forest Park. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, २५ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=20980516 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> ==[[आनन्द कार्की]] [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्तावित]]== [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|left|link=|48px|]] यो [[आनन्द कार्की]] लेख [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्ताव]] गरिएको छ । किनकि यसले कुनै [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] वा सन्दर्भहरू उल्लेख गर्दैन । [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव#आपत्ति|विकिपिडिया नीति]] अनुरूप, '''[[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी|जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी]]'''ले, यदि सात दिन भित्र कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिन्छ । यदि तपाईंले सिर्जना गर्नुभएको पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र हटाउनेको लागि ट्याग गरिएको छ भने, तपाईं त्यो पृष्ठमा सुधार गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सम्बन्धित वार्ता पृष्ठमा तपाईको तर्क बुझाउन सक्नुहुन्छ । सन्दर्भहरू सम्मिलित गर्न मद्दतको लागि, [[विकिपिडिया:नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने|नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने]], हेर्नुहोस् । एक पटक तपाईंले कम्तीमा एक [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] प्रदान गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईँले {{tl|prod blp/dated}} ट्याग हटाउन सक्नुहुनेछ । '''कम्तिमा एक विश्वसनीय स्रोत प्रदान नभएसम्म, कृपया, ट्याग नहटाउनु होला ।''' यदि सात दिन भित्र तपाईँले कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिनेछ । तर तपाइँ एक स्रोत थप्न तयार हुनुहुन्छ भने, {{#ifexist:आनन्द कार्की|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ|[[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]}} ।<!-- Template:ProdwarningBLP --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १३:४०, २७ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karoly Grosz (illustrator)]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frankenstein (1931) by Karoly Grosz - detail from teaser poster.jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Karoly Grosz''' (1896–after 1938) was a Hungarian–American illustrator of Classical Hollywood–era film posters. As art director at Universal Pictures for the bulk of the 1930s, Grosz oversaw the company's advertising campaigns and contributed hundreds of his own illustrations. He is especially recognized for his dramatic, colorful posters for classic horror films. Grosz's best-known posters advertised early Universal Classic Monsters films such as Dracula (1931), Frankenstein (1931), The Mummy (1932), The Invisible Man (1933), and Bride of Frankenstein (1935). Beyond the horror genre, his other notable designs include posters for the epic war film All Quiet on the Western Front (1930) and the screwball comedy My Man Godfrey (1936). </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३२, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21032280 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zambezi National Park]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Victoria Falls 2012 05 24 1629 (7421900826).jpg|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Zambezi National Park''' is a national park located upstream from Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River in Zimbabwe. It was split off from Victoria Falls National Park in 1979 and is 56,000 hectares (140,000 acres) in size. The park is bisected by a road to Kazungula, dividing it into a riverine side and a Chamabonda Vlei side. Most of the park is within the ecoregion of Zambezian and Mopane woodlands, while a small portion in the south is within the Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३३, ८ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21054980 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Princes Road Synagogue]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Synagogue of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation - geograph.org.uk - 1703408 crop.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Princes Road Synagogue''', located in Toxteth, Liverpool in England, is the home of the Liverpool Old Hebrew Congregation. It was founded in the late 1860s, designed by William James Audsley and George Ashdown Audsley and consecrated on 2 September 1874. It is widely regarded as the finest example of the Moorish Revival style of synagogue architecture in Great Britain </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, २२ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21110460 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; padding:2px;" ! <div style="margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding-left:0.4em; padding-top: 0.4em; padding-bottom: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; font-weight:normal;text-align:left;"> <div style="text-align:center;"> The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <span style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]]'''</span><br /> Please be bold and help to translation this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bust Of Jatindra Mohan Sengupta in JM Sen hall crop.JPG|center|300px]] <span style="text-align:left;> '''Jatindra Mohan Sengupta''' (1885 – 1933) was an Indian revolutionary against the British rule. He studied law at Downing College, Cambridge, UK. In India, he started a legal practice. He also joined in Indian politics, becoming a member of the Indian National Congress and participating in the Non-Cooperation Movement. Eventually, he gave up his legal practice in favour of his political commitment. He was arrested several times by the British police. In 1933, he died in a prison in Ranchi, India. Because of his popularity and contribution to the Indian freedom movement, Jatindra Mohan Sengupta is affectionately remembered by people of Bengal with the honorific Deshpriya or Deshapriya, meaning "beloved of the country". In many criminal cases he defended the nationalist revolutionaries in the court and saved them from the gallows. In 1985, a postal stamp was issued by the Indian Government in memory of Sengupta and his wife, Nellie. </span> <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21139410 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Eukaryotic translation]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Eukaryotic Translation Initiation.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Eukaryotic translation''' is the biological process by which messenger RNA is translated into proteins in eukaryotes. It consists of four phases: initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, ८ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21139410 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hotel National, Moscow]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Hotel National Moscow.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Hotel National, Moscow''' (Russian: гости́ница «Националь») is a five-star hotel in Moscow, Russia, opened in 1903. It has 202 bedrooms and 56 suites and is located on Manege Square, directly across from The Kremlin. The hotel is managed by The Luxury Collection, a division of Marriott International. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, १५ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21210312 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kefermarkt altarpiece]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Kefermarkt Kirche Flügelaltar Schrein 01.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kefermarkt altarpiece''' (German: Kefermarkter Flügelaltar) is an altarpiece in Late Gothic style in the parish church in Kefermarkt, Upper Austria. It was commissioned by the knight Christoph von Zellking and is estimated as finished in 1497. The richly decorated wooden altarpiece depicts the saints Peter, Wolfgang and Christopher in its central section. The side panels depict scenes from the life of Mary, and the altarpiece also has an intricate superstructure and two side figures showing saints George and Florian. The identity of its maker is unknown, but at least two skilled sculptors appear to have created the main statuary of the altarpiece. Throughout the centuries, the altarpiece has been altered and lost its original paint and gilding. A major restoration was made in the 19th century under the leadership of writer Adalbert Stifter. The altarpiece has been described as "one of the greatest achievements in late-medieval sculpture in the German-speaking area." <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, २२ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21239074 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jharia coalfield]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Jharia coalfield, Jharkhand.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jharia coalfield''' is the largest coal reserve in India having an estimated reserve of 19.4 billion tonnes of coking coal. The field is located in the east of India in Jharia, Jharkhand. The fields have suffered a coal bed fire since at least 1916, resulting in 37 millions tons of coal consumed by the fire, and significant ground subsidence and water and air pollution in local communities including the city of Jharia. The resulting pollution has led to a government agency designated for moving local populations, however, little progress has been made in the relocation. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, २९ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21246220 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mammoth central]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:A Mammoth Hunt.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mammoth central''' is a paleontological site on the grounds of the Santa Lucía Airport in the state of Mexico, Mexico which contains the remains of at least 200 Columbian mammoths as well as 25 camels and five horses. The site is the world's largest concentration of mammoth remains; the previous was the Mammoth Site of Hot Springs in South Dakota with only 61 individuals. Human tools and carved bones have also been discovered at the site, suggesting that humans utilized the site to trap and kill large mammals. More fossils continue to be found at the site. The dig will end in 2022, when the airport's construction is projected to conclude. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:33, ०७:३०, १२ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21319298 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:Palo Alto Baylands January 2013 002.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Palo Alto Baylands Nature Preserve''', known officially as the Baylands Nature Preserve, is the largest tract of undisturbed marshland remaining in the San Francisco Bay. Fifteen miles of multi-use trails provide access to a unique mixture of tidal and fresh water habitats. The preserve encompasses 1,940 acres in both Palo Alto and East Palo Alto, and is owned by the city of Palo Alto, California, United States <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१२, १९ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21356077 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Metropolitan Waterworks Museum]]'''</div> Please be bold and help to translation this article! ---- [[File:High Service Pumping Station, Chestnut Hill, Sudbury Aqueduct.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Waterworks Museum''' is a museum in the Che]stnut Hill Waterworks building, originally a high-service pumping station of the Boston Metropolitan Waterworks <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:३०, २६ अप्रिल २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21376318 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sarah E. Goode]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sarah E Goode.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sarah Elisabeth Goode''' (1850 – April 8, 1905) was an inventor. She was the second known African-American woman to receive the MOST, a United States patent, which she received in 1885. The first known African-American woman to receive a patent was Judy W. Reed on September 23, 1884, but Reed only signed her patent with her mark (an X) and not her signature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०७, १० मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21420930 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zuzu Angel]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zuzu Angel durante o lançamento de sua coleção em Nova York, 1972.tif|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zuleika Angel Jones''' (June 5, 1921 – April 14, 1976), better known as Zuzu Angel, was a Brazilian-American fashion designer, who became famous for opposing the Brazilian military dictatorship after the forced disappearance of her son, Stuart. She was also the mother of journalist Hildegard Angel. In 2014, the National Truth Commission created to gather and review information about crimes committed during the years of the CIA and U.S. government-backed Brazilian military dictatorship, a former agent of the military repression named Cláudio Antônio Guerra, confirmed the participation of agents of the security apparatus in the death of Angel. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५५, १७ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21420930 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Blue space]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Downtown Green Bay CityDeck along the Fox River.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Blue space''' in urban planning and design comprises all the areas dominated by surface waterbodies or watercourses. In conjunction with greenspace (parks, gardens, etc. specifically: urban open space), it may help in reducing the risks of heat-related illness from high urban temperatures. Substantial urban waterbodies naturally exist as integral features of the geography of many cities because of their historical geopolitical significance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१६, २४ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21481888 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Breakthrough infection]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''breakthrough infection''' is a case of illness in which a vaccinated individual becomes sick from the same illness that the vaccine is meant to prevent. Simply, they occur when vaccines fail to provide immunity against the pathogen they are designed to target. In April 2021, the CDC reported that in the United States there were 5,814 COVID-19 breakthrough infections, and 74 deaths, among the more than 75 million people fully vaccinated for the COVID-19 virus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१३, ७ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21481888 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tutankhamun's trumpets]]'''</div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Silver trumpet from Tutankhamun's tomb.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tutankhamun's trumpets''' are a pair of trumpets found in the burial chamber of the Eighteenth Dynasty Pharaoh Tutankhamun. The trumpets, one of sterling silver and one of bronze or copper, are considered to be the oldest operational trumpets in the world, and the only known surviving examples from ancient Egypt. The trumpets were found in 1922 by Howard Carter during the excavation of Tutankhamun's tomb. The bronze trumpet was discovered in the tomb's antechamber in a large chest containing various military objects and walking sticks. The silver trumpet was subsequently found in the burial chamber. Both are finely engraved, with decorative images of the gods Ra-Horakhty, Ptah and Amun. The silver trumpet's bell is engraved with a whorl of sepals and calices representing a lotus flower, and the praenomen and nomen of the king. The bronze trumpet may in fact be made of copper; the metal has not yet been analysed. Similar looking trumpets feature in Egyptian wall-paintings that are usually, though not always, associated with military scenes. Silent for over 3,000 years, the trumpets were sounded before a live audience of an estimated 150 million listeners through an international BBC broadcast aired on 16 April 1939. The trumpets were played by a bandsman, James Tappern of Prince Albert's Own 11th Royal Hussars regiment. The recording was recently featured, and can be heard on the BBC Radio 4 program Ghost Music. Rex Keating, who presented the 1939 broadcast, later claimed that during a rehearsal, the silver trumpet shattered, and Alfred Lucas, a member of Carter's team who had restored the finds, was so distressed he needed to go to hospital. Due to their fragility, it is unlikely the trumpets will be played again in any official musical reconstructions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २१ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21601956 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sumidouro State Park]]'''<br /><small>''([[:pt:Parque Estadual do Sumidouro]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Texturas da Gruta da Lapinha.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sumidouro State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual do Sumidouro) is a state park in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The remains of the first human inhabitants of Brazil were found in the park area in the early 19th century, along with bones of now-extinct megafauna. The main attraction is the Gruta da Lapinha, a large limestone cave. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१२, २८ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21601956 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Justus Ier]]'''<br /><small>''([[:en:Justus of Jerusalem]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Justus I''' was a 2nd-century Jewish Christian leader, third bishop of Jerusalem, supposedly tied to the family of Jesus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५७, ५ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21653910 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:El Palo Alto]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:El-palo-alto-tree-california.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''El Palo Alto''' (Spanish for 'the tall pole' or 'post') is a coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) located in El Palo Alto Park on the banks of San Francisquito Creek in Palo Alto, California, United States. It is famous for its historical significance and as the namesake of the city of Palo Alto. As of July 2016, El Palo Alto is currently 110 feet (33.5 meters) in height, down from 162.2 feet (49.4 meters) in 1814. Its top progressively died from 1865 to 1955 from lowering of the water table so that its roots could no longer reach sustenance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३७, १२ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21702842 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sèvres Egyptian Service]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plate showing statues of Amenhotep III at Luxor, Egypt. Commissioned by Napoleon as a present to Josephine but she rejected it. From France. The Victoria and Albert Museum, London.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sèvres Egyptian Service''' is a name used for two sets of tableware made by the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres during the First French Empire. The first was produced between 1804 and 1806 for Napoleon I and was presented by him to Alexander I of Russia in 1808, as a diplomatic gift following the Treaties of Tilsit. It is now held in the State Museum of Ceramics in Russia. The second set was produced between 1810 and 1812. It was intended as a gift from Napoleon to Empress Joséphine. The service consisted of 72 plates with the wells depicting scenes from Egypt based on sketches made by Vivant Denon. Joséphine refused to accept the service, which she described as "too severe". It was returned to the factory and given as a gift to the Duke of Wellington by Louis XVIII in 1818, following the Bourbon Restoration. The service was purchased by the Victoria and Albert Museum in 1979 and, except for one plate, was loaned to English Heritage to display at Apsley House, London, the former residence of the first duke. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, १९ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21719762 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:La plus que lente]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:La Plus Que Lente (edit).ogg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''La plus que lente''''', L. 121 is a waltz for solo piano written by Claude Debussy in 1910, shortly after his publication of the Préludes, Book I <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, २६ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21757255 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abstract photography]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas .jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Abstract photography''', sometimes called non-objective, experimental or conceptual photography, is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials. An abstract photograph may isolate a fragment of a natural scene in order to remove its inherent context from the viewer, it may be purposely staged to create a seemingly unreal appearance from real objects, or it may involve the use of color, light, shadow, texture, shape and/or form to convey a feeling, sensation or impression. The image may be produced using traditional photographic equipment like a camera, darkroom or computer, or it may be created without using a camera by directly manipulating film, paper or other photographic media, including digital presentations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१३, २ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21796451 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipède.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Michaux-Perreaux steam velocipede''' was a steam powered velocipede made in France sometime from 1867 to 1871, when a small Louis-Guillaume Perreaux commercial steam engine was attached to a Pierre Michaux manufactured iron framed pedal bicycle. It is one of three motorcycles claimed to be the first motorcycle, along with the Roper steam velocipede of 1867 or 1868, and the internal combustion engine Daimler Reitwagen of 1885. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१४, ९ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21796451 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:zh:祝融号火星车]]'''<br /><small>''([[:en:Zhurong (rover)]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Mars Global Remote Sensing Orbiter and Small Rover at IAC Bremen 2018 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zhurong''' (Chinese: 祝融; pinyin: Zhùróng) is China's first Mars rover, which formed part of the Chinese Tianwen 1 mission to Mars. It landed on May 14, 2021, to make China the second country to successfully soft land on Mars and establish communications from the Martian surface, after the United States. Zhurong was successfully deployed on 22 May 2021, 02:40 UTC <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:५१, १६ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21857549 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luna Park (Coney Island, 1903)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Night in Luna Park, Coney Island (1905).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Luna Park''' was an amusement park in Coney Island, Brooklyn, New York City. Luna Park was located on a site bounded by Surf Avenue to the south, West 8th Street to the east, Neptune Avenue to the north, and West 12th Street to the west. Luna Park opened in 1903 and operated until 1944. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, २३ अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21914746 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Philippines)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PH flags near ccp.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Filipino: Araw ng Kasarinlán; also known as Araw ng Kalayaan, "Day of Freedom") is an annual national holiday in the Philippines observed on June 12, commemorating the declaration of Philippine independence from Spain in 1898. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५३, ३० अगस्ट २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21948194 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Flyby (spaceflight)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PIA22316 MarCO InSight.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''flyby''' (/ˈflaɪˌbaɪ/) is a spaceflight operation in which a spacecraft passes in proximity to another body, usually a target of its space exploration mission and/or a source of a gravity assist to impel it towards another target <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, ६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=21969329 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award]]'''<br /><small>''([[:ko:황연대 성취상]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award''' is named after South Korean Dr. Whang Youn Dai, who contracted polio at the age of three. She devoted her life to the development of paralympic sport in Korea and around the world. At the 1988 Paralympic Summer Games in Seoul, Korea, the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) recognized her lifelong contributions to the Paralympic Movement and established the Whang Youn Dai Achievement Award (formerly the Whang Youn Dai Overcome Prize). Since then, this award has been presented at every Paralympic Games to one male and one female athlete who each "best exemplify the spirit of the Games and inspire and excite the world". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:४०, १३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22004646 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Behavior-altering parasite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Succinea mit Leucocholoridium.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Behavior-altering parasites''' are parasites with two or more hosts, capable of causing changes in the behavior of one of their hosts to enhance their transmission, sometimes directly affecting the hosts' decision-making and behavior control mechanisms. They do this by making the intermediate host, where they may reproduce asexually, more likely to be eaten by a predator at a higher trophic level which becomes the definitive host where the parasite reproduces sexually. Examples can be found in bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and animals. Parasites may also alter the host behaviour to increase the protection to the parasites or their offspring. The term bodyguard manipulation is used for such mechanisms. Among the behavioral changes caused by parasites is carelessness, making their hosts easier prey. The protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, for example, infects small rodents and causes them to become careless and may even cause them to become attracted to the smell of feline urine, both of which increase their risk of predation and the parasite's chance of infecting a cat, its definitive host. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४७, २७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22066226 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:18.novembra svinīgie pasākumi (30966699131).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia''' is celebrated annually on 18 November. It marks the anniversary of the Proclamation of Independence of Latvia by the People's Council of Latvia in 1918. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:४९, ११ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22160753 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Juice jacking]]'''<br /><small>''([[:fr:Juice jacking]]) ([[:de:Juice jacking]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Juice jacking''' is a type of cyber attack involving a charging port that doubles as a data connection, typically over USB. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, १८ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22187362 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cape Kidnappers]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Cape Kidnappers, New Zealand.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cape Kidnappers''' / Te Kauwae-a-Māui is a headland at the southeastern extremity of Hawke's Bay on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island and sits at the end of an 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) peninsula which protrudes into the Pacific Ocean. It is 20 kilometres (12 mi) south-east of the city of Napier. Access to the Cape by road stops at Clifton, which is the departure point for many tourists. The Cape Kidnappers Golf Course lies between the headland and the nearby coastal community of Te Awanga. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, २५ अक्टोबर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22229282 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Islamic ornament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Abu 'Inaniya.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Islamic ornament''' is the use of decorative patterns in Islamic art. They can be broadly divided into the arabesque, using curving plant-based elements, geometric patterns with straight lines or regular curves, and calligraphy, consisting of religious texts with stylised appearance, used both decoratively and to convey meaning. All three often involve elaborate interlacing. The three types of ornament are often used together. Islamic decoration has had a significant influence on European decorative artforms, especially as Western arabesque. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, १ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22272778 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Southern Crab Nebula]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:The Crab of the Southern Sky Hen 2-104.tif|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Southern Crab Nebula''' (or WRAY-16-47 or Hen 2-104) is a nebula in the constellation Centaurus. The nebula is several thousand light years from Earth, and its central star is a symbiotic Mira variable - white dwarf pair. It is named for its resemblance to the Crab Nebula, which is in the northern sky. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५८, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22282200 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Netto Question]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Questão Netto 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Netto Question''' (Portuguese: Questão Netto) was the largest collective action for the liberation of slaves in the Americas. The lawsuit is related to the liberation of 217 slaves in Brazilian lands in the 1870s. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५३, १५ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22333164 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casa Grande del Pueblo]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plaza Murillo .jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Casa Grande del Pueblo''' (English: Great House of the People), is the Bolivian presidential residence that replaced the Palacio Quemado in 2018. Inaugurated on 9 August 2018 during the presidency of Evo Morales as the official residence of the President of Bolivia, the interim government of Jeanine Áñez reverted to occupying the Palacio Quemado from 2019 to 2020. Following the inauguration of Luis Arce on 8 November 2020, it has again become the residence of the president. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१९, २२ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22360705 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:William Morrison (chemist)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Arntz and Morrison 1890.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''William Morrison''' (23 August 1855 – 29 August 1927) was a Scottish chemist. His background in chemistry piqued his interest in improving storage batteries. He concentrated on how to produce the most available energy for a unit of weight for efficiency in the working of an individual battery cell. Eventually, he developed storage batteries far more powerful than what had then been available. To demonstrate his batteries, Morrison installed 24 of them on a common horse-drawn carriage and attached an electric motor to the rear axle to be powered by them. Through various innovations, he developed the controls for the power used and the vehicle's steering so that the driver had complete control. Morrison invented the first practical self-powered four-wheeled electric carriage in the United States. His electric vehicle was the first to be driven in Chicago and in his hometown of Des Moines, Iowa. This electric horseless buggy of the late 19th century helped pave the way for the hybrid electric automobile of the 21st century. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३९, २९ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22383453 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Madagascar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Maki.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The composition of '''Madagascar's wildlife''' reflects the fact that the island has been isolated for about 88 million years. The prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana separated the Madagascar-Antarctica-India landmass from the Africa-South America landmass around 135 million years ago. Madagascar later split from India about 88 million years ago, allowing plants and animals on the island to evolve in relative isolation. As a result of the island's long isolation from neighboring continents, Madagascar is home to an abundance of plants and animals found nowhere else on Earth. Approximately 90 percent of all plant and animal species found in Madagascar are endemic, including the lemurs (a type of strepsirrhine primate), the carnivorous fossa and many birds. This distinctive ecology has led some ecologists to refer to Madagascar as the "eighth continent", and the island has been classified by Conservation International as a biodiversity hotspot. As recent as 2021, the "smallest reptile on earth" was also found in Madagascar, known as the Brookesia nana, or nano-chameleon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५८, ६ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22394149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Phromnia rosea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Flatid leaf bugs and nymphs (Phromnia rosea).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Phromnia rosea''''', the flower-spike bug or the flatid leaf bug, is a species of planthopper in the family Flatidae. It is found in dry, tropical forests in Madagascar, and the adult insects are gregarious, the groups orienting themselves in such a way that they resemble a flower spike <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२९, १३ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22394149 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Great Meadow National Nature Park]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Velykyi Luh.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Great Meadow National Nature Park''' (Ukrainian: Великий Луг (національний природний парк)) (also, Velykyi Luh) covers historic steppe terrain in southeast Ukraine. It is on the south bank of the Dnieper River's Kakhovka Reservoir, which was created by the Dnieper Hydroelectric Station. The meadows and reed beds on the shore support one of the largest transmigration spots for birds in Eastern Europe <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:००, २० डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22450595 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2021-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Luís Gama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Luiz Gama by Raul Pompeia 1882.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Luís Gonzaga Pinto da Gama''' (Salvador, June 21, 1830 – São Paulo, August 24, 1882) was a Brazilian Rábula (self-taught lawyer), abolitionist, orator, journalist and writer, and the Patron of the Abolition of Slavery in Brazil. Born to a free black mother and a white father, he was nevertheless made a slave at the age of 10, and remained illiterate until the age of 17. He judicially won his own freedom and began to work as a lawyer on behalf of the captives, and by the age of 29 he was already an established author and considered "the greatest abolitionist in Brazil". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२६, २७ डिसेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22472971 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-01 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2021 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas tree production]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Christmas tree farm East Lansing MI check for pine shoot beetles.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas tree production''' occurs worldwide on Christmas tree farms, in artificial tree factories and from native strands of pine and fir trees. Christmas trees, pine and fir trees purposely grown for use as a Christmas tree, are grown on plantations in many western nations, including Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States. In Australia, the industry is relatively new, and nations such as the United States, Germany and Canada are among world leaders in annual production. Great Britain consumes about 8 million trees annually, while in the United States between 35 and 40 million trees are sold during the Christmas season. Artificial Christmas trees are mostly produced in the Pearl River delta area of China. Christmas tree prices were described using a Hotelling-Faustmann model in 2001, the study showed that Christmas tree pr <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १७:२७, ३ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22519540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lobster War]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Conflit de la langouste entre la France et le Brésil]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Brazilian Boeing B-17 flies over the French destroyer Tartu (D636) during the 1963 Lobster War.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''The Lobster War''' (also known as the Lobster Operation; Portuguese: Guerra da Lagosta; French: Conflit de la langouste) was a dispute over spiny lobsters which occurred from 1961 to 1963 between Brazil and France. The Brazilian government refused to allow French fishing vessels to catch spiny lobsters 100 miles (160 km) off the Brazilian northeast coast, arguing that lobsters "crawl along the continental shelf", while the French maintained that "lobsters swim" and that, therefore, they might be caught by any fishing vessel from any country. The dispute was resolved unilaterally by Brazil, which extended its territorial waters to a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) zone, taking in the disputed lobsters' bed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, १० जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22519540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Henry Adams Thompson]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Henry A. Thompson.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Henry Adams Thompson''' (March 23, 1837 – July 8, 1920) was an American prohibitionist and professor who was the vice-presidential nominee of the Prohibition Party in 1880. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५४, १७ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22614498 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Koz Castle]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Kozkalesi.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Koz Castle''' (Turkish: Koz Kalesi), or Kürşat Castle is a castle in the Altınözü district of the Hatay Province of Turkey. It has been involved in the Crusades in the 12th and 13th century. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, २४ जनवरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22621333 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Log bucking]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bucker2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bucking''' is the process of cutting a felled and delimbed tree into logs. Significant value can be lost by sub-optimal bucking because logs destined for plywood, lumber, and pulp each have their own value and specifications for length, diameter, and defects. Cutting from the top down is overbucking and from the bottom up is underbucking. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:११, ७ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22758274 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bidriware]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bidriware Hookah.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bidriware''' is a metal handicraft from Bidar, India. It was developed in the 14th century C.E. during the rule of the Bahamani Sultans. The term "bidriware" originates from the township of Bidar, which is still the chief centre for the manufacture of the unique metalware. Due to its striking inlay artwork, bidriware is an important export handicraft of India and is prized as a symbol of wealth. The metal used is a blackened alloy of zinc and copper inlaid with thin sheets of pure silver. This native art form has obtained Geographical Indications (GI) registry. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२८, १४ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:Loktak Folklore Museum]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mni:ꯂꯣꯛꯇꯥꯛ ꯈꯨꯟꯅꯨꯡ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:LOKTAK FOLKLORE MUSEUM.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Loktak Folklore Museum''' or the Thanga Folklore Museum is a folk museum in Thanga Island in the Loktak lake of Manipur. It cares for and displays a collection of artistic, cultural and historical artefacts associated with the Loktak lake. The museum preserves the folk customs and beliefs, folk medicines, folk literature associated with the Loktak lake. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Naghsh-e rostam, Irán, 2016-09-24, DD 12.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Shapur I's victory relief at Naqsh-e Rostam''' is located 3 kilometers north of Persepolis. It is the most impressive of eight Sasanian rock carvings cut into the cliff beneath the tombs of their Achaemenid predecessors <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:१२, २८ फेब्रुअरी २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22779496 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Day of the National Flag (Ukraine)]]'''<br /><small>''([[:uk:День Державного Прапора України]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Flag of Ukraine.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> August 23 every year since 2004 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, ७ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22918026 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hermila Galindo]]'''<br /><small>''([[:es:Hermila Galindo]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Portrait of Hermila Galindo.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Hermila Galindo Acosta''' (also known as Hermila Galindo de Topete) (2 June 1886 – 18 August 1954) was a Mexican feminist and a writer. She was an early supporter of many radical feminist issues, primarily sex education in schools, women's suffrage, and divorce. She was one of the first feminists to state that Catholicism in Mexico was thwarting feminist efforts, and was the first woman to run for elected office in Mexico. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०८, १४ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=22964474 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Farn-Sasan]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Bronze coin of Farn-Sasan.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Farn-Sasan''' was the last king of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom, ruling the region of Sakastan approximately from 210 to 226. Literary sources makes no mention of him, and he is only known through the coins he issued. He was defeated in 226 by the Sasanian ruler Ardashir I (r. 224–242), which marked the end of Indo-Parthian rule. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:१४, २१ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23020670 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Dummy tank]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Inflatable dummy weapons - NARA - 292565.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Dummy tanks''' superficially resemble real tanks and are often deployed as a means of military deception in the absence of real tanks. Early designs included wooden shells and inflatable props that could fool enemy intelligence; they were fragile and only believable from a distance. Modern designs are more advanced and can imitate heat signatures, making them more effective illusions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, २८ मार्च २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23058505 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ankarana Reserve]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Tsingy Ankarana Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ankarana Special Reserve''' in northern Madagascar was created in 1956. It is a small, partially vegetated plateau composed of 150-million-year-old middle Jurassic limestone <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, ११ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23120296 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gwoździec Synagogue]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Synagoga w Gwoźdźcu]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Warszawa - synagoga z Gwoźdźca 2.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''synagogue''' was erected around 1650 in Gwoździec (Ukrainian: Гвіздець - Hvizdets), then in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, today in the Kolomyia Raion, Ukraine. The building was seriously damaged in a fire during World War I. It was rebuilt in the interwar period, but destroyed completely by the Germans in 1941 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, १८ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23159940 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:School of the Air]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:SchooloftheAir.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''School of the Air''' is a generic term for correspondence schools catering for the primary and early secondary education of children in remote and outback Australia where some or all classes were historically conducted by radio, although this is now replaced by telephone and internet technology. In these areas, the school-age population is too small for a conventional school to be viable. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२२, २५ अप्रिल २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23192890 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:K-ration]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:KRation Breakfast.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''K-ration''' was an individual daily combat food ration which was introduced by the United States Army during World War II. It was originally intended as an individually packaged daily ration for issue to airborne troops, tank crews, motorcycle couriers, and other mobile forces for short durations. The K-ration provided three separately boxed meal units: Breakfast, Dinner, and Supper. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 01:24, ०९:४९, २ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cyrus the Great Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:7aban1394.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cyrus the Great Day''' (Persian: روز کوروش بزرگ, romanized: ruz-e kuroš-e bozorg) is an unofficial Iranian holiday that takes place on the seventh day of Aban, the eighth month of the Solar Hijri calendar (October 29th on the Gregorian calendar), to commemorate Cyrus the Great, the founder of the ancient Achaemenid Persian Empire. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४६, ९ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lift Every Voice and Sing]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Lift Every Voice and Sing - U.S. Navy Band Southwest, Jacksonville, Fla.opus|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''''Lift Every Voice and Sing'''''" – often referred to as the Black national anthem in the United States – is a hymn with lyrics by James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) and set to music by his brother, J. Rosamond Johnson (1873–1954), for the anniversary of President Abraham Lincoln's birthday in 1900 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, १६ मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23227238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zangbeto]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zangbeto.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zangbeto''' are the traditional voodoo guardians of the night among the Ogu or Egun people of Benin, Togo and Nigeria. A traditional police and security institution, the Zangbeto cult is charged with the maintenance of law and order, and ensures safety and security within Ogu communities <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, ३० मे २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23338388 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trabala vishnou]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Trabala vishnou (Walker, 1855) Rose Myrtle Lappet Moth female Lasiocampidae (16076304697).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trabala vishnou''', the rose-myrtle lappet moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. It is found in south-east Asia, including Pakistan, India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Java, China, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam and Indonesia. Four subspecies are recognized. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, ६ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23366994 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tirumala septentrionis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Dark blue tiger (Tirumala septentrionis dravidarum).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tirumala septentrionis''', the dark blue tiger, is a danaid butterfly found in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, १३ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23389957 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Statehood Day (Slovenia)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sl:Dan državnosti]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Statehood Day''' (Slovene: Dan državnosti) is a holiday that occurs on every 25 June in Slovenia to commemorate the country's declaration of independence from Yugoslavia in 1991. Although the formal declaration of independence did not come until 26 June 1991, Statehood Day is considered to be 25 June since that was the date on which the initial acts regarding independence were passed and Slovenia became independent <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:१७, २० जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23396992 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roll Out Solar Array]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:View of the ISS taken during Crew-2 flyaround (ISS066-E-080651).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Roll Out Solar Array''' (ROSA) and its larger version ISS Roll Out Solar Array (iROSA) are lightweight, flexible power sources designed by NASA to be deployed and used in space. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०९, २७ जुन २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23436479 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Road Goes Ever On (song)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Hobbiton, New Zealand.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''The Road Goes Ever On'''" is a title that encompasses several walking songs that J. R. R. Tolkien wrote for his Middle-earth legendarium. Within the stories, the original song was composed by Bilbo Baggins and recorded in The Hobbit. Different versions of it also appear in The Lord of the Rings, along with some similar walking songs. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:३६, ४ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23473250 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-28 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Everard Calthrop]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Everard Richard Calthrop''' (3 March 1857 – 30 March 1927) was a British railway engineer and inventor. Calthrop was a notable promoter and builder of narrow-gauge railways, especially of 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) narrow gauge, and was especially prominent in India. His most notable achievement was the Barsi Light Railway, but he is best known in his home country for the Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway. Calthrop has been described as a "railway genius. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, ११ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Horodkivka Catholic Church RB.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Church of St. Clare, Horodkivka''' is a Roman Catholic religious building and an architectural monument of local importance in the village of Horodkivka (alternative spelling Gorodkivka), Andrushivka Raion, Zhytomyr region, Ukraine. Horodkivka was called Khalaimgorodok before 1946 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, १८ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sack of Shamakhi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:تاراج شماخی]]) ''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Sack of Shamakhi''' took place on 18 August 1721, when rebellious Sunni Lezgins, within the declining Safavid Empire, attacked the capital of Shirvan province, Shamakhi (in present-day Azerbaijan Republic). The initially successful counter-campaign was abandoned by the central government at a critical moment and with the threat then left unchecked, Shamakhi was taken by 15,000 Lezgin tribesmen, its Shia population massacred, and the city ransacked. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३१, २५ जुलाई २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23502841 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lau Pa Sat]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Telok Ayer Market Above, June 2015.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lau Pa Sat''', also known as Telok Ayer Market, is a historic building located within the Downtown Core in the Central Area of Singapore. It was first built in 1824 as a fish market on the waterfront serving the people of early colonial Singapore and rebuilt in 1838. It was then relocated and rebuilt at the present location in 1894. It is currently a food court with stalls selling a variety of local cuisine. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, १ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23601901 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Raggle Taggle Gypsy]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''The Raggle Taggle Gypsy'''" (Roud 1, Child 200), is a traditional folk song that originated as a Scottish border ballad, and has been popular throughout Britain, Ireland and North America. It concerns a rich lady who runs off to join the gypsies (or one gypsy). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३६, ८ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय) </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23635059 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Peroz I Kushanshah]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Extremely rare coin of Peroz I Kushanshah.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Peroz I Kushanshah''' was ruler of the Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom from 245 to 275. He was the successor of Ardashir I Kushanshah. He was an energetic ruler, who minted coins in Balkh, Herat, and Gandhara. Under him, the Kushano-Sasanians further expanded their domains into the west, pushing the weakened Kushan Empire to Mathura in North India. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३२, १५ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23661098 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:In the Arbour]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gierymski In the arbour.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''In the Arbour''''' (Polish: W altanie) is an oil painting created by Polish Realist painter Aleksander Gierymski in 1882. It is displayed at the National Museum in Warsaw, Poland. In the painting is shown a social gathering of a group of aristocrats portrayed in 18th-century clothes, which takes place on a summer day in a garden. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १७:३२, २२ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23685356 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:Imphal Peace Museum]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:mni:ꯏꯝꯐꯥꯜ ꯑꯌꯤꯡ ꯑꯆꯤꯛ ꯄꯨꯀꯩ ꯂꯟꯀꯩ ꯁꯪꯂꯦꯟ]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Imphal Peace Museum.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Imphal Peace Museum''' (IPM) (Meitei: Imphal Aying-Achik Pukei Lankei Shanglen, Japanese: インパール平和資料館, romanized: Inpāru heiwa shiryōkan) is a WWII museum at the foothills of the Red Hills (Maibam Lokpa Ching) in Manipur. It is a living memory of the Battle of Imphal and other WWII battles (March-July 1944) fought in Manipur. It is supported by the Nippon Foundation (TNF), a non profit grant making organization, collaborating with the Manipur Tourism Forum and the Government of Manipur. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, २९ अगस्ट २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23722272 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Saint John Church of Sohrol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Holy SURP Hovhannes Church.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Church of Saint John''' (Armenian: Սուրբ Յովհաննէս Եկեղեցի) is a 5th or 6th century Armenian Catholic church in Sohrol, Shabestar County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. It was rebuilt in 1840 by Samson Makintsev (Sam Khan; member of Bogatyr Battalion) in brick on the older church foundation. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३३, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23742791 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2022 Melilla incident]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ca:Massacre de Melilla]]) ([[:es:Tragedia de la valla de Melilla]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On June 24, 2022, at least 37 migrants were killed at the Melilla border fence during a conflict with Moroccan and Spanish security forces. Conflict broke out as between 500 and 2,000 people gathered in the early hours of the day to cross the border with Spain. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२४, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23818984 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-39 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:George W. Johnson (singer)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:George W. Johnson, 1898.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''George Washington Johnson''' (c. October 1846 – January 23, 1914) was an American singer and pioneer sound recording artist. Johnson was the first African American recording star of the phonograph <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५२, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23831378 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-41 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Meitei classical language movement]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Meitei language written in Meitei script.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''social movement of Meitei language''' (officially known as "Manipuri language") to achieve the officially recognised status of the "Classical language of India" is advocated by various literary, political, social associations and organisations as well as notable individual personalities of Bangladesh, Myanmar, Northeast India (prominently Assam, Manipur and Tripura). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:४०, १० अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23857591 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Urânia Vanério]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Urânia Vanério]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Urânia Vanério de Argollo Ferrão''' (Salvador, 14 December 1811 — 3 December 1849) was a Brazilian teacher, writer and translator. In her childhood she witnessed the conflict between Brazilian and Portuguese troops in early 1822, in the context of the Bahia's Independence process, which led her to write the poem "Lamentos de uma Baiana..." ("Laments of a girl from Bahia"). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:१७, १७ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23857591 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pagoda of the Celestial Lady]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:ThienMuPagoda.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Pagoda of the Celestial Lady''' (Vietnamese: Chùa Thiên Mụ; also called Linh Mụ Pagoda) is a historic temple in the city of Huế in Vietnam. Its iconic seven-story pagoda is regarded as the unofficial symbol of the city, and the temple has often been the subject of folk rhymes and ca dao about Huế. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३७, २४ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23972116 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women in Qatar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Shaikha Khalaf Al Mohammed, Mehbubeh Akhlaghi, Bahya Al-Hamad 2011 (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Women's rights in Qatar''' are restricted by the country's male guardianship law and influenced by the Wahhabi interpretation of Islam. Both women and men were enfranchised in the country at the same time, in 1999. Labour force participation rates of Qatari women are above the world average and among the highest in the Arab World, which comes mainly as a result of an increasing number of Qatari women who are attaining academic degrees. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५९, ३१ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23991876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Truck art in South Asia]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PK Truck on N-5 near Thatta asv2020-02 img2.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Truck art in South Asia''' is a popular form of regional decoration, with trucks featuring elaborate floral patterns and calligraphy. It is especially common in Pakistan and India. During the War in Afghanistan, Pakistani decorated trucks that ran services between Pakistan and Afghanistan came to be known as jingle trucks by American troops and contractors who were deployed across the latter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=23991876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gorgany Nature Reserve]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:uk:Ґорґани (заповідник)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gorgany Syniak.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Gorgany Nature Reserve''' (Ukrainian: Ґорґани заповідник) is a strict nature reserve (a 'zapovidnyk') of Ukraine that covers a part of the Gorgany mountain range of the Outer Eastern Carpatians in southwest Ukraine. The reserve is 46% old-growth forest, one of the last and largest such stands in Europe. The reserve was originally created in 1996 to protect relic stands of Stone pine trees (Pinus cembra). The reserve is administratively in the Nadvirna District of Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३४, १४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24059284 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pizza quattro formaggi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Pizza ai quattro formaggi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Pizza quattro formaggi at restaurant, Chalk Farm Road, London.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pizza quattro formaggi''' (four cheese pizza) is a variety of pizza in Italian cuisine that is topped with a combination of four kinds of cheese, usually melted together, with (rossa, red) or without (bianca, white) tomato sauce. It is popular worldwide, including in Italy, and is one of the iconic items from pizzerias' menus. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४६, २१ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24072249 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington, Glasgow]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Reiterstatue des Duke of Wellington (Glasgow)]]) ([[:es:Estatua de Wellington]]) ([[:ja:ウェリントン公爵騎馬像 (グラスゴー)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Statue of the Duke of Wellington on his horse Copenhagen unveiled in front of the Royal Exchange, in Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow in 1844.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''equestrian statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington''' located outside the Gallery of Modern Art, Glasgow, Scotland, is one of Glasgow's most iconic landmarks. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24120650 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2022-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2022 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Woman with Child]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:A Mulher Negra]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Eckhout, Albert - Mulher Africana.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Black Woman with Child''' is a circa 1650 full-length portrait painting by Albert Eckhout. It is in the collection of the National Gallery of Denmark. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३०, ५ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24120650 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Zakia Khudadadi]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Zakia Khudadadi''' also spelt as Zakia Khodadadi (Pashto: ذکیه خدادادی; born 29 September 1998) is an Afghan parataekwondo practitioner. She is the first Afghan female taekwondo practitioner. She rose to prominence after winning the African International Parataekwondo Championship in 2016 at the age of 18. She represented Afghanistan at the 2020 Summer Paralympics. She was initially denied the opportunity to compete at her maiden Paralympics due to the Taliban takeover but she was later allowed by the International Paralympic Committee to compete in the event after being safely evacuated from Afghanistan. She was able to compete and became the first Afghan female Paralympic competitor to compete at the Paralympics after 17 years since Mareena Karim's participation at the 2004 Summer Paralympics. She also officially became the first Afghan female sportsperson to participate in an international sporting event after the Taliban takeover. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४२, ९ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24306136 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Léopoldville riots]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Léopoldville riots damage.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Léopoldville riots''' were an outbreak of civil disorder in Léopoldville (modern-day Kinshasa) in the Belgian Congo which took place in January 1959 and which were an important moment for the Congolese independence movement. The rioting occurred when members of the Alliance des Bakongo (ABAKO) political party were not allowed to assemble for a protest and colonial authorities reacted harshly. The exact death toll is not known, but at least 49 people were killed and total casualties may have been as high as 500. Following these riots, a round table conference was organized in Brussels to negotiate the terms of Congo's independence, The Congo received its independence on 30 June 1960, becoming the Republic of the Congo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२३, १६ जनवरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24351847 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sweden Finns' Day]] '''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä]]) ([[:sv:Sverigefinnarnas dag]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sverigefinskaflaggan.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sweden Finns' Day''' (Finnish: Ruotsinsuomalaisten päivä, Swedish: Sverigefinnarnas dag) is an anniversary celebrated in Sweden on 24 February. The anniversary of the calendar was approved by the Swedish Academy in 2010 and was celebrated for the first time in 2011. February 24 was chosen as the birthday of Carl Axel Gottlund, a collector of folk poetry and a defender of the status of the Finnish language. The purpose of the day is to celebrate the Sweden Finns and to recognize their history, language and culture as a prominent part of Sweden's cultural heritage. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, ६ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24491747 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Delivery robot]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Woman Takes Groceries from Dax Delivery Robot.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''delivery robot''' is an autonomous robot that provides "last mile" delivery services. An operator may monitor and take control of the robot remotely in certain situations that the robot cannot resolve by itself such as when it is stuck in an obstacle. Delivery robots can be used in different settings such as food delivery, package delivery, hospital delivery, and room service. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:११, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24515453 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Buddha Dhatu Jadi]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Swarno Mandir.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Buddha Dhatu Jadi''' (Bengali: বুদ্ধ ধাতু জাদি; Burmese: ဗုဒ္ဓဓာတုစေတီ also known as the Bandarban Golden Temple) is located close to Balaghata town, in Bandarban City, in Bangladesh. Dhatu are the material remains of a holy person, and in this temple the relics belong to Buddha. It is the largest Theravada Buddhist temple in Bangladesh and has the second-largest Buddha statue in the country. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २० फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24581813 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Alina Scholtz]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alina Scholtz''' (24 September 1908 – 25 February 1996) was a Polish landscape architect, known as one of country's pioneers in developing the field. Throughout her career she worked on various public and private projects for cemeteries, parks and green spaces. Some of her most noted works include the grounds of a villa on Kielecka Street in Warsaw for which she won a Silver Medal at the 1937 World Exhibition in Paris, the memorial cemetery to the victims of the Palmiry massacre, and landscaping projects along the East-West traffic route of Warsaw. In addition to her design work, she served as one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architects. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४९, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24617511 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mary Nzimiro]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Mary Nzimiro''', birthname Mary Nwametu Onumonu, MBE (1898–1993) was a pioneering Nigerian businesswoman, politician and women's activist. In 1948, she was appointed principal representative of the United Africa Company (UAC) for Eastern Nigeria, while maintaining textile and cosmetics retail outlets of her own in Port Harcourt, Aba and Owerri. By the early 1950s, she was among the richest individuals in West Africa, becoming a resident of the exclusive Bernard Carr Street in Port Harcourt. On the political front, she was a member of the influential National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons, becoming a member of its executive committee in 1957 and vice-president of the NCNC Estern Women's Association in 1962. During the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), she organized Igbo women in support of the Biafrans. As a result she lost most of her property in Port Harcourt and returned to her native Oguta where she died in 1993. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३२, ६ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24636259 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elizabeth Langdon Williams]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Elizabeth Langdon Williams.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elizabeth Langdon Williams''' (February 8, 1879 in Putnam, Connecticut – 1981 in Enfield, New Hampshire) was an American human computer and astronomer whose work helped lead to the discovery of Pluto, or Planet X. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, १३ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24700408 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:I Didn't Raise My Boy to Be a Soldier]] '''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Peerless Quartet - I Didn't Raise my Boy to be a Soldier.ogg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> an American anti-war song that was influential within the pacifist movement that existed in the United States before it entered World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१६, २० मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24720571 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Diana Aguavil]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Diana Aguavil]]) ([[:pt:Diana Aguavil]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Diana Aguavil.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Diana Alexandra Aguavil Calazacón''' (born 7 August 1983) is an Ecuadorian indigenous leader, since 25 August 2018, the first female governor of the Tsáchila nationality after 104 years of male administrations and winning the 2018 Tsáchila election. She was also the second woman to become a candidate. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२५, २७ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24758626 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lucy Salani]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Lucy Salani]]) ([[:fr:Lucy Salani]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Lucy Salani.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lucy Salani''' was an Italian activist and is considered the only Italian transgender person to have survived the Nazi concentration camps. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५१, १७ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ca:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ([[:eu:María Fernanda Castro Maya]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''María Fernanda Castro Maya''' is a Mexican self-advocate disability rights activist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४०, २४ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sonia Orbuch]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sonia Shainwald Orbuch''' (born Sarah Shainwald, May 24, 1925 – September 30, 2018) was an American Holocaust educator. During the Second World War she was a Jewish resistance fighter in eastern Poland. Orbuch hid in the forests of Poland with her family during the Second World War. She joined a group of Soviet partisans, being renamed Sonia in case she was captured, and helped fight against the Germans. After the war, she returned home, where she met her future husband. After having a daughter in a refugee camp in Germany, the family eventually emigrated to the United States. She spent the rest of life in public engagement, speaking about her experiences and in 2009, published her autobiography, Here, There Are No Sarahs: A Woman's Courageous Fight Against the Nazis and Her Bittersweet Fulfillment of the American Dream. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:०९, १ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24872966 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nadia Ghulam]]'''<br /><small>''([[:fr:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:es:Nadia Ghulam]]) ([[:ca:Nadia Ghulam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Nadia Ghulam (cropped).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Nadia Ghulam Dastgir''' is an Afghan woman who spent ten years posing as her dead brother to evade the Taliban's strictures against women. Her book about her experiences, written with Agnès Rotger and published in 2010, El secret del meu turbant (The Secret of My Turban), won the Prudenci Bertrana Prize for fiction. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२२, ८ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=24966177 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Purple Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Epilepsy Warrior Brooch May 2018 Purple Day.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Purple Day''' is a global grassroots event that was formed with the intention to increase worldwide awareness of epilepsy, and to dispel common myths and fears of this neurological disorder. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०२, १५ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25000361 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Valencian Art Nouveau]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Modernismo valenciano]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Santuario Novelda.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Valencian Art Nouveau''' (Spanish: modernismo valenciano, Valencian: modernisme valencià), is the historiographic denomination given to an art and literature movement associated with the Art Nouveau in the Valencian Community, in Spain. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३१, २९ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25074014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Alessandra Korap]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Alessandra Korap]]) ''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Alessandra Korap''' is an indigenous leader and Brazilian environmental activist from the Munduruku ethnic group. Her main work is defending the demarcation of indigenous territory and denouncing the illegal exploitation and activities of the mining and logging industries. Alessandra is internationally recognized for her work. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१८, ५ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-24 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cassinga Day]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Cassinga Day''' is a national public holiday in Namibia remembering the Cassinga Massacre. Commemorated annually on 4 May, the date "remembers those (approximately 600) killed in 1978 when the South African Defence Force attacked a SWAPO base at Cassinga in southern Angola". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५२, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25111481 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rawon]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rawon Setan.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Rawon''' (Javanese: ꦫꦮꦺꦴꦤ꧀) is an Indonesian beef soup. Originating from East Java, rawon utilizes the black keluak nut as the main seasoning, which gives a dark color and nutty flavor to the soup. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०३, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25177056 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-27 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hook echo]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Tornadic classic supercell radar.gif|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''hook echo''' is a pendant or hook-shaped weather radar signature as part of some supercell thunderstorms. It is found in the lower portions of a storm as air and precipitation flow into a mesocyclone, resulting in a curved feature of reflectivity. The echo is produced by rain, hail, or even debris being wrapped around the supercell <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, ३ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25241057 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-29 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Esther Cooper Jackson]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Esther Cooper Jackson]]) ([[:simple:Esther Cooper Jackson]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Esther Cooper Jackson, 1968, Great Barrington.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Esther Victoria Cooper Jackson''' was an American civil rights activist and social worker. She was one of the founding editors of the magazine Freedomways. She also was an organizational and executive secretary at the Southern Negro Youth Congress. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:५९, १७ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25266525 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-30 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cut of pork]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:American Pork Cuts.svg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''cuts of pork''' are the different parts of the pig which are consumed as food by humans. The terminology and extent of each cut varies from country to country. There are between four and six primal cuts, which are the large parts in which the pig is first cut: the shoulder (blade and picnic), loin, belly (spare ribs and side) and leg <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०६, २४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25318972 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-31 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Gunhild Cross]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gunhildkorset.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Gunhild Cross''' (Danish: Gunhildkorset), named for its first owner, Gunhild, a daughter of Svend III of Denmark, is a mid-12th-century crucifix carved in walrus tusk and with both Latin and Runic inscriptions. It is now in the collection of the National Museum of Denmark. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३३, ३१ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25380210 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-32 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Polyura athamas]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Close wing mud-puddling position of Charaxes bharata (C.& R. Felder,1867) - Indian Nawab.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Polyura athamas''''', the common nawab, is a species of fast-flying canopy butterfly found in tropical Asia. It belongs to the Charaxinae (rajahs and nawabs) in the brush-footed butterfly family (Nymphalidae). <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:५९, ७ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25410866 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-33 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Women's page]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:"Doings in Pittsburg Society" The Pittsburg Press February 1, 1920.png|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''women's page''' (sometimes called home page or women's section) of a newspaper was a section devoted to covering news assumed to be of interest to women. Women's pages started out in the 19th century as society pages and eventually morphed into features sections in the 1970s. Although denigrated during much of that period, they had a significant impact on journalism and in their communities. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:३६, १४ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-34 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Insect toxin]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Insektengift]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:PDB 1lmr EBI.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Insect toxins''' are various protein toxins produced by insect species. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१७, २१ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-35 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Manchester Blitz]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Air Raid Damage in Britain- Manchester HU49833.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Manchester Blitz''' (also known as the Christmas Blitz) was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester and its surrounding areas in North West England during the Second World War by the German Luftwaffe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:०१, २८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-36 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ghana Independence Act 1957]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ghana Independence Act 1957''' is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted the Gold Coast fully responsible government within the British Commonwealth of Nations under the name of Ghana <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:०३, ४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-37 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Betrayal trauma]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sv:Svektrauma]]) ([[:ar:صدمة الخيانة]]) ([[:ko:배신 트라우마]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Betrayal trauma''' is defined as a trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the victim is close to and reliant upon for support and survival. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३४, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25427472 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-38 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:es:Genocidio del Putumayo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Putumayo genocide]]) ([[:ca:Genocidi del Putumayo]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:The Putumayo - the devil's paradise, travels in the Peruvian Amazon Region and an account of the atrocities committed upon the Indians therein (1913) (14782203995).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Putumayo genocide''' is the term which is used in reference to the enslavement, massacres and ethnocide of the indigenous population of the Amazon at the hands of the Peruvian Amazon Company, specifically in the area between the Putumayo River and the Caquetá River during the Amazon rubber boom period from 1879 to 1912. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०९:२३, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25599361 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-42 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Athyma nefte]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:VB 019 Color Sergeant UP.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Athyma nefte''''', the colour sergeant, is a species of brush-footed butterfly found in tropical South and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, १६ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> ==[[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} विकिपिडियाबाट हटाइने अनुरोध गर्दै, [[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा]]मा, एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यो दुई वा धेरै [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार]] अन्तर्गत गरिएको छ, जसलाई छलफल बिनै कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। यदि पृष्ठले यी कुनै पनि कडाईका-साथ-परिभाषित मापदण्ड पूरा गर्दछ भने, यो एक प्रशासकद्वारा शीघ्र मेटाइनेछ। यसलाई चिनो लगाइनुका कारणहरू निम्न छन्: *यो एकदम छोटो, कम वा कुनै प्रसङ्ग पाठकलाई प्रदान नगर्ने लेख हो। ([[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार#ले१|ले१]] हेर्नुहोस्।) कृपया छोटो लेख न्यूनतम मापदण्डको लागि हाम्रो जानकारी [[विकिपिडिया:अपूर्ण लेख|अपूर्ण लेखहरू]] हेर्नुहोस्। साथै कृपया नोट गर्नुहोस् कि लेख [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|उल्लेखनीय]] विषयहरूमा हुनुपर्दछ र उनीहरूको सामग्रीले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमाणिकता|प्रमाणित]] गर्ने भरपर्दो स्रोतहरूको सन्दर्भ प्रदान गर्नुपर्दछ। *यो एक व्यक्ति, संगठन (ब्यान्ड, क्लब, कम्पनी, ''इत्यादि''), व्यक्तिगत जनावर, वा वेब सामग्रीको बारेमा देखा पर्दछ, तर यसले विषय कसरी महत्वपूर्ण छ वा महत्त्वपूर्ण छैन भनेर संकेत गर्दैन: त्यो हो, किन यस विषयको लेख एक विश्वकोशमा समावेश गर्नुपर्दछ। ([[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार#ले७|ले७]] हेर्नुहोस्।) यस्ता लेख कुनै पनि समय मेट्न सकिन्छ। [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|उल्लेखनीय]] कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनीयता|सामान्यतया उल्लेखनीय रूपमा के स्वीकार गरिन्छ त्यसका लागि दिशानिर्देश]] हेर्नुहोस्। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:श्यामप्रसाद शर्मा|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] २०:३६, २२ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-43 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Typhoon Rusa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rusa 2002-08-27 0350Z.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Typhoon Rusa''' was the most powerful typhoon to strike South Korea in 43 years. It was the 21st JTWC tropical depression, the 15th named storm, and the 10th typhoon of the 2002 Pacific typhoon season. It developed on August 22 from the monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, well to the southeast of Japan. For several days, Rusa moved to the northwest, eventually intensifying into a powerful typhoon. On August 26, the storm moved across the Amami Islands of Japan, where Rusa left 20,000 people without power and caused two fatalities. Across Japan, the typhoon dropped torrential rainfall peaking at 902 mm (35.5 in) in Tokushima Prefecture. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:३५, २३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25693965 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-44 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hein Eersel]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:nl:Hein Eersel]]) ([[:it:Hein Eersel]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:HeinEersel.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christiaan Hendrik "Hein" Eersel''' was a Surinamese linguist and cultural researcher. He served as Minister of Education and Population Development in the cabinet of acting Prime Minister Arthur Johan May. He was also the first chancellor of the University of Suriname. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५४, ३० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-45 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Reclaim the Night]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Reclaim the Night]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Reclaim the Night 2014.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Reclaim the Night''' is a movement started in Leeds in 1977 as part of the Women's Liberation Movement. Marches demanding that women be able to move throughout public spaces at night took place across England until the 1990s. Later, the organisation was revived and sponsors annual and national marches against rape and violence against women. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२५, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-46 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ishe Komborera Africa]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Ishe Komborera Africa.mp3|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> "'''Ishe Komborera Africa'''" (Shona for: God Bless Africa), also called "Ishe Komborera Zimbabwe" (Shona for: God Bless Zimbabwe), was the Zimbabwean national anthem from 1980 to 1994. It was the country's first national anthem after gaining independence in 1980. It is a translation of 19th-century South African schoolteacher Enoch Sontonga's popular African hymn "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" into Zimbabwe's native Shona and Ndebele languages. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०६:२३, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-47 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Bhagavata Mela]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Bhagavata Mela''' is a classical Indian dance that is performed in Tamil Nadu, particularly the Thanjavur area. It is choreographed as an annual Vaishnavism tradition in Melattur and nearby regions, and celebrated as a dance-drama performance art. The dance art has roots in a historic migration of practitioners of Kuchipudi, another Indian classical dance art, from Andhra Pradesh to the kingdom of Tanjavur. The term Bhagavata, state Brandon and Banham, refers to the Hindu text Bhagavata Purana. Mela is a Sanskrit word that means "gathering, meeting of a group" and connotes a folk festival. The traditional Bhagavata Mela performance acts out the legends of Hinduism, set to the Carnatic style music. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 00:38, ०९:५२, २० नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-48 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Zanskari]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Zaniskari]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Zaniskari Horse in Ladakh, India.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Zaniskari''' or '''Zanskari''' is a breed of small mountain horse or pony from Ladakh, in northern India. It is named for the Zanskar valley or region in Kargil district. It is similar to the Spiti breed of Himachal Pradesh, but is better adapted to work at high altitude. Like the Spiti, it shows similarities to the Tibetan breeds of neighbouring Tibet. It is of medium size, and is often grey in colour. The breed is considered endangered, as there are only a few hundred alive today, and a conservation programme has been started at Padum, Zanskar, in the Kargil district of Ladakh. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२९, २७ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25797248 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-49 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sheikh Hussein]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Sheikh Hussein]]) ([[:it:Scec Hussèn]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sheikh Hussein.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sheikh Hussein''' is a town in south-eastern Ethiopia. The site has been recorded in the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage List since 2011 as a religious, cultural and historical site. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१९, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25921616 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-50 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fr:Applaudissements aux fenêtres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Aplauso por los trabajadores de la salud]]) ([[:gl:Aplauso ao persoal sanitario]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Koronabirus konfinamendua Lasarten 2020-03-29.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> During the COVID-19 pandemic, applauding daily at a scheduled hour was a gesture of acclamation, recognition and gratitude towards health professionals in tribute to their work at the time. This habit emerged in January 2020 in Wuhan, where the pandemic originated, and then spread to several cities around the world during the quarantines and sanitary cordons ordered as preventive measures, Italy being the first one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०८:११, ११ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25925561 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-51 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Aerial view of Subway Island, July 2019.JPG|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge''' is a wildlife refuge in New York City managed by the National Park Service as part of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is composed of the open water and intertidal salt marshes of Jamaica Bay. It lies entirely within the boundaries of New York City, divided between the boroughs of Brooklyn to the west and Queens to the east. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५०, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25951007 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2023-52 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2023 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Plant blindness]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Cécité botanique]]) ([[:de:Pflanzenblindheit]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Plant blindness 0323.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Plant blindness''' is an informally-proposed form of cognitive bias, which in its broadest meaning, is a human tendency to ignore plant species. This includes such phenomena as not noticing plants in the surrounding environment, not recognizing the importance of plant life to the whole biosphere and to human affairs, a philosophical view of plants as an inferior form of life to animals and/or the inability to appreciate the unique features or aesthetics of plants. Related terms include plant‐neglect, zoo-centrism, and zoo‐chauvinism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४३, २५ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=25971304 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-02 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pax airship disaster]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Catástrofe do dirigível Pax]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sim new-mcclures-magazine 1902-09 19 5 (page 75 crop).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Pax''''' '''airship disaster''' was the explosion of the ''Pax'' airship on May 12, 1902, in Paris, which killed the Brazilian inventor Augusto Severo and the French mechanic Georges Saché. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] 12:14, 8 January 2024 (UTC)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26033876 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-03 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Conversion to Islam]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Conversion à l'islam]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Sahadah-Topkapi-Palace.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Conversion to Islam''' is accepting Islam as a religion or faith and rejecting any other religion or irreligion. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:५६, १५ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-04 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kinder der Landstrasse]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Kinderdlandstrasse plakat.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kinder der Landstrasse''' (literally: Children of the Country Road) was a project implemented by the Swiss foundation Pro Juventute from 1926 to 1973. The project aimed to assimilate the itinerant Yenish people in Switzerland by forcibly removing their children from their parents and placing them in orphanages or foster homes. Approximately 590 children were affected by this program. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:४७, २२ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26044632 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-05 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Qurm Nature Reserve]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Al-Qurm Wetlands.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Qurm Nature Reserve''' is a national nature reserve in Muscat Governorate, Oman. Located on the Gulf of Oman coast, the reserve protects a mangrove forest and the surrounding wetland in a small estuary within the urban area of Qurm. Established in 1975, the reserve has been designated as an Important Bird Area since 1994, and as a protected Ramsar site since 2013. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४८, २९ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26149847 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-06 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Timurid architecture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Gur-e-Amir Mausolueum - Samarkand - Uzbekistan (7488414078).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Timurid architecture''' was an important stage in the architectural history of Iran and Central Asia during the late 14th and 15th centuries. The Timurid Empire (1370–1507), founded by Timur (d. 1405) and conquering most of this region, oversaw a cultural renaissance. In architecture, the Timurid dynasty patronized the construction of palaces, mausoleums, and religious monuments across the region. Their architecture is distinguished by its grand scale, luxurious decoration in tilework, and sophisticated geometric vaulting. This architectural style, along with other aspects of Timurid art, spread across the empire and subsequently influenced the architecture of other empires from the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०८, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26169542 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-07 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adoration of the Magi (Fra Angelico and Filippo Lippi)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Fra Angelico, Fra Filippo Lippi, The Adoration of the Magi.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''''Adoration of the Magi''''' is a tondo, or circular painting, of the Adoration of the Magi assumed to be that recorded in 1492 in the Palazzo Medici Riccardi in Florence as by Fra Angelico. It dates from the mid-15th century and is now in the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. Most art historians think that Filippo Lippi painted more of the original work, and that it was added to some years after by other artists, as well as including work by assistants in the workshops of both the original masters. It has been known as the Washington Tondo and Cook Tondo after Herbert Cook, and this latter name in particular continues to be used over 50 years after the painting left the Cook collection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] १२:४५, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26187446 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-08 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:nl:Graf met de handjes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Weg langs het kerkhof tegenover 1, Roermond.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The monument '''Van Gorkum-Van Aefferden''', more well known as the "'''grave with the little hands'''" is a monumental Tombstone in the Dutch city of Roermond. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:०९, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-09 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Doorway effect]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''doorway effect''' is a known psychological event where a person's short-term memory declines when passing through a doorway moving from one location to another when it would not if they had remained in the same place. People experience this effect by forgetting what they were going to do, thinking about, or planning upon entering a different room. This is thought to be due to the change in one's physical environment, which is used to distinguish boundaries between remembered events: memories of events encountered in the present environment are more accessible than those beyond it. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:१५, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26260848 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-10 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Sissieretta Jones]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:1899 poster of Mme. M. Sissieretta Jones.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Matilda Sissieretta Joyner Jones''' (January 5, 1868, or 1869 – June 24, 1933) was an American soprano. She sometimes was called "The Black Patti" in reference to Italian opera singer Adelina Patti. Jones' repertoire included grand opera, light opera, and popular music <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, ४ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26313143 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-11 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Preventative Coup of November 11]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Golpe de Estado en Brasil de 1955]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Exército na casa de Café Filho.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Preventative Coup of November 11''' sometimes called the '''1955 Brazilian coup d'état''' or referred to as an "anti-coup" or a "counter-coup" (Portuguese: ''Novembrada, Movimento de 11 de Novembro, Contragolpe, Golpe Preventivo do Marechal Lott'') was a series of military and political events led by Henrique Teixeira Lott that resulted in Nereu Ramos assuming the presidency of Brazil until being peacefully succeeded by Juscelino Kubitschek a few months later. The bloodless coup removed Carlos Luz from the presidency because he was suspected of plotting to prevent Kubitschek from taking office. As a result of the tensions, Brazil had three presidents in the span of a single week. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, ११ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-12 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Hojang Taret]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Hojang Taret''' is a classical Meitei language play based on Euripides's ancient Greek tragedy The Phoenician Women. It is directed by Oasis Sougaijam and produced by The Umbilical Theatre in Imphal, Kangleipak. It depicts the moral ambiguities of conflict between brothers resulting to the ruination of the ancient city of Thebes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३७, १८ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26366849 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-13 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Magna Lykseth-Skogman]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Magna Lykseth in Tristan och Isolde at Kungliga Operan 1909 - SMV - GL164.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magna Elvine Lykseth-Skogman''' (6 February 1874 – 13 November 1949), also known as Magna Lykseth-Schjerven, was a Norwegian-born Swedish operatic soprano. After making her début at the Royal Swedish Opera in 1901 as Santuzza in Cavalleria rusticana, she was engaged there until 1918 becoming the company's prima donna. She performed leading roles in a wide range of operas but is remembered in particular for her Wagnerian interpretations, creating Brünnhilde in the Swedish premières of Siegfried and Götterdämmerung, and Isolde in 1909. Considered to be one of the most outstanding Swedish opera singers of her generation, she was awarded the Litteris et Artibus medal in 1907 and became a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1912 <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४५, २५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26447450 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-14 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lidder Valley]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Pahalgam Valley.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Lidder Valley''' or Liddar Valley is a Himalayan sub-valley that forms the southeastern corner of Anantnag district in Indian-administered Kashmir. The Lidder River flows down the valley. The entrance to the valley lies 7 km northeast from Anantnag town and 62 km southeast from Srinagar, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is a 40-km-long gorge valley with an average width of 3 km. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:००, १ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26509189 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-15 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Operation Kraai]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Overzicht van het vliegveld te Djokja vanuit de 'Control Tower', Bestanddeelnr 5128.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Operation Kraai''' (Operation Crow) was a Dutch military offensive against the de facto Republic of Indonesia in December 1948 after negotiations failed. With the advantage of surprise the Dutch managed to capture the Indonesian Republic's temporary capital, Yogyakarta, and seized Indonesian leaders such as de facto Republican President Sukarno. This apparent military success was however followed by guerrilla warfare, while the violation of the Renville Agreement ceasefire diplomatically isolated the Dutch, leading to the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference and recognition of the United States of Indonesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३२, ८ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26550154 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-16 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Павильон Росси]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Rossi Pavilion]])&#32;([[:fr:Pavillon Rossi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Rossi's Pavilion in Mikhailovsky Garden. Saint-Petersburg. 1825..jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rossi Pavilion''' (Russian: Павильон Росси) is a pavilion on the bank of the Moyka River in the Mikhailovsky Garden in Saint Petersburg. It was designed by architect Carlo Rossi in the early 1820s and built in 1825 during his redevelopment of the garden. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३८, १५ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26565118 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-17 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Devorà Ascarelli]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Debora Ascarelli]])&#32;([[:es:Devorà Ascarelli]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Devorà Ascarelli''' was a 16th-century Italian poet living in Rome, Italy. Ascarelli may have been the first Jewish woman to have a book of her own work published. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] ०७:२०, २२ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-18 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1989 Serbian general election]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:sr:Председнички избори у Србији 1989.]])&#32;([[:vi:Tổng tuyển cử Serbia 1989]])''</small></div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Parliament of SR Serbia (1989–1991).svg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''General elections were held in Serbia''', a constituent federal unit of SFR Yugoslavia, on 12 November 1989 to elect the president of the presidency of the Socialist Republic of Serbia and delegates of the Assembly of SR Serbia. Voting for delegates also took place on 10 and 30 November 1989. In addition to the general elections, local elections were held simultaneously. These were the first direct elections conducted after the adoption of the 1974 Yugoslav Constitution and the delegate electoral system, and the last elections conducted under a one-party system. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१७, २९ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-19 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:#DDDDDD; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heinrich Bünting]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Heinrich Bünting''' (1545 – 1606) was a Protestant pastor and theologian. He is best known for his book of woodcut maps titled Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae (Travel book through Holy Scripture) first published in 1581. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१२, ६ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26624302 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-20 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background:var(--background-color-backdrop-dark, #DDDDDD); border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:var(--color-inverted, #000000); padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ruyan (district)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:رویان (طبرستان)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Northern Iran and its surroundings during the Iranian intermezzo.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ruyan''' (Persian: رویان), later known as Rustamdar (رستمدار), was the name of a mountainous district that encompassed the western part of Tabaristan/Mazandaran, a region on the Caspian coast of northern Iran. In Iranian mythology, Ruyan appears as one of the places that the legendary archer Arash shot his arrow from, reaching the edge of Khorasan to mark the border between Iran and Turan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२४, १३ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26755244 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-21 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Turlough (lake)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Turlough]])&#32;([[:no:Turlough]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Carran Turlough.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''turlough''' is a seasonal or periodic water body found mostly in limestone karst areas of Ireland, west of the River Shannon. [...] The water bodies fill and empty with the changes in the level of the water table, usually being very low or empty during summer and autumn and full in the winter. As groundwater levels drop the water drains away underground through cracks in the karstic limestone. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१६, २० मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26789673 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-22 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Geiranger Church]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Geiranger kirke]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- [[File:Iglesia parroquial, Geiranger, Noruega, 2019-09-07, DD 84-97 PAN.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Geiranger Church''' (Norwegian: Geiranger kyrkje) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Stranda Municipality in Møre og Romsdal county, Norway. It is located in the village of Geiranger, and the end of the famous Geirangerfjorden. It is the church for the Geiranger parish which is part of the Nordre Sunnmøre prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Møre. The white, wooden church was built in an octagonal design in 1842 using plans drawn up by the architect Hans Klipe. The church seats about 165 people. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३३, २७ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-23 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Guillermo Larrazábal]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Guillermo Larrazábal Arzubide''' (10 February 1907 – 1983) was a Spanish stained glass artist who was active in Ecuador. He is considered Ecuador's most important stained glass artist. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५९, ३ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26828106 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-25 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:de:Magdalena Zeger]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Magdalena Zeger''' ([mak.da.ˈleː.na ˈt͡seː.gɐ], * 1491; † 16. January 1568 in Kolding) was a calendar maker, astronomer and astrologist. Her Hamburg almanacs and forecasts from 1561 and 1563 have been preserved. Zeger's calendars are the first independent publications by a woman in the field of astronomy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१४, १७ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-26 == {| class="plainlinks mw-content-ltr" lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: #f8f9fa; border:1px solid #BBBBBB; color:#000000; padding .4em;" |- |style="text-align:center;"| The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Koreans in Micronesia]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:zh:朝鮮裔密克羅尼西亞人]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Koreans in Micronesia''' used to form a significant population before World War II, when most of the region was ruled as the South Seas Mandate of the Empire of Japan; for example, they formed 7.3% of the population of Palau in 1943. However, after the area came under the control of the United States as the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, most Koreans returned to their homeland. As of 2013, about seven thousand South Korean expatriates & immigrants and Korean Americans reside in the Marianas (Guam and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands), which have remained under U.S. control, while only around two hundred South Korean expatriates reside in the independent countries of Micronesia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४८, २४ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> |} <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=26940351 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Roller printing on textiles]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Silverstudio.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Roller printing''' on fabrics is a textile printing process patented by Thomas Bell of Scotland in 1783 in an attempt to reduce the cost of the earlier copperplate printing. This method was used in Lancashire fabric mills to produce cotton dress fabrics from the 1790s, most often reproducing small monochrome patterns characterized by striped motifs and tiny dotted patterns called "machine grounds". Improvements in the technology resulted in more elaborate roller prints in bright, rich colours from the 1820s; Turkey red and chrome yellow were particularly popular. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२९, १ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:simple:India naming dispute]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ur:انڈیا نام کا تنازعہ]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''India naming dispute''' in 1947 refers to the argument over the use of the name India during and after the partition of British Raj, between the countries of Pakistan and the Republic of India. This dispute involved key figures such as Lord Mountbatten, the last Viceroy of British Raj, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the Muslim League and a founder of Pakistan. By 1947, the British Raj was going to be divided into two new nation states – Hindustan and Pakistan. Jinnah was initially convinced that Hindustan would not use the term India, since it lacked indigenous pedigree, etymologically and historically India meant the Indus Valley (modern-Pakistan). He also opposed the use of the name India as it would cause confusion regarding history. The disagreement had significant implications for national identity and international recognition. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, ८ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Adumu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Maasai 2012 05 31 2782 (7522645058).jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Adumu''', is a type of dance that the Maasai people of Kenya and Tanzania practice. Young Maasai warriors generally perform the energetic and acrobatic dance at ceremonial occasions including weddings, religious rites, and other significant cultural events. The Adumu dance is characterized by a sequence of jumps performed by the dancers, who stand in a circle and alternately jump while keeping their bodies as straight and upright as possible. In addition to wearing vividly colored shúkàs (clothes) and beaded jewelry, the dancers are typically clad in traditional Maasai costume. Traditional Maasai songs and chants are also performed during the dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:००, १५ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Rathaus-Glockenspiel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:2019-11-16, Glockenspiel, Neues Münchner Rathaus, IMG 7463 edit Christoph Braun.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Rathaus-Glockenspiel''' is a large mechanical clock located in Marienplatz Square, in the heart of Munich, Germany. Famous for its life-size characters, the clock twice daily re-enacts scenes from Munich's history. First is the story of the marriage of Duke Wilhelm V to Renata of Lorraine in 1568, followed by the story of the Schäfflerstanz, also known as the coopers' dance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, २२ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27031540 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])&#32;([[:nl:Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Nederlandsche Cocainefabriek Schinkelstraat Amsterdam architect HH Baanders 1902.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Nederlandsche Cocaïnefabriek''' (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈneːdərlɑntsə koːkaːˈinəfaːˌbrik]; English: Dutch Cocaine Factory) or NCF was an Amsterdam-based company producing cocaine for medical purposes in the 20th century. It imported its raw materials mainly from the Dutch East Indies and sold its products across Europe, making good profits especially in the early years of World War I. The NCF produced morphine, heroin and ephedrine as well. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२९, २९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Suffrage drama]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pamphlet from NAWSA for women's suffrage plays, page 1.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Suffrage drama''' (also known as suffrage plays or suffrage theatre) is a form of dramatic literature that emerged during the British women's suffrage movement in the early twentieth century. Suffrage performances lasted approximately from 1907-1914. Many suffrage plays called for a predominant or all female cast. Suffrage plays served to reveal issues behind the suffrage movement. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, ५ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27150339 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Karatgurk]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Karatgurk]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the Australian Aboriginal mythology of the Aboriginal people of south-eastern Australian state of Victoria, the '''Karatgurk''' were seven sisters who represented the constellation known in western astronomy as the Pleiades. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, १२ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27264174 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:B1 (classification)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''B1''' is a medical-based Paralympic classification for blind sport. Athletes in this classification are totally or almost totally blind. It is used by a number of blind sports including blind tennis, para-alpine skiing, para-Nordic skiing, blind cricket, blind golf, five-a-side football, goalball and judo. Some other sports, including adaptive rowing, athletics and swimming, have equivalents to this class. The B1 classification was first created by the IBSA in the 1970s, and has largely remained unchanged since despite an effort by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) to move towards a more functional and evidence-based classification system. Classification is often handled on the international level by the International Blind Sports Federation (IBSA) but it sometimes handled by national sport federations. There are exceptions for sports like athletics and cycling, where classification is handled by their own governing bodies. Equipment utilized by competitors in this class may differ from sport to sport, and may include sighted guides, guide rails, beeping balls and clapsticks. There may be some modifications related to equipment and rules to specifically address needs of competitors in this class to allow them to compete in specific sports. Some sports specifically do not allow a guide, whereas cycling and skiing require one. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, १९ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27278917 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Erzi (village)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Caucasus, Ingushetia, Ингушские боевые и смотровые башни, горы Кавказа.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Erzi''' (Russian: Эрзи; Ingush: Аьрзи, romanized: Ärzi, lit. 'Eagle') is a medieval village (aul) in the Dzheyrakhsky District of Ingushetia. It is part of the rural settlement (administrative center) of Olgeti. The entire territory of the settlement is included in the Dzheyrakh-Assa State Historical-Architectural and Natural Museum-Reserve and is under state protection. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:०४, २६ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27345183 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cappadocian calendar]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cappadocian calendar''' was a solar calendar that was derived from the Persian Zoroastrian calendar. It is named after the historic region Cappadocia in present-day Turkey, where it was used. The calendar, which had 12 months of 30 days each and five epagomenal days, originated between 550 and 330 BC, when Cappadocia was part of the Persian Achaemenid Empire. The Cappadocian calendar was identical to the Zoroastrian calendar; this can be seen in its structure, in the Avestan names and in the order of the months. The Cappadocian calendar reflects the Iranian cultural influence in the region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२७, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27357319 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Independence Day (Albania)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Independence Day''' (Albanian: Dita e Pavarësisë) is a public holiday in Albania observed on 28 November. It commemorates the Albanian Declaration of Independence (from the Ottoman Empire), which was ratified by the All-Albanian Congress on 28 November 1912, establishing the state of Albania. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:१४, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wildlife of Bahrain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Birds in Al-Areen Wildlife Park.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The wildlife of the archipelago of Bahrain, is more varied than might be expected of this small group of islands in the Persian Gulf. Apart from a strip of the north and west of the main island, where crops are grown with irrigation, the land is arid. With a very hot dry summer, a mild winter, and brackish groundwater, the plants need adaptations in order to survive. Nevertheless, 196 species of higher plant have been recorded here, as well as about seventeen species of terrestrial mammals, many birds and reptiles, and many migratory birds visit the islands in autumn and spring. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27456350 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Little Danes experiment]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:آزمایش دانمارکی‌های کوچک]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Children play at a Danish Red Cross-run orphanage in Greenland.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''little Danes experiment''' was a 1951 Danish operation where 22 Greenlandic Inuit children were sent to Danish foster families in an attempt to re-educate them as "little Danes". While the children were all supposed to be orphans, most were not. Six children were adopted while in Denmark, and sixteen returned to Greenland, only to be placed in Danish-speaking orphanages and never live with their families again. Half of the children experienced mental health disturbances, and half of them died in young adulthood. The government of Denmark officially apologised in 2020, after several years of demands from Greenlandic officials. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:०१, १४ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kharayeb]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Muharram 1Oth-Ashouraa 2007 in Kharayeb - panoramio.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Kharayeb''' (Arabic: الخرايب) is a historic town in the Sidon District in the South Governorate, Lebanon. The town is 77 km (48 mi) south of Beirut, and stands at an average altitude of 190 m (620 ft) above sea level. The town boasts a rich historical legacy, with archaeological excavations revealing a complex settlement history spanning from Prehistory to the Ottoman period. Notably, Kharayeb's origins can be traced back to the Persian period (539–330 BC), when it played a pivotal role in the region's agricultural and economic landscape, culminating in the construction of its Phoenician temple around the 6th century BC. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२३, २१ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27572997 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas horror]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Terror navideño]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Christmascarol1843 -- 169.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas horror''' is a fiction genre and film genre that incorporates horror elements into a seasonal setting. It is popular in multiple countries. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५०, २८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Placenta cake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:simple:Placenta cake]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bucharest, Greek pie-maker, 1880.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Placenta cake''' is a dish from ancient Greece and Rome consisting of many dough layers interspersed with a mixture of cheese and honey and flavored with bay leaves, baked and then covered in honey. The dessert is mentioned in classical texts such as the Greek poems of Archestratos and Antiphanes, as well as the De agri cultura of Cato the Elder. It is often seen as the predecessor of baklava and börek. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०२, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27647428 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Trisomy 16]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chromosome 16.svg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Trisomy 16''' is a chromosomal abnormality in which there are 3 copies of chromosome 16 rather than two. It is the most common trisomy leading to miscarriage and the second most common chromosomal cause of it, closely following X-chromosome monosomy. About 6% of miscarriages have trisomy 16. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५४, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27708700 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Boana platanera]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Rana platanera - Boana platanera.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Boana platanera''''', commonly known as the banana tree dwelling frog, is a species of tree frog in the family Hylidae. It is distributed within Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Trinidad and Tobago. Boana platanera was described in 2021, and individuals of the species were previously classified as Boana crepitans or Boana xerophylla. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३८, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27735014 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Wang Su-bok]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:وانگ سو بوک]])&#32;([[:ko:왕수복]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Wang Su-bok''' was a singer from North Korea, who was the most popular singer in Japanese-occupied Korea in 1935. She was credited as a ground-breaking female artist, whose work led the way for the modern K-pop phenomenon. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, २५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Storm Filomena]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Spain’s chilly blanket ESA22415247.jpeg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Storm Filomena''' was an extratropical cyclone in early January 2021 that was most notable for bringing unusually heavy snowfall to parts of Spain, with Madrid recording its heaviest snowfall in over a century, and with Portugal being hit less severely. The eighth named storm of the 2020–21 European windstorm season, Filomena formed over the Atlantic Ocean close to the Canary Islands on 7 January, subsequently taking a slow track north-eastwards towards the Iberian Peninsula and then eastwards across the Mediterranean Sea. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३३, २ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Syrian literature]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Poem about Baybars page 1 from Hakawati book.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Syrian literature''' is modern fiction written or orally performed in Arabic by writers from Syria since the independence of the Syrian Arab Republic in 1946. It is part of the historically and geographically wider Arabic literature. The modern states of Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel as well as the Palestinian autonomous areas only came into being in the mid-20th century. Therefore, Syrian literature has since been referred to by literary scholarship as the national literature of the Syrian Arab Republic, as well as the works created in Arabic by Syrian writers in the diaspora. This literature has been influenced by the country's political history, the literature of other Arabic-speaking countries and, especially in its early days, by French literature. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४४, ९ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27846897 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Mars ocean theory]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:AncientMars.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Mars ocean theory''' states that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was covered by an ocean of liquid water early in the planet's geologic history. This primordial ocean, dubbed Paleo-Ocean or Oceanus Borealis (/oʊˈsiːənəs ˌbɒriˈælɪs/ oh-SEE-ə-nəs BORR-ee-AL-iss), would have filled the basin Vastitas Borealis in the northern hemisphere, a region that lies 4–5 km (2.5–3 miles) below the mean planetary elevation, at a time period of approximately 4.1–3.8 billion years ago. Evidence for this ocean includes geographic features resembling ancient shorelines, and the chemical properties of the Martian soil and atmosphere <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३०, १६ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2024-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2024 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2023 Slovenia floods]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Sava v Tacnu 4. avgusta ob 16h.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In August 2023, major floods occurred in large part of Slovenia and neighbouring areas of Austria and Croatia due to heavy rain. Amongst others, the level of rivers Sava, Mur and Drava was exceptionally high. Several settlements and transport links in Slovene Littoral, Upper Carniola and Slovenian Carinthia were flooded. Due to the amount of rain, the streams in Idrija, Cerkno and Škofja Loka Hills overflowed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४०, २३ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=27933909 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Uganda Railways Corporation]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Schienenverkehr in Uganda]])&#32;([[:no:Uganda Railways Corporation]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:9620 mit Güterzug.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Uganda Railways Corporation''' (URC) is the parastatal railway of Uganda. It was formed after the breakup of the East African Railways Corporation (EARC) in 1977 when it took over the Ugandan part of the East African railways. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२२, ३० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28019313 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Internment of Japanese Canadians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Japanese road camp.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> From 1942 to 1949, Canada forcibly relocated and incarcerated over 22,000 Japanese Canadians—comprising over 90% of the total Japanese Canadian population—from British Columbia in the name of "national security". The majority were Canadian citizens by birth and were targeted based on their ancestry. This decision followed the events of the Japanese Empire's war in the Pacific against the Western Allies, such as the invasion of Hong Kong, the attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaii, and the Fall of Singapore which led to the Canadian declaration of war on Japan during World War II. Similar to the actions taken against Japanese Americans in neighbouring United States, this forced relocation subjected many Japanese Canadians to government-enforced curfews and interrogations, job and property losses, and forced repatriation to Japan <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४१, ६ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28070038 --> == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Christmas seals]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:no:Julemerke]])&#32;([[:ru:Рождественская виньетка]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:1915 US Christmas Seal.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Christmas seals''' are adhesive labels that are similar in appearance to postage stamps that are sold then affixed to mail during the Christmas season to raise funds and awareness for charitable programs. Christmas seals have become particularly associated with lung diseases such as tuberculosis, and with child welfare in general. They were first issued in Denmark beginning in 1904, with Sweden and Iceland following with issues that same year. Thereafter the use of Christmas seals proved to be popular and spread quickly around the world, with 130 countries producing their own issues. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १३ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28086717 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:it:Scontri del Nagorno Karabakh del 2010]])&#32;([[:tr:2010 Dağlık Karabağ çatışmaları]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''2010 Nahorno karabakh war''' were a series of exchanges of gunfire that took place on February 18 on the line of contact dividing Azerbaijani and the Karabakh Armenian military forces. Azerbaijan accused the Armenian forces of firing on the Azerbaijani positions near Tap Qaraqoyunlu, Qızıloba, Qapanlı, Yusifcanlı and Cavahirli villages, as well as in uplands of Agdam Rayon with small arms fire including snipers. As a result, three Azerbaijani soldiers were killed and one wounded. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०५, २० जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28099770 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Jinnah's birthday]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Yorkstatue.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Jinnah's Birthday''', officially Quaid-e-Azam Day and sometimes known as Quaid Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan observed annually on 25 December to celebrate the birthday of the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, known as Quaid-i-Azam ("Great Leader"). A major holiday, commemorations for Jinnah began during his lifetime in 1942, and have continued ever since. The event is primarily observed by the government and the citizens of the country where the national flag is hoisted at major architectural structures such as private and public buildings, particularly at the top of Quaid-e-Azam House in Karachi. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१५, २७ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28156501 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:French conquest of Corsica]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Bataille de Ponte Novu.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''French conquest of Corsica''' was a successful expedition by French forces of the Kingdom of France under Comte de Vaux, against Corsican forces under Pasquale Paoli of the Corsican Republic. The expedition was launched in May 1768, in the aftermath of the Seven Years' War. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:०६, ३ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Assassination of Spencer Perceval]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:PercevalShooting.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 11 May 1812, at about 5:15 pm, Spencer Perceval, the prime minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was shot dead in the lobby of the House of Commons by John Bellingham, a Liverpool merchant with a grievance against the government. Bellingham was detained; four days after the murder, he was tried, convicted and sentenced to death. He was hanged at Newgate Prison on 18 May, one week after the assassination and one month before the start of the War of 1812. Perceval remains the sole British prime minister to have been assassinated. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28200320 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:2010 Malagasy constitutional referendum]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A constitutional referendum was held in Madagascar on 17 November 2010, in which voters approved a proposal for the state's fourth Constitution. The Malagasy people were asked to answer "Yes" or "No" to the proposed new constitution, which was considered to help consolidate Andry Rajoelina's grip on power. At the time of the referendum, Rajoelina headed the governing Highest Transitional Authority (HAT), an interim junta established following the military-backed coup d'état against then President Marc Ravalomanana in March 2009. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०६, १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28245290 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Cooler Heads Coalition]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Cooler Heads Coalition]])&#32;([[:fr:Cooler Heads Coalition]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Cooler Heads Coalition''' is a politically conservative "informal and ad-hoc group" in the United States, financed and operated by the Competitive Enterprise Institute. The group, which rejects the scientific consensus on climate change, made efforts to stop the government from addressing climate change. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०८, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28300238 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:pt:Transmissor de Ondas]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Wave Transmitter]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Esq eletr transm ondas color.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Transmissor de Ondas''' é um equipamento precursor do rádio, desenvolvido por Roberto Landell de Moura na década de 1890, capaz de transmitir áudio via ondas eletromagnéticas, com sua primeira demonstração pública documentada tendo ocorrido no dia 16 de julho de 1899. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३५, ३ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Smoky (mascotte olimpica)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Smoky (Olympic mascot)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Smoky 1932 Olympic Village Mascot.webp|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Smoky''' (Los Angeles, 1931 o 1932 - Los Angeles, aprile 1934), occasionalmente scritto Smokey, è stato un cane che divenne la mascotte del villaggio olimpico estivo del 1932 e, successivamente, dell'evento generale. Pur non essendo oggi riconosciuto dal CIO, è stato, seppur non in modo ufficiale, la prima mascotte olimpica dei Giochi, oltre che a essere attualmente l'unica a essere stata un animale vero. Le successive edizioni non ebbero mascotte, dovendo aspettare i X Giochi olimpici invernali di Grenoble nel 1968 per ritrovarne una ufficialmente riconosciuta, lo sciatore stilizzato Schuss, allora non considerato ufficiale ma successivamente riconosciuto come tale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३५, १० मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28317097 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])&#32;([[:es:Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frame A from Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Amazonas, o maior rio do mundo''''' (lit. 'Amazon: The Greatest River in the World') is a 1922 Brazilian silent documentary film produced in 1918 by Silvino Santos. It is a black-and-white film that portrays life in the Amazon rainforest. Completed in 1920, it is considered one of the oldest cinematic records of the Amazon. It was presumed lost in 1931 and only rediscovered in 2023 at the Czech Film Archive. Silvino Santos produced the work over three years using sophisticated cinematic techniques, which led it to be deemed of "immense artistic value" by Le Monde. It has also been described as the "Holy Grail of Brazilian silent cinema" by The Guardian. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४२, १७ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28392163 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ali of the Eretnids]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:tr:Alaaddin Ali Bey]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Ala al-Din Ali''' (January 1353 – August 1380) was the third Sultan of the Eretnids ruling from 1366 until his death. He inherited the throne at a very early age and was removed from administrative matters. He was characterized as particularly keen on personal pleasures, which later discredited his authority. During his rule, emirs under the Eretnids enjoyed considerable autonomy, and the state continued to shrink as neighboring powers captured several towns. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४४, २४ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28433698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chilembwe uprising]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Chilembwe supporters being led to be executed (cropped).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Chilembwe uprising''' was a rebellion against British colonial rule in Nyasaland (modern-day Malawi) which took place in January 1915. It was led by John Chilembwe, an American-educated Baptist minister. Based around his church in the village of Mbombwe in the south-east of the colony, the leaders of the revolt were mainly from an emerging black middle class. They were motivated by grievances against the British colonial system, which included forced labour, racial discrimination and new demands imposed on the African population following the outbreak of World War I. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:३७, ३१ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:1930 Bago earthquake]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:my:၁၉၃၀ ပဲခူးငလျင်]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Thiao Mueang Phama (1955, p. 165).jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> An earthquake affected Myanmar on 5 May 1930 with a moment magnitude (Mw ) 7.4. The shock occurred 35 km (22 mi) beneath the surface with a maximum Rossi–Forel intensity of IX (Devastating tremor). The earthquake was the result of rupture along a 131 km (81 mi) segment of the Sagaing Fault—a major strike-slip fault that runs through the country. Extensive damage was reported in the southern part of the country, particularly in Bago and Yangon, where buildings collapsed and fires erupted. At least 550, and possibly up to 7,000 people were killed. A moderate tsunami struck the Burmese coast which caused minor damage to ships and a port. It was felt for over 570,000 km2 (220,000 sq mi) and as far as Shan State and Thailand. The mainshock was followed by many aftershocks; several were damaging. The December earthquake was similarly sized which also occurred along the Sagaing Fault. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३९, ७ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Museu de Zoologia da USP 02.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Museum of Zoology of the University of São Paulo''' (Portuguese: Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, abbreviated MZUSP) is a public natural history museum located in the historic Ipiranga district of São Paulo, Brazil. The MZUSP is an educational and research institution that is part of the University of São Paulo. The museum began at the end of the 19th century as part of the Museu Paulista; in 1941, it moved into a dedicated building. In 1969 the museum became a part of the University of São Paulo, receiving its current name. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१२, १४ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28454663 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fear of crime]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ar:الخوف من الجريمة]])&#32;([[:it:Criminofobia]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fear of crime''' refers to the fear of being a victim of crime, which is not necessarily reflective of the actual probability of being such a victim. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28559524 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Heritage preservation in South Korea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Korean.Dance-03.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The heritage preservation system of South Korea is a multi-level program aiming to preserve and cultivate Korean cultural heritage. The program is administered by the Cultural Heritage Administration (CHA), and the legal framework is provided by the Cultural Heritage Protection Act of 1962, last updated in 2012. The program started in 1962 and has gradually been extended and upgraded since then. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:४२, २८ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lhamana]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796 (cropped).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lhamana''', in traditional Zuni culture, are biologically male people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the pan-Indian two-spirit community. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१४, ५ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28583422 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Gruppo del Sileno]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Parco3.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Sileno ed Egle con Mnasilo e Cromi''', meglio noto come Gruppo del Sileno, è un monumento in marmo di Carrara, realizzato da Jean-Baptiste Boudard nel 1765 per il Giardino Ducale di Parma; sostituito nel 1991 con una copia in polvere di marmo e resina, l'originale si trova provvisoriamente nel chiostro della Fontana del monastero di San Paolo, in attesa della definitiva collocazione prevista all'interno del palazzetto Eucherio Sanvitale nel parco Ducale. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१३, १२ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28709947 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lorrin A. Thurston]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fi:Lorrin Thurston]])&#32;([[:ko:로린 A. 서스턴]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lorrinandrewsthurston1892.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Lorrin Andrews Thurston''' (July 31, 1858 – May 11, 1931) was a Hawaiian citizen lawyer, politician, and businessman. Thurston played a prominent role in the revolution that overthrew the Hawaiian Kingdom to replace Queen Liliʻuokalani with the Republic of Hawaii, with discreet US support for which Congress much later apologized. He published the Pacific Commercial Advertiser (a forerunner of the present-day Honolulu Star-Advertiser), and owned other enterprises. From 1906 to 1916, he and his network lobbied with national politicians to create a national park to preserve the Hawaiian volcanoes. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, १९ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28731710 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Lamiera bugnata]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Tread plate]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Diamond Plate.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Una '''lamiera bugnata''' o mandorlata è una lamiera di metallo ottenuta dalla laminazione di una bramma attraverso rulli che, tramite punzonatura o goffratura, imprimono sulla lamina rilievi a forma di rombo o ellisse, detti bugne. Nel caso questi rilievi siano alternati singolarmente nei due assi, si parla di lamiera diamantata, mentre se le forme sono predisposte in maniera parallela per formare piccoli quadranti tra di loro tangenti, questo pattern viene identificato con il nome di mandorlato. We tend to ignore the fact that this type of plate is the only reason we don't slip when we walk on steel and wet or frozen surfaces. The Italian article it's short but quite complete, and has just the right amount of citations, unlike other poor languages' versions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:४९, २६ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28751788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Angelo azzurro (cocktail)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Ángel azul (cóctel)]])&#32;([[:fr:Ange bleu (cocktail)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Angelo Azzurro Cocktail.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''angelo azzurro''' è un cocktail alcolico italiano. È considerato uno dei cocktail più popolari in Italia negli anni novanta, insieme al B-52 e all'Invisibile. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:२४, २ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:fi:Kotiryssä]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Kotiryssä]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''kotiryssä''' (jocular Finnish: one’s home Russky or home Russian) was a Soviet or Russian contact person of a Finnish politician, bureaucrat, businessman or other important person. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१८, ९ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-25 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Future self]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pl:Przyszła jaźń]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In the psychology of self, the '''future self''' concerns the processes and consequences associated with thinking about oneself in the future. People think about their future selves similarly to how they think about other people. The extent to which people feel psychologically connected (e.g., similarity, closeness) to their future self influences how well they treat their future self. When people feel connected to their future self, they are more likely to save for retirement, make healthy decisions, and avoid ethical transgressions. Interventions that increase feelings of connectedness with future selves can improve future-oriented decision making across these domains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १६ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-26 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pictorial map]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fa:نقشه تصویری]])&#32;([[:ja:絵地図]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Blake Britain Spearhead of Attack.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pictorial maps''' (also known as illustrated maps, panoramic maps, perspective maps, bird's-eye view maps, and geopictorial maps) depict a given territory with a more artistic rather than technical style. It is a type of map in contrast to road map, atlas, or topographic map. The cartography can be a sophisticated 3-D perspective landscape or a simple map graphic enlivened with illustrations of buildings, people and animals. They can feature all sorts of varied topics like historical events, legendary figures or local agricultural products and cover anything from an entire continent to a college campus. Drawn by specialized artists and illustrators, pictorial maps are a rich, centuries-old tradition and a diverse art form that ranges from cartoon maps on restaurant placemats to treasured art prints in museums. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०३, २३ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-27 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Queen Elizabeth University Hospital]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:QEUH.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Queen Elizabeth University Hospital''' (QEUH) is a 1,677-bed acute hospital located in Govan, in the south-west of Glasgow, Scotland. The hospital is built on the site of the former Southern General Hospital and opened at the end of April 2015. The hospital comprises a 1,109-bed adult hospital, a 256-bed children's hospital and two major Emergency Departments; one for adults and one for children. There is also an Immediate Assessment Unit for local GPs and out-of-hours services, to send patients directly, without having to be processed through the Emergency Department. The retained buildings from the former Southern General Hospital include the Maternity Unit, the Institute of Neurological Sciences, the Langlands Unit for medicine of the elderly and the laboratory. The whole facility is operated by NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, and is one of the largest acute hospital campuses in Europe. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५०, ३० जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-28 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Non-constituency Member of Parliament]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''Non-constituency Member of Parliament''' (NCMP) is a member of an opposition political party in Singapore who, as stipulated in Article 39 of the Constitution and the Parliamentary Elections Act, is declared to have been elected a Member of Parliament (MP) without constituency representation, despite having lost in a general election, by virtue of having been one of the opposition candidates with the highest vote shares among the unelected. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५५, ७ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28788623 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-29 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Immunolabeling]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Immunolabeling process image.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Immunolabeling''' is a biochemical process that enables the detection and localization of an antigen to a particular site within a cell, tissue, or organ. Antigens are organic molecules, usually proteins, capable of binding to an antibody. These antigens can be visualized using a combination of antigen-specific antibody as well as a means of detection, called a tag, that is covalently linked to the antibody <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> ---[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:२९, १४ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28945528 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-30 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Vespa analis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Plumpy hornet on the ground - 1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Vespa analis''''', the yellow-vented hornet, is a species of common hornet found in Southeast Asia <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१३, २१ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=28984647 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-31 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:pt:Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Baía dos Porcos - Fernando de Noronha (32811749914).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Fernando de Noronha Marine National Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho de Fernando de Noronha) is a national park in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:२५, २८ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29047614 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-32 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Xie Zhiliu]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Xie Zhiliu''' (Chinese: 谢稚柳; 1910–1997) was a leading traditional painter, calligrapher, and art connoisseur of modern China. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०६, ४ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29077280 --> == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1299914 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-33 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lethocerus patruelis]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lethocerus patruelis.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lethocerus patruelis''''' is a giant water bug in the family Belostomatidae. It is native to southeastern Europe, through Southwest Asia, to Pakistan, India and Burma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०५, ११ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29085671 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-34 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Ikiza]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:CIA map of Burundi and surrounding countries during 1972 killings.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Ikiza''' (variously translated from Kirundi as the Catastrophe, the Great Calamity, and the Scourge), or the Ubwicanyi (Killings), was a series of mass killings—often characterised as a genocide—which were committed in Burundi in 1972 by the Tutsi-dominated army and government, primarily against educated and elite Hutus who lived in the country. Conservative estimates place the death toll of the event between 100,000 and 150,000 killed, while some estimates of the death toll go as high as 300,000. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, १८ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-35 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Corallite]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Recent azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) - ZooKeys-227-001-g004.jpeg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''corallite''' is the skeletal cup, formed by an individual stony coral polyp, in which the polyp sits and into which it can retract. The cup is composed of aragonite, a crystalline form of calcium carbonate, and is secreted by the polyp. Corallites vary in size, but in most colonial corals they are less than 3 mm (0.12 in) in diameter. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, २५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29115447 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-36 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Diksam Plateau]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Dixam plateau (6407168437).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Diksam Plateau''' or Dixam Plateau (Arabic: دكسم) is a limestone plateau in Socotra, Yemen. The Firmihin forest, located east of the Dirhur canyon within the plateau, has the highest concentration of Dragon's Blood Trees on the entire island. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२५, १ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-37 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Ttongsul]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:ja:トンスル]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Ttongsul (imitation).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''ttongsul''' (똥술), o vino di feci, è una tradizionale preparazione medicinale coreana con gradazione alcolica al 9% a base di feci, solitamente umane e preferibilmente di bambino. Nato probabilmente traendo spunto dalla medicina tradizionale cinese, nelle credenze popolari il vino di feci avrebbe proprietà benefiche per molti tipi di malesseri: sarebbe un rimedio per dolori muscolari, ustioni, infiammazioni, epilessia e fratture ossee. Sebbene alcuni media occidentali abbiano in passato riportato che questa bevanda sia diffusa tra la popolazione coreana, al giorno d'oggi un numero molto limitato di persone ne fa uso, dopo aver subito un declino di popolarità nei secoli scorsi, tanto che la maggioranza dei giovani coreani non ne ha mai sentito parlare. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१३, ८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29195081 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-38 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pak Kum-chol]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pak Kum-chol in 1961 (cropped).jpg|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pak Kum-chol''' was a North Korean politician. Having been a guerrilla during the anti-Japanese struggle, he became a high-ranking politician after the liberation of Korea. Pak aligned himself with his former guerrilla brothers in arms from the Kapsan Operation Committee to form a faction within the ruling Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) called the "Kapsan faction". This faction sought to replace Kim Il Sung with Pak. Kim retaliated by purging the faction in 1967 in what is known as the Kapsan faction incident. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०३, १५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29249252 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-39 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Federation of Central America (1921–1922)]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Federación de Centro América (1921-1922)]])&#32;([[:ar:اتحاد أمريكا الوسطى (1921-1922)]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Central America's Northern Triangle (orthographic projection).png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Federation of Central America''' (Spanish: Federación de Centro América)[1] was a short-lived federal republic that existed in Central America between 1921 and 1922. The federation consisted of the Central American nations of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३०, २२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29311347 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-40 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Palazzo delle Poste (Latina)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Postelittoria2.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Palazzo delle Poste''', fino al 1945 Ricevitoria Postelegrafonica di Littoria, è un edificio postale di Latina, situato in piazzale dei Bonificatori. Costruito nel 1932 in stile razionalista con influenze futuriste, riscontrabili nell'utilizzo di ampie superfici vetrate e di volumi verticali, oltre che per la presenza di l’utilizzo di materiali e scelte di design molto in voga all'epoca come, come i mattoni a vista, il travertino di Tivoli e l'Anticorodal (una lega di alluminio), ospita l'ufficio postale Latina Centro. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:४३, २९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-41 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Majed Abu Maraheel]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Majed Abu Maraheel''' was a Palestinian long-distance runner, football player, security officer, and athletics coach, who was the first Palestinian to compete at the Olympic Games. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:३३, ६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-42 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Abortion in Eritrea]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> In Eritrea, abortion is banned except on the grounds of pregnancy from rape or incest, pregnancy of a minor, or risk to physical or mental health. Legal abortions require medical or judicial approval. Prior to Eritrea's independence, it applied Ethiopia's abortion law of the 1950s, which banned abortion unless life-saving. After independence, the 1991 penal code adapted this law to lift punishments on abortions on the grounds of rape, incest, or risk to life or health, but legal abortions did not exist in effect. The penal codes of 2001 and 2015 required physicians to prove health grounds for abortion. Unsafe abortion is common and contributes to maternal mortality in Eritrea. Post-abortion care is unavailable in some regions. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:५१, १३ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29341788 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-43 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Auschwitz Liberated January 1945.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> On 27 January 1945, Auschwitz—a Nazi concentration camp and extermination camp in occupied Poland where more than a million people were murdered as part of the Nazis' "Final Solution" to the Jewish question—was liberated by the Soviet Red Army during the Vistula–Oder Offensive. Although most of the prisoners had been forced onto a death march, about 7,000 had been left behind. The Soviet soldiers attempted to help the survivors and were shocked at the scale of Nazi crimes. The date is recognized as International Holocaust Remembrance Day. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, २० अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29452019 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-44 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Black Diaries]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Black Diaries''' are diaries purported to have been written by the Irish revolutionary Roger Casement, which contained accounts of homosexual liaisons with young men. They cover the years 1903, 1910 and 1911 (two) and were handed in to Scotland Yard after his capture in April 1916. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३६, २७ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29487357 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-45 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Consolations (Liszt)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Franz Liszt - Consolation No. 3, Lento placido.ogg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Consolations''', S. 171a/172 (German: Tröstungen) are a set of six solo piano works by Franz Liszt. The compositions take the musical style of nocturnes with each having its own distinctive style. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३७, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29558323 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-46 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Marine coastal ecosystem]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Vegetation and fauna processes controlling benthic biogeochemical fluxes.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''marine coastal ecosystem''' is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Worldwide there is about 620,000 kilometres (390,000 mi) of coastline. Coastal habitats extend to the margins of the continental shelves, occupying about 7 percent of the ocean surface area. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds. Salt marshes are coastal wetlands which thrive on low-energy shorelines in temperate and high-latitude areas, populated with salt-tolerant plants such as cordgrass and marsh elder that provide important nursery areas for many species of fish and shellfish. Mangrove forests survive in the intertidal zones of tropical or subtropical coasts, populated by salt-tolerant trees that protect habitat for many marine species, including crabs, shrimp, and fish. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३९, १० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29584005 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-47 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Elephant communication]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Three elephant's curly kisses.jpg|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Elephants communicate''' via touching, visual displays, vocalisations, seismic vibrations, and semiochemicals. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०९, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-48 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Animal-made art]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Painting Queen 1024x768.png|center|300px|]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Animal-made art''' consists of works by non-human animals, that have been considered by humans to be artistic, including visual works, music, photography, and videography. Some of these are created naturally by animals, often as courtship displays, while others are created with human involvement. There have been debates about the copyright status of these works, with the United States Copyright Office stating in 2014 that works that lack human authorship cannot have their copyright registered at the US Copyright Office. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29627457 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-49 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Halachic state]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The term "'''halachic state'''" (Hebrew: מְדִינַת הֲלָכָה‎ Medīnat Hălāḵā) refers to a sovereign state that endorses Judaism in an official capacity and governs by Jewish religious law. It has been a subject of discussion among Orthodox Jews, particularly with regard to modern Israel, which, although a Jewish state, is not classified as a theocracy. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:४६, १ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-50 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:ru:Сто лошадей]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:One Hundred Horses]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:A_Hundred_Steeds.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''One Hundred Horses''''' (Chinese: 百駿圖) is a Qing dynasty silk and ink painting by Giuseppe Castiglione. It was painted in 1728 for the Yongzheng emperor. The painting depicts a hundred horses in a variety of poses and activities, combining Western realism with traditional Chinese composition and brushwork. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१४, ८ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29719355 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-51 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:First Universal Races Congress]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:fr:Premier Congrès universel des races]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Universal Races Congress seated outside the entrance to the Imperial Institute, London, 1911.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''First Universal Races Congress''' met in 1911 for four days at the University of London as an early effort at anti-racism. Speakers from a number of countries discussed race relations and how to improve them. The congress, with 2,100 attendees, was organised by prominent humanists of that era. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४१, १५ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29779168 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2025-52 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2025 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pin Malakul]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Pin Malakul, January 1922.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pin Malakul''' (24 October 1903 – 5 October 1995) was a Thai professor, educator and writer. His contributions to education in Thailand include the establishment of various institutions of higher education, the introduction of fixed class schedules, and the implementation of teacher-training programmes. In his career he served as Director-General of the Department of General Education, later becoming Permanent Secretary, and Minister, of Education. He was also a member of the executive board of UNESCO. His writings earned him the title of National Artist in 1987, and the 100th anniversary of his birth was celebrated by the UNESCO in 2003 as recognition of his contribution to the advancement of education in Thailand and Southeast Asia. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> -[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:११, २२ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-01 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:The Morning of the Magicians]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Le Matin des magiciens, couverture.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''The Morning of the Magicians: Introduction to Fantastic Realism''''' (French: Le Matin des magiciens: Introduction au réalisme fantastique) is a 1960 book by the journalists Louis Pauwels and Jacques Bergier. It covers topics like cryptohistory, ufology, occultism in Nazism, alchemy, spiritual philosophy. The second half of the book is entirely dedicated to the Nazi-Occult connections; the book is widely credited with the proliferation of numerous myths related to occultism in Nazism. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:०५, २९ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29802495 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-02 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Somaliland War of Independence]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Somaliland, fighters of the Somali National Movement (SNM), 1980s.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Somaliland War of Independence''' was a rebellion waged by the Somali National Movement (SNM) against the ruling military junta in Somalia led by General Siad Barre lasting from its founding on 6 April 1981 and ended on 18 May 1991 when the SNM declared what was then northern Somalia independent as the Republic of Somaliland. The conflict served as the main theater of the larger Somali Rebellion that started in 1978. The conflict was in response to the harsh policies enacted by the Barre regime against the main clan family in Somaliland, the Isaaq, including a declaration of economic warfare on the clan-family. These harsh policies were put into effect shortly after the conclusion of the disastrous Ogaden War in 1978. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४५, ५ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29871911 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-03 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Pietro Lauro]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Pietro Lauro]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Master I.A.V.F., Pietro Lauro, born 1508, Modenese Poet and Scholar (obverse), 1555, NGA 45072.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pietro Lauro''', conosciuto anche come Pietro Lauro Modonese o Pietro Lauro da Modona (Modena o dintorni, 1510 circa – Venezia, 1568 circa) è stato un traduttore, scrittore e divulgatore scientifico italiano. Nonostante non si conosca gran parte della sua biografia, fu uno dei poligrafi italiani più conosciuti del Cinquecento. La sua produzione raccoglie traduzioni dal latino, dal greco e dallo spagnolo e riguardano opere di autori classici, stranieri e protestanti. Lauro si dimostrò abile nel trattare testi con temi molto diversi, come la filosofia, l'architettura, la medicina, il giardinaggio, l'agronomia, le scienze biologiche, la storia, la teologia e l'astronomia. Si cimentò anche nella scrittura di un poema cavalleresco sullo stile di quelli spagnoli, il Polendo, sua magnum opus in questo senso. Aderente alla Riforma protestante, sebbene le sue trasposizioni siano state oggetto di critiche già degli autori a lui contemporanei, che le giudicarono troppo letterali, rozze e imparziali, a Lauro si deve il merito di aver ultimato la traduzione in lingua volgare di numerosi testi sia classici, sia scientifici, sia epistolari. I suoi lavori ebbero una notevole diffusione, non solo tra i letterati veneziani della sua epoca, ma in tutta Italia, tanto che alcune sue traduzioni vengono ancora oggi ristampate in nuove edizioni. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३०, १२ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29894468 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-04 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Volto di Palazzo Vecchio]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Piazza della signoria angolo via della ninna, palazzo vecchio, cantonata con testa scolpita 02.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''volto di Palazzo Vecchio''' (conosciuto anche come L'importuno o L'inopportuno) è un incisione su pietraforte attibuita a Michelangelo Buonarroti, scolpita in una delle pietre di Palazzo Vecchio a Firenze. Secondo le varie leggende, il profilo sarebbe stato realizzato come graffito dall'artista toscano, con soggetto un suo importunatore, un debitore, un condannato a morte o se stesso. Nel 2020, gli studiosi hanno ipotizzato possa invece trattarsi di un ritratto di Francesco Granacci, pittore amico di Michelangelo. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५९, १९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-05 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Raffaello Kobayashi]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:en:Raffaello Kobayashi]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Raffaello Kobayashi''', nato Raffaele Sanzio (Bari, 14 gennaio 1917 – Yokohama, 1 aprile 2011), è stato un militare italiano naturalizzato giapponese. Sommergibilista durante la Seconda guerra mondiale, prestò servizio per tutte e tre le principali Potenze dell'Asse: Regno d'Italia, Germania nazista e Impero giapponese. Alla fine della guerra si nascose in Giappone per evitare di subire l'internamento in un campo di prigionia, divenendo poi cittadino nipponico e cambiando il proprio nome. Prese parte all'affondamento della HMS Calypso nel 1940, primo successo italiano in campo navale nel corso del conflitto mondiale. Con l'abbattimento di un bombardiere statunitense il 22 agosto 1945, otto giorni dopo il discorso di resa del Giappone alle potenze alleate della seconda guerra mondiale, a bordo del Comandante Cappellini, sarebbe stata l'ultima persona in assoluto a mettere fuori combattimento un velivolo degli Alleati nella stessa guerra. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५१, २६ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-06 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Censorship in the Czech Republic]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:cs:Cenzura v Česku]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Censorship in the Czech Republic''' had been highly active until 17 November 1989 and the fall of Communism in the former Czechoslovakia. Czech Republic was ranked as the 13th most free country in the World Press Freedom Index in 2014. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१७, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-07 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Jacquemart de Hesdin 002.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Petites Heures of Jean de France, Duc de Berry''' is an illuminated book of hours commissioned by John, Duke of Berry between 1375 and 1385–90. It is known for its ornate miniature leaves and border decorations. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:४४, ९ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-08 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Lysmata grabhami]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lysmata grabhami1.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Lysmata grabhami''''' is a species of saltwater shrimp in the family Hippolytidae. It was first described by Gordon in 1935. It occurs in the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean and is a cleaner shrimp, operating a cleaning station to which fish come to have parasites removed. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:३०, १६ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=29945240 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-09 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Elefante di Cremona]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:de:Elefant von Cremona]])&#32;([[:eo:Elefanto de Cremona]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Matthew Paris Elephant from Parker MS 16 fol 151v.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> L''''elefante di Cremona''' (Asia, prima del 1228 - Parma, gennaio 1248) fu un esemplare di elefante donato nel 1228 a Federico II di Svevia da parte del sultano ayyubide al-Malik al-Kamil durante gli incontri che porteranno alla Pace di Giaffa. Usato principalmente per le manifestazioni trionfali del sovrano, l'elefante è citato da numerosi cronachisti e testimoni dell'epoca ed è noto per aver trainato il Carroccio dopo la grande vittoria delle armate di Federico II nella battaglia di Cortenuova del 1237. Rimasto a lungo nell'immaginario popolare collettivo, l'animale venne ucciso durante alcuni scontri occorsi nelle settimane immediatamente precedenti alla battaglia di Parma. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२८, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-10 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Treaty of the Danish West Indies]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:The Virgin islands of the United States of America; historical and descriptive, commercial and industrial facts, figures, and resources (1918) (14596880870).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Treaty of the Danish West Indies''' (Danish: Vestindiens traktat), officially the Convention between the United States and Denmark for cession of the Danish West Indies (Danish: Konventionen mellem USA og Danmark), was a 1916 treaty transferring sovereignty of the Danish West Indies from Denmark to the United States in exchange for a sum of US$25,000,000 in gold ($722 million in 2024) and a declaration from the United States that it would "not object to the Danish Government extending their political and economic interests to the whole of Greenland". It is one of the most recent permanent expansions of United States territory. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, २ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-11 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Steens Mountain]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Steens Mountain near Andrews, Oregon.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Steens Mountain''' is a large fault-block mountain in the northwest United States, located in Harney County, Oregon. Stretching some fifty miles (80 km) north to south, on its east side it rises from the Alvord Desert at an elevation of about 4,200 feet (1,280 m) to 9,738 feet (2,968 m) at the summit. Steens Mountain is not part of a mountain range but is properly a single mountain, the largest of Oregon's fault-block mountains. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१६, ९ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30097839 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-12 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Casque (anatomy)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Great hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Photograph by Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''casque''' is an anatomical feature found in some species of birds, reptiles, and amphibians. In birds, it is an enlargement of the bones of the upper mandible or the skull, either on the front of the face, the top of the head, or both. The casque has been hypothesized to serve as a visual cue to a bird's sex, state of maturity, or social status; as reinforcement to the beak's structure; or as a resonance chamber, enhancing calls. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२८, १६ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-13 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Etruscan sculpture]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Frontone A del grande tempio di luni con concilio degli dei, 175-150 ac. ca. 01.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Etruscan sculpture''' was one of the most important artistic expressions of the Etruscan people, who inhabited the regions of Northern Italy and Central Italy between about the 9th century BC and the 1st century BC. Etruscan art was largely a derivation of Greek art, although developed with many characteristics of its own. Given the almost total lack of Etruscan written documents, a problem compounded by the paucity of information on their language—still largely undeciphered—it is in their art that the keys to the reconstruction of their history are to be found, although Greek and Roman chronicles are also of great help. Like its culture in general, Etruscan sculpture has many obscure aspects for scholars, being the subject of controversy and forcing them to propose their interpretations always tentatively, but the consensus is that it was part of the most important and original legacy of Italian art and even contributed significantly to the initial formation of the artistic traditions of ancient Rome. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५२, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30245038 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> ==[[:नेलाङ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:नेलाङ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:नेलाङ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०५, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) ==[[:इन्टोसाइ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:इन्टोसाइ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:इन्टोसाइ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-14 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Pulse (nightclub)]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Orlando FL Pulse Nightclub01.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Pulse''' was a gay bar, dance club, and nightclub in Orlando, Florida, founded in 2004 by Barbara Poma and Ron Legler. On June 12, 2016, the club was the scene of the second-deadliest mass shooting by a single gunman in U.S. history, and the second-deadliest terrorist attack on U.S. soil since the September 11 attacks. Forty-nine people were killed and 58 other people were injured. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:२२, ३० मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-15 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Tofana di Rozes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Tofana di Rozes 04.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Tofana di Rozes''' (3,225 metres (10,581 ft)) is a mountain of the Dolomites in the Province of Belluno, Veneto, Italy. Located west of the resort of Cortina d'Ampezzo, the mountain's giant three-edged pyramid shape and its vertical south face, above the Falzarego Pass, makes it the most popular peak in the Tofane group, and one of the most popular in the Dolomites. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:१२, ६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-16 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Very-low-calorie diet]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Green smoothie (8222465502).jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> A '''very-low-calorie diet''' (VLCD), also known as semistarvation diet and crash diet, is a type of diet with very or extremely low daily food energy consumption. VLCDs are defined as a diet of 800 kilocalories (3,300 kJ) per day or less. Modern medically supervised VLCDs use total meal replacements, with regulated formulations in Europe and Canada which contain the recommended daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, trace elements, fatty acids, protein and electrolyte balance. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:४१, १३ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30306870 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-17 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Chromodoris willani]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Babosa de mar (Chromodoris willani), Anilao, Filipinas, 2023-08-24, DD 34.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''''Chromodoris willani''''', commonly known as Willan's chromodoris, is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae. The species is named for the renowned nudibranch taxonomist Dr. Richard C. Willan. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१९, २० अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30430366 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-18 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Platypus venom]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Platypus spur.JPG|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The platypus is one of the few living mammals to produce venom. The venom is made in venom glands that are connected to hollow spurs on their hind legs; it is primarily made during the mating season.[1] While the venom's effects are described as extremely painful, it is not lethal to humans. Many archaic mammal groups possess similar tarsal spurs, so it is thought that, rather than having developed this characteristic uniquely, the platypus simply inherited this characteristic from its ancestors. Rather than being a unique outlier, the platypus is the last demonstration of what was once a common mammalian characteristic, and it can be used as a model for non-therian mammals and their venom delivery and properties. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४९, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30449041 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-19 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Kuwait National Assembly Building]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Kuwait City Arabian Gulf Street 10.jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Kuwait National Assembly Building''' is the building that housed the National Assembly of Kuwait. Designed by Danish architect Jørn Utzon in 1972, it was completed in 1982 under the direction of his son Jan. The structural design was by Max Walt. The building was seriously damaged in February 1991 when retreating Iraqi troops set it on fire but has since been restored. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:०१, ४ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30464799 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-20 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Macau National Security Law]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Lei relative à defesa da segurança do Estado projecto.JPG|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''Macau National Security Law''' is a law in Macau which prohibits and punishes acts of treason, secession, and subversion against the Central government, as well as preparative acts leading to any of the three acts. Taken into effect on 3 March 2009, the purpose of the law is to fulfil Article 23 of the Macau Basic Law, the de facto constitution of the Macau Special Administration Region. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:३८, ११ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30513945 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:५०, २१ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as "The Forbidden Fruit"). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a "scientific fraud". <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०८:१७, २५ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''<br /> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:Umuganda"Rwandan community work".jpg|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> '''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine. The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:४०, १ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30529698 --> == Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" style="width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;"> <div style="text-align:center;">The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is <div style="font-size:140%;">'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''<br /> <small>''([[:kr:주령구]])&#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''</small> </div> Please be bold and help translate this article! </div> ---- [[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]] <div style="text-align:left; padding: .4em;"> Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata. L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. <small>(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)</small> ---- [[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]] ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]'' </div> </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:०५, ८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&oldid=30622359 --> rx9tvrd23b186hsthbt9y76kkqp56zu 3 91612 1358111 1358002 2026-06-07T14:11:42Z A826 60418 Bot: Added missing </div> tag to close outer div in WAM 2025 Barnstar message 1358111 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Talk header}} == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == तपाईले मुख्य पृष्ठमा राख्नु भएको अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ सम्बन्धी जानकारीलाई मुख्य पृष्ठमा स्थायी स्थानमा नराखि केन्द्रीय सूचना पाटीमा राख्दा उचित हुने भएको हुँदा सुझावको रूपमा अनुरोध राखेको छ। [[User:Nirjal stha|nShrestha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३३, २ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) :सुझावका लागि धन्यवाद। यो जानकारी मुख्य पृष्ठमा राखिएको उद्देश्य अभियानलाई बढी पहुँच दिलाउनु र नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सम्पादकहरूको संख्या बढाउनु हो, किनकि हाल सक्रिय सम्पादकहरू कम छन्। यो अस्थायी रूपमा मात्र राखिएको हो, र १ वैशाख २०८३ मा अभियान समाप्त भएपछि हटाइनेछ। आवश्यक परेमा यसबारे थप छलफल गर्न सकिन्छ। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:५८, २ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Next Steps and Feedback meeting for Feminism and Folklore Organizers == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge; padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]] <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr" style="padding: 1em 2em;"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> Dear Organizer, I hope this message finds you well. First and foremost, on behalf of the International Team I want to extend my gratitude to you for your efforts in organizing the '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' campaign on your local Wikipedia. Your contribution has been instrumental in bridging the gender and folk gap on Wikipedia, and we truly appreciate your dedication to this important cause. As the campaign has ended I wanted to inform you about the next steps. It's time to commence the jury process using the CampWiz or Fountain tool where your campaign was hosted. Please ensure that you update the details of the jury, campaign links and the names of organizers accurately on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|sign-up page]]. Once the jury process is completed, kindly update only the top 3 winners details on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|results page]] accordingly. The deadline for jury submission of results is '''April 30, 2026'''. However, if you find that the number of articles is high and you require more time, please don't hesitate to inform us via email or on campaign Meta Wiki talk page. We are more than willing to approve an extension if needed. Should you encounter any issues with the tools, please feel free to reach out to us on Telegram for assistance. Your feedback and progress updates are crucial for us to improve the campaign and better understand your community's insights. Therefore, we kindly ask you to spare just an hour to collectively share your progress and achievements with us during our '''[[:m:Event:Feminism and Folklore 2026 Post-Campaign Office Hour|community feedback session]]'''. Your input will greatly assist us in making the campaign more meaningful and impactful. Thank you once again for your hard work and dedication to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts are deeply appreciated, and we look forward to hearing from you soon. Warm regards, [[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]] on behalf of Feminism and Folklore International Team <nowiki>#WeTogether</nowiki> </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:४२, ११ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/fnf26&oldid=30391231 --> == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) on ००:१५, १२ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> ==[[:मद्रिद]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, तथा तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ। तपाईँद्वारा सृजित पृष्ठ, [[:मद्रिद]], परिक्षण पृष्ठ सरह, [[वि:शीमे#सा२|सा२]] अन्तर्गत चिह्नित गरिएकोले मेटाइयो वा शीघ्र मेटाइनेछ भनि यो सूचित गरिन्छ। तपाईँले गर्न चाहनुहुने कुनै पनि अन्य परीक्षणहरूको लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]को प्रयोग गर्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँ हाम्रो ज्ञानकोशमा योगदान पुर्‍याउने बारेमा बढी जान्न चाहानुहुन्छ भने [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] पृष्ठमा हेर्नुहोस्। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:मद्रिद|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-test-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] ०६:२०, ३० अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Final Reminder: Submission of Local Winners for Feminism and Folklore 2026 == Dear Feminism and Folklore organiser, This is a friendly reminder that the deadline for submitting the names and details of your local winners for '''Feminism and Folklore 2026''' is '''5 June 2026'''. Please ensure that your community's [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Results|winner information]] is submitted before this date. Communities that do not provide their winner data by the deadline will unfortunately not be eligible for prize distribution, and the international organizing team will not be able to accommodate late submissions received after 5 June 2026. Thank you for your prompt attention to this matter and for your participation in the campaign. Best regards, '''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team''' --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:५४, ३ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30627457 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> fgsh3a0i0kf94ixnpw8wg86fnnmwhon 0 92798 1358337 1352866 2026-06-08T04:44:26Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1358337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिकाको वडा विभाजन | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका.png | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = गण्डकी प्रदेशको नक्सामा {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को अवस्थिति | pushpin_map = Nepal Gandaki Province#Nepal <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-4/district-gorkha/chumnubri?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = निमा लामा <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = लक्ष्मी गुरुङ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २७ फागुन २०७३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1648.65<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=4&district=36&municipality=1|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 5932 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|28.05|84.50|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०६४ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविकको [[सिर्दिबास]] गाविसको [[कार्यालय]] | website = [https://www.chumanuwrimun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[गोरखा जिल्ला]]का ९ वटा [[गाउँपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, गाउँपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[समागाउँ]], [[ल्हो]], [[सिर्दिबास]], [[प्रोक]], [[बिही]], [[चुम्चेत]] र [[छेकम्पार]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५,९३२ रहेको छ भने यहाँ २,०६८ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ चुमनुब्री गाउँपालिकाको वडा विवरण |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (प्रति व.कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[सामागाउँ]] || ५२५ || ३४२ || १.५४ |- | २ || [[ल्हो]] || ५१४ || २०० || २.५७ |- | ३ || [[सिर्दिबास]] || २,३२१ || २५८ || ९.०० |- | ४ || [[प्रोक]] || ४७३ || २०४ || २.३२ |- | ५ || [[बिही]] || ४८२ || १२१ || ३.९८ |- | ६ || [[चुम्चेत]] || ८०५ || २०७ || ३.८९ |- | ७ || [[छेकम्पार]] || ८१२ || ३१७ || २.५६ |- ! कुल !! !! ५,९३२ !! १,६४९ !! ३.६० |} ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिकाको क्षेत्रफल १६४८.६५ वर्ग किलोमिटर रहेको छ। यो गाउँपालिका ७ [[वडा]]हरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। यसको सीमाना पूर्वमा [[चीन]], पश्चिममाा [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]] र [[लमजुङ जिल्ला]], उत्तरमा [[चीन]] र दक्षिणमा [[अजिरकोट गाउँपालिका|अजिरकोट]], [[बारपाक सुलिकोट गाउँपालिका|बारपाक सुलीकोट]] र [[धार्चे गाउँपालिका]]सँग जोडिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका कायमगर्ने गरी उक्त एकाईहरूको नाम, संख्या, सीमाना, केन्द्र र वडाको सीमाना सहितको विवरण|url=http://www.mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list|website=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मन्त्रालय|publisher=[[नेपाल सरकार]]|accessdate=२०७३ फाल्गुण २७}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317214821/http://mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{गोरखा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ जिल्ला समन्वय समितिको कार्यालय, गोरखा] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615235627/http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ |date=2017-06-15 }} [[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गण्डकी प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] 5ld3t3jrwc2ihwkxfm0dk62a5o6y05y 1358343 1358337 2026-06-08T05:21:26Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1358343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका#गोरखा जिल्ला#गण्डकी प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-4/district-gorkha/chumnubri?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = निमा लामा <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = लक्ष्मी गुरुङ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २७ फागुन २०७३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1648.65<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=4&district=36&municipality=1|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 5932 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|28.05|84.50|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०६४ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविकको [[सिर्दिबास]] गाविसको [[कार्यालय]] | website = [https://www.chumanuwrimun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[गोरखा जिल्ला]]का ९ वटा [[गाउँपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, गाउँपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[सामागाउँ]], [[ल्हो]], [[सिर्दिबास]], [[प्रोक]], [[बिही]], [[चुम्चेत]] र [[छेकम्पार]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५,९३२ रहेको छ भने यहाँ २,०६८ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ चुमनुब्री गाउँपालिकाको वडा विवरण |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (प्रति व.कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[सामागाउँ]] || ५२५ || ३४२ || १.५४ |- | २ || [[ल्हो]] || ५१४ || २०० || २.५७ |- | ३ || [[सिर्दिबास]] || २,३२१ || २५८ || ९.०० |- | ४ || [[प्रोक]] || ४७३ || २०४ || २.३२ |- | ५ || [[बिही]] || ४८२ || १२१ || ३.९८ |- | ६ || [[चुम्चेत]] || ८०५ || २०७ || ३.८९ |- | ७ || [[छेकम्पार]] || ८१२ || ३१७ || २.५६ |- ! कुल !! !! ५,९३२ !! १,६४९ !! ३.६० |} ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिकाको क्षेत्रफल १६४८.६५ वर्ग किलोमिटर रहेको छ। यो गाउँपालिका ७ [[वडा]]हरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। यसको सीमाना पूर्वमा [[चीन]], पश्चिममाा [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]] र [[लमजुङ जिल्ला]], उत्तरमा [[चीन]] र दक्षिणमा [[अजिरकोट गाउँपालिका|अजिरकोट]], [[बारपाक सुलिकोट गाउँपालिका|बारपाक सुलीकोट]] र [[धार्चे गाउँपालिका]]सँग जोडिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका कायमगर्ने गरी उक्त एकाईहरूको नाम, संख्या, सीमाना, केन्द्र र वडाको सीमाना सहितको विवरण|url=http://www.mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list|website=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मन्त्रालय|publisher=[[नेपाल सरकार]]|accessdate=२०७३ फाल्गुण २७}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317214821/http://mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{गोरखा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ जिल्ला समन्वय समितिको कार्यालय, गोरखा] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615235627/http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ |date=2017-06-15 }} [[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गण्डकी प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] 8gzlcly6m1efpqtaa28cwvurti3yjtz 1358347 1358343 2026-06-08T05:25:03Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1358347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका#गोरखा जिल्ला#गण्डकी प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-4/district-gorkha/chumnubri?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = निमा लामा <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = लक्ष्मी गुरुङ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २७ फागुन २०७३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1648.65<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=4&district=36&municipality=1|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 5932 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|28.51|84.80|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०६४ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविकको [[सिर्दिबास]] गाविसको [[कार्यालय]] | website = [https://www.chumanuwrimun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[गोरखा जिल्ला]]का ९ वटा [[गाउँपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, गाउँपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[सामागाउँ]], [[ल्हो]], [[सिर्दिबास]], [[प्रोक]], [[बिही]], [[चुम्चेत]] र [[छेकम्पार]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५,९३२ रहेको छ भने यहाँ २,०६८ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ चुमनुब्री गाउँपालिकाको वडा विवरण |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (प्रति व.कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[सामागाउँ]] || ५२५ || ३४२ || १.५४ |- | २ || [[ल्हो]] || ५१४ || २०० || २.५७ |- | ३ || [[सिर्दिबास]] || २,३२१ || २५८ || ९.०० |- | ४ || [[प्रोक]] || ४७३ || २०४ || २.३२ |- | ५ || [[बिही]] || ४८२ || १२१ || ३.९८ |- | ६ || [[चुम्चेत]] || ८०५ || २०७ || ३.८९ |- | ७ || [[छेकम्पार]] || ८१२ || ३१७ || २.५६ |- ! कुल !! !! ५,९३२ !! १,६४९ !! ३.६० |} ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिकाको क्षेत्रफल १६४८.६५ वर्ग किलोमिटर रहेको छ। यो गाउँपालिका ७ [[वडा]]हरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। यसको सीमाना पूर्वमा [[चीन]], पश्चिममाा [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]] र [[लमजुङ जिल्ला]], उत्तरमा [[चीन]] र दक्षिणमा [[अजिरकोट गाउँपालिका|अजिरकोट]], [[बारपाक सुलिकोट गाउँपालिका|बारपाक सुलीकोट]] र [[धार्चे गाउँपालिका]]सँग जोडिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका कायमगर्ने गरी उक्त एकाईहरूको नाम, संख्या, सीमाना, केन्द्र र वडाको सीमाना सहितको विवरण|url=http://www.mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list|website=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मन्त्रालय|publisher=[[नेपाल सरकार]]|accessdate=२०७३ फाल्गुण २७}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317214821/http://mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{गोरखा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ जिल्ला समन्वय समितिको कार्यालय, गोरखा] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615235627/http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ |date=2017-06-15 }} [[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गण्डकी प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] ii33j76rbkfhpm63x2u149yus1xz156 1358348 1358347 2026-06-08T05:26:07Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 /* */ 1358348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- आधारभूत जानकारी -->| name = | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = [[गाउँपालिका]] | motto = <!-- images and maps --> | image_skyline = चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका (गाविस सहित).png | image_caption = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_map = | pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_map = चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका#गोरखा जिल्ला#गण्डकी प्रदेश#नेपाल <!-- अवस्थिति--> | subdivision_type = [[देश]] | subdivision_name = {{झण्डा|नेपाल}} | subdivision_type1 = [[नेपालका प्रदेशहरू|प्रदेश]] | subdivision_name1 = [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]] | subdivision_type2 = [[नेपालका जिल्लाहरू|जिल्ला]] | subdivision_name2 = [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] |<!-- राजनीति--> | government_footnotes =<ref name="निर्वाचन २०७९">{{cite news|title=स्थानीय तह निर्वाचन २०७९|url=https://localelection2079.ekantipur.com/pradesh-4/district-gorkha/chumnubri?lng=nep|accessdate=०९ साउन २०८१|language=नेपाली|publisher=कान्तिपुर दैनिक}}</ref> | government_type = | leader_title = अध्यक्ष | leader_name = निमा लामा <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | leader_title1 = उपाध्यक्ष | leader_name1 = लक्ष्मी गुरुङ <small> ([[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]]) | established_title = स्थापित | established_date = २७ फागुन २०७३ | unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 1648.65<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |population_as_of = [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]] |population_footnotes =<ref name="जनगणना २०७८">{{cite web |title=जनसङ्ख्याको आकार र वितरण|url=https://censusnepal.cbs.gov.np/results/np/population?province=4&district=36&municipality=1|accessdate=२९ जेठ २०८१|work=राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८|publisher=[[राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय (नेपाल)|राष्ट्रिय तथ्याङ्क कार्यालय]]|language=नेपाली}}</ref> | population_total = 5932 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_blank1_title = Ethnicities <!-- साधारण जानकारी -->| timezone = [[नेपालको प्रमाणिक समय|नेपाली समय]] | utc_offset = +५:४५ | timezone_DST = | utc_offset_DST = | coordinates = {{coord|28.51|84.80|type:adm2nd_region:NP_source:unmaps-enwiki|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags--> | elevation_m = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --> | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = +९७७-०६४ | blank_name = केन्द्र | blank_info = साविकको [[सिर्दिबास]] गाविसको [[कार्यालय]] | website = [https://www.chumanuwrimun.gov.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] | footnotes = }} '''{{पृष्ठको नाम}}''' [[गोरखा जिल्ला]]का ९ वटा [[गाउँपालिका]]हरू मध्ये एक हो।<ref name="गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिका">{{cite web|title=हेर्नुहोस्, तपाईँ कुन गाउँपालिका वा नगरपालिकामा पर्नुभयो?|url=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/|publisher=सेतोपाटी|accessdate=फाल्गुन २०७३|ref=http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312170008/http://setopati.com/raajneeti/64651/ |date=2017-03-12 }}</ref> २७ फागुन २०७३ मा, गाउँपालिका घोषणा गर्दा साविकका [[सामागाउँ]], [[ल्हो]], [[सिर्दिबास]], [[प्रोक]], [[बिही]], [[चुम्चेत]] र [[छेकम्पार]] [[गाउँ विकास समिति (नेपाल)|गाविस]]हरू यसमा गाभिएका थिए। ==जनसङ्ख्या== [[नेपालको बाह्रौँ राष्ट्रिय जनगणना, २०७८|राष्ट्रिय जनगणना २०७८]]को जनगणना अनुसार {{पृष्ठको नाम}}को कुल जनसङ्ख्या ५,९३२ रहेको छ भने यहाँ २,०६८ घरधुरी रहेका छन्।<ref name="जनगणना २०७८"/> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;" |+ चुमनुब्री गाउँपालिकाको वडा विवरण |- ! वडा नं. !! समावेश साविकका गाविसहरू !! जनसङ्ख्या (२०७८) !! क्षेत्रफल (वर्ग कि.मी.) !! जनघनत्व (प्रति व.कि.मी.) |- | १ || [[सामागाउँ]] || ५२५ || ३४२ || १.५४ |- | २ || [[ल्हो]] || ५१४ || २०० || २.५७ |- | ३ || [[सिर्दिबास]] || २,३२१ || २५८ || ९.०० |- | ४ || [[प्रोक]] || ४७३ || २०४ || २.३२ |- | ५ || [[बिही]] || ४८२ || १२१ || ३.९८ |- | ६ || [[चुम्चेत]] || ८०५ || २०७ || ३.८९ |- | ७ || [[छेकम्पार]] || ८१२ || ३१७ || २.५६ |- ! कुल !! !! ५,९३२ !! १,६४९ !! ३.६० |} ==भौगोलिक अवस्थिति== चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिकाको क्षेत्रफल १६४८.६५ वर्ग किलोमिटर रहेको छ। यो गाउँपालिका ७ [[वडा]]हरूमा विभाजन गरिएको छ। यसको सीमाना पूर्वमा [[चीन]], पश्चिममाा [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]] र [[लमजुङ जिल्ला]], उत्तरमा [[चीन]] र दक्षिणमा [[अजिरकोट गाउँपालिका|अजिरकोट]], [[बारपाक सुलिकोट गाउँपालिका|बारपाक सुलीकोट]] र [[धार्चे गाउँपालिका]]सँग जोडिएको छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=गाउँपालिका र नगरपालिका कायमगर्ने गरी उक्त एकाईहरूको नाम, संख्या, सीमाना, केन्द्र र वडाको सीमाना सहितको विवरण|url=http://www.mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list|website=सङ्घीय मामिला तथा स्थानीय विकास मन्त्रालय|publisher=[[नेपाल सरकार]]|accessdate=२०७३ फाल्गुण २७}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190317214821/http://mofald.gov.np/ne/nepal-nagarpalika-gaupalika-list |date=2019-03-17 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{गोरखा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== *[http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ जिल्ला समन्वय समितिको कार्यालय, गोरखा] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170615235627/http://ddcgorkha.gov.np/ |date=2017-06-15 }} [[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:गण्डकी प्रदेशका गाउँपालिकाहरू]] pjl25pxthmxg2ijar39rrgjyn25avl8 3 95472 1358112 1358004 2026-06-07T14:16:55Z A826 60418 Bot: Added missing </div> tag to close outer div in WAM 2025 Barnstar message 1358112 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Namaste.gif|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb|सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्।]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू''' समस्त [[विकिपिडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईँलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपिडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष|विश्वकोश]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू सङ्ग्रहित हुन्छन्। *हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईँ हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी बनाऔँ। *विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईँ पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा पहिले देखि नै भएका लेखमा सामग्री थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपिडियामा तपाईँद्वारा सृजना गरिएका कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबैभन्दा पहिले दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईँको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपिडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकीको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपिडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *परीक्षणको लागि [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/प्रयोगस्थल|action=edit&preload=Template:User_Sandbox/preload}} आफ्नो प्रयोगस्थल] पृष्ठमा अभ्यास गर्नुहोस। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईँले एउटा विकिपिडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईँको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठको लिङ्क र मिति थपिने छ। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रबन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> |} - --[[Image:Smiley.svg|15px]][[User:Ram Prasad Joshee|'''<font color="#FF4500">आर॰पी॰</font> <font color="#008000">जोशी</font>''']] [[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font color="#2C39BB">वार्ता</font>]] १६:३५, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अथक मिहनतका साथ निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनु भएकोले तपाईंको मिहनतको कदर स्वरुप यो बार्नस्टार तपाईंको पृष्ठमा राखिएको छ । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २१:४४, ७ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{User|Prbtsubedi12345}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सक्रिय योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद । तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएका लेखहरू साना, असपष्ट, स्रोतहीन, विकीडेटासँग नजोडिएको, अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग तथा मेसिनले अनुवादित रहेको कारणले ध्यानाकर्षण भएको अवगत गराउन चाहन्छु । कृपया तपाईले निर्माण गर्नुभएका पृष्ठहरूमा अर्थपूर्ण सामग्रीका साथै अन्य मापदण्डहरू थपेर त्यसलाई यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद --[[Image:Star_प्रमुख.png|30px]][[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:४६, १३ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == पून: लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == {{ping|Prbtsubedi12345}} तपाइलाई यस अघि पनि विकिपिडिया प्रवन्धकले '''तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएका लेखहरू साना, असपष्ट, स्रोतहीन, विकीडेटासँग नजोडिएको, अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग तथा मेसिनले अनुवादित रहेको र उक्त पृष्ठहरूमा अर्थपूर्ण सामग्रीका साथै अन्य मापदण्डहरू थपेर त्यसलाई सुधार गर्न''' अनुरोध गरिएकोमा, तपाइले सो कुराको वास्ता नगरी पुन पटक पटक मेसिनद्वारा अनुवादित लेखहरू निर्माण गर्दै जानु भएकोले यथाशिघ्र यस्तो कार्य रोकी त्यस्ता पृष्ठहरू सुधार गर्न तिर लाग्न अनुरोध गर्दछु, अन्यथा विकिपिडिया प्रवन्धकले तपाईलाई सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाउन सक्ने कुरा पनि जानकारी गराइन्छ । विकिपिडियामा तपाइले गर्नु भएको राम्रा सम्पादनहरूको लागि धन्यवाद ! - [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] ०६:०९, १५ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ == [[File:Wiki Loves Monuments Nepal Logo.png|विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स|right|75px]] विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=658128 --> ==धन्यवाद== धन्यवाद सर।तर [[ब्लडी म्यारी]] को बारेमा तपाईंलाई थाहा भएका तथ्यहरू थप गरिदिनु होला है सर।(भूपेन ११:०५, २१ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) ==आशा छ== हिमाल जी NTC मा कत्तिको सस्तो पर्छ इन्टरनेट सम्पुर्ण जानकारी दिनुहोला है।Ncell बाट wiki सम्पादन गर्न गर्दा र नेट चलाउदा जोगि नै हुन लागीयो।मैले पनि अब NTC चलाउने सोचमा छु।अनि पढाइ कहाँ सम्म पुर्याउनु भयो।Twitter ma hajur lai flowe gare ko chu.malai pani garnu hola .tesai bata mgs garau la. धन्यवाद। ==आशा छ== हिमाल जी NTC मा कत्तिको सस्तो पर्छ इन्टरनेट सम्पुर्ण जानकारी दिनुहोला है।Ncell बाट wiki सम्पादन गर्न गर्दा र नेट चलाउदा जोगि नै हुन लागीयो।मैले पनि अब NTC चलाउने सोचमा छु।अनि पढाइ कहाँ सम्म पुर्याउनु भयो।Twitter ma hajur lai flowe gare ko chu.malai pani garnu hola .tesai bata mgs garau la. अनि wiki camp 2018 lahan मा जानू हुन्छ कि हुदैन। सम्पूर्णको एक मुस्त जानकारी दिनुहोला है। धन्यवाद। ==उत्तर== मैले NTC number लिएपछि मेरो नम्बर दिउला।तर अहिले यहि wiki को मेरो मेसेज पेजमा मेरा प्रश्नहरूको सम्पुर्ण उत्तरहरू दिनु होस् न।हुदैन। ==एक मुस्कान== {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Smiley.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''तपाइको मेहनत को लागि एक मुस्कान''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नमस्कार {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू! नेपाली विकिमा तपाइले धेरै योगदानहरु दिनुभएको छ यस्को लागि धेरै-धेरै '''धन्यबाद''' । नेपाली विकिमा यस्ता राम्रा कामहरु जारी राख्नु होला,तपाइका हरेक कामहरु विकिका लागि निक्कै जरुरी छन ।धन्यबाद ! (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०३:४९, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) |} ==खेल== अह! हेरेन ==कुरा== अनि हजुरले अहिले विकि के बाट चलाउनु भएको छ।वाइफाई कि डाटाबाट (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०३:५८, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == डाटा == सधै डाटा नेपाल टेलिकमको अहिले दसौं अफर छ ६ रुपैया मा ३६ एमबी ६ बजे देखि ६ बजे सम्म [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:०२, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Minor Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सामान्य बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | तपाईंको योगदानको मूल्यांकन गर्दै सम्मानार्थ यो बार्नस्टार प्रदान गरेको छु । [[User:Devraj poudel|Devraj poudel]] ([[User talk:Devraj poudel|कुरा गर्ने]]) १२:४९, २८ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> == सम्पादक बार्नस्टार == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सम्पादक बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गर्नु भएको अनेक सम्पादन, राम्रो छाटकाँट, अनेक नयाँ लेख लेखन र अनवरत योगदानको सम्मान स्वरूप -[[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४१, १ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == फोटो सम्बन्धि == मदन पुरस्कार पुस्तकालय को फोटोहरू "public domain" मा upload गर्न मिल्छ कि मिल्दैन? [[User:ReddevilsBivek|ReddevilsBivek]] ([[User talk:ReddevilsBivek|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:२७, १३ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:५७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ का सहभागि विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू, २०१८ को संस्करणमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा '''१७० वटा''' पृष्ठहरू तयार भई यो कार्यक्रम सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न भएको छ । यस कार्यक्रममा ४ वटा भन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागि मित्रहरूलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ पोस्टकार्ड पठाउने तथा यस कार्यक्रममा सबैभन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागीलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना राजदूतको रूपमा चयन गरि प्रमाण पत्र समेत प्रदान गर्ने गरिन्छ । तसर्थ कृपया पोस्टकार्ड तथा प्रमाणपत्रहरूको लागी '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform यहाँ]''' आफ्नो जानकारी मिति १० जनवरी २०१९ सम्ममा राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समुहको तर्फवाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:४३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=694091 --> [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:१२, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> ==राम्रो== मेरो हिजोको योजना थियो २०१५ राष्ट्रिय लिगमा तथ्य थप गर्ने तर २०१७ धनगढी लिग थप गरे । अब २/३ मा नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग र सबै संस्करणहरू सकेसम्मको तथ्यपुर्ण हुनेछ । ([[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|25px]] {{country data NEP|flagicon/core|variant=|size=}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ I 💘 NEPAL'']] [[चित्र:User Bhupendra Shrestha.jpg|25px]] १६:५३, १३ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल २०१८ प्रतिवेदन == नमस्ते ! प्रतिवेदनको लिङ्कहरू यस प्रकार छन् : * [[:meta:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/पर्वत सुबेदी|Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/पर्वत सुबेदी]] * [[:meta:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/हिमाल सुबेदी|Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/हिमाल सुबेदी]] धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:०५, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == नेपालीकरण == यहाँ नेपाली नै छ तर https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikicamp_Nepal_2018/Participation&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile यो लिङ्कमा गई नेपालीमा राख्दिनुपो भनेको त। [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १३:१२, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) * {{Done}} &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:१६, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==सल्लाह== पर्वत [[बिग्रेड ब्वाइज क्लब]] र [[ब्वाइज युनियन क्लब]] के दुई छुट्टाछुट्टै क्लब हो कि एउटै नेपाली फुटबल क्लब हो । ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:१०, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == फरक क्लब == ब्वाइज युनियन क्लब बि डिभिजनको क्लब हो भने ब्रिगेड ब्वाइज ए डिभिजन क्लब हो।[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१४, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==गल्ती== उसो भए २०७५ सालको लिगमा धगल्ती भएछ क्यारे, बिग्रेड को ठाउँमा ब्वाइज क्लब लेखिएछ। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:२३, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == सच्याउने सम्बन्धमा == तत्काल सच्चाउनु पर्ने भयोन्त ह्याँ अब[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:२६, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==हुन्छ== सकेसम्म हुन्छ। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:२८, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:टिप्पणीको लागि अनुरोध/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == यहाँको इमेल ठेगाना सम्बन्धमा == पर्वत सुबेदी जी यहाँको भाषा प्रेम र नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान प्रशंसनीय छ। तपाईँले थुप्रै उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू लेख्नुभएको छ। तर तपाईँको लेखनशैली तथा सम्पादनको तरिकालाई हेर्दा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा प्रतिको घृणा प्रष्ट झल्किन्छ। हो म पनि मान्छु कि कुनै पनि भाषा बोल्दा वा लेख्दा शुद्ध बोल्नु वा लेख्नु पर्छ तर कतिपय यस्ता कुराहरू छन् जहाँ अङ्ग्रेजीको प्रयोगलाई नकार्न सकिन्न। जस्तै: तपाईँले आफ्नो परिचय सँगै दिनुभएको इमेल ठेगाना '''पर्वत सुबेदी @ यानडेक्स डटकम''' देवनागरीमा लेख्न उपयुक्त हुँदैन। किनकि यस ठेगानामा इमेल पठाउँदा तपाईँले कुनै पनि हालतमा इमेल पाउनुहुने छैन्; यो एक अनाधिकृत इमेल ठेगाना हो। तसर्थ यस इमेल ठेगानालाई अङ्ग्रेजी अक्षरहरूमैं लेख्न सही हुन्छ र यही अनुरूप सच्याउन आग्रह गर्छु। यही उदाहरण मार्फत आवश्यक र अपरिहार्य रहेको ठाउँमा अङ्ग्रेजी शब्व वा अक्षरको प्रयोग गर्न मेरो सुझाव छ। धन्यवाद!--[[User:Nirajan pant|Nirajan pant]] ([[User talk:Nirajan pant|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:००, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == [[:चित्र:Sandeep-1024x745.png]] == यस चित्रको प्रतिलिपि अधिकारको बारेमा कुनै जानकारी उपलब्ध छैन। यदि प्रतिलिपि अधिकारको बारेमा चित्रमा कुनै सूचना नदिए यस चित्रलाई तुरुन्त मेटाइनेछ। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:३६, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==इमो== पर्वत सर तत्काल अहिले इमोमा आउन सक्नु हुन्छ । धन्यवाद ! ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १६:४४, १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:५१, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Rosetta Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''रोजेटा बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | विगत लामो समय देखि अनवरत रुपमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका धेरै लेखहरू अनुवाद गर्दै आउनु भएकोमा तपाईंको कठोर परिश्रमको कदर स्वरुप तपाईंको पृष्ठमा यो अनुवादक बार्नस्टर प्रदान गरिएको छ, स्विकार्नुहोला । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २०:३२, ४ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == जानकारी == तपाईलाई नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अंग्रेजी भाषाको कुनै पनि प्रयोग हुन नहुने लाग्छ भने समुदायमा छलफल गरौ र समुदायको निर्णय अनुसार गरौला । [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:०१, २६ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेको विषयमा == नमस्ते पर्वत ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#नेपाली_स्थान,_व्यक्ति,_संस्था_अादीको_पृष्ठमा_अङ्ग्रेजी_भाषाको_प्रयोग_सम्बन्धमा|नेपाली स्थान, व्यक्ति, संस्था आदीको पृष्ठमा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग सम्बन्धमा]] चौतारीमा छलफल हुँदै गर्दा मैले भर्खरै सृजना गरेको [[भेडे खुर्सानी]] नामक पृष्ठबाट अङ्ग्रेजी शीर्षकमा रहेको '''Bell pepper''' साथै अन्य केही अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दहरू किन हटाउनुभएको हो मैले पटक्कै बुझ्न सकिन? कृप्या यथार्थ र भरपर्दो कारण दिनहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १०:३९, २७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) :पर्वत जी! यस विषयमा चलिरहेको छलफल चौतारीमा नसकिएको कारणले हालको लागि तपाइको सम्पादनलाई फर्काइएको छ । छलफल सकिएपछि यसलाई परिणाम अनुसार परिवर्तन गरिने छ । त्यसैले कृपया यस लेखमा भएको अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दलाई अहिलेको लागि नमेट्न अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद ।- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १५:२१, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == अङ्ग्रेजी शब्द मेटाएको विषय == विप्लव ज्यु, नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादक वा पाठक सबैले अङ्ग्रेजी बुझ्छन् र जान्दछन् भन्ने हुँदैन जस्तै मैले सामान्य अङ्ग्रेजी मात्र पढ्न र बुभ्न सक्छु। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अङ्ग्रेजी शब्द राख्ने वा प्रतिलिपी गर्ने हो भने नेपाली विकिपिडियाको अस्तित्व रहदैन। अङ्ग्रेजीले अघिको खुर्सानीको पृष्ठमा नेपाली कहिँकतै प्रयोग भएको छैन तर हामीले भने अन्य कुनै भाषाको प्रयोग गरि नेपाली भाषालाई निकै कमजोर र अन्य भाषालाई महान बनाउँदै आइरहेका छौँ र मेरो एउटा प्रश्न के छ भने किन हामीले अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा नेपाली पृष्ठमा राखेका छौँ? यसको उदेश्य के छ? के अरु भाषाले पनि नेपाली भाषालाई ठाउँ दिएका छन् त? नेपालीमा बन्ने सबै पृष्ठ अङ्ग्रेजीबाट अनुवादीत हुन्छ भन्ने भ्रम पनि हामीमा छ। हामीले अहिले सम्म अङ्ग्रेजी विकिपिडियाले जे गर्यो त्यो गर्दै आएका छौँ। अघिको खुर्सानीको पृष्ठ अङ्ग्रेजीमा बेल पेपर कि के चाहिँ पो हुदो रहेछ तपाईले भनेर थाह पाएँ तपाईले मलाई जसरी अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा मलाई सिकाउँदै हुनुहुन्छ म त्यही हो रोक्न चाहने। हामी भाषाप्रति अलिकति संबेदनसिल हुने भए यो समस्य कहिल्यै पनि आउदैन। [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:२७, २७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == जानकारी सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा नयाँ छलफल सुरू गरिएको हुनाले सो छलफलको निर्णय नआउञ्जेलसम्मका लागि तपाईद्वारा यस विकिपिडियामा रहेको [[विकिपिडिया:पञ्च स्तम्भ|पञ्च स्तम्भ]]को पालना गर्नुपर्नेछ साथै विकिपिडिया समुदायमा रहेको नीति विपरित कुनै पनि अनावश्यक काममा तपाईको संलग्नता रहेको पाइएमा तपाईलाई तत्काल विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाइने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:०६, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == शीघ्रातिशीघ्र माफी माग्न आह्वान == '''नमस्ते पर्वतज्यु,''' ''प्रयोगकर्तालाई निषेध गर्ने छलफल''को [[Special:Diff/736286|निष्कर्ष आइसकेको]] छ। कृपया! हजुरलाई अनुरोध गर्दछु [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ गएर]] अनुच्छेदको तल्लो भागमा आफ्नो माफीनामा राख्नुहोला। माफीनामा नआएको खण्डमा हजुरलाई छलफलमा भने बमोजिम कम्तीमा १ महिनासम्मको लागि विकिपिडियाबाट निषेध गरिनेछ र निषेध फुकुवा गर्न निवेदन पनि राख्न पाउनु हुनेछैन। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> ०४:४३, ४ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == छलफल: मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन == नमस्ते, [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (विविध)#मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन|मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन]]बारे भइरहेको छलफलमा सहभागी भई टिप्पणी राखिदिनु हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:२६, २४ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=741365 --> == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> गत वर्ष विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा भाग लिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद, र आशा गर्दछु कि तपाईंले यसको आनन्द लिनुभयो । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो, र तपाईंले यसलाई बनाउनु भएको हो । हामी यो नोभेम्बरमा यस कार्यक्रमलाई फेरि आयोजना गर्दैछौं, र तपाईंलाई हामीसँग फेरि सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छौं । यो वर्ष, हाम्रो मापदण्ड उही हो । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३७, ३१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19508878 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2019 == <div style="border:8px orange ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Greetings! Thank you for organizing '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2019''' for your local Wikipedia language. For rules and guidelines, refer to [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Organiser Guidelines|this page]] on Meta. To reach out for support for the contest or ask any query, reach out to us on our [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Contact Us]] page. Our [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|International Team]] will be assisting you through out the contest duration. Thank you for your efforts in making this project successful. Best wishes, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|WAM 2019 International Team]] ::::Stay Updated [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/|50x50px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth|50x50px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19515825 --> == Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest == In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis. Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month international team]]. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१२, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19592097 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? *We have a total of 10,186 articles made during this edition and it's the highest of all time. *Make sure you judge all articles before December 20th, Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Status|this page]]. *There will be two round of address collection scheduled: December 22th and December 27th 2019. *Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) on [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Ambassadors|this page]], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. *In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[user:Ле Лой|Le Loy]] for more information. Best wishes, [[:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:३०, १४ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19638067 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रमुख लेखहरूमा राम्रो कार्यको लागि धन्यवाद। [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १३:१२, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) |} == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == [[ढाँचा:Soccerbase season|ढाँचा आयात संबन्धित]] == कृपया! ढाँचा आयात गर्न [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ आयातको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ]] अनुरोध गर्नु होला। कुनै विकिपिडियाबाट सिधा पेस्ट नगरिदिनुहोला। धन्यवाद! — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] <sup>[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]</sup> १२:०८, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सारांश बारेमा == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, कृपया! पृष्ठको सबै सामाग्रीहरू हटाउदै वा पृष्ठ खाली गरीँदै गर्दा—सारांशमा उपयुक्त कारण राखिदिनु हुन् अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] <sup>[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]</sup> १३:०८, २६ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == जोसेफ स्टालिन: खण्ड एक सामान्य परिवारका थिए स्टालिन सम्बन्धमा == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]]ले यस लेखको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/जोसेफ_स्टालिन#एक_सामान्य_परिवारका_थिए_स्टालिन|एक सामान्य परिवारका थिए स्टालिन] खण्डलाई <b>प्रतिलिपि साभार</b>को आरोप लगाउनु भएको छ। यसको थप प्रमाण सहित पुष्टी गर्नु भए थप स्पष्ट हुने थियो। यस पृष्ठको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=history|इतिहास] हेर्दा सो खण्ड २२:४१, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०१८‎ मा [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bishaldev100|Bishaldev]] बाट थप गरिएको थाहा हुन्छ। भने लोकपाटि डट कममा [https://lokpati.com/2018/24/4198|को हुन् स्टालिन ? यस्तो छ स्टालिनको अर्थ (रोचक जीवनी)]मा Oct 24, 2018 साभार भएको छ। त्यस्तै शिलापत्र डट कम मा [https://shilapatra.com/detail/17096|जोसेफ स्टालिन : हिरो पनि भिलेन पनि !]मा सोमबार, पुस ७, २०७६, ११:३३:०० प्रकाशित भएको थियो। त्यसकारण यसलाई थप स्पष्ट बनाउन आग्रह गर्न चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद । [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bishaldev100|Bishaldev]] Bishaldev १०:१९, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सम्पादन रद्द गरिएको == [[डिजिटल हिमालय]] र [[हिमालय टेलिभिजन]] छुट्टाछुट्टै विषयवस्तु भएकोले तपाईद्वारा [[डिजिटल हिमालय]]लाई [[हिमालय टेलिभिजन]]मा निर्देशित गरिएको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=डिजिटल_हिमालय&curid=99915&diff=811712&oldid=677858 सम्पादन] रद्द गरिएको छ। पुनर्निर्देशित गर्दा ध्यान पुर्याउन हुन अनुरोध छ।--[[User:Nirajan pant|Nirajan pant]] ([[User talk:Nirajan pant|कुरा गर्ने]]) २१:५४, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==पृष्ठ सार्ने बारे== पर्वत सुबेदी ज्यू। अरूले बनाएको पृष्ठ, उक्त पृष्ठको वार्तालापमा छलफल नगरी नसार्नु होला। -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> २०:०७, ३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सार्ने सम्बन्धमा सल्लाह सुझाव == नमस्ते {{U|पर्वत सुबेदी}} ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगत २ वर्षदेखि निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनुभएकोमा धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। यहाँले नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[वि:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]] व्यवस्थापन तथा निर्माणमा देखाउनुभएको उर्जा र गतिशीलता सराहनीय रहेको कारणले नै यहाँलाई समुदायिक छलफलद्वारा ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार दिइएको थियो। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा लेखहरूको शीर्षक कस्तो हुनुपर्छ वा राख्ने सम्बन्धमा नीति नभएकोले समुदायले [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|लेख शीर्षक]] नीतिलाई [[:Special:Diff/808429|बहुमतले पास]] गरि लागू गर्नुका साथै [[वि:स्थानान्तरण|स्थानान्तरण]] सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठ निर्माण नभएसम्मको लागि छलफलको आधारमा मात्र पृष्ठको [[:Special:Diff/814282|शीर्षक परिवर्तन]] गर्नुपर्ने नीति बनाएको यहाँलाई अवगत नै हुनुपर्ने हो। विकिपिडिया जो सुकैले सम्पादन गर्न सक्ने स्वतन्त्र थलो भएतापनि समुदायले लागू गरिसकेको नीति र नियमलाई पालना गर्ने दायित्वपनि हामि सबैको हो। तपाईँ सक्रिय तथा विश्वनीय प्रयोगकर्ता हुनुका साथै यस विकिपिडियामा विशेष अधिकार राख्नुभएको छ जसको प्रयोग सन्तुलित र न्यायोचित हुनुपर्छ। सबै प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको आ-आफ्नो विशेष काम गर्ने शैली र व्यवहार भएतापनि सबैजना समुदायको नीति र नियमको अधीनमा रहेका छन्। अस्ति तपाईँले [[:Special:Diff/810217|यो पृष्ठ]] सारेकोले {{U|Krish Dulal}} ज्यूद्वारा सुझाव सन्देश पाउनुभएको थियो। पृष्ठको शीर्षकलाई परिवर्तन गर्नको लागि वार्तालाप मात्रै विकल्प भएकोले (नीति लागू) तपाईँले अब उपरान्त कुनैपनि पृष्ठलाई बिना छलफल सार्नुभएको लग देखिएमा [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक|प्रबन्धक]]ले यहाँसँग रहेको ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार हटाउने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। ढाँचा तथा मोड्युललाई देवनागरी शीर्षकमा राख्ने वा नराख्ने विषयमा सामुदायिक छलफल हुनुपर्छ गरिनुपर्छ तर समुदायको कुनै ठोस निर्णय नआएसम्म पहिलदेखि चलिआएको विकी परम्परालाई नै प्राथमिकता दिनुपर्ने सर्वमान्य तर्क छ। तपाईँसँग विश्वका विभिन्न भाषाको ज्ञान भएतापनि तपाईँले सोझै बिना कुनै वार्तालाप गरि पृष्ठको शीर्षक सुधार गर्नुभएमा (मुख्यतया पछाडि [[:Special:Log/move/पर्वत_सुबेदी|अनुप्रेषण नराखि]] सार्ने क्रिया गरेको देखिएको छ) त्यो एकल निर्णय सरह देखिन्छ तसर्थ यस विषयमा अबदेखि सजग भएर नीति नियम पुगाएर मात्रै क्रिया गर्न सल्लाह दिन चाहन्छु। विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ताको लागि विकिपिडियाको पृष्ठ जति महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ त्यस पृष्ठको इतिहास त्योभन्दा बढि महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ तसर्थ पृष्ठ सार्नुपूर्व विभिन्न पक्ष औल्याउनुपर्ने हुन्छ। पृष्ठ बनाउनुहोस्, सल्लाह सुझाव लिनुहोस्/दिनुहोस्, सामुदायिक वार्तालापमा सहभागी हुनुहोस् र नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराईलाई बढाउने जुन परिवर्तनकारी सोच/प्रण लिनुभएको छ त्यसलाई पूरा गर्ने दिशामा अगाडि बढ्नुहोस्। यहाँ हुने कुनै पनि सामुदायिक वार्तालापको निर्णय तपाईँले सोचेको समयमा नआउला यसको अर्थ तपाईँले आफ्नो धैर्यता गुमाइदिने कि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिने- अवश्यपनि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिनुपर्छ। हामि सबैले अन्ततः यो विकिपिडियालाई सबै पक्षबाट स्तरीय बनाउने कोसिस गर्दैछौँ यसमा सबैको सहयोगको आवश्यकता छ। अन्त्यमा, हामि सबै यहाँ एउटै सोच लिएर अगाडि बढ्दै यात्रा गरिरहेका छौँ तसर्थ मेरो सल्लाहलाई आत्मसात गर्दै विकिपिडियामा आफ्नो योगदानलाई निरन्तरता दिदैँ अगाडि बढ्नुहुनेछ भनि आशासहित धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:५५, १३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] यस [[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png]] पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र मेटाउन अनुरोध गर्दै एक चिनो राखिएको छ। यो निम्न कारणका लागि गरिएको छ: <blockquote>{{{2}}}</blockquote> [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेटाउने मापदण्ड]] अन्तर्गत, केहि मापदण्ड पूरा गर्ने पृष्ठ कुनै पनि समय मेटिनेछ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95.png|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-reason-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:४९, १५ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == चेतावनी == नमस्कार, केही दिन अघि मैले तपाईंलाई चेतावनी दिएको थिए कि विकिपिडियामा पहिले नै अवस्थित नयाँ लेख सिर्जना नगर्नुहोस्। तर तपाईंले हिजो उही गल्ती गर्नुभयो जुन विकिपिडियामा अनुमति छैन। तपाईंले लेखको गलत नाम बारेमा पनि छलफल गर्नुभएन र लेखको नयाँ नाम पनि गलत छ र अवस्थित लेख सहि थियो। पृष्ठ सिर्जनाकर्ताको क्रेडिट प्राप्त गर्न कृपया त्यस्ता गतिविधिहरू नगर्नुहोस्। धन्यवाद- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १३:३२, १ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य पृष्ठ सम्पादन == कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार|नामांकन]] नगरी [[ढाँचा:प्रमुख समाचार‎]]मा नयाँ समाचार थप नगर्नुहोस्। तपाइँले टेम्प्लेट सम्पादक अधिकार पाउनु भएको सोच्दै, कृपया मुख्य पृष्ठहरू छलफल नगरी सम्पादन नगर्नुहोस्।- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:५७, १ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, तथा तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ। तपाईँद्वारा सृजित पृष्ठ, [[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक]], परिक्षण पृष्ठ सरह, [[वि:शीमे#सा२|सा२]] अन्तर्गत चिह्नित गरिएकोले मेटाइयो वा शीघ्र मेटाइनेछ भनि यो सूचित गरिन्छ। तपाईँले गर्न चाहनुहुने कुनै पनि अन्य परीक्षणहरूको लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]को प्रयोग गर्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँ हाम्रो ज्ञानकोशमा योगदान पुर्‍याउने बारेमा बढी जान्न चाहानुहुन्छ भने [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] पृष्ठमा हेर्नुहोस्। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%2F%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%2F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-test-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:३३, २० जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == तपाईँको लेख [[चिली]]== [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र विकिपिडियामा [[Special:Contributions/पर्वत सुबेदी|हजुरको योगदान]]का the page [[:चिली]] लागि धन्यवाद ! तपाईले विकिपिडियामा थप गर्नुभएको पृष्ठ ''नेपाली'' संस्करणमा छ । यो नेपाली भाषाको लेख होइन । यस लेखलाई नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्न हामी तपाईंलाई अनुरोध गर्दछौं । विदेशी भाषाका पृष्ठहरू यहाँ राखिनेछैनन् र यदि तिनीहरू नेपालीमा अनुवाद नगरिए [[वि:शिमे|मेटिनेछन्]] । धन्यवाद ! <!-- Template:uw-notenglish --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:१९, १२ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == A barnstar for you! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Special Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Special Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित विषयहरूको बारेमा यहाँको योगदान स्वरूप-- [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १२:११, २३ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) |} == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन सामुदायिक समिति सिट: प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठक == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन न्यासी समितिले सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी १ देखि मार्च १ सम्म सामुदायिक चयन प्रक्रियाहरूको बारेमा प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठकको आयोजना गरिरहेको छ। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन र विकिमिडिया अभियान विगत १० बर्षमा लगभग पाँच गुणाले वृद्धि भएको छ भने यसको समितिको संरचना र प्रक्रियाहरू मूल रूपमा उस्तै रहिरहेको छ। वर्तमान समितिको संरचनामा हाम्रो क्षमता, प्रदर्शन, र अभियानको विविधता अनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको अभाव एउटा समस्याको रूपमा रहेको छ। प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचनले गर्दा अग्रणी भाषा समुदायका उम्मेदवारहरूको पक्ष लिने गरेको छ र उनीहरूको सीप र अनुभवद्वारा समिति सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा दिन कतिको सान्दर्भिक हुन सक्छ वा समितिको विशिष्ट उत्तरदायित्वहरू निर्वाह गर्ने क्षमतामा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेको छ। तथ्यहरूलाई नियाल्दा वर्तमान प्रक्रियाहरूले उत्तर अमेरिका र पश्चिम युरोपका स्वयंसेवकहरूको पक्ष लिएको छ। वास्तवमा भन्ने हो भने, दक्षिण एसियाबाट अहिलेसम्मको इतिहासमा हेर्दा जम्मा एक जना सदस्यले मात्र समितिमा स्थान बनाउन सकेको छ। आउँदो महिनाहरूमा हामीलाई तीन सामुदायिक सिटहरू नवीकरण गर्नुपर्नेछ र नयाँ सिटमा तीन थप समुदायिक सदस्यहरू नियुक्त गर्नुपर्नेछ। यो प्रतिक्रियात्मक बैठकमा हामीहरू सबै मिलेर हाम्रो अभियानलाई कसरी प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने र अनुभव, सीप, र विश्वासका साथ अन्तरदृष्टिसहित तैयार भएका उम्मेदवारहरू छनौट गर्न प्रारूप रेखा तयार गर्न सक्छौं? यस सम्बन्धमा, प्रस्तावित विचारहरूमाथि छलफल गर्न र हामी हाम्रो विचारहरू साझा गर्न, प्रतिक्रिया दिन र प्रक्रियामा योगदान दिनको लागि सामुदायिक छलफल गर्नु राम्रो हुनेछ। यसै विषयमा छलफल गर्न, हामीले यही मार्च १३ को साँझ ७ बजे देखि ८ बजेसम्म बैठक आयोजित भइरहेको छ। बैठकको कडी निम्नलिखित रहेको छ: https://meet.google.com/ugf-xyyk-ifi नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित भाषाहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेका सम्पूर्ण भाषाका विकिपिडियन र विकिमिडियनलाई यो बैठकमा आफ्नो विचार राख्न स्वागत गरिन्छ। धन्यवाद, [[User:KCVelaga (WMF)]], ११:४२, ७ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21193233 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == राजा - [[रणबहादुर शाह]] को मुख्तियारी सम्बन्धमा == पर्वत जी नमस्ते! [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80&curid=1567&diff=1007220&oldid=1007203 "नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची"] मा तपाईंले राजा रणबहादुर शाहको मुख्तियारी सुरु भएको मिति "१८६२ फागुन सुदि ८" लाई "१८६२ फागुन ८" मा परिवर्तन गर्नुभएको रहेछ। के तपाईंले यो पात्रो पञ्चाङ्गको हिसाब अनुसार परिवर्तन गर्नु भएको हो? किनभने फागुन सुदि ८ सधैं फागुन ८ नहुन पनि सक्छ। उदाहरणको लागि आजको मिति बि.सं. २०७८ जेष्ठ २ गते यो अनुसार २०७८ वैशाख सुदि ४ हुन आउँछ। यो मिति भनेको चन्द्रमाको पक्ष अनुसारको मिति हो। यस अनुसार शुक्ल पक्षलाई सुदि भनिन्छ भने कृष्ण पक्षलाई वदि भनिन्छ। अर्को कुरा त्यस मितिमा त्यहाँ [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] "नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास" को सन्दर्भ सामग्री उल्लेख गरिएको छ। के तपाईंले त्यस पुस्तक अनुसार मिति नमिलेको भएको परिवर्तन गर्नु भएको हो। उक्त पुस्तकको पृष्ठ २०१ मा वि.सं. १८६२ फागुन सुदि ८ मा रणबहादुर शाह आफ्नै छोरा गीर्वाणयुद्धवीरविक्रम शाहदेवका मुख्तियार भए। भन्ने कुरा उल्लेख गरिएको छ। यदि यो घटना १८६२ फागुन ८ मा भएको भए त्यसलाई प्रमाणित गर्ने सन्दर्भ सामग्री उल्लेख पनि गर्नुहोला। [[user:bishaldev100|Bishal Shrestha]] Bishaldev १९:४५, १६ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto:&#x20;Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == Request == Hello. An IP user has uploaded the article [[अजरबैजानी भाषा]], but some sections remain untranslated. Can you translate them from English into Nepali? Yours sincerely, [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:२१, २ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) {{ping|Multituberculata}} [[अजरबैजानी भाषा]]मा केही सामग्री थप गरेको राखेको छु एकपटक हेरेर प्रतिक्रिया दिनुहोला। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२०, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) :Thank you very much! [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५६, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सारिएको सम्बन्धित == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, पृष्ठ सार्दै गर्दा ध्यान दिनुहोला, पृष्ठमा अरू पृष्ठहरू जोडिएको हुन्छन् अनि लिङ्क रातो हुन् जान्छ, जस्तैः [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/गूगल प्ले]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/खलंगा]], [[:श्रेणी:गूगल]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/गूगल अनुवाद]]...। अधिकारको उपयोग सही तरिकाले गर्नु हुन् यहाँलाई आग्रह गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] २०:४९, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|@Tulsi]] एकैपटकमा त्यो रातो कसरी हटाउने हो? [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २०:५६, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::[[विकिपिडिया:बोटहरू|बोट]] खाताको सहयोगले गर्न सकिन्छ तर नेपाली विकिमा बोटको कमी हुनाले त्यो आफैले गर्नुपर्ने वाध्यता भएको छ। त्यसैले ख्याल गरी पृष्ठ सार्नु होला। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] ०९:२४, ६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ हेरिएको तथ्याङ्क == यो हेर्नुहोस् [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/topviews/?project=ne.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&date=last-year&excludes=] धन्यवाद--[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> २२:२१, १२ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> ==[[:वार्तालाप:नेपाल भाषा]]को बारेमा यो बहस हेर्नु होला== [[File:Symbol watching blue lashes high contrast.svg|25px|link=|alt=]]&nbsp;[[:वार्तालाप:नेपाल भाषा]]मा भएको छलफलमा सहभागी हुन निमन्त्रणा छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १८:४०, २५ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)<!-- [[Template:Please see]] --> == तपाईंको लागि एक कप चिया! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Meissen-teacup pinkrose01.jpg|120px]] |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रबन्धक भएकोमा बधाई छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> २०:०५, २ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) |} == अनुरोध == कृपया मलाई [[विकिपिडिया:समीक्षक|समीक्षक]] र [[विकिपिडिया:ढाँचा सम्पादकहरू|ढाँचा सम्पादक]] अधिकार दिनुहुन्छ। म पुराना ढाँचाहरू अद्यावधिक गर्ने र सम्पादन सूचनाहरू सिर्जना गर्ने काम गरिरहेको छु। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १८:२८, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) {{ping|बडा काजी}}, अधिकारको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:विशेषाधिकार निवेदन]]मा गई र अनुरोध गर्नुहोला। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १८:३२, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == सारिएका पृष्ठहरू सम्बन्धित == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, पृष्ठ सार्दै गर्दा ध्यान दिनुहोला, पृष्ठमा अरू पृष्ठहरू जोडिएको हुन्छन् अनि लिङ्क रातो हुन् जान्छ, जस्तैः [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/३ फाल्गुण]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/७ फाल्गुण]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/६ श्रावण]]...। अधिकारको उपयोग गर्दा सबै कुरालाई ध्यानमा राखेर मात्र प्रयोग गर्नु हुन् यहाँलाई आग्रह गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १३:५३, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :{{ping|Tulsi}} यसलाई पछि बोटको प्रयोग गरेर मिलाउँदै लैजाने हो र अनि अर्को कुरा यहाँ मलाई वार्ता लेख्नुको सट्टामा तपाईले पनि मिलाउन सक्नुहुनेछ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १६:३४, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::पछि गर्ने विचारले गर्दा नै अहिले हजारौं लेखहरू सामग्री नभएको हुनाले मेटाउने अवस्था आएको छ। मलाई फुर्सद छैन अरुको गल्ती सुधार गर्दै बस्नु। सुधार गर्नसक्नु हुन्न भने कृपया पृष्ठ नसार्नु अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] २०:२५, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) #{{ping|Tulsi}} त्यो जोडिएको पृष्ठ महिना भन्ने ढाँचालेे गर्दा जोडिएको देखिएको मात्र हो। महिना सम्बन्धित पृष्ठमा कुनै सामग्री नभएका लेखहरू हुन् यी भनेका यस्ता सबै पृष्ठहरू मेट्ने हो। सम्बन्धित पृष्ठ मेटिए पछि सबै खाली हुनेछ अनि म यो तत्काल सम्पादन गर्दै छु कम्तिमा सुधार हुन केही दिन त दिनुस् ताकी म सुधार गर्न सकूँ सम्बन्धित पृष्ठहरू।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २२:०४, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]]बाट प्रश्न (२१:५८, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२) == नमस्ते ..संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा बढि भिटो प्रयोग गर्ने देश कुन हो? --[[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]] ([[User talk:रमा देवी ढकाल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५८, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) {{Ping|रमा देवी ढकाल}}, सबैभन्दा बढी भिटो अधिकार प्रयोग गर्ने राष्ट्र रुस (१२१ पटक) हो।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २२:०१, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू == नमस्ते पर्वतजी, पृष्ठहरू मेटाउँदा उपयुक्त [[वि:शीमे]] आधार उल्लेख गरेर पृष्ठहरू मेटाउन् अनुरोध गर्द छु किनभने अरू प्रयोगकर्तालाई बुझ्न सहजहोस् कि यस कारण पृष्ठ मेटाईको छ। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १६:०८, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :{{Ping|Tulsi}}, शीमे चिन्ह लगाउँदा अनुरोधकर्ताले कारण सहित चिन्ह लगाएको हुन्छ र पृष्ठ पनि सोही कारण अनुसार नै मेटिन्छ। जस्तै सामग्री रहित भनेर शीमे चिन्ह लगाइएको छ भने रित्ता श्रेणी भनेर त पृष्ठ मेटिन्न नि। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::...सोही कारण अनुसार नै मेटिन्छ भने सोही कारण उल्लेख गर्नु नि, "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" किन उल्लेख गर्नु पर्यो। उपयुक्त [[वि:शीमे|शीमे आधार]] उल्लेख गर्दा राम्रो। मेटिएको पृष्ठको इतिहास प्रबन्धकले मात्र देख्न मिल्छ अनि "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" उल्लेख गरेर मेटाउनु भयो भने अरू प्रयोगकर्तालाई के आधारमा मेटिएको हो कसरी थाहा हुन्छ? जे उचित् लाग्छ त्यही गर्नु। तपाईको बुझाईको लागि धन्यवाद। &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] ०८:५९, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:१०, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Help us organize! == Dear Wikimedian, You may already know that the third iteration of [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023|WikiConference India]] is happening in March 2023. We have recently opened [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Scholarships|scholarship applications]] and [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Program_Submissions|session submissions for the program]]. As it is a huge conference, we will definitely need help with organizing. As you have been significantly involved in contributing to Wikimedia projects related to Indic languages, we wanted to reach out to you and see if you are interested in helping us. We have different teams that might interest you, such as communications, scholarships, programs, event management etc. If you are interested, please fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdN7EpOETVPQJ6IG6OX_fTUwilh7MKKVX75DZs6Oj6SgbP9yA/viewform?usp=sf_link this form]. Let us know if you have any questions on the [[:m:Talk: WikiConference_India_2023|event talk page]]. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:०६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24094749 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == टोगग == @[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] नमस्ते, तपाईंले यो लेख मेटाउनुभयो किनभने यसमा पर्याप्त जानकारी थिएन। अब यसलाई मस्यौदाको रूपमा सारिएको छ के तपाईं थप जानकारी थपेर यसलाई फेरि लेख बनाउन सक्नुहुन्छ? [[User:ARDITGILA|ARDITGILA]] ([[User talk:ARDITGILA|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०१:०४, ३ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == हिन्दु धर्म == नमस्ते! कृपया [[हिन्दु धर्म]] पृष्ठबाट सम्पादन सुरक्षा हटाउनुहोस्। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १९:१८, ६ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]]बाट प्रश्न (२०:१५, १० डिसेम्बर २०२२) == नमस्ते 🙏 प्रश्न:हाल बृहस्पतिका कति ग्रहहरु छन.? --[[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]] ([[User talk:रमा देवी ढकाल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१५, १० डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023:WCI2023 Open Community call on 18 December 2022 == Dear Wikimedian, As you may know, we are hosting regular calls with the communities for [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]. This message is for the second Open Community Call which is scheduled on the 18th of December, 2022 (Today) from 7:00 to 8:00 pm to answer any questions, concerns, or clarifications, take inputs from the communities, and give a few updates related to the conference from our end. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call. * [WCI 2023] Open Community Call * Date: 18 December 2022 * Time: 1900-2000 [7 pm to 8 pm] (IST) * Google Link: https://meet.google.com/wpm-ofpx-vei Furthermore, we are pleased to share the telegram group created for the community members who are interested to be a part of WikiConference India 2023 and share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions. Link to join the telegram group: https://t.me/+X9RLByiOxpAyNDZl. Alternatively, you can also leave us a message on the [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|Conference talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:५६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small> On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Organizing team </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24099166 --> == Hello == I have been translated a page to Nepalese but you have deleted it some minutes ago, Please tell me how is it possible that the topic be here? I need your guide thanks! [[User:Jjff1|Jjff1]] ([[User talk:Jjff1|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४२, २९ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == समीक्षक == कृपया, मेरो समीक्षक अधिकारलाई हटाएर [[विकिपिडिया:गस्तीगर्ने प्रयोगकर्ता|गस्तीगर्ने प्रयोगकर्ता]]सँग बदल्दिनु न। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १९:४८, ८ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) ==चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg मा फाइल स्रोतको समस्या== [[File:Copyright-problem.svg|64px|left|alt=|link=]] '''[[:चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg]]''' अपलोड गर्नु भएकोमा धन्यवाद । यध्यपि, अहिले यसमा '''प्रतिलिपि अधिकार''' र '''इजाजतपत्र''' जानकारी हराइरहेको छ । विकिपिडियाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रतिलिपि अधिकार|प्रतिलिपि अधिकार]]लाई धेरै गम्भीर रूपमा लिन्छ । स्वीकार्य इजाजतपत्र र एक प्रमाणित स्रोतको उल्लेख नभएमा यो चाँडै मेटाइनेछ । कृपया, [[:चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg|फाइल विवरण पृष्ठ]] सम्पादन गरेर यो जानकारी थप गर्नुहोस् । विकिपिडियामा तपाईले कस्ता तस्वीर अपलोड गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सक्नुहुन्न, कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:चित्र प्रयोग नीति#तस्बिर अपलोड|चित्र प्रयोग नीति]]को अध्यान गर्नुहोला । यदि फाइल पहिले नै मेटिएको रहेछ भने, [[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नमेटाउनको लागी अनुरोध]] गरि, समस्या समाधानका लागी एक मौका सोध्न सक्नुहुन्छ ।<!-- Template:You can request undeletion --> तपाईंले अपलोड गर्नुभएका अन्य फाईलहरू उचित नीति अनुरूप ट्याग गरिए-नगरिएको [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=upload&user=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80}} यहाँ] निश्चित गर्नुहोस् । तपाईंको सहयोगको लागि पुनः धन्यवाद । <!-- Template:Di-no license-notice --> [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:१८, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Vrm Maithili|Vrm Maithili]]बाट प्रश्न (२०:५१, २२ मार्च २०२३) == नमस्कार --[[User:Vrm Maithili|Vrm Maithili]] ([[User talk:Vrm Maithili|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५१, २२ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]बाट प्रश्न (१४:१६, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == मैले नेपाल मा नाया राजनीतिक दल खोल्न गइरहेको छु त्यास कारण मैले तपाईं लाई सल्लाहकार राखेको छु । म बाट कुनै गल्ती भयो भने तपाई मलाई जानकारी गराउन सक्नुपर्छ । --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:१६, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]बाट प्रश्न (०९:१७, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == यो देशमा भ्राष्ट्राचार वेथिति अन्त कहिले हुनेछन् ?? --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:१७, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]मा [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]को प्रश्न (१८:११, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == नमस्कार सर । तपाईं मलाइ सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ भने 9845233497 मा फोन गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:११, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]]मा [[User:विमल पाण्डेय|विमल पाण्डेय]]को प्रश्न (०९:२९, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२४) == जनसंख्या 2466427 --[[User:विमल पाण्डेय|विमल पाण्डेय]] ([[User talk:विमल पाण्डेय|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:२९, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == तपाईको लागी एउटा सम्मान == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''निरन्तर गतिशील बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | निरन्तर लगातार नेपाली विकिपीडियामा मिहिनेतका साथ सम्पादन गरिरहुनुभएकोले तपाईलाई यो स्टार... <span style="color:green;"><sup>:) </sup></span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;"><sup>ktm</sup></span> १९:४१, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) |} == [[User:Hemant Ratna|Hemant Ratna]]बाट प्रश्न (१३:१८, १५ अप्रिल २०२४) == पर्वत सर नमस्ते । हजुरले 'डायमण्ड जोशी' पृष्ठमा सन्दर्भ अनुसार कसरी सार्वजनिक रूपमा विश्वमै देखाउने भन्ने विषयमा सल्लाह दिएर कृतार्थ गरिदिनुहुन विनम्र अनुरोध गर्दछु । डायमण्डका लागि प्रशस्त सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू छन् । तपाईँले सुझाव र ज्ञान दिएर मार्गप्रशस्त गरिदिनुहुनेछ भन्ने आशा राखेको छु । --[[User:Hemant Ratna|Hemant Ratna]] ([[User talk:Hemant Ratna|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१९, १५ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == प्रमुख_समाचार/उम्मेदवार:२०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन == नमस्कार, [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख_समाचार/उम्मेदवार#सन्_२०२४_को_अमेरिकी_राष्ट्रपतीय_निर्वाचन यस समाचारमा] हजुरको टिप्पणी राख्नुहोला।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] <sup> Bishaldev १९:५०, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]]बाट प्रश्न (१०:४६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४) == hello, how can I possibly create my page? --[[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]] ([[User talk:Ekata123|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:४६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, पर्वत सुबेदी. Can you translate and upload the article about the prominent Turkish economist [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Kindest regards, [[User:Moroike|Moroike]] ([[User talk:Moroike|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१७, २० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]]बाट प्रश्न (११:१२, २६ डिसेम्बर २०२४) == Hello how to create page? --[[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]] ([[User talk:Ekata123|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:१२, २६ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर == " भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर " यो पेज किन हटाईयो ? [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:५४, २२ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :? [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२९, २९ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == भेडिचौर, भेडिचौर क्रिकेट ग्राउन्ड == " भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर " हटाएको हुनाले मैले " भेडिचौर " को बारेमा लेख्ने प्रकृया पनि हरायो । अझ भेडिचौर मा रहेको " भेडिचौर क्रिकेट ग्राउन्ड " को बारेमा पनि लेख तयार गरेको थिए । तपाईंले किन हटाउनु भयो । [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:५७, २२ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == पहिलेको खप्तड गाविसको बारेमा == सर विकिपीडियामा अङ्ग्रेजीमा रहेको खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको‌ लेख खासमा पहिलेको खप्तड गाविसको लेख हुनु पर्ने थियो तर त्यो‌ लेख राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज को बारेमा भएछ।मैले त्यो सच्याए तर डिस्प्ले नाम अझै खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज रहेकाले यसलाइ खप्तड मात्र‌ बनाइदिन आग्रह का साथै अनुरोध गर्दछु। [[User:दिलिप कडायत|दिलिप कडायत]] ([[User talk:दिलिप कडायत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३२, २२ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == नेपाल == [[hi:नेपाल के राष्ट्रपतियों की सूची]] [[hi:नेपाल के उपराष्ट्रपतियों की सूची]] तपाईंले पहिले प्रवेश गर्नुपर्छ। तपाईंको आईपी ठेगानाको सट्टा तपाईंको नाम नेपाल. [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0|2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:१६, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) : == Nepal == :[[:en:List of presidents of Nepal]] :[[:en:List of Vice Presidents of Nepal]]<nowiki> ~~~</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0|2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३७, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1300023 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == बिना छलफल र कारण धेरै पृष्ठ मेटाइएको सम्बन्धमा == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी, हाल तपाईंले धेरै पृष्ठहरू बिना कुनै स्पष्ट कारण वा छलफल मेटाउनु भएको देखिएको छ। साथै, तपाईंले "[[जीवन शाही]]" र "[[युवराज सफल]]" जस्ता पृष्ठहरू पनि छलफल अवधि पूरा नहुँदै मेटाउनुभएको छ। अझ गम्भीर कुरा, तपाईंले ती पृष्ठहरूसँग सम्बन्धित छलफल पृष्ठहरू — "[[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/जीवन शाही]]" र "[[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/युवराज सफल]]" — समेत मेटाउनुभएको छ। कहिलेकाहीँ तपाईंले "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" भनेर कारण उल्लेख गर्नुभएको पाइन्छ, तर यस्तो कारण अस्पष्ट हुन्छ र समुदायका लागि बुझ्न कठिन हुन्छ। यस्ता कार्यहरूले योगदानकर्ताहरूले गरेका सम्पादन र छलफलहरू नष्ट गर्छन्, जसले उनीहरूको मेहनतलाई वर्जित बनाउँछ र प्रबन्धकको जिम्मेवारी तथा पारदर्शितामा प्रश्न उठाउँछ। विकिपिडियामा प्रबन्धकीय अधिकार समुदायको सहमति र स्पष्ट कारणका आधारमा प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ। कृपया यस्तो कार्यको कारण स्पष्ट गर्नुहोस् र भविष्यमा पृष्ठ मेटाउँदा अघि छलफल वा कारण उल्लेख गर्नुहोस्। यदि यस्तो व्यवहार निरन्तर दोहोरिन्छ भने, म यो विषय [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा औपचारिक रूपमा उठाउनेछु। धन्यवाद। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०१:५८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :मेटाइएका पृष्ठ सामग्री अनुवाद गरेर जस्ताको त्यस्तै राखिएको थियो भने तिनिहरूको नाम पनि अनुवाद नै गरेर राखिएको थियो। जस्तै (थुप्रिएको लाहाँचे) यस्ता शीर्षकहरू थिए। अनि तपाईले भनेका युवराज सफल मैले मेटाएको होइन तपाई झुक्किनु भयो अनि जीवन शाही शीमे चिन्हित थियोे। शीमेको अर्थ तत्कालै मेट्नु हो। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:५७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::धन्यवाद जवाफका लागि। मेटाउने विषयमा होइन, तर बिना छलफल वा स्पष्ट कारण पृष्ठहरू मेटाइएकोबारे कुरा गरिएको हो। “शीमे चिन्हित” भनेर उल्लेख गरिएका केही पृष्ठहरू वास्तवमा छलफलको क्रममा थिए। साथै, कृपया मेटाउँदा खाली कारण नछोड्नुहोस् वा “शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू” मात्रै भनेर उल्लेख नगर्नुहोस्, किनभने यस्तो कारण धेरै अस्पष्ट हुन्छ र समुदायका सदस्यहरूले बुझ्न गाह्रो पर्छ। भविष्यमा मेटाउने कारण स्पष्ट रूपमा लेखिदिनुहोस् ताकि पारदर्शिता रहोस् र सबैले बुझ्न सजिलो होस्। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :::हस् हुन्छ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३५, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ किन मेटियो? == पर्वत सुवेदीजी! मैले निर्माण गरेको पत्रकार तथा फोटोपत्रकार टुबल सापकोटासम्बन्धी पेज किन हटाउनु भयो? त्यसमा यथेष्ठ प्रमाण र स्रोतहरू उल्लेख छन्। [[User:Sangam2031|Sangam2031]] ([[User talk:Sangam2031|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:३२, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == गम्भीर चेतावनी: प्रबन्धक अधिकारको दुरुपयोग सम्बन्धमा == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी, तपाईंलाई पहिल्यै पृष्ठहरू बिना छलफल वा स्पष्ट कारण मेटाउने सम्बन्धमा चेतावनी दिइएको थियो, तर हालसालै केही चलिरहेको मेपले छलफल पृष्ठहरू — जस्तै [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/सुर्यप्रसाद दुवे]], विमला अर्याल, काशिटार, र एचबि ताम्राकार — र तिनसँग सम्बन्धित मुख्य लेखहरू पनि छलफलको परिणाम नआउँदै मेटिएको देखियो, साथै पुरानो मेपले पृष्ठ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/प्रकाश न्यौपाने]] पनि मेटिएको छ। यी पृष्ठहरू केवल सामान्य लेख वा उपपृष्ठ होइनन्; यी चलिरहेको वा ऐतिहासिक समुदाय छलफलका पृष्ठहरू हुन्, जसको उद्देश्य पृष्ठ मेट्ने वा राख्ने निर्णयमा पारदर्शिता कायम राख्नु हो। तपाईंले यी पृष्ठहरू र लेखहरू मेट्नु प्रबन्धक अधिकारको स्पष्ट दुरुपयोग हो, जसले विकिपिडियाको नियम, पारदर्शिता र समुदायको विश्वासलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्छ। यदि यस्तो कार्य निरन्तर दोहोरिए, समुदायले तपाईंको प्रबन्धक अधिकारको समीक्षा गर्न सक्नेछ र तपाईं आफ्नो प्रबन्धक अधिकार गुमाउन सक्नुहुन्छ। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:१८, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :छलफल समाप्त भएकाहरूलाई मेटाउन मिल्दैन र? [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:५९, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::शीमे नीति अन्तर्गत छलफल समाप्त भएपछि मेट्न नमिल्ने व्यवस्था छ कि छैन। मैले भेटिन त्यहाँ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:०३, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :::तपाईंले शीमे नीतिसँग सम्बन्धित कुरा गर्नुभएको देखियो, तर यो यहाँ लागू हुँदैन। शीमे नीति केवल स्प्याम, टेस्ट पृष्ठ वा स्पष्ट रूपमा मेट्न मिल्ने पृष्ठहरूका लागि हो। यी पृष्ठहरू भने पुराना वा हालसालैको AfD/समुदाय छलफल पृष्ठहरू हुन्, जसको उद्देश्य निर्णय र छलफलको पारदर्शिता कायम राख्नु हो। त्यसैले, यी पृष्ठहरू मेट्न हुँदैन। :::धन्यवाद। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२१, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::::हामी लेखहरू मेट्छौं, छलफल पृष्ठहरू होइन। AfD वा अन्य समुदाय छलफल पृष्ठहरू सधैं राखिन्छन्, पारदर्शिता र अभिलेखको लागि। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२३, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::::फेरि त्यही शीर्षक राखेको पृष्ठ बन्ने जोखिमलाई मध्यजनर गर्दै छलफल भई मेटिएका पृष्ठहरूलाई छुट्टै अभिलेख बनाएर राखौँ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२७, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == [[User:HumanShiva|HumanShiva]]बाट प्रश्न (०४:४१, ७ अप्रिल २०२६) == कसो कसो गर्नुपर्छ ? --[[User:HumanShiva|HumanShiva]] ([[User talk:HumanShiva|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०४:४१, ७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) on ००:१५, १२ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ०१:५१, २९ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == ज्याबल नामको पृष्ठ मेटाउनुको कारण == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी ज्यु, मैले “ज्याबल” सम्बन्धी पृष्ठ बनाएको थिएँ। पछि हेर्दा अर्को पृष्ठ “सरल यन्त्र” मा सारिएको रहेछ। मेरो विचारमा “ज्याबल” आफैमा एउटा छुट्टै शैक्षिक शब्द भएकाले यसको आफ्नै पृष्ठ हुन सक्ने देखिन्छ। सम्भव भएमा कृपया यसलाई सार्नुको कारण स्पष्ट गरिदिनु मेरो अनुरोध छ। यिनीहरूको अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दहरू पनि भिन्न छन्, “ज्याबल” भनेको "Tool" र “सरल यन्त्र” भनेको "Simple machine"। धन्यवाद। [[User:Srsh101|Srsh101]] ([[User talk:Srsh101|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४५, २६ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> ptjj6vmyi852czvzak4wyv1hm8fazv9 1358289 1358112 2026-06-07T15:54:49Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1358289 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Namaste.gif|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb|सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्।]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू''' समस्त [[विकिपिडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईँलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपिडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष|विश्वकोश]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू सङ्ग्रहित हुन्छन्। *हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईँ हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी बनाऔँ। *विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईँ पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा पहिले देखि नै भएका लेखमा सामग्री थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपिडियामा तपाईँद्वारा सृजना गरिएका कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबैभन्दा पहिले दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईँको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपिडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकीको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपिडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *परीक्षणको लागि [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/प्रयोगस्थल|action=edit&preload=Template:User_Sandbox/preload}} आफ्नो प्रयोगस्थल] पृष्ठमा अभ्यास गर्नुहोस। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईँले एउटा विकिपिडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईँको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठको लिङ्क र मिति थपिने छ। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रबन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> |} - --[[Image:Smiley.svg|15px]][[User:Ram Prasad Joshee|'''<font color="#FF4500">आर॰पी॰</font> <font color="#008000">जोशी</font>''']] [[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font color="#2C39BB">वार्ता</font>]] १६:३५, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अथक मिहनतका साथ निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनु भएकोले तपाईंको मिहनतको कदर स्वरुप यो बार्नस्टार तपाईंको पृष्ठमा राखिएको छ । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २१:४४, ७ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{User|Prbtsubedi12345}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सक्रिय योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद । तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएका लेखहरू साना, असपष्ट, स्रोतहीन, विकीडेटासँग नजोडिएको, अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग तथा मेसिनले अनुवादित रहेको कारणले ध्यानाकर्षण भएको अवगत गराउन चाहन्छु । कृपया तपाईले निर्माण गर्नुभएका पृष्ठहरूमा अर्थपूर्ण सामग्रीका साथै अन्य मापदण्डहरू थपेर त्यसलाई यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद --[[Image:Star_प्रमुख.png|30px]][[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:४६, १३ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == पून: लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == {{ping|Prbtsubedi12345}} तपाइलाई यस अघि पनि विकिपिडिया प्रवन्धकले '''तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएका लेखहरू साना, असपष्ट, स्रोतहीन, विकीडेटासँग नजोडिएको, अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग तथा मेसिनले अनुवादित रहेको र उक्त पृष्ठहरूमा अर्थपूर्ण सामग्रीका साथै अन्य मापदण्डहरू थपेर त्यसलाई सुधार गर्न''' अनुरोध गरिएकोमा, तपाइले सो कुराको वास्ता नगरी पुन पटक पटक मेसिनद्वारा अनुवादित लेखहरू निर्माण गर्दै जानु भएकोले यथाशिघ्र यस्तो कार्य रोकी त्यस्ता पृष्ठहरू सुधार गर्न तिर लाग्न अनुरोध गर्दछु, अन्यथा विकिपिडिया प्रवन्धकले तपाईलाई सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाउन सक्ने कुरा पनि जानकारी गराइन्छ । विकिपिडियामा तपाइले गर्नु भएको राम्रा सम्पादनहरूको लागि धन्यवाद ! - [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] ०६:०९, १५ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ == [[File:Wiki Loves Monuments Nepal Logo.png|विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स|right|75px]] विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=658128 --> ==धन्यवाद== धन्यवाद सर।तर [[ब्लडी म्यारी]] को बारेमा तपाईंलाई थाहा भएका तथ्यहरू थप गरिदिनु होला है सर।(भूपेन ११:०५, २१ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) ==आशा छ== हिमाल जी NTC मा कत्तिको सस्तो पर्छ इन्टरनेट सम्पुर्ण जानकारी दिनुहोला है।Ncell बाट wiki सम्पादन गर्न गर्दा र नेट चलाउदा जोगि नै हुन लागीयो।मैले पनि अब NTC चलाउने सोचमा छु।अनि पढाइ कहाँ सम्म पुर्याउनु भयो।Twitter ma hajur lai flowe gare ko chu.malai pani garnu hola .tesai bata mgs garau la. धन्यवाद। ==आशा छ== हिमाल जी NTC मा कत्तिको सस्तो पर्छ इन्टरनेट सम्पुर्ण जानकारी दिनुहोला है।Ncell बाट wiki सम्पादन गर्न गर्दा र नेट चलाउदा जोगि नै हुन लागीयो।मैले पनि अब NTC चलाउने सोचमा छु।अनि पढाइ कहाँ सम्म पुर्याउनु भयो।Twitter ma hajur lai flowe gare ko chu.malai pani garnu hola .tesai bata mgs garau la. अनि wiki camp 2018 lahan मा जानू हुन्छ कि हुदैन। सम्पूर्णको एक मुस्त जानकारी दिनुहोला है। धन्यवाद। ==उत्तर== मैले NTC number लिएपछि मेरो नम्बर दिउला।तर अहिले यहि wiki को मेरो मेसेज पेजमा मेरा प्रश्नहरूको सम्पुर्ण उत्तरहरू दिनु होस् न।हुदैन। ==एक मुस्कान== {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Smiley.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''तपाइको मेहनत को लागि एक मुस्कान''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नमस्कार {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू! नेपाली विकिमा तपाइले धेरै योगदानहरु दिनुभएको छ यस्को लागि धेरै-धेरै '''धन्यबाद''' । नेपाली विकिमा यस्ता राम्रा कामहरु जारी राख्नु होला,तपाइका हरेक कामहरु विकिका लागि निक्कै जरुरी छन ।धन्यबाद ! (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०३:४९, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) |} ==खेल== अह! हेरेन ==कुरा== अनि हजुरले अहिले विकि के बाट चलाउनु भएको छ।वाइफाई कि डाटाबाट (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०३:५८, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == डाटा == सधै डाटा नेपाल टेलिकमको अहिले दसौं अफर छ ६ रुपैया मा ३६ एमबी ६ बजे देखि ६ बजे सम्म [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:०२, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Minor Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सामान्य बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | तपाईंको योगदानको मूल्यांकन गर्दै सम्मानार्थ यो बार्नस्टार प्रदान गरेको छु । [[User:Devraj poudel|Devraj poudel]] ([[User talk:Devraj poudel|कुरा गर्ने]]) १२:४९, २८ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> == सम्पादक बार्नस्टार == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सम्पादक बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गर्नु भएको अनेक सम्पादन, राम्रो छाटकाँट, अनेक नयाँ लेख लेखन र अनवरत योगदानको सम्मान स्वरूप -[[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४१, १ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == फोटो सम्बन्धि == मदन पुरस्कार पुस्तकालय को फोटोहरू "public domain" मा upload गर्न मिल्छ कि मिल्दैन? [[User:ReddevilsBivek|ReddevilsBivek]] ([[User talk:ReddevilsBivek|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:२७, १३ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:५७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ का सहभागि विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू, २०१८ को संस्करणमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा '''१७० वटा''' पृष्ठहरू तयार भई यो कार्यक्रम सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न भएको छ । यस कार्यक्रममा ४ वटा भन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागि मित्रहरूलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ पोस्टकार्ड पठाउने तथा यस कार्यक्रममा सबैभन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागीलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना राजदूतको रूपमा चयन गरि प्रमाण पत्र समेत प्रदान गर्ने गरिन्छ । तसर्थ कृपया पोस्टकार्ड तथा प्रमाणपत्रहरूको लागी '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform यहाँ]''' आफ्नो जानकारी मिति १० जनवरी २०१९ सम्ममा राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समुहको तर्फवाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:४३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=694091 --> [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:१२, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> ==राम्रो== मेरो हिजोको योजना थियो २०१५ राष्ट्रिय लिगमा तथ्य थप गर्ने तर २०१७ धनगढी लिग थप गरे । अब २/३ मा नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग र सबै संस्करणहरू सकेसम्मको तथ्यपुर्ण हुनेछ । ([[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|25px]] {{country data NEP|flagicon/core|variant=|size=}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ I 💘 NEPAL'']] [[चित्र:User Bhupendra Shrestha.jpg|25px]] १६:५३, १३ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल २०१८ प्रतिवेदन == नमस्ते ! प्रतिवेदनको लिङ्कहरू यस प्रकार छन् : * [[:meta:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/पर्वत सुबेदी|Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/पर्वत सुबेदी]] * [[:meta:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/हिमाल सुबेदी|Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/हिमाल सुबेदी]] धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:०५, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == नेपालीकरण == यहाँ नेपाली नै छ तर https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikicamp_Nepal_2018/Participation&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile यो लिङ्कमा गई नेपालीमा राख्दिनुपो भनेको त। [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १३:१२, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) * {{Done}} &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:१६, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==सल्लाह== पर्वत [[बिग्रेड ब्वाइज क्लब]] र [[ब्वाइज युनियन क्लब]] के दुई छुट्टाछुट्टै क्लब हो कि एउटै नेपाली फुटबल क्लब हो । ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:१०, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == फरक क्लब == ब्वाइज युनियन क्लब बि डिभिजनको क्लब हो भने ब्रिगेड ब्वाइज ए डिभिजन क्लब हो।[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१४, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==गल्ती== उसो भए २०७५ सालको लिगमा धगल्ती भएछ क्यारे, बिग्रेड को ठाउँमा ब्वाइज क्लब लेखिएछ। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:२३, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == सच्याउने सम्बन्धमा == तत्काल सच्चाउनु पर्ने भयोन्त ह्याँ अब[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:२६, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==हुन्छ== सकेसम्म हुन्छ। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:२८, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:टिप्पणीको लागि अनुरोध/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == यहाँको इमेल ठेगाना सम्बन्धमा == पर्वत सुबेदी जी यहाँको भाषा प्रेम र नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान प्रशंसनीय छ। तपाईँले थुप्रै उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू लेख्नुभएको छ। तर तपाईँको लेखनशैली तथा सम्पादनको तरिकालाई हेर्दा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा प्रतिको घृणा प्रष्ट झल्किन्छ। हो म पनि मान्छु कि कुनै पनि भाषा बोल्दा वा लेख्दा शुद्ध बोल्नु वा लेख्नु पर्छ तर कतिपय यस्ता कुराहरू छन् जहाँ अङ्ग्रेजीको प्रयोगलाई नकार्न सकिन्न। जस्तै: तपाईँले आफ्नो परिचय सँगै दिनुभएको इमेल ठेगाना '''पर्वत सुबेदी @ यानडेक्स डटकम''' देवनागरीमा लेख्न उपयुक्त हुँदैन। किनकि यस ठेगानामा इमेल पठाउँदा तपाईँले कुनै पनि हालतमा इमेल पाउनुहुने छैन्; यो एक अनाधिकृत इमेल ठेगाना हो। तसर्थ यस इमेल ठेगानालाई अङ्ग्रेजी अक्षरहरूमैं लेख्न सही हुन्छ र यही अनुरूप सच्याउन आग्रह गर्छु। यही उदाहरण मार्फत आवश्यक र अपरिहार्य रहेको ठाउँमा अङ्ग्रेजी शब्व वा अक्षरको प्रयोग गर्न मेरो सुझाव छ। धन्यवाद!--[[User:Nirajan pant|Nirajan pant]] ([[User talk:Nirajan pant|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:००, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == [[:चित्र:Sandeep-1024x745.png]] == यस चित्रको प्रतिलिपि अधिकारको बारेमा कुनै जानकारी उपलब्ध छैन। यदि प्रतिलिपि अधिकारको बारेमा चित्रमा कुनै सूचना नदिए यस चित्रलाई तुरुन्त मेटाइनेछ। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:३६, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==इमो== पर्वत सर तत्काल अहिले इमोमा आउन सक्नु हुन्छ । धन्यवाद ! ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १६:४४, १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:५१, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Rosetta Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''रोजेटा बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | विगत लामो समय देखि अनवरत रुपमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका धेरै लेखहरू अनुवाद गर्दै आउनु भएकोमा तपाईंको कठोर परिश्रमको कदर स्वरुप तपाईंको पृष्ठमा यो अनुवादक बार्नस्टर प्रदान गरिएको छ, स्विकार्नुहोला । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २०:३२, ४ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == जानकारी == तपाईलाई नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अंग्रेजी भाषाको कुनै पनि प्रयोग हुन नहुने लाग्छ भने समुदायमा छलफल गरौ र समुदायको निर्णय अनुसार गरौला । [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:०१, २६ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेको विषयमा == नमस्ते पर्वत ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#नेपाली_स्थान,_व्यक्ति,_संस्था_अादीको_पृष्ठमा_अङ्ग्रेजी_भाषाको_प्रयोग_सम्बन्धमा|नेपाली स्थान, व्यक्ति, संस्था आदीको पृष्ठमा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग सम्बन्धमा]] चौतारीमा छलफल हुँदै गर्दा मैले भर्खरै सृजना गरेको [[भेडे खुर्सानी]] नामक पृष्ठबाट अङ्ग्रेजी शीर्षकमा रहेको '''Bell pepper''' साथै अन्य केही अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दहरू किन हटाउनुभएको हो मैले पटक्कै बुझ्न सकिन? कृप्या यथार्थ र भरपर्दो कारण दिनहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १०:३९, २७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) :पर्वत जी! यस विषयमा चलिरहेको छलफल चौतारीमा नसकिएको कारणले हालको लागि तपाइको सम्पादनलाई फर्काइएको छ । छलफल सकिएपछि यसलाई परिणाम अनुसार परिवर्तन गरिने छ । त्यसैले कृपया यस लेखमा भएको अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दलाई अहिलेको लागि नमेट्न अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद ।- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १५:२१, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == अङ्ग्रेजी शब्द मेटाएको विषय == विप्लव ज्यु, नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादक वा पाठक सबैले अङ्ग्रेजी बुझ्छन् र जान्दछन् भन्ने हुँदैन जस्तै मैले सामान्य अङ्ग्रेजी मात्र पढ्न र बुभ्न सक्छु। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अङ्ग्रेजी शब्द राख्ने वा प्रतिलिपी गर्ने हो भने नेपाली विकिपिडियाको अस्तित्व रहदैन। अङ्ग्रेजीले अघिको खुर्सानीको पृष्ठमा नेपाली कहिँकतै प्रयोग भएको छैन तर हामीले भने अन्य कुनै भाषाको प्रयोग गरि नेपाली भाषालाई निकै कमजोर र अन्य भाषालाई महान बनाउँदै आइरहेका छौँ र मेरो एउटा प्रश्न के छ भने किन हामीले अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा नेपाली पृष्ठमा राखेका छौँ? यसको उदेश्य के छ? के अरु भाषाले पनि नेपाली भाषालाई ठाउँ दिएका छन् त? नेपालीमा बन्ने सबै पृष्ठ अङ्ग्रेजीबाट अनुवादीत हुन्छ भन्ने भ्रम पनि हामीमा छ। हामीले अहिले सम्म अङ्ग्रेजी विकिपिडियाले जे गर्यो त्यो गर्दै आएका छौँ। अघिको खुर्सानीको पृष्ठ अङ्ग्रेजीमा बेल पेपर कि के चाहिँ पो हुदो रहेछ तपाईले भनेर थाह पाएँ तपाईले मलाई जसरी अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा मलाई सिकाउँदै हुनुहुन्छ म त्यही हो रोक्न चाहने। हामी भाषाप्रति अलिकति संबेदनसिल हुने भए यो समस्य कहिल्यै पनि आउदैन। [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:२७, २७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == जानकारी सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा नयाँ छलफल सुरू गरिएको हुनाले सो छलफलको निर्णय नआउञ्जेलसम्मका लागि तपाईद्वारा यस विकिपिडियामा रहेको [[विकिपिडिया:पञ्च स्तम्भ|पञ्च स्तम्भ]]को पालना गर्नुपर्नेछ साथै विकिपिडिया समुदायमा रहेको नीति विपरित कुनै पनि अनावश्यक काममा तपाईको संलग्नता रहेको पाइएमा तपाईलाई तत्काल विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाइने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:०६, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == शीघ्रातिशीघ्र माफी माग्न आह्वान == '''नमस्ते पर्वतज्यु,''' ''प्रयोगकर्तालाई निषेध गर्ने छलफल''को [[Special:Diff/736286|निष्कर्ष आइसकेको]] छ। कृपया! हजुरलाई अनुरोध गर्दछु [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ गएर]] अनुच्छेदको तल्लो भागमा आफ्नो माफीनामा राख्नुहोला। माफीनामा नआएको खण्डमा हजुरलाई छलफलमा भने बमोजिम कम्तीमा १ महिनासम्मको लागि विकिपिडियाबाट निषेध गरिनेछ र निषेध फुकुवा गर्न निवेदन पनि राख्न पाउनु हुनेछैन। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> ०४:४३, ४ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == छलफल: मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन == नमस्ते, [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (विविध)#मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन|मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन]]बारे भइरहेको छलफलमा सहभागी भई टिप्पणी राखिदिनु हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:२६, २४ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=741365 --> == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> गत वर्ष विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा भाग लिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद, र आशा गर्दछु कि तपाईंले यसको आनन्द लिनुभयो । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो, र तपाईंले यसलाई बनाउनु भएको हो । हामी यो नोभेम्बरमा यस कार्यक्रमलाई फेरि आयोजना गर्दैछौं, र तपाईंलाई हामीसँग फेरि सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छौं । यो वर्ष, हाम्रो मापदण्ड उही हो । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३७, ३१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19508878 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2019 == <div style="border:8px orange ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Greetings! Thank you for organizing '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2019''' for your local Wikipedia language. For rules and guidelines, refer to [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Organiser Guidelines|this page]] on Meta. To reach out for support for the contest or ask any query, reach out to us on our [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Contact Us]] page. Our [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|International Team]] will be assisting you through out the contest duration. Thank you for your efforts in making this project successful. Best wishes, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|WAM 2019 International Team]] ::::Stay Updated [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/|50x50px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth|50x50px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19515825 --> == Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest == In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis. Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month international team]]. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१२, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19592097 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? *We have a total of 10,186 articles made during this edition and it's the highest of all time. *Make sure you judge all articles before December 20th, Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Status|this page]]. *There will be two round of address collection scheduled: December 22th and December 27th 2019. *Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) on [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Ambassadors|this page]], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. *In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[user:Ле Лой|Le Loy]] for more information. Best wishes, [[:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:३०, १४ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19638067 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रमुख लेखहरूमा राम्रो कार्यको लागि धन्यवाद। [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' १३:१२, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) |} == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == [[ढाँचा:Soccerbase season|ढाँचा आयात संबन्धित]] == कृपया! ढाँचा आयात गर्न [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ आयातको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ]] अनुरोध गर्नु होला। कुनै विकिपिडियाबाट सिधा पेस्ट नगरिदिनुहोला। धन्यवाद! — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] ^{[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]} १२:०८, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सारांश बारेमा == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, कृपया! पृष्ठको सबै सामाग्रीहरू हटाउदै वा पृष्ठ खाली गरीँदै गर्दा—सारांशमा उपयुक्त कारण राखिदिनु हुन् अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] ^{[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]} १३:०८, २६ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == जोसेफ स्टालिन: खण्ड एक सामान्य परिवारका थिए स्टालिन सम्बन्धमा == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]]ले यस लेखको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/जोसेफ_स्टालिन#एक_सामान्य_परिवारका_थिए_स्टालिन|एक सामान्य परिवारका थिए स्टालिन] खण्डलाई <b>प्रतिलिपि साभार</b>को आरोप लगाउनु भएको छ। यसको थप प्रमाण सहित पुष्टी गर्नु भए थप स्पष्ट हुने थियो। यस पृष्ठको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=history|इतिहास] हेर्दा सो खण्ड २२:४१, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०१८‎ मा [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bishaldev100|Bishaldev]] बाट थप गरिएको थाहा हुन्छ। भने लोकपाटि डट कममा [https://lokpati.com/2018/24/4198|को हुन् स्टालिन ? यस्तो छ स्टालिनको अर्थ (रोचक जीवनी)]मा Oct 24, 2018 साभार भएको छ। त्यस्तै शिलापत्र डट कम मा [https://shilapatra.com/detail/17096|जोसेफ स्टालिन : हिरो पनि भिलेन पनि !]मा सोमबार, पुस ७, २०७६, ११:३३:०० प्रकाशित भएको थियो। त्यसकारण यसलाई थप स्पष्ट बनाउन आग्रह गर्न चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद । [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bishaldev100|Bishaldev]] Bishaldev १०:१९, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सम्पादन रद्द गरिएको == [[डिजिटल हिमालय]] र [[हिमालय टेलिभिजन]] छुट्टाछुट्टै विषयवस्तु भएकोले तपाईद्वारा [[डिजिटल हिमालय]]लाई [[हिमालय टेलिभिजन]]मा निर्देशित गरिएको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=डिजिटल_हिमालय&curid=99915&diff=811712&oldid=677858 सम्पादन] रद्द गरिएको छ। पुनर्निर्देशित गर्दा ध्यान पुर्याउन हुन अनुरोध छ।--[[User:Nirajan pant|Nirajan pant]] ([[User talk:Nirajan pant|कुरा गर्ने]]) २१:५४, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==पृष्ठ सार्ने बारे== पर्वत सुबेदी ज्यू। अरूले बनाएको पृष्ठ, उक्त पृष्ठको वार्तालापमा छलफल नगरी नसार्नु होला। -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> २०:०७, ३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सार्ने सम्बन्धमा सल्लाह सुझाव == नमस्ते {{U|पर्वत सुबेदी}} ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगत २ वर्षदेखि निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनुभएकोमा धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। यहाँले नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[वि:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]] व्यवस्थापन तथा निर्माणमा देखाउनुभएको उर्जा र गतिशीलता सराहनीय रहेको कारणले नै यहाँलाई समुदायिक छलफलद्वारा ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार दिइएको थियो। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा लेखहरूको शीर्षक कस्तो हुनुपर्छ वा राख्ने सम्बन्धमा नीति नभएकोले समुदायले [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|लेख शीर्षक]] नीतिलाई [[:Special:Diff/808429|बहुमतले पास]] गरि लागू गर्नुका साथै [[वि:स्थानान्तरण|स्थानान्तरण]] सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठ निर्माण नभएसम्मको लागि छलफलको आधारमा मात्र पृष्ठको [[:Special:Diff/814282|शीर्षक परिवर्तन]] गर्नुपर्ने नीति बनाएको यहाँलाई अवगत नै हुनुपर्ने हो। विकिपिडिया जो सुकैले सम्पादन गर्न सक्ने स्वतन्त्र थलो भएतापनि समुदायले लागू गरिसकेको नीति र नियमलाई पालना गर्ने दायित्वपनि हामि सबैको हो। तपाईँ सक्रिय तथा विश्वनीय प्रयोगकर्ता हुनुका साथै यस विकिपिडियामा विशेष अधिकार राख्नुभएको छ जसको प्रयोग सन्तुलित र न्यायोचित हुनुपर्छ। सबै प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको आ-आफ्नो विशेष काम गर्ने शैली र व्यवहार भएतापनि सबैजना समुदायको नीति र नियमको अधीनमा रहेका छन्। अस्ति तपाईँले [[:Special:Diff/810217|यो पृष्ठ]] सारेकोले {{U|Krish Dulal}} ज्यूद्वारा सुझाव सन्देश पाउनुभएको थियो। पृष्ठको शीर्षकलाई परिवर्तन गर्नको लागि वार्तालाप मात्रै विकल्प भएकोले (नीति लागू) तपाईँले अब उपरान्त कुनैपनि पृष्ठलाई बिना छलफल सार्नुभएको लग देखिएमा [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक|प्रबन्धक]]ले यहाँसँग रहेको ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार हटाउने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। ढाँचा तथा मोड्युललाई देवनागरी शीर्षकमा राख्ने वा नराख्ने विषयमा सामुदायिक छलफल हुनुपर्छ गरिनुपर्छ तर समुदायको कुनै ठोस निर्णय नआएसम्म पहिलदेखि चलिआएको विकी परम्परालाई नै प्राथमिकता दिनुपर्ने सर्वमान्य तर्क छ। तपाईँसँग विश्वका विभिन्न भाषाको ज्ञान भएतापनि तपाईँले सोझै बिना कुनै वार्तालाप गरि पृष्ठको शीर्षक सुधार गर्नुभएमा (मुख्यतया पछाडि [[:Special:Log/move/पर्वत_सुबेदी|अनुप्रेषण नराखि]] सार्ने क्रिया गरेको देखिएको छ) त्यो एकल निर्णय सरह देखिन्छ तसर्थ यस विषयमा अबदेखि सजग भएर नीति नियम पुगाएर मात्रै क्रिया गर्न सल्लाह दिन चाहन्छु। विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ताको लागि विकिपिडियाको पृष्ठ जति महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ त्यस पृष्ठको इतिहास त्योभन्दा बढि महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ तसर्थ पृष्ठ सार्नुपूर्व विभिन्न पक्ष औल्याउनुपर्ने हुन्छ। पृष्ठ बनाउनुहोस्, सल्लाह सुझाव लिनुहोस्/दिनुहोस्, सामुदायिक वार्तालापमा सहभागी हुनुहोस् र नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराईलाई बढाउने जुन परिवर्तनकारी सोच/प्रण लिनुभएको छ त्यसलाई पूरा गर्ने दिशामा अगाडि बढ्नुहोस्। यहाँ हुने कुनै पनि सामुदायिक वार्तालापको निर्णय तपाईँले सोचेको समयमा नआउला यसको अर्थ तपाईँले आफ्नो धैर्यता गुमाइदिने कि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिने- अवश्यपनि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिनुपर्छ। हामि सबैले अन्ततः यो विकिपिडियालाई सबै पक्षबाट स्तरीय बनाउने कोसिस गर्दैछौँ यसमा सबैको सहयोगको आवश्यकता छ। अन्त्यमा, हामि सबै यहाँ एउटै सोच लिएर अगाडि बढ्दै यात्रा गरिरहेका छौँ तसर्थ मेरो सल्लाहलाई आत्मसात गर्दै विकिपिडियामा आफ्नो योगदानलाई निरन्तरता दिदैँ अगाडि बढ्नुहुनेछ भनि आशासहित धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:५५, १३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] यस [[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png]] पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र मेटाउन अनुरोध गर्दै एक चिनो राखिएको छ। यो निम्न कारणका लागि गरिएको छ: <blockquote>{{{2}}}</blockquote> [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेटाउने मापदण्ड]] अन्तर्गत, केहि मापदण्ड पूरा गर्ने पृष्ठ कुनै पनि समय मेटिनेछ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95.png|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-reason-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:४९, १५ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == चेतावनी == नमस्कार, केही दिन अघि मैले तपाईंलाई चेतावनी दिएको थिए कि विकिपिडियामा पहिले नै अवस्थित नयाँ लेख सिर्जना नगर्नुहोस्। तर तपाईंले हिजो उही गल्ती गर्नुभयो जुन विकिपिडियामा अनुमति छैन। तपाईंले लेखको गलत नाम बारेमा पनि छलफल गर्नुभएन र लेखको नयाँ नाम पनि गलत छ र अवस्थित लेख सहि थियो। पृष्ठ सिर्जनाकर्ताको क्रेडिट प्राप्त गर्न कृपया त्यस्ता गतिविधिहरू नगर्नुहोस्। धन्यवाद- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १३:३२, १ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य पृष्ठ सम्पादन == कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार|नामांकन]] नगरी [[ढाँचा:प्रमुख समाचार‎]]मा नयाँ समाचार थप नगर्नुहोस्। तपाइँले टेम्प्लेट सम्पादक अधिकार पाउनु भएको सोच्दै, कृपया मुख्य पृष्ठहरू छलफल नगरी सम्पादन नगर्नुहोस्।- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:५७, १ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, तथा तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ। तपाईँद्वारा सृजित पृष्ठ, [[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक]], परिक्षण पृष्ठ सरह, [[वि:शीमे#सा२|सा२]] अन्तर्गत चिह्नित गरिएकोले मेटाइयो वा शीघ्र मेटाइनेछ भनि यो सूचित गरिन्छ। तपाईँले गर्न चाहनुहुने कुनै पनि अन्य परीक्षणहरूको लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]को प्रयोग गर्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँ हाम्रो ज्ञानकोशमा योगदान पुर्‍याउने बारेमा बढी जान्न चाहानुहुन्छ भने [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] पृष्ठमा हेर्नुहोस्। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%2F%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%2F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-test-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:३३, २० जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == तपाईँको लेख [[चिली]]== [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र विकिपिडियामा [[Special:Contributions/पर्वत सुबेदी|हजुरको योगदान]]का the page [[:चिली]] लागि धन्यवाद ! तपाईले विकिपिडियामा थप गर्नुभएको पृष्ठ ''नेपाली'' संस्करणमा छ । यो नेपाली भाषाको लेख होइन । यस लेखलाई नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्न हामी तपाईंलाई अनुरोध गर्दछौं । विदेशी भाषाका पृष्ठहरू यहाँ राखिनेछैनन् र यदि तिनीहरू नेपालीमा अनुवाद नगरिए [[वि:शिमे|मेटिनेछन्]] । धन्यवाद ! <!-- Template:uw-notenglish --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:१९, १२ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == A barnstar for you! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Special Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Special Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित विषयहरूको बारेमा यहाँको योगदान स्वरूप-- [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १२:११, २३ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) |} == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन सामुदायिक समिति सिट: प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठक == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन न्यासी समितिले सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी १ देखि मार्च १ सम्म सामुदायिक चयन प्रक्रियाहरूको बारेमा प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठकको आयोजना गरिरहेको छ। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन र विकिमिडिया अभियान विगत १० बर्षमा लगभग पाँच गुणाले वृद्धि भएको छ भने यसको समितिको संरचना र प्रक्रियाहरू मूल रूपमा उस्तै रहिरहेको छ। वर्तमान समितिको संरचनामा हाम्रो क्षमता, प्रदर्शन, र अभियानको विविधता अनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको अभाव एउटा समस्याको रूपमा रहेको छ। प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचनले गर्दा अग्रणी भाषा समुदायका उम्मेदवारहरूको पक्ष लिने गरेको छ र उनीहरूको सीप र अनुभवद्वारा समिति सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा दिन कतिको सान्दर्भिक हुन सक्छ वा समितिको विशिष्ट उत्तरदायित्वहरू निर्वाह गर्ने क्षमतामा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेको छ। तथ्यहरूलाई नियाल्दा वर्तमान प्रक्रियाहरूले उत्तर अमेरिका र पश्चिम युरोपका स्वयंसेवकहरूको पक्ष लिएको छ। वास्तवमा भन्ने हो भने, दक्षिण एसियाबाट अहिलेसम्मको इतिहासमा हेर्दा जम्मा एक जना सदस्यले मात्र समितिमा स्थान बनाउन सकेको छ। आउँदो महिनाहरूमा हामीलाई तीन सामुदायिक सिटहरू नवीकरण गर्नुपर्नेछ र नयाँ सिटमा तीन थप समुदायिक सदस्यहरू नियुक्त गर्नुपर्नेछ। यो प्रतिक्रियात्मक बैठकमा हामीहरू सबै मिलेर हाम्रो अभियानलाई कसरी प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने र अनुभव, सीप, र विश्वासका साथ अन्तरदृष्टिसहित तैयार भएका उम्मेदवारहरू छनौट गर्न प्रारूप रेखा तयार गर्न सक्छौं? यस सम्बन्धमा, प्रस्तावित विचारहरूमाथि छलफल गर्न र हामी हाम्रो विचारहरू साझा गर्न, प्रतिक्रिया दिन र प्रक्रियामा योगदान दिनको लागि सामुदायिक छलफल गर्नु राम्रो हुनेछ। यसै विषयमा छलफल गर्न, हामीले यही मार्च १३ को साँझ ७ बजे देखि ८ बजेसम्म बैठक आयोजित भइरहेको छ। बैठकको कडी निम्नलिखित रहेको छ: https://meet.google.com/ugf-xyyk-ifi नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित भाषाहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेका सम्पूर्ण भाषाका विकिपिडियन र विकिमिडियनलाई यो बैठकमा आफ्नो विचार राख्न स्वागत गरिन्छ। धन्यवाद, [[User:KCVelaga (WMF)]], ११:४२, ७ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21193233 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == राजा - [[रणबहादुर शाह]] को मुख्तियारी सम्बन्धमा == पर्वत जी नमस्ते! [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80&curid=1567&diff=1007220&oldid=1007203 "नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची"] मा तपाईंले राजा रणबहादुर शाहको मुख्तियारी सुरु भएको मिति "१८६२ फागुन सुदि ८" लाई "१८६२ फागुन ८" मा परिवर्तन गर्नुभएको रहेछ। के तपाईंले यो पात्रो पञ्चाङ्गको हिसाब अनुसार परिवर्तन गर्नु भएको हो? किनभने फागुन सुदि ८ सधैं फागुन ८ नहुन पनि सक्छ। उदाहरणको लागि आजको मिति बि.सं. २०७८ जेष्ठ २ गते यो अनुसार २०७८ वैशाख सुदि ४ हुन आउँछ। यो मिति भनेको चन्द्रमाको पक्ष अनुसारको मिति हो। यस अनुसार शुक्ल पक्षलाई सुदि भनिन्छ भने कृष्ण पक्षलाई वदि भनिन्छ। अर्को कुरा त्यस मितिमा त्यहाँ [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] "नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास" को सन्दर्भ सामग्री उल्लेख गरिएको छ। के तपाईंले त्यस पुस्तक अनुसार मिति नमिलेको भएको परिवर्तन गर्नु भएको हो। उक्त पुस्तकको पृष्ठ २०१ मा वि.सं. १८६२ फागुन सुदि ८ मा रणबहादुर शाह आफ्नै छोरा गीर्वाणयुद्धवीरविक्रम शाहदेवका मुख्तियार भए। भन्ने कुरा उल्लेख गरिएको छ। यदि यो घटना १८६२ फागुन ८ मा भएको भए त्यसलाई प्रमाणित गर्ने सन्दर्भ सामग्री उल्लेख पनि गर्नुहोला। [[user:bishaldev100|Bishal Shrestha]] Bishaldev १९:४५, १६ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto:&#x20;Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == Request == Hello. An IP user has uploaded the article [[अजरबैजानी भाषा]], but some sections remain untranslated. Can you translate them from English into Nepali? Yours sincerely, [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:२१, २ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) {{ping|Multituberculata}} [[अजरबैजानी भाषा]]मा केही सामग्री थप गरेको राखेको छु एकपटक हेरेर प्रतिक्रिया दिनुहोला। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२०, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) :Thank you very much! [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५६, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सारिएको सम्बन्धित == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, पृष्ठ सार्दै गर्दा ध्यान दिनुहोला, पृष्ठमा अरू पृष्ठहरू जोडिएको हुन्छन् अनि लिङ्क रातो हुन् जान्छ, जस्तैः [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/गूगल प्ले]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/खलंगा]], [[:श्रेणी:गूगल]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/गूगल अनुवाद]]...। अधिकारको उपयोग सही तरिकाले गर्नु हुन् यहाँलाई आग्रह गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] २०:४९, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|@Tulsi]] एकैपटकमा त्यो रातो कसरी हटाउने हो? [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २०:५६, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::[[विकिपिडिया:बोटहरू|बोट]] खाताको सहयोगले गर्न सकिन्छ तर नेपाली विकिमा बोटको कमी हुनाले त्यो आफैले गर्नुपर्ने वाध्यता भएको छ। त्यसैले ख्याल गरी पृष्ठ सार्नु होला। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] ०९:२४, ६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ हेरिएको तथ्याङ्क == यो हेर्नुहोस् [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/topviews/?project=ne.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&date=last-year&excludes=] धन्यवाद--[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २२:२१, १२ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> ==[[:वार्तालाप:नेपाल भाषा]]को बारेमा यो बहस हेर्नु होला== [[File:Symbol watching blue lashes high contrast.svg|25px|link=|alt=]]&nbsp;[[:वार्तालाप:नेपाल भाषा]]मा भएको छलफलमा सहभागी हुन निमन्त्रणा छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १८:४०, २५ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)<!-- [[Template:Please see]] --> == तपाईंको लागि एक कप चिया! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Meissen-teacup pinkrose01.jpg|120px]] |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रबन्धक भएकोमा बधाई छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} २०:०५, २ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) |} == अनुरोध == कृपया मलाई [[विकिपिडिया:समीक्षक|समीक्षक]] र [[विकिपिडिया:ढाँचा सम्पादकहरू|ढाँचा सम्पादक]] अधिकार दिनुहुन्छ। म पुराना ढाँचाहरू अद्यावधिक गर्ने र सम्पादन सूचनाहरू सिर्जना गर्ने काम गरिरहेको छु। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १८:२८, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) {{ping|बडा काजी}}, अधिकारको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:विशेषाधिकार निवेदन]]मा गई र अनुरोध गर्नुहोला। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १८:३२, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == सारिएका पृष्ठहरू सम्बन्धित == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, पृष्ठ सार्दै गर्दा ध्यान दिनुहोला, पृष्ठमा अरू पृष्ठहरू जोडिएको हुन्छन् अनि लिङ्क रातो हुन् जान्छ, जस्तैः [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/३ फाल्गुण]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/७ फाल्गुण]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/६ श्रावण]]...। अधिकारको उपयोग गर्दा सबै कुरालाई ध्यानमा राखेर मात्र प्रयोग गर्नु हुन् यहाँलाई आग्रह गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १३:५३, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :{{ping|Tulsi}} यसलाई पछि बोटको प्रयोग गरेर मिलाउँदै लैजाने हो र अनि अर्को कुरा यहाँ मलाई वार्ता लेख्नुको सट्टामा तपाईले पनि मिलाउन सक्नुहुनेछ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १६:३४, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::पछि गर्ने विचारले गर्दा नै अहिले हजारौं लेखहरू सामग्री नभएको हुनाले मेटाउने अवस्था आएको छ। मलाई फुर्सद छैन अरुको गल्ती सुधार गर्दै बस्नु। सुधार गर्नसक्नु हुन्न भने कृपया पृष्ठ नसार्नु अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] २०:२५, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) #{{ping|Tulsi}} त्यो जोडिएको पृष्ठ महिना भन्ने ढाँचालेे गर्दा जोडिएको देखिएको मात्र हो। महिना सम्बन्धित पृष्ठमा कुनै सामग्री नभएका लेखहरू हुन् यी भनेका यस्ता सबै पृष्ठहरू मेट्ने हो। सम्बन्धित पृष्ठ मेटिए पछि सबै खाली हुनेछ अनि म यो तत्काल सम्पादन गर्दै छु कम्तिमा सुधार हुन केही दिन त दिनुस् ताकी म सुधार गर्न सकूँ सम्बन्धित पृष्ठहरू।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २२:०४, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]]बाट प्रश्न (२१:५८, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२) == नमस्ते ..संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा बढि भिटो प्रयोग गर्ने देश कुन हो? --[[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]] ([[User talk:रमा देवी ढकाल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५८, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) {{Ping|रमा देवी ढकाल}}, सबैभन्दा बढी भिटो अधिकार प्रयोग गर्ने राष्ट्र रुस (१२१ पटक) हो।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २२:०१, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू == नमस्ते पर्वतजी, पृष्ठहरू मेटाउँदा उपयुक्त [[वि:शीमे]] आधार उल्लेख गरेर पृष्ठहरू मेटाउन् अनुरोध गर्द छु किनभने अरू प्रयोगकर्तालाई बुझ्न सहजहोस् कि यस कारण पृष्ठ मेटाईको छ। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १६:०८, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :{{Ping|Tulsi}}, शीमे चिन्ह लगाउँदा अनुरोधकर्ताले कारण सहित चिन्ह लगाएको हुन्छ र पृष्ठ पनि सोही कारण अनुसार नै मेटिन्छ। जस्तै सामग्री रहित भनेर शीमे चिन्ह लगाइएको छ भने रित्ता श्रेणी भनेर त पृष्ठ मेटिन्न नि। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::...सोही कारण अनुसार नै मेटिन्छ भने सोही कारण उल्लेख गर्नु नि, "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" किन उल्लेख गर्नु पर्यो। उपयुक्त [[वि:शीमे|शीमे आधार]] उल्लेख गर्दा राम्रो। मेटिएको पृष्ठको इतिहास प्रबन्धकले मात्र देख्न मिल्छ अनि "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" उल्लेख गरेर मेटाउनु भयो भने अरू प्रयोगकर्तालाई के आधारमा मेटिएको हो कसरी थाहा हुन्छ? जे उचित् लाग्छ त्यही गर्नु। तपाईको बुझाईको लागि धन्यवाद। &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] ०८:५९, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:१०, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Help us organize! == Dear Wikimedian, You may already know that the third iteration of [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023|WikiConference India]] is happening in March 2023. We have recently opened [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Scholarships|scholarship applications]] and [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Program_Submissions|session submissions for the program]]. As it is a huge conference, we will definitely need help with organizing. As you have been significantly involved in contributing to Wikimedia projects related to Indic languages, we wanted to reach out to you and see if you are interested in helping us. We have different teams that might interest you, such as communications, scholarships, programs, event management etc. If you are interested, please fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdN7EpOETVPQJ6IG6OX_fTUwilh7MKKVX75DZs6Oj6SgbP9yA/viewform?usp=sf_link this form]. Let us know if you have any questions on the [[:m:Talk: WikiConference_India_2023|event talk page]]. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:०६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24094749 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == टोगग == @[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] नमस्ते, तपाईंले यो लेख मेटाउनुभयो किनभने यसमा पर्याप्त जानकारी थिएन। अब यसलाई मस्यौदाको रूपमा सारिएको छ के तपाईं थप जानकारी थपेर यसलाई फेरि लेख बनाउन सक्नुहुन्छ? [[User:ARDITGILA|ARDITGILA]] ([[User talk:ARDITGILA|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०१:०४, ३ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == हिन्दु धर्म == नमस्ते! कृपया [[हिन्दु धर्म]] पृष्ठबाट सम्पादन सुरक्षा हटाउनुहोस्। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १९:१८, ६ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]]बाट प्रश्न (२०:१५, १० डिसेम्बर २०२२) == नमस्ते 🙏 प्रश्न:हाल बृहस्पतिका कति ग्रहहरु छन.? --[[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]] ([[User talk:रमा देवी ढकाल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१५, १० डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023:WCI2023 Open Community call on 18 December 2022 == Dear Wikimedian, As you may know, we are hosting regular calls with the communities for [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]. This message is for the second Open Community Call which is scheduled on the 18th of December, 2022 (Today) from 7:00 to 8:00 pm to answer any questions, concerns, or clarifications, take inputs from the communities, and give a few updates related to the conference from our end. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call. * [WCI 2023] Open Community Call * Date: 18 December 2022 * Time: 1900-2000 [7 pm to 8 pm] (IST) * Google Link: https://meet.google.com/wpm-ofpx-vei Furthermore, we are pleased to share the telegram group created for the community members who are interested to be a part of WikiConference India 2023 and share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions. Link to join the telegram group: https://t.me/+X9RLByiOxpAyNDZl. Alternatively, you can also leave us a message on the [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|Conference talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:५६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small> On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Organizing team </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24099166 --> == Hello == I have been translated a page to Nepalese but you have deleted it some minutes ago, Please tell me how is it possible that the topic be here? I need your guide thanks! [[User:Jjff1|Jjff1]] ([[User talk:Jjff1|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४२, २९ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == समीक्षक == कृपया, मेरो समीक्षक अधिकारलाई हटाएर [[विकिपिडिया:गस्तीगर्ने प्रयोगकर्ता|गस्तीगर्ने प्रयोगकर्ता]]सँग बदल्दिनु न। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] ^{([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])} १९:४८, ८ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) ==चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg मा फाइल स्रोतको समस्या== [[File:Copyright-problem.svg|64px|left|alt=|link=]] '''[[:चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg]]''' अपलोड गर्नु भएकोमा धन्यवाद । यध्यपि, अहिले यसमा '''प्रतिलिपि अधिकार''' र '''इजाजतपत्र''' जानकारी हराइरहेको छ । विकिपिडियाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रतिलिपि अधिकार|प्रतिलिपि अधिकार]]लाई धेरै गम्भीर रूपमा लिन्छ । स्वीकार्य इजाजतपत्र र एक प्रमाणित स्रोतको उल्लेख नभएमा यो चाँडै मेटाइनेछ । कृपया, [[:चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg|फाइल विवरण पृष्ठ]] सम्पादन गरेर यो जानकारी थप गर्नुहोस् । विकिपिडियामा तपाईले कस्ता तस्वीर अपलोड गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सक्नुहुन्न, कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:चित्र प्रयोग नीति#तस्बिर अपलोड|चित्र प्रयोग नीति]]को अध्यान गर्नुहोला । यदि फाइल पहिले नै मेटिएको रहेछ भने, [[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नमेटाउनको लागी अनुरोध]] गरि, समस्या समाधानका लागी एक मौका सोध्न सक्नुहुन्छ ।<!-- Template:You can request undeletion --> तपाईंले अपलोड गर्नुभएका अन्य फाईलहरू उचित नीति अनुरूप ट्याग गरिए-नगरिएको [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=upload&user=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80}} यहाँ] निश्चित गर्नुहोस् । तपाईंको सहयोगको लागि पुनः धन्यवाद । <!-- Template:Di-no license-notice --> [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:१८, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Vrm Maithili|Vrm Maithili]]बाट प्रश्न (२०:५१, २२ मार्च २०२३) == नमस्कार --[[User:Vrm Maithili|Vrm Maithili]] ([[User talk:Vrm Maithili|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५१, २२ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]बाट प्रश्न (१४:१६, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == मैले नेपाल मा नाया राजनीतिक दल खोल्न गइरहेको छु त्यास कारण मैले तपाईं लाई सल्लाहकार राखेको छु । म बाट कुनै गल्ती भयो भने तपाई मलाई जानकारी गराउन सक्नुपर्छ । --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:१६, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]बाट प्रश्न (०९:१७, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == यो देशमा भ्राष्ट्राचार वेथिति अन्त कहिले हुनेछन् ?? --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:१७, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]मा [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]को प्रश्न (१८:११, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == नमस्कार सर । तपाईं मलाइ सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ भने 9845233497 मा फोन गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:११, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]]मा [[User:विमल पाण्डेय|विमल पाण्डेय]]को प्रश्न (०९:२९, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२४) == जनसंख्या 2466427 --[[User:विमल पाण्डेय|विमल पाण्डेय]] ([[User talk:विमल पाण्डेय|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:२९, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == तपाईको लागी एउटा सम्मान == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''निरन्तर गतिशील बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | निरन्तर लगातार नेपाली विकिपीडियामा मिहिनेतका साथ सम्पादन गरिरहुनुभएकोले तपाईलाई यो स्टार... <span style="color:green;">^:)</span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;">^ktm</span> १९:४१, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) |} == [[User:Hemant Ratna|Hemant Ratna]]बाट प्रश्न (१३:१८, १५ अप्रिल २०२४) == पर्वत सर नमस्ते । हजुरले 'डायमण्ड जोशी' पृष्ठमा सन्दर्भ अनुसार कसरी सार्वजनिक रूपमा विश्वमै देखाउने भन्ने विषयमा सल्लाह दिएर कृतार्थ गरिदिनुहुन विनम्र अनुरोध गर्दछु । डायमण्डका लागि प्रशस्त सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू छन् । तपाईँले सुझाव र ज्ञान दिएर मार्गप्रशस्त गरिदिनुहुनेछ भन्ने आशा राखेको छु । --[[User:Hemant Ratna|Hemant Ratna]] ([[User talk:Hemant Ratna|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१९, १५ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == प्रमुख_समाचार/उम्मेदवार:२०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन == नमस्कार, [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख_समाचार/उम्मेदवार#सन्_२०२४_को_अमेरिकी_राष्ट्रपतीय_निर्वाचन यस समाचारमा] हजुरको टिप्पणी राख्नुहोला।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] <sup> Bishaldev १९:५०, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]]बाट प्रश्न (१०:४६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४) == hello, how can I possibly create my page? --[[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]] ([[User talk:Ekata123|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:४६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, पर्वत सुबेदी. Can you translate and upload the article about the prominent Turkish economist [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Kindest regards, [[User:Moroike|Moroike]] ([[User talk:Moroike|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१७, २० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]]बाट प्रश्न (११:१२, २६ डिसेम्बर २०२४) == Hello how to create page? --[[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]] ([[User talk:Ekata123|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:१२, २६ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर == " भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर " यो पेज किन हटाईयो ? [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:५४, २२ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :? [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२९, २९ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == भेडिचौर, भेडिचौर क्रिकेट ग्राउन्ड == " भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर " हटाएको हुनाले मैले " भेडिचौर " को बारेमा लेख्ने प्रकृया पनि हरायो । अझ भेडिचौर मा रहेको " भेडिचौर क्रिकेट ग्राउन्ड " को बारेमा पनि लेख तयार गरेको थिए । तपाईंले किन हटाउनु भयो । [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:५७, २२ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == पहिलेको खप्तड गाविसको बारेमा == सर विकिपीडियामा अङ्ग्रेजीमा रहेको खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको‌ लेख खासमा पहिलेको खप्तड गाविसको लेख हुनु पर्ने थियो तर त्यो‌ लेख राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज को बारेमा भएछ।मैले त्यो सच्याए तर डिस्प्ले नाम अझै खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज रहेकाले यसलाइ खप्तड मात्र‌ बनाइदिन आग्रह का साथै अनुरोध गर्दछु। [[User:दिलिप कडायत|दिलिप कडायत]] ([[User talk:दिलिप कडायत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३२, २२ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == नेपाल == [[hi:नेपाल के राष्ट्रपतियों की सूची]] [[hi:नेपाल के उपराष्ट्रपतियों की सूची]] तपाईंले पहिले प्रवेश गर्नुपर्छ। तपाईंको आईपी ठेगानाको सट्टा तपाईंको नाम नेपाल. [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0|2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:१६, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) : == Nepal == :[[:en:List of presidents of Nepal]] :[[:en:List of Vice Presidents of Nepal]]<nowiki> ~~~</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0|2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३७, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1300023 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == बिना छलफल र कारण धेरै पृष्ठ मेटाइएको सम्बन्धमा == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी, हाल तपाईंले धेरै पृष्ठहरू बिना कुनै स्पष्ट कारण वा छलफल मेटाउनु भएको देखिएको छ। साथै, तपाईंले "[[जीवन शाही]]" र "[[युवराज सफल]]" जस्ता पृष्ठहरू पनि छलफल अवधि पूरा नहुँदै मेटाउनुभएको छ। अझ गम्भीर कुरा, तपाईंले ती पृष्ठहरूसँग सम्बन्धित छलफल पृष्ठहरू — "[[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/जीवन शाही]]" र "[[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/युवराज सफल]]" — समेत मेटाउनुभएको छ। कहिलेकाहीँ तपाईंले "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" भनेर कारण उल्लेख गर्नुभएको पाइन्छ, तर यस्तो कारण अस्पष्ट हुन्छ र समुदायका लागि बुझ्न कठिन हुन्छ। यस्ता कार्यहरूले योगदानकर्ताहरूले गरेका सम्पादन र छलफलहरू नष्ट गर्छन्, जसले उनीहरूको मेहनतलाई वर्जित बनाउँछ र प्रबन्धकको जिम्मेवारी तथा पारदर्शितामा प्रश्न उठाउँछ। विकिपिडियामा प्रबन्धकीय अधिकार समुदायको सहमति र स्पष्ट कारणका आधारमा प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ। कृपया यस्तो कार्यको कारण स्पष्ट गर्नुहोस् र भविष्यमा पृष्ठ मेटाउँदा अघि छलफल वा कारण उल्लेख गर्नुहोस्। यदि यस्तो व्यवहार निरन्तर दोहोरिन्छ भने, म यो विषय [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा औपचारिक रूपमा उठाउनेछु। धन्यवाद। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०१:५८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :मेटाइएका पृष्ठ सामग्री अनुवाद गरेर जस्ताको त्यस्तै राखिएको थियो भने तिनिहरूको नाम पनि अनुवाद नै गरेर राखिएको थियो। जस्तै (थुप्रिएको लाहाँचे) यस्ता शीर्षकहरू थिए। अनि तपाईले भनेका युवराज सफल मैले मेटाएको होइन तपाई झुक्किनु भयो अनि जीवन शाही शीमे चिन्हित थियोे। शीमेको अर्थ तत्कालै मेट्नु हो। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:५७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::धन्यवाद जवाफका लागि। मेटाउने विषयमा होइन, तर बिना छलफल वा स्पष्ट कारण पृष्ठहरू मेटाइएकोबारे कुरा गरिएको हो। “शीमे चिन्हित” भनेर उल्लेख गरिएका केही पृष्ठहरू वास्तवमा छलफलको क्रममा थिए। साथै, कृपया मेटाउँदा खाली कारण नछोड्नुहोस् वा “शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू” मात्रै भनेर उल्लेख नगर्नुहोस्, किनभने यस्तो कारण धेरै अस्पष्ट हुन्छ र समुदायका सदस्यहरूले बुझ्न गाह्रो पर्छ। भविष्यमा मेटाउने कारण स्पष्ट रूपमा लेखिदिनुहोस् ताकि पारदर्शिता रहोस् र सबैले बुझ्न सजिलो होस्। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :::हस् हुन्छ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३५, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ किन मेटियो? == पर्वत सुवेदीजी! मैले निर्माण गरेको पत्रकार तथा फोटोपत्रकार टुबल सापकोटासम्बन्धी पेज किन हटाउनु भयो? त्यसमा यथेष्ठ प्रमाण र स्रोतहरू उल्लेख छन्। [[User:Sangam2031|Sangam2031]] ([[User talk:Sangam2031|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:३२, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == गम्भीर चेतावनी: प्रबन्धक अधिकारको दुरुपयोग सम्बन्धमा == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी, तपाईंलाई पहिल्यै पृष्ठहरू बिना छलफल वा स्पष्ट कारण मेटाउने सम्बन्धमा चेतावनी दिइएको थियो, तर हालसालै केही चलिरहेको मेपले छलफल पृष्ठहरू — जस्तै [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/सुर्यप्रसाद दुवे]], विमला अर्याल, काशिटार, र एचबि ताम्राकार — र तिनसँग सम्बन्धित मुख्य लेखहरू पनि छलफलको परिणाम नआउँदै मेटिएको देखियो, साथै पुरानो मेपले पृष्ठ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/प्रकाश न्यौपाने]] पनि मेटिएको छ। यी पृष्ठहरू केवल सामान्य लेख वा उपपृष्ठ होइनन्; यी चलिरहेको वा ऐतिहासिक समुदाय छलफलका पृष्ठहरू हुन्, जसको उद्देश्य पृष्ठ मेट्ने वा राख्ने निर्णयमा पारदर्शिता कायम राख्नु हो। तपाईंले यी पृष्ठहरू र लेखहरू मेट्नु प्रबन्धक अधिकारको स्पष्ट दुरुपयोग हो, जसले विकिपिडियाको नियम, पारदर्शिता र समुदायको विश्वासलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्छ। यदि यस्तो कार्य निरन्तर दोहोरिए, समुदायले तपाईंको प्रबन्धक अधिकारको समीक्षा गर्न सक्नेछ र तपाईं आफ्नो प्रबन्धक अधिकार गुमाउन सक्नुहुन्छ। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:१८, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :छलफल समाप्त भएकाहरूलाई मेटाउन मिल्दैन र? [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:५९, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::शीमे नीति अन्तर्गत छलफल समाप्त भएपछि मेट्न नमिल्ने व्यवस्था छ कि छैन। मैले भेटिन त्यहाँ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:०३, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :::तपाईंले शीमे नीतिसँग सम्बन्धित कुरा गर्नुभएको देखियो, तर यो यहाँ लागू हुँदैन। शीमे नीति केवल स्प्याम, टेस्ट पृष्ठ वा स्पष्ट रूपमा मेट्न मिल्ने पृष्ठहरूका लागि हो। यी पृष्ठहरू भने पुराना वा हालसालैको AfD/समुदाय छलफल पृष्ठहरू हुन्, जसको उद्देश्य निर्णय र छलफलको पारदर्शिता कायम राख्नु हो। त्यसैले, यी पृष्ठहरू मेट्न हुँदैन। :::धन्यवाद। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२१, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::::हामी लेखहरू मेट्छौं, छलफल पृष्ठहरू होइन। AfD वा अन्य समुदाय छलफल पृष्ठहरू सधैं राखिन्छन्, पारदर्शिता र अभिलेखको लागि। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२३, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::::फेरि त्यही शीर्षक राखेको पृष्ठ बन्ने जोखिमलाई मध्यजनर गर्दै छलफल भई मेटिएका पृष्ठहरूलाई छुट्टै अभिलेख बनाएर राखौँ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२७, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == [[User:HumanShiva|HumanShiva]]बाट प्रश्न (०४:४१, ७ अप्रिल २०२६) == कसो कसो गर्नुपर्छ ? --[[User:HumanShiva|HumanShiva]] ([[User talk:HumanShiva|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०४:४१, ७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) on ००:१५, १२ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ०१:५१, २९ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == ज्याबल नामको पृष्ठ मेटाउनुको कारण == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी ज्यु, मैले “ज्याबल” सम्बन्धी पृष्ठ बनाएको थिएँ। पछि हेर्दा अर्को पृष्ठ “सरल यन्त्र” मा सारिएको रहेछ। मेरो विचारमा “ज्याबल” आफैमा एउटा छुट्टै शैक्षिक शब्द भएकाले यसको आफ्नै पृष्ठ हुन सक्ने देखिन्छ। सम्भव भएमा कृपया यसलाई सार्नुको कारण स्पष्ट गरिदिनु मेरो अनुरोध छ। यिनीहरूको अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दहरू पनि भिन्न छन्, “ज्याबल” भनेको "Tool" र “सरल यन्त्र” भनेको "Simple machine"। धन्यवाद। [[User:Srsh101|Srsh101]] ([[User talk:Srsh101|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४५, २६ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:३९, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> iivhbst7uxtyhxjtepeawmpfwv7eawb 1358302 1358289 2026-06-07T17:25:26Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1358302 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Namaste.gif|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb|सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्।]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू''' समस्त [[विकिपिडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईँलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपिडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष|विश्वकोश]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू सङ्ग्रहित हुन्छन्। *हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईँ हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी बनाऔँ। *विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईँ पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा पहिले देखि नै भएका लेखमा सामग्री थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपिडियामा तपाईँद्वारा सृजना गरिएका कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबैभन्दा पहिले दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईँको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपिडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकीको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपिडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *परीक्षणको लागि [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/प्रयोगस्थल|action=edit&preload=Template:User_Sandbox/preload}} आफ्नो प्रयोगस्थल] पृष्ठमा अभ्यास गर्नुहोस। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईँले एउटा विकिपिडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईँको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठको लिङ्क र मिति थपिने छ। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रबन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> |} - --[[Image:Smiley.svg|15px]][[User:Ram Prasad Joshee|'''<font color="#FF4500">आर॰पी॰</font> <font color="#008000">जोशी</font>''']] [[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font color="#2C39BB">वार्ता</font>]] १६:३५, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अथक मिहनतका साथ निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनु भएकोले तपाईंको मिहनतको कदर स्वरुप यो बार्नस्टार तपाईंको पृष्ठमा राखिएको छ । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २१:४४, ७ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{User|Prbtsubedi12345}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सक्रिय योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद । तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएका लेखहरू साना, असपष्ट, स्रोतहीन, विकीडेटासँग नजोडिएको, अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग तथा मेसिनले अनुवादित रहेको कारणले ध्यानाकर्षण भएको अवगत गराउन चाहन्छु । कृपया तपाईले निर्माण गर्नुभएका पृष्ठहरूमा अर्थपूर्ण सामग्रीका साथै अन्य मापदण्डहरू थपेर त्यसलाई यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद --[[Image:Star_प्रमुख.png|30px]][[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:४६, १३ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == पून: लेखहरू सम्बन्धमा == {{ping|Prbtsubedi12345}} तपाइलाई यस अघि पनि विकिपिडिया प्रवन्धकले '''तपाईद्वारा निर्माण गरिएका लेखहरू साना, असपष्ट, स्रोतहीन, विकीडेटासँग नजोडिएको, अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग तथा मेसिनले अनुवादित रहेको र उक्त पृष्ठहरूमा अर्थपूर्ण सामग्रीका साथै अन्य मापदण्डहरू थपेर त्यसलाई सुधार गर्न''' अनुरोध गरिएकोमा, तपाइले सो कुराको वास्ता नगरी पुन पटक पटक मेसिनद्वारा अनुवादित लेखहरू निर्माण गर्दै जानु भएकोले यथाशिघ्र यस्तो कार्य रोकी त्यस्ता पृष्ठहरू सुधार गर्न तिर लाग्न अनुरोध गर्दछु, अन्यथा विकिपिडिया प्रवन्धकले तपाईलाई सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाउन सक्ने कुरा पनि जानकारी गराइन्छ । विकिपिडियामा तपाइले गर्नु भएको राम्रा सम्पादनहरूको लागि धन्यवाद ! - [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] ०६:०९, १५ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ == [[File:Wiki Loves Monuments Nepal Logo.png|विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स|right|75px]] विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=658128 --> ==धन्यवाद== धन्यवाद सर।तर [[ब्लडी म्यारी]] को बारेमा तपाईंलाई थाहा भएका तथ्यहरू थप गरिदिनु होला है सर।(भूपेन ११:०५, २१ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) ==आशा छ== हिमाल जी NTC मा कत्तिको सस्तो पर्छ इन्टरनेट सम्पुर्ण जानकारी दिनुहोला है।Ncell बाट wiki सम्पादन गर्न गर्दा र नेट चलाउदा जोगि नै हुन लागीयो।मैले पनि अब NTC चलाउने सोचमा छु।अनि पढाइ कहाँ सम्म पुर्याउनु भयो।Twitter ma hajur lai flowe gare ko chu.malai pani garnu hola .tesai bata mgs garau la. धन्यवाद। ==आशा छ== हिमाल जी NTC मा कत्तिको सस्तो पर्छ इन्टरनेट सम्पुर्ण जानकारी दिनुहोला है।Ncell बाट wiki सम्पादन गर्न गर्दा र नेट चलाउदा जोगि नै हुन लागीयो।मैले पनि अब NTC चलाउने सोचमा छु।अनि पढाइ कहाँ सम्म पुर्याउनु भयो।Twitter ma hajur lai flowe gare ko chu.malai pani garnu hola .tesai bata mgs garau la. अनि wiki camp 2018 lahan मा जानू हुन्छ कि हुदैन। सम्पूर्णको एक मुस्त जानकारी दिनुहोला है। धन्यवाद। ==उत्तर== मैले NTC number लिएपछि मेरो नम्बर दिउला।तर अहिले यहि wiki को मेरो मेसेज पेजमा मेरा प्रश्नहरूको सम्पुर्ण उत्तरहरू दिनु होस् न।हुदैन। ==एक मुस्कान== {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Smiley.svg|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''तपाइको मेहनत को लागि एक मुस्कान''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नमस्कार {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू! नेपाली विकिमा तपाइले धेरै योगदानहरु दिनुभएको छ यस्को लागि धेरै-धेरै '''धन्यबाद''' । नेपाली विकिमा यस्ता राम्रा कामहरु जारी राख्नु होला,तपाइका हरेक कामहरु विकिका लागि निक्कै जरुरी छन ।धन्यबाद ! (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०३:४९, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) |} ==खेल== अह! हेरेन ==कुरा== अनि हजुरले अहिले विकि के बाट चलाउनु भएको छ।वाइफाई कि डाटाबाट (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०३:५८, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == डाटा == सधै डाटा नेपाल टेलिकमको अहिले दसौं अफर छ ६ रुपैया मा ३६ एमबी ६ बजे देखि ६ बजे सम्म [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:०२, २२ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Minor Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सामान्य बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | तपाईंको योगदानको मूल्यांकन गर्दै सम्मानार्थ यो बार्नस्टार प्रदान गरेको छु । [[User:Devraj poudel|Devraj poudel]] ([[User talk:Devraj poudel|कुरा गर्ने]]) १२:४९, २८ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> == सम्पादक बार्नस्टार == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सम्पादक बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गर्नु भएको अनेक सम्पादन, राम्रो छाटकाँट, अनेक नयाँ लेख लेखन र अनवरत योगदानको सम्मान स्वरूप -[[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४१, १ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == फोटो सम्बन्धि == मदन पुरस्कार पुस्तकालय को फोटोहरू "public domain" मा upload गर्न मिल्छ कि मिल्दैन? [[User:ReddevilsBivek|ReddevilsBivek]] ([[User talk:ReddevilsBivek|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:२७, १३ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:५७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ का सहभागि विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू, २०१८ को संस्करणमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा '''१७० वटा''' पृष्ठहरू तयार भई यो कार्यक्रम सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न भएको छ । यस कार्यक्रममा ४ वटा भन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागि मित्रहरूलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ पोस्टकार्ड पठाउने तथा यस कार्यक्रममा सबैभन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागीलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना राजदूतको रूपमा चयन गरि प्रमाण पत्र समेत प्रदान गर्ने गरिन्छ । तसर्थ कृपया पोस्टकार्ड तथा प्रमाणपत्रहरूको लागी '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform यहाँ]''' आफ्नो जानकारी मिति १० जनवरी २०१९ सम्ममा राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समुहको तर्फवाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:४३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=694091 --> [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:१२, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> ==राम्रो== मेरो हिजोको योजना थियो २०१५ राष्ट्रिय लिगमा तथ्य थप गर्ने तर २०१७ धनगढी लिग थप गरे । अब २/३ मा नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग र सबै संस्करणहरू सकेसम्मको तथ्यपुर्ण हुनेछ । ([[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg|25px]] {{country data NEP|flagicon/core|variant=|size=}} [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ I 💘 NEPAL'']] [[चित्र:User Bhupendra Shrestha.jpg|25px]] १६:५३, १३ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == विकी कार्यशाला-नेपाल २०१८ प्रतिवेदन == नमस्ते ! प्रतिवेदनको लिङ्कहरू यस प्रकार छन् : * [[:meta:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/पर्वत सुबेदी|Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/पर्वत सुबेदी]] * [[:meta:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/हिमाल सुबेदी|Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Participation/हिमाल सुबेदी]] धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:०५, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == नेपालीकरण == यहाँ नेपाली नै छ तर https://meta.m.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikicamp_Nepal_2018/Participation&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile यो लिङ्कमा गई नेपालीमा राख्दिनुपो भनेको त। [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १३:१२, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) * {{Done}} &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:१६, १८ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==सल्लाह== पर्वत [[बिग्रेड ब्वाइज क्लब]] र [[ब्वाइज युनियन क्लब]] के दुई छुट्टाछुट्टै क्लब हो कि एउटै नेपाली फुटबल क्लब हो । ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:१०, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == फरक क्लब == ब्वाइज युनियन क्लब बि डिभिजनको क्लब हो भने ब्रिगेड ब्वाइज ए डिभिजन क्लब हो।[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१४, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==गल्ती== उसो भए २०७५ सालको लिगमा धगल्ती भएछ क्यारे, बिग्रेड को ठाउँमा ब्वाइज क्लब लेखिएछ। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:२३, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == सच्याउने सम्बन्धमा == तत्काल सच्चाउनु पर्ने भयोन्त ह्याँ अब[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:२६, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==हुन्छ== सकेसम्म हुन्छ। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:२८, २० जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:टिप्पणीको लागि अनुरोध/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == यहाँको इमेल ठेगाना सम्बन्धमा == पर्वत सुबेदी जी यहाँको भाषा प्रेम र नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान प्रशंसनीय छ। तपाईँले थुप्रै उत्कृष्ट लेखहरू लेख्नुभएको छ। तर तपाईँको लेखनशैली तथा सम्पादनको तरिकालाई हेर्दा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा प्रतिको घृणा प्रष्ट झल्किन्छ। हो म पनि मान्छु कि कुनै पनि भाषा बोल्दा वा लेख्दा शुद्ध बोल्नु वा लेख्नु पर्छ तर कतिपय यस्ता कुराहरू छन् जहाँ अङ्ग्रेजीको प्रयोगलाई नकार्न सकिन्न। जस्तै: तपाईँले आफ्नो परिचय सँगै दिनुभएको इमेल ठेगाना '''पर्वत सुबेदी @ यानडेक्स डटकम''' देवनागरीमा लेख्न उपयुक्त हुँदैन। किनकि यस ठेगानामा इमेल पठाउँदा तपाईँले कुनै पनि हालतमा इमेल पाउनुहुने छैन्; यो एक अनाधिकृत इमेल ठेगाना हो। तसर्थ यस इमेल ठेगानालाई अङ्ग्रेजी अक्षरहरूमैं लेख्न सही हुन्छ र यही अनुरूप सच्याउन आग्रह गर्छु। यही उदाहरण मार्फत आवश्यक र अपरिहार्य रहेको ठाउँमा अङ्ग्रेजी शब्व वा अक्षरको प्रयोग गर्न मेरो सुझाव छ। धन्यवाद!--[[User:Nirajan pant|Nirajan pant]] ([[User talk:Nirajan pant|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:००, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == [[:चित्र:Sandeep-1024x745.png]] == यस चित्रको प्रतिलिपि अधिकारको बारेमा कुनै जानकारी उपलब्ध छैन। यदि प्रतिलिपि अधिकारको बारेमा चित्रमा कुनै सूचना नदिए यस चित्रलाई तुरुन्त मेटाइनेछ। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> १३:३६, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) ==इमो== पर्वत सर तत्काल अहिले इमोमा आउन सक्नु हुन्छ । धन्यवाद ! ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १६:४४, १५ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:५१, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Rosetta Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''रोजेटा बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | विगत लामो समय देखि अनवरत रुपमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका धेरै लेखहरू अनुवाद गर्दै आउनु भएकोमा तपाईंको कठोर परिश्रमको कदर स्वरुप तपाईंको पृष्ठमा यो अनुवादक बार्नस्टर प्रदान गरिएको छ, स्विकार्नुहोला । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २०:३२, ४ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == जानकारी == तपाईलाई नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अंग्रेजी भाषाको कुनै पनि प्रयोग हुन नहुने लाग्छ भने समुदायमा छलफल गरौ र समुदायको निर्णय अनुसार गरौला । [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:०१, २६ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेको विषयमा == नमस्ते पर्वत ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#नेपाली_स्थान,_व्यक्ति,_संस्था_अादीको_पृष्ठमा_अङ्ग्रेजी_भाषाको_प्रयोग_सम्बन्धमा|नेपाली स्थान, व्यक्ति, संस्था आदीको पृष्ठमा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको प्रयोग सम्बन्धमा]] चौतारीमा छलफल हुँदै गर्दा मैले भर्खरै सृजना गरेको [[भेडे खुर्सानी]] नामक पृष्ठबाट अङ्ग्रेजी शीर्षकमा रहेको '''Bell pepper''' साथै अन्य केही अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दहरू किन हटाउनुभएको हो मैले पटक्कै बुझ्न सकिन? कृप्या यथार्थ र भरपर्दो कारण दिनहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १०:३९, २७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) :पर्वत जी! यस विषयमा चलिरहेको छलफल चौतारीमा नसकिएको कारणले हालको लागि तपाइको सम्पादनलाई फर्काइएको छ । छलफल सकिएपछि यसलाई परिणाम अनुसार परिवर्तन गरिने छ । त्यसैले कृपया यस लेखमा भएको अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दलाई अहिलेको लागि नमेट्न अनुरोध गर्दछु । धन्यवाद ।- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १५:२१, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == अङ्ग्रेजी शब्द मेटाएको विषय == विप्लव ज्यु, नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादक वा पाठक सबैले अङ्ग्रेजी बुझ्छन् र जान्दछन् भन्ने हुँदैन जस्तै मैले सामान्य अङ्ग्रेजी मात्र पढ्न र बुभ्न सक्छु। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अङ्ग्रेजी शब्द राख्ने वा प्रतिलिपी गर्ने हो भने नेपाली विकिपिडियाको अस्तित्व रहदैन। अङ्ग्रेजीले अघिको खुर्सानीको पृष्ठमा नेपाली कहिँकतै प्रयोग भएको छैन तर हामीले भने अन्य कुनै भाषाको प्रयोग गरि नेपाली भाषालाई निकै कमजोर र अन्य भाषालाई महान बनाउँदै आइरहेका छौँ र मेरो एउटा प्रश्न के छ भने किन हामीले अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा नेपाली पृष्ठमा राखेका छौँ? यसको उदेश्य के छ? के अरु भाषाले पनि नेपाली भाषालाई ठाउँ दिएका छन् त? नेपालीमा बन्ने सबै पृष्ठ अङ्ग्रेजीबाट अनुवादीत हुन्छ भन्ने भ्रम पनि हामीमा छ। हामीले अहिले सम्म अङ्ग्रेजी विकिपिडियाले जे गर्यो त्यो गर्दै आएका छौँ। अघिको खुर्सानीको पृष्ठ अङ्ग्रेजीमा बेल पेपर कि के चाहिँ पो हुदो रहेछ तपाईले भनेर थाह पाएँ तपाईले मलाई जसरी अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा मलाई सिकाउँदै हुनुहुन्छ म त्यही हो रोक्न चाहने। हामी भाषाप्रति अलिकति संबेदनसिल हुने भए यो समस्य कहिल्यै पनि आउदैन। [[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:२७, २७ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == जानकारी सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा नयाँ छलफल सुरू गरिएको हुनाले सो छलफलको निर्णय नआउञ्जेलसम्मका लागि तपाईद्वारा यस विकिपिडियामा रहेको [[विकिपिडिया:पञ्च स्तम्भ|पञ्च स्तम्भ]]को पालना गर्नुपर्नेछ साथै विकिपिडिया समुदायमा रहेको नीति विपरित कुनै पनि अनावश्यक काममा तपाईको संलग्नता रहेको पाइएमा तपाईलाई तत्काल विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाइने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:०६, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == शीघ्रातिशीघ्र माफी माग्न आह्वान == '''नमस्ते पर्वतज्यु,''' ''प्रयोगकर्तालाई निषेध गर्ने छलफल''को [[Special:Diff/736286|निष्कर्ष आइसकेको]] छ। कृपया! हजुरलाई अनुरोध गर्दछु [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ गएर]] अनुच्छेदको तल्लो भागमा आफ्नो माफीनामा राख्नुहोला। माफीनामा नआएको खण्डमा हजुरलाई छलफलमा भने बमोजिम कम्तीमा १ महिनासम्मको लागि विकिपिडियाबाट निषेध गरिनेछ र निषेध फुकुवा गर्न निवेदन पनि राख्न पाउनु हुनेछैन। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> ०४:४३, ४ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == छलफल: मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन == नमस्ते, [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (विविध)#मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन|मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कन]]बारे भइरहेको छलफलमा सहभागी भई टिप्पणी राखिदिनु हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:२६, २४ अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=741365 --> == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> गत वर्ष विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा भाग लिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद, र आशा गर्दछु कि तपाईंले यसको आनन्द लिनुभयो । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो, र तपाईंले यसलाई बनाउनु भएको हो । हामी यो नोभेम्बरमा यस कार्यक्रमलाई फेरि आयोजना गर्दैछौं, र तपाईंलाई हामीसँग फेरि सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छौं । यो वर्ष, हाम्रो मापदण्ड उही हो । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३७, ३१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19508878 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2019 == <div style="border:8px orange ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Greetings! Thank you for organizing '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2019''' for your local Wikipedia language. For rules and guidelines, refer to [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Organiser Guidelines|this page]] on Meta. To reach out for support for the contest or ask any query, reach out to us on our [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Contact Us]] page. Our [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|International Team]] will be assisting you through out the contest duration. Thank you for your efforts in making this project successful. Best wishes, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|WAM 2019 International Team]] ::::Stay Updated [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/|50x50px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth|50x50px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19515825 --> == Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest == In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis. Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month international team]]. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१२, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19592097 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? *We have a total of 10,186 articles made during this edition and it's the highest of all time. *Make sure you judge all articles before December 20th, Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Status|this page]]. *There will be two round of address collection scheduled: December 22th and December 27th 2019. *Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) on [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Ambassadors|this page]], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. *In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[user:Ле Лой|Le Loy]] for more information. Best wishes, [[:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:३०, १४ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19638067 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रमुख लेखहरूमा राम्रो कार्यको लागि धन्यवाद। [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १३:१२, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) |} == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == [[ढाँचा:Soccerbase season|ढाँचा आयात संबन्धित]] == कृपया! ढाँचा आयात गर्न [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ आयातको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ]] अनुरोध गर्नु होला। कुनै विकिपिडियाबाट सिधा पेस्ट नगरिदिनुहोला। धन्यवाद! — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] <sup>[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]</sup> १२:०८, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सारांश बारेमा == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, कृपया! पृष्ठको सबै सामाग्रीहरू हटाउदै वा पृष्ठ खाली गरीँदै गर्दा—सारांशमा उपयुक्त कारण राखिदिनु हुन् अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! — [[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">'''तुलसी भगत'''</span>]] <sup>[&nbsp;[[Special:Contribs/Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">योगदान</span>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<span style="color:black">वार्ता</span>]]&nbsp;]</sup> १३:०८, २६ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == जोसेफ स्टालिन: खण्ड एक सामान्य परिवारका थिए स्टालिन सम्बन्धमा == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]]ले यस लेखको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/जोसेफ_स्टालिन#एक_सामान्य_परिवारका_थिए_स्टालिन|एक सामान्य परिवारका थिए स्टालिन] खण्डलाई <b>प्रतिलिपि साभार</b>को आरोप लगाउनु भएको छ। यसको थप प्रमाण सहित पुष्टी गर्नु भए थप स्पष्ट हुने थियो। यस पृष्ठको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=history|इतिहास] हेर्दा सो खण्ड २२:४१, १२ फेब्रुअरी २०१८‎ मा [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bishaldev100|Bishaldev]] बाट थप गरिएको थाहा हुन्छ। भने लोकपाटि डट कममा [https://lokpati.com/2018/24/4198|को हुन् स्टालिन ? यस्तो छ स्टालिनको अर्थ (रोचक जीवनी)]मा Oct 24, 2018 साभार भएको छ। त्यस्तै शिलापत्र डट कम मा [https://shilapatra.com/detail/17096|जोसेफ स्टालिन : हिरो पनि भिलेन पनि !]मा सोमबार, पुस ७, २०७६, ११:३३:०० प्रकाशित भएको थियो। त्यसकारण यसलाई थप स्पष्ट बनाउन आग्रह गर्न चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद । [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Bishaldev100|Bishaldev]] Bishaldev १०:१९, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सम्पादन रद्द गरिएको == [[डिजिटल हिमालय]] र [[हिमालय टेलिभिजन]] छुट्टाछुट्टै विषयवस्तु भएकोले तपाईद्वारा [[डिजिटल हिमालय]]लाई [[हिमालय टेलिभिजन]]मा निर्देशित गरिएको [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=डिजिटल_हिमालय&curid=99915&diff=811712&oldid=677858 सम्पादन] रद्द गरिएको छ। पुनर्निर्देशित गर्दा ध्यान पुर्याउन हुन अनुरोध छ।--[[User:Nirajan pant|Nirajan pant]] ([[User talk:Nirajan pant|कुरा गर्ने]]) २१:५४, २५ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==पृष्ठ सार्ने बारे== पर्वत सुबेदी ज्यू। अरूले बनाएको पृष्ठ, उक्त पृष्ठको वार्तालापमा छलफल नगरी नसार्नु होला। -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> २०:०७, ३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सार्ने सम्बन्धमा सल्लाह सुझाव == नमस्ते {{U|पर्वत सुबेदी}} ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगत २ वर्षदेखि निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनुभएकोमा धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। यहाँले नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[वि:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]] व्यवस्थापन तथा निर्माणमा देखाउनुभएको उर्जा र गतिशीलता सराहनीय रहेको कारणले नै यहाँलाई समुदायिक छलफलद्वारा ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार दिइएको थियो। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा लेखहरूको शीर्षक कस्तो हुनुपर्छ वा राख्ने सम्बन्धमा नीति नभएकोले समुदायले [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|लेख शीर्षक]] नीतिलाई [[:Special:Diff/808429|बहुमतले पास]] गरि लागू गर्नुका साथै [[वि:स्थानान्तरण|स्थानान्तरण]] सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठ निर्माण नभएसम्मको लागि छलफलको आधारमा मात्र पृष्ठको [[:Special:Diff/814282|शीर्षक परिवर्तन]] गर्नुपर्ने नीति बनाएको यहाँलाई अवगत नै हुनुपर्ने हो। विकिपिडिया जो सुकैले सम्पादन गर्न सक्ने स्वतन्त्र थलो भएतापनि समुदायले लागू गरिसकेको नीति र नियमलाई पालना गर्ने दायित्वपनि हामि सबैको हो। तपाईँ सक्रिय तथा विश्वनीय प्रयोगकर्ता हुनुका साथै यस विकिपिडियामा विशेष अधिकार राख्नुभएको छ जसको प्रयोग सन्तुलित र न्यायोचित हुनुपर्छ। सबै प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको आ-आफ्नो विशेष काम गर्ने शैली र व्यवहार भएतापनि सबैजना समुदायको नीति र नियमको अधीनमा रहेका छन्। अस्ति तपाईँले [[:Special:Diff/810217|यो पृष्ठ]] सारेकोले {{U|Krish Dulal}} ज्यूद्वारा सुझाव सन्देश पाउनुभएको थियो। पृष्ठको शीर्षकलाई परिवर्तन गर्नको लागि वार्तालाप मात्रै विकल्प भएकोले (नीति लागू) तपाईँले अब उपरान्त कुनैपनि पृष्ठलाई बिना छलफल सार्नुभएको लग देखिएमा [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक|प्रबन्धक]]ले यहाँसँग रहेको ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार हटाउने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। ढाँचा तथा मोड्युललाई देवनागरी शीर्षकमा राख्ने वा नराख्ने विषयमा सामुदायिक छलफल हुनुपर्छ गरिनुपर्छ तर समुदायको कुनै ठोस निर्णय नआएसम्म पहिलदेखि चलिआएको विकी परम्परालाई नै प्राथमिकता दिनुपर्ने सर्वमान्य तर्क छ। तपाईँसँग विश्वका विभिन्न भाषाको ज्ञान भएतापनि तपाईँले सोझै बिना कुनै वार्तालाप गरि पृष्ठको शीर्षक सुधार गर्नुभएमा (मुख्यतया पछाडि [[:Special:Log/move/पर्वत_सुबेदी|अनुप्रेषण नराखि]] सार्ने क्रिया गरेको देखिएको छ) त्यो एकल निर्णय सरह देखिन्छ तसर्थ यस विषयमा अबदेखि सजग भएर नीति नियम पुगाएर मात्रै क्रिया गर्न सल्लाह दिन चाहन्छु। विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ताको लागि विकिपिडियाको पृष्ठ जति महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ त्यस पृष्ठको इतिहास त्योभन्दा बढि महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ तसर्थ पृष्ठ सार्नुपूर्व विभिन्न पक्ष औल्याउनुपर्ने हुन्छ। पृष्ठ बनाउनुहोस्, सल्लाह सुझाव लिनुहोस्/दिनुहोस्, सामुदायिक वार्तालापमा सहभागी हुनुहोस् र नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराईलाई बढाउने जुन परिवर्तनकारी सोच/प्रण लिनुभएको छ त्यसलाई पूरा गर्ने दिशामा अगाडि बढ्नुहोस्। यहाँ हुने कुनै पनि सामुदायिक वार्तालापको निर्णय तपाईँले सोचेको समयमा नआउला यसको अर्थ तपाईँले आफ्नो धैर्यता गुमाइदिने कि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिने- अवश्यपनि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिनुपर्छ। हामि सबैले अन्ततः यो विकिपिडियालाई सबै पक्षबाट स्तरीय बनाउने कोसिस गर्दैछौँ यसमा सबैको सहयोगको आवश्यकता छ। अन्त्यमा, हामि सबै यहाँ एउटै सोच लिएर अगाडि बढ्दै यात्रा गरिरहेका छौँ तसर्थ मेरो सल्लाहलाई आत्मसात गर्दै विकिपिडियामा आफ्नो योगदानलाई निरन्तरता दिदैँ अगाडि बढ्नुहुनेछ भनि आशासहित धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:५५, १३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] यस [[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png]] पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र मेटाउन अनुरोध गर्दै एक चिनो राखिएको छ। यो निम्न कारणका लागि गरिएको छ: <blockquote>{{{2}}}</blockquote> [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेटाउने मापदण्ड]] अन्तर्गत, केहि मापदण्ड पूरा गर्ने पृष्ठ कुनै पनि समय मेटिनेछ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:चित्र:हाम्रो पात्रोको प्रतिक.png|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95.png|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-reason-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:४९, १५ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == चेतावनी == नमस्कार, केही दिन अघि मैले तपाईंलाई चेतावनी दिएको थिए कि विकिपिडियामा पहिले नै अवस्थित नयाँ लेख सिर्जना नगर्नुहोस्। तर तपाईंले हिजो उही गल्ती गर्नुभयो जुन विकिपिडियामा अनुमति छैन। तपाईंले लेखको गलत नाम बारेमा पनि छलफल गर्नुभएन र लेखको नयाँ नाम पनि गलत छ र अवस्थित लेख सहि थियो। पृष्ठ सिर्जनाकर्ताको क्रेडिट प्राप्त गर्न कृपया त्यस्ता गतिविधिहरू नगर्नुहोस्। धन्यवाद- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १३:३२, १ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य पृष्ठ सम्पादन == कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार|नामांकन]] नगरी [[ढाँचा:प्रमुख समाचार‎]]मा नयाँ समाचार थप नगर्नुहोस्। तपाइँले टेम्प्लेट सम्पादक अधिकार पाउनु भएको सोच्दै, कृपया मुख्य पृष्ठहरू छलफल नगरी सम्पादन नगर्नुहोस्।- [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:५७, १ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, तथा तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ। तपाईँद्वारा सृजित पृष्ठ, [[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक]], परिक्षण पृष्ठ सरह, [[वि:शीमे#सा२|सा२]] अन्तर्गत चिह्नित गरिएकोले मेटाइयो वा शीघ्र मेटाइनेछ भनि यो सूचित गरिन्छ। तपाईँले गर्न चाहनुहुने कुनै पनि अन्य परीक्षणहरूको लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]को प्रयोग गर्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँ हाम्रो ज्ञानकोशमा योगदान पुर्‍याउने बारेमा बढी जान्न चाहानुहुन्छ भने [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] पृष्ठमा हेर्नुहोस्। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लेखको शीर्षक|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%3A%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96+%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%2F%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%2F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-test-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:३३, २० जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == तपाईँको लेख [[चिली]]== [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र विकिपिडियामा [[Special:Contributions/पर्वत सुबेदी|हजुरको योगदान]]का the page [[:चिली]] लागि धन्यवाद ! तपाईले विकिपिडियामा थप गर्नुभएको पृष्ठ ''नेपाली'' संस्करणमा छ । यो नेपाली भाषाको लेख होइन । यस लेखलाई नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्न हामी तपाईंलाई अनुरोध गर्दछौं । विदेशी भाषाका पृष्ठहरू यहाँ राखिनेछैनन् र यदि तिनीहरू नेपालीमा अनुवाद नगरिए [[वि:शिमे|मेटिनेछन्]] । धन्यवाद ! <!-- Template:uw-notenglish --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १७:१९, १२ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == A barnstar for you! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Special Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''The Special Barnstar''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित विषयहरूको बारेमा यहाँको योगदान स्वरूप-- [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १२:११, २३ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) |} == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन सामुदायिक समिति सिट: प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठक == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन न्यासी समितिले सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी १ देखि मार्च १ सम्म सामुदायिक चयन प्रक्रियाहरूको बारेमा प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठकको आयोजना गरिरहेको छ। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन र विकिमिडिया अभियान विगत १० बर्षमा लगभग पाँच गुणाले वृद्धि भएको छ भने यसको समितिको संरचना र प्रक्रियाहरू मूल रूपमा उस्तै रहिरहेको छ। वर्तमान समितिको संरचनामा हाम्रो क्षमता, प्रदर्शन, र अभियानको विविधता अनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको अभाव एउटा समस्याको रूपमा रहेको छ। प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचनले गर्दा अग्रणी भाषा समुदायका उम्मेदवारहरूको पक्ष लिने गरेको छ र उनीहरूको सीप र अनुभवद्वारा समिति सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा दिन कतिको सान्दर्भिक हुन सक्छ वा समितिको विशिष्ट उत्तरदायित्वहरू निर्वाह गर्ने क्षमतामा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेको छ। तथ्यहरूलाई नियाल्दा वर्तमान प्रक्रियाहरूले उत्तर अमेरिका र पश्चिम युरोपका स्वयंसेवकहरूको पक्ष लिएको छ। वास्तवमा भन्ने हो भने, दक्षिण एसियाबाट अहिलेसम्मको इतिहासमा हेर्दा जम्मा एक जना सदस्यले मात्र समितिमा स्थान बनाउन सकेको छ। आउँदो महिनाहरूमा हामीलाई तीन सामुदायिक सिटहरू नवीकरण गर्नुपर्नेछ र नयाँ सिटमा तीन थप समुदायिक सदस्यहरू नियुक्त गर्नुपर्नेछ। यो प्रतिक्रियात्मक बैठकमा हामीहरू सबै मिलेर हाम्रो अभियानलाई कसरी प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने र अनुभव, सीप, र विश्वासका साथ अन्तरदृष्टिसहित तैयार भएका उम्मेदवारहरू छनौट गर्न प्रारूप रेखा तयार गर्न सक्छौं? यस सम्बन्धमा, प्रस्तावित विचारहरूमाथि छलफल गर्न र हामी हाम्रो विचारहरू साझा गर्न, प्रतिक्रिया दिन र प्रक्रियामा योगदान दिनको लागि सामुदायिक छलफल गर्नु राम्रो हुनेछ। यसै विषयमा छलफल गर्न, हामीले यही मार्च १३ को साँझ ७ बजे देखि ८ बजेसम्म बैठक आयोजित भइरहेको छ। बैठकको कडी निम्नलिखित रहेको छ: https://meet.google.com/ugf-xyyk-ifi नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित भाषाहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेका सम्पूर्ण भाषाका विकिपिडियन र विकिमिडियनलाई यो बैठकमा आफ्नो विचार राख्न स्वागत गरिन्छ। धन्यवाद, [[User:KCVelaga (WMF)]], ११:४२, ७ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21193233 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == राजा - [[रणबहादुर शाह]] को मुख्तियारी सम्बन्धमा == पर्वत जी नमस्ते! [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80&curid=1567&diff=1007220&oldid=1007203 "नेपालका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची"] मा तपाईंले राजा रणबहादुर शाहको मुख्तियारी सुरु भएको मिति "१८६२ फागुन सुदि ८" लाई "१८६२ फागुन ८" मा परिवर्तन गर्नुभएको रहेछ। के तपाईंले यो पात्रो पञ्चाङ्गको हिसाब अनुसार परिवर्तन गर्नु भएको हो? किनभने फागुन सुदि ८ सधैं फागुन ८ नहुन पनि सक्छ। उदाहरणको लागि आजको मिति बि.सं. २०७८ जेष्ठ २ गते यो अनुसार २०७८ वैशाख सुदि ४ हुन आउँछ। यो मिति भनेको चन्द्रमाको पक्ष अनुसारको मिति हो। यस अनुसार शुक्ल पक्षलाई सुदि भनिन्छ भने कृष्ण पक्षलाई वदि भनिन्छ। अर्को कुरा त्यस मितिमा त्यहाँ [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] "नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास" को सन्दर्भ सामग्री उल्लेख गरिएको छ। के तपाईंले त्यस पुस्तक अनुसार मिति नमिलेको भएको परिवर्तन गर्नु भएको हो। उक्त पुस्तकको पृष्ठ २०१ मा वि.सं. १८६२ फागुन सुदि ८ मा रणबहादुर शाह आफ्नै छोरा गीर्वाणयुद्धवीरविक्रम शाहदेवका मुख्तियार भए। भन्ने कुरा उल्लेख गरिएको छ। यदि यो घटना १८६२ फागुन ८ मा भएको भए त्यसलाई प्रमाणित गर्ने सन्दर्भ सामग्री उल्लेख पनि गर्नुहोला। [[user:bishaldev100|Bishal Shrestha]] Bishaldev १९:४५, १६ मे २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto:&#x20;Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == Request == Hello. An IP user has uploaded the article [[अजरबैजानी भाषा]], but some sections remain untranslated. Can you translate them from English into Nepali? Yours sincerely, [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:२१, २ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) {{ping|Multituberculata}} [[अजरबैजानी भाषा]]मा केही सामग्री थप गरेको राखेको छु एकपटक हेरेर प्रतिक्रिया दिनुहोला। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २१:२०, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) :Thank you very much! [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५६, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सारिएको सम्बन्धित == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, पृष्ठ सार्दै गर्दा ध्यान दिनुहोला, पृष्ठमा अरू पृष्ठहरू जोडिएको हुन्छन् अनि लिङ्क रातो हुन् जान्छ, जस्तैः [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/गूगल प्ले]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/खलंगा]], [[:श्रेणी:गूगल]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/गूगल अनुवाद]]...। अधिकारको उपयोग सही तरिकाले गर्नु हुन् यहाँलाई आग्रह गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] २०:४९, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Tulsi|@Tulsi]] एकैपटकमा त्यो रातो कसरी हटाउने हो? [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २०:५६, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::[[विकिपिडिया:बोटहरू|बोट]] खाताको सहयोगले गर्न सकिन्छ तर नेपाली विकिमा बोटको कमी हुनाले त्यो आफैले गर्नुपर्ने वाध्यता भएको छ। त्यसैले ख्याल गरी पृष्ठ सार्नु होला। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] ०९:२४, ६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ हेरिएको तथ्याङ्क == यो हेर्नुहोस् [https://pageviews.wmcloud.org/topviews/?project=ne.wikipedia.org&platform=all-access&date=last-year&excludes=] धन्यवाद--[[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> २२:२१, १२ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> ==[[:वार्तालाप:नेपाल भाषा]]को बारेमा यो बहस हेर्नु होला== [[File:Symbol watching blue lashes high contrast.svg|25px|link=|alt=]]&nbsp;[[:वार्तालाप:नेपाल भाषा]]मा भएको छलफलमा सहभागी हुन निमन्त्रणा छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १८:४०, २५ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय)<!-- [[Template:Please see]] --> == तपाईंको लागि एक कप चिया! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Meissen-teacup pinkrose01.jpg|120px]] |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रबन्धक भएकोमा बधाई छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> २०:०५, २ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) |} == अनुरोध == कृपया मलाई [[विकिपिडिया:समीक्षक|समीक्षक]] र [[विकिपिडिया:ढाँचा सम्पादकहरू|ढाँचा सम्पादक]] अधिकार दिनुहुन्छ। म पुराना ढाँचाहरू अद्यावधिक गर्ने र सम्पादन सूचनाहरू सिर्जना गर्ने काम गरिरहेको छु। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १८:२८, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) {{ping|बडा काजी}}, अधिकारको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:विशेषाधिकार निवेदन]]मा गई र अनुरोध गर्नुहोला। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १८:३२, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == सारिएका पृष्ठहरू सम्बन्धित == नमस्ते पर्वतज्यू, पृष्ठ सार्दै गर्दा ध्यान दिनुहोला, पृष्ठमा अरू पृष्ठहरू जोडिएको हुन्छन् अनि लिङ्क रातो हुन् जान्छ, जस्तैः [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/३ फाल्गुण]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/७ फाल्गुण]], [[विशेष:WhatLinksHere/६ श्रावण]]...। अधिकारको उपयोग गर्दा सबै कुरालाई ध्यानमा राखेर मात्र प्रयोग गर्नु हुन् यहाँलाई आग्रह गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १३:५३, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :{{ping|Tulsi}} यसलाई पछि बोटको प्रयोग गरेर मिलाउँदै लैजाने हो र अनि अर्को कुरा यहाँ मलाई वार्ता लेख्नुको सट्टामा तपाईले पनि मिलाउन सक्नुहुनेछ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] १६:३४, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::पछि गर्ने विचारले गर्दा नै अहिले हजारौं लेखहरू सामग्री नभएको हुनाले मेटाउने अवस्था आएको छ। मलाई फुर्सद छैन अरुको गल्ती सुधार गर्दै बस्नु। सुधार गर्नसक्नु हुन्न भने कृपया पृष्ठ नसार्नु अनुरोध गर्द छु। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] २०:२५, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) #{{ping|Tulsi}} त्यो जोडिएको पृष्ठ महिना भन्ने ढाँचालेे गर्दा जोडिएको देखिएको मात्र हो। महिना सम्बन्धित पृष्ठमा कुनै सामग्री नभएका लेखहरू हुन् यी भनेका यस्ता सबै पृष्ठहरू मेट्ने हो। सम्बन्धित पृष्ठ मेटिए पछि सबै खाली हुनेछ अनि म यो तत्काल सम्पादन गर्दै छु कम्तिमा सुधार हुन केही दिन त दिनुस् ताकी म सुधार गर्न सकूँ सम्बन्धित पृष्ठहरू।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २२:०४, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]]बाट प्रश्न (२१:५८, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२) == नमस्ते ..संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा बढि भिटो प्रयोग गर्ने देश कुन हो? --[[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]] ([[User talk:रमा देवी ढकाल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५८, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) {{Ping|रमा देवी ढकाल}}, सबैभन्दा बढी भिटो अधिकार प्रयोग गर्ने राष्ट्र रुस (१२१ पटक) हो।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] २२:०१, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू == नमस्ते पर्वतजी, पृष्ठहरू मेटाउँदा उपयुक्त [[वि:शीमे]] आधार उल्लेख गरेर पृष्ठहरू मेटाउन् अनुरोध गर्द छु किनभने अरू प्रयोगकर्तालाई बुझ्न सहजहोस् कि यस कारण पृष्ठ मेटाईको छ। धन्यवाद! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] १६:०८, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) :{{Ping|Tulsi}}, शीमे चिन्ह लगाउँदा अनुरोधकर्ताले कारण सहित चिन्ह लगाएको हुन्छ र पृष्ठ पनि सोही कारण अनुसार नै मेटिन्छ। जस्तै सामग्री रहित भनेर शीमे चिन्ह लगाइएको छ भने रित्ता श्रेणी भनेर त पृष्ठ मेटिन्न नि। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|'''<font color="#FF7F00"><b>पर्वत सुबेदी</b></font>''']] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी|(<small>'''कुरा गर्ने'''</small>)]] ०८:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) ::...सोही कारण अनुसार नै मेटिन्छ भने सोही कारण उल्लेख गर्नु नि, "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" किन उल्लेख गर्नु पर्यो। उपयुक्त [[वि:शीमे|शीमे आधार]] उल्लेख गर्दा राम्रो। मेटिएको पृष्ठको इतिहास प्रबन्धकले मात्र देख्न मिल्छ अनि "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" उल्लेख गरेर मेटाउनु भयो भने अरू प्रयोगकर्तालाई के आधारमा मेटिएको हो कसरी थाहा हुन्छ? जे उचित् लाग्छ त्यही गर्नु। तपाईको बुझाईको लागि धन्यवाद। &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi|<span style="color:#000000; font-weight:bold;">तुलसी</span>]]&nbsp;[[User talk:Tulsi|<span style="color:#FF0000; font-weight:bold;">२४*७</span>]] ०८:५९, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:१०, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Help us organize! == Dear Wikimedian, You may already know that the third iteration of [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023|WikiConference India]] is happening in March 2023. We have recently opened [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Scholarships|scholarship applications]] and [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Program_Submissions|session submissions for the program]]. As it is a huge conference, we will definitely need help with organizing. As you have been significantly involved in contributing to Wikimedia projects related to Indic languages, we wanted to reach out to you and see if you are interested in helping us. We have different teams that might interest you, such as communications, scholarships, programs, event management etc. If you are interested, please fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdN7EpOETVPQJ6IG6OX_fTUwilh7MKKVX75DZs6Oj6SgbP9yA/viewform?usp=sf_link this form]. Let us know if you have any questions on the [[:m:Talk: WikiConference_India_2023|event talk page]]. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:०६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24094749 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == टोगग == @[[User:पर्वत सुबेदी|पर्वत सुबेदी]] नमस्ते, तपाईंले यो लेख मेटाउनुभयो किनभने यसमा पर्याप्त जानकारी थिएन। अब यसलाई मस्यौदाको रूपमा सारिएको छ के तपाईं थप जानकारी थपेर यसलाई फेरि लेख बनाउन सक्नुहुन्छ? [[User:ARDITGILA|ARDITGILA]] ([[User talk:ARDITGILA|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०१:०४, ३ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == हिन्दु धर्म == नमस्ते! कृपया [[हिन्दु धर्म]] पृष्ठबाट सम्पादन सुरक्षा हटाउनुहोस्। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १९:१८, ६ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]]बाट प्रश्न (२०:१५, १० डिसेम्बर २०२२) == नमस्ते 🙏 प्रश्न:हाल बृहस्पतिका कति ग्रहहरु छन.? --[[User:रमा देवी ढकाल|रमा देवी ढकाल]] ([[User talk:रमा देवी ढकाल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१५, १० डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023:WCI2023 Open Community call on 18 December 2022 == Dear Wikimedian, As you may know, we are hosting regular calls with the communities for [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]. This message is for the second Open Community Call which is scheduled on the 18th of December, 2022 (Today) from 7:00 to 8:00 pm to answer any questions, concerns, or clarifications, take inputs from the communities, and give a few updates related to the conference from our end. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call. * [WCI 2023] Open Community Call * Date: 18 December 2022 * Time: 1900-2000 [7 pm to 8 pm] (IST) * Google Link: https://meet.google.com/wpm-ofpx-vei Furthermore, we are pleased to share the telegram group created for the community members who are interested to be a part of WikiConference India 2023 and share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions. Link to join the telegram group: https://t.me/+X9RLByiOxpAyNDZl. Alternatively, you can also leave us a message on the [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|Conference talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:५६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small> On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Organizing team </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24099166 --> == Hello == I have been translated a page to Nepalese but you have deleted it some minutes ago, Please tell me how is it possible that the topic be here? I need your guide thanks! [[User:Jjff1|Jjff1]] ([[User talk:Jjff1|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४२, २९ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == समीक्षक == कृपया, मेरो समीक्षक अधिकारलाई हटाएर [[विकिपिडिया:गस्तीगर्ने प्रयोगकर्ता|गस्तीगर्ने प्रयोगकर्ता]]सँग बदल्दिनु न। धन्यवाद [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बडा काजी|<span style="color:#008080">'''बडा काजी'''</span>]] <sup>([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:बडा काजी|'''कुरा गर्नुहोस्''']])</sup> १९:४८, ८ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) ==चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg मा फाइल स्रोतको समस्या== [[File:Copyright-problem.svg|64px|left|alt=|link=]] '''[[:चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg]]''' अपलोड गर्नु भएकोमा धन्यवाद । यध्यपि, अहिले यसमा '''प्रतिलिपि अधिकार''' र '''इजाजतपत्र''' जानकारी हराइरहेको छ । विकिपिडियाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रतिलिपि अधिकार|प्रतिलिपि अधिकार]]लाई धेरै गम्भीर रूपमा लिन्छ । स्वीकार्य इजाजतपत्र र एक प्रमाणित स्रोतको उल्लेख नभएमा यो चाँडै मेटाइनेछ । कृपया, [[:चित्र:Mohammad Ali of Bogra.jpg|फाइल विवरण पृष्ठ]] सम्पादन गरेर यो जानकारी थप गर्नुहोस् । विकिपिडियामा तपाईले कस्ता तस्वीर अपलोड गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सक्नुहुन्न, कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:चित्र प्रयोग नीति#तस्बिर अपलोड|चित्र प्रयोग नीति]]को अध्यान गर्नुहोला । यदि फाइल पहिले नै मेटिएको रहेछ भने, [[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नमेटाउनको लागी अनुरोध]] गरि, समस्या समाधानका लागी एक मौका सोध्न सक्नुहुन्छ ।<!-- Template:You can request undeletion --> तपाईंले अपलोड गर्नुभएका अन्य फाईलहरू उचित नीति अनुरूप ट्याग गरिए-नगरिएको [{{fullurl:Special:Log|type=upload&user=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80}} यहाँ] निश्चित गर्नुहोस् । तपाईंको सहयोगको लागि पुनः धन्यवाद । <!-- Template:Di-no license-notice --> [[User:Fade258|Fade258]] ([[User talk:Fade258|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:१८, २३ फेब्रुअरी २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Vrm Maithili|Vrm Maithili]]बाट प्रश्न (२०:५१, २२ मार्च २०२३) == नमस्कार --[[User:Vrm Maithili|Vrm Maithili]] ([[User talk:Vrm Maithili|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५१, २२ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]बाट प्रश्न (१४:१६, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == मैले नेपाल मा नाया राजनीतिक दल खोल्न गइरहेको छु त्यास कारण मैले तपाईं लाई सल्लाहकार राखेको छु । म बाट कुनै गल्ती भयो भने तपाई मलाई जानकारी गराउन सक्नुपर्छ । --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:१६, १८ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]बाट प्रश्न (०९:१७, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == यो देशमा भ्राष्ट्राचार वेथिति अन्त कहिले हुनेछन् ?? --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:१७, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == [[प्रयोगकर्ता:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]मा [[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]]को प्रश्न (१८:११, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३) == नमस्कार सर । तपाईं मलाइ सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ भने 9845233497 मा फोन गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । --[[User:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल]] ([[User talk:शलहेश फुलवारी राजनीतिक दल|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:११, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == [[गण्डकी प्रदेश]]मा [[User:विमल पाण्डेय|विमल पाण्डेय]]को प्रश्न (०९:२९, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२४) == जनसंख्या 2466427 --[[User:विमल पाण्डेय|विमल पाण्डेय]] ([[User talk:विमल पाण्डेय|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:२९, १ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == तपाईको लागी एउटा सम्मान == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''निरन्तर गतिशील बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | निरन्तर लगातार नेपाली विकिपीडियामा मिहिनेतका साथ सम्पादन गरिरहुनुभएकोले तपाईलाई यो स्टार... <span style="color:green;"><sup>:) </sup></span>'''[[user:Learnerktm|लर्नर]]'''<span style="color:red;"><sup>ktm</sup></span> १९:४१, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) |} == [[User:Hemant Ratna|Hemant Ratna]]बाट प्रश्न (१३:१८, १५ अप्रिल २०२४) == पर्वत सर नमस्ते । हजुरले 'डायमण्ड जोशी' पृष्ठमा सन्दर्भ अनुसार कसरी सार्वजनिक रूपमा विश्वमै देखाउने भन्ने विषयमा सल्लाह दिएर कृतार्थ गरिदिनुहुन विनम्र अनुरोध गर्दछु । डायमण्डका लागि प्रशस्त सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू छन् । तपाईँले सुझाव र ज्ञान दिएर मार्गप्रशस्त गरिदिनुहुनेछ भन्ने आशा राखेको छु । --[[User:Hemant Ratna|Hemant Ratna]] ([[User talk:Hemant Ratna|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१९, १५ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == प्रमुख_समाचार/उम्मेदवार:२०२४ को अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपतीय निर्वाचन == नमस्कार, [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख_समाचार/उम्मेदवार#सन्_२०२४_को_अमेरिकी_राष्ट्रपतीय_निर्वाचन यस समाचारमा] हजुरको टिप्पणी राख्नुहोला।[[प्रयोगकर्ता:bishaldev100|बिशाल श्रेष्ठ]] <sup> Bishaldev १९:५०, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]]बाट प्रश्न (१०:४६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४) == hello, how can I possibly create my page? --[[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]] ([[User talk:Ekata123|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:४६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, पर्वत सुबेदी. Can you translate and upload the article about the prominent Turkish economist [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Kindest regards, [[User:Moroike|Moroike]] ([[User talk:Moroike|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:१७, २० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == [[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]]बाट प्रश्न (११:१२, २६ डिसेम्बर २०२४) == Hello how to create page? --[[User:Ekata123|Ekata123]] ([[User talk:Ekata123|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:१२, २६ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर == " भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर " यो पेज किन हटाईयो ? [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:५४, २२ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :? [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:२९, २९ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == भेडिचौर, भेडिचौर क्रिकेट ग्राउन्ड == " भेडिचौर शिवालय मन्दिर " हटाएको हुनाले मैले " भेडिचौर " को बारेमा लेख्ने प्रकृया पनि हरायो । अझ भेडिचौर मा रहेको " भेडिचौर क्रिकेट ग्राउन्ड " को बारेमा पनि लेख तयार गरेको थिए । तपाईंले किन हटाउनु भयो । [[User:Bbmr|Bbmr]] ([[User talk:Bbmr|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:५७, २२ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == पहिलेको खप्तड गाविसको बारेमा == सर विकिपीडियामा अङ्ग्रेजीमा रहेको खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्जको‌ लेख खासमा पहिलेको खप्तड गाविसको लेख हुनु पर्ने थियो तर त्यो‌ लेख राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज को बारेमा भएछ।मैले त्यो सच्याए तर डिस्प्ले नाम अझै खप्तड राष्ट्रिय निकुञ्ज रहेकाले यसलाइ खप्तड मात्र‌ बनाइदिन आग्रह का साथै अनुरोध गर्दछु। [[User:दिलिप कडायत|दिलिप कडायत]] ([[User talk:दिलिप कडायत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३२, २२ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == नेपाल == [[hi:नेपाल के राष्ट्रपतियों की सूची]] [[hi:नेपाल के उपराष्ट्रपतियों की सूची]] तपाईंले पहिले प्रवेश गर्नुपर्छ। तपाईंको आईपी ठेगानाको सट्टा तपाईंको नाम नेपाल. [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0|2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40D4:3104:6441:8000:0:0:0|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:१६, २१ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) : == Nepal == :[[:en:List of presidents of Nepal]] :[[:en:List of Vice Presidents of Nepal]]<nowiki> ~~~</nowiki> [[Special:Contributions/2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0|2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0]] ([[User talk:2409:40D4:11FE:13D8:8000:0:0:0|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १४:३७, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1300023 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == बिना छलफल र कारण धेरै पृष्ठ मेटाइएको सम्बन्धमा == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी, हाल तपाईंले धेरै पृष्ठहरू बिना कुनै स्पष्ट कारण वा छलफल मेटाउनु भएको देखिएको छ। साथै, तपाईंले "[[जीवन शाही]]" र "[[युवराज सफल]]" जस्ता पृष्ठहरू पनि छलफल अवधि पूरा नहुँदै मेटाउनुभएको छ। अझ गम्भीर कुरा, तपाईंले ती पृष्ठहरूसँग सम्बन्धित छलफल पृष्ठहरू — "[[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/जीवन शाही]]" र "[[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/युवराज सफल]]" — समेत मेटाउनुभएको छ। कहिलेकाहीँ तपाईंले "शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू" भनेर कारण उल्लेख गर्नुभएको पाइन्छ, तर यस्तो कारण अस्पष्ट हुन्छ र समुदायका लागि बुझ्न कठिन हुन्छ। यस्ता कार्यहरूले योगदानकर्ताहरूले गरेका सम्पादन र छलफलहरू नष्ट गर्छन्, जसले उनीहरूको मेहनतलाई वर्जित बनाउँछ र प्रबन्धकको जिम्मेवारी तथा पारदर्शितामा प्रश्न उठाउँछ। विकिपिडियामा प्रबन्धकीय अधिकार समुदायको सहमति र स्पष्ट कारणका आधारमा प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ। कृपया यस्तो कार्यको कारण स्पष्ट गर्नुहोस् र भविष्यमा पृष्ठ मेटाउँदा अघि छलफल वा कारण उल्लेख गर्नुहोस्। यदि यस्तो व्यवहार निरन्तर दोहोरिन्छ भने, म यो विषय [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा औपचारिक रूपमा उठाउनेछु। धन्यवाद। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०१:५८, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :मेटाइएका पृष्ठ सामग्री अनुवाद गरेर जस्ताको त्यस्तै राखिएको थियो भने तिनिहरूको नाम पनि अनुवाद नै गरेर राखिएको थियो। जस्तै (थुप्रिएको लाहाँचे) यस्ता शीर्षकहरू थिए। अनि तपाईले भनेका युवराज सफल मैले मेटाएको होइन तपाई झुक्किनु भयो अनि जीवन शाही शीमे चिन्हित थियोे। शीमेको अर्थ तत्कालै मेट्नु हो। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:५७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::धन्यवाद जवाफका लागि। मेटाउने विषयमा होइन, तर बिना छलफल वा स्पष्ट कारण पृष्ठहरू मेटाइएकोबारे कुरा गरिएको हो। “शीमे चिन्हित” भनेर उल्लेख गरिएका केही पृष्ठहरू वास्तवमा छलफलको क्रममा थिए। साथै, कृपया मेटाउँदा खाली कारण नछोड्नुहोस् वा “शीमे चिन्हित पृष्ठहरू” मात्रै भनेर उल्लेख नगर्नुहोस्, किनभने यस्तो कारण धेरै अस्पष्ट हुन्छ र समुदायका सदस्यहरूले बुझ्न गाह्रो पर्छ। भविष्यमा मेटाउने कारण स्पष्ट रूपमा लेखिदिनुहोस् ताकि पारदर्शिता रहोस् र सबैले बुझ्न सजिलो होस्। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:१७, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :::हस् हुन्छ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०७:३५, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ किन मेटियो? == पर्वत सुवेदीजी! मैले निर्माण गरेको पत्रकार तथा फोटोपत्रकार टुबल सापकोटासम्बन्धी पेज किन हटाउनु भयो? त्यसमा यथेष्ठ प्रमाण र स्रोतहरू उल्लेख छन्। [[User:Sangam2031|Sangam2031]] ([[User talk:Sangam2031|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:३२, १३ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == गम्भीर चेतावनी: प्रबन्धक अधिकारको दुरुपयोग सम्बन्धमा == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी, तपाईंलाई पहिल्यै पृष्ठहरू बिना छलफल वा स्पष्ट कारण मेटाउने सम्बन्धमा चेतावनी दिइएको थियो, तर हालसालै केही चलिरहेको मेपले छलफल पृष्ठहरू — जस्तै [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/सुर्यप्रसाद दुवे]], विमला अर्याल, काशिटार, र एचबि ताम्राकार — र तिनसँग सम्बन्धित मुख्य लेखहरू पनि छलफलको परिणाम नआउँदै मेटिएको देखियो, साथै पुरानो मेपले पृष्ठ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू/प्रकाश न्यौपाने]] पनि मेटिएको छ। यी पृष्ठहरू केवल सामान्य लेख वा उपपृष्ठ होइनन्; यी चलिरहेको वा ऐतिहासिक समुदाय छलफलका पृष्ठहरू हुन्, जसको उद्देश्य पृष्ठ मेट्ने वा राख्ने निर्णयमा पारदर्शिता कायम राख्नु हो। तपाईंले यी पृष्ठहरू र लेखहरू मेट्नु प्रबन्धक अधिकारको स्पष्ट दुरुपयोग हो, जसले विकिपिडियाको नियम, पारदर्शिता र समुदायको विश्वासलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्छ। यदि यस्तो कार्य निरन्तर दोहोरिए, समुदायले तपाईंको प्रबन्धक अधिकारको समीक्षा गर्न सक्नेछ र तपाईं आफ्नो प्रबन्धक अधिकार गुमाउन सक्नुहुन्छ। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:१८, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :छलफल समाप्त भएकाहरूलाई मेटाउन मिल्दैन र? [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:५९, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::शीमे नीति अन्तर्गत छलफल समाप्त भएपछि मेट्न नमिल्ने व्यवस्था छ कि छैन। मैले भेटिन त्यहाँ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:०३, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :::तपाईंले शीमे नीतिसँग सम्बन्धित कुरा गर्नुभएको देखियो, तर यो यहाँ लागू हुँदैन। शीमे नीति केवल स्प्याम, टेस्ट पृष्ठ वा स्पष्ट रूपमा मेट्न मिल्ने पृष्ठहरूका लागि हो। यी पृष्ठहरू भने पुराना वा हालसालैको AfD/समुदाय छलफल पृष्ठहरू हुन्, जसको उद्देश्य निर्णय र छलफलको पारदर्शिता कायम राख्नु हो। त्यसैले, यी पृष्ठहरू मेट्न हुँदैन। :::धन्यवाद। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२१, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::::हामी लेखहरू मेट्छौं, छलफल पृष्ठहरू होइन। AfD वा अन्य समुदाय छलफल पृष्ठहरू सधैं राखिन्छन्, पारदर्शिता र अभिलेखको लागि। [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२३, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) ::::फेरि त्यही शीर्षक राखेको पृष्ठ बन्ने जोखिमलाई मध्यजनर गर्दै छलफल भई मेटिएका पृष्ठहरूलाई छुट्टै अभिलेख बनाएर राखौँ। [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:२७, ४ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == [[User:HumanShiva|HumanShiva]]बाट प्रश्न (०४:४१, ७ अप्रिल २०२६) == कसो कसो गर्नुपर्छ ? --[[User:HumanShiva|HumanShiva]] ([[User talk:HumanShiva|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०४:४१, ७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) on ००:१५, १२ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ०१:५१, २९ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:पर्वत सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == ज्याबल नामको पृष्ठ मेटाउनुको कारण == नमस्कार पर्वत सुवेदी ज्यु, मैले “ज्याबल” सम्बन्धी पृष्ठ बनाएको थिएँ। पछि हेर्दा अर्को पृष्ठ “सरल यन्त्र” मा सारिएको रहेछ। मेरो विचारमा “ज्याबल” आफैमा एउटा छुट्टै शैक्षिक शब्द भएकाले यसको आफ्नै पृष्ठ हुन सक्ने देखिन्छ। सम्भव भएमा कृपया यसलाई सार्नुको कारण स्पष्ट गरिदिनु मेरो अनुरोध छ। यिनीहरूको अङ्ग्रेजी शब्दहरू पनि भिन्न छन्, “ज्याबल” भनेको "Tool" र “सरल यन्त्र” भनेको "Simple machine"। धन्यवाद। [[User:Srsh101|Srsh101]] ([[User talk:Srsh101|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४५, २६ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:३९, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> == Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages. Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link''' - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here] ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement. —''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:१०, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649454 --> kbdv94pcb0sjsz37eyb1sooonrhzpt5 3 95473 1358113 1358005 2026-06-07T14:17:05Z A826 60418 Bot: Added missing </div> tag to close outer div in WAM 2025 Barnstar message 1358113 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Namaste.gif|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb|सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्।]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू''' समस्त [[विकिपिडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईँलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपिडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष|विश्वकोश]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू सङ्ग्रहित हुन्छन्। *हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईँ हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी बनाऔँ। *विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईँ पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा पहिले देखि नै भएका लेखमा सामग्री थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपिडियामा तपाईँद्वारा सृजना गरिएका कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबैभन्दा पहिले दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईँको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपिडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकीको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपिडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *परीक्षणको लागि [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/प्रयोगस्थल|action=edit&preload=Template:User_Sandbox/preload}} आफ्नो प्रयोगस्थल] पृष्ठमा अभ्यास गर्नुहोस। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईँले एउटा विकिपिडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईँको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठको लिङ्क र मिति थपिने छ। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रबन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> |} - --[[Image:Smiley.svg|15px]][[User:Ram Prasad Joshee|'''<font color="#FF4500">आर॰पी॰</font> <font color="#008000">जोशी</font>''']] [[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font color="#2C39BB">वार्ता</font>]] १६:३७, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == गलत सम्पादन == {{ping|Himal33333}} तपाईलाई विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्न स्वागत गरिन्छ । तर तपाईले अंग्रेजी शब्दहरूलाई जस्ताको त्यस्तै गरी नेपालीमा लेखेको पाइयो । नेपाली विकिपीडियामा नेपाली शब्दको प्रयोग गरेर लेख्नु होला अन्यथा प्रवन्धकहरूले तपाईलाई सम्पादन गर्न निषेध गर्न सक्नेछन । - [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] ०४:४२, २९ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == छलफलमा सहभागी हुन अनुरोध! == नमस्ते,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]]मा निम्नलिखित विषयहरूमा भइरहेको छलफलमा कृपया आफ्नो मत राखिदिनुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।<br> # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|लेख र लिगेसी सम्बन्धी छलफल]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)| प्रमुख लेख सम्बन्धमा]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|सम्भावित अनुलिपि पृष्ठहरू (२)]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|क्याट-अ-लट टुल (ग्याजेट स्क्रिप्ट) असक्षम बनाउने सम्बन्धमा]]<br> धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०४:०५, ३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=651491 --> == विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ == [[File:Wiki Loves Monuments Nepal Logo.png|विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स|right|75px]] विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=658128 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अनवरत रुपमा सम्पादन गर्दै अथक परिश्रमका साथ अनेकौं लेखहरूमा योगदान दिनु भएकोले सो परिश्रमको कदर स्वरुप यहाँको पृष्ठमा यो बार्नस्टार राखिएको छ । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २०:४१, २७ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> ==फोटो== मलाई नक्सा मीलाउन सिकाउन हिमाल। (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०९:३५, १४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> ==हो र??== होर साथी मलाई थाहा नभएर, मैले प्राय अन्य वेबसाइटहरूमा समाचार हेर्दा युईएफए देखेको थिए,त्यसैले मैले मैलेनै बनाएको पृष्ठ स्तरीय बनाउने पहिलो चरणको सम्पादन प्रकृयामा शीर्षक सच्चउदै जाँदा गल्ती भएछ । हुन त म धेरै चोटी (UEFA/युईएफए/युइएफए) लाई लिएर दुविधामा परेको थिए । सुचनाको लागि धन्यवाद अब यस्तो गल्ति हुने छैन । (श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र ०९:५८, २८ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == सम्पादक बार्नस्टार == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सम्पादक बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गर्नु भएको अनेक सम्पादन, राम्रो छाटकाँट, अनेक नयाँ लेख लेखन र अनवरत योगदानको सम्मान स्वरूप -[[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४२, १ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} ==Hello {{ping|हिमाल सुबेदी}}== I think this page will be helpful for you. Use the page [[बङ्गलादेशका जिल्लाहरू]] for the spelling. I tried my best for the Nepali spelling. If you feel any problem, just ask me. --[[User:Anup Sadi|Anup Sadi]] ([[User talk:Anup Sadi|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:५९, ५ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:५७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ का सहभागि विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू, २०१८ को संस्करणमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा '''१७० वटा''' पृष्ठहरू तयार भई यो कार्यक्रम सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न भएको छ । यस कार्यक्रममा ४ वटा भन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागि मित्रहरूलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ पोस्टकार्ड पठाउने तथा यस कार्यक्रममा सबैभन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागीलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना राजदूतको रूपमा चयन गरि प्रमाण पत्र समेत प्रदान गर्ने गरिन्छ । तसर्थ कृपया पोस्टकार्ड तथा प्रमाणपत्रहरूको लागी '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform यहाँ]''' आफ्नो जानकारी मिति १० जनवरी २०१९ सम्ममा राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समुहको तर्फवाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:४३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=694091 --> [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:१२, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == [[वार्तालाप:नेपाल-बेलायत १९२३ को सन्धि]] == [[वार्तालाप:नेपाल-बेलायत १९२३ को सन्धि]] को अनुवाद धारा ४,५ र ६ गर्नु होला Bishaldev १६:४४, ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:टिप्पणीको लागि अनुरोध/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> ==छलफल== आज एउटाको मोबाइल केही समय पाएकाले विकि केही सम्पादन गरेको थिए । त्यसैले हतारमा आज मैले सृजना गरेको [[सिजी मन्दिर]] र [[गौतम बुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशाला]]का बारेमा एक पटक अवलोकन गस्ती गर है । अनि बिग्रेका कुराहरू सच्चाइ देउ । समय तथा साधनको अभावमा राम्रो लेख बन्न नसके जस्तो लागेको छ त्यसैले । ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १०:२६, ३१ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) ==मेरो तर्फबाट एउटा अलङ्कार== {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Peace Barnstar Hires.png|150px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अतुलनीय सम्पादन अलङ्कार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | ---- नमस्कार ! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ज्यू, तपाईंले [[विकिपिडिया|नेपाली विकिपिडीया]] सम्पादनको छोटो समयावधिमा अथक मेहनतका साथ अनेकौं लेखहरूमा अनवरत रुपमा मिहिनेतका साथ उत्कृष्ट योगदान प्रदान गर्नुभएको हुनाले तपाईंको सो मिहिनेतको उच्च कदर स्वरुप तपाईंको पृष्ठमा यो अलङ्कार प्रदान गर्दछु। धन्यवाद। ---- ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १५:४६, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki {{IPNotice|}}- <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> ==स्वागत== लामो समय पछि विकि सम्पादनमा हार्दिक स्वागत सरकार। शुभ-सम्पादन। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:४६, २ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == जानकारी सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा नयाँ छलफल सुरू गरिएको हुनाले सो छलफलको निर्णय नआउञ्जेलसम्मका लागि तपाईद्वारा यस विकिपिडियामा रहेको [[विकिपिडिया:पञ्च स्तम्भ|पञ्च स्तम्भ]]को पालना गर्नुपर्नेछ साथै विकिपिडिया समुदायमा रहेको नीति विपरित कुनै पनि अनावश्यक काममा तपाईको संलग्नता रहेको पाइएमा तपाईलाई तत्काल विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाइने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:०७, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) * मैले यस विषयमा निर्जललाई जानकारी गराइसकेको छु, म यो पञ्च स्तम्भ के हो जान्दिन, मलाई १ महिना प्रतिबन्ध लगाउनुस् या नलगाउनुस् म जान्दिन, मैले आउँदो एसियाली महिनामा २५० बनाउने अठोट लिएको छु यदि मैले त्यती लेख्न सकिन भने भने म झुण्डिएर आत्महत्या गरेर मर्छु, मलाई पहिलोपटक प्रतिबन्ध किन लगाइयो। म चाहान्छु कि सबै प्रबन्धक मित्रहरू पनि मैले जस्तै आउँदो एसियाली महिनामा केही प्रतिबद्धता जयर गरून् न कि हामी जस्तो मोबाइल सम्पादकलाई दुख र सास्ती दिने, म प्रबन्धकहरूको उर्जा हेर्न चाहान्छु न कि चहलपहल म यहाँ भन्दा केही पनि कुरा अगाडि बढाउन चाहान्न, सबै प्रबन्धकहरू आफ्नो उर्जा र नेपाली विकिपिडिया प्रति माया र कयौं लेख लेखेको हेर्न म अातुर छु धन्यवाद-[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:३९, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == शीघ्रातिशीघ्र माफी माग्न आह्वान == '''नमस्ते हिमालज्यु,''' ''प्रयोगकर्तालाई निषेध गर्ने छलफल''को [[Special:Diff/736286|निष्कर्ष आइसकेको]] छ। कृपया! हजुरलाई अनुरोध गर्दछु [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ गएर]] अनुच्छेदको तल्लो भागमा आफ्नो माफीनामा राख्नुहोला। माफीनामा नआएको खण्डमा हजुरलाई छलफलमा भने बमोजिम कम्तीमा १ महिनासम्मको लागि विकिपिडियाबाट निषेध गरिनेछ र निषेध फुकुवा गर्न निवेदन पनि राख्न पाउनु हुनेछैन। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> ०४:४३, ४ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == [[विकिथन-८ सहभागीहरू]] == नमस्ते हिमाल ज्यु, विकिथन-८ को सहभागीहरूको पृष्ठ बनाउदा यो गल्तीले बनेको होला, मैले मेटाउन हेलेको छ। धन्यवाद--[[User:BRPever|<font color="#FF00FF">B</font><font color="#FF7E00">R</font><font color="#00A300">P</font>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १०:५१, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) :र मैले सहभागिता पृष्ठको लिंक छु।--[[User:BRPever|<font color="#FF00FF">B</font><font color="#FF7E00">R</font><font color="#00A300">P</font>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १०:५९, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> गत वर्ष विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा भाग लिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद, र आशा गर्दछु कि तपाईंले यसको आनन्द लिनुभयो । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो, र तपाईंले यसलाई बनाउनु भएको हो । हामी यो नोभेम्बरमा यस कार्यक्रमलाई फेरि आयोजना गर्दैछौं, र तपाईंलाई हामीसँग फेरि सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छौं । यो वर्ष, हाम्रो मापदण्ड उही हो । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३७, ३१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19508878 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2019 == <div style="border:8px orange ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Greetings! Thank you for organizing '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2019''' for your local Wikipedia language. For rules and guidelines, refer to [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Organiser Guidelines|this page]] on Meta. To reach out for support for the contest or ask any query, reach out to us on our [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Contact Us]] page. Our [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|International Team]] will be assisting you through out the contest duration. Thank you for your efforts in making this project successful. Best wishes, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|WAM 2019 International Team]] ::::Stay Updated [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/|50x50px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth|50x50px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19515825 --> ==इमो== अचेल इमोमा अनलाइन आउदैनौ कि क्या हो हिमाल/पर्वत ???? == Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest == In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis. Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month international team]]. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१२, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19592097 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? *We have a total of 10,186 articles made during this edition and it's the highest of all time. *Make sure you judge all articles before December 20th, Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Status|this page]]. *There will be two round of address collection scheduled: December 22th and December 27th 2019. *Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) on [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Ambassadors|this page]], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. *In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[user:Ле Лой|Le Loy]] for more information. Best wishes, [[:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:३०, १४ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19638067 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == तपाईको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रमुख लेखहरूमा राम्रो कार्यको लागि धन्यवाद। [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १३:१४, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) |} == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:BoNM - Bangladesh Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''বাংলাদেশ বার্নস্টার''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |প্রিয় হিমাল ভাই,<br /> নেপালী উইকিপিডিয়ায় বাংলাদেশ সংক্রান্ত নিবন্ধগুলো তৈরি করায় আপনাকে অসংখ্য ধন্যবাদ। আশা করি, এটা অব্যাহত রাখবেন।<br /> শুভকামনা রইল!<br /> [[User:Md. Golam Mukit Khan|Md. Golam Mukit Khan]] ([[User talk:Md. Golam Mukit Khan|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:३७, ६ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) |} == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == June 2020 == [[File:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px|alt=Stop icon]] यो तपाईँको लागि '''अन्तिम चेतावनी''' हो। यसपछि तपाईँद्वारा [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|पछाडि अनुप्रेषण नराखि पृष्ठ सारिएको]], कार्य भएमा , जस्तै तपाईँले यस [[:Module:Date]] पृष्ठमा गर्नुभएको छ। तपाईँलाई बिना कुनै सूचना '''[[विकिपिडिया:निषेध नीति|सम्पादन गर्नबाट अवरोधित]] गर्न सकिनेछ'''। '''तपाईँद्वारा गरिएको यस स्थानान्तरणले [https://tools.wmflabs.org/templatecount/index.php?lang=ne&namespace=828&name=Date#bottom २६१८ पृष्ठ]लाई असर पुगेको छ।'''<!-- Template:uw-move4 --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १४:३२, ११ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) * मैले बनाउँदै गरेको पृष्ठमा यस ढाँचा प्रयोगमा आउने भएकाले मैले नाम फेरेको हो।वास्तवमा भन्नु पर्दा यो ढाँचा बनाउनेहरूको गलती, सुरुदेखिनै नेपालीमा भएको भए यसलाई कसलै चलाउँथ्यो र? यसलाई त सुधार गर्न सकिन्छ। बरु यसका लागि एक ढाँचा सुधार थनको आयोजना गरि अगाडि बढ्न सकिन्छ। यस पृष्ठलाई सार्दा अरु पृष्ठलाई असर गर्छ भन्ने कुरा मलाई थाहा थियो तर पृष्ठ सार्ने बेला पछाडि एक अनुप्रेषण राख्ने भन्ने बाकसमा कालो रङ्ग देखियो र थिच्दा खेरी थिचिएको पनि थिएन। मलाई पनि थाहा थिइनकी अनुप्रेषण हट्छ भनेर तर दुर्घटनाबस अनुप्रेषण हट्यो। मैले फेरी ढाँचा डेटमा सार्न खोजेको थिएँ तर फेरी पनि अनुप्रेषण राख्ने भन्ने बाकस थिचिएन यही समस्याले गर्दा पृष्ठबाट अनुप्रेषण हटेको हो तर यस्तो समस्या कसरी आयो भन्ने कुरा मलाई थाहा छैन-[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १५:५८, ११ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सार्ने सम्बन्धमा सल्लाह सुझाव == नमस्ते {{U|हिमाल सुबेदी}} ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगत २ वर्षदेखि निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनुभएकोमा धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। यहाँले नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[वि:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]] व्यवस्थापन तथा निर्माणमा देखाउनुभएको उर्जा र गतिशीलता सराहनीय रहेको कारणले नै यहाँलाई समुदायिक छलफलद्वारा ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार दिइएको थियो। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा लेखहरूको शीर्षक कस्तो हुनुपर्छ वा राख्ने सम्बन्धमा नीति नभएकोले समुदायले [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|लेख शीर्षक]] नीतिलाई [[:Special:Diff/808429|बहुमतले पास]] गरि लागू गर्नुका साथै [[वि:स्थानान्तरण|स्थानान्तरण]] सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठ निर्माण नभएसम्मको लागि छलफलको आधारमा मात्र पृष्ठको [[:Special:Diff/814282|शीर्षक परिवर्तन]] गर्नुपर्ने नीति बनाएको यहाँलाई अवगत नै हुनुपर्ने हो। विकिपिडिया जो सुकैले सम्पादन गर्न सक्ने स्वतन्त्र थलो भएतापनि समुदायले लागू गरिसकेको नीति र नियमलाई पालना गर्ने दायित्वपनि हामि सबैको हो। तपाईँ सक्रिय तथा विश्वनीय प्रयोगकर्ता हुनुका साथै यस विकिपिडियामा विशेष अधिकार राख्नुभएको छ जसको प्रयोग सन्तुलित र न्यायोचित हुनुपर्छ। सबै प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको आ-आफ्नो विशेष काम गर्ने शैली र व्यवहार भएतापनि सबैजना समुदायको नीति र नियमको अधीनमा रहेका छन्। अस्ति तपाईँको पृष्ठ [[:Special:Diff/822089|सार्ने क्रिया]]ले २६०० भन्दा बढी पृष्ठलाई असर पुगेको थियो जसपछि मैले यहाँलाई चेतावनी सन्देश पठाएको थिए। पृष्ठको शीर्षकलाई परिवर्तन गर्नको लागि वार्तालाप मात्रै विकल्प भएकोले (नीति लागू) तपाईँले अब उपरान्त कुनैपनि पृष्ठलाई बिना छलफल सार्नुभएको लग देखिएमा [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक|प्रबन्धक]]ले यहाँसँग रहेको ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार हटाउने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। ढाँचा तथा मोड्युललाई देवनागरी शीर्षकमा राख्ने वा नराख्ने विषयमा सामुदायिक छलफल हुनुपर्छ गरिनुपर्छ तर समुदायको कुनै ठोस निर्णय नआएसम्म पहिलदेखि चलिआएको विकी परम्परालाई नै प्राथमिकता दिनुपर्ने सर्वमान्य तर्क छ। तपाईँसँग विश्वका विभिन्न भाषाको ज्ञान भएतापनि तपाईँले सोझै बिना कुनै वार्तालाप गरि पृष्ठको शीर्षक सुधार गर्नुभएमा (मुख्यतया पछाडि [[:Special:Log/move/हिमाल_सुबेदी|अनुप्रेषण नराखि]] सार्ने क्रिया गरेको देखिएको छ) त्यो एकल निर्णय सरह देखिन्छ तसर्थ यस विषयमा अबदेखि सजग भएर नीति नियम पुगाएर क्रिया गर्न सल्लाह दिन चाहन्छु। [[वार्तालाप:बङ्गलादेश|यस वार्तालाप]]को निर्णय नआएतापनि तपाईँले अनुरोध गरेको शीर्षककै नाममा विभिन्न नयाँ पृष्ठ निर्माण गर्नुभएको छ, वार्तालाप हुँदैगर्दा तपाईँ त्यसको निर्णय नआउनञ्जेलसम्म पर्खनुपर्ने थियो जुन हुनसकेन, गर्नुभएन। विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ताको लागि विकिपिडियाको पृष्ठ जति महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ त्यस पृष्ठको इतिहास त्योभन्दा बढि महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ तसर्थ पृष्ठ सार्नुपूर्व विभिन्न पक्ष औल्याउनुपर्ने हुन्छ। पृष्ठ बनाउनुहोस्, सल्लाह सुझाव लिनुहोस्/दिनुहोस्, सामुदायिक वार्तालापमा सहभागी हुनुहोस् र नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराईलाई बढाउने जुन परिवर्तनकारी सोच/प्रण लिनुभएको छ त्यसलाई पूरा गर्ने दिशामा अगाडि बढ्नुहोस्। यहाँ हुने कुनै पनि सामुदायिक वार्तालापको निर्णय तपाईँले सोचेको समयमा नआउला यसको अर्थ तपाईँले आफ्नो धैर्यता गुमाइदिने कि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिने- अवश्यपनि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिनुपर्छ। हामि सबैले अन्ततः यो विकिपिडियालाई सबै पक्षबाट स्तरीय बनाउने कोसिस गर्दैछौँ यसमा सबैको सहयोगको आवश्यकता छ। अन्त्यमा, हामि सबै यहाँ एउटै सोच लिएर अगाडि बढ्दै यात्रा गरिरहेका छौँ तसर्थ मेरो सल्लाहलाई आत्मसात गर्दै विकिपिडियामा आफ्नो योगदानलाई निरन्तरता दिदैँ अगाडि बढ्नुहुनेछ भनि आशासहित धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:५४, १३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == सुझाव == नमस्कार हिमाल जी! हालैमात्र तपाईंले विकिपिडियाको नियम विपरीत रहेर काम गर्नुभएको रहेछ। तपाईंले लेखलाई प्रमुख बनाउने क्रममा मैले प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट राखेको हस्ताक्षरलाई मेट्नु भएछ जुन कुनै पनि हालतमा स्वीकार्य छैन। लेखमा एकचोटि समन्वय समितिको सदस्यको हस्ताक्षर भैसकेको पछी कसैले पनि त्यस हस्ताक्षरलाई हटाएर आफ्नो हस्ताक्षर राख्न पाउदैनन्। लेखमा सिफारिस र स्वीकृत मिति एउटै हुनुहुन्न भन्ने कुरा तपाईंले राम्रोसँग जान्नु पर्छ। हस्ताक्षर त हटाउनु भयो तर अर्काको हस्ताक्षर किन त्यहाँ राख्नु भयो भन्ने कुरामा म अचम्मित छु। तपाईंले मेरो हस्ताक्षर हटाएर पर्वत जीको हस्ताक्षर प्रयोग गर्नु भएको छ। यहाँ [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95&curid=113950&diff=842893&oldid=840866 1] र [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD&diff=prev&oldid=842901 2] हेर्नुस्। तपाइँको आफ्नै हस्ताक्षर हुदाहुदै अर्काको किन प्रयोग गरि रहनु भएको छ। तपाईं एउटा कुरा याद राख्नुहोस् कि जसले लेख आवेदन गर्छ त्यसको हस्ताक्षर हुनु पर्नेछ भन्ने कुनै नियममा लेखिएको छैन। कृपया यस गलतीलाई सुधार गर्दै मेरो हस्ताक्षर पुनः राख्नुहोस् र पर्वत जी को हस्ताक्षर हटाएर आफ्नो हस्ताक्षर राख्नुहोस्। भविष्यमा यस्तो गलती नदोहोर्‍याउन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद। - [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:५७, ७ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==नेपाली भाषा== हिमाल भाइ नेपालीमा ओठ-समक्रमण भन्ने शब्द छैन। बनाएको शब्द भन्दा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको लिप-सिन्क नै प्रचलनमा छ। श्रव्य-दृश्यको दुनियामा त्यही भाषा प्रयोग हुन्छ। फेरि गाउँको गोठालोदेखि एक वर्षको बालकले बुझ्ने भिडियो शब्दको नेपाली रूप श्रव्य-दृश्य नभएर भिडियो नै हो। त्यस्तै टिकटकलाई तिकतोक भन्दैनन् भने भने गल्ति हो। के गर्ने लाई क्यार्नी भन्छन् भनेर लेख्ने हो र? -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> ०६:२२, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेखबाट सामग्री हटाएको == हिमाल भाई [[ग्रीस]] लेखबाट तिमीले लेखमा भएको सामग्री हटाई अनुप्रेषण गर्नुको कारण के हो? तिमीले गरको चाहीँ उत्कृष्ट हुने अरुले लेखेको चाहीँ अर्थहिन हुने हो र? पहिला अरूको योगदानको कदर गरौँ। यदी तिमीलाई कुनै लेख गाभ्नु पर्ने लागेमा त्यसको लागि बनेको नियमको पालना गर्दै अनुरोध गर्न सकिने व्यबस्था छैन र? --[[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] १५:५६, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==दूरदर्शनको अर्थ== मेरो नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोशमा यस्तो छ: "ना० १. टाढासम्म दृष्टि पुर्याउने वा त्यहाँका दृश्यहरू अवलोकन गर्ने काम । २.पछिसम्मका कुराको सोचाइ वा सम्झाइ । ३. बिजुलीको यन्त्रद्वारा टाढाको वस्तु, दृश्य, कार्यक्रम आदिलाई प्रदर्शित गर्ने काम ।४. त्यस्तो कार्यक्रमको प्रदर्शन गर्ने यन्त्र; बोल्ने, गाउने व्यक्तिहरूको स्वर सुन्नुका साथसाथै उनीहरूको अनुहार तथा हाउभाउ पनि देखिने रेडियोका ढाँचाको एक वैज्ञानिक उपकरण; टेलिभिजन।" :टेलिभिजन नेपाली शब्द हो। यस्ता शब्दलाई तत्सम शब्द भन्छन्। दूरदर्शन एउटा बहुअर्थ भएको शब्द हो। लेख्य भाषामा बहुअर्थ दिने शब्द लेख्नु ठीक हुन्न। नेपालमा तिमी बाहेक अरू कसले टेलिभिजनलाई दूरदर्शन भन्छन्? -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> २१:२१, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस विमान १३४४ दुर्घटना]]को लागि प्रमुख समाचार मान्यता== {{ivmbox |1=८ अगस्त २०२० मा '''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार|प्रमुख समाचार]]'''लाई अद्यावधिक गरिएको छ जुन लेख '''[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस विमान १३४४ दुर्घटना]]'''बाट लिइएको हो जसलाई तपाईँले बनाउनुभएको वा व्यापक सुधार गर्नुभएको थियो। यदि तपाईँको ध्यानमा प्रमुख समाचारको लागि कुनै उपयुक्त हालसालै सिर्जना गरिएको वा अद्यावधिक गरिएको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/मापदण्ड|लेख]]को बारेमा थाहा छ भने कृपया त्यस लेखलाई [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार]]मा नामाङ्कन गर्नुहोला।--[[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:२२, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) |2=[[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|50px|Current events globe]] |imagesize=50px }} == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Team Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सहकार्य बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | [[रागिनी उपाध्याय‎]] लेखमा यहाँको योगदानको लागि कदर स्वरूप-- [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:०२, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) |} == अन्तिम चेतावनी == हिमाल जी,<br> हिजोदेखि सफाई अभियान थाल्नु भए जस्तो छ। प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन गर्ने सामाग्री, अनावश्यक सामग्री हटाएको लगायत सम्पादन शारांश देखे। केही चित्तबुझ्दो क्रिया देखे भने धेरैजसो एकहोरो सम्पादन क्रिया देखियो। सफाईको नाउँमा अरु प्रयोगकर्ताको लेखन सामग्री हटाइदिने क्रियाकलाप तत्काल बन्द गर्नुहोस्। प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन गर्ने सामग्री भेट्नुभएको खण्डमा त्यसलाई चिनो लगाउनुहोस्। याद राख्नुहोस् अनावश्यक सामग्री हटाएपछि लेख सुधार गर्ने दायित्व तपाईँको हुनेछ। लेख शीर्षक सुधार वार्तालापमा छोटो र मिठो टिप्पणी लेख्नहोस्। आजदेखि लेखबाट चिनो हटाउने काम नगर्नुहोला, सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता भएको कारणले कुनै प्रयोगकर्ताले जिज्ञासा प्रश्न सोधेमा प्रतिक्रिया दिनुहोस्। र अन्त्यमा माथि उल्लेखित कार्य बन्द गरेको पाइएन भने तपाईँलाई निषेध गर्नुबाहेकको कुनै विकल्प नरहेको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १९:०९, २१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य लेख सम्बन्धमा!! == {{Talkback|विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/आम्पान महाचक्रवात}}[[User:Big Hero|Big Hero]] ([[User talk:Big Hero|कुरा गर्ने]]) १२:५५, २२ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सावधान == हिमाल सुबेदी,<br/> कृपया भूगोल तथा उल्लेखनीय विषयहरूसँग सम्बन्धित लेखहरूलाई मेट्न चिनो लगाउने काम तत्काल बन्द गर्नुहोस्। सकिन्छ भने सुधार गरौं सुधार गर्न नसके लेखमा भएको कमजोरी औल्याउनुहोला। विकल्पहरू धेरै छन् हेर्नुहोला। पुन: मैले भन्न नपर्ने गरि यो काम रोक्नुहोला, लेखलाई स्वयं लेखक वा अन्य सम्पादकले सुधार गर्नेछन्। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १४:१०, ३१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:३८, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == शीमे चिनो लगाएको सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते हिमाल,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको विकासमा यहाँको निरन्तर योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। मेरो विचारमा यहाँ जस्तो अनुभवी र जिम्मेवार प्रयोगकर्ताले आज विभिन्न लेखहरूमा शीमे चिनो लगाउने [[विशेष:Contributions/हिमाल_सुबेदी|कार्य]]ले चकित बन्न पुगेको छु। [[विकिपिडिया:शीमे|शीमे]] चिनो लगाउन चाहिने आधार सम्बन्धमा थप अध्ययन गर्नुहोला। हाम्रो विकिपिडियामा विभिन्न मर्मत चिनो उपलब्ध रहेकोले त्यसको उपयोग गर्न सकिन्छ जसले गर्दा लेख निर्माणकर्ताले लेखलाई सुधार गर्ने मौका पाउनेछन्। नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराइ बढाउने नाममा यस्ता गतिविधिलाई तत्काल बन्द गर्नहुन यसै सन्देसमार्फत जानकारी गराउँदै भविष्यमा यस्ता गतिविधि दोहिरिएको खण्डमा ३ महिनाको लागि विकिपिडिया सम्पादनबाट रोक लगाइने जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। आशा छ तपाईँले यो सन्देस गम्भीरतापूर्वक लिनुहुनेछ। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १३:४१, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == [[:नेपाल नाग]] मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कित == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>यो '''[[:नेपाल नाग]]''' लेख यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू|नीति]] अनुसार समावेश गर्न '''उपयुक्त भए/नभएको छलफल''' चलिरहेको छ। लेख उपयुक्त नभएको खण्डमा [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|पृष्ठ मेटाइने]] छ। तपाईँ लगायत जो कोहिलाई पनि यस [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू|नेपाल नाग]] छलफलमा आफ्नो धारणा राख्न स्वागत छ। नामाङ्कन छलफल यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू|नीति र निर्देशन]]को अधीनमा रहेर गर्नुपर्नेछ। तपाईँ यस लेखलाई सुधार सहित सम्पादन गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। तर, लेखको शीर्षपाठमा रहेको '''लेख मेटाउने सूचना''' नहटाउनुहोला।<!-- Template:afd-notice --> [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] १०:४७, २५ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == तपाईँको लेख [[बङ्गलादेशका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची]]== [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र विकिपिडियामा [[Special:Contributions/हिमाल सुबेदी|हजुरको योगदान]]का the page [[:बङ्गलादेशका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची]] लागि धन्यवाद ! तपाईले विकिपिडियामा थप गर्नुभएको पृष्ठ ''नेपाली'' संस्करणमा छ । यो नेपाली भाषाको लेख होइन । यस लेखलाई नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्न हामी तपाईंलाई अनुरोध गर्दछौं । यसलाई [[विकिपिडिया:नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्नु आवश्यक पृष्ठहरू|नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्नु आवश्यक पृष्ठहरू]]मा सूचीबद्ध गरिएको छ र अर्को दुई हप्ता भित्र अनुवाद नगिरएमा लेख मेटिनेछन् । धन्यवाद ! <!-- Template:uw-notenglish --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०७:४९, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन सामुदायिक समिति सिट: प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठक == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन न्यासी समितिले सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी १ देखि मार्च १ सम्म सामुदायिक चयन प्रक्रियाहरूको बारेमा प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठकको आयोजना गरिरहेको छ। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन र विकिमिडिया अभियान विगत १० बर्षमा लगभग पाँच गुणाले वृद्धि भएको छ भने यसको समितिको संरचना र प्रक्रियाहरू मूल रूपमा उस्तै रहिरहेको छ। वर्तमान समितिको संरचनामा हाम्रो क्षमता, प्रदर्शन, र अभियानको विविधता अनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको अभाव एउटा समस्याको रूपमा रहेको छ। प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचनले गर्दा अग्रणी भाषा समुदायका उम्मेदवारहरूको पक्ष लिने गरेको छ र उनीहरूको सीप र अनुभवद्वारा समिति सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा दिन कतिको सान्दर्भिक हुन सक्छ वा समितिको विशिष्ट उत्तरदायित्वहरू निर्वाह गर्ने क्षमतामा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेको छ। तथ्यहरूलाई नियाल्दा वर्तमान प्रक्रियाहरूले उत्तर अमेरिका र पश्चिम युरोपका स्वयंसेवकहरूको पक्ष लिएको छ। वास्तवमा भन्ने हो भने, दक्षिण एसियाबाट अहिलेसम्मको इतिहासमा हेर्दा जम्मा एक जना सदस्यले मात्र समितिमा स्थान बनाउन सकेको छ। आउँदो महिनाहरूमा हामीलाई तीन सामुदायिक सिटहरू नवीकरण गर्नुपर्नेछ र नयाँ सिटमा तीन थप समुदायिक सदस्यहरू नियुक्त गर्नुपर्नेछ। यो प्रतिक्रियात्मक बैठकमा हामीहरू सबै मिलेर हाम्रो अभियानलाई कसरी प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने र अनुभव, सीप, र विश्वासका साथ अन्तरदृष्टिसहित तैयार भएका उम्मेदवारहरू छनौट गर्न प्रारूप रेखा तयार गर्न सक्छौं? यस सम्बन्धमा, प्रस्तावित विचारहरूमाथि छलफल गर्न र हामी हाम्रो विचारहरू साझा गर्न, प्रतिक्रिया दिन र प्रक्रियामा योगदान दिनको लागि सामुदायिक छलफल गर्नु राम्रो हुनेछ। यसै विषयमा छलफल गर्न, हामीले यही मार्च १३ को साँझ ७ बजे देखि ८ बजेसम्म बैठक आयोजित भइरहेको छ। बैठकको कडी निम्नलिखित रहेको छ: https://meet.google.com/ugf-xyyk-ifi नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित भाषाहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेका सम्पूर्ण भाषाका विकिपिडियन र विकिमिडियनलाई यो बैठकमा आफ्नो विचार राख्न स्वागत गरिन्छ। धन्यवाद, [[User:KCVelaga (WMF)]], ११:४२, ७ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21193233 --> ==[[जिएस पौडेल]] [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्तावित]]== [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|left|link=|48px|]] यो [[जिएस पौडेल]] लेख [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्ताव]] गरिएको छ । किनकि यसले कुनै [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] वा सन्दर्भहरू उल्लेख गर्दैन । [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव#आपत्ति|विकिपिडिया नीति]] अनुरूप, '''[[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी|जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी]]'''ले, यदि सात दिन भित्र कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिन्छ । यदि तपाईंले सिर्जना गर्नुभएको पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र हटाउनेको लागि ट्याग गरिएको छ भने, तपाईं त्यो पृष्ठमा सुधार गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सम्बन्धित वार्ता पृष्ठमा तपाईको तर्क बुझाउन सक्नुहुन्छ । सन्दर्भहरू सम्मिलित गर्न मद्दतको लागि, [[विकिपिडिया:नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने|नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने]], हेर्नुहोस् । एक पटक तपाईंले कम्तीमा एक [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] प्रदान गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईँले {{tl|prod blp/dated}} ट्याग हटाउन सक्नुहुनेछ । '''कम्तिमा एक विश्वसनीय स्रोत प्रदान नभएसम्म, कृपया, ट्याग नहटाउनु होला ।''' यदि सात दिन भित्र तपाईँले कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिनेछ । तर तपाइँ एक स्रोत थप्न तयार हुनुहुन्छ भने, {{#ifexist:जिएस पौडेल|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ|[[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]}} ।<!-- Template:ProdwarningBLP --> [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] १०:०७, २६ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto:&#x20;Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == [[खड्का]]मा [[User:Nim Bahadur khadka|Nim Bahadur khadka]]को प्रश्न (२०:५२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२२) == नमस्कार पुवर खड्काहरु प्युठान रोल्पा जिल्लाको केही ठाउँमा ठूलो संख्यामा रहेका छ्न --[[User:Nim Bahadur khadka|Nim Bahadur khadka]] ([[User talk:Nim Bahadur khadka|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> == [[User:रमन वन|रमन वन]]बाट प्रश्न (०९:५१, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२) == यस विकिपिडियामा तस्वीर कसरी राख्ने ? --[[User:रमन वन|रमन वन]] ([[User talk:रमन वन|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:५१, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:१०, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Help us organize! == Dear Wikimedian, You may already know that the third iteration of [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023|WikiConference India]] is happening in March 2023. We have recently opened [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Scholarships|scholarship applications]] and [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Program_Submissions|session submissions for the program]]. As it is a huge conference, we will definitely need help with organizing. As you have been significantly involved in contributing to Wikimedia projects related to Indic languages, we wanted to reach out to you and see if you are interested in helping us. We have different teams that might interest you, such as communications, scholarships, programs, event management etc. If you are interested, please fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdN7EpOETVPQJ6IG6OX_fTUwilh7MKKVX75DZs6Oj6SgbP9yA/viewform?usp=sf_link this form]. Let us know if you have any questions on the [[:m:Talk: WikiConference_India_2023|event talk page]]. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:०६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24094749 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == WikiConference India 2023:WCI2023 Open Community call on 18 December 2022 == Dear Wikimedian, As you may know, we are hosting regular calls with the communities for [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]. This message is for the second Open Community Call which is scheduled on the 18th of December, 2022 (Today) from 7:00 to 8:00 pm to answer any questions, concerns, or clarifications, take inputs from the communities, and give a few updates related to the conference from our end. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call. * [WCI 2023] Open Community Call * Date: 18 December 2022 * Time: 1900-2000 [7 pm to 8 pm] (IST) * Google Link: https://meet.google.com/wpm-ofpx-vei Furthermore, we are pleased to share the telegram group created for the community members who are interested to be a part of WikiConference India 2023 and share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions. Link to join the telegram group: https://t.me/+X9RLByiOxpAyNDZl. Alternatively, you can also leave us a message on the [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|Conference talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:५६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small> On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Organizing team </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24099166 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:२०, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == Translation request == Hello. Can you translate and upload the article [[:en:Laacher See]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:११, १२ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुबेदी. Can you translate and upload the article about the prominent Turkish economist [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Kindest regards, [[User:Moroike|Moroike]] ([[User talk:Moroike|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:०६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == [[User:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]]बाट प्रश्न (१९:०१, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२५) == नमस्कार ! विकिपेडियामा कसरि लेखा लेख्ने होला शुरु गर्ना आइडिया नै आएन --[[User:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]] ([[User talk:Dharbindra BK|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:०१, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :@[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]] लेख्ने हैन नपुगेका ठाउँमा जानकारी थप्न सहयोग गर्ने हो । लेख्ने काम तपाईं हाम्रो हैन हामी सहयोगी हौँ । हतार गर्नुहुँदैन ।। [[User:RJPRASHANT$1|RJPRASHANT$1]] ([[User talk:RJPRASHANT$1|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:२४, ३ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == सम्पादन गर्दिनु होस्। == [[१९०७ एरेना क्रिकेट स्टेडियम]] , नयाँ पृष्ट सृजना भएको छ ! सम्पादन गर्न मद्दत गर्नुहोस् । तथ्यमा आधारित कुराहरू समेटेर लेखेको हो । [[Special:Contributions/103.155.20.211|103.155.20.211]] ([[User talk:103.155.20.211|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:२९, ५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1300023 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == ऑटोपेट्रोलर दायित्व == नमस्ते [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:Log/rights निष्क्रिय हुने] परिभाषा र नियमावली के हुन्? यद्यपि मलाई कुनै आपत्ति छैन, तर तपाईंले त्यो अधिकार हटाउनुभयो त्यसैले जानकारीको लागि मात्रै सोधिरहेको हुँ। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--talk--</small>]]</sup> १५:०९, २६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :सर्वप्रथम, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईको योगदानका लागि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। विकीमा विभिन्न कामहरू गर्नका लागि, प्रयोगकर्ताले गरेको योगदानको गुणस्तर, समुदायको सिफारिस वा मतदानबाट विशेषाधिकारहरू प्रधान गरिने प्रावधान रहेको छ। यस्ता अधिकार प्राप्त प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको योगदान वा सम्पादनलाई पूर्णरूपमा तथ्यपूर्ण र विश्वसनीय मानिन्छ। यसलाई पदको रूपमा नहेरी समुदायको विश्वास र मतदानको आधार दिइने एउटा अधिकार भनेर बुझ्दा राम्रो हुन्छ। विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको अन्य सामान्य प्रयोगकर्ताहरू भन्दा बढी जिम्मेवारीहरू हुन्छन् र निष्क्रिय रहेको खण्डमा प्रबन्धकहरूलाई समेत हटाउन मिल्ने प्रावधान रहेको नेपाली विकिपिडियामा निष्क्रियका आधारमा विशेषाधिकार हटाउनु नौलो कुरो होइन (यद्यपि यो पहिलोपटक नै भएको होला)। विश्वासका आधारमा चुनिएका प्रयोगकर्ताहरू निष्क्रिय रहँदा सम्पूर्ण विकी जगतलाई नै घाटा हो (यद्यपि सम्पादन गर्ने नगर्ने त्यो पूर्णरूपमा व्यक्तिगत कुरा हो)। स्वगस्ती मात्र नभई अन्य अधिकारीका लाागि पनि तपाई योग्य हुन सक्नुहुन्छ यदि तपाई यहाँ आफ्नो राम्रो योगदान दिनुहुन्छ भने। अन्ततः अधिकार बिनानै सबै सम्पादनका कामहरू मजाले गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] १७:३६, २६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == किन मेट्नु पर्ने भयो। अजयमेरु कोट। कारण के भयो == अजयमेरु कोट किन मेट्नु पर्ने कारण भयो सुवेदी सर [[User:Kartikeyapur dynasty|Kartikeyapur dynasty]] ([[User talk:Kartikeyapur dynasty|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:२६, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) :सर्वप्रथम विकिपिडियाको लेखन कसरी गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने कुरामा ध्यान दिनुहोस्। तपाईले सुनौलो नेपाल डटकम (५४.८%) र गोरखा पत्र (२१.९%) अनलाइन नामक दुई वेबसाइटबाट पूर्णरूपमा सामाग्री साभार गर्नुभएको छ। यी लेखहरूलाई सम्बन्धित जिल्लामा कुनै उपशीर्षक बनाइ राख्न सकिन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २०:३९, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == इतिहास गहिरो अध्ययन गरेर कुरा गर्नु पर्ने हुन्छ। नेपाली लेखकले लेखेका केही हावा कुरा का पछि लाग्नु भन्दापनि सत्य इतिहास र जानकारी दिनु हाम्रो कर्तव्य हाे। == अजयमेरुकोटकिनमेट्नुपर्योहिमालसुवेदीसर [[User:Kartikeyapur dynasty|Kartikeyapur dynasty]] ([[User talk:Kartikeyapur dynasty|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५२, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुवेदी. Can you translate and upload the articles about the prominent economists [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] and [[:en:Milton Friedman]] in Nepali Wikipedia? They do not need to be long. Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३४, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == स्वतः स्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार == @[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] के म स्वतः स्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार प्राप्त गर्न सकछु? [[User:सिशिर खत्री|सिशिर खत्री]] ([[User talk:सिशिर खत्री|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:४५, ८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुवेदी. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:३३, १३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) on ००:१५, १२ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ०१:५१, २९ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> qqtwp75gw3xwervnhozfazjapzd43mw 1358288 1358113 2026-06-07T15:54:48Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1358288 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Namaste.gif|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb|सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्।]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू''' समस्त [[विकिपिडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईँलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपिडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष|विश्वकोश]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू सङ्ग्रहित हुन्छन्। *हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईँ हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी बनाऔँ। *विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईँ पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा पहिले देखि नै भएका लेखमा सामग्री थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपिडियामा तपाईँद्वारा सृजना गरिएका कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबैभन्दा पहिले दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईँको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपिडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकीको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपिडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *परीक्षणको लागि [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/प्रयोगस्थल|action=edit&preload=Template:User_Sandbox/preload}} आफ्नो प्रयोगस्थल] पृष्ठमा अभ्यास गर्नुहोस। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईँले एउटा विकिपिडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईँको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठको लिङ्क र मिति थपिने छ। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रबन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> |} - --[[Image:Smiley.svg|15px]][[User:Ram Prasad Joshee|'''<font color="#FF4500">आर॰पी॰</font> <font color="#008000">जोशी</font>''']] [[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font color="#2C39BB">वार्ता</font>]] १६:३७, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == गलत सम्पादन == {{ping|Himal33333}} तपाईलाई विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्न स्वागत गरिन्छ । तर तपाईले अंग्रेजी शब्दहरूलाई जस्ताको त्यस्तै गरी नेपालीमा लेखेको पाइयो । नेपाली विकिपीडियामा नेपाली शब्दको प्रयोग गरेर लेख्नु होला अन्यथा प्रवन्धकहरूले तपाईलाई सम्पादन गर्न निषेध गर्न सक्नेछन । - [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] ०४:४२, २९ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == छलफलमा सहभागी हुन अनुरोध! == नमस्ते,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]]मा निम्नलिखित विषयहरूमा भइरहेको छलफलमा कृपया आफ्नो मत राखिदिनुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।<br> # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|लेख र लिगेसी सम्बन्धी छलफल]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)| प्रमुख लेख सम्बन्धमा]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|सम्भावित अनुलिपि पृष्ठहरू (२)]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|क्याट-अ-लट टुल (ग्याजेट स्क्रिप्ट) असक्षम बनाउने सम्बन्धमा]]<br> धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०४:०५, ३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=651491 --> == विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ == [[File:Wiki Loves Monuments Nepal Logo.png|विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स|right|75px]] विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=658128 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अनवरत रुपमा सम्पादन गर्दै अथक परिश्रमका साथ अनेकौं लेखहरूमा योगदान दिनु भएकोले सो परिश्रमको कदर स्वरुप यहाँको पृष्ठमा यो बार्नस्टार राखिएको छ । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २०:४१, २७ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> ==फोटो== मलाई नक्सा मीलाउन सिकाउन हिमाल। (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०९:३५, १४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> ==हो र??== होर साथी मलाई थाहा नभएर, मैले प्राय अन्य वेबसाइटहरूमा समाचार हेर्दा युईएफए देखेको थिए,त्यसैले मैले मैलेनै बनाएको पृष्ठ स्तरीय बनाउने पहिलो चरणको सम्पादन प्रकृयामा शीर्षक सच्चउदै जाँदा गल्ती भएछ । हुन त म धेरै चोटी (UEFA/युईएफए/युइएफए) लाई लिएर दुविधामा परेको थिए । सुचनाको लागि धन्यवाद अब यस्तो गल्ति हुने छैन । (श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र ०९:५८, २८ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == सम्पादक बार्नस्टार == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सम्पादक बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गर्नु भएको अनेक सम्पादन, राम्रो छाटकाँट, अनेक नयाँ लेख लेखन र अनवरत योगदानको सम्मान स्वरूप -[[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४२, १ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} ==Hello {{ping|हिमाल सुबेदी}}== I think this page will be helpful for you. Use the page [[बङ्गलादेशका जिल्लाहरू]] for the spelling. I tried my best for the Nepali spelling. If you feel any problem, just ask me. --[[User:Anup Sadi|Anup Sadi]] ([[User talk:Anup Sadi|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:५९, ५ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:५७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ का सहभागि विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू, २०१८ को संस्करणमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा '''१७० वटा''' पृष्ठहरू तयार भई यो कार्यक्रम सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न भएको छ । यस कार्यक्रममा ४ वटा भन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागि मित्रहरूलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ पोस्टकार्ड पठाउने तथा यस कार्यक्रममा सबैभन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागीलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना राजदूतको रूपमा चयन गरि प्रमाण पत्र समेत प्रदान गर्ने गरिन्छ । तसर्थ कृपया पोस्टकार्ड तथा प्रमाणपत्रहरूको लागी '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform यहाँ]''' आफ्नो जानकारी मिति १० जनवरी २०१९ सम्ममा राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समुहको तर्फवाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:४३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=694091 --> [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:१२, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == [[वार्तालाप:नेपाल-बेलायत १९२३ को सन्धि]] == [[वार्तालाप:नेपाल-बेलायत १९२३ को सन्धि]] को अनुवाद धारा ४,५ र ६ गर्नु होला Bishaldev १६:४४, ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:टिप्पणीको लागि अनुरोध/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> ==छलफल== आज एउटाको मोबाइल केही समय पाएकाले विकि केही सम्पादन गरेको थिए । त्यसैले हतारमा आज मैले सृजना गरेको [[सिजी मन्दिर]] र [[गौतम बुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशाला]]का बारेमा एक पटक अवलोकन गस्ती गर है । अनि बिग्रेका कुराहरू सच्चाइ देउ । समय तथा साधनको अभावमा राम्रो लेख बन्न नसके जस्तो लागेको छ त्यसैले । ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १०:२६, ३१ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) ==मेरो तर्फबाट एउटा अलङ्कार== {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Peace Barnstar Hires.png|150px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अतुलनीय सम्पादन अलङ्कार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | ---- नमस्कार ! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ज्यू, तपाईंले [[विकिपिडिया|नेपाली विकिपिडीया]] सम्पादनको छोटो समयावधिमा अथक मेहनतका साथ अनेकौं लेखहरूमा अनवरत रुपमा मिहिनेतका साथ उत्कृष्ट योगदान प्रदान गर्नुभएको हुनाले तपाईंको सो मिहिनेतको उच्च कदर स्वरुप तपाईंको पृष्ठमा यो अलङ्कार प्रदान गर्दछु। धन्यवाद। ---- ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १५:४६, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki {{IPNotice|}}- <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> ==स्वागत== लामो समय पछि विकि सम्पादनमा हार्दिक स्वागत सरकार। शुभ-सम्पादन। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:४६, २ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == जानकारी सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा नयाँ छलफल सुरू गरिएको हुनाले सो छलफलको निर्णय नआउञ्जेलसम्मका लागि तपाईद्वारा यस विकिपिडियामा रहेको [[विकिपिडिया:पञ्च स्तम्भ|पञ्च स्तम्भ]]को पालना गर्नुपर्नेछ साथै विकिपिडिया समुदायमा रहेको नीति विपरित कुनै पनि अनावश्यक काममा तपाईको संलग्नता रहेको पाइएमा तपाईलाई तत्काल विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाइने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:०७, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) * मैले यस विषयमा निर्जललाई जानकारी गराइसकेको छु, म यो पञ्च स्तम्भ के हो जान्दिन, मलाई १ महिना प्रतिबन्ध लगाउनुस् या नलगाउनुस् म जान्दिन, मैले आउँदो एसियाली महिनामा २५० बनाउने अठोट लिएको छु यदि मैले त्यती लेख्न सकिन भने भने म झुण्डिएर आत्महत्या गरेर मर्छु, मलाई पहिलोपटक प्रतिबन्ध किन लगाइयो। म चाहान्छु कि सबै प्रबन्धक मित्रहरू पनि मैले जस्तै आउँदो एसियाली महिनामा केही प्रतिबद्धता जयर गरून् न कि हामी जस्तो मोबाइल सम्पादकलाई दुख र सास्ती दिने, म प्रबन्धकहरूको उर्जा हेर्न चाहान्छु न कि चहलपहल म यहाँ भन्दा केही पनि कुरा अगाडि बढाउन चाहान्न, सबै प्रबन्धकहरू आफ्नो उर्जा र नेपाली विकिपिडिया प्रति माया र कयौं लेख लेखेको हेर्न म अातुर छु धन्यवाद-[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:३९, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == शीघ्रातिशीघ्र माफी माग्न आह्वान == '''नमस्ते हिमालज्यु,''' ''प्रयोगकर्तालाई निषेध गर्ने छलफल''को [[Special:Diff/736286|निष्कर्ष आइसकेको]] छ। कृपया! हजुरलाई अनुरोध गर्दछु [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ गएर]] अनुच्छेदको तल्लो भागमा आफ्नो माफीनामा राख्नुहोला। माफीनामा नआएको खण्डमा हजुरलाई छलफलमा भने बमोजिम कम्तीमा १ महिनासम्मको लागि विकिपिडियाबाट निषेध गरिनेछ र निषेध फुकुवा गर्न निवेदन पनि राख्न पाउनु हुनेछैन। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> ०४:४३, ४ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == [[विकिथन-८ सहभागीहरू]] == नमस्ते हिमाल ज्यु, विकिथन-८ को सहभागीहरूको पृष्ठ बनाउदा यो गल्तीले बनेको होला, मैले मेटाउन हेलेको छ। धन्यवाद--[[User:BRPever|<font color="#FF00FF">B</font><font color="#FF7E00">R</font><font color="#00A300">P</font>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १०:५१, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) :र मैले सहभागिता पृष्ठको लिंक छु।--[[User:BRPever|<font color="#FF00FF">B</font><font color="#FF7E00">R</font><font color="#00A300">P</font>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १०:५९, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> गत वर्ष विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा भाग लिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद, र आशा गर्दछु कि तपाईंले यसको आनन्द लिनुभयो । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो, र तपाईंले यसलाई बनाउनु भएको हो । हामी यो नोभेम्बरमा यस कार्यक्रमलाई फेरि आयोजना गर्दैछौं, र तपाईंलाई हामीसँग फेरि सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छौं । यो वर्ष, हाम्रो मापदण्ड उही हो । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३७, ३१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19508878 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2019 == <div style="border:8px orange ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Greetings! Thank you for organizing '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2019''' for your local Wikipedia language. For rules and guidelines, refer to [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Organiser Guidelines|this page]] on Meta. To reach out for support for the contest or ask any query, reach out to us on our [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Contact Us]] page. Our [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|International Team]] will be assisting you through out the contest duration. Thank you for your efforts in making this project successful. Best wishes, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|WAM 2019 International Team]] ::::Stay Updated [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/|50x50px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth|50x50px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19515825 --> ==इमो== अचेल इमोमा अनलाइन आउदैनौ कि क्या हो हिमाल/पर्वत ???? == Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest == In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis. Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month international team]]. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१२, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19592097 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? *We have a total of 10,186 articles made during this edition and it's the highest of all time. *Make sure you judge all articles before December 20th, Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Status|this page]]. *There will be two round of address collection scheduled: December 22th and December 27th 2019. *Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) on [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Ambassadors|this page]], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. *In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[user:Ле Лой|Le Loy]] for more information. Best wishes, [[:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:३०, १४ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19638067 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == तपाईको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रमुख लेखहरूमा राम्रो कार्यको लागि धन्यवाद। [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''<sup><small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small></sup>''' १३:१४, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) |} == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:BoNM - Bangladesh Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''বাংলাদেশ বার্নস্টার''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |প্রিয় হিমাল ভাই,<br /> নেপালী উইকিপিডিয়ায় বাংলাদেশ সংক্রান্ত নিবন্ধগুলো তৈরি করায় আপনাকে অসংখ্য ধন্যবাদ। আশা করি, এটা অব্যাহত রাখবেন।<br /> শুভকামনা রইল!<br /> [[User:Md. Golam Mukit Khan|Md. Golam Mukit Khan]] ([[User talk:Md. Golam Mukit Khan|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:३७, ६ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) |} == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == June 2020 == [[File:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px|alt=Stop icon]] यो तपाईँको लागि '''अन्तिम चेतावनी''' हो। यसपछि तपाईँद्वारा [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|पछाडि अनुप्रेषण नराखि पृष्ठ सारिएको]], कार्य भएमा , जस्तै तपाईँले यस [[:Module:Date]] पृष्ठमा गर्नुभएको छ। तपाईँलाई बिना कुनै सूचना '''[[विकिपिडिया:निषेध नीति|सम्पादन गर्नबाट अवरोधित]] गर्न सकिनेछ'''। '''तपाईँद्वारा गरिएको यस स्थानान्तरणले [https://tools.wmflabs.org/templatecount/index.php?lang=ne&namespace=828&name=Date#bottom २६१८ पृष्ठ]लाई असर पुगेको छ।'''<!-- Template:uw-move4 --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १४:३२, ११ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) * मैले बनाउँदै गरेको पृष्ठमा यस ढाँचा प्रयोगमा आउने भएकाले मैले नाम फेरेको हो।वास्तवमा भन्नु पर्दा यो ढाँचा बनाउनेहरूको गलती, सुरुदेखिनै नेपालीमा भएको भए यसलाई कसलै चलाउँथ्यो र? यसलाई त सुधार गर्न सकिन्छ। बरु यसका लागि एक ढाँचा सुधार थनको आयोजना गरि अगाडि बढ्न सकिन्छ। यस पृष्ठलाई सार्दा अरु पृष्ठलाई असर गर्छ भन्ने कुरा मलाई थाहा थियो तर पृष्ठ सार्ने बेला पछाडि एक अनुप्रेषण राख्ने भन्ने बाकसमा कालो रङ्ग देखियो र थिच्दा खेरी थिचिएको पनि थिएन। मलाई पनि थाहा थिइनकी अनुप्रेषण हट्छ भनेर तर दुर्घटनाबस अनुप्रेषण हट्यो। मैले फेरी ढाँचा डेटमा सार्न खोजेको थिएँ तर फेरी पनि अनुप्रेषण राख्ने भन्ने बाकस थिचिएन यही समस्याले गर्दा पृष्ठबाट अनुप्रेषण हटेको हो तर यस्तो समस्या कसरी आयो भन्ने कुरा मलाई थाहा छैन-[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १५:५८, ११ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सार्ने सम्बन्धमा सल्लाह सुझाव == नमस्ते {{U|हिमाल सुबेदी}} ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगत २ वर्षदेखि निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनुभएकोमा धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। यहाँले नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[वि:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]] व्यवस्थापन तथा निर्माणमा देखाउनुभएको उर्जा र गतिशीलता सराहनीय रहेको कारणले नै यहाँलाई समुदायिक छलफलद्वारा ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार दिइएको थियो। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा लेखहरूको शीर्षक कस्तो हुनुपर्छ वा राख्ने सम्बन्धमा नीति नभएकोले समुदायले [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|लेख शीर्षक]] नीतिलाई [[:Special:Diff/808429|बहुमतले पास]] गरि लागू गर्नुका साथै [[वि:स्थानान्तरण|स्थानान्तरण]] सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठ निर्माण नभएसम्मको लागि छलफलको आधारमा मात्र पृष्ठको [[:Special:Diff/814282|शीर्षक परिवर्तन]] गर्नुपर्ने नीति बनाएको यहाँलाई अवगत नै हुनुपर्ने हो। विकिपिडिया जो सुकैले सम्पादन गर्न सक्ने स्वतन्त्र थलो भएतापनि समुदायले लागू गरिसकेको नीति र नियमलाई पालना गर्ने दायित्वपनि हामि सबैको हो। तपाईँ सक्रिय तथा विश्वनीय प्रयोगकर्ता हुनुका साथै यस विकिपिडियामा विशेष अधिकार राख्नुभएको छ जसको प्रयोग सन्तुलित र न्यायोचित हुनुपर्छ। सबै प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको आ-आफ्नो विशेष काम गर्ने शैली र व्यवहार भएतापनि सबैजना समुदायको नीति र नियमको अधीनमा रहेका छन्। अस्ति तपाईँको पृष्ठ [[:Special:Diff/822089|सार्ने क्रिया]]ले २६०० भन्दा बढी पृष्ठलाई असर पुगेको थियो जसपछि मैले यहाँलाई चेतावनी सन्देश पठाएको थिए। पृष्ठको शीर्षकलाई परिवर्तन गर्नको लागि वार्तालाप मात्रै विकल्प भएकोले (नीति लागू) तपाईँले अब उपरान्त कुनैपनि पृष्ठलाई बिना छलफल सार्नुभएको लग देखिएमा [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक|प्रबन्धक]]ले यहाँसँग रहेको ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार हटाउने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। ढाँचा तथा मोड्युललाई देवनागरी शीर्षकमा राख्ने वा नराख्ने विषयमा सामुदायिक छलफल हुनुपर्छ गरिनुपर्छ तर समुदायको कुनै ठोस निर्णय नआएसम्म पहिलदेखि चलिआएको विकी परम्परालाई नै प्राथमिकता दिनुपर्ने सर्वमान्य तर्क छ। तपाईँसँग विश्वका विभिन्न भाषाको ज्ञान भएतापनि तपाईँले सोझै बिना कुनै वार्तालाप गरि पृष्ठको शीर्षक सुधार गर्नुभएमा (मुख्यतया पछाडि [[:Special:Log/move/हिमाल_सुबेदी|अनुप्रेषण नराखि]] सार्ने क्रिया गरेको देखिएको छ) त्यो एकल निर्णय सरह देखिन्छ तसर्थ यस विषयमा अबदेखि सजग भएर नीति नियम पुगाएर क्रिया गर्न सल्लाह दिन चाहन्छु। [[वार्तालाप:बङ्गलादेश|यस वार्तालाप]]को निर्णय नआएतापनि तपाईँले अनुरोध गरेको शीर्षककै नाममा विभिन्न नयाँ पृष्ठ निर्माण गर्नुभएको छ, वार्तालाप हुँदैगर्दा तपाईँ त्यसको निर्णय नआउनञ्जेलसम्म पर्खनुपर्ने थियो जुन हुनसकेन, गर्नुभएन। विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ताको लागि विकिपिडियाको पृष्ठ जति महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ त्यस पृष्ठको इतिहास त्योभन्दा बढि महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ तसर्थ पृष्ठ सार्नुपूर्व विभिन्न पक्ष औल्याउनुपर्ने हुन्छ। पृष्ठ बनाउनुहोस्, सल्लाह सुझाव लिनुहोस्/दिनुहोस्, सामुदायिक वार्तालापमा सहभागी हुनुहोस् र नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराईलाई बढाउने जुन परिवर्तनकारी सोच/प्रण लिनुभएको छ त्यसलाई पूरा गर्ने दिशामा अगाडि बढ्नुहोस्। यहाँ हुने कुनै पनि सामुदायिक वार्तालापको निर्णय तपाईँले सोचेको समयमा नआउला यसको अर्थ तपाईँले आफ्नो धैर्यता गुमाइदिने कि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिने- अवश्यपनि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिनुपर्छ। हामि सबैले अन्ततः यो विकिपिडियालाई सबै पक्षबाट स्तरीय बनाउने कोसिस गर्दैछौँ यसमा सबैको सहयोगको आवश्यकता छ। अन्त्यमा, हामि सबै यहाँ एउटै सोच लिएर अगाडि बढ्दै यात्रा गरिरहेका छौँ तसर्थ मेरो सल्लाहलाई आत्मसात गर्दै विकिपिडियामा आफ्नो योगदानलाई निरन्तरता दिदैँ अगाडि बढ्नुहुनेछ भनि आशासहित धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:५४, १३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == सुझाव == नमस्कार हिमाल जी! हालैमात्र तपाईंले विकिपिडियाको नियम विपरीत रहेर काम गर्नुभएको रहेछ। तपाईंले लेखलाई प्रमुख बनाउने क्रममा मैले प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट राखेको हस्ताक्षरलाई मेट्नु भएछ जुन कुनै पनि हालतमा स्वीकार्य छैन। लेखमा एकचोटि समन्वय समितिको सदस्यको हस्ताक्षर भैसकेको पछी कसैले पनि त्यस हस्ताक्षरलाई हटाएर आफ्नो हस्ताक्षर राख्न पाउदैनन्। लेखमा सिफारिस र स्वीकृत मिति एउटै हुनुहुन्न भन्ने कुरा तपाईंले राम्रोसँग जान्नु पर्छ। हस्ताक्षर त हटाउनु भयो तर अर्काको हस्ताक्षर किन त्यहाँ राख्नु भयो भन्ने कुरामा म अचम्मित छु। तपाईंले मेरो हस्ताक्षर हटाएर पर्वत जीको हस्ताक्षर प्रयोग गर्नु भएको छ। यहाँ [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95&curid=113950&diff=842893&oldid=840866 1] र [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD&diff=prev&oldid=842901 2] हेर्नुस्। तपाइँको आफ्नै हस्ताक्षर हुदाहुदै अर्काको किन प्रयोग गरि रहनु भएको छ। तपाईं एउटा कुरा याद राख्नुहोस् कि जसले लेख आवेदन गर्छ त्यसको हस्ताक्षर हुनु पर्नेछ भन्ने कुनै नियममा लेखिएको छैन। कृपया यस गलतीलाई सुधार गर्दै मेरो हस्ताक्षर पुनः राख्नुहोस् र पर्वत जी को हस्ताक्षर हटाएर आफ्नो हस्ताक्षर राख्नुहोस्। भविष्यमा यस्तो गलती नदोहोर्‍याउन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद। - [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:५७, ७ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==नेपाली भाषा== हिमाल भाइ नेपालीमा ओठ-समक्रमण भन्ने शब्द छैन। बनाएको शब्द भन्दा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको लिप-सिन्क नै प्रचलनमा छ। श्रव्य-दृश्यको दुनियामा त्यही भाषा प्रयोग हुन्छ। फेरि गाउँको गोठालोदेखि एक वर्षको बालकले बुझ्ने भिडियो शब्दको नेपाली रूप श्रव्य-दृश्य नभएर भिडियो नै हो। त्यस्तै टिकटकलाई तिकतोक भन्दैनन् भने भने गल्ति हो। के गर्ने लाई क्यार्नी भन्छन् भनेर लेख्ने हो र? -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> ०६:२२, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेखबाट सामग्री हटाएको == हिमाल भाई [[ग्रीस]] लेखबाट तिमीले लेखमा भएको सामग्री हटाई अनुप्रेषण गर्नुको कारण के हो? तिमीले गरको चाहीँ उत्कृष्ट हुने अरुले लेखेको चाहीँ अर्थहिन हुने हो र? पहिला अरूको योगदानको कदर गरौँ। यदी तिमीलाई कुनै लेख गाभ्नु पर्ने लागेमा त्यसको लागि बनेको नियमको पालना गर्दै अनुरोध गर्न सकिने व्यबस्था छैन र? --[[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] १५:५६, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==दूरदर्शनको अर्थ== मेरो नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोशमा यस्तो छ: "ना० १. टाढासम्म दृष्टि पुर्याउने वा त्यहाँका दृश्यहरू अवलोकन गर्ने काम । २.पछिसम्मका कुराको सोचाइ वा सम्झाइ । ३. बिजुलीको यन्त्रद्वारा टाढाको वस्तु, दृश्य, कार्यक्रम आदिलाई प्रदर्शित गर्ने काम ।४. त्यस्तो कार्यक्रमको प्रदर्शन गर्ने यन्त्र; बोल्ने, गाउने व्यक्तिहरूको स्वर सुन्नुका साथसाथै उनीहरूको अनुहार तथा हाउभाउ पनि देखिने रेडियोका ढाँचाको एक वैज्ञानिक उपकरण; टेलिभिजन।" :टेलिभिजन नेपाली शब्द हो। यस्ता शब्दलाई तत्सम शब्द भन्छन्। दूरदर्शन एउटा बहुअर्थ भएको शब्द हो। लेख्य भाषामा बहुअर्थ दिने शब्द लेख्नु ठीक हुन्न। नेपालमा तिमी बाहेक अरू कसले टेलिभिजनलाई दूरदर्शन भन्छन्? -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> २१:२१, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस विमान १३४४ दुर्घटना]]को लागि प्रमुख समाचार मान्यता== {{ivmbox |1=८ अगस्त २०२० मा '''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार|प्रमुख समाचार]]'''लाई अद्यावधिक गरिएको छ जुन लेख '''[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस विमान १३४४ दुर्घटना]]'''बाट लिइएको हो जसलाई तपाईँले बनाउनुभएको वा व्यापक सुधार गर्नुभएको थियो। यदि तपाईँको ध्यानमा प्रमुख समाचारको लागि कुनै उपयुक्त हालसालै सिर्जना गरिएको वा अद्यावधिक गरिएको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/मापदण्ड|लेख]]को बारेमा थाहा छ भने कृपया त्यस लेखलाई [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार]]मा नामाङ्कन गर्नुहोला।--[[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:२२, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) |2=[[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|50px|Current events globe]] |imagesize=50px }} == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Team Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सहकार्य बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | [[रागिनी उपाध्याय‎]] लेखमा यहाँको योगदानको लागि कदर स्वरूप-- [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:०२, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) |} == अन्तिम चेतावनी == हिमाल जी,<br> हिजोदेखि सफाई अभियान थाल्नु भए जस्तो छ। प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन गर्ने सामाग्री, अनावश्यक सामग्री हटाएको लगायत सम्पादन शारांश देखे। केही चित्तबुझ्दो क्रिया देखे भने धेरैजसो एकहोरो सम्पादन क्रिया देखियो। सफाईको नाउँमा अरु प्रयोगकर्ताको लेखन सामग्री हटाइदिने क्रियाकलाप तत्काल बन्द गर्नुहोस्। प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन गर्ने सामग्री भेट्नुभएको खण्डमा त्यसलाई चिनो लगाउनुहोस्। याद राख्नुहोस् अनावश्यक सामग्री हटाएपछि लेख सुधार गर्ने दायित्व तपाईँको हुनेछ। लेख शीर्षक सुधार वार्तालापमा छोटो र मिठो टिप्पणी लेख्नहोस्। आजदेखि लेखबाट चिनो हटाउने काम नगर्नुहोला, सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता भएको कारणले कुनै प्रयोगकर्ताले जिज्ञासा प्रश्न सोधेमा प्रतिक्रिया दिनुहोस्। र अन्त्यमा माथि उल्लेखित कार्य बन्द गरेको पाइएन भने तपाईँलाई निषेध गर्नुबाहेकको कुनै विकल्प नरहेको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १९:०९, २१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य लेख सम्बन्धमा!! == {{Talkback|विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/आम्पान महाचक्रवात}}[[User:Big Hero|Big Hero]] ([[User talk:Big Hero|कुरा गर्ने]]) १२:५५, २२ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सावधान == हिमाल सुबेदी,<br/> कृपया भूगोल तथा उल्लेखनीय विषयहरूसँग सम्बन्धित लेखहरूलाई मेट्न चिनो लगाउने काम तत्काल बन्द गर्नुहोस्। सकिन्छ भने सुधार गरौं सुधार गर्न नसके लेखमा भएको कमजोरी औल्याउनुहोला। विकल्पहरू धेरै छन् हेर्नुहोला। पुन: मैले भन्न नपर्ने गरि यो काम रोक्नुहोला, लेखलाई स्वयं लेखक वा अन्य सम्पादकले सुधार गर्नेछन्। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १४:१०, ३१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:३८, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == शीमे चिनो लगाएको सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते हिमाल,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको विकासमा यहाँको निरन्तर योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। मेरो विचारमा यहाँ जस्तो अनुभवी र जिम्मेवार प्रयोगकर्ताले आज विभिन्न लेखहरूमा शीमे चिनो लगाउने [[विशेष:Contributions/हिमाल_सुबेदी|कार्य]]ले चकित बन्न पुगेको छु। [[विकिपिडिया:शीमे|शीमे]] चिनो लगाउन चाहिने आधार सम्बन्धमा थप अध्ययन गर्नुहोला। हाम्रो विकिपिडियामा विभिन्न मर्मत चिनो उपलब्ध रहेकोले त्यसको उपयोग गर्न सकिन्छ जसले गर्दा लेख निर्माणकर्ताले लेखलाई सुधार गर्ने मौका पाउनेछन्। नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराइ बढाउने नाममा यस्ता गतिविधिलाई तत्काल बन्द गर्नहुन यसै सन्देसमार्फत जानकारी गराउँदै भविष्यमा यस्ता गतिविधि दोहिरिएको खण्डमा ३ महिनाको लागि विकिपिडिया सम्पादनबाट रोक लगाइने जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। आशा छ तपाईँले यो सन्देस गम्भीरतापूर्वक लिनुहुनेछ। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १३:४१, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == [[:नेपाल नाग]] मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कित == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>यो '''[[:नेपाल नाग]]''' लेख यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू|नीति]] अनुसार समावेश गर्न '''उपयुक्त भए/नभएको छलफल''' चलिरहेको छ। लेख उपयुक्त नभएको खण्डमा [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|पृष्ठ मेटाइने]] छ। तपाईँ लगायत जो कोहिलाई पनि यस [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू|नेपाल नाग]] छलफलमा आफ्नो धारणा राख्न स्वागत छ। नामाङ्कन छलफल यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू|नीति र निर्देशन]]को अधीनमा रहेर गर्नुपर्नेछ। तपाईँ यस लेखलाई सुधार सहित सम्पादन गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। तर, लेखको शीर्षपाठमा रहेको '''लेख मेटाउने सूचना''' नहटाउनुहोला।<!-- Template:afd-notice --> [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] १०:४७, २५ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == तपाईँको लेख [[बङ्गलादेशका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची]]== [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र विकिपिडियामा [[Special:Contributions/हिमाल सुबेदी|हजुरको योगदान]]का the page [[:बङ्गलादेशका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची]] लागि धन्यवाद ! तपाईले विकिपिडियामा थप गर्नुभएको पृष्ठ ''नेपाली'' संस्करणमा छ । यो नेपाली भाषाको लेख होइन । यस लेखलाई नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्न हामी तपाईंलाई अनुरोध गर्दछौं । यसलाई [[विकिपिडिया:नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्नु आवश्यक पृष्ठहरू|नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्नु आवश्यक पृष्ठहरू]]मा सूचीबद्ध गरिएको छ र अर्को दुई हप्ता भित्र अनुवाद नगिरएमा लेख मेटिनेछन् । धन्यवाद ! <!-- Template:uw-notenglish --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०७:४९, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन सामुदायिक समिति सिट: प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठक == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन न्यासी समितिले सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी १ देखि मार्च १ सम्म सामुदायिक चयन प्रक्रियाहरूको बारेमा प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठकको आयोजना गरिरहेको छ। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन र विकिमिडिया अभियान विगत १० बर्षमा लगभग पाँच गुणाले वृद्धि भएको छ भने यसको समितिको संरचना र प्रक्रियाहरू मूल रूपमा उस्तै रहिरहेको छ। वर्तमान समितिको संरचनामा हाम्रो क्षमता, प्रदर्शन, र अभियानको विविधता अनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको अभाव एउटा समस्याको रूपमा रहेको छ। प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचनले गर्दा अग्रणी भाषा समुदायका उम्मेदवारहरूको पक्ष लिने गरेको छ र उनीहरूको सीप र अनुभवद्वारा समिति सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा दिन कतिको सान्दर्भिक हुन सक्छ वा समितिको विशिष्ट उत्तरदायित्वहरू निर्वाह गर्ने क्षमतामा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेको छ। तथ्यहरूलाई नियाल्दा वर्तमान प्रक्रियाहरूले उत्तर अमेरिका र पश्चिम युरोपका स्वयंसेवकहरूको पक्ष लिएको छ। वास्तवमा भन्ने हो भने, दक्षिण एसियाबाट अहिलेसम्मको इतिहासमा हेर्दा जम्मा एक जना सदस्यले मात्र समितिमा स्थान बनाउन सकेको छ। आउँदो महिनाहरूमा हामीलाई तीन सामुदायिक सिटहरू नवीकरण गर्नुपर्नेछ र नयाँ सिटमा तीन थप समुदायिक सदस्यहरू नियुक्त गर्नुपर्नेछ। यो प्रतिक्रियात्मक बैठकमा हामीहरू सबै मिलेर हाम्रो अभियानलाई कसरी प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने र अनुभव, सीप, र विश्वासका साथ अन्तरदृष्टिसहित तैयार भएका उम्मेदवारहरू छनौट गर्न प्रारूप रेखा तयार गर्न सक्छौं? यस सम्बन्धमा, प्रस्तावित विचारहरूमाथि छलफल गर्न र हामी हाम्रो विचारहरू साझा गर्न, प्रतिक्रिया दिन र प्रक्रियामा योगदान दिनको लागि सामुदायिक छलफल गर्नु राम्रो हुनेछ। यसै विषयमा छलफल गर्न, हामीले यही मार्च १३ को साँझ ७ बजे देखि ८ बजेसम्म बैठक आयोजित भइरहेको छ। बैठकको कडी निम्नलिखित रहेको छ: https://meet.google.com/ugf-xyyk-ifi नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित भाषाहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेका सम्पूर्ण भाषाका विकिपिडियन र विकिमिडियनलाई यो बैठकमा आफ्नो विचार राख्न स्वागत गरिन्छ। धन्यवाद, [[User:KCVelaga (WMF)]], ११:४२, ७ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21193233 --> ==[[जिएस पौडेल]] [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्तावित]]== [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|left|link=|48px|]] यो [[जिएस पौडेल]] लेख [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्ताव]] गरिएको छ । किनकि यसले कुनै [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] वा सन्दर्भहरू उल्लेख गर्दैन । [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव#आपत्ति|विकिपिडिया नीति]] अनुरूप, '''[[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी|जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी]]'''ले, यदि सात दिन भित्र कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिन्छ । यदि तपाईंले सिर्जना गर्नुभएको पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र हटाउनेको लागि ट्याग गरिएको छ भने, तपाईं त्यो पृष्ठमा सुधार गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सम्बन्धित वार्ता पृष्ठमा तपाईको तर्क बुझाउन सक्नुहुन्छ । सन्दर्भहरू सम्मिलित गर्न मद्दतको लागि, [[विकिपिडिया:नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने|नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने]], हेर्नुहोस् । एक पटक तपाईंले कम्तीमा एक [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] प्रदान गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईँले {{tl|prod blp/dated}} ट्याग हटाउन सक्नुहुनेछ । '''कम्तिमा एक विश्वसनीय स्रोत प्रदान नभएसम्म, कृपया, ट्याग नहटाउनु होला ।''' यदि सात दिन भित्र तपाईँले कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिनेछ । तर तपाइँ एक स्रोत थप्न तयार हुनुहुन्छ भने, {{#ifexist:जिएस पौडेल|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ|[[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]}} ।<!-- Template:ProdwarningBLP --> [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] १०:०७, २६ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto:&#x20;Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == [[खड्का]]मा [[User:Nim Bahadur khadka|Nim Bahadur khadka]]को प्रश्न (२०:५२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२२) == नमस्कार पुवर खड्काहरु प्युठान रोल्पा जिल्लाको केही ठाउँमा ठूलो संख्यामा रहेका छ्न --[[User:Nim Bahadur khadka|Nim Bahadur khadka]] ([[User talk:Nim Bahadur khadka|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> == [[User:रमन वन|रमन वन]]बाट प्रश्न (०९:५१, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२) == यस विकिपिडियामा तस्वीर कसरी राख्ने ? --[[User:रमन वन|रमन वन]] ([[User talk:रमन वन|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:५१, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:१०, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Help us organize! == Dear Wikimedian, You may already know that the third iteration of [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023|WikiConference India]] is happening in March 2023. We have recently opened [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Scholarships|scholarship applications]] and [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Program_Submissions|session submissions for the program]]. As it is a huge conference, we will definitely need help with organizing. As you have been significantly involved in contributing to Wikimedia projects related to Indic languages, we wanted to reach out to you and see if you are interested in helping us. We have different teams that might interest you, such as communications, scholarships, programs, event management etc. If you are interested, please fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdN7EpOETVPQJ6IG6OX_fTUwilh7MKKVX75DZs6Oj6SgbP9yA/viewform?usp=sf_link this form]. Let us know if you have any questions on the [[:m:Talk: WikiConference_India_2023|event talk page]]. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:०६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24094749 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == WikiConference India 2023:WCI2023 Open Community call on 18 December 2022 == Dear Wikimedian, As you may know, we are hosting regular calls with the communities for [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]. This message is for the second Open Community Call which is scheduled on the 18th of December, 2022 (Today) from 7:00 to 8:00 pm to answer any questions, concerns, or clarifications, take inputs from the communities, and give a few updates related to the conference from our end. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call. * [WCI 2023] Open Community Call * Date: 18 December 2022 * Time: 1900-2000 [7 pm to 8 pm] (IST) * Google Link: https://meet.google.com/wpm-ofpx-vei Furthermore, we are pleased to share the telegram group created for the community members who are interested to be a part of WikiConference India 2023 and share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions. Link to join the telegram group: https://t.me/+X9RLByiOxpAyNDZl. Alternatively, you can also leave us a message on the [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|Conference talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:५६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small> On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Organizing team </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24099166 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:२०, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == Translation request == Hello. Can you translate and upload the article [[:en:Laacher See]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:११, १२ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुबेदी. Can you translate and upload the article about the prominent Turkish economist [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Kindest regards, [[User:Moroike|Moroike]] ([[User talk:Moroike|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:०६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == [[User:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]]बाट प्रश्न (१९:०१, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२५) == नमस्कार ! विकिपेडियामा कसरि लेखा लेख्ने होला शुरु गर्ना आइडिया नै आएन --[[User:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]] ([[User talk:Dharbindra BK|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:०१, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :@[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]] लेख्ने हैन नपुगेका ठाउँमा जानकारी थप्न सहयोग गर्ने हो । लेख्ने काम तपाईं हाम्रो हैन हामी सहयोगी हौँ । हतार गर्नुहुँदैन ।। [[User:RJPRASHANT$1|RJPRASHANT$1]] ([[User talk:RJPRASHANT$1|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:२४, ३ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == सम्पादन गर्दिनु होस्। == [[१९०७ एरेना क्रिकेट स्टेडियम]] , नयाँ पृष्ट सृजना भएको छ ! सम्पादन गर्न मद्दत गर्नुहोस् । तथ्यमा आधारित कुराहरू समेटेर लेखेको हो । [[Special:Contributions/103.155.20.211|103.155.20.211]] ([[User talk:103.155.20.211|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:२९, ५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1300023 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == ऑटोपेट्रोलर दायित्व == नमस्ते [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:Log/rights निष्क्रिय हुने] परिभाषा र नियमावली के हुन्? यद्यपि मलाई कुनै आपत्ति छैन, तर तपाईंले त्यो अधिकार हटाउनुभयो त्यसैले जानकारीको लागि मात्रै सोधिरहेको हुँ। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]<sup>[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--talk--</small>]]</sup> १५:०९, २६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :सर्वप्रथम, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईको योगदानका लागि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। विकीमा विभिन्न कामहरू गर्नका लागि, प्रयोगकर्ताले गरेको योगदानको गुणस्तर, समुदायको सिफारिस वा मतदानबाट विशेषाधिकारहरू प्रधान गरिने प्रावधान रहेको छ। यस्ता अधिकार प्राप्त प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको योगदान वा सम्पादनलाई पूर्णरूपमा तथ्यपूर्ण र विश्वसनीय मानिन्छ। यसलाई पदको रूपमा नहेरी समुदायको विश्वास र मतदानको आधार दिइने एउटा अधिकार भनेर बुझ्दा राम्रो हुन्छ। विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको अन्य सामान्य प्रयोगकर्ताहरू भन्दा बढी जिम्मेवारीहरू हुन्छन् र निष्क्रिय रहेको खण्डमा प्रबन्धकहरूलाई समेत हटाउन मिल्ने प्रावधान रहेको नेपाली विकिपिडियामा निष्क्रियका आधारमा विशेषाधिकार हटाउनु नौलो कुरो होइन (यद्यपि यो पहिलोपटक नै भएको होला)। विश्वासका आधारमा चुनिएका प्रयोगकर्ताहरू निष्क्रिय रहँदा सम्पूर्ण विकी जगतलाई नै घाटा हो (यद्यपि सम्पादन गर्ने नगर्ने त्यो पूर्णरूपमा व्यक्तिगत कुरा हो)। स्वगस्ती मात्र नभई अन्य अधिकारीका लाागि पनि तपाई योग्य हुन सक्नुहुन्छ यदि तपाई यहाँ आफ्नो राम्रो योगदान दिनुहुन्छ भने। अन्ततः अधिकार बिनानै सबै सम्पादनका कामहरू मजाले गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] १७:३६, २६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == किन मेट्नु पर्ने भयो। अजयमेरु कोट। कारण के भयो == अजयमेरु कोट किन मेट्नु पर्ने कारण भयो सुवेदी सर [[User:Kartikeyapur dynasty|Kartikeyapur dynasty]] ([[User talk:Kartikeyapur dynasty|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:२६, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) :सर्वप्रथम विकिपिडियाको लेखन कसरी गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने कुरामा ध्यान दिनुहोस्। तपाईले सुनौलो नेपाल डटकम (५४.८%) र गोरखा पत्र (२१.९%) अनलाइन नामक दुई वेबसाइटबाट पूर्णरूपमा सामाग्री साभार गर्नुभएको छ। यी लेखहरूलाई सम्बन्धित जिल्लामा कुनै उपशीर्षक बनाइ राख्न सकिन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २०:३९, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == इतिहास गहिरो अध्ययन गरेर कुरा गर्नु पर्ने हुन्छ। नेपाली लेखकले लेखेका केही हावा कुरा का पछि लाग्नु भन्दापनि सत्य इतिहास र जानकारी दिनु हाम्रो कर्तव्य हाे। == अजयमेरुकोटकिनमेट्नुपर्योहिमालसुवेदीसर [[User:Kartikeyapur dynasty|Kartikeyapur dynasty]] ([[User talk:Kartikeyapur dynasty|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५२, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुवेदी. Can you translate and upload the articles about the prominent economists [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] and [[:en:Milton Friedman]] in Nepali Wikipedia? They do not need to be long. Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३४, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == स्वतः स्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार == @[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] के म स्वतः स्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार प्राप्त गर्न सकछु? [[User:सिशिर खत्री|सिशिर खत्री]] ([[User talk:सिशिर खत्री|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:४५, ८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुवेदी. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:३३, १३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) on ००:१५, १२ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ०१:५१, २९ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:३९, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> gkdhgvsfycecvnv3j4ddxd5qiswyesj 1358303 1358288 2026-06-07T17:25:26Z MediaWiki message delivery 14766 /* Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 */ नयाँ खण्ड 1358303 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Namaste.gif|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb|सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्।]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू''' समस्त [[विकिपिडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईँलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपिडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष|विश्वकोश]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू सङ्ग्रहित हुन्छन्। *हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईँ हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी बनाऔँ। *विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईँ पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा पहिले देखि नै भएका लेखमा सामग्री थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपिडियामा तपाईँद्वारा सृजना गरिएका कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबैभन्दा पहिले दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईँको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपिडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकीको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपिडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *परीक्षणको लागि [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/प्रयोगस्थल|action=edit&preload=Template:User_Sandbox/preload}} आफ्नो प्रयोगस्थल] पृष्ठमा अभ्यास गर्नुहोस। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईँले एउटा विकिपिडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईँको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठको लिङ्क र मिति थपिने छ। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रबन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> |} - --[[Image:Smiley.svg|15px]][[User:Ram Prasad Joshee|'''<font color="#FF4500">आर॰पी॰</font> <font color="#008000">जोशी</font>''']] [[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font color="#2C39BB">वार्ता</font>]] १६:३७, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१७ (युटिसी(UTC)) == गलत सम्पादन == {{ping|Himal33333}} तपाईलाई विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्न स्वागत गरिन्छ । तर तपाईले अंग्रेजी शब्दहरूलाई जस्ताको त्यस्तै गरी नेपालीमा लेखेको पाइयो । नेपाली विकिपीडियामा नेपाली शब्दको प्रयोग गरेर लेख्नु होला अन्यथा प्रवन्धकहरूले तपाईलाई सम्पादन गर्न निषेध गर्न सक्नेछन । - [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><sup>(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)</sup></span>]] ०४:४२, २९ जुन २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == छलफलमा सहभागी हुन अनुरोध! == नमस्ते,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]]मा निम्नलिखित विषयहरूमा भइरहेको छलफलमा कृपया आफ्नो मत राखिदिनुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।<br> # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)|लेख र लिगेसी सम्बन्धी छलफल]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)| प्रमुख लेख सम्बन्धमा]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|सम्भावित अनुलिपि पृष्ठहरू (२)]] # [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्राविधिक)|क्याट-अ-लट टुल (ग्याजेट स्क्रिप्ट) असक्षम बनाउने सम्बन्धमा]]<br> धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०४:०५, ३ जुलाई २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=651491 --> == विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ == [[File:Wiki Loves Monuments Nepal Logo.png|विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स|right|75px]] विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८ सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (प्रस्ताव)#विकी लभ्स मोन्युमेन्ट्स २०१८|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु । <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=658128 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अनवरत रुपमा सम्पादन गर्दै अथक परिश्रमका साथ अनेकौं लेखहरूमा योगदान दिनु भएकोले सो परिश्रमको कदर स्वरुप यहाँको पृष्ठमा यो बार्नस्टार राखिएको छ । [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २०:४१, २७ अक्टोबर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८]]मा सहभागिताको लागी आ == <br clear="all"> <div style="width: 99%; padding:15px; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> [[चित्र:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|]] '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]'''मा तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र आज देखि यो कार्यक्रमको शुभारम्भ भई सकेको छ । यस कार्यक्रम सम्बन्धी केही जानकारी देहाय बमोजिम रहेको छ । * तपाईको लेखलाई '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne/add|यस औजार]]''' मार्फत पेश गर्नुहोला । कृपया माथि दाँयाको ''''लगइन''''मा थिच्नुहोला र OAuth ले बाँकी कार्य गर्नेछ । तपाईले इन्टरफेसको भाषालाई समेत माथि दाँयाबाट परिवर्तन गर्न सक्नुहुनेछ । * तपाईले आफ्नो लेख पेश गरे पश्चात उक्त औजारले लेखमा एउटा ढाँचा थप गरि दिनेछ तथा आयोजकहरूले पूनरावलोकनको लागी आवश्यक चिन्ह समेत थप गरि दिनेछ । तपाईले '''[[toollabs:fountain/editathons/asian-month-2018-ne|आफ्नो प्रगती लाई यस औजारको प्रयोगबाट]]''' हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ, जसले तपाईको कतिवटा स्विकारयोग्य लेखहरू छन् भने देखाउने छ । * सहभागीहरू मध्ये जसको स्विकारयोग्य ४ लेखहरू भएको खण्डमा निजले विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नेछन् । यदि तपाईले १५ वटा स्विकारयोग्य लेख बनाउनु भएको खण्डमा विशेष पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नु हुनेछ । नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सर्वाधिक स्विकारयोग्य लेख तयार गर्ने विकिपिडियनलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदुत"को रूपमा सम्मान गरिनेछ र निजलाई पोस्टकार्डको अलावा हस्तारक्ष भएको प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्रदान गरिनेछ । * यदि तपाईले औजारको पहुँचमा समस्या भएमा तपाईले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/सहभागीहरू|यस पृष्ठमा]]''' रहेको तपाईको प्रयोगकर्ता नामसँग पेश गर्न सक्नु हुनेछ । * यदि तपाईका कुनै प्रश्न भए, तपाईले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना/प्रश्नउत्तर|प्रश्न तथा जबाफ]] पृष्ठ हेर्न सक्नुहुनेछ वा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनाको वार्ता पृष्ठमा राख्न सक्नु हुनेछ । '''कृपया नोट गर्नु होला १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ देखि ३० नोभेम्बर २०१८ (UTC) सम्म गरिएको सम्पादन मात्र गणना हुने छ ।''' </br> <span style="position: absolute; right: 0px;">आयोजकहरूको तर्फबाट -- [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:००, १ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))</span> </br> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=681744 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|right]]विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ मा उत्साहजन सहभागिताको लागी धन्यवाद ! यस कार्यक्रमको पहिलो ११ दिनमा '''५३''' बटा लेखहरू तयार भई सकेको छ । यसमा कार्यक्रममा अझ थप लेखहरू तयार गर्नको लागी सहभागी मित्रहरूलाई अाग्रह गर्दछौं । * विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ सम्बन्धी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/तथ्यांक|तथ्यांक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । * लेख तयार गर्न सहजताको लागी '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८/सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक|सम्भावित लेख शिर्षक]]''' हेर्नुहोस् । आयोजन समूहको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:५४, १२ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=683028 --> ==फोटो== मलाई नक्सा मीलाउन सिकाउन हिमाल। (भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´ ०९:३५, १४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == धन्यवाद ! == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|100px|right]] '''विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ '''को अन्तिम हप्तामा आइपुग्दा करिब '''१०९''' राम्रा लेखहरू तयार भएको सहर्ष जानकारी दिन चाहन्छौ । नोभेम्बर महिना भरी सञ्चालन हुने यस कार्यक्रममा बाँँकी रहेको ७ दिनमा अझ बढी भन्दा बढी लेखहरू तयार गर्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:५८, २४ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=684509 --> ==हो र??== होर साथी मलाई थाहा नभएर, मैले प्राय अन्य वेबसाइटहरूमा समाचार हेर्दा युईएफए देखेको थिए,त्यसैले मैले मैलेनै बनाएको पृष्ठ स्तरीय बनाउने पहिलो चरणको सम्पादन प्रकृयामा शीर्षक सच्चउदै जाँदा गल्ती भएछ । हुन त म धेरै चोटी (UEFA/युईएफए/युइएफए) लाई लिएर दुविधामा परेको थिए । सुचनाको लागि धन्यवाद अब यस्तो गल्ति हुने छैन । (श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र ०९:५८, २८ नोभेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC))) == सम्पादक बार्नस्टार == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Editors Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सम्पादक बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | नेपाली विकिपिडियामा गर्नु भएको अनेक सम्पादन, राम्रो छाटकाँट, अनेक नयाँ लेख लेखन र अनवरत योगदानको सम्मान स्वरूप -[[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४२, १ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} ==Hello {{ping|हिमाल सुबेदी}}== I think this page will be helpful for you. Use the page [[बङ्गलादेशका जिल्लाहरू]] for the spelling. I tried my best for the Nepali spelling. If you feel any problem, just ask me. --[[User:Anup Sadi|Anup Sadi]] ([[User talk:Anup Sadi|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:५९, ५ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) [[User:Nirjal stha|Nirjal stha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:५७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ == <div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|150px|center|link=]]</div> विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ का सहभागि विकिपिडियन मित्रहरू, २०१८ को संस्करणमा विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा '''१७० वटा''' पृष्ठहरू तयार भई यो कार्यक्रम सफलता पूर्वक सम्पन्न भएको छ । यस कार्यक्रममा ४ वटा भन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागि मित्रहरूलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१८ पोस्टकार्ड पठाउने तथा यस कार्यक्रममा सबैभन्दा बढी लेख तयार गर्ने सहभागीलाई विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना राजदूतको रूपमा चयन गरि प्रमाण पत्र समेत प्रदान गर्ने गरिन्छ । तसर्थ कृपया पोस्टकार्ड तथा प्रमाणपत्रहरूको लागी '''[https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScoZU2jEj-ndH3fLwhwG0YBc99fPiWZIfBB1UlvqTawqTEsMA/viewform यहाँ]''' आफ्नो जानकारी मिति १० जनवरी २०१९ सम्ममा राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । आयोजक समुहको तर्फवाट [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:४३, २१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=694091 --> [[User:Janak Bhatta|Janak Bhatta]] ([[User talk:Janak Bhatta|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०३:१२, २४ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''फेब्रुअरी, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागी आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[गुजराणवाला]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागी सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/गुजराणवाला]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:५८, २७ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == [[वार्तालाप:नेपाल-बेलायत १९२३ को सन्धि]] == [[वार्तालाप:नेपाल-बेलायत १९२३ को सन्धि]] को अनुवाद धारा ४,५ र ६ गर्नु होला Bishaldev १६:४४, ३१ डिसेम्बर २०१८ (युटिसी(UTC)) == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|100px}} '''मार्च, २०१९''' को प्रमुख लेखको लागि आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]''' बाट '''[[डकडकगो]]''' लेख प्रमुख लेखको आवेदन प्राप्त भई '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेख '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डकडकगो]]''' मा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं। '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट - [[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:४२, १४ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन समीक्षा == <h3>आदरणिय सम्पादक साथीहरू,</h3> {{प्रमुख चिन्ह|30px}} आवेदक '''[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]]'''ले निम्नलिखित लेखहरूलाई प्रमुख लेख बन्नको लागि [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदन]] गरेको हुनाले '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' बाट सो लेखहरू '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/मापदण्ड|प्रमुख लेखका मापदण्ड]]''' अनुसार भए नभएको पूनरावलोकन गरि मतदातको लागि सिफारिस भएकोले, निम्नलिखित लेखहरूमा आफ्नो मत प्रदान गरि निर्णयमा सहयोग गरि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं।<br /> * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/पानासोनिक]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/सेथ राेलिन्स]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/डिन एम्ब्राेज]] * [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/लियाम पेन]] '''[[विकिपीडिया:प्रमुख लेख/प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति|प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समिति]]''' को तर्फबाट -[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ([[User talk:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) १०:२९, १६ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया == [[विकिपिडिया:टिप्पणीको लागि अनुरोध/अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया|अन्तरमोहडा सम्पादक अधिकार प्रदान गर्ने प्रक्रिया]]बारे भइरहेको टिप्पणीमा सहभागी हुन् हार्दीक अनुरोध छ । धन्यवाद ! &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०५:५०, २५ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> ==छलफल== आज एउटाको मोबाइल केही समय पाएकाले विकि केही सम्पादन गरेको थिए । त्यसैले हतारमा आज मैले सृजना गरेको [[सिजी मन्दिर]] र [[गौतम बुद्ध अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट रङ्गशाला]]का बारेमा एक पटक अवलोकन गस्ती गर है । अनि बिग्रेका कुराहरू सच्चाइ देउ । समय तथा साधनको अभावमा राम्रो लेख बन्न नसके जस्तो लागेको छ त्यसैले । ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १०:२६, ३१ जनवरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) ==मेरो तर्फबाट एउटा अलङ्कार== {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Peace Barnstar Hires.png|150px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अतुलनीय सम्पादन अलङ्कार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | ---- नमस्कार ! [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ज्यू, तपाईंले [[विकिपिडिया|नेपाली विकिपिडीया]] सम्पादनको छोटो समयावधिमा अथक मेहनतका साथ अनेकौं लेखहरूमा अनवरत रुपमा मिहिनेतका साथ उत्कृष्ट योगदान प्रदान गर्नुभएको हुनाले तपाईंको सो मिहिनेतको उच्च कदर स्वरुप तपाईंको पृष्ठमा यो अलङ्कार प्रदान गर्दछु। धन्यवाद। ---- ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १५:४६, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) |} == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४३, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=695537 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०२:४९, ३ अप्रिल २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=700382 --> == छिटो निर्णय लिनु पर्ने भएकोले == अप्रेल महिनामा प्रमुख लेख बनाउनको लागि परेका सबै लेखहरू अयोग्य ठहरिएका कारण हामीले आज तिन तारिख सम्म पनि प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्न सकेनौं । प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिका सदस्यका तर्फबाट प्रमुख लेखको लागि परेका आवेदनहरूबाट छानेर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/ठूलो घाउँके हावासील|एक अर्को लेख]] मत दानको लागि सिफारिस गरिएको छ । अतः छिटो छलफल गरेर आजै प्रमुख लेख परिवर्तन गर्नु पर्ने भएकाले [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|यहाँ]] आफ्नो मत राखेर निर्णय लिनु होला भन्ने पूर्ण अनुरोध छ । [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki {{IPNotice|}}- <!-- Message sent by User:Ram Prasad Joshee@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=704022 --> ==स्वागत== लामो समय पछि विकि सम्पादनमा हार्दिक स्वागत सरकार। शुभ-सम्पादन। ( [[प्रयोगकर्ता:श्रेष्ठ भूपेन्द्र|''''भूपेन्द्र श्रेष्ठ `भूपेन´'''']] १४:४६, २ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC))) == Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19 == '''Hello {{BASEPAGENAME}},'''<br /> <small>'''Sorry for writing in English.'''</small><br /> We are glad, you are the part of [[:m:WCN2018|WCN2018]]. So, you are WCNian. Congratulations! \o/ The Wikicamp Nepal team is currently discussing on the value and planning process of Wikicamp Nepal 2018/19, and is open until 31 May 2019. The goals are to (1) build a shared understanding of the value of Wikicamp Nepal to help guide camp planning and evaluation, and (2) gather broad community input on what new form(s) Wikicamp Nepal 2019 could take. We'd like to hear from you on [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdymN5vLn4CNYu_sz_2pvdV380eigXqRwy-u5NK2xt6_X8BPw/viewform this multilingual survey form]. Select your language and please send us your response! If you have any question(s), feel free to contact: wikicampnepal[at]gmail.com or leave a message at: [[:m:Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018|Talk:Wikicamp Nepal 2018]]. Kindly help us spread and translate this message! Many thanks,<br /> &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''Tulsi Bhagat'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">contribs</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">talk</font>]])</small>,<br /> [[:m:Wikicamp Nepal 2018/Team|WCN2018 Organizing Team]]; Message sent using [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०४:४३, १७ मे २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tulsi_Bhagat/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=19103078 --> == जानकारी सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू, नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी]]मा नयाँ छलफल सुरू गरिएको हुनाले सो छलफलको निर्णय नआउञ्जेलसम्मका लागि तपाईद्वारा यस विकिपिडियामा रहेको [[विकिपिडिया:पञ्च स्तम्भ|पञ्च स्तम्भ]]को पालना गर्नुपर्नेछ साथै विकिपिडिया समुदायमा रहेको नीति विपरित कुनै पनि अनावश्यक काममा तपाईको संलग्नता रहेको पाइएमा तपाईलाई तत्काल विकिपिडिया सम्पादन गर्नबाट रोक लगाइने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:बिप्लब आनन्द|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:बिप्लब आनन्द|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:०७, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) * मैले यस विषयमा निर्जललाई जानकारी गराइसकेको छु, म यो पञ्च स्तम्भ के हो जान्दिन, मलाई १ महिना प्रतिबन्ध लगाउनुस् या नलगाउनुस् म जान्दिन, मैले आउँदो एसियाली महिनामा २५० बनाउने अठोट लिएको छु यदि मैले त्यती लेख्न सकिन भने भने म झुण्डिएर आत्महत्या गरेर मर्छु, मलाई पहिलोपटक प्रतिबन्ध किन लगाइयो। म चाहान्छु कि सबै प्रबन्धक मित्रहरू पनि मैले जस्तै आउँदो एसियाली महिनामा केही प्रतिबद्धता जयर गरून् न कि हामी जस्तो मोबाइल सम्पादकलाई दुख र सास्ती दिने, म प्रबन्धकहरूको उर्जा हेर्न चाहान्छु न कि चहलपहल म यहाँ भन्दा केही पनि कुरा अगाडि बढाउन चाहान्न, सबै प्रबन्धकहरू आफ्नो उर्जा र नेपाली विकिपिडिया प्रति माया र कयौं लेख लेखेको हेर्न म अातुर छु धन्यवाद-[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:३९, २८ जुन २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == शीघ्रातिशीघ्र माफी माग्न आह्वान == '''नमस्ते हिमालज्यु,''' ''प्रयोगकर्तालाई निषेध गर्ने छलफल''को [[Special:Diff/736286|निष्कर्ष आइसकेको]] छ। कृपया! हजुरलाई अनुरोध गर्दछु [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक सूचनापाटी#शीघ्रातिशीघ्र निर्णयको लागि अनुरोध|यहाँ गएर]] अनुच्छेदको तल्लो भागमा आफ्नो माफीनामा राख्नुहोला। माफीनामा नआएको खण्डमा हजुरलाई छलफलमा भने बमोजिम कम्तीमा १ महिनासम्मको लागि विकिपिडियाबाट निषेध गरिनेछ र निषेध फुकुवा गर्न निवेदन पनि राख्न पाउनु हुनेछैन। '''धन्यवाद!''' &mdash;&nbsp;[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">'''तुल्सी भगत'''</font>]] <small>([[Special:Contributions/Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">योगदान</font>]] &#124; [[User talk:Tulsi Bhagat|<font color="black">वार्ता</font>]])</small> ०४:४३, ४ जुलाई २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजक सम्बन्धमा == विकी क्याम्प नेपाल आयोजनमा एक गैह्रसरकारी संस्थाको संलग्नता भएको भन्ने सम्बन्धमा भई रहेको छलफलमा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(विविध)#विकी_क्याम्प_नेपाल_आयोजक_सम्बन्धमा|यहाँ]] गई आफ्नो विचार राख्नु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछु ।-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १८:४२, १० अगस्त २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == [[विकिथन-८ सहभागीहरू]] == नमस्ते हिमाल ज्यु, विकिथन-८ को सहभागीहरूको पृष्ठ बनाउदा यो गल्तीले बनेको होला, मैले मेटाउन हेलेको छ। धन्यवाद--[[User:BRPever|<font color="#FF00FF">B</font><font color="#FF7E00">R</font><font color="#00A300">P</font>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' १०:५१, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) :र मैले सहभागिता पृष्ठको लिंक छु।--[[User:BRPever|<font color="#FF00FF">B</font><font color="#FF7E00">R</font><font color="#00A300">P</font>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' १०:५९, १४ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == '''विकिथन-८''' == {{fmbox | image = [[चित्र:Wikithon 2018.png|90px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-ne.png|60px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> २०७६ सालको दशैं-तिहार-छठको अवसर पारेर नेपाली विकिपिडियाले २०७६ असोज १५ गतेदेखि कार्तिक १६ (छठ) सम्म आठौँ <big>'''नेपाली [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन|विकिथन]] कार्यक्रम'''</big> आयोजना गरेको छ। , सहभागी हुन चाहने विकिपिडियनहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८/सहभागीहरू|सहभागीताको लागि आफ्नो नाम दर्ता]] गराउनको लागी अनुरोध गरिन्छ । थप जानकारीको लागी [[विकिपिडिया:विकिथन-८|विकिथन-८]] मा हेर्नुहोस् ।</center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:Nabin K. Sapkota@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=740008 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना आमन्त्रण == <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|0|6px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.55)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९‎|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना]]<div style="margin-right:1em; float:right;">[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|link=]]</div></div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> गत वर्ष विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिनामा भाग लिनु भएकोमा धन्यवाद, र आशा गर्दछु कि तपाईंले यसको आनन्द लिनुभयो । पछिल्ला चार बर्षमा २,००० भन्दा बढी विकिपिडिया सम्पादकहरू द्वारा ६० भन्दा बढी भाषा-विशिष्ट विकिपिडियामा २८,००० भन्दा बढी उच्च-गुणका लेखहरू थपिएका छन् । निस्सन्देह, विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना सबैभन्दा ठूलो वार्षिक विकिपिडिया अनलाइन सम्पादन कार्यक्रम हो, र तपाईंले यसलाई बनाउनु भएको हो । हामी यो नोभेम्बरमा यस कार्यक्रमलाई फेरि आयोजना गर्दैछौं, र तपाईंलाई हामीसँग फेरि सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गर्न चाहन्छौं । यो वर्ष, हाम्रो मापदण्ड उही हो । यदि तपाईंले ४ लेख बनाउनु भयो भने पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ । लेखहरू ३,००० बाइट्स र ३०० शब्दहरू भन्दा बढी हुनु आवश्यक छ । हामी हाम्रो पोष्टकार्ड पठाउने प्रक्रियामा पनि सुधार गर्दैछौं, उदाहरणका लागि अहिले पोष्टकार्ड बनाउँदैछौं, र अन्य भाषाको प्रतीक्षा नगरीकन कार्यक्रम समाप्त भएपछि ठेगाना संकलन गर्दैछौं । प्रत्येक विकिपिडियामा सबैभन्दा धेरै लेखहरू बनाउने विकिपिडियनहरूलाई "विकिपिडिया एसियाली राजदूतहरू" भनेर सम्मान गरिनेछ । हामी राजदूत प्रमाणपत्रको दुबै डिजिटल प्रतिलिपि र कागज प्रतिलिपि पठाउनेछौं । <div style="text-align:center;"> <!-- Please edit the "URL" accordingly, especially the "section" number; thanks --> {{Clickable button 2|साइन अप गर्नुहोस्|url={{fullurl:{{{link|विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०१९/सहभागीहरू}}}|action=edit}} |class=mw-ui-progressive}} </div> विचारका लागि धन्यवाद! --[[User:Saroj Uprety|सरोज उप्रेती]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]])<br /> </div> </div> </div> — [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०९:३७, ३१ अक्टोबर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj_Uprety/SampleInvitation&oldid=19508878 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2019 == <div style="border:8px orange ridge;padding:6px;> [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Greetings! Thank you for organizing '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2019''' for your local Wikipedia language. For rules and guidelines, refer to [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Organiser Guidelines|this page]] on Meta. To reach out for support for the contest or ask any query, reach out to us on our [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Contact Us]] page. Our [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|International Team]] will be assisting you through out the contest duration. Thank you for your efforts in making this project successful. Best wishes, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|WAM 2019 International Team]] ::::Stay Updated [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/|50x50px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth|50x50px]] </div></div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:४६, २ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19515825 --> ==इमो== अचेल इमोमा अनलाइन आउदैनौ कि क्या हो हिमाल/पर्वत ???? == Extension of Wikipedia Asian Month contest == In consideration of a week-long internet block in Iran, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] contest has been extended for a week past November. The articles submitted till 7th December 2019, 23:59 UTC will be accepted by the fountain tools of the participating wikis. Please help us translate and spread this message in your local language. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month international team]]. --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:१२, २७ नोभेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19592097 --> == What's Next (WAM)! == Congratulations! The Wikipedia Asian Month has ended successfully and you've done amazing work of organizing. What we've got and what's next? *We have a total of 10,186 articles made during this edition and it's the highest of all time. *Make sure you judge all articles before December 20th, Once you finish the judging, please update [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Status|this page]]. *There will be two round of address collection scheduled: December 22th and December 27th 2019. *Please report the local Wikipedia Asian Ambassador (who has most accepted articles) on [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/Ambassadors|this page]], if the 2nd participants have more than 30 accepted articles, you will have two ambassadors. *In case you wondering how can you use the WAM tool (Fountain) in your own contest, contact the developer [[user:Ле Лой|Le Loy]] for more information. Best wishes, [[:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १७:३०, १४ डिसेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/WAM&oldid=19638067 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == Dear Participants and Organizers, Congratulations! It's WAM's honor to have you all participated in [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]], the fifth edition of WAM. Your achievements were fabulous, and all the articles you created make the world can know more about Asia in different languages! Here we, the WAM International team, would like to say thank you for your contribution also cheer for you that you are eligible for the postcard of Wikipedia Asian Month 2019. Please kindly fill [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the form], let the postcard can send to you asap! Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०८:१६, ३ जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19671656 --> == WAM 2019 Postcard == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Kindly remind you that we only collect the information for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|WAM]] postcard 31/01/2019 UTC 23:59. If you haven't filled [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdX75AmuQcIpt2BmiTSNKt5kLfMMJUePLzGcbg5ouUKQFNF5A/viewform the google form], please fill it asap. If you already completed the form, please stay tun, wait for the postcard and tracking emails. Cheers! Thank you and best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.01 [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) २०:५८, २० जनवरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19732202 --> == प्रमुख लेख आवेदन सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{USERPAGE}}ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा प्रमुख लेखको लागि प्राप्त [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू|आवेदनहरू]]लाई समीक्षा गरि आफ्नो मात राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट--[[User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] ०९:०६, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (युटिसी(UTC)) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=770358 --> == प्रस्तावित विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२० == विकिमिडियन मित्रहरू बीच छलफल, अन्तर विकि समन्वय तथा विकि समुदायको प्राथमिकता तथा चुनौतीहरूको बारेमा सहकार्यको लागी नेपालमा बोलिने भाषाहरूको समुदायहरूको सम्मेलन '''विकि क्याम्प नेपालको दोश्रो संस्करण'''-'''विकि क्याम्प नेपाल २०२०''' यही नोभेम्बर २०२० मा आयोजनाको लागी [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Conference/WikiCamp_Nepal_2020#Discussion मेटा]मा प्रस्ताव राखिएकोले कृपया सो प्रस्वातमा तपाईको सहमति राखि दिनु हुन अनुरोध गर्दछौं । - आयोजक समुह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771238 --> == <big>'''विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षण'''मा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा</big> == यो समुदाय संलग्नता सर्वेक्षणमा सहभागिताको लागि निमन्त्रणा हो, जुन विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० को आयोजनाको लागि विकिमिडिया फाउण्डेसनमा पेश गरिने आवेदनको मुख्य अङ्ग हो। यी प्रश्नहरूले विकिमिडियामा तपाईँको अनुभव, आवश्यकता, चुनौती, तथा विकिकार्यशाला नेपाल २०२० बाट अपेक्षाहरू सम्बन्धी जानकारीहरू हासिल गर्न सहयोग गर्नेछन्। यी प्रतिक्रियाहरूले विकिकार्यशालाको उद्देश्य तथा कार्यक्रमको प्रारूप थप स्पष्ट पार्न मद्दत गर्नेछ। <div class="notice metadata" id="stub" style="margin:auto; padding:5px; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; border: solid 1px #99CCFF; border-left: 8px solid #99CCFF;"> [[File:Form OneDrive icon.svg|25px]] '''सर्वेक्षण फाराम [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeJE3o-lTsCalCrKU3TDRr1jGYZZ1qp6GNagC3Y2GAXy1muVQ/viewform यहाँ] उपलब्ध छ'''। <span style="padding-left:250px;">सर्वेक्षण फाराम '''२५ फेब्रुअरी २०२०''' सम्म खुला रहनेछ।</span></div> आयोजक समूह <!-- Message sent by User:Nirjal stha@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nirjal_stha/list&oldid=771359 --> == तपाईको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Barnstar of Diligence Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मेहनती बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | प्रमुख लेखहरूमा राम्रो कार्यको लागि धन्यवाद। [[User:BRPever|<span style="color:#FF00FF;">B</span><span style="color:#FF7E00;">R</span><span style="color:#00A300;">P</span>]]'''^{<small>[[User talk:BRPever|'' ever'']]</small>}''' १३:१४, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२० (+0545) |} == WAM 2019 Postcard: All postcards are postponed due to the postal system shut down == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019|link=:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear all participants and organizers, Since the outbreak of COVID-19, all the postcards are postponed due to the shut down of the postal system all over the world. Hope all the postcards can arrive as soon as the postal system return and please take good care. Best regards, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.03 <!-- Message sent by User:Aldnonymous@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=19882731 --> == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडियाको नीति र दिशानिर्देशभित्र पर्ने एक महत्वपूर्ण नीति— [[विकिपिडिया:लेख शीर्षकहरू]] तैयारी अवस्थामा रहेकोले सो पृष्ठमा प्रस्ताव गरिएका बुँदाहरूलाई अध्ययन गरि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी (नीति)#विकिपिडिया:लेखशीर्षकहरू|यहाँ]] व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:५७, १८ अप्रिल २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:BoNM - Bangladesh Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''বাংলাদেশ বার্নস্টার''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" |প্রিয় হিমাল ভাই,<br /> নেপালী উইকিপিডিয়ায় বাংলাদেশ সংক্রান্ত নিবন্ধগুলো তৈরি করায় আপনাকে অসংখ্য ধন্যবাদ। আশা করি, এটা অব্যাহত রাখবেন।<br /> শুভকামনা রইল!<br /> [[User:Md. Golam Mukit Khan|Md. Golam Mukit Khan]] ([[User talk:Md. Golam Mukit Khan|कुरा गर्ने]]) ०६:३७, ६ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) |} == विकिपिडिया नीति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते विकी मित्र,<br> विकिपिडिया चौतारीमा प्रस्ताव गरिएको निम्न नीति सुधार प्रस्तावहरू— [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अन्य_प्रयोगकर्ता_अधिकारको_लागि_निवेदनको_लागि_समयसीमा|अन्य प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकारको लागि निवेदनको लागि समयसीमा]] र [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#पृष्ठ_स्थानान्तरण_सम्बन्धी_सहायता_पृष्ठको_आवश्यकता|पृष्ठ स्थानान्तरण सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठको आवश्यकता]] माथि कृप्या आफ्नो धारणा व्यक्त गर्न अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ०८:१५, ७ मे २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=791027 --> == June 2020 == [[File:Stop hand nuvola.svg|30px|alt=Stop icon]] यो तपाईँको लागि '''अन्तिम चेतावनी''' हो। यसपछि तपाईँद्वारा [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|पछाडि अनुप्रेषण नराखि पृष्ठ सारिएको]], कार्य भएमा , जस्तै तपाईँले यस [[:Module:Date]] पृष्ठमा गर्नुभएको छ। तपाईँलाई बिना कुनै सूचना '''[[विकिपिडिया:निषेध नीति|सम्पादन गर्नबाट अवरोधित]] गर्न सकिनेछ'''। '''तपाईँद्वारा गरिएको यस स्थानान्तरणले [https://tools.wmflabs.org/templatecount/index.php?lang=ne&namespace=828&name=Date#bottom २६१८ पृष्ठ]लाई असर पुगेको छ।'''<!-- Template:uw-move4 --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १४:३२, ११ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) * मैले बनाउँदै गरेको पृष्ठमा यस ढाँचा प्रयोगमा आउने भएकाले मैले नाम फेरेको हो।वास्तवमा भन्नु पर्दा यो ढाँचा बनाउनेहरूको गलती, सुरुदेखिनै नेपालीमा भएको भए यसलाई कसलै चलाउँथ्यो र? यसलाई त सुधार गर्न सकिन्छ। बरु यसका लागि एक ढाँचा सुधार थनको आयोजना गरि अगाडि बढ्न सकिन्छ। यस पृष्ठलाई सार्दा अरु पृष्ठलाई असर गर्छ भन्ने कुरा मलाई थाहा थियो तर पृष्ठ सार्ने बेला पछाडि एक अनुप्रेषण राख्ने भन्ने बाकसमा कालो रङ्ग देखियो र थिच्दा खेरी थिचिएको पनि थिएन। मलाई पनि थाहा थिइनकी अनुप्रेषण हट्छ भनेर तर दुर्घटनाबस अनुप्रेषण हट्यो। मैले फेरी ढाँचा डेटमा सार्न खोजेको थिएँ तर फेरी पनि अनुप्रेषण राख्ने भन्ने बाकस थिचिएन यही समस्याले गर्दा पृष्ठबाट अनुप्रेषण हटेको हो तर यस्तो समस्या कसरी आयो भन्ने कुरा मलाई थाहा छैन-[[User:हिमाल सुबेदी|हिमाल सुबेदी]] ([[User talk:हिमाल सुबेदी|कुरा गर्ने]]) १५:५८, ११ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == पृष्ठ सार्ने सम्बन्धमा सल्लाह सुझाव == नमस्ते {{U|हिमाल सुबेदी}} ज्यू,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा विगत २ वर्षदेखि निरन्तर सम्पादन गर्दै आउनुभएकोमा धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। यहाँले नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[वि:प्रमुख लेख|प्रमुख लेख]] व्यवस्थापन तथा निर्माणमा देखाउनुभएको उर्जा र गतिशीलता सराहनीय रहेको कारणले नै यहाँलाई समुदायिक छलफलद्वारा ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार दिइएको थियो। नेपाली विकिपिडियामा लेखहरूको शीर्षक कस्तो हुनुपर्छ वा राख्ने सम्बन्धमा नीति नभएकोले समुदायले [[वि:लेख शीर्षक|लेख शीर्षक]] नीतिलाई [[:Special:Diff/808429|बहुमतले पास]] गरि लागू गर्नुका साथै [[वि:स्थानान्तरण|स्थानान्तरण]] सम्बन्धी सहायता पृष्ठ निर्माण नभएसम्मको लागि छलफलको आधारमा मात्र पृष्ठको [[:Special:Diff/814282|शीर्षक परिवर्तन]] गर्नुपर्ने नीति बनाएको यहाँलाई अवगत नै हुनुपर्ने हो। विकिपिडिया जो सुकैले सम्पादन गर्न सक्ने स्वतन्त्र थलो भएतापनि समुदायले लागू गरिसकेको नीति र नियमलाई पालना गर्ने दायित्वपनि हामि सबैको हो। तपाईँ सक्रिय तथा विश्वनीय प्रयोगकर्ता हुनुका साथै यस विकिपिडियामा विशेष अधिकार राख्नुभएको छ जसको प्रयोग सन्तुलित र न्यायोचित हुनुपर्छ। सबै प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको आ-आफ्नो विशेष काम गर्ने शैली र व्यवहार भएतापनि सबैजना समुदायको नीति र नियमको अधीनमा रहेका छन्। अस्ति तपाईँको पृष्ठ [[:Special:Diff/822089|सार्ने क्रिया]]ले २६०० भन्दा बढी पृष्ठलाई असर पुगेको थियो जसपछि मैले यहाँलाई चेतावनी सन्देश पठाएको थिए। पृष्ठको शीर्षकलाई परिवर्तन गर्नको लागि वार्तालाप मात्रै विकल्प भएकोले (नीति लागू) तपाईँले अब उपरान्त कुनैपनि पृष्ठलाई बिना छलफल सार्नुभएको लग देखिएमा [[विकिपिडिया:प्रबन्धक|प्रबन्धक]]ले यहाँसँग रहेको ढाँचा सम्पादकको अधिकार हटाउने व्यहोरा जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। ढाँचा तथा मोड्युललाई देवनागरी शीर्षकमा राख्ने वा नराख्ने विषयमा सामुदायिक छलफल हुनुपर्छ गरिनुपर्छ तर समुदायको कुनै ठोस निर्णय नआएसम्म पहिलदेखि चलिआएको विकी परम्परालाई नै प्राथमिकता दिनुपर्ने सर्वमान्य तर्क छ। तपाईँसँग विश्वका विभिन्न भाषाको ज्ञान भएतापनि तपाईँले सोझै बिना कुनै वार्तालाप गरि पृष्ठको शीर्षक सुधार गर्नुभएमा (मुख्यतया पछाडि [[:Special:Log/move/हिमाल_सुबेदी|अनुप्रेषण नराखि]] सार्ने क्रिया गरेको देखिएको छ) त्यो एकल निर्णय सरह देखिन्छ तसर्थ यस विषयमा अबदेखि सजग भएर नीति नियम पुगाएर क्रिया गर्न सल्लाह दिन चाहन्छु। [[वार्तालाप:बङ्गलादेश|यस वार्तालाप]]को निर्णय नआएतापनि तपाईँले अनुरोध गरेको शीर्षककै नाममा विभिन्न नयाँ पृष्ठ निर्माण गर्नुभएको छ, वार्तालाप हुँदैगर्दा तपाईँ त्यसको निर्णय नआउनञ्जेलसम्म पर्खनुपर्ने थियो जुन हुनसकेन, गर्नुभएन। विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ताको लागि विकिपिडियाको पृष्ठ जति महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ त्यस पृष्ठको इतिहास त्योभन्दा बढि महत्वपूर्ण हुन्छ तसर्थ पृष्ठ सार्नुपूर्व विभिन्न पक्ष औल्याउनुपर्ने हुन्छ। पृष्ठ बनाउनुहोस्, सल्लाह सुझाव लिनुहोस्/दिनुहोस्, सामुदायिक वार्तालापमा सहभागी हुनुहोस् र नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराईलाई बढाउने जुन परिवर्तनकारी सोच/प्रण लिनुभएको छ त्यसलाई पूरा गर्ने दिशामा अगाडि बढ्नुहोस्। यहाँ हुने कुनै पनि सामुदायिक वार्तालापको निर्णय तपाईँले सोचेको समयमा नआउला यसको अर्थ तपाईँले आफ्नो धैर्यता गुमाइदिने कि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिने- अवश्यपनि निर्णयको लागि पर्खिनुपर्छ। हामि सबैले अन्ततः यो विकिपिडियालाई सबै पक्षबाट स्तरीय बनाउने कोसिस गर्दैछौँ यसमा सबैको सहयोगको आवश्यकता छ। अन्त्यमा, हामि सबै यहाँ एउटै सोच लिएर अगाडि बढ्दै यात्रा गरिरहेका छौँ तसर्थ मेरो सल्लाहलाई आत्मसात गर्दै विकिपिडियामा आफ्नो योगदानलाई निरन्तरता दिदैँ अगाडि बढ्नुहुनेछ भनि आशासहित धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:५४, १३ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय) == Digital Postcards and Certifications == [[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=M:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2019|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2019]] Dear Participants and Organizers, Because of the COVID19 pandemic, there are a lot of countries’ international postal systems not reopened yet. We would like to send all the participants digital postcards and digital certifications for organizers to your email account in the upcoming weeks. For the paper ones, we will track the latest status of the international postal systems of all the countries and hope the postcards and certifications can be delivered to your mailboxes as soon as possible. Take good care and wish you all the best. <small>This message was sent by [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2019/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:४३, २१ जुन २०२० (नेपाली समय)</small> <!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2019_Postcard&oldid=20024482 --> == सुझाव == नमस्कार हिमाल जी! हालैमात्र तपाईंले विकिपिडियाको नियम विपरीत रहेर काम गर्नुभएको रहेछ। तपाईंले लेखलाई प्रमुख बनाउने क्रममा मैले प्रमुख लेख समन्वय समितिको तर्फबाट राखेको हस्ताक्षरलाई मेट्नु भएछ जुन कुनै पनि हालतमा स्वीकार्य छैन। लेखमा एकचोटि समन्वय समितिको सदस्यको हस्ताक्षर भैसकेको पछी कसैले पनि त्यस हस्ताक्षरलाई हटाएर आफ्नो हस्ताक्षर राख्न पाउदैनन्। लेखमा सिफारिस र स्वीकृत मिति एउटै हुनुहुन्न भन्ने कुरा तपाईंले राम्रोसँग जान्नु पर्छ। हस्ताक्षर त हटाउनु भयो तर अर्काको हस्ताक्षर किन त्यहाँ राख्नु भयो भन्ने कुरामा म अचम्मित छु। तपाईंले मेरो हस्ताक्षर हटाएर पर्वत जीको हस्ताक्षर प्रयोग गर्नु भएको छ। यहाँ [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82/%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95&curid=113950&diff=842893&oldid=840866 1] र [https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE/%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%AD%E0%A5%AD&diff=prev&oldid=842901 2] हेर्नुस्। तपाइँको आफ्नै हस्ताक्षर हुदाहुदै अर्काको किन प्रयोग गरि रहनु भएको छ। तपाईं एउटा कुरा याद राख्नुहोस् कि जसले लेख आवेदन गर्छ त्यसको हस्ताक्षर हुनु पर्नेछ भन्ने कुनै नियममा लेखिएको छैन। कृपया यस गलतीलाई सुधार गर्दै मेरो हस्ताक्षर पुनः राख्नुहोस् र पर्वत जी को हस्ताक्षर हटाएर आफ्नो हस्ताक्षर राख्नुहोस्। भविष्यमा यस्तो गलती नदोहोर्‍याउन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद। - [[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १६:५७, ७ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==नेपाली भाषा== हिमाल भाइ नेपालीमा ओठ-समक्रमण भन्ने शब्द छैन। बनाएको शब्द भन्दा अङ्ग्रेजी भाषाको लिप-सिन्क नै प्रचलनमा छ। श्रव्य-दृश्यको दुनियामा त्यही भाषा प्रयोग हुन्छ। फेरि गाउँको गोठालोदेखि एक वर्षको बालकले बुझ्ने भिडियो शब्दको नेपाली रूप श्रव्य-दृश्य नभएर भिडियो नै हो। त्यस्तै टिकटकलाई तिकतोक भन्दैनन् भने भने गल्ति हो। के गर्ने लाई क्यार्नी भन्छन् भनेर लेख्ने हो र? -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> ०६:२२, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेखबाट सामग्री हटाएको == हिमाल भाई [[ग्रीस]] लेखबाट तिमीले लेखमा भएको सामग्री हटाई अनुप्रेषण गर्नुको कारण के हो? तिमीले गरको चाहीँ उत्कृष्ट हुने अरुले लेखेको चाहीँ अर्थहिन हुने हो र? पहिला अरूको योगदानको कदर गरौँ। यदी तिमीलाई कुनै लेख गाभ्नु पर्ने लागेमा त्यसको लागि बनेको नियमको पालना गर्दै अनुरोध गर्न सकिने व्यबस्था छैन र? --[[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] १५:५६, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==दूरदर्शनको अर्थ== मेरो नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोशमा यस्तो छ: "ना० १. टाढासम्म दृष्टि पुर्याउने वा त्यहाँका दृश्यहरू अवलोकन गर्ने काम । २.पछिसम्मका कुराको सोचाइ वा सम्झाइ । ३. बिजुलीको यन्त्रद्वारा टाढाको वस्तु, दृश्य, कार्यक्रम आदिलाई प्रदर्शित गर्ने काम ।४. त्यस्तो कार्यक्रमको प्रदर्शन गर्ने यन्त्र; बोल्ने, गाउने व्यक्तिहरूको स्वर सुन्नुका साथसाथै उनीहरूको अनुहार तथा हाउभाउ पनि देखिने रेडियोका ढाँचाको एक वैज्ञानिक उपकरण; टेलिभिजन।" :टेलिभिजन नेपाली शब्द हो। यस्ता शब्दलाई तत्सम शब्द भन्छन्। दूरदर्शन एउटा बहुअर्थ भएको शब्द हो। लेख्य भाषामा बहुअर्थ दिने शब्द लेख्नु ठीक हुन्न। नेपालमा तिमी बाहेक अरू कसले टेलिभिजनलाई दूरदर्शन भन्छन्? -<b>[[File:Krish Signature.png|50px|link=User:Krish Dulal]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#0000FF">'''DU'''</font>]][[User:Krish Dulal|<font color="#FF0000">'''LAL'''</font>]] ([[User talk:Krish Dulal|मसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])</b> २१:२१, ८ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) ==[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस विमान १३४४ दुर्घटना]]को लागि प्रमुख समाचार मान्यता== {{ivmbox |1=८ अगस्त २०२० मा '''[[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार|प्रमुख समाचार]]'''लाई अद्यावधिक गरिएको छ जुन लेख '''[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस विमान १३४४ दुर्घटना]]'''बाट लिइएको हो जसलाई तपाईँले बनाउनुभएको वा व्यापक सुधार गर्नुभएको थियो। यदि तपाईँको ध्यानमा प्रमुख समाचारको लागि कुनै उपयुक्त हालसालै सिर्जना गरिएको वा अद्यावधिक गरिएको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/मापदण्ड|लेख]]को बारेमा थाहा छ भने कृपया त्यस लेखलाई [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख समाचार/उम्मेदवार]]मा नामाङ्कन गर्नुहोला।--[[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:२२, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) |2=[[Image:Gnome globe current event.svg|50px|Current events globe]] |imagesize=50px }} == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Team Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''सहकार्य बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | [[रागिनी उपाध्याय‎]] लेखमा यहाँको योगदानको लागि कदर स्वरूप-- [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] २०:०२, १० अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) |} == अन्तिम चेतावनी == हिमाल जी,<br> हिजोदेखि सफाई अभियान थाल्नु भए जस्तो छ। प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन गर्ने सामाग्री, अनावश्यक सामग्री हटाएको लगायत सम्पादन शारांश देखे। केही चित्तबुझ्दो क्रिया देखे भने धेरैजसो एकहोरो सम्पादन क्रिया देखियो। सफाईको नाउँमा अरु प्रयोगकर्ताको लेखन सामग्री हटाइदिने क्रियाकलाप तत्काल बन्द गर्नुहोस्। प्रतिलिपि अधिकार उल्लङ्घन गर्ने सामग्री भेट्नुभएको खण्डमा त्यसलाई चिनो लगाउनुहोस्। याद राख्नुहोस् अनावश्यक सामग्री हटाएपछि लेख सुधार गर्ने दायित्व तपाईँको हुनेछ। लेख शीर्षक सुधार वार्तालापमा छोटो र मिठो टिप्पणी लेख्नहोस्। आजदेखि लेखबाट चिनो हटाउने काम नगर्नुहोला, सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता भएको कारणले कुनै प्रयोगकर्ताले जिज्ञासा प्रश्न सोधेमा प्रतिक्रिया दिनुहोस्। र अन्त्यमा माथि उल्लेखित कार्य बन्द गरेको पाइएन भने तपाईँलाई निषेध गर्नुबाहेकको कुनै विकल्प नरहेको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १९:०९, २१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == मुख्य लेख सम्बन्धमा!! == {{Talkback|विकिपिडिया:प्रमुख लेख/आवेदनहरू/आम्पान महाचक्रवात}}[[User:Big Hero|Big Hero]] ([[User talk:Big Hero|कुरा गर्ने]]) १२:५५, २२ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == सावधान == हिमाल सुबेदी,<br/> कृपया भूगोल तथा उल्लेखनीय विषयहरूसँग सम्बन्धित लेखहरूलाई मेट्न चिनो लगाउने काम तत्काल बन्द गर्नुहोस्। सकिन्छ भने सुधार गरौं सुधार गर्न नसके लेखमा भएको कमजोरी औल्याउनुहोला। विकल्पहरू धेरै छन् हेर्नुहोला। पुन: मैले भन्न नपर्ने गरि यो काम रोक्नुहोला, लेखलाई स्वयं लेखक वा अन्य सम्पादकले सुधार गर्नेछन्। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १४:१०, ३१ अगस्त २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिताको लागि आमन्त्रण == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा वि.सं. २०७७ असोज १ गतेदेखि वि.सं. २०७७ असोज ३० गतेसम्म यस विकिपिडियाको लेखहरू सुधार गर्न <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगिता सञ्चालन हुन गइरहेकोले प्रतियगितामा सहभागी हुनका लागि आफ्नो नाम '''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/सहभागीहरू|सहभागी सूचीमा]]''' राख्न हार्दिक अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=910906 --> == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ००:३८, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2020|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020|Wikipedia Asian Month 2020]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/Organiser Guidelines|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[:m:Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2020'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2020 is coming soon!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki or PM us via facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month/QA|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Due to the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/WAM2020 postcards and certification deliver progress (for tracking)|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''jamie@asianmonth.wiki'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2020 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2020/International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2020.10</div> <!-- Message sent by User:KOKUYO@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WAM_2020&oldid=20508138 --> == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == शीमे चिनो लगाएको सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते हिमाल,<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको विकासमा यहाँको निरन्तर योगदानको लागि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। मेरो विचारमा यहाँ जस्तो अनुभवी र जिम्मेवार प्रयोगकर्ताले आज विभिन्न लेखहरूमा शीमे चिनो लगाउने [[विशेष:Contributions/हिमाल_सुबेदी|कार्य]]ले चकित बन्न पुगेको छु। [[विकिपिडिया:शीमे|शीमे]] चिनो लगाउन चाहिने आधार सम्बन्धमा थप अध्ययन गर्नुहोला। हाम्रो विकिपिडियामा विभिन्न मर्मत चिनो उपलब्ध रहेकोले त्यसको उपयोग गर्न सकिन्छ जसले गर्दा लेख निर्माणकर्ताले लेखलाई सुधार गर्ने मौका पाउनेछन्। नेपाली विकिपिडियाको गहिराइ बढाउने नाममा यस्ता गतिविधिलाई तत्काल बन्द गर्नहुन यसै सन्देसमार्फत जानकारी गराउँदै भविष्यमा यस्ता गतिविधि दोहिरिएको खण्डमा ३ महिनाको लागि विकिपिडिया सम्पादनबाट रोक लगाइने जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु। आशा छ तपाईँले यो सन्देस गम्भीरतापूर्वक लिनुहुनेछ। धन्यवाद--[[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] १३:४१, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == [[:नेपाल नाग]] मेटाउनको लागि नामाङ्कित == <div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div>यो '''[[:नेपाल नाग]]''' लेख यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू|नीति]] अनुसार समावेश गर्न '''उपयुक्त भए/नभएको छलफल''' चलिरहेको छ। लेख उपयुक्त नभएको खण्डमा [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|पृष्ठ मेटाइने]] छ। तपाईँ लगायत जो कोहिलाई पनि यस [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाउनु पर्ने लेखहरू|नेपाल नाग]] छलफलमा आफ्नो धारणा राख्न स्वागत छ। नामाङ्कन छलफल यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू|नीति र निर्देशन]]को अधीनमा रहेर गर्नुपर्नेछ। तपाईँ यस लेखलाई सुधार सहित सम्पादन गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। तर, लेखको शीर्षपाठमा रहेको '''लेख मेटाउने सूचना''' नहटाउनुहोला।<!-- Template:afd-notice --> [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] १०:४७, २५ डिसेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <center>'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</center> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) ११:१३, २० जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj_Uprety/MassMessage&oldid=985625 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == तपाईँको लेख [[बङ्गलादेशका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची]]== [[Image:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] तपाईलाई स्वागत छ र विकिपिडियामा [[Special:Contributions/हिमाल सुबेदी|हजुरको योगदान]]का the page [[:बङ्गलादेशका प्रधानमन्त्रीहरूको सूची]] लागि धन्यवाद ! तपाईले विकिपिडियामा थप गर्नुभएको पृष्ठ ''नेपाली'' संस्करणमा छ । यो नेपाली भाषाको लेख होइन । यस लेखलाई नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्न हामी तपाईंलाई अनुरोध गर्दछौं । यसलाई [[विकिपिडिया:नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्नु आवश्यक पृष्ठहरू|नेपालीमा अनुवाद गर्नु आवश्यक पृष्ठहरू]]मा सूचीबद्ध गरिएको छ र अर्को दुई हप्ता भित्र अनुवाद नगिरएमा लेख मेटिनेछन् । धन्यवाद ! <!-- Template:uw-notenglish --> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०७:४९, २१ फेब्रुअरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन सामुदायिक समिति सिट: प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठक == विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन न्यासी समितिले सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी १ देखि मार्च १ सम्म सामुदायिक चयन प्रक्रियाहरूको बारेमा प्रतिक्रियाको लागि बैठकको आयोजना गरिरहेको छ। विकिमिडिया फाउन्डेसन र विकिमिडिया अभियान विगत १० बर्षमा लगभग पाँच गुणाले वृद्धि भएको छ भने यसको समितिको संरचना र प्रक्रियाहरू मूल रूपमा उस्तै रहिरहेको छ। वर्तमान समितिको संरचनामा हाम्रो क्षमता, प्रदर्शन, र अभियानको विविधता अनुसार प्रतिनिधित्वको अभाव एउटा समस्याको रूपमा रहेको छ। प्रत्यक्ष निर्वाचनले गर्दा अग्रणी भाषा समुदायका उम्मेदवारहरूको पक्ष लिने गरेको छ र उनीहरूको सीप र अनुभवद्वारा समिति सदस्यको रूपमा सेवा दिन कतिको सान्दर्भिक हुन सक्छ वा समितिको विशिष्ट उत्तरदायित्वहरू निर्वाह गर्ने क्षमतामा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेको छ। तथ्यहरूलाई नियाल्दा वर्तमान प्रक्रियाहरूले उत्तर अमेरिका र पश्चिम युरोपका स्वयंसेवकहरूको पक्ष लिएको छ। वास्तवमा भन्ने हो भने, दक्षिण एसियाबाट अहिलेसम्मको इतिहासमा हेर्दा जम्मा एक जना सदस्यले मात्र समितिमा स्थान बनाउन सकेको छ। आउँदो महिनाहरूमा हामीलाई तीन सामुदायिक सिटहरू नवीकरण गर्नुपर्नेछ र नयाँ सिटमा तीन थप समुदायिक सदस्यहरू नियुक्त गर्नुपर्नेछ। यो प्रतिक्रियात्मक बैठकमा हामीहरू सबै मिलेर हाम्रो अभियानलाई कसरी प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने र अनुभव, सीप, र विश्वासका साथ अन्तरदृष्टिसहित तैयार भएका उम्मेदवारहरू छनौट गर्न प्रारूप रेखा तयार गर्न सक्छौं? यस सम्बन्धमा, प्रस्तावित विचारहरूमाथि छलफल गर्न र हामी हाम्रो विचारहरू साझा गर्न, प्रतिक्रिया दिन र प्रक्रियामा योगदान दिनको लागि सामुदायिक छलफल गर्नु राम्रो हुनेछ। यसै विषयमा छलफल गर्न, हामीले यही मार्च १३ को साँझ ७ बजे देखि ८ बजेसम्म बैठक आयोजित भइरहेको छ। बैठकको कडी निम्नलिखित रहेको छ: https://meet.google.com/ugf-xyyk-ifi नेपालसँग सम्बन्धित भाषाहरूमा योगदान पुर्‍याइरहेका सम्पूर्ण भाषाका विकिपिडियन र विकिमिडियनलाई यो बैठकमा आफ्नो विचार राख्न स्वागत गरिन्छ। धन्यवाद, [[User:KCVelaga (WMF)]], ११:४२, ७ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21193233 --> ==[[जिएस पौडेल]] [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्तावित]]== [[File:Ambox warning yellow.svg|left|link=|48px|]] यो [[जिएस पौडेल]] लेख [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव|मेटाउन प्रस्ताव]] गरिएको छ । किनकि यसले कुनै [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] वा सन्दर्भहरू उल्लेख गर्दैन । [[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी हटाउने प्रस्ताव#आपत्ति|विकिपिडिया नीति]] अनुरूप, '''[[विकिपिडिया:जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी|जीवित मानिसहरूको जीवनी]]'''ले, यदि सात दिन भित्र कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिन्छ । यदि तपाईंले सिर्जना गर्नुभएको पृष्ठलाई शीघ्र हटाउनेको लागि ट्याग गरिएको छ भने, तपाईं त्यो पृष्ठमा सुधार गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ वा सम्बन्धित वार्ता पृष्ठमा तपाईको तर्क बुझाउन सक्नुहुन्छ । सन्दर्भहरू सम्मिलित गर्न मद्दतको लागि, [[विकिपिडिया:नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने|नयाँ पृष्ठ कसरी आरम्भ गर्ने]], हेर्नुहोस् । एक पटक तपाईंले कम्तीमा एक [[विकिपिडिया:स्रोत उल्लेख|स्रोत]] प्रदान गर्नुभएको छ भने, तपाईँले {{tl|prod blp/dated}} ट्याग हटाउन सक्नुहुनेछ । '''कम्तिमा एक विश्वसनीय स्रोत प्रदान नभएसम्म, कृपया, ट्याग नहटाउनु होला ।''' यदि सात दिन भित्र तपाईँले कुनै स्रोतको उल्लेख नगरेमा लेख मेट्न सकिनेछ । तर तपाइँ एक स्रोत थप्न तयार हुनुहुन्छ भने, {{#ifexist:जिएस पौडेल|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ|[[विकिपिडिया:नमेटाउनका लागि अनुरोधहरू|नहटाउन अनुरोध गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]}} ।<!-- Template:ProdwarningBLP --> [[User:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;"><font color="#000">'''''निर्मल दुलाल'''''</font></span>]]&nbsp;[[User Talk:Nirmal Dulal|<span style="text-shadow:gray 3px 3px 2px;">^{(<font color="#0272FD">कुरा गर्नुहोस</font>)}</span>]] १०:०७, २६ मार्च २०२१ (नेपाली समय) == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Hi [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month|Wikipedia Asian Month]] organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[Wikipedia Asian Month 2021]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://fountain.toolforge.org/editathons/ Fountain tool]''' (you can find the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month/Fountain tool|usage guidance]] easily on meta page), or else you and your participants' will not be able to receive the prize from Wikipedia Asian Month team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[m:Template:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Communities and Organizers|meta page]] before '''October 29th, 2021'''. # Inform your community members Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 is coming soon!!! # If you want Wikipedia Asian Month team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth Twitter], or you want to share your Wikipedia Asian Month experience / achievements on [https://asianmonth.wiki/ our blog], feel free to send an email to [mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki] or PM us via Facebook. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to Wikipedia Asian Month, a.k.a. [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Events|Wikipedia Asian Month sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Rules#How to Participate in Contest?|event regulations]] and [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let's edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from Wikipedia Asian Month team:''' # Due to the [[m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic, this year we hope all the Edit-a-thons are online not physical ones. # The international postal systems are not stable enough at the moment, Wikipedia Asian Month team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers extra digital postcards/ certifications. (You will still get the paper ones!) # Our team has created a [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Postcards and Certification|meta page]] so that everyone tracking the progress and the delivery status. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the Wikipedia Asian Month team via emailing '''[Mailto:info@asianmonth.wiki info@asianmonth.wiki]''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it's urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''[Mailto:&#x20;Jamie@asianmonth.wiki jamie@asianmonth.wiki]'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2021 Sincerely yours, [[m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2021/Team#International Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]], 2021.10 </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Reke@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=20538644 --> == [[खड्का]]मा [[User:Nim Bahadur khadka|Nim Bahadur khadka]]को प्रश्न (२०:५२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२२) == नमस्कार पुवर खड्काहरु प्युठान रोल्पा जिल्लाको केही ठाउँमा ठूलो संख्यामा रहेका छ्न --[[User:Nim Bahadur khadka|Nim Bahadur khadka]] ([[User talk:Nim Bahadur khadka|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == You are invited to join/orginize Wikipedia Asain Month 2022 ! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">[[File:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg|link=m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022|right|217x217px|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]] Hi WAM organizers and participants! Hope you are all doing well! Now is the time to sign up for [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022|Wikipedia Asian Month 2022]], which will take place in this November. '''For organizers:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Rules|basic guidance and regulations]] for organizers. Please remember to: # use '''[https://outreachdashboard.wmflabs.org/campaigns/wikipedia_asian_month_2022/overview/ Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Programs & Events Dashboard.]''' , or else you and your participants’ will not be able to receive the prize from WAM team. # Add your language projects and organizer list to the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Communities and Organizers|meta page]] 1 week before '''your campaign start date'''. # Inform your community members WAM 2022 is coming!!! # If you want WAM team to share your event information on [https://www.facebook.com/wikiasianmonth/ Facebook] / [https://twitter.com/wikiasianmonth twitter], or you want to share your WAM experience/ achievements on our blog, feel free to send an email to info@asianmonth.wiki. If you want to hold a thematic event that is related to WAM, a.k.a. [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#Subcontests|WAM sub-contest]]. The process is the same as the language one. '''For participants:''' Here are the [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022#How to Participate in Contest|event regulations]] and [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/FAQ|Q&A information]]. Just join us! Let’s edit articles and win the prizes! '''Here are some updates from WAM team:''' # Based on the [[:m:COVID-19|COVID-19]] pandemic situation in different region, this year we still suggest all the Edit-a-thons are online, but you are more then welcome to organize local offline events. # The international postal systems are not stable, WAM team have decided to send all the qualified participants/ organizers a [[:m:Wikipedia Asian Month 2022/Barnstars|digital Barnstars]]. If you have any suggestions or thoughts, feel free to reach out the WAM team via emailing '''info@asianmonth.wiki''' or discuss on the meta talk page. If it’s urgent, please contact the leader directly ('''reke@wikimedia.tw'''). Hope you all have fun in Wikipedia Asian Month 2022 Sincerely yours, [[:m:Wikipedia_Asian_Month_2022/Team|Wikipedia Asian Month International Team]] 2022.10</div> </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Joycewikiwiki@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Organisers&oldid=23975688 --> == [[User:रमन वन|रमन वन]]बाट प्रश्न (०९:५१, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२) == यस विकिपिडियामा तस्वीर कसरी राख्ने ? --[[User:रमन वन|रमन वन]] ([[User talk:रमन वन|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०९:५१, ३ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) == WikiConference India 2023: Program submissions and Scholarships form are now open == Dear Wikimedian, We are really glad to inform you that '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]''' has been successfully funded and it will take place from 3 to 5 March 2023. The theme of the conference will be '''Strengthening the Bonds'''. We also have exciting updates about the Program and Scholarships. The applications for scholarships and program submissions are already open! You can find the form for scholarship '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Scholarships|here]]''' and for program you can go '''[[:m:WikiConference India 2023/Program Submissions|here]]'''. For more information and regular updates please visit the Conference [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta page]]. If you have something in mind you can write on [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. ‘‘‘Note’’’: Scholarship form and the Program submissions will be open from '''11 November 2022, 00:00 IST''' and the last date to submit is '''27 November 2022, 23:59 IST'''. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:१०, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24082246 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Help us organize! == Dear Wikimedian, You may already know that the third iteration of [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023|WikiConference India]] is happening in March 2023. We have recently opened [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Scholarships|scholarship applications]] and [[:m:WikiConference_India_2023/Program_Submissions|session submissions for the program]]. As it is a huge conference, we will definitely need help with organizing. As you have been significantly involved in contributing to Wikimedia projects related to Indic languages, we wanted to reach out to you and see if you are interested in helping us. We have different teams that might interest you, such as communications, scholarships, programs, event management etc. If you are interested, please fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdN7EpOETVPQJ6IG6OX_fTUwilh7MKKVX75DZs6Oj6SgbP9yA/viewform?usp=sf_link this form]. Let us know if you have any questions on the [[:m:Talk: WikiConference_India_2023|event talk page]]. Thank you [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:०६, १८ नोभेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) (on behalf of the WCI Organizing Committee) <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24094749 --> == WikiConference India 2023: Open Community Call and Extension of program and scholarship submissions deadline == Dear Wikimedian, Thank you for supporting Wiki Conference India 2023. We are humbled by the number of applications we have received and hope to learn more about the work that you all have been doing to take the movement forward. In order to offer flexibility, we have recently extended our deadline for the Program and Scholarships submission- you can find all the details on our [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|Meta Page]]. COT is working hard to ensure we bring together a conference that is truly meaningful and impactful for our movement and one that brings us all together. With an intent to be inclusive and transparent in our process, we are committed to organizing community sessions at regular intervals for sharing updates and to offer an opportunity to the community for engagement and review. Following the same, we are hosting the first Open Community Call on the 3rd of December, 2022. We wish to use this space to discuss the progress and answer any questions, concerns or clarifications, about the conference and the Program/Scholarships. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call * '''WCI 2023 Open Community Call''' * '''Date''': 3rd December 2022 * '''Time''': 1800-1900 (IST) * '''Google Link'''': https://meet.google.com/cwa-bgwi-ryx Furthermore, we are pleased to share the email id of the conference contact@wikiconferenceindia.org which is where you could share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions and someone from the COT will reach out to you. Alternatively, leave us a message on the Conference [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०६, २ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Core organizing team. <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_scholarships_and_program&oldid=24083503 --> == WikiConference India 2023:WCI2023 Open Community call on 18 December 2022 == Dear Wikimedian, As you may know, we are hosting regular calls with the communities for [[:m:WikiConference India 2023|WikiConference India 2023]]. This message is for the second Open Community Call which is scheduled on the 18th of December, 2022 (Today) from 7:00 to 8:00 pm to answer any questions, concerns, or clarifications, take inputs from the communities, and give a few updates related to the conference from our end. Please add the following to your respective calendars and we look forward to seeing you on the call. * [WCI 2023] Open Community Call * Date: 18 December 2022 * Time: 1900-2000 [7 pm to 8 pm] (IST) * Google Link: https://meet.google.com/wpm-ofpx-vei Furthermore, we are pleased to share the telegram group created for the community members who are interested to be a part of WikiConference India 2023 and share any thoughts, inputs, suggestions, or questions. Link to join the telegram group: https://t.me/+X9RLByiOxpAyNDZl. Alternatively, you can also leave us a message on the [[:m:Talk:WikiConference India 2023|Conference talk page]]. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:५६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२२ (नेपाली समय) <small> On Behalf of, WCI 2023 Organizing team </small> <!-- Message sent by User:Nitesh Gill@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2023_active_users,_organizing_teams&oldid=24099166 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:२०, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == Translation request == Hello. Can you translate and upload the article [[:en:Laacher See]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Multituberculata|Multituberculata]] ([[User talk:Multituberculata|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:११, १२ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुबेदी. Can you translate and upload the article about the prominent Turkish economist [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Kindest regards, [[User:Moroike|Moroike]] ([[User talk:Moroike|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:०६, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय) == Invitation to Participate in the Wikimedia SAARC Conference Community Engagement Survey == Dear Community Members, I hope this message finds you well. Please excuse the use of English; we encourage translations into your local languages to ensure inclusivity. We are conducting a Community Engagement Survey to assess the sentiments, needs, and interests of South Asian Wikimedia communities in organizing the inaugural Wikimedia SAARC Regional Conference, proposed to be held in Kathmandu, Nepal. This initiative aims to bring together participants from eight nations to collaborate towards shared goals. Your insights will play a vital role in shaping the event's focus, identifying priorities, and guiding the strategic planning for this landmark conference. Survey Link: https://forms.gle/en8qSuCvaSxQVD7K6 We kindly request you to dedicate a few moments to complete the survey. Your feedback will significantly contribute to ensuring this conference addresses the community's needs and aspirations. Deadline to Submit the Survey: 20 January 2025 Your participation is crucial in shaping the future of the Wikimedia SAARC community and fostering regional collaboration. Thank you for your time and valuable input. Warm regards,<br> [[:m:User:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=28078122 --> == [[User:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]]बाट प्रश्न (१९:०१, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२५) == नमस्कार ! विकिपेडियामा कसरि लेखा लेख्ने होला शुरु गर्ना आइडिया नै आएन --[[User:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]] ([[User talk:Dharbindra BK|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:०१, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :@[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Dharbindra BK|Dharbindra BK]] लेख्ने हैन नपुगेका ठाउँमा जानकारी थप्न सहयोग गर्ने हो । लेख्ने काम तपाईं हाम्रो हैन हामी सहयोगी हौँ । हतार गर्नुहुँदैन ।। [[User:RJPRASHANT$1|RJPRASHANT$1]] ([[User talk:RJPRASHANT$1|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:२४, ३ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == सम्पादन गर्दिनु होस्। == [[१९०७ एरेना क्रिकेट स्टेडियम]] , नयाँ पृष्ट सृजना भएको छ ! सम्पादन गर्न मद्दत गर्नुहोस् । तथ्यमा आधारित कुराहरू समेटेर लेखेको हो । [[Special:Contributions/103.155.20.211|103.155.20.211]] ([[User talk:103.155.20.211|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:२९, ५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''"महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता"''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।<br> <span class="mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive">[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|<span style="color:white">अझ थप जानकारी...</span>]]</span></br></center> }} <!-- Message sent by User:पर्वत सुबेदी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Nabin_K._Sapkota/Mass_Message_Users_List&oldid=1300023 --> == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == ऑटोपेट्रोलर दायित्व == नमस्ते [https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:Log/rights निष्क्रिय हुने] परिभाषा र नियमावली के हुन्? यद्यपि मलाई कुनै आपत्ति छैन, तर तपाईंले त्यो अधिकार हटाउनुभयो त्यसैले जानकारीको लागि मात्रै सोधिरहेको हुँ। --[[User:SM7|<span style="color:#00A300">SM7</span>]]^{[[User talk:SM7|<small style="color:#6F00FF">--talk--</small>]]} १५:०९, २६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) :सर्वप्रथम, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईको योगदानका लागि धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छु। विकीमा विभिन्न कामहरू गर्नका लागि, प्रयोगकर्ताले गरेको योगदानको गुणस्तर, समुदायको सिफारिस वा मतदानबाट विशेषाधिकारहरू प्रधान गरिने प्रावधान रहेको छ। यस्ता अधिकार प्राप्त प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको योगदान वा सम्पादनलाई पूर्णरूपमा तथ्यपूर्ण र विश्वसनीय मानिन्छ। यसलाई पदको रूपमा नहेरी समुदायको विश्वास र मतदानको आधार दिइने एउटा अधिकार भनेर बुझ्दा राम्रो हुन्छ। विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त प्रयोगकर्ताहरूको अन्य सामान्य प्रयोगकर्ताहरू भन्दा बढी जिम्मेवारीहरू हुन्छन् र निष्क्रिय रहेको खण्डमा प्रबन्धकहरूलाई समेत हटाउन मिल्ने प्रावधान रहेको नेपाली विकिपिडियामा निष्क्रियका आधारमा विशेषाधिकार हटाउनु नौलो कुरो होइन (यद्यपि यो पहिलोपटक नै भएको होला)। विश्वासका आधारमा चुनिएका प्रयोगकर्ताहरू निष्क्रिय रहँदा सम्पूर्ण विकी जगतलाई नै घाटा हो (यद्यपि सम्पादन गर्ने नगर्ने त्यो पूर्णरूपमा व्यक्तिगत कुरा हो)। स्वगस्ती मात्र नभई अन्य अधिकारीका लाागि पनि तपाई योग्य हुन सक्नुहुन्छ यदि तपाई यहाँ आफ्नो राम्रो योगदान दिनुहुन्छ भने। अन्ततः अधिकार बिनानै सबै सम्पादनका कामहरू मजाले गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] १७:३६, २६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == किन मेट्नु पर्ने भयो। अजयमेरु कोट। कारण के भयो == अजयमेरु कोट किन मेट्नु पर्ने कारण भयो सुवेदी सर [[User:Kartikeyapur dynasty|Kartikeyapur dynasty]] ([[User talk:Kartikeyapur dynasty|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:२६, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) :सर्वप्रथम विकिपिडियाको लेखन कसरी गर्न सकिन्छ भन्ने कुरामा ध्यान दिनुहोस्। तपाईले सुनौलो नेपाल डटकम (५४.८%) र गोरखा पत्र (२१.९%) अनलाइन नामक दुई वेबसाइटबाट पूर्णरूपमा सामाग्री साभार गर्नुभएको छ। यी लेखहरूलाई सम्बन्धित जिल्लामा कुनै उपशीर्षक बनाइ राख्न सकिन्छ। [[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] [[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|कुरा गर्ने]] २०:३९, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == इतिहास गहिरो अध्ययन गरेर कुरा गर्नु पर्ने हुन्छ। नेपाली लेखकले लेखेका केही हावा कुरा का पछि लाग्नु भन्दापनि सत्य इतिहास र जानकारी दिनु हाम्रो कर्तव्य हाे। == अजयमेरुकोटकिनमेट्नुपर्योहिमालसुवेदीसर [[User:Kartikeyapur dynasty|Kartikeyapur dynasty]] ([[User talk:Kartikeyapur dynasty|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:५२, १७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुवेदी. Can you translate and upload the articles about the prominent economists [[:en:Dani Rodrik]] and [[:en:Milton Friedman]] in Nepali Wikipedia? They do not need to be long. Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३४, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == स्वतः स्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार == @[[प्रयोगकर्ता:हिमाल सुवेदी|हिमाल सुवेदी]] के म स्वतः स्थापित प्रयोगकर्ता अधिकार प्राप्त गर्न सकछु? [[User:सिशिर खत्री|सिशिर खत्री]] ([[User talk:सिशिर खत्री|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १७:४५, ८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Translation request == Hello, हिमाल सुवेदी. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Nepali Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[User:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[User talk:Kurcke|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:३३, १३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> == Last Few Days: WikiConference India 2026 Scholarship Applications == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> ''{{int:please-translate}}'' Dear Wikimedian, We're happy to share that scholarship applications for '''WikiConference India 2026''' are currently open and the deadline is just around the corner. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026|WikiConference India 2026]] is the fourth edition of the national-level conference that brings together Wikimedians and stakeholders engaged in Indic-language Wikimedia projects and the broader open knowledge movement across India and South Asia. The conference will take place in Kochi, Kerala, from 4–6 September 2026. * You can find the more information and the application form at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiConference India 2026/Scholarship|Scholarship page here at Meta wiki]] * '''Scholarship deadline: 15 April 2026, 11:59 PM IST''' With only a few days left, we warmly encourage you to apply if you haven’t already and kindly request you to share this with your community and encourage others to apply. For more information and regular updates, we encourage you to visit the conference Meta page. Warm regards, <br> on behalf of the WikiConference India 2026 Organising Team ''This message was sent with [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) on ००:१५, १२ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)'' </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Gnoeee@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WCI_2026_active_users&oldid=30389801 --> == You may be an eligible candidate for the U4C election == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Greetings, The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] seeks candidates for the 2026 election. The U4C is the global committee responsible for overseeing enforcement of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]]. Elections are held annually, if elected a committee member serves for two years. This year the U4C requires candidates to hold administrator rights on at least one wiki, which is why you are being contacted as you appear to hold this right. There are other requirements, such as candidates must be at least 18 years old and may not be employed by the Wikimedia Foundation or other related chapters and affiliates. You can find more information in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026#Call_for_Candidates|call for candidates on Meta-wiki]]. Additionally, the committee's working language is English; some ability to communicate in English is required. The election opens on 18 May, if you are eligible and interested you have until 10 May to submit your candidacy. There will be a week in between for candidates to answer questions from the community. Voting takes place privately in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/SecurePoll|SecurePoll]], successful candidates must receive at least 60% support. More information is available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the 2026 Elections page]], including timelines and other candidacy information. If you read over the material and consider yourself qualified, please consider submitting your name to run for the committee. If you think someone else in your community might be interested and qualified, please encourage them to run. In partnership with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) ०१:५१, २९ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) </div> (This message was sent to [[:प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:हिमाल सुबेदी]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/test&oldid=30472432 --> == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|500px]] [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div></div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist&oldid=30642887 --> == Congratulations to the Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to announce and congratulate the '''Top Global Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026'''. Your contributions have played a significant role in documenting and improving content related to women, gender, culture, oral traditions, and folklore across Wikimedia projects. Through your dedication and commitment, you have helped expand free knowledge and improve the representation of diverse cultural narratives from around the world. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation, all Top Global Winners are requested to complete the following form on or before '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdSdw0KMLg-1WLcD9E2TKqd_jlON8udTj4suyy6s5fPJ9DqYA/viewform?usp=dialog here]''' ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that the submitted information is accurate and complete to facilitate the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our sincere gratitude for your outstanding contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign. Your efforts continue to strengthen the Wikimedia movement's mission of sharing free and inclusive knowledge with the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement, and thank you for being a valued part of the global Feminism and Folklore community. — ''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:३९, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649262 --> == Congratulations to the Local Winners of Feminism and Folklore 2026 == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]] Dear {{PAGENAME}}, The Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team is pleased to congratulate the Local Winners of '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]'''. Local Winners are participants who achieved top rankings within their respective language communities through their valuable contributions to documenting folklore, women's history, culture, traditions, and related knowledge on Wikimedia projects in their local languages. Your efforts have helped enrich Wikimedia content, preserve cultural heritage, and improve the representation of diverse communities and knowledge systems across the movement. We sincerely appreciate your dedication and contribution to the success of the campaign. === Appreciation Form === As a token of appreciation to receive prizes, all Local Winners are requested to complete the following form by '''22 June 2026'''. '''Form link''' - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdGU7vkzANkB8P1k2X-NPwOwqBoTZafzgUZ-23wnVCeW2cj3g/viewform here] ; Deadline : 22 June 2026 Please ensure that all information provided in the form is accurate and complete. This information will be used for the appreciation process. === Thank you === We extend our heartfelt thanks to all Local Winners for their outstanding contributions and continued support of free knowledge. Your work has strengthened local-language content and helped make knowledge about folklore and women more accessible to communities around the world. Congratulations once again on your achievement. —''Feminism and Folklore International Organizing Team'' </div> --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २३:१०, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf2026&oldid=30649454 --> 0hs6720po4os6zjxydflbuezqsu3h53 0 104978 1358326 1357827 2026-06-08T04:03:21Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सैन्य जीवन */ 1358326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name=''' तोरण शमशेर जङ्ग बहादुर राणा''' |honorific-prefix = महारथी श्री<br>प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक |honorific_suffix= |image= |caption= | office = [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति]]<br>[[नेपाली सेनाको प्रधान सेनापति|नेपालका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] | term_start = २०१३ जेष्ठ ७(सन् १९५६) | term_end = २०१७ जेष्ठ ७ (सन् १९६०) | predecessor = [[किरण शमशेर राणा|किरण सम्शेर राणा]] | successor = [[नीरशमशेर जङ्गबहादर राणा|नीरशमशेर]] | president = | 1blankname = | 1namedata2 = |rank = |allegiance = {{flag|नेपाल}} |branch = [[File:Roundel of Nepal.svg|25 px]] [[नेपाली सेना]] |serviceyears = २० साल- |commands = |battles =[[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध]] |father =इन्द्र शमशेर |spouse =रानी पद्मा कुमारी देवी <ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm</ref> |allegiance1={{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]] |branch1=[[नेपाल प्रहरी]] |services1 = सन् १९८७- |rank1 = आइ.जी.पी. <!-- Commented out: [[File:Interpol logo.png|26 px]] --> [[नेपाल प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक|महानिरीक्षक (I.G.P.)]] |office1 = [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रमुख |term_start1 =२००७ चैत्र |term_end1 = २००७ चैत्र<ref>[https://nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 Police History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821211813/https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 |date=2019-08-21 }}</ref> |predecessor1 = प्रथम |successor1 = [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर]] |birth_date= डिसेम्बर १९०४ |birth_place=[[सेतो दरबार]] |death_date= |death_place= |relations= |blank1 = विभूषण |data1 = [[File:Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar.svg|17px]] [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]-प्रथम |data2 = [[File:Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu.svg|16px]] [[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]]-प्रथम |data3 = विशेष सेवा पदक }} '''तोरण शम्शेर''' नेपाली सैन्य अधिकारी र सरकारी कर्मचारी थिए। उनले नेपाली सेना प्रधानसेनापति र [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रथम महानिरिक्षक भएर काम गरेका थिए। नेपाली सेनाको ब्रिगेडियर जनरल पदबाट सदर पुलिस गोस्वाराको आईजीपी भएका तोरण शमशेर तीन दिने कार्यकालपछि फेरि मेजर जनरल पदमा बढुवा भई नेपाली सेनामा फर्किएर २०१७ मा प्रधान सेनापतिबाट अवकाश भएका थिए। यसर्थ तोरण शमशेर नेपाल प्रहरीको पहिलो आईजीपी हुन् तर संस्थागत आईजीपी चाही होइनन्। २०५१ सालसम्म पहिलो आईजीपीको रुपमा नरशमशेरलाई मानिदै आएको भएपनि २०५२ पछि भने तोरण शमशेर राणा पहिलो आईजीपी मानिन थाल्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=2023-11-01 |title=आईजीपी र प्रहरी दिवसवारे यथार्थ कुरा : RajdhaniDaily.com |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87656/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> उनको निधन बि.सं.२०५३ सालमा ९९ वर्षको उमेरमा भयो । ==बाल्यकाल == तोरण शमशेर; [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर]]का नाति र इन्द्र शमशेरका छोरा हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamb4 |url=https://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm |access-date= |website=www.royalark.net}}</ref> चन्द्र शमशेरले बनाएको [[ए बी सी क्लास राणा|ए,बि,सी रोलक्रम]] अनुसार उनी [[राणा वंशको उत्तराधिकारी रोलक्रम|सि क्लासका राणा]] थिए । == सेवा == उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=२०८० आश्विन २४ |title=एकै व्यक्ति आईजीपी र सेनापति |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87026/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> ===२००७ सालको क्रान्ति=== २००७ असोजमा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को दिन शक्तिशाली बम पड्काएर प्रधानमन्त्रीसहित रोलवाला राणाहरूलाई एकै चिहान वनाउने योजनाको अन्तिम हुँदै गर्दा पक्राउ परेका मिसन टोलीका एक सदस्यले सूचना चुहाई दिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=नेपाल |first=जगत |date=२०८२, साउन ३१ |title=ठोरीलाई क्रान्तिकारी पदमार्ग किन नबनाउने |url=https://khabarmukam.com/news/2025/08/16/35969 |access-date= |website=KhabarMukam |language=नेपाल}}</ref> खानतलासीमा तोरणशमशेरबाट “वायरलेस सेट”, प्रतापविक्रमबाट “स्टेनगन” हरू बरामद भयो । २००७ असोज ८ राती कर्णेल तोरण शमशेर, कर्णेल प्रतापविक्रम शाह, [[महेन्द्र विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्रविक्रम शाह]] र नेपाली सेनाका अरूलाई पनि पक्राउ गरियो । साथै नोदविक्रम; मोहनविक्रम; अम्बरबहादुर; राजदासहरू समेत पक्राउ परे।<ref name="पुरुषोत्तम">{{cite book|last=शम्शेर ज ब राणा|first=पुरुषोत्तम|author-link=पुरुषोत्तम शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|year=२०४७|title=श्री ३ हरुको तथ्य वृत्तान्त|publisher=|url=https://archive.org/details/gzof-shree-3-haruko-tathya-vrittanta-by-purushottam-sha/page/284/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=283}}</ref> [[पक्राउ]] परेका व्यक्तिहरू सबैलाई सिहदरबार भित्री गारतमा र बाहिरी गारतमा नेल हतकडीसमेत लगाई वन्दी बनाई राखे । श्री ३ र अरूहरूको हत्या गर्ने षड्यन्त्रमा लागेको, नेपाली सेनालाई भड्काउने प्रयत्न गरेको आदि कतिपय अभियोग मूलतः [[गणेशमान सिंह]], सुन्दरराज, दिलमान सिंह थापा, कुलमान लामा र तोरण शमशेरसमेतलाई लगाइएको थियो । त्यसैले उनीहरूलाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय सुनाउने तयारीमा [[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरिशमशेर]]को नेतृत्वमा विशेष अदालत लागिरहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=बस्नेत |first=पुरुषोत्तम |date=३० वैशाख २०७९ |title=लोकतान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा ऐतिहासिक योगदान |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/12488 |access-date= |website=गोरखापत्र}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.martinchautari.org.np/blogs/a-failed-enterprise-to-kill-rana-rulers|title=राणा शासकहरूलाई मार्ने एक असफल उद्योग|last=पराजुली|first=लोकरञ्‍जन|date=2025-12-12|work=मार्टिन चौतारी}}</ref> सिंहसहितका राजबन्दीमाथिको मृत्युदण्डमाथि लालमोहर लगाउन प्रधानमन्त्रीले चर्को दबाब हालेका भए पनि [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले आलटाल गरिरहेका थिए । कार्तिक २१ मा राजा त्रिभुवन भारतीय दुतावासम शरण लिएपछि मृत्युदण्ड टर्‍यो । === प्रहरी महानिरिक्षक === राणा शासनको अन्त्य भएपछि आईजीपी पद सिर्जना भयो। राणा परिवारकै भए पनि उदार विचारधारा राख्ने तोरण शमशेर राजा त्रिभुवनका विश्वास पात्र व्यक्ति मध्येमै पर्दथे। राजा त्रिभुवनले उनलाई बोलाएर "तिमी आईजीपीमा बस" भने।<ref name=":0" /> राजाको बचन काट्न नसकी आईजीपीमा नियुक्ति भएर पद ग्रहण गरे। किशोर दाहालका अनुसार [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरतशमशेर]]लाई गिरफ्तार गर्ने पूर्वतयारीस्वरुप गृहमन्त्री [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बीपी कोइराला]]ले तोरणशमशेरलाई प्रहरीको आईजी बनाएका थिए । <ref>{{Cite web |title=गृहमन्त्री आफैंले गोली चलाएको त्यो घटना |url=https://ekantipur.com/News-Folder/2024/12/31/that-incident-where-the-home-minister-himself-opened-fire-23-38.html |access-date= |website=Ekantipur |language=ne|date=पुस १६, २०८१|last=दाहाल|first=किशोर}}</ref> त्रिभुवनले तोरण शमशेरलाई २००७ साल चैत्र २८ गते नेपाल पुलीसको आईजीपी पदमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए । २००७ सालको क्रान्ति पश्चात नेपालका विभिन्न भागमा छरिएर रहेका प्रहरी इकाईहरूलाई संगठित रूपमा परिचालन गर्न सन् १९५१ तिर प्रहरी प्रधान कार्यालयको स्थापना गरी प्रहरी प्रशासनको सम्पूर्ण जिम्मा प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकलाई लगाइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८०-०७-२१ |title=NEPAL POLICE: Looking back into the past |url=https://nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/a1/ff/a1ffc275-9554-434c-b158-e5c0df96f9a2/interpol-book-final.pdf |journal=Celebrating 100 Years of Interpol |pages=17}}</ref> तोरण शमशेर ज.ब.रा. पहिलो प्रहरी महानिरिक्षकका (IGP) रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=गृह मन्त्रालय |first=नेपाल सरकार |title=नेपाल प्रहरी |url=https://www.moha.gov.np/upload/e66443e81e8cc9c4fa5c099a1fb1bb87/files/yearly_pratibedan_07576.pdf |journal=वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |volume=2085/76 |pages=10-12}}</ref> उनको ३ दिने आइजिपी कार्याकाल यसप्रकार रह्यो। * चैत्र २८: आइजिपी नियुक्त * चैत्र २९: सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा ऐन लागु * चैत्र ३०: बिहान ५ बजे: गोरखा दलका सभापति [[रणधीर सुब्बा]] र महामन्त्री [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरत शमशेर]] लगायत गिरफ्तार * चैत्र ३०: दिउँसो ३ बजे: गृहमन्त्री निवास तथा कार्यालयमा गोरखा दलका कार्यकर्ताद्वारा आक्रमण उनी आइजीपी छँदा नै [[खुकुरी दल]]ले गृहमन्त्री बिपी कोइरालाको निवासमा आक्रमण गर्‍यो। ३ दिनभित्रै उनको सोच बदलियो, नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने निर्णय गरे । आईजीपी तोरण शमशेरले राजा त्रिभुवनलाई आफ्नो इच्छा सुनाए । तोरण शमशेरको चाहना बुझेर राजा त्रिभुवनले पनि उनलाई नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने अनुमति दिएपछि [[मेजर जनरल]] पदमा बढुवा भएर पुनः तोरण शमशेर नेपाली सेनामा फर्किए । तोरण शमशेरको आईजीपी कार्यकाल मात्र ३ दिनको भयो। तोरण शमशेरले सदर पुलिस गोस्वारामा दिएको पद बहाली मन्तव्य [[गोरखापत्र]]मा चैत्र ३१ मा प्रकाशित हुँदा उनी उक्त पदबाट मुक्त भैसकेका थिए। सेनामा फर्किए र दोस्रो महानिरीक्षकको रूपमा २००८ बैशाख १ मा [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर जबरा]] आए । नेपाल प्रहरीमा लामो समय सम्म पनि उनलाई आइजीपी मानिएको थिएन। नर शमशेरलाई नै पहिलो आइजीपी मानिदै आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०४१ असोज ३० |title=A Tribute to Our Peers |url=https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/1e/de/1ede7f10-c82d-4e31-be60-8f3401b13c65/police-mirror-1984-2041-final.pdf |journal=प्रहरी दर्पण |volume=1984 |pages=37-41}}</ref> === सैन्य जीवन === उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए । पुलीस आइजिपि पद त्यागेर चैत्र ३० मा नेपाली सेनामा फर्कदा उनी मेजर जनरलमा बढुवा भए। २००८ चैत्र ५ मा राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सुचना अनुसार चैत्र २९ मा उनलाई राजा त्रिभुवनले आर्क्टिङ लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल पद दिएका थिए। २००८ माघ १५मा स्थायी [[लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल]] नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२००८ चैत्र ५ |title=नेपाल गजेट, रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=3204 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=rajpatra.dop.gov.np}}</ref> रथी (लेफ्टिनेन्ट जर्नेल)मा पदोन्नति भएदेखि नै उनी अन्य राणाजीहरू झैं श्रीपेच लगाउन चाहन्थे तर [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]ले दिएनन्। [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले उनको लागि विशेष टोपीको व्यवस्था गरेका थिए तर असन्तुष्ट रहेका तोरणले टोपी लगाउन मानेनन् र आफ्नो मुडुलो टाउको नै लिएर हिड्ने गर्थे । === [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति|प्रधान सेनापति]] === तोरण शमशेर २० मे १९५६ देखि २० मे १९६० सम्म प्रधानसेनापति रहे। [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के आई सिंह]] प्रधानमन्त्री भएको बेला उनको र प्रधानमन्त्री निकै तनाव भयो। भैरहवा जेलबाट भागेका सिंहलाई समात्न तोरण शमशेरको भुमिका थियो। के आइ सिंहले उनलाई आफ्ना र कम्युनिस्ट कार्यकर्ता छुटाउन आदेश दिए। उनले राजाको अगाडि प्रधानमन्त्रीको बिरोध गरे।<ref>{{cite book|title=India Meeta China in Nepal|author=गिरिलाल जैन|page=६०|date=1959|publisher=Asia Publishing House|isbn=|url=}}</ref> ४ वर्षे सेनापतिको कार्यकाल सकेर उनी बि.सं. २०१७ सालमा अवकाश भए। === निर्माण समिति === तोरण शम्शेर कान्ति राज पथ निर्माण समितिका अध्यक्ष थिए । र कान्ति राजपथको उत्घाटन समारोहमा उनले [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]बाट ॐ राम पट्ट तक्मा पाएका थिए । <ref>[http://Rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=4390 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, श्रावण १६ गते २०१६ साल रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> उनी [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग|पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग]] निर्माण समितिको समेत सदस्य थिए । <ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=1300 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, खण्ड ११ काठमाडौँ, माघ ३ गते २०१८ साल अतिरिक्ताङ्क ३५]</ref> == सन्दर्भहरू == {{reflist}} {{ढाँचा:नेपाल प्रहरीका प्रमुखहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली सेनाका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी :गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:वीरशमशेर खलक]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरीका महानिरीक्षकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरी]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९०४ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकहरू]] rzb2voc01xe657qutmprudipx1fe7r6 1358327 1358326 2026-06-08T04:04:09Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सैन्य जीवन */ 1358327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name=''' तोरण शमशेर जङ्ग बहादुर राणा''' |honorific-prefix = महारथी श्री<br>प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक |honorific_suffix= |image= |caption= | office = [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति]]<br>[[नेपाली सेनाको प्रधान सेनापति|नेपालका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] | term_start = २०१३ जेष्ठ ७(सन् १९५६) | term_end = २०१७ जेष्ठ ७ (सन् १९६०) | predecessor = [[किरण शमशेर राणा|किरण सम्शेर राणा]] | successor = [[नीरशमशेर जङ्गबहादर राणा|नीरशमशेर]] | president = | 1blankname = | 1namedata2 = |rank = |allegiance = {{flag|नेपाल}} |branch = [[File:Roundel of Nepal.svg|25 px]] [[नेपाली सेना]] |serviceyears = २० साल- |commands = |battles =[[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध]] |father =इन्द्र शमशेर |spouse =रानी पद्मा कुमारी देवी <ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm</ref> |allegiance1={{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]] |branch1=[[नेपाल प्रहरी]] |services1 = सन् १९८७- |rank1 = आइ.जी.पी. <!-- Commented out: [[File:Interpol logo.png|26 px]] --> [[नेपाल प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक|महानिरीक्षक (I.G.P.)]] |office1 = [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रमुख |term_start1 =२००७ चैत्र |term_end1 = २००७ चैत्र<ref>[https://nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 Police History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821211813/https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 |date=2019-08-21 }}</ref> |predecessor1 = प्रथम |successor1 = [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर]] |birth_date= डिसेम्बर १९०४ |birth_place=[[सेतो दरबार]] |death_date= |death_place= |relations= |blank1 = विभूषण |data1 = [[File:Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar.svg|17px]] [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]-प्रथम |data2 = [[File:Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu.svg|16px]] [[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]]-प्रथम |data3 = विशेष सेवा पदक }} '''तोरण शम्शेर''' नेपाली सैन्य अधिकारी र सरकारी कर्मचारी थिए। उनले नेपाली सेना प्रधानसेनापति र [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रथम महानिरिक्षक भएर काम गरेका थिए। नेपाली सेनाको ब्रिगेडियर जनरल पदबाट सदर पुलिस गोस्वाराको आईजीपी भएका तोरण शमशेर तीन दिने कार्यकालपछि फेरि मेजर जनरल पदमा बढुवा भई नेपाली सेनामा फर्किएर २०१७ मा प्रधान सेनापतिबाट अवकाश भएका थिए। यसर्थ तोरण शमशेर नेपाल प्रहरीको पहिलो आईजीपी हुन् तर संस्थागत आईजीपी चाही होइनन्। २०५१ सालसम्म पहिलो आईजीपीको रुपमा नरशमशेरलाई मानिदै आएको भएपनि २०५२ पछि भने तोरण शमशेर राणा पहिलो आईजीपी मानिन थाल्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=2023-11-01 |title=आईजीपी र प्रहरी दिवसवारे यथार्थ कुरा : RajdhaniDaily.com |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87656/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> उनको निधन बि.सं.२०५३ सालमा ९९ वर्षको उमेरमा भयो । ==बाल्यकाल == तोरण शमशेर; [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर]]का नाति र इन्द्र शमशेरका छोरा हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamb4 |url=https://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm |access-date= |website=www.royalark.net}}</ref> चन्द्र शमशेरले बनाएको [[ए बी सी क्लास राणा|ए,बि,सी रोलक्रम]] अनुसार उनी [[राणा वंशको उत्तराधिकारी रोलक्रम|सि क्लासका राणा]] थिए । == सेवा == उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=२०८० आश्विन २४ |title=एकै व्यक्ति आईजीपी र सेनापति |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87026/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> ===२००७ सालको क्रान्ति=== २००७ असोजमा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को दिन शक्तिशाली बम पड्काएर प्रधानमन्त्रीसहित रोलवाला राणाहरूलाई एकै चिहान वनाउने योजनाको अन्तिम हुँदै गर्दा पक्राउ परेका मिसन टोलीका एक सदस्यले सूचना चुहाई दिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=नेपाल |first=जगत |date=२०८२, साउन ३१ |title=ठोरीलाई क्रान्तिकारी पदमार्ग किन नबनाउने |url=https://khabarmukam.com/news/2025/08/16/35969 |access-date= |website=KhabarMukam |language=नेपाल}}</ref> खानतलासीमा तोरणशमशेरबाट “वायरलेस सेट”, प्रतापविक्रमबाट “स्टेनगन” हरू बरामद भयो । २००७ असोज ८ राती कर्णेल तोरण शमशेर, कर्णेल प्रतापविक्रम शाह, [[महेन्द्र विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्रविक्रम शाह]] र नेपाली सेनाका अरूलाई पनि पक्राउ गरियो । साथै नोदविक्रम; मोहनविक्रम; अम्बरबहादुर; राजदासहरू समेत पक्राउ परे।<ref name="पुरुषोत्तम">{{cite book|last=शम्शेर ज ब राणा|first=पुरुषोत्तम|author-link=पुरुषोत्तम शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|year=२०४७|title=श्री ३ हरुको तथ्य वृत्तान्त|publisher=|url=https://archive.org/details/gzof-shree-3-haruko-tathya-vrittanta-by-purushottam-sha/page/284/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=283}}</ref> [[पक्राउ]] परेका व्यक्तिहरू सबैलाई सिहदरबार भित्री गारतमा र बाहिरी गारतमा नेल हतकडीसमेत लगाई वन्दी बनाई राखे । श्री ३ र अरूहरूको हत्या गर्ने षड्यन्त्रमा लागेको, नेपाली सेनालाई भड्काउने प्रयत्न गरेको आदि कतिपय अभियोग मूलतः [[गणेशमान सिंह]], सुन्दरराज, दिलमान सिंह थापा, कुलमान लामा र तोरण शमशेरसमेतलाई लगाइएको थियो । त्यसैले उनीहरूलाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय सुनाउने तयारीमा [[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरिशमशेर]]को नेतृत्वमा विशेष अदालत लागिरहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=बस्नेत |first=पुरुषोत्तम |date=३० वैशाख २०७९ |title=लोकतान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा ऐतिहासिक योगदान |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/12488 |access-date= |website=गोरखापत्र}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.martinchautari.org.np/blogs/a-failed-enterprise-to-kill-rana-rulers|title=राणा शासकहरूलाई मार्ने एक असफल उद्योग|last=पराजुली|first=लोकरञ्‍जन|date=2025-12-12|work=मार्टिन चौतारी}}</ref> सिंहसहितका राजबन्दीमाथिको मृत्युदण्डमाथि लालमोहर लगाउन प्रधानमन्त्रीले चर्को दबाब हालेका भए पनि [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले आलटाल गरिरहेका थिए । कार्तिक २१ मा राजा त्रिभुवन भारतीय दुतावासम शरण लिएपछि मृत्युदण्ड टर्‍यो । === प्रहरी महानिरिक्षक === राणा शासनको अन्त्य भएपछि आईजीपी पद सिर्जना भयो। राणा परिवारकै भए पनि उदार विचारधारा राख्ने तोरण शमशेर राजा त्रिभुवनका विश्वास पात्र व्यक्ति मध्येमै पर्दथे। राजा त्रिभुवनले उनलाई बोलाएर "तिमी आईजीपीमा बस" भने।<ref name=":0" /> राजाको बचन काट्न नसकी आईजीपीमा नियुक्ति भएर पद ग्रहण गरे। किशोर दाहालका अनुसार [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरतशमशेर]]लाई गिरफ्तार गर्ने पूर्वतयारीस्वरुप गृहमन्त्री [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बीपी कोइराला]]ले तोरणशमशेरलाई प्रहरीको आईजी बनाएका थिए । <ref>{{Cite web |title=गृहमन्त्री आफैंले गोली चलाएको त्यो घटना |url=https://ekantipur.com/News-Folder/2024/12/31/that-incident-where-the-home-minister-himself-opened-fire-23-38.html |access-date= |website=Ekantipur |language=ne|date=पुस १६, २०८१|last=दाहाल|first=किशोर}}</ref> त्रिभुवनले तोरण शमशेरलाई २००७ साल चैत्र २८ गते नेपाल पुलीसको आईजीपी पदमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए । २००७ सालको क्रान्ति पश्चात नेपालका विभिन्न भागमा छरिएर रहेका प्रहरी इकाईहरूलाई संगठित रूपमा परिचालन गर्न सन् १९५१ तिर प्रहरी प्रधान कार्यालयको स्थापना गरी प्रहरी प्रशासनको सम्पूर्ण जिम्मा प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकलाई लगाइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८०-०७-२१ |title=NEPAL POLICE: Looking back into the past |url=https://nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/a1/ff/a1ffc275-9554-434c-b158-e5c0df96f9a2/interpol-book-final.pdf |journal=Celebrating 100 Years of Interpol |pages=17}}</ref> तोरण शमशेर ज.ब.रा. पहिलो प्रहरी महानिरिक्षकका (IGP) रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=गृह मन्त्रालय |first=नेपाल सरकार |title=नेपाल प्रहरी |url=https://www.moha.gov.np/upload/e66443e81e8cc9c4fa5c099a1fb1bb87/files/yearly_pratibedan_07576.pdf |journal=वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |volume=2085/76 |pages=10-12}}</ref> उनको ३ दिने आइजिपी कार्याकाल यसप्रकार रह्यो। * चैत्र २८: आइजिपी नियुक्त * चैत्र २९: सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा ऐन लागु * चैत्र ३०: बिहान ५ बजे: गोरखा दलका सभापति [[रणधीर सुब्बा]] र महामन्त्री [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरत शमशेर]] लगायत गिरफ्तार * चैत्र ३०: दिउँसो ३ बजे: गृहमन्त्री निवास तथा कार्यालयमा गोरखा दलका कार्यकर्ताद्वारा आक्रमण उनी आइजीपी छँदा नै [[खुकुरी दल]]ले गृहमन्त्री बिपी कोइरालाको निवासमा आक्रमण गर्‍यो। ३ दिनभित्रै उनको सोच बदलियो, नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने निर्णय गरे । आईजीपी तोरण शमशेरले राजा त्रिभुवनलाई आफ्नो इच्छा सुनाए । तोरण शमशेरको चाहना बुझेर राजा त्रिभुवनले पनि उनलाई नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने अनुमति दिएपछि [[मेजर जनरल]] पदमा बढुवा भएर पुनः तोरण शमशेर नेपाली सेनामा फर्किए । तोरण शमशेरको आईजीपी कार्यकाल मात्र ३ दिनको भयो। तोरण शमशेरले सदर पुलिस गोस्वारामा दिएको पद बहाली मन्तव्य [[गोरखापत्र]]मा चैत्र ३१ मा प्रकाशित हुँदा उनी उक्त पदबाट मुक्त भैसकेका थिए। सेनामा फर्किए र दोस्रो महानिरीक्षकको रूपमा २००८ बैशाख १ मा [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर जबरा]] आए । नेपाल प्रहरीमा लामो समय सम्म पनि उनलाई आइजीपी मानिएको थिएन। नर शमशेरलाई नै पहिलो आइजीपी मानिदै आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०४१ असोज ३० |title=A Tribute to Our Peers |url=https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/1e/de/1ede7f10-c82d-4e31-be60-8f3401b13c65/police-mirror-1984-2041-final.pdf |journal=प्रहरी दर्पण |volume=1984 |pages=37-41}}</ref> === सैन्य जीवन === उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए । पुलीस आइजिपि पद त्यागेर चैत्र ३० मा नेपाली सेनामा फर्कदा उनी मेजर जनरलमा बढुवा भए। २००८ चैत्र ५ मा राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सुचना अनुसार चैत्र २९ मा उनलाई राजा त्रिभुवनले आर्क्टिङ लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल पद दिएका थिए। २००८ माघ १५मा स्थायी [[लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल]] नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२००८ चैत्र ५ |title=नेपाल गजेट, रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=3204 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=rajpatra.dop.gov.np|last=जोशी|first=विष्णु ध्वज}}</ref> रथी (लेफ्टिनेन्ट जर्नेल)मा पदोन्नति भएदेखि नै उनी अन्य राणाजीहरू झैं श्रीपेच लगाउन चाहन्थे तर [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]ले दिएनन्। [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले उनको लागि विशेष टोपीको व्यवस्था गरेका थिए तर असन्तुष्ट रहेका तोरणले टोपी लगाउन मानेनन् र आफ्नो मुडुलो टाउको नै लिएर हिड्ने गर्थे । === [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति|प्रधान सेनापति]] === तोरण शमशेर २० मे १९५६ देखि २० मे १९६० सम्म प्रधानसेनापति रहे। [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के आई सिंह]] प्रधानमन्त्री भएको बेला उनको र प्रधानमन्त्री निकै तनाव भयो। भैरहवा जेलबाट भागेका सिंहलाई समात्न तोरण शमशेरको भुमिका थियो। के आइ सिंहले उनलाई आफ्ना र कम्युनिस्ट कार्यकर्ता छुटाउन आदेश दिए। उनले राजाको अगाडि प्रधानमन्त्रीको बिरोध गरे।<ref>{{cite book|title=India Meeta China in Nepal|author=गिरिलाल जैन|page=६०|date=1959|publisher=Asia Publishing House|isbn=|url=}}</ref> ४ वर्षे सेनापतिको कार्यकाल सकेर उनी बि.सं. २०१७ सालमा अवकाश भए। === निर्माण समिति === तोरण शम्शेर कान्ति राज पथ निर्माण समितिका अध्यक्ष थिए । र कान्ति राजपथको उत्घाटन समारोहमा उनले [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]बाट ॐ राम पट्ट तक्मा पाएका थिए । <ref>[http://Rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=4390 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, श्रावण १६ गते २०१६ साल रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> उनी [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग|पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग]] निर्माण समितिको समेत सदस्य थिए । <ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=1300 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, खण्ड ११ काठमाडौँ, माघ ३ गते २०१८ साल अतिरिक्ताङ्क ३५]</ref> == सन्दर्भहरू == {{reflist}} {{ढाँचा:नेपाल प्रहरीका प्रमुखहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली सेनाका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी :गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:वीरशमशेर खलक]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरीका महानिरीक्षकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरी]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९०४ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकहरू]] 0locaz5t1p8oi2qdm4zofwgy6t9400y 1358340 1358327 2026-06-08T05:01:36Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* प्रहरी महानिरिक्षक */ 1358340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name=''' तोरण शमशेर जङ्ग बहादुर राणा''' |honorific-prefix = महारथी श्री<br>प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक |honorific_suffix= |image= |caption= | office = [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति]]<br>[[नेपाली सेनाको प्रधान सेनापति|नेपालका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] | term_start = २०१३ जेष्ठ ७(सन् १९५६) | term_end = २०१७ जेष्ठ ७ (सन् १९६०) | predecessor = [[किरण शमशेर राणा|किरण सम्शेर राणा]] | successor = [[नीरशमशेर जङ्गबहादर राणा|नीरशमशेर]] | president = | 1blankname = | 1namedata2 = |rank = |allegiance = {{flag|नेपाल}} |branch = [[File:Roundel of Nepal.svg|25 px]] [[नेपाली सेना]] |serviceyears = २० साल- |commands = |battles =[[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध]] |father =इन्द्र शमशेर |spouse =रानी पद्मा कुमारी देवी <ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm</ref> |allegiance1={{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]] |branch1=[[नेपाल प्रहरी]] |services1 = सन् १९८७- |rank1 = आइ.जी.पी. <!-- Commented out: [[File:Interpol logo.png|26 px]] --> [[नेपाल प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक|महानिरीक्षक (I.G.P.)]] |office1 = [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रमुख |term_start1 =२००७ चैत्र |term_end1 = २००७ चैत्र<ref>[https://nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 Police History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821211813/https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 |date=2019-08-21 }}</ref> |predecessor1 = प्रथम |successor1 = [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर]] |birth_date= डिसेम्बर १९०४ |birth_place=[[सेतो दरबार]] |death_date= |death_place= |relations= |blank1 = विभूषण |data1 = [[File:Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar.svg|17px]] [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]-प्रथम |data2 = [[File:Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu.svg|16px]] [[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]]-प्रथम |data3 = विशेष सेवा पदक }} '''तोरण शम्शेर''' नेपाली सैन्य अधिकारी र सरकारी कर्मचारी थिए। उनले नेपाली सेना प्रधानसेनापति र [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रथम महानिरिक्षक भएर काम गरेका थिए। नेपाली सेनाको ब्रिगेडियर जनरल पदबाट सदर पुलिस गोस्वाराको आईजीपी भएका तोरण शमशेर तीन दिने कार्यकालपछि फेरि मेजर जनरल पदमा बढुवा भई नेपाली सेनामा फर्किएर २०१७ मा प्रधान सेनापतिबाट अवकाश भएका थिए। यसर्थ तोरण शमशेर नेपाल प्रहरीको पहिलो आईजीपी हुन् तर संस्थागत आईजीपी चाही होइनन्। २०५१ सालसम्म पहिलो आईजीपीको रुपमा नरशमशेरलाई मानिदै आएको भएपनि २०५२ पछि भने तोरण शमशेर राणा पहिलो आईजीपी मानिन थाल्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=2023-11-01 |title=आईजीपी र प्रहरी दिवसवारे यथार्थ कुरा : RajdhaniDaily.com |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87656/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> उनको निधन बि.सं.२०५३ सालमा ९९ वर्षको उमेरमा भयो । ==बाल्यकाल == तोरण शमशेर; [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर]]का नाति र इन्द्र शमशेरका छोरा हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamb4 |url=https://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm |access-date= |website=www.royalark.net}}</ref> चन्द्र शमशेरले बनाएको [[ए बी सी क्लास राणा|ए,बि,सी रोलक्रम]] अनुसार उनी [[राणा वंशको उत्तराधिकारी रोलक्रम|सि क्लासका राणा]] थिए । == सेवा == उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=२०८० आश्विन २४ |title=एकै व्यक्ति आईजीपी र सेनापति |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87026/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> ===२००७ सालको क्रान्ति=== २००७ असोजमा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को दिन शक्तिशाली बम पड्काएर प्रधानमन्त्रीसहित रोलवाला राणाहरूलाई एकै चिहान वनाउने योजनाको अन्तिम हुँदै गर्दा पक्राउ परेका मिसन टोलीका एक सदस्यले सूचना चुहाई दिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=नेपाल |first=जगत |date=२०८२, साउन ३१ |title=ठोरीलाई क्रान्तिकारी पदमार्ग किन नबनाउने |url=https://khabarmukam.com/news/2025/08/16/35969 |access-date= |website=KhabarMukam |language=नेपाल}}</ref> खानतलासीमा तोरणशमशेरबाट “वायरलेस सेट”, प्रतापविक्रमबाट “स्टेनगन” हरू बरामद भयो । २००७ असोज ८ राती कर्णेल तोरण शमशेर, कर्णेल प्रतापविक्रम शाह, [[महेन्द्र विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्रविक्रम शाह]] र नेपाली सेनाका अरूलाई पनि पक्राउ गरियो । साथै नोदविक्रम; मोहनविक्रम; अम्बरबहादुर; राजदासहरू समेत पक्राउ परे।<ref name="पुरुषोत्तम">{{cite book|last=शम्शेर ज ब राणा|first=पुरुषोत्तम|author-link=पुरुषोत्तम शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|year=२०४७|title=श्री ३ हरुको तथ्य वृत्तान्त|publisher=|url=https://archive.org/details/gzof-shree-3-haruko-tathya-vrittanta-by-purushottam-sha/page/284/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=283}}</ref> [[पक्राउ]] परेका व्यक्तिहरू सबैलाई सिहदरबार भित्री गारतमा र बाहिरी गारतमा नेल हतकडीसमेत लगाई वन्दी बनाई राखे । श्री ३ र अरूहरूको हत्या गर्ने षड्यन्त्रमा लागेको, नेपाली सेनालाई भड्काउने प्रयत्न गरेको आदि कतिपय अभियोग मूलतः [[गणेशमान सिंह]], सुन्दरराज, दिलमान सिंह थापा, कुलमान लामा र तोरण शमशेरसमेतलाई लगाइएको थियो । त्यसैले उनीहरूलाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय सुनाउने तयारीमा [[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरिशमशेर]]को नेतृत्वमा विशेष अदालत लागिरहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=बस्नेत |first=पुरुषोत्तम |date=३० वैशाख २०७९ |title=लोकतान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा ऐतिहासिक योगदान |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/12488 |access-date= |website=गोरखापत्र}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.martinchautari.org.np/blogs/a-failed-enterprise-to-kill-rana-rulers|title=राणा शासकहरूलाई मार्ने एक असफल उद्योग|last=पराजुली|first=लोकरञ्‍जन|date=2025-12-12|work=मार्टिन चौतारी}}</ref> सिंहसहितका राजबन्दीमाथिको मृत्युदण्डमाथि लालमोहर लगाउन प्रधानमन्त्रीले चर्को दबाब हालेका भए पनि [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले आलटाल गरिरहेका थिए । कार्तिक २१ मा राजा त्रिभुवन भारतीय दुतावासम शरण लिएपछि मृत्युदण्ड टर्‍यो । === प्रहरी महानिरिक्षक === राणा शासनको अन्त्य भएपछि आईजीपी पद सिर्जना भयो। राणा परिवारकै भए पनि उदार विचारधारा राख्ने तोरण शमशेर राजा त्रिभुवनका विश्वास पात्र व्यक्ति मध्येमै पर्दथे। राजा त्रिभुवनले उनलाई बोलाएर "तिमी आईजीपीमा बस" भने।<ref name=":0" /> राजाको बचन काट्न नसकी आईजीपीमा नियुक्ति भएर पद ग्रहण गरे। किशोर दाहालका अनुसार [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरतशमशेर]]लाई गिरफ्तार गर्ने पूर्वतयारीस्वरुप गृहमन्त्री [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बीपी कोइराला]]ले तोरणशमशेरलाई प्रहरीको आईजी बनाएका थिए । <ref>{{Cite web |title=गृहमन्त्री आफैंले गोली चलाएको त्यो घटना |url=https://ekantipur.com/News-Folder/2024/12/31/that-incident-where-the-home-minister-himself-opened-fire-23-38.html |access-date= |website=Ekantipur |language=ne|date=पुस १६, २०८१|last=दाहाल|first=किशोर}}</ref> त्रिभुवनले तोरण शमशेरलाई २००७ साल चैत्र २८ गते नेपाल पुलीसको आईजीपी पदमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए । २००७ सालको क्रान्ति पश्चात नेपालका विभिन्न भागमा छरिएर रहेका प्रहरी इकाईहरूलाई संगठित रूपमा परिचालन गर्न सन् १९५१ तिर प्रहरी प्रधान कार्यालयको स्थापना गरी प्रहरी प्रशासनको सम्पूर्ण जिम्मा प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकलाई लगाइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८०-०७-२१ |title=NEPAL POLICE: Looking back into the past |url=https://nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/a1/ff/a1ffc275-9554-434c-b158-e5c0df96f9a2/interpol-book-final.pdf |journal=Celebrating 100 Years of Interpol |pages=17}}</ref> तोरण शमशेर ज.ब.रा. पहिलो प्रहरी महानिरिक्षकका (IGP) रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=गृह मन्त्रालय |first=नेपाल सरकार |title=नेपाल प्रहरी |url=https://www.moha.gov.np/upload/e66443e81e8cc9c4fa5c099a1fb1bb87/files/yearly_pratibedan_07576.pdf |journal=वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |volume=2085/76 |pages=10-12}}</ref> उनको ३ दिने आइजिपी कार्याकाल यसप्रकार रह्यो। * चैत्र २८: आइजिपी नियुक्त * चैत्र २९: सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा ऐन लागु * चैत्र ३०: बिहान ५ बजे: गोरखा दलका सभापति [[रणधीर सुब्बा]] र महामन्त्री [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरत शमशेर]] लगायत गिरफ्तार * चैत्र ३०: दिउँसो ३ बजे: गृहमन्त्री निवास तथा कार्यालयमा गोरखा दलका कार्यकर्ताद्वारा आक्रमण उनी आइजीपी छँदा नै [[खुकुरी दल]]ले गृहमन्त्री बिपी कोइरालाको निवासमा आक्रमण गर्‍यो। ३ दिनभित्रै उनको सोच बदलियो, नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने निर्णय गरे । आईजीपी तोरण शमशेरले राजा त्रिभुवनलाई आफ्नो इच्छा सुनाए । तोरण शमशेरको चाहना बुझेर राजा त्रिभुवनले पनि उनलाई नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने अनुमति दिएपछि [[मेजर जनरल]] (आर्क्टिङ लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल) पदमा बढुवा भएर पुनः तोरण शमशेर नेपाली सेनामा फर्किए । तोरण शमशेरको आईजीपी कार्यकाल मात्र ३ दिनको भयो। तोरण शमशेरले सदर पुलिस गोस्वारामा दिएको पद बहाली मन्तव्य [[गोरखापत्र]]मा चैत्र ३१ मा प्रकाशित हुँदा उनी उक्त पदबाट मुक्त भैसकेका थिए। सेनामा फर्किए र दोस्रो महानिरीक्षकको रूपमा २००८ बैशाख १ मा [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर जबरा]] आए। नेपाल प्रहरीमा लामो समय सम्म पनि उनलाई आइजीपी मानिएको थिएन। नर शमशेरलाई नै पहिलो आइजीपी मानिदै आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०४१ असोज ३० |title=A Tribute to Our Peers |url=https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/1e/de/1ede7f10-c82d-4e31-be60-8f3401b13c65/police-mirror-1984-2041-final.pdf |journal=प्रहरी दर्पण |volume=1984 |pages=37-41}}</ref> === सैन्य जीवन === उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए । पुलीस आइजिपि पद त्यागेर चैत्र ३० मा नेपाली सेनामा फर्कदा उनी मेजर जनरलमा बढुवा भए। २००८ चैत्र ५ मा राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सुचना अनुसार चैत्र २९ मा उनलाई राजा त्रिभुवनले आर्क्टिङ लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल पद दिएका थिए। २००८ माघ १५मा स्थायी [[लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल]] नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२००८ चैत्र ५ |title=नेपाल गजेट, रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=3204 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=rajpatra.dop.gov.np|last=जोशी|first=विष्णु ध्वज}}</ref> रथी (लेफ्टिनेन्ट जर्नेल)मा पदोन्नति भएदेखि नै उनी अन्य राणाजीहरू झैं श्रीपेच लगाउन चाहन्थे तर [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]ले दिएनन्। [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले उनको लागि विशेष टोपीको व्यवस्था गरेका थिए तर असन्तुष्ट रहेका तोरणले टोपी लगाउन मानेनन् र आफ्नो मुडुलो टाउको नै लिएर हिड्ने गर्थे । === [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति|प्रधान सेनापति]] === तोरण शमशेर २० मे १९५६ देखि २० मे १९६० सम्म प्रधानसेनापति रहे। [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के आई सिंह]] प्रधानमन्त्री भएको बेला उनको र प्रधानमन्त्री निकै तनाव भयो। भैरहवा जेलबाट भागेका सिंहलाई समात्न तोरण शमशेरको भुमिका थियो। के आइ सिंहले उनलाई आफ्ना र कम्युनिस्ट कार्यकर्ता छुटाउन आदेश दिए। उनले राजाको अगाडि प्रधानमन्त्रीको बिरोध गरे।<ref>{{cite book|title=India Meeta China in Nepal|author=गिरिलाल जैन|page=६०|date=1959|publisher=Asia Publishing House|isbn=|url=}}</ref> ४ वर्षे सेनापतिको कार्यकाल सकेर उनी बि.सं. २०१७ सालमा अवकाश भए। === निर्माण समिति === तोरण शम्शेर कान्ति राज पथ निर्माण समितिका अध्यक्ष थिए । र कान्ति राजपथको उत्घाटन समारोहमा उनले [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]बाट ॐ राम पट्ट तक्मा पाएका थिए । <ref>[http://Rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=4390 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, श्रावण १६ गते २०१६ साल रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> उनी [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग|पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग]] निर्माण समितिको समेत सदस्य थिए । <ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/download?ref=1300 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, खण्ड ११ काठमाडौँ, माघ ३ गते २०१८ साल अतिरिक्ताङ्क ३५]</ref> == सन्दर्भहरू == {{reflist}} {{ढाँचा:नेपाल प्रहरीका प्रमुखहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली सेनाका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी :गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:वीरशमशेर खलक]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरीका महानिरीक्षकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरी]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९०४ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकहरू]] 2o86u864j1mjwunag81zeo8w41mqmon 1358341 1358340 2026-06-08T05:07:57Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* निर्माण समिति */ 1358341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder |name=''' तोरण शमशेर जङ्ग बहादुर राणा''' |honorific-prefix = महारथी श्री<br>प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक |honorific_suffix= |image= |caption= | office = [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति]]<br>[[नेपाली सेनाको प्रधान सेनापति|नेपालका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] | term_start = २०१३ जेष्ठ ७(सन् १९५६) | term_end = २०१७ जेष्ठ ७ (सन् १९६०) | predecessor = [[किरण शमशेर राणा|किरण सम्शेर राणा]] | successor = [[नीरशमशेर जङ्गबहादर राणा|नीरशमशेर]] | president = | 1blankname = | 1namedata2 = |rank = |allegiance = {{flag|नेपाल}} |branch = [[File:Roundel of Nepal.svg|25 px]] [[नेपाली सेना]] |serviceyears = २० साल- |commands = |battles =[[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध]] |father =इन्द्र शमशेर |spouse =रानी पद्मा कुमारी देवी <ref>http://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm</ref> |allegiance1={{flagicon|Nepal}} [[Nepal]] |branch1=[[नेपाल प्रहरी]] |services1 = सन् १९८७- |rank1 = आइ.जी.पी. <!-- Commented out: [[File:Interpol logo.png|26 px]] --> [[नेपाल प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक|महानिरीक्षक (I.G.P.)]] |office1 = [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रमुख |term_start1 =२००७ चैत्र |term_end1 = २००७ चैत्र<ref>[https://nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 Police History] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190821211813/https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/index.php/about-us/history?start=1 |date=2019-08-21 }}</ref> |predecessor1 = प्रथम |successor1 = [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर]] |birth_date= डिसेम्बर १९०४ |birth_place=[[सेतो दरबार]] |death_date= |death_place= |relations= |blank1 = विभूषण |data1 = [[File:Order of Tri Shakti Patta - ribbon bar.svg|17px]] [[त्रिशक्ति पट्ट]]-प्रथम |data2 = [[File:Order of Gorkha Dakshina Bahu.svg|16px]] [[गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]]-प्रथम |data3 = विशेष सेवा पदक }} '''तोरण शम्शेर''' नेपाली सैन्य अधिकारी र सरकारी कर्मचारी थिए। उनले नेपाली सेना प्रधानसेनापति र [[नेपाल प्रहरी]]को प्रथम महानिरिक्षक भएर काम गरेका थिए। नेपाली सेनाको ब्रिगेडियर जनरल पदबाट सदर पुलिस गोस्वाराको आईजीपी भएका तोरण शमशेर तीन दिने कार्यकालपछि फेरि मेजर जनरल पदमा बढुवा भई नेपाली सेनामा फर्किएर २०१७ मा प्रधान सेनापतिबाट अवकाश भएका थिए। यसर्थ तोरण शमशेर नेपाल प्रहरीको पहिलो आईजीपी हुन् तर संस्थागत आईजीपी चाही होइनन्। २०५१ सालसम्म पहिलो आईजीपीको रुपमा नरशमशेरलाई मानिदै आएको भएपनि २०५२ पछि भने तोरण शमशेर राणा पहिलो आईजीपी मानिन थाल्यो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=2023-11-01 |title=आईजीपी र प्रहरी दिवसवारे यथार्थ कुरा : RajdhaniDaily.com |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87656/ |access-date=2026-06-04 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> उनको निधन बि.सं.२०५३ सालमा ९९ वर्षको उमेरमा भयो । ==बाल्यकाल == तोरण शमशेर; [[वीर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|वीर शमशेर]]का नाति र इन्द्र शमशेरका छोरा हुन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lamb4 |url=https://www.royalark.net/Nepal/lamb4.htm |access-date= |website=www.royalark.net}}</ref> चन्द्र शमशेरले बनाएको [[ए बी सी क्लास राणा|ए,बि,सी रोलक्रम]] अनुसार उनी [[राणा वंशको उत्तराधिकारी रोलक्रम|सि क्लासका राणा]] थिए । == सेवा == उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=प्रसाई |first=श्रीप्रसाद |date=२०८० आश्विन २४ |title=एकै व्यक्ति आईजीपी र सेनापति |url=https://rajdhanidaily.com/id/87026/ |access-date=2026-06-03 |website=राजधानी राष्ट्रिय दैनिक |language=ne-NP}}</ref> ===२००७ सालको क्रान्ति=== २००७ असोजमा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को दिन शक्तिशाली बम पड्काएर प्रधानमन्त्रीसहित रोलवाला राणाहरूलाई एकै चिहान वनाउने योजनाको अन्तिम हुँदै गर्दा पक्राउ परेका मिसन टोलीका एक सदस्यले सूचना चुहाई दिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=नेपाल |first=जगत |date=२०८२, साउन ३१ |title=ठोरीलाई क्रान्तिकारी पदमार्ग किन नबनाउने |url=https://khabarmukam.com/news/2025/08/16/35969 |access-date= |website=KhabarMukam |language=नेपाल}}</ref> खानतलासीमा तोरणशमशेरबाट “वायरलेस सेट”, प्रतापविक्रमबाट “स्टेनगन” हरू बरामद भयो । २००७ असोज ८ राती कर्णेल तोरण शमशेर, कर्णेल प्रतापविक्रम शाह, [[महेन्द्र विक्रम शाह|महेन्द्रविक्रम शाह]] र नेपाली सेनाका अरूलाई पनि पक्राउ गरियो । साथै नोदविक्रम; मोहनविक्रम; अम्बरबहादुर; राजदासहरू समेत पक्राउ परे।<ref name="पुरुषोत्तम">{{cite book|last=शम्शेर ज ब राणा|first=पुरुषोत्तम|author-link=पुरुषोत्तम शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|year=२०४७|title=श्री ३ हरुको तथ्य वृत्तान्त|publisher=|url=https://archive.org/details/gzof-shree-3-haruko-tathya-vrittanta-by-purushottam-sha/page/284/mode/2up|isbn=|pages=283}}</ref> [[पक्राउ]] परेका व्यक्तिहरू सबैलाई सिहदरबार भित्री गारतमा र बाहिरी गारतमा नेल हतकडीसमेत लगाई वन्दी बनाई राखे । श्री ३ र अरूहरूको हत्या गर्ने षड्यन्त्रमा लागेको, नेपाली सेनालाई भड्काउने प्रयत्न गरेको आदि कतिपय अभियोग मूलतः [[गणेशमान सिंह]], सुन्दरराज, दिलमान सिंह थापा, कुलमान लामा र तोरण शमशेरसमेतलाई लगाइएको थियो । त्यसैले उनीहरूलाई मृत्युदण्डको सजाय सुनाउने तयारीमा [[हरि शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|हरिशमशेर]]को नेतृत्वमा विशेष अदालत लागिरहेको थियो ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=बस्नेत |first=पुरुषोत्तम |date=३० वैशाख २०७९ |title=लोकतान्त्रिक आन्दोलनमा ऐतिहासिक योगदान |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/12488 |access-date= |website=गोरखापत्र}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.martinchautari.org.np/blogs/a-failed-enterprise-to-kill-rana-rulers|title=राणा शासकहरूलाई मार्ने एक असफल उद्योग|last=पराजुली|first=लोकरञ्‍जन|date=2025-12-12|work=मार्टिन चौतारी}}</ref> सिंहसहितका राजबन्दीमाथिको मृत्युदण्डमाथि लालमोहर लगाउन प्रधानमन्त्रीले चर्को दबाब हालेका भए पनि [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले आलटाल गरिरहेका थिए । कार्तिक २१ मा राजा त्रिभुवन भारतीय दुतावासम शरण लिएपछि मृत्युदण्ड टर्‍यो । === प्रहरी महानिरिक्षक === राणा शासनको अन्त्य भएपछि आईजीपी पद सिर्जना भयो। राणा परिवारकै भए पनि उदार विचारधारा राख्ने तोरण शमशेर राजा त्रिभुवनका विश्वास पात्र व्यक्ति मध्येमै पर्दथे। राजा त्रिभुवनले उनलाई बोलाएर "तिमी आईजीपीमा बस" भने।<ref name=":0" /> राजाको बचन काट्न नसकी आईजीपीमा नियुक्ति भएर पद ग्रहण गरे। किशोर दाहालका अनुसार [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरतशमशेर]]लाई गिरफ्तार गर्ने पूर्वतयारीस्वरुप गृहमन्त्री [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बीपी कोइराला]]ले तोरणशमशेरलाई प्रहरीको आईजी बनाएका थिए । <ref>{{Cite web |title=गृहमन्त्री आफैंले गोली चलाएको त्यो घटना |url=https://ekantipur.com/News-Folder/2024/12/31/that-incident-where-the-home-minister-himself-opened-fire-23-38.html |access-date= |website=Ekantipur |language=ne|date=पुस १६, २०८१|last=दाहाल|first=किशोर}}</ref> त्रिभुवनले तोरण शमशेरलाई २००७ साल चैत्र २८ गते नेपाल पुलीसको आईजीपी पदमा नियुक्त गरेका थिए । २००७ सालको क्रान्ति पश्चात नेपालका विभिन्न भागमा छरिएर रहेका प्रहरी इकाईहरूलाई संगठित रूपमा परिचालन गर्न सन् १९५१ तिर प्रहरी प्रधान कार्यालयको स्थापना गरी प्रहरी प्रशासनको सम्पूर्ण जिम्मा प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकलाई लगाइएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०८०-०७-२१ |title=NEPAL POLICE: Looking back into the past |url=https://nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/a1/ff/a1ffc275-9554-434c-b158-e5c0df96f9a2/interpol-book-final.pdf |journal=Celebrating 100 Years of Interpol |pages=17}}</ref> तोरण शमशेर ज.ब.रा. पहिलो प्रहरी महानिरिक्षकका (IGP) रूपमा नियुक्त भएका थिए ।<ref>{{Cite journal |last=गृह मन्त्रालय |first=नेपाल सरकार |title=नेपाल प्रहरी |url=https://www.moha.gov.np/upload/e66443e81e8cc9c4fa5c099a1fb1bb87/files/yearly_pratibedan_07576.pdf |journal=वार्षिक प्रगति प्रतिवेदन |volume=2085/76 |pages=10-12}}</ref> उनको ३ दिने आइजिपी कार्याकाल यसप्रकार रह्यो। * चैत्र २८: आइजिपी नियुक्त * चैत्र २९: सार्वजनिक सुरक्षा ऐन लागु * चैत्र ३०: बिहान ५ बजे: गोरखा दलका सभापति [[रणधीर सुब्बा]] र महामन्त्री [[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरत शमशेर]] लगायत गिरफ्तार * चैत्र ३०: दिउँसो ३ बजे: गृहमन्त्री निवास तथा कार्यालयमा गोरखा दलका कार्यकर्ताद्वारा आक्रमण उनी आइजीपी छँदा नै [[खुकुरी दल]]ले गृहमन्त्री बिपी कोइरालाको निवासमा आक्रमण गर्‍यो। ३ दिनभित्रै उनको सोच बदलियो, नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने निर्णय गरे । आईजीपी तोरण शमशेरले राजा त्रिभुवनलाई आफ्नो इच्छा सुनाए । तोरण शमशेरको चाहना बुझेर राजा त्रिभुवनले पनि उनलाई नेपाली सेनातर्फ फर्कने अनुमति दिएपछि [[मेजर जनरल]] (आर्क्टिङ लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल) पदमा बढुवा भएर पुनः तोरण शमशेर नेपाली सेनामा फर्किए । तोरण शमशेरको आईजीपी कार्यकाल मात्र ३ दिनको भयो। तोरण शमशेरले सदर पुलिस गोस्वारामा दिएको पद बहाली मन्तव्य [[गोरखापत्र]]मा चैत्र ३१ मा प्रकाशित हुँदा उनी उक्त पदबाट मुक्त भैसकेका थिए। सेनामा फर्किए र दोस्रो महानिरीक्षकको रूपमा २००८ बैशाख १ मा [[नर शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|नर शमशेर जबरा]] आए। नेपाल प्रहरीमा लामो समय सम्म पनि उनलाई आइजीपी मानिएको थिएन। नर शमशेरलाई नै पहिलो आइजीपी मानिदै आएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite journal |date=२०४१ असोज ३० |title=A Tribute to Our Peers |url=https://www.nepalpolice.gov.np/media/filer_public/1e/de/1ede7f10-c82d-4e31-be60-8f3401b13c65/police-mirror-1984-2041-final.pdf |journal=प्रहरी दर्पण |volume=1984 |pages=37-41}}</ref> === सैन्य जीवन === उनी १९७६ सालमा मेजरमा भर्ना भएर २००७ सालमा ब्रिगेडिएर जनरल भएका थिए । पुलीस आइजिपि पद त्यागेर चैत्र ३० मा नेपाली सेनामा फर्कदा उनी मेजर जनरलमा बढुवा भए। २००८ चैत्र ५ मा राजपत्रमा प्रकाशित रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सुचना अनुसार चैत्र २९ मा उनलाई राजा त्रिभुवनले आर्क्टिङ लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल पद दिएका थिए। २००८ माघ १५मा स्थायी [[लेफ्टिनेन्ट जनरल]] नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |date=२००८ चैत्र ५ |title=नेपाल गजेट, रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना |url=http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=3204 |access-date=2022-05-27 |website=rajpatra.dop.gov.np|last=जोशी|first=विष्णु ध्वज}}</ref> रथी (लेफ्टिनेन्ट जर्नेल)मा पदोन्नति भएदेखि नै उनी अन्य राणाजीहरू झैं श्रीपेच लगाउन चाहन्थे तर [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]ले दिएनन्। [[त्रिभुवन वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा त्रिभुवन]]ले उनको लागि विशेष टोपीको व्यवस्था गरेका थिए तर असन्तुष्ट रहेका तोरणले टोपी लगाउन मानेनन् र आफ्नो मुडुलो टाउको नै लिएर हिड्ने गर्थे । === [[नेपालको प्रधान सेनापति|प्रधान सेनापति]] === तोरण शमशेर २० मे १९५६ देखि २० मे १९६० सम्म प्रधानसेनापति रहे। [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|के आई सिंह]] प्रधानमन्त्री भएको बेला उनको र प्रधानमन्त्री निकै तनाव भयो। भैरहवा जेलबाट भागेका सिंहलाई समात्न तोरण शमशेरको भुमिका थियो। के आइ सिंहले उनलाई आफ्ना र कम्युनिस्ट कार्यकर्ता छुटाउन आदेश दिए। उनले राजाको अगाडि प्रधानमन्त्रीको बिरोध गरे।<ref>{{cite book|title=India Meeta China in Nepal|author=गिरिलाल जैन|page=६०|date=1959|publisher=Asia Publishing House|isbn=|url=}}</ref> ४ वर्षे सेनापतिको कार्यकाल सकेर उनी बि.सं. २०१७ सालमा अवकाश भए। === निर्माण समिति === तोरण शम्शेर कान्ति राज पथ निर्माण समितिका अध्यक्ष थिए । र कान्ति राजपथको उत्घाटन समारोहमा उनले [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]बाट ॐ राम पट्ट तक्मा पाएका थिए । <ref>[http://Rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book?ref=4390 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, श्रावण १६ गते २०१६ साल रक्षा मन्त्रालयको सूचना]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> उनी [[महेन्द्र राजमार्ग|पूर्व पश्चिम राजमार्ग]] निर्माण समितिको समेत सदस्य थिए । <ref>[http://rajpatra.dop.gov.np/welcome/book/?ref=1300 नेपाल गजेट भाग ४ काठमाडौँ, खण्ड ११ काठमाडौँ, माघ ३ गते २०१८ साल अतिरिक्ताङ्क 58]</ref> == सन्दर्भहरू == {{reflist}} {{ढाँचा:नेपाल प्रहरीका प्रमुखहरू}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाली सेनाका प्रधान सेनापतिहरू]] [[श्रेणी :गोरखा दक्षिण बाहु]] [[श्रेणी:वीरशमशेर खलक]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरीका महानिरीक्षकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल प्रहरी]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९०४ मा जन्म]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका प्रहरी महानिरीक्षकहरू]] kmvj3cgreided3s47t531509izhuv7o 3 106408 1358371 1349476 2026-06-08T07:44:07Z Nirjal stha 14613 अधिसूचना: शीघ्र मेटाउने नामाङ्कन [[:बुखारा (रेस्टुरेन्ट)]]। 1358371 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- |[[File:Namaste.gif|100px|left|नमस्ते]] [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb|सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्।]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू''' समस्त [[विकिपिडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईँलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपिडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष|विश्वकोश]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरू सङ्ग्रहित हुन्छन्। *हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईँ हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी बनाऔँ। *विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईँ पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा पहिले देखि नै भएका लेखमा सामग्री थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपिडियामा तपाईँद्वारा सृजना गरिएका कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबैभन्दा पहिले दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरू]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईँको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपिडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकीको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपिडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरूका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *परीक्षणको लागि [{{fullurl:Special:Mypage/प्रयोगस्थल|action=edit&preload=Template:User_Sandbox/preload}} आफ्नो प्रयोगस्थल] पृष्ठमा अभ्यास गर्नुहोस। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईँले एउटा विकिपिडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरू सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईँको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठको लिङ्क र मिति थपिने छ। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रबन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> |} - [[File:Rp signature.jpg|40px|link=User:Ram Prasad Joshee]] <big><span style="border:1px solid #0000ff;padding:1px;">[[User_talk:Ram Prasad Joshee|<font style="color:red;background:silver;"> &nbsp;वार्ता&nbsp;</font>]] </span></big> २१:२८, १६ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ (युटिसी(UTC)) == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> ==[[:जय बिष्ट]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} यस [[:जय बिष्ट]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले७|ले७]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत एक वास्तविक व्यक्ति वा मानिसहरूको समूहलाई जनाउदछ। विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] ज्ञानकोशमा भएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्री प्रमाणित भएको हुनुपर्नेछ । तर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] नभएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। थप जानकारिका लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनियता|विकिपिडिया उल्लेखनियता]] पढ्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:जय बिष्ट|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}। <!-- Template:Db-notability-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५७, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) :@[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] :धन्यवाद तपाईंको जानकारी र सुझावका लागि। :म यो विषयमा सहमत छु कि विकिपिडियामा रहेका सामग्रीहरू विश्वसनीय र प्रमाणित स्रोतमा आधारित हुनुपर्छ। यदि “जय बिष्ट” सम्बन्धी लेखमा आवश्यक उल्लेखनीयता वा विश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू अभावमा छन् भने, म त्यसलाई सुधार गर्न प्रयास गर्नेछु। म विश्वसनीय सन्दर्भहरू थप्ने र विकिपिडियाको नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशअनुसार सामग्रीलाई अद्यावधिक गर्नेछु। :यदि आवश्यक मापदण्ड पूरा गर्न सम्भव भएन भने, म मेटाउने प्रक्रियालाई पनि सम्मान गर्नेछु। तपाईंले दिएको मार्गदर्शनका लागि पुनः धन्यवाद। [[User:Ramesh Deuba|Ramesh Deuba]] ([[User talk:Ramesh Deuba|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:१५, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) ==[[:डाकू ओमपुरी]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:डाकू ओमपुरी]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:डाकू ओमपुरी|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82+%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। <!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:५२, १ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) :@[[प्रयोगकर्ता:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] नमस्कार, :तपाईँको सूचनाका लागि धन्यवाद। उक्त पृष्ठमा पर्याप्त सन्दर्भ र प्रमाणको कमी रहेको कुरा मैले बुझेँ। म छिट्टै विश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू थपेर लेखलाई विकिपिडियाका नीति तथा मापदण्ड अनुसार सुधार गर्ने प्रयास गर्नेछु। :यदि कुनै विशेष दिशानिर्देश वा सुझावहरू छन् भने कृपया जानकारी गराइदिनु होला, ताकि लेखलाई अझ राम्रो बनाउन सकियोस्। सहयोगका लागि धन्यवाद। :धन्यवाद। [[User:Ramesh Deuba|Ramesh Deuba]] ([[User talk:Ramesh Deuba|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:०५, १ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) ==[[:बुखारा (रेस्टुरेन्ट)]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} यस [[:बुखारा (रेस्टुरेन्ट)]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड अन्तर्गतको [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार#सा११|सा११]], '''प्रचार गर्नका निमित्त निर्माण गरिएको''' र '''आधारभुत रूपमा पुनर्लेखन गरी सपार्न नसकिने'''लाई जनाउदछ। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:बुखारा (रेस्टुरेन्ट)|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE+%28%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%29|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। |rfudlink = no }}<!-- Template:Db-spam-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:Nirjal stha|nShrestha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १३:२९, ८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) 12ii48tphqp8z7svqprloov9ivkey69 10 107820 1358123 2019-03-04T05:32:38Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 [[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '<includeonly><!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back --...' 1358123 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{1}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly> eqjjjobrvag6r1zl11srcxdhrprzsop 1358124 1358123 2019-03-04T05:35:00Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 typo 1358124 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly> s479pvscfucb82qqndd28qbi28t9exu 1358125 1358124 2019-03-04T05:38:12Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 {{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} 1358125 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly> n7g3bu2o5h6jitcjmynx1rm04h7qkuz 1358126 1358125 2019-03-04T05:39:27Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 diagnose 1358126 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> * 1 = [{{{1}}}] * 2 = [{{{2}}}] * 3 = [{{{3}}}] {{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly> 5zbblvqxsoshqhkfks2616kr3c1pfe0 1358127 1358126 2019-03-04T05:48:20Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 try {{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear/sandbox|navyear|{{{1}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} 1358127 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> * 1 = [{{{1}}}] * 2 = [{{{2}}}] * 3 = [{{{3}}}] {{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear/sandbox|navyear|{{{1}}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly> 24w9amqp6470iw5uu7huvdmdap8ljq3 1358128 1358127 2019-03-04T05:49:01Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 typo 1358128 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> * 1 = [{{{1}}}] * 2 = [{{{2}}}] * 3 = [{{{3}}}] {{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear/sandbox|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly> sek8tmngutx85paon6mjpylf9vvda9g 1358129 1358128 2019-03-04T05:49:45Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 try live version of {{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear}} 1358129 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> * 1 = [{{{1}}}] * 2 = [{{{2}}}] * 3 = [{{{3}}}] {{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly> pansf2u4lveyu2f8anbpmg35x7tzk9d 1358130 1358129 2019-03-04T05:51:17Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 strip diagnostics 1358130 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> nwfqitnt5bisqn52bzupmxy53c41ddd 1358131 1358130 2019-03-04T05:55:59Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Protected "[[Template:Navseasoncats/decades below year]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]: Being deployed on over 25,000 category pages, which won't show up yet in what-links-here ([Edit=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite)) 1358130 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> nwfqitnt5bisqn52bzupmxy53c41ddd 1358132 1358131 2019-03-04T05:58:07Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Changed protection level for "[[Template:Navseasoncats/decades below year]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]: Being deployed on over 25,000 category pages, which won't show up yet in what-links-here ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 1358130 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> nwfqitnt5bisqn52bzupmxy53c41ddd 1358133 1358132 2019-03-04T06:12:44Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 BrownHairedGirl moved page [[Template:Navseasoncats/decades below year]] to [[Template:Navseasoncats with decades below year]] 1358130 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> nwfqitnt5bisqn52bzupmxy53c41ddd 1358134 1358133 2019-03-04T06:28:58Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 the 1358134 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> muq2ow9zkv44w15nfrri0ragkpjp69w 1358135 1358134 2019-03-04T06:31:19Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 &#32; 1358135 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the }} {{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} + 30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0bcqjdojfl1b7boe92sq0mzljhkkdd3 1358136 1358135 2019-03-04T06:35:47Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 tweak 1358136 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}} {{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7lzgl3rxeyuh4e5oogq1iiyhaptm2u4 1358137 1358136 2019-03-04T06:40:18Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 trim spaces 1358137 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}} <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ono8twdlibnmapl2be8nynbdgs0d7rd 1358138 1358137 2019-03-05T20:15:26Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade 1358138 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: {{Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}} | <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> au3v2tm8zwq7kotry4357n3jwakkh91 1358139 1358138 2019-03-05T20:17:21Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 typo 1358139 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: {{Category:{{{1}}} {{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}} | <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> lrfthu86rlm1jjzuv5eao75y0hg7a78 1358140 1358139 2019-03-05T20:18:14Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 rm stray brackets 1358140 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}} | <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> o2tuia0pt271ts4h4ke6tz71daeu0dm 1358141 1358140 2019-03-05T20:20:03Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 test 1358141 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}} {{{3}}} | <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> id21y7ws93qmru5ylewgfrzrskrl4la 1358142 1358141 2019-03-05T20:23:08Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 rv test 1358142 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}} | <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}</includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> o2tuia0pt271ts4h4ke6tz71daeu0dm 1358143 1358142 2019-03-06T01:27:55Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 try wrapping the whole thing in a div block to fix alignment issues 1358143 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}} | <!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 03vr0gnahby1q7r6blefzhj51o2wbmz 1358144 1358143 2019-03-06T01:30:25Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 trim whitespace 1358144 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}} |<!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"> <!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0vi04tbzh5qvls1qw6m969fow4j5fyu 1358145 1358144 2019-03-06T01:37:24Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 trim whitespace 1358145 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:auto; width:100%; font-size:90%"><!-- --><!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> l4y3o07sidlug6nn1awunzgzpsa0uwv 1358146 1358145 2019-03-06T01:39:20Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 margin:1em; 1358146 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:1em; width:100%; font-size:90%"><!-- --><!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 0cvcmkyevgz70wifrkomzmokmwpha74 1358147 1358146 2019-03-06T01:40:26Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 margin:0.7em 1em 1em 1em 1.2em 1358147 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:0.7em 1em 1em 1em 1.2em; width:100%; font-size:90%"><!-- --><!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ffc3iscca60me71e091sg4nucp02jez 1358148 1358147 2019-03-06T01:41:09Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 margin:0.7em 1em 1em 1.2em 1358148 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav --><div style="display:block; text-align:center; margin:0.7em 1em 1em 1.2em; width:100%; font-size:90%"><!-- --><!-- 3 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} - 30}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades back -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Previous decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} -10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; << &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Current decade -->'''[[:Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}{{!}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}]]'''<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- Next decade -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +10}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 2 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +20}}}}}}<!-- --> &nbsp; >> &nbsp; <!-- --><!-- 3 decades ahead -->{{LinkCatIfExists2|{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}{{{3}}}|{{DECADE|{{#expr: {{{2}}} +30}}}}}}</div><!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> k527xtpeaitqm0l5qidew8ibkb2kjx0 1358149 1358148 2019-05-07T00:57:04Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Replace hardcoded decade nav w {{Navseasoncats|cat=}}, per [[Special:Permalink/895811867#Duplicate nav templates|User talk:BrownHairedGirl#Duplicate nav templates]] 1358149 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|cat={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 448v8ygp2nqurc05cd6l6iw2uo1uoxd 1358150 1358149 2019-05-24T13:17:36Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Migrate general 'cat' param to special-use 'decade-below-year' param, from sandboxes 1358150 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> fw0jkb9mvzw0hp2wi7ow0nrd7fol2k2 1358151 1358150 2019-08-25T16:54:10Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 max={{max}} 1358151 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|max={{max}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> k1fey3k2za8wi0du4e55k22ztrcqu4n 1358152 1358151 2019-08-25T16:55:18Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 typo 1358152 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|max={{{max}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> rjs7de2vxd770d7ejziltzm5r3ix6wd 1358153 1358152 2019-08-25T16:56:40Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 typo 1358153 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|max={{{max}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> taavc6u5854ycp3vfcfyenww04cj4or 1358154 1358153 2019-08-25T16:57:19Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 max={{{max|}}} 1358154 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|max={{{max|}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ijuzwnv3r0l6ateb1t4oj7bxkc1gbop 1358155 1358154 2019-08-25T16:59:14Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Reverted edits by [[Special:Contribs/BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] ([[User talk:BrownHairedGirl|talk]]) to last version by Tom.Reding 1358155 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> fw0jkb9mvzw0hp2wi7ow0nrd7fol2k2 1358156 1358155 2019-08-25T17:05:31Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 |min={{{min|}}} 1358156 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|min={{{min|}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> bh89tplhentme5qtgdex5qa3p7zeryr 1358157 1358156 2019-08-25T17:18:33Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Set default min=-9999 1358157 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|min={{{min|-9999}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> adj4m6m8y0qqd0f1w2y60fsh8eh43u5 1358158 1358157 2019-08-25T17:21:03Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Actually min=10 since navyear isn't meant to handle the BC anyway 1358158 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|min={{{min|10}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ibmdh9aw7wurdm81au5vmmmyb1w6730 1358159 1358158 2019-08-25T17:36:42Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Reverted to revision 898570892 by [[Special:Contributions/Tom.Reding|Tom.Reding]] ([[User talk:Tom.Reding|talk]]): Restore last working version, i.e. 13:17, 24 May 2019‎ by [[User:Tom.Reding]] ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 1358159 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> fw0jkb9mvzw0hp2wi7ow0nrd7fol2k2 1358160 1358159 2019-08-27T17:32:33Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Try again after relaxing [[Module:Navseasoncats]]'s sterilizedec(); pass min/max to [[Module:Navseasoncats/navyear]] 1358160 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block; width:100%;"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that: -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|min={{{min|}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> oy77i5ck87wp6r7vw4emvstnmvbpkgw 1358161 757701 2020-03-28T13:12:32Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Fix alignment problem where the two rows don't always align if there are boxes on the right, by setting the CSS max-width property (see https://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_dim_max-width.asp) to always leave space for them: <div style="display:block !important; max-width: calc(100% - 25em); 1358161 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><div style="display:block !important; max-width: calc(100% - 25em);"><!-- # Invoke Module:Navseasoncats/navyear for the by-year navigation -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{{1}}}|{{{2}}}|{{{3}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- # Do decades nav only if a category exists for the current decade. # Not all by-year series have a parent decade category, and there is no point in making a line of greyed-out entries for those cases. # If they do have a decade parent, there will be one for the current year, so we only need to test for that: -->{{#ifexist: Category:{{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|<!-- ######## Begin decades nav -->{{Navseasoncats|decade-below-year={{{1}}}{{#if:{{{1}}}|the&#32;}}{{DECADE|{{{2}}}}}{{{3}}}|min={{{min|}}}}}<!-- ######## End decades nav -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 88v8jyf948lnii8bqowcs88nn8e6gwj 1358162 1358161 2020-08-19T14:23:00Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 use [[Module:Navseasoncats with decades below year]], as tested at [[special:permalink/973830995]]. This removes the need for parameters in normal usage 1358162 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#if: {{{cat|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## We have a cat= parameter, so handle it just like navseasoncats -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with decades below year|dby|{{{cat}}}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## No cat= parameter, so use unammed params if they exist -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with decades below year|dby|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- ## Track usage of multiple unnamed parameters ## The original template required 3 parameters, ## where the the 2nd param would always be non-empty ## So check for a non-empty 2nd param -->{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year with multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year without multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> 98bf1834jjhw21f4duzsz1hodhudecv 1358163 1358162 2020-08-19T14:45:30Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 {{Category other}} 1358163 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#if: {{{cat|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## We have a cat= parameter, so handle it just like navseasoncats -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with decades below year|dby|{{{cat}}}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## No cat= parameter, so use unammed params if they exist -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with decades below year|dby|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- ## Track usage of multiple unnamed parameters ## The original template required 3 parameters, ## where the the 2nd param would always be non-empty ## So check for a non-empty 2nd param -->{{Category other|{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year with multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year without multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->}}}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ld8viyrkol9d1prs65j9mnlqxra0ht9 1358164 1358163 2020-08-20T13:32:32Z en>Gonnym 0 Since the code I wrote was in the sandbox for almost half a year prior waiting for review and since I opposed your change on your talk page and since you are not willing to engage in discussion, I'm using the version which is better coded. [[Template:Navseasoncats with decades below year/testcases]] live output matches all /sandbox output 1358164 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#if: {{{cat|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## We have a cat= parameter, so handle it just like navseasoncats -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{cat}}}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## No cat= parameter, so use unammed params if they exist -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- <includeonly><!-- ## Track usage of multiple unnamed parameters ## The original template required 3 parameters, ## where the the 2nd param would always be non-empty ## So check for a non-empty 2nd param -->{{Category other|{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year with multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year without multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->}}}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> eym1zpg74i7c7hsm8hfcz3r7nz8409u 1358165 1358164 2020-08-24T04:45:38Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 The prev edit summary by [[user:Gonnym|Gonnym]] is mendacious. Gonnym says I was "not willing to engage in discussion", but in truth a lengthy discussion was ongoing: see [[Special:Permalink/974630066#Module:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year]]. It's not my fault that for 6 months Gonnym failed to create either a working template of the draft module or a set of live testcases, nor my fault that Gonnym was unaware of the full set of use cases. 1358165 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#if: {{{cat|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## We have a cat= parameter, so handle it just like navseasoncats -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{cat}}}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## No cat= parameter, so use unammed params if they exist -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- <includeonly><!-- ## Track usage of multiple unnamed parameters ## The original template required 3 parameters, ## where the the 2nd param would always be non-empty ## So check for a non-empty 2nd param -->{{Category other|{{#if: {{{2|}}} <!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year with multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year without multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->}}}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> caz65dnhoo4mt6o5jgb0dvit0uven90 1358166 1358165 2020-08-24T04:48:13Z en>Gonnym 0 Undid revision 974642617 by [[Special:Contributions/BrownHairedGirl|BrownHairedGirl]] ([[User talk:BrownHairedGirl|talk]]) since you are talking in the edit summary i'll respond. This is the exact code I showed you in the start of the discussion, and as shown by you not noticing until now, also works. Please learn to be more humble. 1358166 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#if: {{{cat|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## We have a cat= parameter, so handle it just like navseasoncats -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{cat}}}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## No cat= parameter, so use unammed params if they exist -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{1|}}}{{{2|}}}{{{3|}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- <includeonly><!-- ## Track usage of multiple unnamed parameters ## The original template required 3 parameters, ## where the the 2nd param would always be non-empty ## So check for a non-empty 2nd param -->{{Category other|{{#if: {{{2|}}}<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year with multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->|[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year without multiple unnamed parameters]]<!-- -->}}}}<!-- --></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> eym1zpg74i7c7hsm8hfcz3r7nz8409u 1358167 1358166 2020-08-24T04:51:06Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 all uses of split-title parameters have purged: |[[Category:Navseasoncats with decades below year with multiple unnamed parameters]] is now empty. So remove support for split title parameters. I will respond further to [[user:Gonnym|Gonnym]]'s slurs on his talk 1358167 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#if: {{{cat|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## We have a cat= parameter, so handle it just like navseasoncats -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{cat}}}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## No cat= parameter, so use an unammed params if it exists -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|{{{1|}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- <includeonly></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> dy0cfn7e4fgc1h2qs674j0x5zgs1rlr 1358168 1358167 2021-08-11T16:40:25Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Implement [[Special:Permalink/1038282926#Adding decade-below-year & century-below-decade functionality by default|Template talk:Navseasoncats#Adding decade-below-year & century-below-decade functionality by default]]; testcase readability fmting; from all relevant sandboxes 1358168 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><!-- -->{{#if: {{{cat|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## We have a cat= parameter, so handle it just like navseasoncats -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|testcase={{{cat}}}}}<!-- -->|<!-- ## No cat= parameter, so use an unammed params if it exists -->{{#invoke:Navseasoncats with year navigation|decadesBelowYear|cat={{{1|}}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- <includeonly></includeonly><noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> ru8uka0h4n8xbrqcvauhs18dbajtwwz 1358169 1358168 2021-08-20T12:30:23Z en>Tom.Reding 0 #REDIRECT [[Template:Navseasoncats]]; no more indirect transclusions in cat space 1358169 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Navseasoncats]] plbn5u9uepw0r6l13ktoixap1wkilq6 1358170 1358169 2023-10-31T12:47:37Z en>EmausBot 0 Bot: Fixing double redirect to [[Template:Category series navigation]] 1358170 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category series navigation]] otzt6u4e96o6qrsh80p9hq91ubgmonq 1358171 1358170 2026-06-07T14:34:51Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[:en:Template:Navseasoncats_with_decades_below_year]] बाट ४८ संशोधन(हरू): आयात गर्दै 1358170 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category series navigation]] otzt6u4e96o6qrsh80p9hq91ubgmonq 0 109109 1358105 1319577 2026-06-07T13:31:32Z ~2026-33777-33 79168 1358105 wikitext text/x-wiki '''गृह मन्त्री''' [[गृह मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|गृह मन्त्रालय]]को प्रमुख व्यक्ति हुन। नेपालका हालका गृह मन्त्री [[बालेन्द्र शाह|बालेन्द्र शाह]] हुन। ==पूर्व गृह मन्त्री== {| class="wikitable" |+ !मन्त्री !'''कार्य अवधि''' |- |योग प्रसाद उपाध्याय |२०४६ चैत्र २४ - २०४८ जेष्ठ १४ |- |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा]] |२०४८ जेष्ठ १५ - २०५१ मंसिर १३ |- |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]] |२०५१ मंसिर १४ - २०५२ आश्विन ५ |- |खुम बहादुर खड्का |२०५२ आश्विन ५ - २०५३ फाल्गुन २८ |- |[[वामदेव गौतम|बामदेव गौतम्]] |२०५३ फाल्गुन २९ - २०५४ आश्विन २६ |- |बुद्धि मान तामाङ |२०५४ आश्विन २७ - २०५४ मंसिर १७ |- |खुम बहादुर खड्का |२०५४ मंसिर १८ - २०५५ बैशाख ७ |- |[[गोविन्दराज जोशी|गोविन्द राज जोशी]] |२०५५ बैशाख ८ - २०५६ असार १५ |- |[[पूर्णबहादुर खड्का|पूर्ण बहादुर खड्का]] |२०५६ असार १६ - २०५६ चैत्र ७ |- |[[रामचन्द्र पौडेल|राम चन्द्र पौडेल]] |२०५६ चैत्र ८ - २०५८ श्रावण १० |- |धर्म बहादुर थापा |२०५९ आश्विन २५ - २०६० जेष्ठ १ |- |दान बहादुर शाही |२०६१ बैशाख २० - २०६२ मंसिर ३ |- |[[कृष्णप्रसाद सिटौला|कृष्ण प्रसाद सिटौला]] |२०६३ बैशाख १२ - २०६५ भाद्र ५ |- |[[भीमबहादुर रावल|भिम बहादुर रावल]] |२०६६ असार ३ - २०६७ माघ २२ |- |[[कृष्णबहादुर महरा|कृष्ण बहादुर महरा]] |२०६८ बैशाख २० - २०६८ श्रावण १५ |- |[[नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ]] |२०६८ श्रावण १६ - २०६८ भाद्र ३ |- |[[विजयकुमार गच्छदार|बिजय कुमार गच्छदार]] |२०६८ भाद्र १२ - २०६९ फाल्गुन ३० |- |[[माधवप्रसाद घिमिरे (प्रशासक)|माधव प्रसाद घिमिरे]] |२०६९ चैत्र ४ - २०७० माघ २७ |- |[[शक्तिबहादुर बस्नेत|शक्ति बहादुर बस्‍नेत]] |२०७२ आश्विन १ - २०७३ श्रावण २० |- |[[विमलेन्द्र निधि|विमलेन्द्र निधी]] |२०७३ श्रावण २० - २०७४ जेष्ठ २४ |- |[[जनार्दन शर्मा]] |२०७४ असार १२ - २०७४ आश्विन ३१ |- |[[रामबहादुर थापा|राम बहादुर थापा 'बादल']] |२०७४ फाल्गुन १४ - २०७८ असार २८ |- |[[बालकृष्ण खाँण|बालकृष्ण खाण]] |२०७८ असार २९ - २०७९ पुष ११ |- |[[रवि लामिछाने]] |२०७९ पुष ११ - २०७९ माघ १३ |- |पुष्पकमल दाहाल 'प्रचण्ड' |२०७९ माघ १४ - २०७९ चैत्र १७ |- |नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ |२०७९ चैत्र १८ |} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गृह मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)]] [[श्रेणी:मन्त्रालयहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका गृह मन्त्रीहरू| ]] 1ivszn41aq2ypx99uyldxl56r9jubmf 0 109313 1358397 1328556 2026-06-08T11:22:02Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् */ 1358397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ठुटो}} {{Infobox organization |name = नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल |image = |size = |alt = <!-- alt text; see [[WP:ALT]] --> |map = <!-- optional --> |msize = <!-- map size, optional, default 200px --> |malt = <!-- map alt text --> |mcaption = <!-- optional --> |abbreviation = |formation = 1964 Feb 28 |type = <!-- GO, NGO, IGO, INGO, etc --> |status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --> |purpose = <!-- focus as e.g. humanitarian, peacekeeping, etc --> |headquarters = [[काठमाडौँ]] |location = |coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using a coordinates template --> |language = <!-- official languages --> |leader_title = <!-- position title for the leader of the org --> |leader_name = [[भगमन कोइराला|प्रा. डा. भगमन कोइराला]] |main_organ = परिषद |parent_organization = <!-- if one --> |affiliations = [[नेपाल सरकार]] |website = [http://www.nmc.org.np नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल] |remarks = }} '''नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल''' चिकित्सा शिक्षा र नेपालमा डाक्टरहरूको रेजिष्ट्रेसन नियन्त्रण गर्ने एक वैधानिक निकाय हो ।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/news/35294/?categoryId=81 |title=Foreign doctors without NMC permission arrested|accessdate=05 Jan 2020}}</ref> नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिलको स्थापना ''नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल ऐन, २०२०'' बमोजिम भएको हो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=काउन्सिल |first=नेपाल मेडिकल |title=नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल ऐन, २०२० |url=https://nmc.org.np/files/4/नेपाल%20मेडिकल%20काउन्सिल%20ऐन-२०२०.pdf |archive-url=https://nmc.org.np/files/4/नेपाल%20मेडिकल%20काउन्सिल%20ऐन-२०२०.pdf |website=नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818091750/https://nmc.org.np/files/4/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%20%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A8-%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6.pdf |date=2023-08-18 }}</ref> == गठन == काउन्सिलमा देहायका सदस्यहरू छन्ः– {| class="wikitable" |+ ! !विवरण !नियुक्त हुने !पद !संख्या |- |क |दर्तावाला चिकित्सकको रूपमा कम्तीमा बीस वर्षको अनुभव हासिल गरेको र चिकित्सा सम्बन्धी विषयमा कम्तीमा स्नातकोत्तर उपाधि प्राप्त चिकित्सकमध्ये |नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत |अध्यक्ष |१ |- |ख |दर्तावाला चिकित्सकहरूले कम्तीमा पन्ध्र वर्षको अनुभव हासिल गरेका दर्तावाला चिकित्सकमध्येबाट चिकित्सक |तोकिएबमोजिम निर्वाचन गरी पठाएको |उपाध्यक्ष |१ |- |ग |अध्यक्ष, नेपाल चिकित्सक संघ | |सदस्य |१ |- |घ |आधुनिक चिकित्साशास्त्र सम्बन्धी विषयमा अध्ययन हुने विश्वविद्यालय वा स्वास्थ्य विज्ञान प्रतिष्ठानका डीन वा शिक्षाध्यक्षमध्ये |नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत |सदस्य |१ |- |ङ |उपभोक्ताहरूमध्ये |नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत |सदस्य |१ |- |च |दर्तावाला चिकित्सकमध्ये तोकिएबमोजिम निर्वाचित चिकित्सक |निर्वाचित |सदस्य |८ |- |छ |अध्यक्ष, नेपाल दन्त चिकित्सक संघ | |सदस्य |१ |- |ज |दन्त चिकित्सक बाहेक चिकित्सा सम्बन्धी विचिकित्सक बाहेक चिकित्सा सम्बन्धी विषयमा कम्तीमा स्नातकोत्तर उपाधि प्राप्त चिकित्सकमध्ये |नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत |सदस्य |३ |- |झा |कम्तीमा स्नातकोत्तर उपाधि प्राप्त दन्त चिकित्सकमध्ये |नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत |सदस्य |२ |- | | | |'''कुल''' |'''१९''' |- | colspan="5" | * काउन्सिलका मनोनीत वा निर्वाचित सदस्यहरूको पदावधि चार वर्षको हुनेछ । * पदावधि समाप्त भएपछि निजहरू पुनः मनोनीत वा निर्वाचित हुन सक्नेछन्। * तर नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत सदस्यलाई नेपाल सरकारले उचित कारण देखाई सदस्यबाट हटाउन सक्नेछ । |- | colspan="5" |पदावधि समाप्त नहुँदै कुनै सदस्यको पद रिक्त हुन आएमा बाँकी अवधिको लागि अर्को सदस्य मनोनीत वा निर्वाचित हुनेछ । |} == काउन्सिलको काम, कर्तव्य र अधिकार == # [[चिकित्सा शास्त्र|चिकित्साशास्त्र]] अध्ययन अध्यापन गराइने तथा तालिम दिने दिलाउने मेडिकल कलेजलाई तोकिए बमोजिम मान्यता दिने । # चिकित्साशास्त्र अध्ययन अध्यापन गराउने तालिम दिने दिलाउने मेडिकल कलेजको पाठ्यक्रम भर्नाका शर्तहरू तथा परीक्षा प्रणाली सम्बन्धी तोकिए बमोजिमको नीति तथा अन्य आवश्यक पूर्वाधारहरू तथा मापदण्ड सम्बन्धी कुराहरूको मूल्याङ्कन र पुनरावलोकन गर्दा सो बमोजिम नभएको ठहर भएमा दर्ता तथा स्वीकृति खारेजीको लागि सिफारिस गर्ने । # चिकित्सा व्यवसाय सुचारु रूपले सञ्चालन गर्न आवश्यक नीति निर्धारण गर्ने । # चिकित्सकहरूको योग्यता निर्धारण गरी योग्यता पुगेका [[चिकित्सक]]हरूको तोकिए बमोजिमको दर्ता प्रमाणपत्र परीक्षा  लिई दर्ता प्रमाणपत्र दिने । # चिकित्सकहरूको तोकिएबमोजिम आचार संहिता तयार गर्ने र त्यस्ता आचार संहिता उल्लङ्घन गर्ने चिकित्सक उपर तोकिएबमोजिम कारबाही गरी दर्ता किताबबाट नाम हटाउने । ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपाल कानुन व्यवसायी परिषद्]] * [[नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद्]] * [[प्रेस काउन्सिल नेपाल]] ==बाह्य कडीहरू== [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा शिक्षा]] 4yf786jd93p34cd7ejy16g95mb7o6w4 0 112958 1358366 1169760 2026-06-08T06:48:36Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358366 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' बिबादित [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने मध्यमा एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो । यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए । गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] d7beb5ypejixh1i86hw09n5f6m1ny9p 1358367 1358366 2026-06-08T07:10:00Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358367 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए । उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो । यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए । गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] eyf3maikzcs6udit2szehwo2yyvjg24 1358368 1358367 2026-06-08T07:16:58Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358368 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए । उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] 7w7igxpfijhokyuyepsp7qr9in0ggcv 1358369 1358368 2026-06-08T07:42:59Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] iq4xzovsqjspgfwz68j6v29u3u0gmj0 1358374 1358369 2026-06-08T08:01:24Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358374 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए। इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका कालागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] er742qn4ys474i5dscw4ius7boftvbl 1358375 1358374 2026-06-08T08:02:47Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* पूर्वज */ 1358375 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका कालागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] bdy18rnyhvwtusmxa03jsic3343qcir 1358376 1358375 2026-06-08T08:08:29Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358376 wikitext text/x-wiki '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय विशिष्ट कुटनैतिक क्षमता भएका व्यक्तित्व थिए। तर चन्द्रशेखर नेपाल दरबारको सम्पर्कमा बसेर लामो समय कूटनीतिमा सक्रिय रहे पनि उनले विसं १८७१–७२ को नेपाल–अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध पन्छाउन सकेनन्। बरु विसं १८७२ फागुनतिर हस्ताक्षर भएको सर्वाधिक विवादित सुगौली सन्धिमा गजराज मिश्रसँगै नेपालका तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने काममा उनी संलग्न हुनु पर्‍यो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तलहटी विवादमा, पृथ्वीनारायणको सफल कूटनीति |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/138513 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका कालागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] 7t3hgb55ph9nxo470ql5irielfok696 1358377 1358376 2026-06-08T08:15:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | honorific_suffix = | name = चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय | honorific_prefix = | image = |image_size = 300px | caption = | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = | death_place = | father = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय | mother = | spouse = | citizenship =[[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] → नेपाल | nationality = [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]<br>नेपाल | children = |office = कलकत्ता वकील कार्यलय, वकील |term_start = |term_end = |monarch = [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] <br> [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] |predecessor = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय |successor = उमाकान्त उपाध्याय |nickname = | birth_name = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय विशिष्ट कुटनैतिक क्षमता भएका व्यक्तित्व थिए। तर चन्द्रशेखर नेपाल दरबारको सम्पर्कमा बसेर लामो समय कूटनीतिमा सक्रिय रहे पनि उनले विसं १८७१–७२ को नेपाल–अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध पन्छाउन सकेनन्। बरु विसं १८७२ फागुनतिर हस्ताक्षर भएको सर्वाधिक विवादित सुगौली सन्धिमा गजराज मिश्रसँगै नेपालका तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने काममा उनी संलग्न हुनु पर्‍यो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तलहटी विवादमा, पृथ्वीनारायणको सफल कूटनीति |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/138513 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका कालागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] 1wmq3i8lysg7jfjqiqa4buk6myspxh3 1358378 1358377 2026-06-08T08:24:14Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | honorific_suffix = | name = चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय | honorific_prefix = | image = |image_size = 300px | caption = | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = | death_place = | father = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय | mother = | spouse = | citizenship =[[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] → नेपाल | nationality = [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]<br>नेपाल | children = |office = कलकत्तामा नेपालको वकिल |term_start = |term_end = |monarch = [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] <br> [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] |predecessor = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय |successor = उमाकान्त उपाध्याय |nickname = | birth_name = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय विशिष्ट कुटनैतिक क्षमता भएका व्यक्तित्व थिए। तर चन्द्रशेखर नेपाल दरबारको सम्पर्कमा बसेर लामो समय कूटनीतिमा सक्रिय रहे पनि उनले विसं १८७१–७२ को नेपाल–अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध पन्छाउन सकेनन्। बरु विसं १८७२ फागुनतिर हस्ताक्षर भएको सर्वाधिक विवादित सुगौली सन्धिमा गजराज मिश्रसँगै नेपालका तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने काममा उनी संलग्न हुनु पर्‍यो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तलहटी विवादमा, पृथ्वीनारायणको सफल कूटनीति |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/138513 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका कालागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] bbtwvswuailn3ydlrwft0ap1h4t1cmc 1358380 1358378 2026-06-08T09:44:14Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | honorific_suffix = | name = चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय | honorific_prefix = | image = |image_size = 300px | caption = | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = | death_place = | father = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय | mother = | spouse = | citizenship =[[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] → नेपाल | nationality = [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]<br>नेपाल | children = |office = कलकत्तामा नेपालको वकिल |term_start = |term_end = |monarch = [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] <br> [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] |predecessor = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय |successor = उमाकान्त उपाध्याय |nickname = | birth_name = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय विशिष्ट कुटनैतिक क्षमता भएका व्यक्तित्व थिए। तर चन्द्रशेखर नेपाल दरबारको सम्पर्कमा बसेर लामो समय कूटनीतिमा सक्रिय रहे पनि उनले वि.सं १८७१–७२ को [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|नेपाल–अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] टार्न सकेनन्। बरु वि.सं १८७२ फागुनतिर हस्ताक्षर भएको सर्वाधिक विवादित [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा [[गजराज मिश्र]]सँगै नेपालका तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने काममा उनी संलग्न हुनु पर्‍यो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तलहटी विवादमा, पृथ्वीनारायणको सफल कूटनीति |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/138513 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका कालागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] t9srd1z68cm0lerdowgprl3sdp3rhri 1358385 1358380 2026-06-08T10:53:13Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | honorific_suffix = | name = चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय | honorific_prefix = | image = |image_size = 300px | caption = | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = | death_place = | father = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय | mother = | spouse = | citizenship =[[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] → नेपाल | nationality = [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]<br>नेपाल | children = |office = कलकत्तामा नेपालको वकिल |term_start = |term_end = |monarch = [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] <br> [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] |predecessor = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय |successor = उमाकान्त उपाध्याय |nickname = | birth_name = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय विशिष्ट कुटनैतिक क्षमता भएका व्यक्तित्व थिए। तर चन्द्रशेखर नेपाल दरबारको सम्पर्कमा बसेर लामो समय कूटनीतिमा सक्रिय रहे पनि उनले वि.सं १८७१–७२ को [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|नेपाल–अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] टार्न सकेनन्। बरु वि.सं १८७२ फागुनतिर हस्ताक्षर भएको सर्वाधिक विवादित [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा [[गजराज मिश्र]]सँगै नेपालका तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने काममा उनी संलग्न हुनु पर्‍यो ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तलहटी विवादमा, पृथ्वीनारायणको सफल कूटनीति |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/138513 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका लागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> == सन्धिवार्ता == नेपालीहरूले बहादुरीसाथ लडेका थिए, तापनि धन र जनले सुसंपन्न शत्रुसितको भीषण मुकाबिलामा नेपाल विजयी हुन सकेन। सेनापति काजी [[अमरसिंह थापा]]को [[आत्मसमर्पण (सैन्य)|आत्मसमर्पण]] पछि त नेपालको युद्ध जित्ने आशा नै मर्न गयो, र अन्तमा विवश मई सन्धिको प्रस्तावका निम्ति बाध्य हुनुपयो । आखिर सन्धिका निम्ति कुरा चल्यो । नेपालसरकारको प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप [[गजराज मिश्र|गजराज]] [[गजराज मिश्र|मिश्र]] तथा चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायहरूले -ब्रिटिश कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप भई आएका कर्नल ब्राडशासित संधिवार्ताहरूमा भाग लिए । वार्तामा कंपनी सरकारका प्रतिनिधिले- 'नेपालको संपूर्ण तराईक्षेत्रमा कंपनी सरकारको अधिकार हुनेछ' भन्ने शर्त राखेको हुँदा पहिलो वार्ता असफल भई टुंगियो । प्रतिनिधिहरू आफआफ्नो देशमा फर्की पुनः युद्धको तयारीमा लाग्न थाले । पछि कंपनीसरकारका अधिकारीहरूले नेपालको संपूर्ण तराई खण्ड लिने मनसुबालाई त्यागेर कोशी र गण्डकीको बीचको भूभाग र अरू केही- क्षेत्र मात्र आफूसँग राखी त्यसको सट्टा दुइ लाख रुपियाँ नेपालसरकारलाई दिने भन्ने शर्त राखी संधि गर्न मञ्जर गरी प्रतिनिधि पठाएको हुँदा- पुनः संधिवार्ता चालू हुन गयो । संधिको प्रस्तावनामा मेजर ब्राडशाले सन् १८१५ डिसेम्बर २ तारीखका दिन सही गरे; र नेपाली प्रतिनिधिले चाहि २८ नोवेम्बरमा सही गरिसकेका थिए । यस संधिको आखिरी दफामुताबिक नेपालसरकारबाट पन्ध्र दिनभिन्न तथा बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट बीस दिनभित्र, अथवा सकेसम्म त्योभन्दा पनि अगाडि स्वीकृति लिनुपर्ने थियो । तर निश्चित अवधिभिन नेपालसरकारबाट स्वीकृति प्राप्त हुन सकेन । नेपालदरबारमा अंग्रेजद्वारा प्रेषित यस संधिलाई स्वीकार गर्ने नगर्ने, भन्ने कुरामा ठूलो बहस चल्यो । [[अमरसिंह थापा]], [[रणजोर थापा]]हरू पुनः युद्ध गर्ने पक्षमा थिए । उनीहरूको विचारानुसार वर्षा प्रारम्भ हुनासाथ अंग्रेजहरू पछाडि हट्न बाध्य हुने थिए । तर त्यस बेलाको स्थिति यस्तो भैसकेको थियो कि लडाइँ जारी गरिराख्नमा नेपाललाई कल्याण थिएन, न त संभव नै थियो। सन्धिपत्रमा नेपालसरकारतर्फबाट निश्चित अवधिभिन्न सही नभएकोले तथा नेपालको युद्ध ने गर्ने इरादा थियो भन्ने किसिमको सूचना पाएकोले- मेजर जनरल ऑक्टरलोनीको नेतृत्वमा एक दल फौजले काठमाडौंतिर प्रस्थान गयो। युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने भारादारमध्येका [[रणजोर थापा]]ले आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[हरिहरपुरगढी|हरिहरपुरको गढी]]लाई रक्षा गर्न सकेनन्। उता अक्टरलोनी [[चुरे|चुरेको पहाड]] हुँदै मकवानपुर पुगे। मकवानपुरमा पनि नेपालीहरू हारेपछि नेपालसरकारका युद्धपक्षीय भारादारहरूसमेत संधिका निम्ति तयार भए। नेपालसरकारका प्रतिनिधि गराई लालमोहर लागेको सन्धिको प्रतिलिपिसमेत दिइएर चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय मकवानपुर पठाइए । नेपालीहरूले अगाडि नै कुरा टुंगिसकेकोमा संधिमा सही नगरी युद्ध लम्ब्याएको अपराधमा- पूर्वनिश्चित संधि मात्र लागू नभइ चूरेसम्म कम्पनीसरकारको सीमाना हुनेछ, भनी ऑक्टरलोनीले कुरा थपे । युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ,भन्ने भारादारहरू त्यसमा पनि मञ्जर गरी संधिका निम्ति लडखडाइसकेका थिए । नेपालसरकारको स्वीकृतिको छाप लागेको संधिपत्रको प्रति चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले सन् १८१६ मार्च ४ तारीखका दिन (संवत् १८७२ सालमा) दिउँसोको साढे दुइ बजे अंग्रेज कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिका हात मकवानपुरमा सुम्पे, तथा अंग्रेज प्रतिनिधिले बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट स्वीकृत गरिएको प्रति नेपाली प्रतिनिधिको जिम्मा लाइदिए। र यसरी करीब २ वर्षदेखि नेपाल र बृटिश भारतको बीच चलेको युद्ध बन्द भइ शान्ति कायम भयो । == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ ।    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] oo5o0oa9g2hsowmwrwa1i5n7v2j6d9v 1358386 1358385 2026-06-08T10:55:59Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* आलोचना */ 1358386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | honorific_suffix = | name = चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय | honorific_prefix = | image = |image_size = 300px | caption = | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = | death_place = | father = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय | mother = | spouse = | citizenship =[[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] → नेपाल | nationality = [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]<br>नेपाल | children = |office = कलकत्तामा नेपालको वकिल |term_start = |term_end = |monarch = [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] <br> [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] |predecessor = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय |successor = उमाकान्त उपाध्याय |nickname = | birth_name = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय विशिष्ट कुटनैतिक क्षमता भएका व्यक्तित्व थिए। तर चन्द्रशेखर नेपाल दरबारको सम्पर्कमा बसेर लामो समय कूटनीतिमा सक्रिय रहे पनि उनले वि.सं १८७१–७२ को [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|नेपाल–अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] टार्न सकेनन्। बरु वि.सं १८७२ फागुनतिर हस्ताक्षर भएको सर्वाधिक विवादित [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा [[गजराज मिश्र]]सँगै नेपालका तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने काममा उनी संलग्न हुनु पर्‍यो ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=तलहटी विवादमा, पृथ्वीनारायणको सफल कूटनीति |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/138513 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra|date=२७ पुस २०८१|last=मोहन थापा|first=Author}}</ref> उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका लागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra|date=१५ वैशाख २०८१|last=दिक्पाल|first=राजकुमार}}</ref> == सन्धिवार्ता == नेपालीहरूले बहादुरीसाथ लडेका थिए, तापनि धन र जनले सुसंपन्न शत्रुसितको भीषण मुकाबिलामा नेपाल विजयी हुन सकेन। सेनापति काजी [[अमरसिंह थापा]]को [[आत्मसमर्पण (सैन्य)|आत्मसमर्पण]] पछि त नेपालको युद्ध जित्ने आशा नै मर्न गयो, र अन्तमा विवश मई सन्धिको प्रस्तावका निम्ति बाध्य हुनुपयो । आखिर सन्धिका निम्ति कुरा चल्यो । नेपालसरकारको प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप [[गजराज मिश्र|गजराज]] [[गजराज मिश्र|मिश्र]] तथा चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायहरूले -ब्रिटिश कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप भई आएका कर्नल ब्राडशासित संधिवार्ताहरूमा भाग लिए । वार्तामा कंपनी सरकारका प्रतिनिधिले- 'नेपालको संपूर्ण तराईक्षेत्रमा कंपनी सरकारको अधिकार हुनेछ' भन्ने शर्त राखेको हुँदा पहिलो वार्ता असफल भई टुंगियो । प्रतिनिधिहरू आफआफ्नो देशमा फर्की पुनः युद्धको तयारीमा लाग्न थाले । पछि कंपनीसरकारका अधिकारीहरूले नेपालको संपूर्ण तराई खण्ड लिने मनसुबालाई त्यागेर कोशी र गण्डकीको बीचको भूभाग र अरू केही- क्षेत्र मात्र आफूसँग राखी त्यसको सट्टा दुइ लाख रुपियाँ नेपालसरकारलाई दिने भन्ने शर्त राखी संधि गर्न मञ्जर गरी प्रतिनिधि पठाएको हुँदा- पुनः संधिवार्ता चालू हुन गयो । संधिको प्रस्तावनामा मेजर ब्राडशाले सन् १८१५ डिसेम्बर २ तारीखका दिन सही गरे; र नेपाली प्रतिनिधिले चाहि २८ नोवेम्बरमा सही गरिसकेका थिए । यस संधिको आखिरी दफामुताबिक नेपालसरकारबाट पन्ध्र दिनभिन्न तथा बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट बीस दिनभित्र, अथवा सकेसम्म त्योभन्दा पनि अगाडि स्वीकृति लिनुपर्ने थियो । तर निश्चित अवधिभिन नेपालसरकारबाट स्वीकृति प्राप्त हुन सकेन । नेपालदरबारमा अंग्रेजद्वारा प्रेषित यस संधिलाई स्वीकार गर्ने नगर्ने, भन्ने कुरामा ठूलो बहस चल्यो । [[अमरसिंह थापा]], [[रणजोर थापा]]हरू पुनः युद्ध गर्ने पक्षमा थिए । उनीहरूको विचारानुसार वर्षा प्रारम्भ हुनासाथ अंग्रेजहरू पछाडि हट्न बाध्य हुने थिए । तर त्यस बेलाको स्थिति यस्तो भैसकेको थियो कि लडाइँ जारी गरिराख्नमा नेपाललाई कल्याण थिएन, न त संभव नै थियो। सन्धिपत्रमा नेपालसरकारतर्फबाट निश्चित अवधिभिन्न सही नभएकोले तथा नेपालको युद्ध ने गर्ने इरादा थियो भन्ने किसिमको सूचना पाएकोले- मेजर जनरल ऑक्टरलोनीको नेतृत्वमा एक दल फौजले काठमाडौंतिर प्रस्थान गयो। युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने भारादारमध्येका [[रणजोर थापा]]ले आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[हरिहरपुरगढी|हरिहरपुरको गढी]]लाई रक्षा गर्न सकेनन्। उता अक्टरलोनी [[चुरे|चुरेको पहाड]] हुँदै मकवानपुर पुगे। मकवानपुरमा पनि नेपालीहरू हारेपछि नेपालसरकारका युद्धपक्षीय भारादारहरूसमेत संधिका निम्ति तयार भए। नेपालसरकारका प्रतिनिधि गराई लालमोहर लागेको सन्धिको प्रतिलिपिसमेत दिइएर चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय मकवानपुर पठाइए । नेपालीहरूले अगाडि नै कुरा टुंगिसकेकोमा संधिमा सही नगरी युद्ध लम्ब्याएको अपराधमा- पूर्वनिश्चित संधि मात्र लागू नभइ चूरेसम्म कम्पनीसरकारको सीमाना हुनेछ, भनी ऑक्टरलोनीले कुरा थपे । युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ,भन्ने भारादारहरू त्यसमा पनि मञ्जर गरी संधिका निम्ति लडखडाइसकेका थिए । नेपालसरकारको स्वीकृतिको छाप लागेको संधिपत्रको प्रति चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले सन् १८१६ मार्च ४ तारीखका दिन (संवत् १८७२ सालमा) दिउँसोको साढे दुइ बजे अंग्रेज कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिका हात मकवानपुरमा सुम्पे, तथा अंग्रेज प्रतिनिधिले बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट स्वीकृत गरिएको प्रति नेपाली प्रतिनिधिको जिम्मा लाइदिए। र यसरी करीब २ वर्षदेखि नेपाल र बृटिश भारतको बीच चलेको युद्ध बन्द भइ शान्ति कायम भयो । == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ । चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायलाई सुगौली सन्धिसँग जोडेर विवादित बनाइँदा उनका पिता एवं सफल कूटनीतिक व्यक्तित्व दीनानाथ उपाध्यायसमेत चर्चा र मूल्याङ्कनको कसीमा ओझेल परेका छन् । <ref name=":0" />    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] p9lx97d6w3kx5skhw12ie53lzdrpx26 1358389 1358386 2026-06-08T11:00:03Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Officeholder | honorific_suffix = | name = चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय | honorific_prefix = | image = |image_size = 300px | caption = | birth_date = | death_date = | birth_place = | death_place = | father = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय | mother = | spouse = | citizenship =[[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] → नेपाल | nationality = [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]<br>नेपाल | children = |office = कलकत्तामा नेपालको वकिल |term_start = |term_end = |monarch = [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह]] <br> [[राजेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजेन्द्र विक्रम शाह]] |predecessor = दीनानाथ उपाध्याय |successor = उमाकान्त उपाध्याय |nickname = | birth_name = | relations = | laterwork = }} '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' [[रणबहादुर शाह]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालका एक दरबारी, राजदूत, कूटनीतिज्ञ थिए। सन् १८१५ [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा नेपालको तर्फबाट [[गजराज मिश्र]] र चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय विशिष्ट कुटनैतिक क्षमता भएका व्यक्तित्व थिए। तर चन्द्रशेखर नेपाल दरबारको सम्पर्कमा बसेर लामो समय कूटनीतिमा सक्रिय रहे पनि उनले वि.सं १८७१–७२ को [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|नेपाल–अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] टार्न सकेनन्। बरु वि.सं १८७२ फागुनतिर हस्ताक्षर भएको सर्वाधिक विवादित [[सुगौली सन्धि]]मा [[गजराज मिश्र]]सँगै नेपालका तर्फबाट हस्ताक्षर गर्ने काममा उनी संलग्न हुनु पर्‍यो ।<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=तलहटी विवादमा, पृथ्वीनारायणको सफल कूटनीति |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/138513 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra|date=२७ पुस २०८१|last=मोहन थापा|first=Author}}</ref> उपाध्याय सुगौली सन्धीपछी [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]मा नेपालको वकील कार्यलयमा वकील भएका थिए। उनले कलकत्ताबाट भीमसेन थापालाई लेखेको केही पत्र [[संशोधन मण्डल]] पूर्णिमाले प्रकाशित गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि.सं. १८७५ वैशाखवदि ६ रोज ४ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |volume=15 |issue=1 |pages=13-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |title=ज. भीमसेन थापालाई वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले कलकत्ताबाट वि. सं. १८८० आश्विनवदि २ रोज २ को दिन लेखेको पत्र |url=https://d1i1jdw69xsqx0.cloudfront.net/digitalhimalaya/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_15_01.pdf |journal=15 |volume=01 |pages=22-24}}</ref> उनले संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० का दिन मुख्तियारलाई बर्मा सरकारले नेपालसँग सम्बन्ध कायम गर्न आशय व्यक्त गरेको कुरा उल्लेख गर्दै पत्र लेखेका थिए।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> == पूर्वज == उनका पूर्वजहरू [[मकवानपुर राज्य]]का कर्मचारी थिए । उनका पिता दीनानाथ उपाध्याय [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर राजा]]का पालादेखि मालपोत विभागमा काम गर्दै आएका थिए। मकवानपुरमा गोर्खालीको अधिकार भएपछि उनी पनि गोर्खाली बनेका थिए । मालपोतसम्बन्धी काममा निपुण भएकाले पृथ्वीनारायणले उनलाई मकवानपुर मालका सुब्बामा नियुक्त गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=तराई मधेश एकीकरणमा राष्ट्रनिर्माता |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/50691 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra}}</ref> पृथ्वीनारायणले दीनानाथलाई अङ्ग्रेजसित सम्झौता गरी तराईको समस्या समाधान गर्ने निर्णय गरेका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=हिमाल खबरपत्रिका {{!}} पृथ्वीनारायणको अंग्रेज नीति |url=https://nepalihimal.com/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=nepalihimal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी सरकारसग सम्पर्क र सम्बन्ध विस्ता र गर्नका लागि त्यति बेलाबेला राजदूतका रुपमा दीनानाथ उपाध्याय नियुक्त भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |title=नेपालको भू-राजनीतिक कूटनीति |url=https://yugyandaily.com/news/5713 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=Yugyan Daily |language=en}}</ref> [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]कै समयदेखि नेपाली वकिलका रूपमा भारतमा कार्यरत थिए। भीमसेन थापाको उदयपछि उनी खोसुवामा परेका थिए। <ref>{{Cite web |title=लडाकु प्रबल राना |url=https://gorkhapatraonline.com/news/105446 |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GorakhaPatra|date=१५ वैशाख २०८१|last=दिक्पाल|first=राजकुमार}}</ref> == सन्धिवार्ता == नेपालीहरूले बहादुरीसाथ लडेका थिए, तापनि धन र जनले सुसंपन्न शत्रुसितको भीषण मुकाबिलामा नेपाल विजयी हुन सकेन। सेनापति काजी [[अमरसिंह थापा]]को [[आत्मसमर्पण (सैन्य)|आत्मसमर्पण]] पछि त नेपालको युद्ध जित्ने आशा नै मर्न गयो, र अन्तमा विवश मई सन्धिको प्रस्तावका निम्ति बाध्य हुनुपयो । आखिर सन्धिका निम्ति कुरा चल्यो । नेपालसरकारको प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप [[गजराज मिश्र|गजराज]] [[गजराज मिश्र|मिश्र]] तथा चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायहरूले -ब्रिटिश कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिस्वरूप भई आएका कर्नल ब्राडशासित संधिवार्ताहरूमा भाग लिए । वार्तामा कंपनी सरकारका प्रतिनिधिले- 'नेपालको संपूर्ण तराईक्षेत्रमा कंपनी सरकारको अधिकार हुनेछ' भन्ने शर्त राखेको हुँदा पहिलो वार्ता असफल भई टुंगियो । प्रतिनिधिहरू आफआफ्नो देशमा फर्की पुनः युद्धको तयारीमा लाग्न थाले । पछि कंपनीसरकारका अधिकारीहरूले नेपालको संपूर्ण तराई खण्ड लिने मनसुबालाई त्यागेर कोशी र गण्डकीको बीचको भूभाग र अरू केही- क्षेत्र मात्र आफूसँग राखी त्यसको सट्टा दुइ लाख रुपियाँ नेपालसरकारलाई दिने भन्ने शर्त राखी संधि गर्न मञ्जर गरी प्रतिनिधि पठाएको हुँदा- पुनः संधिवार्ता चालू हुन गयो । संधिको प्रस्तावनामा मेजर ब्राडशाले सन् १८१५ डिसेम्बर २ तारीखका दिन सही गरे; र नेपाली प्रतिनिधिले चाहि २८ नोवेम्बरमा सही गरिसकेका थिए । यस संधिको आखिरी दफामुताबिक नेपालसरकारबाट पन्ध्र दिनभिन्न तथा बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट बीस दिनभित्र, अथवा सकेसम्म त्योभन्दा पनि अगाडि स्वीकृति लिनुपर्ने थियो । तर निश्चित अवधिभिन नेपालसरकारबाट स्वीकृति प्राप्त हुन सकेन । नेपालदरबारमा अंग्रेजद्वारा प्रेषित यस संधिलाई स्वीकार गर्ने नगर्ने, भन्ने कुरामा ठूलो बहस चल्यो । [[अमरसिंह थापा]], [[रणजोर थापा]]हरू पुनः युद्ध गर्ने पक्षमा थिए । उनीहरूको विचारानुसार वर्षा प्रारम्भ हुनासाथ अंग्रेजहरू पछाडि हट्न बाध्य हुने थिए । तर त्यस बेलाको स्थिति यस्तो भैसकेको थियो कि लडाइँ जारी गरिराख्नमा नेपाललाई कल्याण थिएन, न त संभव नै थियो। सन्धिपत्रमा नेपालसरकारतर्फबाट निश्चित अवधिभिन्न सही नभएकोले तथा नेपालको युद्ध ने गर्ने इरादा थियो भन्ने किसिमको सूचना पाएकोले- मेजर जनरल ऑक्टरलोनीको नेतृत्वमा एक दल फौजले काठमाडौंतिर प्रस्थान गयो। युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ भन्ने भारादारमध्येका [[रणजोर थापा]]ले आफ्नो नेतृत्वमा रहेको [[हरिहरपुरगढी|हरिहरपुरको गढी]]लाई रक्षा गर्न सकेनन्। उता अक्टरलोनी [[चुरे|चुरेको पहाड]] हुँदै मकवानपुर पुगे। मकवानपुरमा पनि नेपालीहरू हारेपछि नेपालसरकारका युद्धपक्षीय भारादारहरूसमेत संधिका निम्ति तयार भए। नेपालसरकारका प्रतिनिधि गराई लालमोहर लागेको सन्धिको प्रतिलिपिसमेत दिइएर चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय मकवानपुर पठाइए । नेपालीहरूले अगाडि नै कुरा टुंगिसकेकोमा संधिमा सही नगरी युद्ध लम्ब्याएको अपराधमा- पूर्वनिश्चित संधि मात्र लागू नभइ चूरेसम्म कम्पनीसरकारको सीमाना हुनेछ, भनी ऑक्टरलोनीले कुरा थपे । युद्ध जारी गर्नुपर्छ,भन्ने भारादारहरू त्यसमा पनि मञ्जर गरी संधिका निम्ति लडखडाइसकेका थिए । नेपालसरकारको स्वीकृतिको छाप लागेको संधिपत्रको प्रति चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले सन् १८१६ मार्च ४ तारीखका दिन (संवत् १८७२ सालमा) दिउँसोको साढे दुइ बजे अंग्रेज कंपनीसरकारका प्रतिनिधिका हात मकवानपुरमा सुम्पे, तथा अंग्रेज प्रतिनिधिले बृटिश गवर्नर जनरलबाट स्वीकृत गरिएको प्रति नेपाली प्रतिनिधिको जिम्मा लाइदिए। र यसरी करीब २ वर्षदेखि नेपाल र बृटिश भारतको बीच चलेको युद्ध बन्द भइ शान्ति कायम भयो । == आलोचना == चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय एक हुन चन्द्र सन १८१५ मा सुगौली सन्धी गर्दा नेपालको तर्फबाट ब्रिटिश भारतीय सरकारसङ्ग नेपालको अहित हुने गरी सन्धीमा हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्ने [[गजराज मिश्र]] र यिनै उपाध्याय थिए ।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nepalmag.com.np/history/2014/03/23/6667|title=अंग्रेजको नेपाल हडप्ने योजना|last=सापकोटा|first=जनकराज|last2=पन्त|first2=प्रा दिनेशराज|date=९ चैत्र २०७०|website=नेपाल|accessdate=२२ जेष्ठ २०७९}}</ref> सो सन्धी नेपालको अहित मा छ भन्ने थाहा पाउदा पाउदै उताको प्रलोभनमा परेर यिनले नेपालको अहित हुने गरी हस्तक्षर गरे। '''चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय''' नेपालनै त्यागेर उतै बसे , कारण नेपालसङ्गको गद्दारी । ब्रिटिश इन्डिया सरकारलाई फाईदा हुने विभिन्न सन्धी तथा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गर्न र कार्यन्वयन गर्न अनि गराउन दबाब दिने जस्ता भूमिका यिनले निर्बाह गरे । यिनले र गजराज मिश्रले त्यतिबेला सुगौली सन्धीका केही बुदालाई नमानेको भएर र हस्ताक्ष्रर गर्नु पूर्ण नेपाल सरकारमा सो कुरा राखेको भए शायद आजको नेपाल विशाल नेपाल हुन्थ्यो र भारतसङ्ग हाराहारीमा निर्भिक भएर उभिएको हुन्थ्यो । ब्रिटिस इन्डियन सरकारलाई सहयोग गरे बापत उताको सरकारले यिनलाई चल अचल सम्पती दिएर उतै राख्यो , अनि यिनले स्वत: देशलाई घात गरे । मुज्जफरपुरको कर्नलमा यिनलाई ३६ वटा मौजा पनि दिएर राख्यो। यिनका सन्तान त्यहा मजिस्टेट सेमत भएका थिए।<ref>{{Cite web |last=हमाल |first=जीवन |date=2021-11-19 |title=नरहरिनाथलाई कुरौटे देख्नेका नजरमा सुगौली सन्धिकर्ता चन्द्रशेखर देशभक्त ? |url=https://golkhabar.com/2021/11/99349/ |access-date=2026-06-08 |website=GOL Khabar}}</ref> गजराज मिश्र र उपाध्यायकै हस्ताक्ष्ररको नतिजा आज देशले भोगिरहेको छ । चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायलाई सुगौली सन्धिसँग जोडेर विवादित बनाइँदा उनका पिता एवं सफल कूटनीतिक व्यक्तित्व दीनानाथ उपाध्यायसमेत चर्चा र मूल्याङ्कनको कसीमा ओझेल परेका छन् । <ref name=":0" />    ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[गजराज मिश्र]] == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]] cfr2x1veoibardoweakxgeach70stjw 3 114095 1358108 1358006 2026-06-07T13:38:50Z A826 60418 Bot: Added missing </div> tag after Wikipedia Asian Month barnstar image 1358108 wikitext text/x-wiki {|style="border:2px solid blue; width:100%;" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="5" |- [[File:How to write in Nepali wiki.ogv ‎|400px|right|thumb| सम्पादन सहायताका लागि यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]] '''नमस्ते!<br/> {{PAGENAME}}जी''' समस्त [[विकिपीडिया]] समुदायको तर्फबाट तपाईंलाई [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|नेपाली विकिपीडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपीडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। विकिपीडिया एउटा खुला [[विश्वकोष]] हो जसमा विभिन्न विषयका जानकारीहरु संग्रहित हुन्छन्। *अहिले सम्म नेपाली विकिपीडियामा '''{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}''' लेखहरु छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईं हामी सबैको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपीडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख भाषा जत्तिकै धनी बनाऔं। *विकिपीडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन]] गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। तपाईं पनि यहाँ नयाँ लेख लेख्न अथवा भएका लेखमा थप्न सक्नुहुन्छ, तर विकिपीडियामा तपाईंको कुनै पनि [[विज्ञापन]] वा [[आत्मकथा]] स्वीकृत हुँदैन। *सबै भन्दा पहिला दुईवटा लेख [[विकिपीडिया:प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरु|प्राय सोधिने प्रश्नहरु]] र [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्नुहोस् अथवा [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ucm583Rd3Cs यो भिडियो हेर्नुहोस्]। *आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[:user:{{PAGENAME}}|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला। '''(परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन)''' *विकिपीडियामा नयाँ लेख लेख्न तथा भएका लेख हरू सम्पादन गर्न यहाँलाई केही अप्ठ्यारो परे अथवा विकिको विषयमा केही प्रश्न, सुझाव, गुनासो आदि भएमा [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] अथवा [[विकिपीडिया:प्रश्नहरू|प्रश्नहरू]] पृष्ठ सम्पादन गरेर आफ्नो प्रश्न, सुझाव आदि राख्नु होला। *विकिपीडिया सम्बन्धी सामान्य जानकारीहरुका लागि [[विकिपीडिया:स्वशिक्षा|परिचय]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *कुनै सहयोग चाहिएमा [[विकिपीडिया:सहायता|सहायता]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। *प्रयोगको लागि [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]] पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्। {|class="wikitable" style="background:#CBCFF4; border:0pix solid; text-align:left; width:50%;" |- |rowspan=5| [[चित्र:Wiki Nepal.png|100px|center]] |bgcolor="CBCFF7"|[[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|<font size="+1"> स्वागत</font>]] |- style="background:CBCFF5;" |[[विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दुतावास|<font size="+1">विकिपीडिया:नेपाली दूतावास</font>]] |- style="background:#CBCFF3;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:प्रयोगस्थल|प्रयोगस्थल]]</font> |- style="background:CBCFF6;" |<font size="+1"> [[विकिपीडिया:चौतारी|चौतारी]] |- style="background:CBCFF7;" |<font size="+1"> [[Help:सहायता विषयसूचि|सहायता]] |- |} |} *हामीलाई विश्वास छ तपाईंले एउटा विकिपीडियन बनेर यहाँका लेखहरु सम्पादन गर्न रमाईलो मान्नु हुनेछ। *कृपया वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा चारवटा वक्र (<nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>) प्रयोग गरि सहि गर्नुहोला। यसले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्टको लिङ्क र मिति लेखिदिन्छ। मलाई केही कुरा सोध्नु परेमा मेरो नाम पछि लेखिएको (वार्ता)मा थिचेर प्रश्न लेख्नु होला। *यदि तपाईँलाई विकिपीडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा '''<nowiki>{{helpme}}</nowiki>''' राख्नु होला। कसैले तपाईँको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छ। *अन्य समस्याको लागि [[Special:ListAdmins|प्रवन्धक]]हरूसँग सम्पर्क गर्नुहोला। <b>धन्यवाद!</b> </font> [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] [[User_talk:Biplab Anand|(<small>'''म सँग कुरा गर्नुहोस'''</small>)]] ०८:५०, ९ जुलाई २०२० (नेपाली समय) :@ [[User:Biplab Anand|'''<font color="#008000"><b>बिप्लब आनन्द</b></font>''']] धन्यवाद! ==[[:Nirmaljoshi/common.js]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] यस [[: Nirmaljoshi/common.js]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि चाँडैनै मेटिने भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। किनकि यो लेख [[वि:शीमे#अ२|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत परेको छ। यो एक श्रेणी, ढाँचा, विकिपिडिया, सहायता, वा पोर्टल नेमस्पेसेस बाहेकको अनुप्रेषण हो। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:Nirmaljoshi/common.js|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। <!-- Template:Db-rediruser-notice --> <!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom -->--[[User:Saroj Uprety|Saroj Uprety]] ([[User talk:Saroj Uprety|कुरा गर्ने]]) १४:२०, १२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२० (नेपाली समय) == लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन प्रतियोगिताको तथ्याङ्क अद्यावधिक == {{fmbox | image = [[File:Article Improvement Edit-a-thon logo.svg|110px|link=]] | imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|110px|link=]] | style = | textstyle = | text = <center> नेपाली विकिपिडियामा सञ्चालन भइरहेको <big>'''[[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन|लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन]]'''</big> प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ योगदान दिनुभएकोले यहाँलाई हार्दिक धन्यवाद दिन चाहन्छौँ। प्रतियोगितामा हालसम्म भएको योगदानको आधारमा [[विकिपिडिया:लेख सुधार सम्पादनथन/नतिजा|तथ्याङ्क तालिका]] अद्यावधिक गरिएकोले यहाँले योगदान गर्नुभएको लेखमा कुनै किसिमको समस्या भएमा त्यसलाई समीक्षा गरी यथाशीघ्र सुधार गर्नुहोला। धन्यवाद</center>--आयोजन समितिको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता_वार्ता:Biplab Anand|वार्ता]]) }} <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला- नेपालमा उपस्थिति सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते {{PAGENAME}} ज्यू,<br> विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानको [[:m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2018-20/Transition/Global Conversations|विश्वव्यापी वार्तालाप]] यहि नोभेम्बर २१ र २२ (पहिलो चरण) तथा डिसेम्बर ५ र ६ (दोस्रो चरण)मा हुन गइरहेको यहाँलाई जानकारी नै होला। यसै सन्दर्भमा सो विश्वव्यापी वार्तालापमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट सहभागी हुने प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले विश्वव्यापी विकिमिडिया अभियानमा नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको उपस्थिति स्तरीय तरिकाले प्रस्तुत गर्नुपर्ने हुन्छ। यसकारण नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदाय तथा दक्षिण एसियाली विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानका सदस्य [[:m:User:Marajozkee|राजीव दत्त]]सँगको सहकार्यमा नेपाली विकिपिडियाका सदस्यहरू सम्मिलित अनलाइन विकिमिडिया रणनीति कार्यशाला आयोजना गरेर यो समुदायको विभिन्न पक्ष तथा विकिमिडिया रणनीति अभियानसँग सम्बन्धित बुँदाहरूमाथि छलफल गर्नको लागि यहाँको उपस्थितिको लागि यो सूचना पठाइएको जानकारी गराउन चाहन्छु।<br> * मिति: सन् २०२० नोभेम्बर २० बेलुका ७ बजे * दर्ता गर्नुहोस्: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqF5iHzdcth-bxAqNT-sXmaS4jHn4rdKVQ3yU86bT5CbF0wQ/viewform?vc=0&c=0&w=1&flr=0&urp=gmail_link&gxids=7628 गुगल फर्म] नेपाली विकिपिडिया समुदायको तर्फबाट- [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/lists&oldid=937052 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता (छोटकरी रूप: युसिओसी)को दोस्रो चरण सम्बन्धमा == {{fmbox | image =[[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|60px|link=]] | imageright= | style = | textstyle = | text = <div class="center">'''सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा यस विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#विश्वव्यापी_आचार_संहिता_(छोटकरी_रूप:_युसिओसी)को_दोस्रो_चरण_सम्बन्धमा|चौतारी]]मा छलफल भइरहेकोले आफ्नो सुझाव राख्नुहुन अनुरोध गर्दछौँ।'''</div> }} --[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्ने]]) १९:२५, २६ जनवरी २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj Uprety@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == युसिओसी सम्बन्धी अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक सम्बन्धमा == नमस्ते<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सन् २०२१ फेब्रुअरी ११ मा अनलाइन सामुदायिक बैठक हुने भएकोले सहभागी हुनको लागि कृपया यो [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScOrPrBMFBqVozzWc2zsE53xrCJdQpVKQMK6QZI3zLhB8gWmQ/viewform गुगल फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User_talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) 02:47, 10 February 2021 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21091650 --> == विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता सर्वेक्षण फारम == नमस्ते,<br> सबै विकिमिडिया परियोजना र अभियान भित्र स्वीकार्य व्यवहारको एउटा सार्वभौमिक मापदण्ड प्रदान गर्न र विकिपिडियालाई एउटा सुरक्षित स्थान बनाउनको लागि [[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/ne|विश्वव्यापी आचार संहिता]]लाई समुदायमा कसरी लागु गर्ने सम्बन्धमा सर्वेक्षण भइरहेकोले आजै [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfi47HhE6cieY_BGETK9lMSy32uJ9ArtJ3y3BbNaAWjOFiliQ/viewform यो फारम] भर्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु।--[[User:BAnand (WMF)|BAnand (WMF)]] ([[User talk:BAnand (WMF)|talk]]) <!-- Message sent by User:BAnand (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=MassMessage/Lists/Nepali_Community&oldid=21129898 --> == महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफलमा सहभागिताको लागि आह्वान == नमस्ते, आदरणीय नेपाली विकिपिडिया सम्पादनकर्ता मित्र<br> नेपाली विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#फाउन्डेसन_अनुदान_सम्बन्धमा_सामुदायिक_परामर्श|चौतारी]]मा महत्वपूर्ण सामुदायिक छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया सहभागी भई आफ्नो महत्वपूर्ण मत राख्नुहोला। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=988353 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == अनुदान विषयमा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम == नमस्ते आदरणीय सम्पादक मित्र,<br> '''[[विकिपिडिया:चौतारी_(नीति)#अनुदान_विषयमा_केन्द्रीय_नीति_नियम|अनुदान]]'''को विषयमा एउटा केन्द्रीय नीति नियम बनाउनको लागि नेपाली विकिपिडियाको चौतारीमा छलफल भइरहेकोले कृपया आफ्नो अमूल्य सुझाव राख्नहुन अनुरोध गर्दछु। धन्यवाद --समुदायको तर्फबाट [[User:Biplab Anand|बिप्लब आनन्द]] ११:१०, ९ जुन २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Biplab Anand@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Biplab_Anand/MassMessage&oldid=1005419 --> == [Wikimedia Foundation elections 2021] Candidates meet with South Asia + ESEAP communities == Hello, As you may already know, the [[:m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] are from 4 August 2021 to 17 August 2021. Members of the Wikimedia community have the opportunity to elect four candidates to a three-year term. After a three-week-long Call for Candidates, there are [[:m:Template:WMF elections candidate/2021/candidates gallery|20 candidates for the 2021 election]]. An <u>event for community members to know and interact with the candidates</u> is being organized. During the event, the candidates will briefly introduce themselves and then answer questions from community members. The event details are as follows: *Date: 31 July 2021 (Saturday) *Timings: [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1627727412 check in your local time] :*Bangladesh: 4:30 pm to 7:00 pm :*India & Sri Lanka: 4:00 pm to 6:30 pm :*Nepal: 4:15 pm to 6:45 pm :*Pakistan & Maldives: 3:30 pm to 6:00 pm * Live interpretation is being provided in Hindi. *'''Please register using [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSflJge3dFia9ejDG57OOwAHDq9yqnTdVD0HWEsRBhS4PrLGIg/viewform?usp=sf_link this form] For more details, please visit the event page at [[:m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP|Wikimedia Foundation elections/2021/Meetings/South Asia + ESEAP]]. Hope that you are able to join us, [[:m:User:KCVelaga (WMF)|KCVelaga (WMF)]], १२:१७, २३ जुलाई २०२१ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:KCVelaga (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KCVelaga_(WMF)/Targets/Temp&oldid=21774692 --> == ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता == <div style="color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;"> <div style="position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;"> <div style="text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;">नमस्ते, <span style="color: #ebe6d8">'''{{safesubst:<noinclude />BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!</span> तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ</div> <div style="font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;">सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!</div> </div></div> धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&oldid=1171544 --> == तपाईंको लागि एक बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[चित्र:Writers Barnstar Hires.png|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''लेखक बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | छोटो अवधिमा यति धेरै लेख लेख्नु भएकोमा धन्यवाद। [[User:बडा काजी|बडा काजी]] ([[User talk:बडा काजी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:५८, १६ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय) |} == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!<br /> तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो। चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ। सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]। आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Saroj/SampleInvitation&oldid=29506389 --> == तपाईंको लागि बार्नस्टार! == {| style="background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;" |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;" | [[File:Tireless Contributor Barnstar Hires.gif|100px]] |style="font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;" | '''अथक मिहिनेत बार्नस्टार''' |- |style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;" | तपाईले विकिपिडियामा निरन्तर मिहिनेत साथ लेख निर्माण तथा सुधारमा पुर्‍याउनु भएको योगदानको लागी यो बार्नस्टार।[[User:Nirjal stha|nShrestha]] ([[User talk:Nirjal stha|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १०:१५, १६ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) |} == विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५: पुरस्कार सूचना == [[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|thumb|100px|right]] नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]] मा तपाईंको सक्रिय सहभागिताको लागि धन्यवाद! तपाईंले ४ वा सोभन्दा बढी अङ्क प्राप्त गर्नुभएको छ। यसका कारण तपाईं स्वर्ण पुरस्कारको लागि योग्य हुनुभएको छ र भौतिक पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्नुहुनेछ। पोस्टकार्ड प्राप्त गर्न कृपया तलको गुगल फारम भरी आफ्नो विवरण पठाउनुहोस्:<br> https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfVgwFY9iyox7OHvmBJPiyy-DlPENuYQfcdzsaghgiNdVfGhQ/viewform धन्यवाद [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:४३, १० डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय) == अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ == नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू! तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ। यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले: * विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ * नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ। प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]। धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय) <!-- Message sent by User:Saroj@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Saroj/MassMessage&oldid=1347853 --> ==[[:कान्ति उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित== [[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]] {{Quote box|quote=<p>यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p><p>लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।</p>|width=20%|align=right}} यस [[:कान्ति उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले७|ले७]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत एक कम्पनी, निगम वा संगठनलाई जनाउदछ। विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] ज्ञानकोशमा भएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्री प्रमाणित भएको हुनुपर्नेछ । तर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] नभएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। थप जानकारिका लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनियता|विकिपिडिया उल्लेखनियता]] पढ्नुहोला। यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:कान्ति उच्च माध्यमिक विद्यालय|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&page=%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF+%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A+%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95+%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}। <!-- Template:Db-notability-notice --><!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --> [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १२:५९, १६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय) == Wikipedia Asian Month 2025 Golden Barnstar == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div style="text-align: center;"> [[File:2025 Wikipedia Asian Month Special Barnstar.png|500px]]</div> [[User:Betty2407|Betty2407]] ([[User talk:Betty2407|talk]]) 08:38, 6 June 2026 (UTC) on behalf of Wikipedia Asian Month User Group </div> <!-- Message sent by User:Betty2407@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Betty2407/WAMMassMessagelist2&oldid=30642952 --> jhfql7bc3jyon5unclg3ano8pc2h3mq 0 114847 1358099 855422 2026-06-07T12:38:24Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* आर्थिक सिद्धान्तमा */ 1358099 wikitext text/x-wiki '''खुला बजार''' भन्ने शव्द साधारणतया [[स्वतन्त्र व्यापार|स्वतन्त्र व्यापारको]] नजिकको आर्थिक अवस्थालाई जनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ। अधिक विशिष्ट, प्राविधिक अर्थमा, [[प्रतिभूति]]मा यस शब्दले अन्तरब्याङ्क व्यापारलाई [[प्रतिभूति|जनाउँछ]] । == आर्थिक सिद्धान्तमा == अर्थशास्त्रीहरूले बजारहरूको "खुलापन" को मूल्याङ्कन ती बजारहरूको सरकारी नियमनको मात्रा, प्रतिस्पर्धाको दायरा र व्यापारको बाटोमा बाधा पुर्‍याउने स्थानीय सांस्कृतिक चलनहरूको आधारमा गर्छन्। खुल्ला बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई [[उत्पादक]] तथा [[उपभोक्ता]]को द्वन्द्वात्मक सम्बन्धमा चल्ने प्रणालीका रूपमा परिभाषित गर्ने गरिन्छ । == आलोचना == == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[स्वतन्त्र बजार]] * [[मुद्रा बजार|मुद्रा बजार]] * ओपन मार्केट(एक प्रारम्भिक ईकमर्स कम्पनी) [[श्रेणी:स्वतन्त्र बजार]] qq4z9ex0p88fvx6ubdy1kv5qqd2445v 0 115106 1358299 1237362 2026-06-07T16:26:32Z Biplab Anand 13653 Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/100.2.125.83|100.2.125.83]] ([[User talk:100.2.125.83|talk]]) to last revision by InternetArchiveBot 1358299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = कालिकट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = കോഴിക്കോട്_വിമാനത്താവളം.jpg | image-width = 250 | IATA = CCJ | ICAO = VOCL | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = AAI | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = {{bulleted list|[[मल्लप्पुरम]] |[[कोझिकोड]] |[[मल्लप्पुरम जिल्ला]]|[[कोझिकोड जिल्ला]]|[[पालक्कड जिल्ला]]|[[वायनाड जिल्ला]]}} | location = [[करिपुर]], [[कोनडोट्टी]], [[मल्लप्पुरम]], [[केरल]], भारत | hub = [[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-f = 342 | elevation-m = 104 | coordinates = {{coord|11.14|N|75.95|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India#Middle East | pushpin_label = '''CCJ''' | website = {{URL|https://www.kozhikodeairport.com}} | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = 10/28 | r1-length-f = 9,383 | r1-length-m = 2,860 | r1-surface = [[अलकतरा]] | stat-year = सन् २०१९ अप्रिल - सन् २०२० मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रु आवतजावत | stat1-data = ३२,२९,९१० ({{decrease}}-३.९%) | stat2-header = विमान आवतजावत | stat2-data = २५,३५५ ({{decrease}}-५.२%) | stat3-header = मालसामान ढुवानी (टन) | stat3-data = २८,१७९ ({{increase}} ६३%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|एएआई]]<ref name="traffic_stats1">{{cite web |url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex3.pdf |title=Traffic News for the month of March 2019: Annexure-III |work=[[Airports Authority of India]] |date=1 May 2019 |accessdate=5 June 2019 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="traffic_stats2">{{cite web |url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex2.pdf |title=Traffic News for the month of March 2019: Annexure-II |work=[[Airports Authority of India]] |date=1 May 2019 |accessdate=5 June 2019 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="traffic_stats3">{{cite web |url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex4.pdf |title=Traffic News for the month of March 2019: Annexure-IV |work=[[Airports Authority of India]] |date=1 May 2019 |accessdate=5 June 2019 |page=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426163842/https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex4.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> }} '''कालिकट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{Airport codes|CCJ|VOCL}} [[भारत]]को [[केरल]] राज्यमा रहेको [[मल्लप्पुरम]]को [[करिपुर]] नामक स्थानमा अवस्थित एउटा [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो विमानस्थलले [[दक्षिण मालबार]] क्षेत्रमा रहेको [[मल्लप्पुरम]], [[पालक्कड]], [[वायनाड जिल्ला|वायनाड]] र [[कोझिकोड]]का मानिसहरूलाई सेवा दिइरहेको छ। यो विमानस्थलको उद्घाटन सन् १९८८ अप्रिल १३ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/calicut-airport-turns-30/article23508804.ece |title=Calicut airport turns 30 |date=12 April 2018 |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Calicut Airport |url=http://aera.gov.in/content/airports/calicut-airport.php }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504143011/http://www.aera.gov.in/content/airports/calicut-airport.php |date=2020-05-04 }}</ref>[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस]]को केन्द्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा सेवा गर्दै आएको यो विमानस्थलले [[केरल]]बाट [[हज|हज तीर्थयात्रा]]को लागि [[राजकुमार मोहम्मद बिन अब्दुलअजिज अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|मदिना]] र [[राजा अब्दुलअजिज अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|जेद्दा]]सम्म सेवा दिने गरेको छ। यात्रु आवतजावतको हिसाबले यो भारतको ११औँ व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k12annex3.pdf |title=AAI traffic figures 2011-2012 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518081740/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k12annex3.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> यो केरल राज्यमा रहेको [[कोचिन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कोची]] र [[त्रिवेन्द्रम अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|तिरुवनन्तपुरम‎]] विमानस्थलपछि तेस्रो व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २००६ फेब्रुअरी २ मा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्तर उन्नति गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-airports/calicut-airport.html |title=Calicut Airport |publisher=Iloveindia.com |accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref name=inter>{{cite web |author=Archive |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/02/stories/2006020206940600.htm |title=Calicut airport given international status |publisher=Hindu.com |accessdate=12 March 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911010922/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/02/stories/2006020206940600.htm |date=11 September 2006 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==विमान सेवाहरू== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== [[श्रेणी:भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] 7lvyxi3vm0ohfkd489syymgxd2lyi0a 1358300 1358299 2026-06-07T16:29:07Z Biplab Anand 13653 सुधार गरियो 1358300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = कालिकट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = കോഴിക്കോട്_വിമാനത്താവളം.jpg | image-width = 250 | IATA = CCJ | ICAO = VOCL | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = AAI | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = {{bulleted list|[[मल्लप्पुरम]] |[[कोझिकोड]] |[[मल्लप्पुरम जिल्ला]]|[[कोझिकोड जिल्ला]]|[[पालक्कड जिल्ला]]|[[वायनाड जिल्ला]]}} | location = [[करिपुर]], [[कोनडोट्टी]], [[मल्लप्पुरम]], [[केरल]], भारत | hub = [[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-f = 342 | elevation-m = 104 | coordinates = {{coord|11.14|N|75.95|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_map = India Kerala#India#Middle East | pushpin_label = '''CCJ''' | website = {{URL|https://www.kozhikodeairport.com}} | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = 10/28 | r1-length-f = 9,383 | r1-length-m = 2,860 | r1-surface = [[अलकतरा]] | stat-year = सन् २०१९ अप्रिल - सन् २०२० मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रु आवतजावत | stat1-data = ३२,२९,९१० ({{decrease}}-३.९%) | stat2-header = विमान आवतजावत | stat2-data = २५,३५५ ({{decrease}}-५.२%) | stat3-header = मालसामान ढुवानी (टन) | stat3-data = २८,१७९ ({{increase}} ६३%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|एएआई]]<ref name="traffic_stats1">{{cite web |url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex3.pdf |title=Traffic News for the month of March 2019: Annexure-III |work=[[Airports Authority of India]] |date=1 May 2019 |accessdate=5 June 2019 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="traffic_stats2">{{cite web |url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex2.pdf |title=Traffic News for the month of March 2019: Annexure-II |work=[[Airports Authority of India]] |date=1 May 2019 |accessdate=5 June 2019 |page=3}}</ref><ref name="traffic_stats3">{{cite web |url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex4.pdf |title=Traffic News for the month of March 2019: Annexure-IV |work=[[Airports Authority of India]] |date=1 May 2019 |accessdate=5 June 2019 |page=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426163842/https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2K19Annex4.pdf |archive-date=26 April 2019}}</ref> }} '''कालिकट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{Airport codes|CCJ|VOCL}} [[भारत]]को [[केरल]] राज्यमा रहेको [[मल्लप्पुरम]]को [[करिपुर]] नामक स्थानमा अवस्थित एउटा [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो विमानस्थलले [[दक्षिण मालबार]] क्षेत्रमा रहेको [[मल्लप्पुरम]], [[पालक्कड]], [[वायनाड जिल्ला|वायनाड]] र [[कोझिकोड]]का मानिसहरूलाई सेवा दिइरहेको छ। यो विमानस्थलको उद्घाटन सन् १९८८ अप्रिल १३ मा भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kozhikode/calicut-airport-turns-30/article23508804.ece |title=Calicut airport turns 30 |date=12 April 2018 |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About Calicut Airport |url=http://aera.gov.in/content/airports/calicut-airport.php }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504143011/http://www.aera.gov.in/content/airports/calicut-airport.php |date=2020-05-04 }}</ref>[[एअर इन्डिया एक्सप्रेस]]को केन्द्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा सेवा गर्दै आएको यो विमानस्थलले [[केरल]]बाट [[हज|हज तीर्थयात्रा]]को लागि [[राजकुमार मोहम्मद बिन अब्दुलअजिज अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|मदिना]] र [[राजा अब्दुलअजिज अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|जेद्दा]]सम्म सेवा दिने गरेको छ। यात्रु आवतजावतको हिसाबले यो भारतको ११औँ व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k12annex3.pdf |title=AAI traffic figures 2011-2012 |access-date=21 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518081740/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/mar2k12annex3.pdf |archive-date=18 May 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref> यो केरल राज्यमा रहेको [[कोचिन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कोची]] र [[त्रिवेन्द्रम अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|तिरुवनन्तपुरम‎]] विमानस्थलपछि तेस्रो व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २००६ फेब्रुअरी २ मा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्तर उन्नति गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-airports/calicut-airport.html |title=Calicut Airport |publisher=Iloveindia.com |accessdate=12 March 2017}}</ref><ref name=inter>{{cite web |author=Archive |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/02/stories/2006020206940600.htm |title=Calicut airport given international status |publisher=Hindu.com |accessdate=12 March 2017 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060911010922/http://www.hindu.com/2006/02/02/stories/2006020206940600.htm |date=11 September 2006 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==विमान सेवाहरू== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:केरलका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] {{stub}} as15nqy3x1cglxlra4hcxtlh91hltk3 0 115786 1358102 1290691 2026-06-07T12:55:51Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* */ 1358102 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ<br>Leonid Brezhnev | native_name = Леонид Брежнев | native_name_lang = ru | image = Leonid Brezjnev, leider van de Sovjet-Unie, Bestanddeelnr 925-6564.jpg | image_size = | caption = १९७२ | citizenship = [[रुसी साम्राज्य|रूसी साम्राज्य]] → [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] | nationality = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] | office = सोभियत संघ कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीका महासचिव | term_start = १९६४ अक्टोबर १४ | term_end = १९८२ नोभेम्बर १० | predecessor = [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ]] | successor = [[युरी आन्द्रोपोभ|युरी एन्ड्रोपोभ]] }} '''लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ''' ( [[रुसी भाषा|रूसी]] : Леонид Ильич Брежнев, ), (१९ डिसेम्बर १९०६- १० नोबेम्बर १९८२) [[सोभियत सङ्घ]]को [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको]] केन्द्रीय समितिको पूर्व महासचिव थिए र १९६४ मा देखि सन् १९८२ मा आफ्नो मृत्यु नभएसम्म सोवियत संघको प्रमुख शासक थिए। उनको १८ वर्ष शासनकाल [[जोसेफ स्टालिन]] बाहेक अरू सोभियत शासकहरू भन्दा लामो थियो। यस अवधिमा उनले एकातिर सोभियत संघलाई सैन्य रूपमा धेरै शक्तिशाली बनाए र विश्वमञ्चमा यसको प्रभावलाई ठूलो मात्रामा बृद्धि गरे तर अर्कोतर्फ सोभियत संघको आर्थिक स्थिति एकदम कमजोर भएको थियो। यो आर्थिक कमजोरी स्न १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन र बिखन्डनको एक मुख्य कारण रहेको बताइएको छ। == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत सङ्घ]] * [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ]] [[चित्र:Brezhnev-color.jpg|thumb|355x355px| लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ ]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:कम्युनिष्ट शासक]] [[श्रेणी:शीत युद्धकालीन व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पदमा रहँदा नै मृत्यु हुने व्यक्तिहरू]] kbx7dh35ujy2dqs3j81pz5tfdu60til 1358103 1358102 2026-06-07T12:57:57Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* */ 1358103 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ<br>Leonid Brezhnev | native_name = Леонид Брежнев | native_name_lang = ru | image = Leonid Brezjnev, leider van de Sovjet-Unie, Bestanddeelnr 925-6564.jpg | image_size = | caption = १९७२ | citizenship = [[रुसी साम्राज्य|रूसी साम्राज्य]] → [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] | nationality = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] | office = सोभियत संघ कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीका महासचिव | term_start = १९६४ अक्टोबर १४ | term_end = १९८२ नोभेम्बर १० | predecessor = [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ]] | successor = [[युरी आन्द्रोपोभ|युरी एन्ड्रोपोभ]] }} '''लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ''' ( [[रुसी भाषा|रूसी]] : Леонид Ильич Брежнев, ), (१९ डिसेम्बर १९०६- १० नोबेम्बर १९८२) [[सोभियत सङ्घ]]को [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको]] केन्द्रीय समितिको पूर्व महासचिव थिए र १९६४ मा देखि सन् १९८२ मा आफ्नो मृत्यु नभएसम्म सोवियत संघको प्रमुख शासक थिए। उनको १८ वर्ष शासनकाल [[जोसेफ स्टालिन]] बाहेक अरू सोभियत शासकहरू भन्दा लामो थियो। यस अवधिमा उनले एकातिर सोभियत संघलाई सैन्य रूपमा धेरै शक्तिशाली बनाए र विश्वमञ्चमा यसको प्रभावलाई ठूलो मात्रामा बृद्धि गरे तर अर्कोतर्फ सोभियत संघको आर्थिक स्थिति एकदम कमजोर भएको थियो। यो आर्थिक कमजोरी स्न १९९१ मा [[सोभियत संघको विघटन|सोभियत संघको पतन]] र [[सोभियत संघको विघटन|बिखन्डन]]को एक मुख्य कारण रहेको बताइएको छ। == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत सङ्घ]] * [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ]] [[चित्र:Brezhnev-color.jpg|thumb|355x355px| लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ ]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:कम्युनिष्ट शासक]] [[श्रेणी:शीत युद्धकालीन व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पदमा रहँदा नै मृत्यु हुने व्यक्तिहरू]] htax45ml5oqr6kpcbuqo5uuhrhg3tjm 1358118 1358103 2026-06-07T14:23:45Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358118 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ<br>Leonid Brezhnev | native_name = Леонид Брежнев | native_name_lang = ru | image = Leonid Brezjnev, leider van de Sovjet-Unie, Bestanddeelnr 925-6564.jpg | image_size = | caption = १९७२ | citizenship = [[रुसी साम्राज्य|रूसी साम्राज्य]] → [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] | nationality = [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]] | office = सोभियत संघ कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीका महासचिव | term_start = १९६४ अक्टोबर १४ | term_end = १९८२ नोभेम्बर १० | predecessor = [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ]] | successor = [[युरी आन्द्रोपोभ|युरी एन्ड्रोपोभ]] }} '''लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ''' ( [[रुसी भाषा|रूसी]] : Леонид Ильич Брежнев), (१९ डिसेम्बर १९०६- १० नोबेम्बर १९८२)<ref>{{cite book |last=Jessup |first=John E. |title=An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hP7jJAkTd9MC&dq=Leonid+Ilyich+Brezhnev+10+november+1982&pg=PA91 |publisher=Greenwood |date=11 August 1998 |pages=91 |isbn=978-0-313-28112-9}}</ref> [[सोभियत सङ्घ]]को [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको]] केन्द्रीय समितिको पूर्व महासचिव थिए र १९६४ मा देखि सन् १९८२ मा आफ्नो मृत्यु नभएसम्म सोवियत संघको प्रमुख शासक थिए। उनको १८ वर्ष शासनकाल [[जोसेफ स्टालिन]] बाहेक अरू सोभियत शासकहरू भन्दा लामो थियो। यस अवधिमा उनले एकातिर सोभियत संघलाई सैन्य रूपमा धेरै शक्तिशाली बनाए र विश्वमञ्चमा यसको प्रभावलाई ठूलो मात्रामा बृद्धि गरे तर अर्कोतर्फ सोभियत संघको आर्थिक स्थिति एकदम कमजोर भएको थियो। यो आर्थिक कमजोरी स्न १९९१ मा [[सोभियत संघको विघटन|सोभियत संघको पतन]] र [[सोभियत संघको विघटन|बिखन्डन]]को एक मुख्य कारण रहेको बताइएको छ। == यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् == * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत सङ्घ]] * [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ]] [[चित्र:Brezhnev-color.jpg|thumb|355x355px| लियोनिद इलिच ब्रेझनेभ ]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:कम्युनिष्ट शासक]] [[श्रेणी:शीत युद्धकालीन व्यक्तिहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पदमा रहँदा नै मृत्यु हुने व्यक्तिहरू]] rva01emhgknjjx7k78o6s030fqrlkbw 10 115975 1358100 1010465 2026-06-07T12:45:21Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name =International Trade | state = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | bodyclass = hlist | title = [[अन्तराष्ट्रिय व्यापार]] | group1 = शब्दावली | list1 = * [[Absolute advantage]] * [[Balance of payments]] * [[Balance of trade]] * [[Capital account]] * [[Comparative advantage]] * [[current account (balance of payments)|Current account]] * [[Export-oriented industrialization]] * [[Fair trade]] * [[वैदेशिक मुद्रा सञ्चिति]] * [[विश्वव्यापीकरण]] * [[Import substitution industrialization]] * [[Net capital outflow]] * [[Outsourcing]] * [[ट्यारिफ]] * [[Trade justice]] * [[व्यापार युद्ध]] * [[Trading nation]] | group2 = {{longitem|संगठन<br/>र नीति}} | list2 = * [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मुद्रा कोष]] * [[United Nations Conference on Trade and Development|UN Conference on Trade and Development]] * [[World Bank Group]] * [[विश्व व्यापार सङ्गठन]] ** [[International Trade Centre]] * [[इन्टरनेसनल च्याम्बर अफ कमर्स]] * [[Bilateral investment treaty]] * [[Economic integration]] * [[Incoterms]] * [[ATA Carnet]] * [[स्वतन्त्र व्यापार क्षेत्र]] * [[विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र]] * [[व्यापार सम्झौता]] * [[Trade barrier]] * [[Trade bloc]] | group3 = [[राजनैतिक अर्थतन्त्र]] | list3 = * [[स्वतन्त्र व्यापार]] ([[एडम स्मिथ]], ''[[द वेल्थ अफ नेसन्स]]'', [[Repeal of the Corn Laws]]) * [[वणिकवाद]] * [[संरक्षणवाद]] ([[आर्थिक राष्ट्रवाद]], [[Autarky]]) | group4 = [[क्षेत्रीय सङ्गठन]] | list4 = {{Navbox |child |group1 = महाअमेरिका |list1 = * [[Andean Community of Nations]] * [[Caribbean Community]] * [[Central American Integration System]] * [[Mercosur]] |group2 = एसिया-प्रसान्त |list2 = * [[आसियान|Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] * [[Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership]] * [[सार्क|दक्षिण एसियाली क्षेत्रीय सहयोग संगठन]] |group3 = युरोप, मध्य एसिया, र उत्तर एसिया |list3 = * [[Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia]] * [[Eurasian Economic Union]] * [[European Union Customs Union]] |group4 = मध्य पूर्व र उत्तर अफ्रिका |list4 = * [[Arab Customs Union]] * [[Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf]] |group5 = Subsaharan Africa |list5 = * [[East African Community]] * [[Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa]] * [[Southern African Customs Union]] * [[West African Economic and Monetary Union]] }} | group5 = उत्पादन अनुसार निर्यात | list5 = * [[List of countries by aircraft and spacecraft exports|Aircraft & Spacecraft]] * [[List of countries by aircraft component exports|Aircraft parts]] * [[List of countries by aluminium exports|Aluminium]] * [[List of countries by car exports|Cars]] * [[List of countries by automotive component exports|Car parts]] * [[Coal#Major coal exporters|Coal]] * [[List of countries by coffee exports|Coffee]] * [[List of countries by computer exports|Computers]] * [[List of countries by copper exports|Copper]] * [[List of countries by maize exports|Corn]] * [[List of countries by cotton exports|Cotton]] * [[List of countries by diamond exports|Diamonds]] * [[List of countries by electricity exports|Electricity]] * [[List of countries by engine exports|Engines]] * [[List of countries by gas turbine exports|Gas turbines]] * [[List of countries by gold exports|Gold]] * [[List of countries by integrated circuit exports|Integrated circuits]] * [[List of countries by iron ore exports|Iron ore]] * [[List of countries by natural gas exports|Natural gas]] * [[List of countries by oil exports|Oil]] * [[List of countries by refined petroleum exports|Petrol]] * [[List of countries by pharmaceutical exports|Pharmaceuticals]] * [[List of countries by ship exports|Ships]] * [[List of countries by steel production#Exports|Steel]] * [[List of countries by telecommunications equipment exports|Telecommunications equipment]] * [[List of countries by telephone exports|Telephones]] * [[List of countries by truck exports|Trucks]] * [[List of countries by wheat exports|Wheat]] * [[Wine#Exporting countries|Wine]] | belowstyle = font-weight:bold; | below = * {{icon|category}} [[:Category:International trade|Category]] * {{Icon|Commons}} [[commons:Category:International trade|Commons]] }}<noinclude> [[Category:Business and finance templates]] </noinclude> a1ym1rqg13mighxezvgkgjv764fpu1k 10 119558 1358248 968982 2023-10-31T03:40:22Z en>Elli 0 Elli moved page [[Template:Navseasoncats]] to [[Template:Category series navigation]]: see [[Template talk:Navseasoncats#Requested move 22 October 2023|RM]] ([[Special:Permalink/1182745904#Requested move 22 October 2023|pl]]) 1358248 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category series navigation]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} doako7tpmvffpcbjceh3h16cehxpml3 1358249 1358248 2024-11-05T20:12:12Z en>Paine Ellsworth 0 add [[WP:RCAT|rcat template]] 1358249 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category series navigation]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} {{R from template shortcut}} }} tthniqk7g98le0564mhflt7scz9u27g 1358250 1358249 2024-11-05T21:26:44Z en>Gonnym 0 Undid revision [[Special:Diff/1255606575|1255606575]] by [[Special:Contributions/Paine Ellsworth|Paine Ellsworth]] ([[User talk:Paine Ellsworth|talk]]) not a shortcut, previous title that shouldn't be used in new code 1358250 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Template:Category series navigation]] {{Redirect category shell| {{R from move}} }} doako7tpmvffpcbjceh3h16cehxpml3 1358251 1283867 2026-06-07T14:36:11Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[:en:Template:Navseasoncats]] बाट ३ संशोधन(हरू): आयात गर्दै 1283867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Category series navigation|csn}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Category series navigation using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Category series navigation]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |cat|follow-redirects|list-all-links|max|min|show|skip-gaps|testcase|testcasegap}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> pkkz7r2xlj5mqfpgclp6u115usdzlk7 1358267 1358251 2026-06-07T14:42:52Z Biplab Anand 13653 +पुनार्निर्देशन 1358267 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect [[ढाँचा:Category series navigation]] 0xyj8wgs986gg9fp9542rmrpwo02c7r 4 120717 1358382 1357201 2026-06-08T09:59:11Z ListeriaBot 52294 Wikidata list updated [V2] 1358382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item (COUNT(distinct ?sitelink) as ?count) WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q5 . ?item wdt:P21 wd:Q6581072 . ?item wdt:P27 wd:Q837 . ?sitelink schema:about ?item . FILTER NOT EXISTS { ?wne schema:about ?item . ?wne schema:inLanguage "ne" } MINUS {?item wdt:P106 wd:Q10833314} } GROUP BY ?item ORDER BY DESC(?count) |columns=number:#,label:Article,description,p106,p569,p570,p18,item |thumb=100 |links=red }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! Article ! description ! व्यवसाय ! जन्म मिति ! देहान्त मिति ! तस्वीर ! item |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[Shilshila Acharya]] | | [[उद्यमी]]<br/>[[environmental scientist]] | data-sort-value="1901" | 20th century | | [[चित्र:Shilshila acharya 2 cropped.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q131389521|Q131389521]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[भूमिका गिरी]] | एक नेपाली लोक गायिका हुन् | [[गायक]] | | | | [[:d:Q94413431|Q94413431]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[सपना रोका मगर]] | | | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-02-10 | | | [[:d:Q102271811|Q102271811]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[दावा याङ्जुम शेर्पा]] | नेपाली पर्वतारोही सहयोगी | [[पर्वतारोही सहयोगी]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990 | | [[चित्र:Dawa Yangzum Sherpa 1.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64406217|Q64406217]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[गीता शाही]] | नेपाली अभिनेत्री र मोडल | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-02-03 | | [[चित्र:Gita Shahi 2.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q37467229|Q37467229]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[तेजश्री थापा]] | मानव अधिकारकर्मी, वकिल र खोजकर्ता | [[मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता]]<br/>[[अधिवक्ता]]<br/>[[लेखक]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-11-10 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-03-26 | | [[:d:Q62581438|Q62581438]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[शान्ति मिश्र]] | नेपाली लाइब्रेरियन तथा लेखक (१९३८–२०१९) | [[लेखक]]<br/>[[librarian]]<br/>[[अनुवादक]]<br/>[[lecturer]]<br/>[[historian]] | data-sort-value="1938" | 1938-06-22 | data-sort-value="2019" | 2019-05-15 | [[चित्र:Shanti Mishra graduation.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q94508889|Q94508889]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[पेम्बा डोमा शेर्पा]] | नेपाली हिमाल आरोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-07-07 | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-05-22 | [[चित्र:Pemba Doma Sherpa.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q4357604|Q4357604]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[मोतिलक्ष्मी उपासिका]] | | [[लेखक]]<br/>[[कवि]] | data-sort-value="1909" | 1909-06-30 | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997 | [[चित्र:Moti laxmi upasika.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q16013979|Q16013979]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[पासाङ ल्हामु शेर्पा अकिता]] | नेपाली महिला पर्वतारोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | | [[:d:Q27975671|Q27975671]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[सङ्गीता श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली महिला चलचित्र निर्देशक | [[चलचित्र निर्देशक]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-10-16 | | [[चित्र:Sangita Shrestha 02.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q56190200|Q56190200]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[सङ्गीता मगर]] | नेपाली महिला अधिकारकर्मी | [[मानव अधिकार कार्यकर्ता]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1990s | | | [[:d:Q63384810|Q63384810]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[सरस्वती चौधरी]] | नेपाली महिला एथलेटिक्स खेलाडी | [[sprinter]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-02-12 | | | [[:d:Q68973687|Q68973687]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[उषा शेरचन]] | | [[कवि]]<br/>[[lyricist]] | data-sort-value="1955" | 1955-08-22 | | [[चित्र:Usha Sherchan1.JPG|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q110983836|Q110983836]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[केल्साङ चुकी तेथोङ]] | अभिनेत्री र चलचित्र निर्देशक | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[चलचित्र कलाकार]]<br/>[[गायक]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-11 | | [[चित्र:CHUCKIE KESLANG TETHONG.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q3194932|Q3194932]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[अधिराजकुमारी प्रेरणा]] | नेपाली अधिराजकुमारी | [[शाही सदस्य]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-02-20 | | | [[:d:Q4202325|Q4202325]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[नाङ्सल तामाङ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-12-28 | | | [[:d:Q18175685|Q18175685]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[करुणा भण्डारी]] | नेपाली राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलि को सदस्य | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-24 | | | [[:d:Q47089258|Q47089258]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[उपासना सिंह ठकुरी]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998-09-20 | | | [[:d:Q61778826|Q61778826]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[धनकुमारी बज्राचार्य]] | कुमारी | [[कुमारी (जीवित देवी)|कुमारी]] | | | | [[:d:Q68005618|Q68005618]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[सोनिया भट्ट]] | नेपाली जुडो खेलाडी | [[जुडोका]] | data-sort-value="2002" | 2002-01-04 | | | [[:d:Q107456052|Q107456052]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[रेणु कुमारी यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1963" | 1963-06-19 | | | [[:d:Q3425614|Q3425614]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[चन्द्रकला थापा]] | नेपाली खेलाडी | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-09-02 | | | [[:d:Q5071283|Q5071283]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[मिङ किपा]] | नेपाली हिमाल आरोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988 | | | [[:d:Q6864647|Q6864647]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[नगमा श्रेष्ठ]] | मिस नेपाल प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-10 | | | [[:d:Q6958877|Q6958877]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[Chandra Kumari Gurung]] | | | data-sort-value="1956" | 1956 | | | [[:d:Q16166617|Q16166617]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[देवु थापा]] | ओलम्पिक जुडो खेलाडी | [[जुडोका]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-02-07 | | | [[:d:Q16215125|Q16215125]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[Nimdoma Sherpa]] | | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991 | | | [[:d:Q16762305|Q16762305]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[दिलमाया कार्की]] | नेपाली महिला खेलाडी | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-10-05<br/>1988-08-05 | | | [[:d:Q20895958|Q20895958]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[Srijana Regmi]] | | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-12-28 | | | [[:d:Q23796629|Q23796629]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[निशा रावल]] | नेपाली तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी | [[तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-09-11 | | [[चित्र:Olynisharawal.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q24678840|Q24678840]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[Samita Bajracharya]] | | [[schoolchild]] | | | [[चित्र:Kumari.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q27990214|Q27990214]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[Laxmi Kunwar]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-03-29 | | | [[:d:Q28718095|Q28718095]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[रोनाली अमात्य]] | नेपाली महिला मोडल | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-12-18 | | [[चित्र:Ronali Amatya.png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q51757185|Q51757185]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[Khandro Lhamo]] | | [[चिकित्सक]] | data-sort-value="1914" | 1914 | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-03-30 | [[चित्र:Dilgo Khyentse Family.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q59877941|Q59877941]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[रवीना देसराज श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली बैंकर तथा पब्लिक फिगर | [[banker]]<br/>[[अभिनेता]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-04-27 | | | [[:d:Q62570956|Q62570956]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[Bandana Nepal]] | | [[dancer]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | | [[:d:Q96059398|Q96059398]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[Sonika Manandhar]] | | [[environmentalist]]<br/>[[programmer]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-01-17 | | [[चित्र:Sonika Manandhar UN Award Speech.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q104420892|Q104420892]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[बेलमाया नेपाली]] | | [[documentary filmmaker]] | | | | [[:d:Q109283523|Q109283523]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[रोशनी रसाइली]] | नेपाली गायीका | [[गायक]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-11-05 | | [[चित्र:Singer roshani rasaili.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q120496223|Q120496223]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[प्रेक्ष्या शाह]] | नेपाल शाह वंशीय सदस्य | | data-sort-value="1952" | 1952-01-19 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-11-12 | | [[:d:Q3910252|Q3910252]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[मोनी मुलेपती]] | नेपाली महिला पर्वतारोही | [[पर्वतारोही]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980 | | [[चित्र:41214461 everestlarga.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q6899850|Q6899850]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[सुष्मा जोशी]] | नेपाली लेखिका | [[लेखक]]<br/>[[director]]<br/>[[कलाकार]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-05-26 | | [[चित्र:Sushma Joshi.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q7648973|Q7648973]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[बिभाश्वरी राई]] | नेपाली महिला खेल सुटर | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970-03-25 | | | [[:d:Q11854223|Q11854223]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[सोफिया शाह]] | पौडी खेलाडी | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-08-09 | | | [[:d:Q16239784|Q16239784]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[मणिकला राई]] | नेपाली अल्ट्राम्याराथन धावक | [[अल्ट्राम्याराथन धावक]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-11-27 | | [[चित्र:Manikala Rai.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q20127296|Q20127296]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[Princess Shanti Singh of Nepal]] | | | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-20 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-01 | | [[:d:Q21009742|Q21009742]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[Princess Jayanti of Nepal]] | | [[सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता]] | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-08-04 | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001-06-01 | | [[:d:Q21009741|Q21009741]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[Princess Shova Shahi of Nepal]] | | | data-sort-value="1949" | 1949-01-13 | | [[चित्र:Statiefoto van Koninklijke familie, voorste rij HM, Koning Nepal, Koningin Nepal, Bestanddeelnr 920-2634 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q21067412|Q21067412]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[सोनी राजभण्डारी]] | मिस नेपाल २०१४ प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989 | | | [[:d:Q23883481|Q23883481]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[Raj Kumari Pandey]] | | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1969" | 1969-12-13 | | | [[:d:Q29995877|Q29995877]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[प्रिया सिग्देल]] | सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-12-08 | | | [[:d:Q51756966|Q51756966]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[कञ्चन अमात्य]] | महिला मानव अधिकारकर्मी | [[social entrepreneur]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996 | | | [[:d:Q53870564|Q53870564]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[प्रदिप्ता अधिकारी]] | नेपाली महिला सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-06-03 | | | [[:d:Q64009491|Q64009491]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[Shova Kumari Lama]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974-05-17 | | [[चित्र:Shova Kumari Lama (1) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64015981|Q64015981]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[करिमा बेगम]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-03-23 | | [[चित्र:Karima Begam (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64063158|Q64063158]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[रुबी कर्ण]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-07-06 | | [[चित्र:Rubi Karna (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64133042|Q64133042]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[Prashna Shakya]] | | [[गायक]] | | | [[चित्र:Prashna Shakya.png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64746550|Q64746550]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[हसिमा खातुन]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Hasima Khatun (1).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q67911139|Q67911139]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[सृजना सुब्बा]] | नेपाली अभिनेत्री | [[अभिनेता]] | | | | [[:d:Q93439703|Q93439703]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[गिता राना]] | | [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-09-10 | | | [[:d:Q106003615|Q106003615]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[Sanu Siva]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020 | | [[:d:Q107026786|Q107026786]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[Preeti Rai]] | | [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="2004" | 2004 | | [[चित्र:Preeti Rai Women’s National Football Team 1 (cropped).png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q125429179|Q125429179]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[Manita Shrestha Pradhan]] | | [[जुडोका]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-06-01 | | | [[:d:Q127690896|Q127690896]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[सम्पदा घिमिरे]] | नेपाली सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता विजेता | [[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[marketer]]<br/>[[climate activist]]<br/>[[yogini]] | data-sort-value="2001" | 2001 | | | [[:d:Q130289252|Q130289252]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[Luna Luitel]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-03-03 | | [[चित्र:Luna Luitel Miss Nepal World 2025 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q136031827|Q136031827]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[जनक कुमारी चालिसे]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q6150649|Q6150649]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[देविका बन्दना]] | नेपाली गायिका | [[गायक]] | | | | [[:d:Q16197783|Q16197783]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[नयना शाक्य]] | ओलम्पिक पौडी खेलाडी | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-10 | | | [[:d:Q16222041|Q16222041]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[सम्पदा मल्ल]] | | [[चलचित्र निर्माता]]<br/>[[लेखक]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-02-19 | | | [[:d:Q16231931|Q16231931]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[Supriya Maskey]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="2000" | 2000-06-17 | | | [[:d:Q16240366|Q16240366]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[Lily Thapa]] | | [[अभियानी]] | | | | [[:d:Q16886068|Q16886068]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[प्रिन्सा श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली महिला मोडल | [[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-09-11 | | | [[:d:Q19661026|Q19661026]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[सीता कुमारी राई]] | नेपाली खेलाडी | [[तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-02-16 | | | [[:d:Q19830111|Q19830111]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[Princess Princep Shah of Nepal]] | | | data-sort-value="1930" | 1930-03-16 | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-05-22 | | [[:d:Q21070386|Q21070386]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[सुशीला सिंह]] | | [[न्यायाधीश|न्यायधिश]] | | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-05-22 | | [[:d:Q21459157|Q21459157]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[Nilu Doma Sherpa]] | | [[चलचित्र निर्देशक]] | data-sort-value="1985" | 1985 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-07-01 | [[चित्र:Nilu Doma Sherpa, Filmmaker, IVLP participant from Nepal (27700381796).png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q23769975|Q23769975]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[बिनिता बराल]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-10-08 | | [[चित्र:Binita Baral actress.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q27924720|Q27924720]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[अञ्जुकुमारी बिष्ट]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | | | | [[:d:Q31314642|Q31314642]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[देवीमाया पनेरू]] | नेपाली महिला धावक | [[sprinter]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-08-25 | | | [[:d:Q32381507|Q32381507]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[Tisa Shakya]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="2003" | 2003-02-04 | | | [[:d:Q33320546|Q33320546]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[कान्छीमाया कोजु]] | नेपाली एथलेटिक्स खेलाडी | [[खेलकुद विज्ञ]]<br/>[[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-02-03 | | | [[:d:Q42667977|Q42667977]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[पार्वती थापा]] | नेपाली महिला खेल सुटर | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | | | [[:d:Q43120853|Q43120853]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[दुर्गा पौडेल]] | नेपालको संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971-09-21 | | | [[:d:Q44783325|Q44783325]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[सुजाता परियार]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-02-15 | | | [[:d:Q44802020|Q44802020]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[सिता देवी यादव]] | संबिधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q45086943|Q45086943]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[सोभा आले]] | नेपाल महिला राष्ट्रिय क्रिकेट टिम | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-06-29 | | | [[:d:Q47087984|Q47087984]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[अनिता श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली खेल सुटर | [[खेलकुद विज्ञ]]<br/>[[खेल सुटर]] | | | | [[:d:Q48869417|Q48869417]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[Nishma Gurung]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-03-11 | | | [[:d:Q48869749|Q48869749]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[रमा सिंह]] | नेपाली टेलिभिजन व्यक्तित्व र महिला फुटबल खेलाडी | [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] | | | [[चित्र:Rama Singh.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q51655395|Q51655395]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[शशिला महर्जन]] | नेपाली जीवरासायनिक शास्त्री | [[biochemist]]<br/>[[biotechnologist]] | | | | [[:d:Q51845108|Q51845108]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[Anju Kumari]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-02-12 | | [[चित्र:Anju Kumari (1) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64015754|Q64015754]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[भीमा यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-06-29 | | [[चित्र:Bhima Yadav (1).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64039326|Q64039326]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[निलम देवी भुमिहारनी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-05-08 | | [[चित्र:Nilam Devi Bhumiharin (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q64117314|Q64117314]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[शशिकला दाहाल]] | | | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-05-28 | | | [[:d:Q66486498|Q66486498]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[अनिता कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-08-13 | | | [[:d:Q67867869|Q67867869]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[असिया देवी थरुनी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-05-13 | | | [[:d:Q67868468|Q67868468]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[गीता कुमारी यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1971" | 1971 | | [[चित्र:Gita Kumari Yadav.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q67871177|Q67871177]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[जगतारेण देवी सुडिन]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Jaktarain Devi Sah Sudin (2).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q67911690|Q67911690]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[मन्जु कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q67915651|Q67915651]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[मन्जु कुमारी यादव]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-01-11 | | | [[:d:Q67915719|Q67915719]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[Chandra Kala Lamgade]] | | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]]<br/>[[javelin thrower]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-09-10 | | | [[:d:Q80046291|Q80046291]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[रानी कुमारी तिवारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-10-26 | | | [[:d:Q105942772|Q105942772]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[Surita Kumari Shah]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966-03-03 | | | [[:d:Q105942922|Q105942922]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[Gyani Maiya Sen-Kusunda]] | | [[किसान|कृषक]] | data-sort-value="1937" | 1937 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-01-25 | [[चित्र:Gyani Maiya Sen Kusunda-"Gyani Maiya" (2019 documentary).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q106811256|Q106811256]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[Sarita Neupane]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q107026755|Q107026755]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[Chandra Kanta Devi Malla]] | | [[शिक्षक]]<br/>[[educator]] | data-sort-value="1897" | 1897 | data-sort-value="1986" | 1986 | | [[:d:Q109332415|Q109332415]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[Saru Limbu]] | | [[फुटबल खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1999" | 1999-03-06 | | | [[:d:Q113040053|Q113040053]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[Sabita Dangol]] | | [[कलाकार]]<br/>[[चित्रकार]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984 | | [[चित्र:Sabita Dangol Contemporary Artist from Nepal WikiProfile.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q116250871|Q116250871]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[Bidya Chamling Rai]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q117471294|Q117471294]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[Indu Kadariya]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q123382520|Q123382520]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[Sony Pakhrin]] | | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="2007" | 2007-11-02 | | | [[:d:Q131698540|Q131698540]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[Sahara Sharma]] | | [[चलचित्र निर्माता]] | | | | [[:d:Q139583451|Q139583451]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[सुजना श्रेष्ठ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1988" | 1988-12-05 | | | [[:d:Q1342014|Q1342014]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[Sara Devi Tamang]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-06-04 | | | [[:d:Q2224151|Q2224151]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[अमिशा बस्नेत]] | | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-19 | | | [[:d:Q4746814|Q4746814]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[सरिता श्रेष्ठ]] | नेपाली चिकित्सक | [[चिकित्सक]] | data-sort-value="1957" | 1957-07-07 | | [[चित्र:Dr Sarita Shrestha.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q4794239|Q4794239]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[दामा कुमारी शर्मा]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q5211861|Q5211861]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[धर्मशिला चापागाईं]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1973" | 1973-01-18 | | | [[:d:Q5269249|Q5269249]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[दुर्गा कुमारी बि.क]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q5316379|Q5316379]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[हसिना मिया]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q5679156|Q5679156]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[जुन कुमारी रोका]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q6311490|Q6311490]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[लीला कुमारी भण्डारी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q6547472|Q6547472]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[निलम केसी खँड्का]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7036868|Q7036868]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[फूलमाया क्याप्छाकी]] | | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1980" | 1980-11-24 | | | [[:d:Q7187340|Q7187340]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[फूलमती देवी चौधरी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7188331|Q7188331]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[पूर्णाकुमारी सुवेदी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7261334|Q7261334]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[रेनु चन्द]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7313568|Q7313568]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[रुपा सोसी चौधरी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7380185|Q7380185]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[सदिच्छा श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-11-23 | | | [[:d:Q7397907|Q7397907]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[सरला रेग्मी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7423017|Q7423017]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[सबकी देवी दास तात्मा]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7442335|Q7442335]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[सीतादेबी बौडेल]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7531571|Q7531571]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[सुष्मा शर्मा घिमिरे]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7648977|Q7648977]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[उर्मिला अर्याल]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q7900743|Q7900743]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[सरिता डङ्गोल]] | नेपाली चित्रकार | [[चित्रकार]] | data-sort-value="1974" | 1974 | | | [[:d:Q11305353|Q11305353]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[योग माया]] | नेपाली अभियन्ता, समाजसेविका | [[अभियानी]] | data-sort-value="1861" | 1861 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | | [[:d:Q12011003|Q12011003]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[अप्साना गिरी]] | नेपाली महिला एस्पेरान्तोभाषी | [[Esperantist]] | data-sort-value="1981" | 1981-04-21 | data-sort-value="2008" | 2008-01-02 | | [[:d:Q12345243|Q12345243]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[मिनाक्षी झा]] | संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1960" | 1960-06-07 | | | [[:d:Q13184904|Q13184904]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[काशी पौडेल]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q16191006|Q16191006]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[सलमा खातुन मिकरानी]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1976" | 1976-01-25 | | | [[:d:Q16215941|Q16215941]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[रुना प्रधान]] | | [[पौडी खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-12-05 | | | [[:d:Q16223375|Q16223375]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[लिला कुमारी बगाले सोमई]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q16239920|Q16239920]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[Sarita Gurung]] | | [[philanthropist]]<br/>[[सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता]] | | | [[चित्र:SaritaGurung.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q16256873|Q16256873]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[ज्ञानकुमारी छन्त्याल]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953 | data-sort-value="2020" | 2020-07-01 | | [[:d:Q17385735|Q17385735]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[राधा ज्ञवाली]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954 | | | [[:d:Q17386003|Q17386003]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[निज्मा खुतान]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q17386175|Q17386175]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[शिक्षा श्रेष्ठ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-09 | | | [[:d:Q18171093|Q18171093]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[पुनम गुरुङ]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992-10-17 | | | [[:d:Q18175684|Q18175684]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[Shashi Kumary Adhikary]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q19917629|Q19917629]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[पूर्ण शोभा चित्रकार]] | नेपाली महिला शान्तिकर्मी | | | | [[चित्र:4MSP Lusaka 2013 ©CMC (9967354346).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q19921542|Q19921542]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[Indu Devi Thapaliya]] | | [[Esperantist]] | data-sort-value="1962" | 1962-06-20 | | [[चित्र:Indu Devi Thapaliya.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q20479334|Q20479334]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[Nirjala Tamrakar]] | | [[sport cyclist]] | data-sort-value="1979" | 1979-08-24 | | [[चित्र:Worldcup France 2012.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q24898424|Q24898424]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[Bhagawati Khatri]] | | [[खेल सुटर]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972 | | | [[:d:Q27907431|Q27907431]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[रोजिना श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994-03-19 | | [[चित्र:Rojina Shrestha.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q30110052|Q30110052]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[सहारा बस्नेत]] | नेपाली महिला मोडल | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]] | | | [[चित्र:Sahara Basnet.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q30110208|Q30110208]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[मदन कुमारी शाह (गरिमा शाह)]] | संबिधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q44148576|Q44148576]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[रञ्जु कुमारी झा]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1965" | 1965-09-07 | | [[चित्र:Ranju Kumari Jha.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q44271483|Q44271483]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[निर्जला राउत]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1968" | 1968-10-13 | | | [[:d:Q44274982|Q44274982]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[लक्ष्मी कुमारी चौधरी]] | नेपालको दोश्रो संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-04-03 | | | [[:d:Q44279370|Q44279370]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[दुलारी देवी]] | नेपालको संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1970" | 1970 | data-sort-value="2017" | 2017-03-23 | | [[:d:Q44789020|Q44789020]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[ईश्वरी न्यौपाने]] | नेपालको संविधान सभा सदस्य | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:सांसद ईश्वरी न्यौपाने Ishwari Neupane.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q45004136|Q45004136]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[शोभा गौचन]] | ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी | [[ब्याडमिन्टन खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1993" | 1993-04-18 | | | [[:d:Q46902413|Q46902413]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[सरस्वती कुमारी चौधरी]] | नेपाली राष्ट्रिय महिला क्रिकेट टोलि को सदस्य | [[क्रिकेट खेलाडी]] | data-sort-value="1997" | 1997-01-28 | | | [[:d:Q47087995|Q47087995]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[Rejina Uprety]] | | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[चलचित्र निर्माता]] | | | [[चित्र:Rejina Uprety (cropped).jpeg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q47464928|Q47464928]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[स्नेहा श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[basketball player]] | data-sort-value="1995" | 1995-03-01<br/>1995-01-21 | | | [[:d:Q50717791|Q50717791]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[Thinley Lhamo]] | | [[अभिनेता]] | | | [[चित्र:Shambhala (Premiere Berlinale 2024) 1.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q54958039|Q54958039]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[Sabita Rajbhandari]] | | [[तेक्वान्दो खेलाडी]] | | | | [[:d:Q56318222|Q56318222]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[सुवेक्षा खड्का]] | नेपाली महिला सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी | [[मोडल (मानिस)|मोडल]]<br/>[[सौन्दर्य प्रतियोगिता प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1994" | 1994 | | [[चित्र:Subeksha Khadka.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q59656231|Q59656231]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[नैनकला ओझा]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q66370970|Q66370970]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[Bodhmaya Kumari Yadav]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q66391512|Q66391512]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[विना पोखरेल]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q66606785|Q66606785]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[कलिला खातुन]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Kalila Khatun PP.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q66659072|Q66659072]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[थारु, शिवानी सिंह]] | | [[television presenter]]<br/>[[उपन्यासकार]]<br/>[[पत्रकार]]<br/>[[नाटककार]] | | | | [[:d:Q66860332|Q66860332]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[बबिता कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-07-18 | | | [[:d:Q67868805|Q67868805]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[Bechi Lungeli]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-28 | | | [[:d:Q67869573|Q67869573]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[चमेली देवी दास]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1977" | 1977-07-07 | | | [[:d:Q67870449|Q67870449]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[Fuliya Devi Saday]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-06-03 | | | [[:d:Q67871104|Q67871104]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[किरण कुमारी राई]] | नेपाल राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1978" | 1978-10-01 | | | [[:d:Q67915184|Q67915184]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[निरा कुमारी शाह]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1987" | 1987-06-12 | | | [[:d:Q67935365|Q67935365]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[दिलकुमारी रावल थापा]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | | | | | [[:d:Q69524324|Q69524324]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[केशरी चौधरी]] | नेपाली महिला खेलाडी | [[एथ्लेटिक्स प्रतियोगी]] | data-sort-value="1991" | 1991-07-25 | | | [[:d:Q96249806|Q96249806]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[शेषकला पाण्डे]] | समाजसेवी | | | | | [[:d:Q106205604|Q106205604]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[पूर्णिमा श्रेष्ठ]] | | [[photographer]]<br/>[[photojournalist]] | | | | [[:d:Q109324620|Q109324620]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[पल्पसा डङ्गोल]] | नेपाली अभिनेत्री | [[अभिनेता]] | | | [[चित्र:Palpasa Dangol.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q109389899|Q109389899]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[Monalisha Khamboo]] | | [[chess player]] | data-sort-value="1992" | 1992 | | | [[:d:Q109419600|Q109419600]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[आशा मगराती]] | नेपाली कलाकार | [[अभिनेता]]<br/>[[casting director]]<br/>[[चलचित्र निर्माता]]<br/>[[पटकथाकार]] | | | [[चित्र:Actress Asha Magrati at 81st Venice International Film Festival for Pouja, Sir EDITED.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q110620940|Q110620940]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[Kamala Panta]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q110700869|Q110700869]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[Kamala Sen-Khatri]] | | | | | | [[:d:Q113585474|Q113585474]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[Nirmala Sharma]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]]<br/>[[पत्रकार]] | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958-08-29 | | [[चित्र:Nirmala Sharma2.JPG|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q113729137|Q113729137]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[Kanta Rizal]] | | [[diplomat]] | | | [[चित्र:Kanta Rizal (GPOHZ0 2834) (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q115764140|Q115764140]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[लक्ष्मी तिवारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q115857024|Q115857024]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[Chanda Karki]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | [[चित्र:Chanda Karki.png|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q115857184|Q115857184]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[Maya Panta]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q117471297|Q117471297]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[Sabina Bajagain]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q117824504|Q117824504]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[Nilam Karn]] | | [[banker]]<br/>[[Wikimedian]]<br/>[[Wikipedian]] | | | [[चित्र:Nilam Karn And Biplab Anand - Hyderabad 2023-04-28 7865 (cropped).jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q121503206|Q121503206]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[सुनमाया बुढा]] | नेपाली महिला धाविका | [[धावक]] | data-sort-value="1998" | 1998 | | | [[:d:Q123690167|Q123690167]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[Sheila Dixit Karki]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q123945408|Q123945408]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[Nimsari Rajbanshi]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q124006702|Q124006702]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[बबिना भट्टराई]] | नेपाली गायिका | [[गायक]] | data-sort-value="1990" | 1990-09-17 | | [[चित्र:Babina bhattarai.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q124396920|Q124396920]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[बन्दना झाँगड]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | | | | [[:d:Q128784714|Q128784714]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[शुक माया तामाङ]] | | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1975" | 1975-07-09 | | [[चित्र:Hon'able Minister Shuk Maya Tamang.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q130266573|Q130266573]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[Ashmina Ranjit]] | | [[interdisciplinary artist]] | data-sort-value="1966" | 1966 | | | [[:d:Q133226301|Q133226301]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱞ ᱚᱞᱤ]] | | [[मनोरञ्जनकर्ता]]<br/>[[contemporary folk singer]]<br/>[[रेडियो व्यक्तित्व]]<br/>[[समाचार प्रस्तोता]]<br/>[[राजनीतिज्ञ]]<br/>[[गायक]] | | | [[चित्र:Komal oli.jpg|center|100px]] | [[:d:Q133759654|Q133759654]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[पुष्पा कुमारी चौधरी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[Auxiliary nurse midwife]]<br/>[[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1989" | 1989-11-20 | | | [[:d:Q138664900|Q138664900]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[गौरी कुमारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]] | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-01-19 | | | [[:d:Q138798005|Q138798005]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[नीतिमा भण्डारी]] | नेपाली राजनीतिज्ञ तथा उद्यमी | [[राजनीतिज्ञ]]<br/>[[उद्यमी]] | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-07-17 | | | [[:d:Q138798022|Q138798022]] |} {{Wikidata list end}} cqvjw88e8jj53abxg5r4jgwdfeeof7k 0 121002 1358354 1321976 2026-06-08T06:34:24Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358354 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बर्मेली गोर्खाली''' ( {{Lang-my|ဂေါ်ရခါးလူမျိုးများ}} ; {{Lang-ne|गोरखाली}}) [[म्यानमार]] (पूर्व बर्मा) मा बस्ने [[नेपाली भाषा]] बोल्ने [[म्यानमार|बर्म]] को [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाली]] जातीय समूह समूह हो। [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाहरू]] बर्मामा धेरै शताब्दीहरूमा बसोबास गर्दै छन्, बर्मामा बेलायती शासनको बेलामा अधिकांश [[गोरखाली|गोर्खा]] [[नेपाल|नेपालबाट]] बसाई सरेका थिए। नेपालीहरूको अनुमानित जनसङ्ख्या करिब ५ लाख छ। अधिकांश नेपालीहरू अहिले याङ्गोन (रङ्गुन), [[माण्डले|म्यानडाले]], पाइन यू ल्विन , मोगोक , तामु, कलाइम्यो, , टौंगयी र देश को अन्य भागहरूमा बस्छन्। == इतिहास र जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == [[म्यानमार|म्यानमारमा]] बसोबास गर्ने अन्य व्यक्तिहरू जस्तै नेपालीहरू पनि अधिकांश बेलायती प्रशासनको साथ आएका थिए। धेरै [[गोरखाली|गोर्खालीहरूले]] [[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध|दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को बर्मा अभियानको बेलामा सेवा गरेका थिए। १९४८ मा बर्माको स्वतन्त्रता पछि, नेपाली/ गोर्खाहरू बर्मा सेनामा भर्ती भए। धेरै [[गोरखाली|गोरखाले]] नयाँ गणतन्त्रको लागि जातीय विद्रोही र कुमिन्तांग आक्रमणको बिरूद्ध विभिन्न अभियानमा काम गरे। १९५० को दसकमा [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाली]]लाई बर्मी सेनाको प्रमुख सम्पत्ति मानिन्थ्यो।<ref>Defence Museum, Yangon</ref> == संस्कृति == [[म्यानमार|म्यानमारका]] धेरै नेपालीहरूले [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] र [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध धर्मको]] अभ्यास गर्छन्। काचिन राज्य, शान राज्य, यांगोन र मन्डलायका वरपरका शहरहरूमा केही बौद्ध र हिन्दु मन्दिरहरू छन्। नेपालीले मिचीना , मोगोक र पाइन यू ल्विन (मेम्यो) को हिल स्टेशनमा ठुलो अल्पसङ्ख्यकको गठन गर्दछ। === भाषा === प्रायः गोरखाले सामान्यतया [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] र [[बर्मेली भाषा|बर्मी]] भाषाहरू बोल्छन्। === शिक्षा === नेपालीहरूले शिक्षालाई उच्च महत्त्व दिन्छन्, र उनीहरूले बर्मामा उन्नत (मेडिकल, इन्जिनियरिङ वा डॉक्टरेट) डिग्रीको तुलनात्मक रूपमा उच्च हिस्साको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछन्।<ref>Burma Citizenship Law harsh on ethnic Burma Citizenship Law harsh on ethnic|{{Cite web|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id%3D3795|title=Archived copy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123130924/http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3795|archivedate=2011-01-23|accessdate=2013-05-14}}</ref><ref>Burma Citizenship Law 1982|http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b4f71b.html</ref> == उल्लेख्यानीय बर्माका नेपालीहरू == ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[म्यानमार]] * [[नेपालको जनसाङ्ख्यिकी|नेपालको जनसाङ्ख्यिकीय]] * [[नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}}   == बाह्य लिंकहरू == [[श्रेणी:गोर्खाली]] cq86sqryhjz94xmyawyfartwbx0uqsj 1358355 1358354 2026-06-08T06:36:59Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* उल्लेख्यानीय बर्माका नेपालीहरू */ 1358355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बर्मेली गोर्खाली''' ( {{Lang-my|ဂေါ်ရခါးလူမျိုးများ}} ; {{Lang-ne|गोरखाली}}) [[म्यानमार]] (पूर्व बर्मा) मा बस्ने [[नेपाली भाषा]] बोल्ने [[म्यानमार|बर्म]] को [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाली]] जातीय समूह समूह हो। [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाहरू]] बर्मामा धेरै शताब्दीहरूमा बसोबास गर्दै छन्, बर्मामा बेलायती शासनको बेलामा अधिकांश [[गोरखाली|गोर्खा]] [[नेपाल|नेपालबाट]] बसाई सरेका थिए। नेपालीहरूको अनुमानित जनसङ्ख्या करिब ५ लाख छ। अधिकांश नेपालीहरू अहिले याङ्गोन (रङ्गुन), [[माण्डले|म्यानडाले]], पाइन यू ल्विन , मोगोक , तामु, कलाइम्यो, , टौंगयी र देश को अन्य भागहरूमा बस्छन्। == इतिहास र जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == [[म्यानमार|म्यानमारमा]] बसोबास गर्ने अन्य व्यक्तिहरू जस्तै नेपालीहरू पनि अधिकांश बेलायती प्रशासनको साथ आएका थिए। धेरै [[गोरखाली|गोर्खालीहरूले]] [[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध|दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को बर्मा अभियानको बेलामा सेवा गरेका थिए। १९४८ मा बर्माको स्वतन्त्रता पछि, नेपाली/ गोर्खाहरू बर्मा सेनामा भर्ती भए। धेरै [[गोरखाली|गोरखाले]] नयाँ गणतन्त्रको लागि जातीय विद्रोही र कुमिन्तांग आक्रमणको बिरूद्ध विभिन्न अभियानमा काम गरे। १९५० को दसकमा [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाली]]लाई बर्मी सेनाको प्रमुख सम्पत्ति मानिन्थ्यो।<ref>Defence Museum, Yangon</ref> == संस्कृति == [[म्यानमार|म्यानमारका]] धेरै नेपालीहरूले [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] र [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध धर्मको]] अभ्यास गर्छन्। काचिन राज्य, शान राज्य, यांगोन र मन्डलायका वरपरका शहरहरूमा केही बौद्ध र हिन्दु मन्दिरहरू छन्। नेपालीले मिचीना , मोगोक र पाइन यू ल्विन (मेम्यो) को हिल स्टेशनमा ठुलो अल्पसङ्ख्यकको गठन गर्दछ। === भाषा === प्रायः गोरखाले सामान्यतया [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] र [[बर्मेली भाषा|बर्मी]] भाषाहरू बोल्छन्। === शिक्षा === नेपालीहरूले शिक्षालाई उच्च महत्त्व दिन्छन्, र उनीहरूले बर्मामा उन्नत (मेडिकल, इन्जिनियरिङ वा डॉक्टरेट) डिग्रीको तुलनात्मक रूपमा उच्च हिस्साको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछन्।<ref>Burma Citizenship Law harsh on ethnic Burma Citizenship Law harsh on ethnic|{{Cite web|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id%3D3795|title=Archived copy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123130924/http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3795|archivedate=2011-01-23|accessdate=2013-05-14}}</ref><ref>Burma Citizenship Law 1982|http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b4f71b.html</ref> == उल्लेख्यानीय बर्माका नेपालीहरू == [[चित्र:Suk_Bahadur_Rai.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|220x220पिक्सेल|सुक बहादुर राई ([[वीरगति]] १९५० )]] ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[म्यानमार]] * [[नेपालको जनसाङ्ख्यिकी|नेपालको जनसाङ्ख्यिकीय]] * [[नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}}   == बाह्य लिंकहरू == [[श्रेणी:गोर्खाली]] q1yqhf42k32mfv5e8gvywaripv3efyv 1358359 1358355 2026-06-08T06:41:52Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* बाह्य लिंकहरू */ 1358359 wikitext text/x-wiki '''बर्मेली गोर्खाली''' ( {{Lang-my|ဂေါ်ရခါးလူမျိုးများ}} ; {{Lang-ne|गोरखाली}}) [[म्यानमार]] (पूर्व बर्मा) मा बस्ने [[नेपाली भाषा]] बोल्ने [[म्यानमार|बर्म]] को [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाली]] जातीय समूह समूह हो। [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाहरू]] बर्मामा धेरै शताब्दीहरूमा बसोबास गर्दै छन्, बर्मामा बेलायती शासनको बेलामा अधिकांश [[गोरखाली|गोर्खा]] [[नेपाल|नेपालबाट]] बसाई सरेका थिए। नेपालीहरूको अनुमानित जनसङ्ख्या करिब ५ लाख छ। अधिकांश नेपालीहरू अहिले याङ्गोन (रङ्गुन), [[माण्डले|म्यानडाले]], पाइन यू ल्विन , मोगोक , तामु, कलाइम्यो, , टौंगयी र देश को अन्य भागहरूमा बस्छन्। == इतिहास र जनसाङ्ख्यिकी == [[म्यानमार|म्यानमारमा]] बसोबास गर्ने अन्य व्यक्तिहरू जस्तै नेपालीहरू पनि अधिकांश बेलायती प्रशासनको साथ आएका थिए। धेरै [[गोरखाली|गोर्खालीहरूले]] [[दोस्रो विश्व युद्ध|दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को बर्मा अभियानको बेलामा सेवा गरेका थिए। १९४८ मा बर्माको स्वतन्त्रता पछि, नेपाली/ गोर्खाहरू बर्मा सेनामा भर्ती भए। धेरै [[गोरखाली|गोरखाले]] नयाँ गणतन्त्रको लागि जातीय विद्रोही र कुमिन्तांग आक्रमणको बिरूद्ध विभिन्न अभियानमा काम गरे। १९५० को दसकमा [[गोरखाली|गोर्खाली]]लाई बर्मी सेनाको प्रमुख सम्पत्ति मानिन्थ्यो।<ref>Defence Museum, Yangon</ref> == संस्कृति == [[म्यानमार|म्यानमारका]] धेरै नेपालीहरूले [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]] र [[बौद्ध धर्म|बौद्ध धर्मको]] अभ्यास गर्छन्। काचिन राज्य, शान राज्य, यांगोन र मन्डलायका वरपरका शहरहरूमा केही बौद्ध र हिन्दु मन्दिरहरू छन्। नेपालीले मिचीना , मोगोक र पाइन यू ल्विन (मेम्यो) को हिल स्टेशनमा ठुलो अल्पसङ्ख्यकको गठन गर्दछ। === भाषा === प्रायः गोरखाले सामान्यतया [[नेपाली भाषा|नेपाली]] र [[बर्मेली भाषा|बर्मी]] भाषाहरू बोल्छन्। === शिक्षा === नेपालीहरूले शिक्षालाई उच्च महत्त्व दिन्छन्, र उनीहरूले बर्मामा उन्नत (मेडिकल, इन्जिनियरिङ वा डॉक्टरेट) डिग्रीको तुलनात्मक रूपमा उच्च हिस्साको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछन्।<ref>Burma Citizenship Law harsh on ethnic Burma Citizenship Law harsh on ethnic|{{Cite web|url=http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id%3D3795|title=Archived copy|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123130924/http://www.irrawaddy.org/print_article.php?art_id=3795|archivedate=2011-01-23|accessdate=2013-05-14}}</ref><ref>Burma Citizenship Law 1982|http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b4f71b.html</ref> == उल्लेख्यानीय बर्माका नेपालीहरू == [[चित्र:Suk_Bahadur_Rai.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|220x220पिक्सेल|सुक बहादुर राई ([[वीरगति]] १९५० )]] ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[म्यानमार]] * [[नेपालको जनसाङ्ख्यिकी|नेपालको जनसाङ्ख्यिकीय]] * [[नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}}   == बाह्य लिंकहरू == [[श्रेणी:नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] [[श्रेणी:गोर्खाली]] 40ii8ptskwxbx29m0brkhtj2zflmvc2 10 121892 1358311 1357937 2026-06-08T02:37:35Z Biplab Anand 13653 + 1358311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox with collapsible groups | name = भारतका विमानस्थलहरू | state = {{{state|autocollapsed}}} | title = [[भारतका विमानस्थलहरूको सूची|भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] | titlestyle = background:lightsteelblue; | bodyclass = hlist | state1 = {{{state<includeonly>|autocollapse</includeonly>}}} | group1 = [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय]] <!---Airport's location appended as <small> link if not already in its name/s---> | list1 ={{Navbox|child | group1=[[केन्द्रीय भारत]] | list1= * [[देवी अहिल्या बाई होल्कर विमानस्थल|इन्दौर]]{{ref|restricted|1}} * [[कुशीनगर अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कुशीनगर]] * [[चौधरी चरण सिंह विमानस्थल|लखनउ]] * [[लाल बहादुर शास्त्री विमानस्थल|वाराणसी]] | group2=[[पूर्वी भारत]] | list2= * [[बागडोगरा विमानस्थल|सिलिगुडी]]{{ref|restricted|1}} * [[बिजु पटनायक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|भुवनेश्वर]] * [[गया विमानस्थल|गया]]{{ref|restricted|1}} * [[नेताजी सुभाष चन्द्र बोस अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कोलकाता]] * [[जय प्रकाश नारायण विमानस्थल|पटना]]{{ref|restricted|1}} | group3=[[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत]] | list3= * [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|गुवाहाटी]] * [[इम्फाल विमानस्थल|इम्फाल]] * [[महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल|अगरतला]] | group4=[[उत्तर भारत]] | list4= * [[श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|अमृतसर]] * [[चण्डीगढ विमानस्थल|चण्डीगढ]]{{ref|restricted|1}} * [[इन्दिरा गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|दिल्ली]] * [[जयपुर अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|जयपुर]] * [[शेख उल-आलम अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|श्रीनगर]] | group5=[[दक्षिण भारत]] | list5= * [[केम्पेगौडा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|बेङ्गलोर]] * [[चेन्नई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|चेन्नई]] * [[कोयम्बटोर अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कोयम्बटोर]] * [[राजीव गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|हैदराबाद]] * [[कन्नुर अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कन्नुर]] * [[कोचिन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कोची]] * [[कालिकट अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|कोझिकोड]] * [[मदुरै विमानस्थल|मदुरै]]{{ref|restricted|1}} * [[मेङ्गलोर विमानस्थल (भारत)|मेङ्गलोर]] * [[वीर सवारकर अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|पोर्ट ब्लेयर]] * [[तिरुचिरापल्ली अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|तिरुचिरापल्ली]] * [[त्रीवेन्द्रम अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|थिरुवनन्तपुरम]] * [[विजयवाडा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|विजयवाडा]]{{ref|restricted|1}} * [[विसाखापट्टनम विमानस्थल|विसाखापट्टनम]]{{ref|restricted|1}} | group6=[[पश्चिम भारत]] | list6= * [[सरदार वल्लभभाई पटेल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|अहमदाबाद]] * [[ड्याबोलिम विमानस्थल|गोवा]] * [[छत्रपति शिवाजी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|मुम्बई]] * [[बाबासाहेब आम्बेडकर अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल|नागपुर]] * [[पुणे विमानस्थल|पुणे]]{{ref|restricted|1}} * [[सुरत विमानस्थल|सुरत]]{{ref|restricted|1}} | below = * {{note|restricted|1}} {{allow wrap|एक "प्रतिबन्धित अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल" (सीमा शुल्क विमानस्थल)को रूपमा रहेको; अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उडानहरू सीमित सङ्ख्यामा यी विमानस्थलहरूमा अनुमति दिने गरिएको छ।}} }} | state2 = collapsed | group2 = आन्तरिक | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = केन्द्रीय भारत | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group2 = छत्तीसगढ | list2 = * [[Ambikapur Airport|Ambikapur]] * [[Bhilai Airport|Bhilai]] * [[Bilaspur Airport|Bilaspur]] * [[Jagdalpur Airport|Jagdalpur]] * [[Jashpur Airport|Jashpur]] * [[Korba Airport|Korba]] * [[Raigarh Airport|Raigharh]] * [[Swami Vivekananda Airport|Raipur]] | group4 = मध्य प्रदेश | list4 = * [[Raja Bhoj Airport|Bhopal]] * [[Datia Airstrip|Datia]] * [[Gwalior Airport|Gwalior]] * [[Jabalpur Airport|Jabalpur]] * [[Khajuraho Airport|Khajuraho]] * [[Panna Airport|Panna]] * [[Satna Airport|Satna]] | group5 = उत्तर प्रदेश | list5 = * [[आगरा विमानस्थल|आगरा]] * [[अलीगढ विमानस्थल|अलीगढ]] * [[आजमगढ विमानस्थल|आजमगढ]] * [[प्रयागराज विमानस्थल|प्रयागराज]] * [[बरेली विमानस्थल|बरेली]] * [[चित्रकुट विमानस्थल|चित्रकुट]] * [[हिन्डन विमानस्थल|गाजियाबाद]] * [[गोरखपुर विमानस्थल|गोरखपुर]] * [[श्रावस्ती विमानस्थल|श्रावस्ती]] * [[कानपुर विमानस्थल|कानपुर चकेरी]] }} | group2 = पूर्वी भारत | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = बिहार | list1 = * [[दरभङ्गा विमानस्थल|दरभङ्गा]] * [[मुङ्गेर विमानस्थल|मुङ्गेर]] * [[मुजफ्फरपुर विमानस्थल|मुजफ्फरपुर]] * [[पूर्णिया विमानस्थल|पूर्णिया]] * [[रक्सौल विमानस्थल|रक्सौल]] | group2 = झारखण्ड | list2 = * [[Bokaro Airport|Bokaro]] * [[Chakulia Airport|Chakulia]] * [[Deoghar Airport|Deoghar]] * [[Dhanbad Airport|Dhanbad]] * [[Dumka Airport|Dumka]] * [[Sonari Airport|Jamshedpur]] * [[Birsa Munda Airport|Ranchi]] | group3 = ओडिशा | list3 = * [[Savitri Jindal Airport|Angul]] * [[Nuagaon Airport|Balangir]] * [[Barbil Tonto Aerodrome|Barbil]] * [[Satibhata Airstrip|Bargarh]] * [[Berhampur Airport|Berhampur]] * [[RAF Amarda Road|Baripada]] * [[Utkela Airstrip|Bhawanipatna]] * [[Charbatia Air Base|Cuttack]] * [[Birasal Airstrip|Dhenkanal]] * [[Jajpur Airstrip|Jajpur]] * [[Jeypore Airport|Jeypore]] * [[Jharsuguda Airport|Jharsuguda]] * [[Kendujhar Airstrip|Kendujhar]] * [[Lanjigarh Airstrip|Lanjigarh]] * [[Nawapara Airport|Nuapada]] * [[Phulbani Airstrip|Phulbani]] * [[Rairangpur Airport|Rairangpur]] * [[Gunupur Airstrip|Rayagada]] * [[Rourkela Airport|Rourkela]] * [[Hirakud Airstrip|Sambalpur]] * [[Therubali Airport|Therubali]] | group4 = पश्चिम बंगाल | list4 = * [[Burnpur Airport|Asansol]] * [[Balurghat Airport|Balurghat]] * [[Behala Airport|Behala]] * [[Cooch Behar Airport|Cooch Behar]] * [[Kazi Nazrul Islam Airport|Durgapur]] * [[Malda Airport|Malda]] * [[Charra Airfield|Purulia]] }} | group3 = उत्तरपूर्वी भारत | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = अरुणाचल प्रदेश | list1 = * [[Along Airport|Along]] * [[Daporijo Airport|Daporijo]] * [[Pasighat Airport|Pasighat]] * [[Tezu Airport|Tezu]] * [[Zero Airport|Zero]] | group2 = असम | list2 = * [[Rupsi Airport|Dhubri]] * [[Dibrugarh Airport|Dibrugarh]] * [[Jorhat Airport|Jorhat]] * [[Lilabari Airport|North Lakhimpur]] * [[Silchar Airport|Silchar]] * [[Tezpur Airport|Tezpur]] | group3 = मेघालय | list3 = * [[Shillong Airport|Shillong]] * [[Baljek Airport|Tura]] | group4 = मिजोरम | list4 = * [[Lengpui Airport|Aizawl]] | group5 = नागाल्याण्ड | list5 = * [[Dimapur Airport|Dimapur]] | group6 = सिक्किम | list6 = * [[Pakyong Airport|Gangtok]] | group7 = त्रिपुरा | list7 = * [[Agartala Airport|Agartala]] * [[Kailashahar Airport|Kailashahar]] * [[Kamalpur Airport|Kamalpur]] * [[Khowai Airport|Khowai]] }} | group4 = उत्तरी भारत | list4 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = हरियाणा | list1 = * [[Bhiwani Airport|Bhiwani]] * [[Gurugram Airstrip|Gurugram]] * [[Hisar Airport|Hisar]] * [[Karnal Airport|Karnal]] * [[Narnaul Airport|Narnaul]] * [[Pinjore Airport|Pinjore]] | group2 = हिमाचल प्रदेश | list2 = * [[Kangra Airport|Kangra]] * [[Kullu–Manali Airport|Kullu–Manali]] * [[Shimla Airport|Shimla]] | group3 = जम्मू कश्मीर | list3 = * [[Jammu Airport|Jammu]] * [[Kishtwar Airstrip|Kishtwar]] * [[Poonch Airport|Poonch]] * [[Rajouri Airport|Rajouri]] | group4 = लद्दाख | list4 = * [[Kargil Airport|Kargil]] * [[Kushok Bakula Rimpochee Airport|Leh]] | group5 = पञ्जाब | list5 = * [[Bathinda Airport|Bathinda]] * [[Sahnewal Airport|Ludhiana]] * [[Pathankot Airport|Pathankot]] | group6 = राजस्थान | list6 = * [[Nal Airport|Bikaner]] * [[Lalgarh Airport|Ganganagar]] * [[Jaisalmer Airport|Jaisalmer]] * [[Kolana Airport|Jhalawar]] * [[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur]] * [[Kishangarh Airport|Kishangarh]] * [[Kota Airport|Kota]] * [[Maharana Pratap Airport|Udaipur]] | group7 = उत्तराखण्ड | list7 = * [[Chinyalisaur Airport|Chinyalisaur]] * [[Dehradun Airport|Dehradun]] * [[Pantnagar Airport|Pantnagar]] * [[Pithoragarh Airport|Pithoragarh]] }} | group5 = दक्षिण भारत | list5 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = आन्ध्र प्रदेश | list1 = * [[Kadapa Airport|Kadapa]] * [[Kurnool Airport|Kurnool]] * [[Nagarjuna Sagar Airport|Nagarjuna Sagar]] * [[Sri Sathya Sai Airport|Puttaparthi]] * [[Rajahmundry Airport|Rajahmundry]] * [[Tirupati Airport|Tirupati]] | group2 = कर्नाटक | list2 = * [[Belgaum Airport|Belgaum]] * [[Bellary Airport|Bellary]] * [[New Bellary Airport|Bellary (new)]] * [[Bijapur Airport|Bijapur]] * [[Gulbarga Airport|Gulbarga]] * [[Hassan Airport (Karnataka)|Hassan]] * [[Hubli Airport|Hubli]] * [[Karwar Airport|Karwar]] * [[Mysore Airport|Mysore]] * [[Shimoga Airport|Shimoga]] * [[Jindal Vijaynagar Airport|Toranagallu]] | group3 = लक्षद्वीप | list3 = * [[Agatti Airport|Agatti]] | group4 = पुडुचेरी | list4 = * [[Pondicherry Airport|Pondicherry]] | group5 = तमिलनाडु | list5 = * [[Salem Airport (India)|Salem]] * [[Tuticorin Airport|Tuticorin]] * [[Vellore Airport|Vellore]] | group6 = तेलंगाना | list6 = }} | group6 = पश्चिमी भारत | list6 = {{Navbox|child <!--- | group1 = दादरा र नगर हवेली | list1 = * --> | group2 = दमन र दीव | list2 = * [[Daman Airport|Daman]] * [[Diu Airport|Diu]] <!--- | group3 = गोवा | list3 = * --> | group4 = गुजरात | list4 = * [[Bhavnagar Airport|Bhavnagar]] * [[Bhuj Airport|Bhuj]] * [[Deesa Airport|Deesa]] * [[Jamnagar Airport|Jamnagar]] * [[Kandla Airport|Kandla]] * [[Keshod Airport|Keshod]] * [[Mehsana Airport|Mehsana]] * [[Mundra Airport|Mundra]] * [[Naliya Air Force Station|Naliya]] * [[Porbandar Airport|Porbandar]] * [[Rajkot Airport|Rajkot]] * [[Vadodara Airport|Vadodara]] | group5 = महाराष्ट्र | list5 = * [[Aamby Valley Airport|Aamby Valley]] * [[Akola Airport|Akola]] * [[Aurangabad Airport|Aurangabad]] * [[Baramati Airport|Baramati]] * [[Chandrapur Airport|Chandrapur]] * [[Dhule Airport|Dhule]] * [[Hadapsar Airport|Hadapsar]] * [[Jalgaon Airport|Jalgaon]] * [[Karad Airport|Karad]] * [[Kolhapur Airport|Kolhapur]] * [[Latur Airport|Latur]] * [[Juhu Aerodrome|Mumbai Juhu]] * [[Shri Guru Gobind Singh Ji Airport|Nanded]] * [[Gandhinagar Airport|Nasik]] * [[Osmanabad Airport|Osmanabad]] * [[Ozar Airport|Ozar]] * [[Ratnagiri Airport|Ratnagiri]] * [[Shirdi Airport|Shirdi]] * [[Sindhudurg Airport|Sindhudurg]] * [[Solapur Airport|Solapur]] * [[Yavatmal Airport|Yavatmal]] }} }} | state3 = collapsed | group3 = प्रस्तावित | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1= अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय | list1={{Navbox|child | group1= केन्द्रीय | list1= * [[Noida International Airport|नोएडा]] | group2= पूर्व | list2= * [[Sonari Airport#New Airports|जमशेदपुर]] | group3= उत्तर | list3= * [[Mandi International Airport|मण्डी]] | group4= दक्षिण | list4= * [[Aranmula International Airport|Aranmula]] * [[Bhogapuram Airport|Bhogapuram]] * [[Sabarigiri International Airport|Kottayam]] * [[Thiruvambady International Airport|Thiruvambady]] * [[Tuticorin Airport|Tuticorin]] | group5= पश्चिम | list5= * [[Dholera International Airport|Dholera]] * [[Navi Mumbai International Airport|Navi Mumbai]] * [[Chhatrapati Sambhaji Raje International Airport|Purandar, Pune]] * [[Solapur Airport#Proposed New Airport|Solapur]] }} | group2= घरेलु | list2={{Navbox|child | group1= दक्षिण | list1= * [[Bidar Airport|Bidar]] * [[Bijapur Airport|Bijapur]] * [[Donakonda Airport|Donakonda]] * [[Karaikal Airport|Karaikal]] * [[Karwar Airport|Karwar]] * [[Kothagudem Airport|Kothagudem]] * [[Kuppam Airport|Kuppam]] * [[Nellore Airport|Nellore]] * [[Nizamabad Airport|Nizamabad]] * [[Warangal Airport|Warangal]] | group2= पूर्व | list2= * [[Itanagar Airport|Itanagar]] * [[Dhamra Airport|Dhamra]] | group3= पश्चिम | list3= * [[Ankleshwar Airport|Ankleshwar]] * [[Chandrapur Greenfield Airport|Chandrapur]] * [[Mopa Airport|Mopa]] * [[Rajkot Greenfield Airport|Rajkot]] | group4= उत्तर | list4= * [[Adampur Airport|Adampur]] * [[Chaukhutia Airport|Chaukhutia]] * [[Gauchar Airport|Gauchar]] * [[Kishtwar Airstrip|Kishtwar]] | group5= केन्द्रीय | list5= * [[Aligarh Airport|Aligarh]] * [[Azamgarh Airport|Azamgarh]] * [[Faizabad Airport|Faizabad]] * [[Ghazipur Airport|Ghazipur]] * [[Jhansi Airport|Jhansi]] * [[Moradabad Airport|Moradabad]] * [[Muirpur Airport|Muirpur (Sonbhadra)]] * [[Shravasti Airport|Shravasti]] }} }} | state4 = collapsed | group4 = सैन्य | list4 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Indian Air Force | list1 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = Western Air Command | list1 = * [[Adampur Air Force Base|Adampur AFS]] * [[Ambala Air Force Station|Ambala AFS]] * [[Amritsar Air Force Station|Amritsar AFS]] * [[Awantipur Air Force Station|Awantipur AFS]] * [[Bathinda Airport|Bathinda AFS]] * [[Chandigarh Air Force Station|Chandigarh AFS]] * [[Halwara Air Force Station|Halwara AFS]] * [[Hindan Air Force Station|Hindan AFS]] * [[Leh Air Force Station|Leh AFS]] * [[Palam Air Force Station|Palam AFS]] * [[Pathankot Air Force Station|Pathankot AFS]] * [[Sarsawa Air Force Station|Sarsawa AFS]] * [[Siachen Glacier|Siachen Glacier AFS]] * [[Sirsa Air Force Station|Sirsa AFS]] * [[Srinagar Air Force Station|Srinagar AFS]] * [[Udhampur Air Force Station|Udhampur AFS]] | group2 = पूर्वी वायु कमाण्ड | list2 = * [[Agartala Air Force Station|Agartala AFS]] * [[Baghdogra Air Force Station|Bagdogra AFS]] * [[Shillong Airport|Barapani AFS]] * [[Barrackpore Air Force Station|Barrackpore AFS]] * [[Chabua Air Force Station|Chabua AFS]] * [[Dum Dum Air Force Station|Dum Dum AFS]] * [[Hasimara Air Force Station|Hasimara AFS]] * [[Jorhat Air Force Station|Jorhat AFS]] * [[Kalaikunda Air Force Station|Kalaikunda AFS]] * [[Kumbhigram Air Force Station|Kumbhigram AFS]] * [[Mohanbari Air Force Station|Mohanbari AFS]] * [[Mountain Shadow Air Force Station|Mountain Shadow AFS]] * [[Panagarh Air Force Station|Panagarh AFS]] * [[Tawang Air Force Station|Tawang AFS]] * [[Tezpur Air Force Station|Tezpur AFS]] | group3 = केन्द्रीय वायु कमाण्ड | list3 = * [[Agra Air Force Station|Agra AFS]] * [[Lucknow Air Force Station|Bakshi Ka Talab AFS]] * [[Bamrauli Air Force Station|Bamrauli AFS]] * [[Bareilly Airport|Bareilly AFS]] * [[Bihta Air Force Station|Bihta AFS]] * [[Kanpur Airport|Chakeri AFS]] * [[Darbhanga#Airport|Darbhanga AFS]] * [[Gorakhpur Air Force Station|Gorakhpur AFS]] * [[Maharajpur Air Force Station|Maharajpur AFS]] | group4 = दक्षिणी वायु कमाण्ड | list4 = * [[Sulur Air Force Station|Coimbatore AFS]] * [[Madurai Air Force Station|Madurai AFS]] * [[Tambaram Air Force Station|Tambaram AFS]] * [[Thanjavur Air Force Station|Thanjavur AFS]] | group5 = दक्षिण पश्चिमी वायु कमाण्ड | list5 = * [[Bhuj Rudra Mata Air Force Base|Bhuj AFS]] * [[Jaisalmer Air Force Station|Jaisalmer AFS]] * [[Jamnagar Air Force Station|Jamnagar AFS]] * [[Jodhpur Airport|Jodhpur AFS]] * [[Lohegaon Air Force Station|Lohegaon AFS]] * [[Civil Airport Harni|Makarpura AFS]] * [[Nal-Bikaner Air Force Station|Nal-Bikaner AFS]] * [[Naliya Air Force Station|Naliya AFS]] * [[Phalodi Air Force Station|Phalodi AFS]] * [[Suratgarh Air Force Station|Suratgarh AFS]] * [[Uttarlai Air Force Station|Uttarlai AFS]] | group6 = तालिम कमाण्ड | list6 = * [[Begumpet Air Force Station|Begumpet AFS]] * [[Bidar Air Force Station|Bidar AFS]] * [[Dundigal Air Force Station|Dundigal AFS]] * [[Hakimpet Air Force Station|Hakimpet AFS]] * [[Yelahanka Air Force Station|Yelahanka AFS]] | group7 = मर्मत कमाण्ड | list7 = * [[Nagpur Air Force Station|Nagpur AFS]] * [[Ozar Airport|Ojhar AFS]] }} | group2 = भारतीय नौसेना | list2 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = पूर्वी नौसेना कमाण्ड | list1= * [[INS Rajali|Arakkonam INS Rajali]] * [[INS Parundu|Uchipuli INS Parundu]] * [[INS Dega|Visakapatnam INS Dega]] | group2 = पश्चिमी नौसेना कमाण्ड | list2= * [[INS Hansa|Dabolim INS Hansa]] * [[INS Shikra|Mumbai INS Shikra]] | group3 = दक्षिणी नौसेना कमाण्ड | list3= * [[INS Garuda|Kochi INS Garuda]] }} | group3 = Joint | list3 = {{Navbox|child | group1 = अण्डमान र निकोबार कमाण्ड | list1= * [[INS Baaz|Campbell Bay INS Baaz]] * [[Car Nicobar Air Force Base|Car Nicobar AFS]] * [[INS Kohassa|Diglipur INS Kohassa]] * [[NDA Gliderdrome]] (Training) * [[INS Utkrosh|Port Blair INS Utkrosh]] }} }} | state5 = collapsed | group5 = विमानस्थलहरूको राज्य-वार सूची | list5 = * [[List of airports in Andhra Pradesh|आन्ध्र प्रदेश]] * [[List of airports in Bihar|बिहार]] * [[List of airports in Karnataka|कर्नाटक]] * [[List of airports in Kerala state|केरला]] * [[List of airports in Madhya Pradesh|मध्य प्रदेश]] * [[List of airports in Gujarat|गुजरात]] * [[List of airports in Maharashtra|महाराष्ट्र]] * [[List of airports in Odisha|ओडिशा]] * [[List of airports in Tamil Nadu|तमिलनाडु]] * [[List of airports in Telangana|तेलंगाना]] * [[List of airports in Uttar Pradesh|उत्तर प्रदेश]] * [[List of airports in West Bengal|पश्चिम बंगाल]] }}<noinclude>{{Documentation|content= {{Check completeness of transclusions}} {{Collapsible option}} [[Category:Airport templates|India]] [[Category:India transport templates]] [[Category:Airports in India|τ]] }}</noinclude> jd7wmbxcpma8hao1us0wcsdby9ibvec 10 133639 1358383 1281491 2026-06-08T10:50:33Z Kurcke 77118 Coat of arms of Quebec (without crown).svg The crown was officially removed from the Québec coat of arms on 23 January 2026. Source: https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/drapeau-symboles-nationaux/armoiries 1358383 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#switch:{{{image|}}} <!--AUSTRALIA--> |[[Parliament of Australia]] = Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg |[[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]] |[[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly|ACT Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of Arms of the Australian Capital Territory.svg |[[Parliament of New South Wales]] = Coat of Arms of New South Wales.svg |[[Northern Territory Parliament]] = Northern Territory Legislative Assembly.jpg |[[Queensland Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of Arms of Queensland.svg |[[Parliament of Queensland]] = Coat of Arms of Queensland.svg |[[Parliament of South Australia]] = Adelaide parliament house.JPG |[[Parliament of Tasmania]] = Tasmania Coat of Arms.svg |[[Parliament of Victoria]] = Victoria Parliament House Melbourne.jpg |[[Parliament of Western Australia]] = Western Australian Coat of Arms.svg <!--AUSTRIA--> |[[Parliament of Austria]] = Austria Parlament Front-Ausschnitt.jpg |[[Austrian Parliament]] = Austria Parlament Front-Ausschnitt.jpg |[[Imperial Diet (Austria)]] = Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria (1815).svg |[[Imperial Diet (Austria)|Imperial Diet]] = Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria (1815).svg |[[Imperial Council (Austria)]] = Wien Parlament um 1900.jpg |[[Imperial Council (Austria)|Imperial Council]] = Wien Parlament um 1900.jpg |[[Landtag of Burgenland]] = Burgenland Wappen.svg |[[Landtag of Carinthia]] = Kaernten CoA.svg |[[Landtag of Lower Austria]] = Niederösterreich CoA.svg |[[Landtag of Upper Austria]] = Oberoesterreich Wappen.svg |[[Landtag of Salzburg]] = Salzburg Wappen.svg |[[Landtag of Styria]] = Steiermark Wappen.svg |[[Landtag of Tyrol]] = AUT Tirol COA.svg |[[Landtag of Vorarlberg]] = Vorarlberg CoA.svg |[[Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna]] = Vienna seal 1926.svg <!--BELARUS--> |[[Supreme Soviet of Belarus]] = House of Representatives of Belarus.jpg |[[National Assembly of Belarus]] = House of Representatives of Belarus.jpg <!--BELGIUM--> |[[Belgian Federal Parliament]] = Palais de la Nation (DSC01812).jpg |[[Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region]] = Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region logo.svg |[[Parliament of Brussels]] = Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region logo.svg |[[Brussels Regional Parliament]] = Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region logo.svg |[[Flemish Parliament]] = Flemish Parliament Brussels.jpg |[[Parliament of Wallonia]] = Walloon Parliament main entrance.jpg |[[Walloon Parliament]] = Walloon Parliament main entrance.jpg |[[Parliament of the French Community]] = Hôtel de Ligne 01.JPG |[[Parliament of the German-speaking Community]] = Parlament der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft Oktober 2013.JPG <!--BERMUDA--> |[[Parliament of Bermuda]] = Coat of arms of Bermuda.svg <!--BRAZIL--> |[[National Congress of Brazil]] = Fachada do Congresso Nacional (48079594148).jpg <!--BULGARIA--> |[[National Assembly (Bulgaria)]] = Сградата на Народно събрание.jpg |[[National Assembly of Bulgaria]] = Сградата на Народно събрание.jpg <!--CROATIA--> |[[Croatian Parliament]] = Edifice du Parlement croate.jpg |[[Parliament of Croatia]] = Edifice du Parlement croate.jpg |[[Croatian Sabor]] = Edifice du Parlement croate.jpg |[[Hrvatski Sabor]] = Edifice du Parlement croate.jpg <!--CANADA--> |[[Parliament of Canada]] = Parliament-Ottawa.jpg |[[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]] = 2011 Alberta Legislature Building 03.jpg |[[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia]] = BC Legislature Buildings.jpg |[[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]] = Parliamentwinnipeg manitoba.jpg |[[Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick]] = Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick.jpg |[[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly]] = Colonialbuilding.jpg |[[Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories]] = Coat of arms of Northwest Territories.svg |[[Nova Scotia House of Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Nova Scotia.svg |[[Legislative Assembly of Nunavut]] = Leg Building Iqaluit 2000-08-27.jpg |[[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]] = Coat of Arms of Ontario.svg |[[Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island]] = 282 - Birthplace of Canada Charlottetown PEI.JPG |[[National Assembly of Quebec]] |[[National Assembly of Quebec|L'Assemblée Nationale du Québec]] = Coat of arms of Quebec (without crown).svg |[[Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan]] = Sask Legislative Bldg.jpg |[[Yukon Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Yukon.svg <!--CYPRUS--> |[[House of Representatives (Cyprus)]] = Cyprus House of Representantives Nicosia Republic of Cyprus.jpg |[[House of Representatives of Cyprus]] = Cyprus House of Representantives Nicosia Republic of Cyprus.jpg |[[Parliament of Cyprus]] = Cyprus House of Representantives Nicosia Republic of Cyprus.jpg |[[Legislative Council of Cyprus]] = Badge of Cyprus (1905–1960).svg <!--CZECHOSLOVAKIA--> |[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)]] = Praha Rudolfinum front.jpg |[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly]] = Praha Rudolfinum front.jpg |[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of Czechoslovakia]] = Praha Rudolfinum front.jpg |[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic]] = Praha Rudolfinum front.jpg |[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)]] = Budova Pražské burzy s před 48.jpg |[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly]] = Budova Pražské burzy s před 48.jpg |[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of Czechoslovakia]] = Budova Pražské burzy s před 48.jpg |[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic]] = Budova Pražské burzy s před 48.jpg |[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]] = Budova Pražské burzy s před 48.jpg |[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)]] = Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg |[[Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia]] = Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg |[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly]] = Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg |[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia]] = Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg |[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]] = Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg |[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic]] = Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg |[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic]] = Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg |[[Czech National Council]] = Zasedací sál Poslanecké sněmovny.jpg |[[Slovak National Council]] = Trinitárov Bratislava October 2006 002.jpg <!--CZECH REPUBLIC--> |[[Parliament of the Czech Republic]] = Zasedací sál Poslanecké sněmovny.jpg |[[Senate of the Czech Republic]] = Senat 2833.jpg |[[Senate (Czech Republic)]] = Senat 2833.jpg |[[Senate (Czech Republic)|Senate of the Czech Republic]] = Senat 2833.jpg <!--DENMARK--> |[[Folketing]] = Folketingssalen 2018a.jpg |[[Rigsdagen]] = Chrisianborg Palace, (Parliament House) Copenhagen LCCN2014712432.jpg <!--ESTONIA--> |[[Riigikogu]] = Estonian parliament building, 2005.jpg |[[Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR]] = Emblem of the Estonian SSR.svg |[[Estonian Constituent Assembly]] = EstConstAssmb.jpg <!--FINLAND--> |[[Parliament of Finland]] = Helsinki July 2013-21.jpg <!--FRANCE--> |[[French Parliament]] = Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg |[[Parliament of France]] = Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg |[[Parliament of France|Parliament]] of the [[French Fifth Republic]] = Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg |[[Congress of the French Parliament]] = Garden facade of the Palace of Versailles, April 2011 (11).jpg |[[President of France]] = Armoiries république française.svg |[[President of the French Republic]] = Armoiries république française.svg |[[Estates General (France)]] = Estatesgeneral.jpg |[[Estates-General of France]] = Estatesgeneral.jpg |[[Estates General of 1789]] = Estatesgeneral.jpg |[[National Assembly (French Revolution)]] = Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg |[[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly of 1789]] = Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg |[[National Constituent Assembly (France)]] = Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg |[[French National Constituent Assembly]] = Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg |[[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] = Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg |[[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly of 1789]] = Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg |[[Legislative Assembly (France)]] = Legislative Assembly Medal.png |[[Legislative Assembly of France]] = Legislative Assembly Medal.png |[[French Legislative Assembly]] = Legislative Assembly Medal.png |[[National Convention]] = Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg |[[French National Convention]] = Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg |[[National Convention of France]] = Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg |Legislature of the [[French Directory]] = Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[French Directory]] = Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg |Legislature of the [[French Consulate]] = Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[French Consulate]] = Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg |Legislature of the [[First French Empire]] = Arms of the French Empire.svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[First French Empire]] = Arms of the French Empire.svg |Legislature of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France]] = Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France]] = Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg |Legislature of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] = Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]] = Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg |Legislature of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]] = Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]] = Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg |Legislature of the [[July Monarchy]] = Arms of of the July Monarchy (1831-48).svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[July Monarchy]] = Arms of of the July Monarchy (1831-48).svg |Legislature of the [[July Monarchy|Kingdom of France]] = Arms of of the July Monarchy (1831-48).svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[July Monarchy|Kingdom of France]] = Arms of of the July Monarchy (1831-48).svg |[[National Assembly (French Second Republic)]] = Great Seal of France.svg |[[National Assembly (French Second Republic)|National Assembly]] of the [[French Second Republic]] = Great Seal of France.svg |Legislature of the [[Second French Empire]] = Arms of the French Empire.svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[Second French Empire]] = Arms of the French Empire.svg |[[National Assembly (French Third Republic)]] = Garden facade of the Palace of Versailles, April 2011 (11).jpg |[[National Assembly (French Third Republic)|National Assembly]] of the [[French Third Republic]] = Garden facade of the Palace of Versailles, April 2011 (11).jpg |Legislature of the [[French Third Republic]] = Middle coat of arms of the French Republic (1905–1953).svg |Legislative Chambers of the [[French Third Republic]] = Middle coat of arms of the French Republic (1905–1953).svg |[[Government of Vichy France]] = Le cartouche de l'État Français.svg |[[Government of Vichy France|Government of the French State]] = Le cartouche de l'État Français.svg |[[Provisional Government of the French Republic]] = Emblem of the Provisional Government of the French Republic.svg |[[1945 French legislative election|Constituent Assembly of 1945]] = Views of Paris - The Palais Bourbon - DPLA - 44443b33758aef7dbb74b834a9fabde7.jpg |[[1945 French legislative election|National Constituent Assembly of 1945]] = Views of Paris - The Palais Bourbon - DPLA - 44443b33758aef7dbb74b834a9fabde7.jpg |[[June 1946 French legislative election|Constituent Assembly of 1946]] = Views of Paris - The Palais Bourbon - DPLA - 44443b33758aef7dbb74b834a9fabde7.jpg |[[June 1946 French legislative election|National Constituent Assembly of 1946]] = Views of Paris - The Palais Bourbon - DPLA - 44443b33758aef7dbb74b834a9fabde7.jpg |[[Parliament of France|Parliament]] of the [[French Fourth Republic]] = Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg <!--GERMANY--> |[[Bundestag]] = Reichstag building Berlin view from west before sunset.jpg |[[German Bundestag]] = Reichstag building Berlin view from west before sunset.jpg |[[Bundestag of Germany]] = Reichstag building Berlin view from west before sunset.jpg |[[Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire]] = Coat of Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (c.1433-c.1450).svg |Diet of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]] = Commemorative Medal of the Rhine Confederation.svg |[[Federal Convention of the German Confederation]] = Wappen Deutscher Bund.svg |[[Frankfurt Parliament]] = Imperial Coat of arms of Germany (1848).svg |[[Frankfurt National Assembly]] = Imperial Coat of arms of Germany (1848).svg |[[Reichstag of the North German Confederation]] = Coat of arms of the North German Confederation.svg |[[President of the North German Confederation]] = Coat of arms of the North German Confederation.svg |[[Reichstag (German Empire)]] = Reichstag-1870 crop.jpg |[[Reichstag (German Empire)|Reichstag]] = Reichstag-1870 crop.jpg |[[Reichstag (German Empire)|German Reichstag]] = Reichstag-1870 crop.jpg |[[Reichstag of the German Empire]] = Reichstag-1870 crop.jpg |[[German Emperor]] = Wappen Deutsches Reich - Reichsadler 1889.svg |[[Weimar National Assembly]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-15436-0010, Weimar, Nationaltheater, Denkmal Goethe-Schiller.jpg |[[Weimar National Assembly|German National Constitutional Assembly]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 183-15436-0010, Weimar, Nationaltheater, Denkmal Goethe-Schiller.jpg |[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03034, Berlin, Verfassungsfeier vor dem Reichstag.jpg |[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|Reichstag]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03034, Berlin, Verfassungsfeier vor dem Reichstag.jpg |[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|German Reichstag]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03034, Berlin, Verfassungsfeier vor dem Reichstag.jpg |[[Reichstag of the Weimar Republic]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03034, Berlin, Verfassungsfeier vor dem Reichstag.jpg |[[President of the German Reich]] = Wappen Deutsches Reich (Weimarer Republik).svg |[[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-09067, Berlin, Kroll-Oper.jpg |[[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|Reichstag]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-09067, Berlin, Kroll-Oper.jpg |[[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|German Reichstag]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-09067, Berlin, Kroll-Oper.jpg |[[Greater German Reichstag]] = Bundesarchiv Bild 102-09067, Berlin, Kroll-Oper.jpg |[[Führer and Reich Chancellor of the German People]] = Standarte Adolf Hitlers.svg |[[Allied Control Council]] = Berlin kammergericht.jpg |[[Parlamentishcer Rat]] = File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F010479-0006, Bonn, Bundeshaus mit Fahnen.jpg |[[Bundestag#History|Bundestag]] = Bonn Bundestag.jpg |[[Bundestag#History|German Bundestag]] = Bonn Bundestag.jpg |[[Bundestag#History|West German Bundestag]] = Bonn Bundestag.jpg |[[Bundestag#History|Bundestag of West Germany]] = Bonn Bundestag.jpg |[[Volkskammer]] = Berlin, Palast der Republik -- um 1990 -- 2.jpg |[[Volkskammer of East Germany]] = Berlin, Palast der Republik -- um 1990 -- 2.jpg |[[Volkskammer of the German Democratic Republic]] = Berlin, Palast der Republik -- um 1990 -- 2.jpg |[[State Council of East Germany]] = 19860503460NR Berlin-Mitte Staatsratsgebäude.jpg |[[State Council of the German Democratic Republic]] = 19860503460NR Berlin-Mitte Staatsratsgebäude.jpg <!--GIBRALTAR--> |[[Parliament of Gibraltar]] = Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg |[[Gibraltar Legislative Council]] = Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg <!--GREECE--> |[[Vouli]] = Ancien Palais Royal - Athènes (GRA1) - 2022-03-26 - 1.jpg |[[Parliament of Greece]] = Ancien Palais Royal - Athènes (GRA1) - 2022-03-26 - 1.jpg |[[Greek Parliament]] = Ancien Palais Royal - Athènes (GRA1) - 2022-03-26 - 1.jpg |[[Hellenic Parliament]] = Ancien Palais Royal - Athènes (GRA1) - 2022-03-26 - 1.jpg <!--HUNGARY--> |[[Parliament of Hungary]] = Parliament of Hungary November 2017.jpg |[[National Assembly of Hungary]] = Parliament of Hungary November 2017.jpg |[[National Assembly (Hungary)]] = Parliament of Hungary November 2017.jpg <!--INDIA--> |[[Parliament of India]] = Emblem of India.svg <!--IRELAND--> |[[Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)]] = Dáil Éireann meeting in the Mansion House, August, 1921 (17068860698).jpg |[[Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)|Dáil Éireann]] = Dáil Éireann meeting in the Mansion House, August, 1921 (17068860698).jpg |[[Dáil Éireann (Irish Republic)|Revolutionary Dáil Éireann]] = Dáil Éireann meeting in the Mansion House, August, 1921 (17068860698).jpg |[[Oireachtas (Irish Free State)]] = Seal of the Irish Free State.png |[[Oireachtas]] = Coat of arms of Ireland.svg <!--ISRAEL--> |[[Knesset]] = Israel Museum, Jerusalem P1110159 (5888320710).jpg <!--ITALY--> |[[Parliament of Italy]] = Emblem of Italy.svg |[[Italian Parliament]] = Emblem of Italy.svg |[[Senate of the Republic (Italy)]] = Palazzo Madama - Roma.jpg |[[Chamber of Deputies (Italy)]] = Montecitorio - panoramio.jpg |[[Parliament of the Kingdom of Italy]] = Lesser coat of arms of the Kingdom of Italy (1890).svg <!--JAPAN--> |[[National Diet]] = Go-shichi no kiri crest 2.svg <!--KOREA--> |[[National Assembly of South Korea]] = National Assembly Building of the Republic of Korea.png |[[National Assembly (South Korea)]] = National Assembly Building of the Republic of Korea.png |[[National Assembly (South Korea)|National Assembly]] = National Assembly Building of the Republic of Korea.png <!--KOREA VARIANTS--> |[[National Assembly (South Korea)#First Republic|National Assembly of South Korea]] = Seoul Metropolitan Council1.JPG |[[National Assembly (South Korea)#First Republic|National Assembly (South Korea)]] = Seoul Metropolitan Council1.JPG |[[National Assembly (South Korea)#First Republic|National Assembly]] = Seoul Metropolitan Council1.JPG |[[National Assembly (South Korea)#Second Republic|National Assembly of South Korea]] = Seoul Metropolitan Council1.JPG |[[National Assembly (South Korea)#Second Republic|National Assembly (South Korea)]] = Seoul Metropolitan Council1.JPG |[[National Assembly (South Korea)#Second Republic|National Assembly]] = Seoul Metropolitan Council1.JPG <!--LITHUANIA--> |[[Seimas#Interwar period|Seimas]] = 1921Kauno teatras.jpg |[[Seimas]] = Baltijas Asamblejas 31.sesija Viļņā (8169464170).jpg <!--MALAYSIA--> |[[Parliament of Malaysia]] = Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg |[[Johor State Legislative Assembly]] = Sultan Ismail Building.JPG |[[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Kedah.svg |[[Kelantan State Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Kelantan.svg |[[Malacca State Legislative Assembly]] = Seri Negeri Blok Laksamana.JPG |[[Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Negeri Sembilan.svg |[[Pahang State Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Pahang.svg |[[Penang State Legislative Assembly]] = Dewan Undangan Negeri Penang Dec 2006 003.jpg |[[Perak State Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Perak.svg |[[Perlis State Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Perlis.svg |[[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]] = KotaKinabalu Sabah DewanUndanganNegeriSabah-01.jpg |[[Sarawak State Legislative Assembly]] = Sarawak state assembly building.jpg |[[Selangor State Legislative Assembly]] = Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah building.jpg |[[Terengganu State Legislative Assembly]] = Coat of arms of Terengganu.svg <!--NETHERLANDS--> |[[States-General of the Netherlands]] = Coat of arms of the Staten Generaal.svg |[[States General of the Netherlands]] = Coat of arms of the Staten Generaal.svg <!--NEW ZEALAND--> |[[New Zealand Parliament]] |[[Parliament of New Zealand]] = Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg <!--PHILIPPINES--> |[[National Assembly of the Philippines]] = Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of the Philippines.svg |[[Philippine Legislature]] = Coat of Arms Philippine Islands (1905–1936).svg |[[Commonwealth Congress]] = Coat of arms of the Philippines (1935–1940, 1941–1946).svg |[[Batasang Pambansa]] = |[[Congress of the Philippines]] = Coat of arms of the Philippines.svg |[[President of the Philippines]] = Seal of the President of the Philippines.svg <!--POLAND--> |[[Parliament of Poland]] = Zgromadzenie Narodowe 4 czerwca 2014 Kancelaria Senatu 03.JPG <!--SINGAPORE--> |[[Parliament of Singapore]] = {{#ifexpr:{{gsd|day={{#time:j|{{{date|}}}}}|month={{#time:n|{{{date|}}}}}|year={{#time:Y|{{{date|}}}}} }}<730003|Old Parliament House 4, Singapore, Jan 06.JPG|Parliament House Singapore.jpg}} <!--SLOVAKIA--> |[[National Council (Slovakia)]] = National Council of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia.jpg |[[National Council (Slovakia)|National Council of Slovakia]] = National Council of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia.jpg |[[National Council (Slovakia)|National Council of the Slovak Republic]] = National Council of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia.jpg <!--SOUTH AFRICA--> |[[Parliament of South Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg |[[South African Parliament]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament&nbsp;of&nbsp;South&nbsp;Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg |[[Volksraad]] = Coat of Arms of the South African Republic.png |[[Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature]] = <!-- None --> |[[KwaZulu-Natal Legislature]] = KwaZulu-Natal Parliament building, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.jpg |[[Western Cape Provincial Legislature]] |[[Western Cape Provincial Parliament]] = Western Cape provincial building.jpg <!--SOUTH AFRICA VARIANTS--> |[[Volksraad|Transvaal Volksraad]] = Coat of Arms of the South African Republic.png |[[Parliament of South Africa#1910|Parliament of South Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–1930).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1930|Parliament of South Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1930–1932).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1932|Parliament of South Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1961|Parliament of South Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1984|Parliament of South Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1910|Parliament&nbsp;of&nbsp;South&nbsp;Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–1930).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1930|Parliament&nbsp;of&nbsp;South&nbsp;Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1930–1932).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1932|Parliament&nbsp;of&nbsp;South&nbsp;Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1961|Parliament&nbsp;of&nbsp;South&nbsp;Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[Parliament of South Africa#1984|Parliament&nbsp;of&nbsp;South&nbsp;Africa]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[South African Parliament#1910|South African Parliament]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–1930).svg |[[South African Parliament#1930|South African Parliament]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1930–1932).svg |[[South African Parliament#1932|South African Parliament]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[South African Parliament#1961|South African Parliament]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg |[[South African Parliament#1984|South African Parliament]] = Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg <!--STRAITS SETTLEMENTS--> |[[List of British Governors of the Straits Settlements|Governor of the Straits Settlements]] with the advice and consent of the [[Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements|Legislative Council]] = Coat of arms of the Straits Settlements.svg <!--SWITZERLAND--> |[[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)]] = Bundeshaus Bern 2009, Flooffy.jpg |[[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)|Federal Assembly]] = Bundeshaus Bern 2009, Flooffy.jpg |[[Federal Assembly of Switzerland]] = Bundeshaus Bern 2009, Flooffy.jpg <!--TURKEY--> |[[Grand National Assembly of Turkey]] = Seal of the Turkish Parliament (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi).svg <!--UKRAINE--> |[[Verkhovna Rada]] = Будівля по вулиці Грушевського, 5.jpg |[[Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]] = Будівля по вулиці Грушевського, 5.jpg |[[Verkhovna Rada|Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]] = Будівля по вулиці Грушевського, 5.jpg |[[Verkhovna Rada of Crimea]] = Верховный Совет Крыма.jpg <!--UNITED KINGDOM--> |[[Parliament of the United Kingdom]] = Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg |[[Northern Ireland Assembly]] = Coat of Arms of Northern Ireland.svg |[[Parliament of Northern Ireland]] = Coat of Arms of Northern Ireland.svg |[[Scottish Parliament]] = Coat of arms of the United Kingdom in Scotland.svg |[[National Assembly for Wales]] = Royal Badge of Wales (2008).svg <!--USA--> |[[Government of the United States of America|Government of the United States of America]] = Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg |[[United States Congress]] |[[Congress of the United States]] |[[Congress of the United States|US Congress]] |[[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]] = US Congressional Seal.svg |[[Alabama Legislature]] = Seal of Alabama.svg |[[Alaska Legislature]] = Seal of the State of Alaska.svg |[[Arizona Legislature]] = Arizonastateseal.jpg |[[Arkansas General Assembly]] = Seal of Arkansas.svg |[[California State Legislature]] = Seal of California.svg |[[Colorado General Assembly]] = Seal of Colorado.svg |[[Connecticut General Assembly]] = Connecticut State Capitol, Hartford.jpg |[[Michigan Legislature]] = Seal of Michigan.svg |[[Utah State Legislature]] = Seal of Utah.svg <!--DEFAULT--> |#default = <!-- None --> }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> d6ohv152wndweh02blbqyuicb6c5pke 10 133640 1358384 1281493 2026-06-08T10:51:06Z Kurcke 77118 Coat of arms of Quebec (without crown).svg The crown was officially removed from the Québec coat of arms on 23 January 2026. Source: https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/drapeau-symboles-nationaux/armoiries 1358384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- PLEASE ADD CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE --> ==Usage== {{notice|If you change the name of an image at {{tl|Infobox legislation/images/doc}} you must also change it at {{tl|Infobox legislation/images}}, otherwise the template will continue to use the old image.}} This template is not intended to be used alone, but only in conjunction with {{tl|Infobox legislation}}. Depending on the legislature specified as the value for the {{para|legislature}}, {{para|considered_by}} or {{para|enacted_by}} parameter, it causes {{tl|Infobox legislation}} to display either the [[coat of arms]] or [[seal (device)|seal]] of the office or institution enacting the legislation (but not a corporate-style logo used by the that office or institution), or, if this is unavailable, a photograph of a building which is the [[seat (legal entity)|seat]] of that office or institution. Only images that have been released to Wikipedia under a [[free content|free licence]] should be used here. Such images should preferably be uploaded to the [[:commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]]. ''Do not'' use images under a (supposed) "[[Wikipedia:Non-free content|fair use]]" licence here, as the use of such images in infoboxes probably does not constitute fair use. Do help by adding the names of other legislative persons or bodies, and by obtaining free images of coats of arms, seals or photographs of buildings that are the seats of legislatures. If you need help inserting them into the template, leave a message on the [[Template talk:Infobox legislation|template talk page]]. The scheme is as follows: {|class=wikitable style="margin: 1em auto;" |- ! Legislature ! Image |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Australia''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Australia]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly|ACT Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Australian Capital Territory.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of New South Wales]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of Arms of New South Wales.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Northern Territory Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Northern Territory Legislative Assembly.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Queensland Legislative Assembly]] or [[Parliament of Queensland]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of Arms of Queensland.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Australia]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Adelaide parliament house.JPG|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Tasmania]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Tasmania Coat of Arms.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Victoria]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Victoria Parliament House Melbourne.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Western Australia]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Western Australian Coat of Arms.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Austria''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Austrian Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Austria]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Austria Parlament Front-Ausschnitt.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Imperial Diet (Austria)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Imperial Diet (Austria)|Imperial Diet]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Imperial Coat of Arms of the Empire of Austria (1815).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Imperial Council (Austria)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Imperial Council (Austria)|Imperial Council]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Wien Parlament um 1900.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Burgenland]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Burgenland Wappen.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Carinthia]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Kaernten CoA.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Lower Austria]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Niederösterreich CoA.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Upper Austria]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Oberoesterreich Wappen.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Salzburg]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Salzburg Wappen.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Styria]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Steiermark Wappen.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Tyrol]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:AUT Tirol COA.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Landtag of Vorarlberg]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Vorarlberg CoA.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Municipal Council and Landtag of Vienna]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Vienna seal 1926.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Belgium''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Belgian Federal Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Palais de la Nation (DSC01812).jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Brussels]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Brussels Regional Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region logo.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Flemish Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Flemish Parliament Brussels.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Wallonia]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Walloon Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Walloon Parliament main entrance.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of the French Community]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Hôtel de Ligne 01.JPG|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of the German-speaking Community]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Parlament der Deutschsprachigen Gemeinschaft Oktober 2013.JPG|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Bermuda''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Bermuda]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Bermuda.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Bulgaria''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Bulgaria)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly of Bulgaria]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Сградата на Народно събрание.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Brazil''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Congress of Brazil]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Fachada do Congresso Nacional (48079594148).jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Canada''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Canada]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Parliament-Ottawa.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:2011 Alberta Legislature Building 03.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of British Columbia]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:BC Legislature Buildings.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of Manitoba]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Parliamentwinnipeg manitoba.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Newfoundland and Labrador House of Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Colonialbuilding.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Northwest_Territories.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Nova Scotia House of Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Nova Scotia.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of Nunavut]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Leg Building Iqaluit 2000-08-27.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of Ontario]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Ontario.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:282 - Birthplace of Canada Charlottetown PEI.JPG|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly of Quebec]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly of Quebec|L'Assemblée Nationale du Québec]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Quebec (without crown).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Sask Legislative Bldg.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Yukon Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Yukon.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Croatia''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Croatian Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Croatia]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Croatian Sabor]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Hrvatski Sabor]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Edifice du Parlement croate.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Cyprus''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[House of Representatives (Cyprus)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[House of Representatives of Cyprus]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Cyprus House of Representantives Nicosia Republic of Cyprus.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Council of Cyprus]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Badge of Cyprus (1905–1960).svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Czechoslovakia''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of Czechoslovakia]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Praha Rudolfinum front.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of Czechoslovakia]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Republic]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (Communist Czechoslovakia)|National Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Budova Pražské burzy s před 48.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of Czechoslovakia]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of the Czechoslovak Federative Republic]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly (Czechoslovakia)|Federal Assembly of the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Federální shromáždění, 2010.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Czech National Council]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Zasedací sál Poslanecké sněmovny.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Slovak National Council]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Trinitárov Bratislava October 2006 002.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Czech Republic''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of the Czech Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Zasedací sál Poslanecké sněmovny.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Senate of the Czech Republic]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Senate (Czech Republic)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Senate (Czech Republic)|Senate of the Czech Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Senat 2833.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Denmark''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Folketing]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Folketingssalen 2018a.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Rigsdagen]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Chrisianborg Palace, (Parliament House) Copenhagen LCCN2014712432.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Estonia''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Riigikogu]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Estonian parliament building, 2005.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Supreme Soviet of the Estonian SSR]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Emblem of the Estonian SSR.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Estonian Constituent Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:EstConstAssmb.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Finland''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Finland]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Helsinki July 2013-21.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''France''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[French Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of France|Parliament]] of the [[French Fifth Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Congress of the French Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Garden facade of the Palace of Versailles, April 2011 (11).jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[President of France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[President of the French Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Armoiries république française.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Estates General (France)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Estates-General of France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Estates General of 1789]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Estatesgeneral.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (French Revolution)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (French Revolution)|National Assembly of 1789]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Constituent Assembly (France)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[French National Constituent Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly of 1789]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Emblem of the French national assembly (1789-1792).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly (France)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Legislative Assembly of France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[French Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Legislative Assembly Medal.png|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Convention]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[French National Convention]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Convention of France]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[French Directory]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[French Directory]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[French Consulate]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[French Consulate]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the French First Republic.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[First French Empire]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[First French Empire]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Arms of the French Empire.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Bourbon Restoration]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[Bourbon Restoration in France|Kingdom of France]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Arms of the Kingdom of France (Moderne).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[July Monarchy]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[July Monarchy]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[July Monarchy|Kingdom of France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[July Monarchy|Kingdom of France]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Arms of of the July Monarchy (1831-48).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (French Second Republic)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (French Second Republic)|National Assembly]] of the [[French Second Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Great Seal of France.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[Second French Empire]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[Second French Empire]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Arms of the French Empire.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (French Third Republic)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly (French Third Republic)|National Assembly]] of the [[French Third Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Garden facade of the Palace of Versailles, April 2011 (11).jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Legislature of the [[French Third Republic]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>Legislative Chambers of the [[French Third Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Middle coat of arms of the French Republic (1905–1953).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Government of Vichy France]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Government of Vichy France|Government of the French State]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Le cartouche de l'État Français.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Provisional Government of the French Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Emblem of the Provisional Government of the French Republic.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[1945 French legislative election|Constituent Assembly of 1945]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[1945 French legislative election|National Constituent Assembly of 1945]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Views of Paris - The Palais Bourbon - DPLA - 44443b33758aef7dbb74b834a9fabde7.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[June 1946 French legislative election|Constituent Assembly of 1946]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[June 1946 French legislative election|National Constituent Assembly of 1946]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Views of Paris - The Palais Bourbon - DPLA - 44443b33758aef7dbb74b834a9fabde7.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of France|Parliament]] of the [[French Fourth Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the French Republic.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Germany''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Bundestag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[German Bundestag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Bundestag of Germany]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Reichstag building Berlin view from west before sunset.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Holy Roman Emperor (c.1433-c.1450).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>Diet of the [[Confederation of the Rhine]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Commemorative Medal of the Rhine Confederation.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Federal Convention of the German Confederation]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Wappen Deutscher Bund.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Frankfurt Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Frankfurt National Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Imperial Coat of arms of Germany (1848).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag of the North German Confederation]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag of the North German Confederation|North German Reichstag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[President of the North German Confederation]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the North German Confederation.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag (German Empire)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag (German Empire)|German Reichstag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag of the German Empire]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Reichstag-1870 crop.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[German Emperor]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Wappen Deutsches Reich - Reichsadler 1889.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Weimar National Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Weimar National Assembly|German National Constitutional Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-15436-0010, Weimar, Nationaltheater, Denkmal Goethe-Schiller.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag (Weimar Republic)|German Reichstag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag of the Weimar Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-03034, Berlin, Verfassungsfeier vor dem Reichstag.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[President of the German Reich]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Wappen Deutsches Reich (Weimarer Republik).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Reichstag (Nazi Germany)|German Reichstag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Greater German Reichstag]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-09067, Berlin, Kroll-Oper.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Führer and Reich Chancellor of the German People]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Standarte Adolf Hitlers.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Allied Control Council]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Berlin kammergericht.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parlamentishcer Rat]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F010479-0006, Bonn, Bundeshaus mit Fahnen.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Bundestag#History|Bundestag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Bundestag#History|German Bundestag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Bundestag#History|West German Bundestag]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Bundestag#History|Bundestag of West Germany]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Bonn Bundestag.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Volkskammer]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Volkskammer of East Germany]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Volkskammer of the German Democratic Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Berlin, Palast der Republik -- um 1990 -- 2.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[State Council of East Germany]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[State Council of the German Democratic Republic]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:19860503460NR Berlin-Mitte Staatsratsgebäude.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Gibraltar''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Gibraltar Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /><code><nowiki>[[Gibraltar Legislative Council]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Greece''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Vouli]]</nowiki></code><br /><code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Greece]]</nowiki></code><br /><code><nowiki>[[Greek Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /><code><nowiki>[[Hellenic Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Ancien Palais Royal - Athènes (GRA1) - 2022-03-26 - 1.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''India''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of India]]</nowiki></code><br /> | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Ireland''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Oireachtas]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Israel''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Knesset]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Israel Museum, Jerusalem P1110159 (5888320710).jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Japan''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Diet]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Go-shichi no kiri crest 2.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Malaysia''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Malaysia]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Johor State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Johor State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Sultan Ismail Building.JPG|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Kedah State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Kedah.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Kelantan State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Kelantan State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Kelantan.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Malacca State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Malacca State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seri Negeri Blok Laksamana.JPG|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Negeri Sembilan State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Negeri Sembilan.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Pahang State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Pahang State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Pahang.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Penang State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Penang State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Dewan Undangan Negeri Penang Dec 2006 003.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Perak State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Perak State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Perak.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Perlis State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Perlis State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Perlis.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Sabah State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:KotaKinabalu Sabah DewanUndanganNegeriSabah-01.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Sarawak State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Sarawak State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Sarawak state assembly building.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Selangor State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Selangor State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah building.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Terengganu State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Terengganu State Legislative Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of Terengganu.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''New Zealand''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[New Zealand Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of New Zealand]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Philippines''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Philippine Legislature]]</nowiki></code><br/> <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly of the Philippines]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Legislative Building, Manila.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Commonwealth Congress]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Philippines (1935–1940, 1941–1946).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Batasang Pambansa]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Batasan front qc.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Congress of the Philippines]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Philippines.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[President of the Philippines]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of the President of the Philippines.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Poland''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Poland]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Zgromadzenie Narodowe 4 czerwca 2014 Kancelaria Senatu 03.JPG|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Singapore''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Singapore]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Parliament House Singapore.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Slovakia''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Slovak National Council]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Trinitárov Bratislava October 2006 002.jpg|150px]] |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[National Council (Slovakia)]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[National Council (Slovakia)|National Council of Slovakia]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[National Council (Slovakia)|National Council of the Slovak Republic]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | [[File:National Council of the Slovak Republic, Bratislava, Slovakia.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''South Africa''' |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa|Parliament&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;South&amp;nbsp;Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[South African Parliament]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|150px]] |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[Volksraad]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Volksraad|Transvaal Volksraad]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | [[File:Coat of arms of the South African Republic.svg|150px]] |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa#1910|Parliament of South Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa#1910|Parliament&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;South&amp;nbsp;Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[South African Parliament#1910|South African Parliament]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (1910–1930).svg|150px]] |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa#1930|Parliament of South Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa#1930|Parliament&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;South&amp;nbsp;Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[South African Parliament#1930|South African Parliament]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (1930–1932).svg|150px]] |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa#1932|Parliament of South Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Parliament of South Africa#1932|Parliament&amp;nbsp;of&amp;nbsp;South&amp;nbsp;Africa]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[South African Parliament#1932|South African Parliament]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (1932–2000).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | ''None'' |- | <code><nowiki>[[KwaZulu-Natal Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:KwaZulu-Natal Parliament building, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Western Cape Provincial Parliament]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Western Cape Provincial Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Western Cape provincial building.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Straits Settlements''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[List of British Governors of the Straits Settlements|Governor of the Straits Settlements]] with the advice and consent of the [[Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements|Legislative Council]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Straits Settlements.svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Switzerland''' |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly (Switzerland)]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Federal Assembly of Switzerland]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | [[File:Bundeshaus Bern 2009, Flooffy.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Turkey''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Turkish Grand National Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of the Turkish Parliament (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi).svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''Ukraine''' |- | {{startplainlist}} * <kbd><nowiki>[[Verkhovna Rada]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]]</nowiki></kbd> * <kbd><nowiki>[[Verkhovna Rada|Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine]]</nowiki></kbd> {{endplainlist}} | |- | <code><nowiki>[[Verkhovna Rada of Crimea]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Верховный Совет Крыма.jpg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''United Kingdom''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of the United Kingdom]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (HM Government).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Northern Ireland Assembly]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Parliament of Northern Ireland]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of Arms of Northern Ireland.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Scottish Parliament]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom in Scotland.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[National Assembly for Wales]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Royal Badge of Wales (2008).svg|150px]] |- | colspan=2 style="text-align:center;background-color:silver;"|'''United States of America''' |- | <code><nowiki>[[Government of the United States of America|]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[United States Congress]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Congress of the United States]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Congress of the United States|US Congress]]</nowiki></code><br /> <code><nowiki>[[Congress of the United States|U.S. Congress]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:US Congressional Seal.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Alabama Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of Alabama.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Alaska Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of the State of Alaska.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Arizona Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Arizona-StateSeal.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Arkansas General Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of Arkansas.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[California State Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of California.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Colorado General Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of Colorado.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Connecticut General Assembly]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Connecticut State Capitol, Hartford.jpg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Michigan Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of Michigan.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Texas Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of Texas.svg|150px]] |- | <code><nowiki>[[Utah State Legislature]]</nowiki></code> | [[File:Seal of Utah.svg|150px]] |} The image size defaults to 180 [[pixel]]s (px). To change the size of the image, specify a different size for the image using the "imagesize" parameter (indicate only the number, and do not add "px" to the end). Provide a caption for the image using the {{para|caption}} parameter. If a file is specified for the {{para|image}} parameter, this overrides the automatic selection in the above table. <includeonly> <!-- CATEGORIES AND INTERWIKIS BELOW THIS LINE PLEASE --> </includeonly> khrwcmsg047t0pjvgao1xuq9joz0g3k 0 134682 1358344 1303407 2026-06-08T05:22:29Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358344 wikitext text/x-wiki सरकार (राष्ट्रिय वा क्षेत्रीय)द्वारा निजी स्वामित्वमा रहेको वस्तुलाई सार्वजनिक वस्तुमा रूपान्तरण गर्नुलाई '''राष्ट्रियकरण''' भनिन्छ। उदाहरणको लागि, एक निजी बैंकको राष्ट्रीयकरण र सार्वजनिक गर्न सकिन्छ, र सन् १९६८ मा भारतमा यो भएको थियो। <ref >{{Cite web |title=Definition of NATIONALIZATION |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nationalization |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161229205433/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nationalization |archive-date=29 दिसंबर 2016 |access-date=14 जनवरी 2019 |website=www.merriam-webster.com}}</ref> राष्ट्रियकरण अन्तर्गत सरकारको कुनै पनि तल्लो तहको सम्पत्ति माथिल्लो तहमा लगिन्छ, जस्तै नगरपालिकाको कुनै पनि सम्पत्तिलाई राज्यको सम्पत्ति घोषणा गर्ने आदी पर्दछ। राष्ट्रियकरणको विपरीत प्रक्रियाको [[निजीकरण]] हो। ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, राज्यहरूले विभिन्न राजनीतिक प्रणालीहरू र आर्थिक प्रणालीहरूको एक विस्तृत विविधता अन्तर्गत विभिन्न उद्देश्यहरूको लागि राष्ट्रियकरण गरेका छन्।<ref> {{cite web |https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hast/page/677 677] | isbn= 978-0198600244 |access-date= 8 December 2019 </ref> =मार्क्सवादी सिद्धान्त = [[मार्क्सवाद|मार्क्सवादी सिद्धान्त]]मा "एक्स्प्रोप्रिएसन अफ एक्सप्रोप्रिएटर expropriation of expropriators ([[शासक वर्ग]])" र "लुटेराहरूलाइ लुट" ("грабь награбленное")शब्दावली उल्लेख गरिएको छ, जुन रुसी [[अक्टोबर क्रान्ति]]को समयमा निकै लोकप्रिय भएको थियो।<ref>[[Orlando Figes]], ''A People's Tragedy: Russian Revolution'', 1996, {{ISBN|0-7126-7327-X}}.</ref> यो शब्द [[कम्युनिस्ट राज्य|कम्युनिष्ट राज्य]]हरूद्वारा राष्ट्रियकरण अभियानहरू वर्णन गर्न पनि प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जस्तै [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]मा डेकुलाकाइजेशन र सामूहिककरण।.<ref name="Pipes">[[Richard Pipes]] ''Property and Freedom'', Vintage Books, A division of Random House, Inc., New York, 1999, {{ISBN|0-375-70447-7}}, page 214.</ref> =राष्ट्रियकरण किन गरिन्छ?‍= राष्ट्रियकरणका विविध दृष्टिकोण हुन्छन्। == राजनैतिक दृष्टिकोण == समाजवादी आर्थिक प्रणालीको स्थापना गर्नु राष्ट्रियकरणको उद्देश्य हो। अर्थात् समाजवादमा राष्ट्रिय उत्पादनलाई न्यायोचित रुपमा सार्वजनिक हित र उपयोगको लागि वितरण हुने व्यवस्था स्थापित गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=NATIONALIZATION |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalization#:~:text=Political%20support,-Nationalization%20was%20one&text=In%20this%20context%2C%20the%20goals,of%20a%20socialist%20economic%20system.|website=en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalization}}</ref> == आर्थिक दृष्टिकोण == निजी नियन्त्रणमा रहेका कम्पनी, उद्योग वा सम्पत्तिहरू लिई सरकारको नियन्त्रणमा राख्ने प्रक्रिया '''राष्ट्रियकरण''' हो। राष्ट्रियकरण प्रायः विकासोन्मुख देशहरूमा हुन्छ । सम्पत्ति नियन्त्रण गर्ने वा विदेशी स्वामित्वमा रहेका उद्योगहरूमा राष्ट्रको प्रभुत्व कायम गर्ने राष्ट्रिय आवश्यकता नै राष्ट्रियकरण हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=NATIONALIZATION |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/nationalization.asp#:~:text|website=www.investopedia.com}}</ref> देशमा उत्पादित वस्तु र सेवाको नागरिकहरूमा न्यायोचित वितरण स्थापना गर्न, सर्वसुलभ र सहज पहुँचको व्यवस्था गर्न, वस्तु र सेवाको उपभोगमा समान अवसरको अवस्था कायम राख्न राष्ट्रियकरण गरिन्छ। = विश्वमा राष्ट्रियकरण = विश्व समयक्रम र परिस्थिति अनुसार प्राय सबै देशहरूले विभिन्न क्षेत्रमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरेका छन्। '''राष्ट्रियकरण गरेका देशहरूको सूचीः'''लिंक[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_nationalizations_by_country]] र '''विश्वका देशहरू:'''लिंक[[https://www.clearias.com/countries-world-listed-continent/#non-un-member-nations]]मा गरिएका '''राष्ट्रियकरणका क्षेत्रहरू''' = '''संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्य रहेका देशहरुमा राष्ट्रियकरण''' = = (क) उत्तर अमेरिकामा राष्ट्रियकरण = ==१.क्यानाडा == * '''१९१८''' [[क्यानेडियन नेसनल रेलवे]], प्रथम विश्वयुद्धको समयमा र पछि दिवालियापन पछि राष्ट्रव्यापी धेरै प्रणालीहरूबाट सिर्जना गरिएको, र १९९५ मा निजीकरण पछि। [[निगम]], [[सामुद्रिक एट्लान्टिक]] र [[भाया रेल]] (अझै पनि सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका) सबै एकै समयमा कम्पनीका सहायक थिए) *'''१९४३''' [[एल्डोराडो रिसोर्सेस]], निजी रेडियम र युरेनियम खानी कम्पनीलाई क्यानाडाको संघीय सरकारले [[म्यानहट्टन परियोजना]] को लागि युरेनियम आपूर्ति गर्न सम्झौता गरेपछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो। १९८८ मा [[क्यामेको]] गठन गर्न [[सास्काचेवान माइनिङ डेभलपमेन्ट कर्पोरेशन]] सँग गाभिएपछि निजीकरण गरियो। *'''१९४४''' [[हाइड्रो-क्युबेक]], पहिलो पटक [[मन्ट्रियल]] वरपर [[क्युबेक]] मा [[क्यानाडाको लिबरल पार्टी|लिबरल]] सरकारद्वारा बिजुलीको चिन्ताको आंशिक राष्ट्रियकरण मार्फत सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। [[Adélard Godbout]]। १९६० को प्रारम्भिक [[शान्त क्रान्ति]] को दौडान, क्युबेकमा बाँकी ११ निजी स्वामित्वमा रहेका बिजुली कम्पनीहरूलाई [[जीन लेसेज]] को [[क्युबेक लिबरल पार्टी|लिबरल]] सरकारद्वारा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९७५''' [[सास्काचेवानको पोटास कर्पोरेशन]], [[सस्काचेवान|सास्काचेवानको प्रान्त]] पोटास उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको अंश। धेरै पोटास उत्पादकहरू राष्ट्रियकरणको सट्टा सरकारलाई बेच्न राजी भए। ==२. संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका == *'''१७७५:''' पूर्व [[तेह्र उपनिवेश]] मा हुलाक सडकहरू [[संयुक्त राज्य हुलाक कार्यालय विभाग|यू.एस. हुलाक कार्यालय]] [[संयुक्त राज्य पोस्टमास्टर जनरल|पोस्टमास्टर जनरल]] [[बेन्जामिन फ्र्याङ्कलिन]] [[अमेरिकी क्रान्ति]] को समयमा [[सेकेन्ड कन्टिनेन्टल कांग्रेस]] को डिक्री द्वारा नेतृत्व। द्वारा सफल [[संयुक्त राज्य हुलाक कार्यालय|U.S. हुलाक कार्यालय विभाग]] [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संविधान|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको]] [[पोस्टल क्लज]] द्वारा सक्षम [[संविधान]], र अन्ततः [[संयुक्त राज्य हुलाक सेवा|U.S. हुलाक सेवा]] [[पोस्टल पुनर्गठन ऐन|पोस्टल पुनर्गठन ऐन १९७०]] पछि। *'''१८६२''' [[संयुक्त राज्य सैन्य रेलमार्ग]] (USMRR), [[संयुक्त राज्य युद्ध विभाग|U.S. युद्ध विभाग]] १८६२ को रेलवे र टेलिग्राफ ऐन द्वारा, यो राज्य-स्वामित्व भएको संस्थामा मर्ज गरियो र सबै कब्जा गरिएको [[Confederate State of America|Confederate]] रेल र अन्य रेल सम्पत्तिहरू।<ref>Thomas M Hanna (2019) : [https://thenextsystem.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/A_History_of_Nationalization_in_the_US-Hanna-NSP.pdf संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा राष्ट्रियकरणको इतिहास]{{Dead link|date=August 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - ''द नेक्स्ट सिस्टम प्रोजेक्ट'', 9 नोभेम्बर 120 जारी गरियो .</ref> *'''१९१७''': [[मर्क एण्ड क.]] [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको संघीय सरकार द्वारा कब्जा संघीय सरकार]] [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] गृह मोर्चाको समयमा विश्व युद्ध I मूल [[मर्क समूह]] जर्मनीमा सञ्चालन। *'''१९१७''': सबै [[संयुक्त राज्यमा रेल यातायात|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका रेलमार्गहरू]] [[संयुक्त राज्यको रेलमार्ग प्रशासन|रेलमार्ग प्रशासन]] द्वारा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका गृह मोर्चा दौडान प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध|विश्व युद्ध I]] द्वारा युद्धकालीन उपायको रूपमा सञ्चालन गरिएको (तर स्वामित्वमा छैन)। रेलमार्गहरू १९२० मा [[Esch-Cummins Act|Esch-Cummins Act]] अन्तर्गत निजी नियन्त्रणमा फिर्ता गरियो। * '''१९१८''': अमेरिकी टेलिफोन प्रणालीलाई जुलाई ३१, १९१८ मा राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो र हुलाक कार्यालय विभागको नियन्त्रणमा राखियो। यो ३१ जुलाई, १९१९ मा निजी स्वामित्वमा फिर्ता गरियो।<ref>[https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1466&context=faculty_scholarship The Wires Go to War: The U.S. Experiment with Government पहिलो विश्वयुद्धको समयमा टेलिफोन प्रणालीको स्वामित्व]</ref> *'''१९३९''': [[टेनेसी उपत्यका प्राधिकरण]] को संगठनले [[टेनेसी इलेक्ट्रिक पावर कम्पनी]] को राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो। *'''१९४३''': २७ डिसेम्बर, १९४३ मा, राष्ट्रपति रुजवेल्टले हडताललाई समाधान गर्न केही हप्ताको लागि रेलमार्गहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|title=Streamliners of America {{!}} अमेरिकी अनुभव {{!}} {!}} PBS|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/streamliners-timeline/|access-date=2022-01-29|website=www.pbs.org|language=en{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} }</ref> *'''१९७१''': राष्ट्रिय रेलमार्ग यात्रु निगम ([[Amtrak]]) एक [[सरकारको स्वामित्वमा रहेको निगम]] हो जुन अमेरिकी रेलमार्गहरूलाई उनीहरूको कानुनी दायित्वबाट छुटकारा दिने स्पष्ट उद्देश्यका लागि १९७१ मा सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। अन्तर-शहर रेल|अन्तर-शहर यात्री रेल]] सेवा। (मुख्यतया) [[रेल माल ढुवानी]] *'''१९७६''': कन्सोलिडेटेड रेल कर्पोरेसन ([[कोनरेल]]) [[क्षेत्रीय रेल पुनर्गठन ऐन]] द्वारा मुख्य रूपमा [[उत्तरपूर्वी संयुक्त राज्यमा सञ्चालित छ वटा दिवालिया रेल लाइनहरूको सञ्चालन लिनको लागि सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। राज्यहरू|उत्तरपूर्व]]; कन्रेललाई [[सीएसएक्स यातायात]] र [[नोर्फोक दक्षिणी रेलवे]] द्वारा अधिग्रहण गर्दा [[ओम्निबस बजेट मेलमिलाप ऐन अफ १९८७|ओम्निबस बजेट मेलमिलाप ऐन]] अन्तर्गत निजीकरण गरिएको थियो, यद्यपि यो [[नोर्फोक दक्षिणी रेलवे]] द्वारा सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ। [Conrail साझा सम्पत्ति सञ्चालन| सम्पत्ति व्यवस्थापन र नेटवर्क सेवा प्रदायक]]। Conrail को लागि प्रारम्भिक योजनाहरूले यसलाई पहिलो विश्वयुद्धको समयमा जस्तै वास्तवमा राष्ट्रियकरण प्रणाली बनाउन सक्ने थियो, तर [[Association of American Railroads]] ले एउटा वैकल्पिक प्रस्तावलाई जित्यो। *'''१९८९''': [[रिजोलुसन ट्रस्ट कर्पोरेशन]] ले [[वित्तीय संस्थाहरू सुधार, रिकभरी, र प्रवर्तन ऐन १९८९|वित्तीय संस्था सुधार ऐन अन्तर्गत सयौं असफल [[बचत र ऋण संघ]]को नियन्त्रण कब्जा गर्यो। , रिकभरी, र प्रवर्तन ऐन]] [[बचत र ऋण संकट *'''२००१''': [[सेप्टेम्बर ११ को आक्रमण]] को प्रतिक्रियास्वरूप, [[विमानस्थल सुरक्षा]] उद्योगलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो र [[फेडरल एभिएसन एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन|एफएए]]-नियन्त्रित [[उडन र यातायात सुरक्षा ऐन]] अन्तर्गत [यातायात सुरक्षा प्रशासन]]। *'''२००८''': केही अर्थशास्त्रीहरूले सरकारको [[फ्रेडी म्याक|फेडरल होम लोन मोर्टगेज कर्पोरेशन]] र [[फ्यानी माई|फेडरल नेशनलको संघीय अधिग्रहण]] मोर्टगेज एसोसिएसन]] राष्ट्रियकरण (वा पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण) भएको छ।[[फ्यानी माई]] र [[फ्रेडी म्याक]] सँग प्रयोग गरिएको [[संरक्षक]] मोडेल राष्ट्रियकरण भन्दा ढीलो र अधिक अस्थायी छ।<ref name=" huffingtonpost.com">{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | last1 = ब्याक्सटर | first1 = लरेन्स | last2 = खैरो | first2 = बिल | last3 = Cox | first3 = जिम | शीर्षक = अन्तमा, कतैको लागि पुल | अखबार = हफिंगटन पोस्ट | मिति = फेब्रुअरी २७, २००९ | url = https://www.huffingtonpost.com/lawrence-baxter-bill-brown-and-james-cox/finally-a-bridge-to-somew_b_170688.html} }</ref> *'''२००९''': केही अर्थशास्त्रीहरूले [[सिटिग्रुप]] को सन्दर्भमा [[संकटग्रस्त सम्पत्ति राहत कार्यक्रम]] र [[आकस्मिक आर्थिक स्थिरीकरण ऐन २००८ आंशिक राष्ट्रियकरण भएको हो। यस सम्बन्धमा सरकारका कार्यहरू [जनरल मोटर्स]] ले [[सीईओ]] लाई सरकारले अनुमोदित सीईओलाई प्रतिस्थापन गर्नुलाई पनि राष्ट्रियकरणको रूपमा लिइएको छ।जुन १, २००९ मा, [[जनरल मोटर्स]] [[जनरल मोटर्स दिवालियापन ]], सरकारले [[देनदार-मा-कब्जा वित्तपोषण]] मा $५० बिलियन सम्म लगानी गरेको र कम्पनीमा ६०% स्वामित्व लिएको छ। अमेरिकी सरकारको स्वामित्वको अतिरिक्त, [[क्यानाडा सरकार|क्यानाडा]] र [[गभर्नमेन्ट अफ ओन्टारियो|ओन्टारियो]] ले पनि जनरल मोटर्सको क्रमशः ७.९% र ३.८% स्वामित्व लिएको छ। ==३. मेक्सिको == *'''१९३८''' [[मेक्सिकन तेल उत्खनन|पेट्रोलियम उद्योगको उत्खनन्]]: राष्ट्रपति [[लाजारो कार्डेनास]]ले पेट्रोलियम कम्पनीहरू सरकारको विरुद्धमा विद्रोह गरेको र उहाँलाई दिइएको शक्तिहरू अन्तर्गत एक आदेश जारी गर्नुभयो। सन् १९३६ को उत्तरार्धमा [[कङ्ग्रेस अफ द युनियन|मेक्सिकोको कंग्रेस]] द्वारा पारित भएको अख्तियारी ऐनले उनीहरूलाई कब्जा गरेको थियो। मार्च १९, १९३८, संघका कर्मचारीहरूले सम्पत्तिहरू नियन्त्रणमा लिए, अन्ततः यसलाई [[Pemex]] को रूपमा पुन: संगठित गरे।<ref name="Ref_g">{{Cite web |url=http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/ watkins/pemex3.htm |title=1938 मा मेक्सिकोको पेट्रोलियम उद्योगको अधिग्रहण |access-date=2015-10-13 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive .org/web/20150924102315/http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/pemex3.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> *'''१९६०''' राष्ट्रपति [[एडोल्फो लोपेज मातेओस]] [[राष्ट्रियकृत]] [[मेक्सिकोमा विद्युत क्षेत्र CFE)। राष्ट्रपति [[कार्लोस सालिनास डे गोर्टारी]] ले १९९२ मा प्रणालीलाई पुन: निजीकरण गर्नुभयो, यद्यपि राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको CFE प्रभावशाली रहन्छ।<ref>{{cite web|title=La nacionalización de la industria eléctrica en México y su significado actual|url=https ://regeneracion.mx/la-nacionalizacion-de-la-industria-electrica-en-mexico-y-su-significado-actual/|last=Almazán Glz|first=Jose Antonio|publisher=Regeneracion|date=सेप्टेम्बर २१ , 2018|access-date=March 19, 2019|language=es|trans-title=मेक्सिकोमा बिजुली उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण र यसको वर्तमान महत्व}}</ref> * '''१९८२''' मेक्सिकोको [[बैंक|बैंकिङ प्रणाली]] को राष्ट्रियकरण [[ल्याटिन अमेरिकी ऋण संकट|ऋण संकट]]। [[कार्लोस सालिनास डे गोर्टारी]] प्रेसिडेंसी (१९८८–१९९४) अन्तर्गत १९९१ र १९९२ को बीचमा मेक्सिकन परिवार समूहहरूमा राष्ट्रियकृत बैंकहरू [[निजीकरण|निजीकरण]] धेरै छिटो भयो।<ref>{{cite journal |last=Marois| first=Thomas|title=The 1982 Mexican Bank Statization and Unintended Consequences for the Emergence of Neoliberalism|journal=Canadian Journal of Political Science|year=2008|volume=41|issue=1|pages=143–167|doi=170. s0008423908080128|s2cid=153937165}}</ref> ==ग्वाटेमाला == ==बेलीज == ==एल साल्भाडोर == ==होन्डुरस == ==कोस्टारिका == ==निकारागुआ == ==पनामा == ==बर्मुडा == ==बहामास == ==हाइटी == ==क्युबा == *'''१९५९''' को [[क्युबाली क्रान्ति]] पछि क्यास्ट्रो सरकारले बिस्तारै सबै विदेशी-स्वामित्व भएका निजी कम्पनीहरूलाई कब्जा गर्यो, जसमध्ये अधिकांश अमेरिकी निगमहरू र व्यक्तिहरूको स्वामित्वमा थिए। तत्काल ट्रिगर अमेरिकी स्वामित्वमा रहेको तेल प्रशोधन कम्पनीहरूले [[सोभियत संघ]]बाट प्राप्त [[पेट्रोलियम|कच्चा तेल]]लाई परिष्कृत गर्न अस्वीकार गर्नु थियो। तेल नहुने सम्भावनाको सामना गर्दै, क्युबाले तीन अमेरिकी रिफाइनरीहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। यस कार्यले [[क्युबा विरुद्ध संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको प्रतिबन्ध|क्युबामा अमेरिकी प्रतिबन्ध]] लाई बढायो, जसले सबै अमेरिकी स्वामित्वको सम्पत्तिलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेर प्रतिक्रिया दियो। अन्ततः सबै क्युबाली निजी सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Cuban Exiles in America {{!}} American Experience {{!}} PBS |url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ americanexperience/features/castro-cuban-exiles-america/ |access-date=2023-08-25 |website=www.pbs.org |language=en}}</ref> *'''१९६६''' मा सुरुमा, क्यास्ट्रो सरकारले क्युबामा [[हकर (ट्रेड)|सडक बिक्रेताहरू]] को स्तरसम्म बाँकी रहेका सबै [[निजी रूपमा आयोजित कम्पनी|निजी स्वामित्वमा रहेका व्यवसायहरू]] राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। मार्च १४, १९६८ मा नयाँ "क्रान्तिकारी आक्रामक" को साथ प्रक्रियाले गति लियो। US लाई $१.३ मिलियन को सानो रकम भुक्तान गरिएको थियो। सम्बन्ध बिग्रनु अघि हितहरूले दुई सरकारहरू बीचको सबै सहयोग समाप्त गर्यो। == जमैका == = दक्षिण अमेरिकामा राष्ट्रियकरण = == कोलम्बिया == *'''१९९८''' [[ग्रानाहोरार बैंक]] राष्ट्रियकरण == भेनेजुएला == *'''१९७५''' फलाम र इस्पात उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref>Vegard Bye (1979): [https://www.jstor.org/stable/422789 भेनेजुएलामा तेलको राष्ट्रियकरण], ''जर्नल अफ द शान्ति अनुसन्धान '', नम्बर 1, भोल्युम XVI, 1979।</ref> *'''१९७६''', [[कार्लोस एन्ड्रेस पेरेज]] को अध्यक्षतामा भेनेजुएलाको तेल उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरणको साथ [[PDVSA]] को स्थापना। *'''२००७''' मे १, २००७ मा, सरकारले राष्ट्रपति [[ह्युगो चाभेज]] को राष्ट्रियकरणको एउटा विवादास्पद घटक, विशाल [[ओरिनोको बेल्ट]] कच्चा परियोजनाहरूमाथिको परिचालन नियन्त्रणको विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो तेल कम्पनीहरूबाट हटायो। ड्राइभ। *'''२००८''' अप्रिल ३, २००८ मा चाभेजले सिमेन्ट उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने आदेश दिए।<ref name="Ref_t">[http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/78BD5E2C-6A4B- 4787-BAF7-7F764A8BF7A0.htm अल जजीरा अंग्रेजी - अमेरिका - चाभेजले सिमेन्ट उद्योगलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ<!-- बोटले उत्पन्न शीर्षक -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511160844/http://http/ |date=2008-05-11 }}</ref> *'''२००८''' अप्रिल ९, २००८ मा, चाभेजले भेनेजुएलाको [[स्टील मिल]] [[SIDOR|Sidor]] को राष्ट्रियकरणको आदेश दिए, जसमा हाल [[लक्समबर्ग]]-आधारित [[टर्नियम]] छ। एक ६०% हिस्सेदारी। सिडोरका कर्मचारी र सरकारको क्रमशः २०% हिस्सेदारी छ।<ref name="Ref_2008b">{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSN0942912020080409?feedType=RSS&feedName=worldNews | title=भेनेजुएलाको राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने स्टिलमेकर सिडोर: युनियन | मिति = अप्रिल 9, 2008 | work=Reuters} }</ref> *'''२००८''' अगस्त १९, २००८ मा, चाभेजले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सिमेन्ट उत्पादक [[Cemex]] को स्वामित्वमा रहेको र सञ्चालित सिमेन्ट प्लान्टको अधिग्रहण गर्न आदेश दिए। जबकि Cemex को शेयर [[न्यूयोर्क स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]] मा घट्यो, सिमेन्ट प्लान्टले कम्पनीको व्यापारको लगभग ५% मात्र समावेश गर्दछ, र अन्य बजारहरूमा उत्पादन गर्ने कम्पनीको क्षमतामा प्रतिकूल असर पार्ने अपेक्षा गरिएको छैन। चाभेजले घर निर्माण र पूर्वाधार लक्ष्यहरू पूरा गर्न आफ्नो देशको कंक्रीट र इस्पात उद्योगहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्न खोजिरहेका छन्।<ref name="Ref_u">{{cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/markets/2008 /08/19/cemex-venezuela-chavez-markets-equity-cx_ra_0819markets41.html |title=Venezuela Seizes Cemex - Forbes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web /20081010171643/http://www.forbes.com/markets/2008/08/19/cemex-venezuela-chavez-markets-equity-cx_ra_0819markets41.html |archive-date=October 10, 2008 }</ref> * '''२००९''' फेब्रुअरी २८, २००९ मा, चाभेजले सेनालाई सबै धान प्रशोधन र प्याकेजिङ प्लान्टहरू कब्जा गर्न आदेश दिए।<ref name="Ref_2009">{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7917176.stm | काम = बीबीसी समाचार | title=चाभेजले धानको बोटमा सेना पठाउँछन् | मिति = मार्च 1, 2009 | access-date=मे 20, 2010}</ref> *'''२०१०''' जनवरी २०, २०१० मा चाभेजले बढ्दो मूल्य र सट्टा होर्डिङका कारण [[फ्रान्स|फ्रान्सेली]] कम्पनीको खुद्रा स्टोरहरूको प्रणाली अन्तर्गत छ [[सुपरमार्केट]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने अध्यादेशमा हस्ताक्षर गरे। अवैध। *''''२०१०'''' जुन २४, २०१० मा, भेनेजुएलाले अमेरिकी कम्पनी [[हेल्मेरिच र पायने]]सँग सम्बन्धित तेल ड्रिलिंग रिगहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने इरादा घोषणा गर्‍यो।*'''२०१०''' अक्टोबर २५, २०१० मा, चाभेजले घोषणा गरे कि सरकारले दुईवटा अमेरिकी स्वामित्वमा रहेका [[O-I Glass|Owens-Illinois]] काँच उत्पादन गर्ने प्लान्टलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरिरहेको छ। *'''२०१०''' अक्टोबर ३१, २०१० मा, चाभेजले आफ्नो सरकारले [[Sidetur]] स्टिल उत्पादन गर्ने प्लान्टको जिम्मा लिने बताए। Sidetur Vivencia को स्वामित्वमा छ, जसमा २००८ मा सरकारले विनियोजित दुई खनिज प्लान्टहरू थिए।<ref name="The2010" <ref/> *'''२०१५''' भेनेजुएलाका राष्ट्रपति [[निकोलस मादुरो]]ले [[खाना वितरण]] राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने वाचा गरे।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.yahoo.com/venezuela-nationalize- food-distribution-191734377.html|title = भेनेजुएलालाई खाद्य वितरणको राष्ट्रियकरण गर्न </ref> == गुयाना == == सुरिनाम == == ब्राजिल == == इक्वेडर == == पेरु == == बोलिभिया == अधिकांश उपयोगिताहरू १९९४ मा निजीकरण हुनु अघि राष्ट्रिय स्वामित्वमा थिए। *'''२००६''' मे १, २००६ मा, नव निर्वाचित [[बोलिभिया]]का राष्ट्रपति [[इभो मोरालेस]] ले देशको [[बोलिभियामा प्राकृतिक ग्यास|प्राकृतिक ग्यास उद्योग]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने योजना घोषणा गर्नुभयो; विदेशी कम्पनीहरूलाई आफ्नो विद्यमान ठेक्का पुन: वार्ता गर्न छ महिना दिइएको थियो। *'''२००८''' मे १, २००८ मा, बोलिभियाको अग्रणी दूरसञ्चार कम्पनी [[Entel Bolivia|Entel]] को राष्ट्रियकरण सम्पन्न भयो, यसअघि [[Telecom Italia]] को स्वामित्व थियो। * '''२०१०''' मे १, २०१० मा, सरकारले देशको मुख्य जलविद्युत प्लान्टलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, यसरी बोलिभियाको धेरैजसो विद्युत उत्पादन र अन्तिम प्रयोगकर्ताको बिक्रीमाथि नियन्त्रण राख्यो। * '''२०१२''' मे १, २०१२ मा, मोरालेस सरकारले [[पावर ग्रिड]] अपरेटर ''ट्रान्सपोर्टोरा डे इलेक्ट्रिकिडाड'' (''टीडीई'') को राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, तबसम्म ९९.९४% [[रेड इलेक्ट्रिकाको स्वामित्वमा थियो। de España]]। TDE ले बोलिभियामा ७३% पावर लाइनहरूको स्वामित्व र सञ्चालन गर्दछ। == पाराग्वे == == चिली == *'''१९७२''' [[तामाको चिली राष्ट्रियकरण]] खनन उद्योग, ११ जुलाई १९७१ मा चिली कांग्रेस द्वारा संविधानमा सर्वसम्मत परिमार्जन पछि, अमेरिकी कम्पनी Anaconda, Kennecott, र Cerro को सञ्चालन राष्ट्रियकरण। यो कार्य [[साल्भाडोर एलेन्डे]] को [[सोशलिस्ट पार्टी अफ चिली|सोशलिस्ट]] सरकारद्वारा गरिएको थियो। == अर्जेन्टिना == * '''१९४६''' [[सेन्ट्रल बैंक अफ अर्जेन्टिना]] * '''१९४६''' [[प्राकृतिक ग्यास|प्राकृतिक ग्यास सेवाहरू]] (पछि १९९२ मा निजीकरण गरियो) * '''१९४७''' [[ENTel|टेलिफोन नेटवर्क]] (पछि १९९० मा निजीकरण) * '''१९४७''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा रेडियो|रेडियो नेटवर्कहरू]] (पछि १९८० र १९९३ बीच निजीकरण गरियो) * '''१९४८''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा रेलवे राष्ट्रियकरण|रेल यातायात]] (१९९१ र १९९९ बीच निजीकरण) * '''१९५९''' [[पेट्रोलियम|तेल भण्डार]] (राज्यको तेल उद्यम, [[वाईपीएफ]], १९२२ मा स्थापित भएको थियो; [[सन् १९४९ को अर्जेन्टिनाको संविधानको धारा ४० अनुसार खनिज स्रोतहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। १९४९ संविधान]]; पछिल्लो १९५६ मा खारेज गरिएको थियो, तर तेल १९५८ मा नवीकरण गरिएको थियो र निजी फर्महरु पछि पट्टाहरु मार्फत संचालित) * '''१९४९''' [[पोर्ट अफ ब्यूनस आयर्स|पोर्ट प्रशासन]] (१९९२ मा निजीकरण) * '''१९४९''' [[व्यापारी समुद्री]] (१९९१ मा निजीकरण) * '''१९५१''' [[Televisión Pública|LR३ TV Canal ७]] (त्यतिबेला देशको पहिलो र एकमात्र अवस्थित टेलिभिजन नेटवर्क; राज्य आफैंले स्थापना नगरेको भए पनि, यो राज्यको स्वामित्वको रूपमा सुरु भयो। यो १९५४ मा संक्षिप्त रूपमा निजीकरण गरिएको थियो र १९५५ मा पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। * '''१९५२''' [[ब्युनस आयर्स मेट्रो]] (सञ्चालनहरू १९९४ मा निजीकृत) * '''१९५८''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा विद्युत क्षेत्र|विद्युत उपयोगिताहरू]] (१९९२ मा निजीकरण) * '''१९७४''' [[अर्जेन्टिनामा टेलिभिजन|टेलिभिजन नेटवर्कहरू]] (१९८२ र १९९८ बीच निजीकृत) * '''१९८०''' [[Austral Lineas Aéreas]] (१९८७ मा निजीकरण, २००८ मा पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण) * '''२००३''' [[कोरेओ अर्जेन्टिनो]] * '''२००६''' [[ब्यूनस आयर्स, अर्जेन्टिनामा एकीकृत शहरी पानी व्यवस्थापन १९९३) * '''२००८''' [[एरोलिनियास अर्जेन्टिनास]] पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण (१९४९ र १९९० बीचको राज्यको स्वामित्वमा) * '''२००८''' [[पेन्सन कोष]] ([[ANSES]] मा हस्तान्तरण गरिएको) * '''२०१०''' [[FAdeA]] (१९२७ र १९९५ बीचको राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको) * '''२०१२''' YPF [[वाईपीएफको पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण|पुनः राष्ट्रियकरण]] (सन् १९२२ र १९९३ बीचको राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको) == उरुग्वे == = युरोपमा राष्ट्रियकरण= == आइसल्यान्ड == *'''२००८''' आइसल्याण्डको सबैभन्दा ठूलो [[वाणिज्य बैंक]]]: [[Kaupþing]], [[Landsbanki]], [[Glitnir (बैंक)|Glitnir]] र [[Sparisjóðabanki|Icebank]] को पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण। । *'''२००९''' [[स्ट्रामर इन्भेस्टमेन्ट बैंक]] र [[बचत बैंक]] [[Sparisjóður Reykjavíkur og omøreðirs|SPRON]] को राष्ट्रियकरण। == नर्वे == ==स्वीडेन == * '''१९३९-१९४८''' अधिकांश निजी रेलवे कम्पनीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण। *'''१९५७''' खानी कम्पनी [[LKAB]] राष्ट्रियकरण भएको छ। १९०७ देखि राज्यले निगमको ५०% सेयर स्वामित्व पाएको थियो, बाँकी किन्न विकल्पहरू सहित, १९०७ देखि। /$file/A%२०historic%२०journey.pdf एक ऐतिहासिक यात्रा] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111153518/http://www.lkab.com/__C12570A1002EAAAE.nsf/% 28%24all%29/986496EB999E5F43C1257165002ECDCF/%24file/A%20historic%20journey.pdf |date=2012-01-11 }} Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara Aktieag, </६०> April *'''१९७०s''' स्विडेनी सरकारले [[फार्मेसी|फार्मेसी]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरे, जहाँ राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको [[Apoteksbolaget]] AB लाई खुद्रा एकाधिकार दिइएको थियो। ==फिनल्याण्ड== *'''१९९३''' बैंकिङ क्षेत्रको एक सानो भागलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ, [[Omaisuudenhoitoyhtiö Arsenal]] बैंकिङ संकट समाधान गर्नको लागि सिर्जना गरिएको थियो। *'''२०१५''': [[Ahtium|Talvivaara Sotkamo Ltd]] जसले [[Sotkamo]] मा निकल खानी सञ्चालन गर्यो, नोभेम्बर २०१४ मा दिवालिया भयो, र फिनिश राज्यले तुरुन्तै खानीलाई स्थिर गर्नको लागि आफ्नो कब्जामा लियो। वातावरणीय क्षति रोक्न खानी सञ्चालन। [[Terrafame]], जुन पूर्ण रूपमा फिनिश राज्यको स्वामित्वमा छ, ले अगस्ट २०१५ मा एक यूरोमा दिवालिया सम्पत्तिबाट खानी किनेको थियो। त्यसबेलादेखि, खानीलाई निजीकरण गर्ने प्रयासहरू गरिएको छ। नोभेम्बर २०२० मा राज्यको होल्डिंग अझै ७१.२% थियो। ==रुस == * '''१९१८''' सबै उत्पादन उद्यमहरू, धेरै खुद्रा व्यापार उद्यमहरू, कुनै पनि [[निजी क्षेत्र|निजी उद्यमहरू]], सम्पूर्ण [[रूसमा बैंकिङ|बैंकिङ क्षेत्र]], [[रूसमा कृषि|कृषि क्षेत्र]] , [[रूसमा यातायात <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781316137024/type/book|title=The Cambridge History of Communism|date=2017-09-21|volume= एक first2=स्टीफन ए.}}</ref> पछि [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन]] को सरकारले [[नयाँ आर्थिक नीति]] प्रस्तुत गर्‍यो जसले क्रान्तिकारी अवधिको अन्त्यसम्म देशलाई केही हदसम्म बजार अर्थशास्त्रतर्फ सार्यो र [[जोसेफ स्टालिन ]]को [[जोसेफ स्टालिनको उदय|शक्तिको अधिग्रहण]]। *'''१९९८''' येल्तसिन सरकारले [[Gazprom]] को सम्पत्ति जफत गर्न थाल्यो, कम्पनीले [[फिर्ता करहरू]] तिरेको दाबी गर्दै। १९९० को मध्य देखि [[Gazprom]] को निजीकरण पूर्ण [[निजीकरण]] हासिल गर्ने उद्देश्यले ३८.३७% मा घटाइएको थियो। यद्यपि, Gazprom मा [[रूसको सरकार|रूसी सरकार]] को हिस्सेदारी [[भ्लादिमिर पुटिन]] ले नियन्त्रण गर्ने स्थितिमा हिस्सेदारी बढाउने योजनाको साथ ५०% मा बढाइएको छ। Gazprom ले रूसी र अन्य अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपयोगिता कम्पनीहरू पनि खरिद गरिरहेको छ। *'''२०१३''' [[रूसको अन्तरिक्ष उद्योग|अन्तरिक्ष उद्योग]] पुनः राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ। [[रूसको सरकार|सरकार]] ले एउटा नयाँ निगम—[[संयुक्त रकेट एण्ड स्पेस कर्पोरेशन]]—अगस्ट २०१३ मा हालैको रकेट प्रक्षेपण असफलताका कारण सिर्जना गर्‍यो। [[रूसका उपप्रधानमन्त्री|उपप्रधानमन्त्री]] [[दिमित्री रोगोजिन]]का अनुसार, "असफल-प्रवण अन्तरिक्ष क्षेत्र यति समस्यामा छ कि यसको समस्याहरू हटाउन राज्यको पर्यवेक्षण आवश्यक छ।" == इस्टोनिया == == लात्भिया == == लिथुआनिया == == बेलारुस == == आयरल्यान्ड == १९४० मा [[Córas Iompair Éireann]] को रूपमा रेलवे राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। * '''२००७''' अगस्त ३, २००७ मा, आयरिश सरकारलाई [[Eircom]] को तामा नेटवर्क पूर्वाधारमा हिस्सेदारी प्रस्ताव गरिएको थियो।<ref name="Ref_d">[http://www.rte। ie/news/2007/0803/eircom-business.html Eircom र राज्य ब्रोडब्यान्ड स्वैपमा?]{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> आयरल्याण्डको टेलिफोन नेटवर्कहरू १९९९ मा निजीकरण गरियो। *'''२००९''' जनवरी १६, २००९ मा, आयरिश सरकारले बैंकको व्यवहार्यता सुरक्षित गर्न [[एङ्लो आयरिश बैंक]] लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो।<ref name="Ref_e">[https://www.irishtimes.com/ अखबार/frontpage/2009/0116/1232059654021.html सरकारले 'नाजुक' एंग्लो आयरिश बैंकलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्छ]</ref> *'''२०१०''' राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको [[एंग्लो आयरिश बैंक]] ले आयरल्यान्डको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्पनी [[QUINN समूह]] लाई सार्वजनिक स्वामित्वमा ल्याउँदै बहुमत नियन्त्रण लिने छ।<ref name="Ref_f">[ http://www.rte.ie/news/2010/0408/quinn-business.html एङ्ग्लो आयरिश बैंकको €700m क्विन योजना]</ref> == संयुक्त अधिराज्य बेलायत == *'''१८५८''' [[ब्रिटिश ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी]] - [[भारतीय विद्रोह 1857|भारतीय विद्रोह]] पछि, [[भारत सरकार अधिनियम 1858|भारत सरकार अधिनियम १८५८]] को प्रावधानहरू अन्तर्गत, ब्रिटिश सरकारले ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनीलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। *'''१८६८''' [[सामान्य हुलाक कार्यालय]] [[टेलीग्राफ ऐन 1868|टेलीग्राफ ऐन १८६८]] अन्तर्गत अन्तरदेशीय टेलिग्राफहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref name="Schifferes2008"><nowiki>{{recite web| url=</nowiki>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7250252.stm | काम = बीबीसी समाचार | title=राष्ट्रियकरणको पाठ | मिति=फेब्रुअरी १८, २००८ | access-date=मे २०, २०१० | पहिलो = स्टीव | last=Schifferes} }</ref> *'''१८७५''' [[सुएज नहर|सुएज नहर कम्पनी]] - कम्पनीमा इजिप्टको शेयर सरकारले खरिद गरेको थियो। *'''१९१२''' GPO अन्तर्गत [[National Telephone Company]] को राष्ट्रियकरण, [[पोर्ट्समाउथ]] र [[Kingston on Hull|Hull]] बाहेक। पोर्ट्समाउथ टेलिफोन सेवालाई अर्को वर्ष राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९१६''' [[राज्य व्यवस्थापन योजना|मदिरा व्यापार]] - [[कार्लिस्ले, कुम्ब्रिया|कार्लिसल]], [[ग्रेटना, डम्फ्रिज र गैलोवे|ग्रेटना]], [[क्रोमार्टी]] र [[राज्य व्यवस्थापन योजना]] अन्तर्गत [[लन्डन बरो अफ एनफिल्ड|एनफिल्ड]]; मुख्यतया हतियार कारखाना कामदारहरु द्वारा रक्सी खपत प्रतिबन्ध गर्न को लागी एक प्रयास। यो योजना १९७३ मा सम्पत्ति हस्तान्तरण द्वारा [[निजीकरण]] गरिएको थियो। x&g१९९६३=x&amid=९८५९ {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki> * '''१९२६''' [[Central Electricity Board]] introduced under [[Electricity (Supply) Act 1926|Electricity (Supply) Act १९२६]] established the [[National Grid (UK)|National Grid]] and set up a national standard for electricity supply. * '''१९२७''' [[British Broadcasting Company]] (a privately owned company) became the [[BBC|British Broadcasting Corporation]] ([[BBC]]), a [[Statutory Corporation#United Kingdom|public corporation]] operating under a [[Royal Charter]]. * '''१९३३''' [[London Passenger Transport Board|London Transport]] * '''१९३८''' Nationalisation of UK Coal Royalties under the [[Coal Commission (United Kingdom)|Coal Commission]] by the [[Coal Act 1938|Coal Act १९३८]].<ref name="Ref_k">[http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/findingData/snDescription.asp?sn=1825 SN 1825 -Nationalisation of the UK Coal Royalties, 1938 : Compensation Payments<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * '''१९३९''' [[British Overseas Airways Corporation]] (BOAC), later [[British Airways]] - combining the private [[British Airways Ltd]] and the state owned [[Imperial Airways]] and placing its control under [[National Air Communications]]. * '''१९३९-४५''' During World War II, much of British industry was subjected to close regulation or control, although not nationalised as such. * '''१९४३''' North of Scotland Hydro-Electricity Board * '''१९४५-५१''' The [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] comes to power in the [[Attlee ministry]] with a program for nationalising weak sectors of the economy.<ref>William Ashworth, ''The state in business: 1945 to the mid 1980s'' (1991).</ref><ref>Martin Chick, ''Industrial policy in Britain 1945-1951: economic planning, nationalisation and the Labour governments'' (2002).</ref><ref>Robert A. Brady, ''Crisis in Britain. Plans and Achievements of the Labour Government'' (1950) [https://archive.org/details/crisisinbritainp0000brad excerpt]</ref> * '''१९४६''' Coal industry under the [[National Coal Board]] with the [[Coal Industry Nationalisation Act 1946|Coal Industry Nationalisation Act १९४६]].<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 77-32</ref> * '''१९४६''' [[Bank of England]] - its private shareholders who were bought out by the state.<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain'' pp 43-77.</ref> * '''१९४६''' [[National Health Service]] created taking over hospitals and making medical services free by the [[National Health Service Act 1946|National Health Service Act १९४६]].<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 352-401</ref> * '''१९४७''' [[Central Electricity Generating Board]] and area electricity boards. Privatized in the १९९०s.<ref name="Brady, pp 132-8">Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 132-8</ref> * '''१९४७''' [[Cable & Wireless plc|Cable & Wireless]] Ltd - the latter had had private shareholders who were bought out by the state.<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 284-306</ref> * '''१९४८''' [[History of rail transport in Great Britain 1948–1994|National rail]], inland (not marine) water transport, some road haulage, some road passenger transport and [[Thomas Cook & Son]] under the [[British Transport Commission]]. Separate elements operated as [[British Rail]]ways, [[British Road Services]], and [[British Waterways]].<ref>Brady, ''Crisis in Britain '' pp 236-83</ref> * '''१९४९''' [[Gas Act 1948|Gas Act १९४८]] nationalises local authority and private gas supply undertakings in England, Scotland and Wales<ref name="Brady, pp 132-8" /> *'''१९५१''' [[आइरन एण्ड स्टिल कर्पोरेशन अफ ग्रेट ब्रिटेन]] अन्तर्गत फलाम र इस्पात उद्योग (१९५५ मा कन्जरभेटिभ सरकार द्वारा अस्वीकृत)<ref name="Ref_l">{{cite web|url=http: //www.uksteel.org.uk/history.htm|title=UK Steel Industry Associations|publisher=UK Steel Association|access-date=2013-10-11|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123091612/http://www.uksteel.org.uk/history.htm|archive-date=2008-01-23}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080123091612/http://www.uksteel.org.uk/history.htm |date=2008-01-23 }}</ref> *'''१९६७''' [[ब्रिटिश स्टिल कर्पोरेशन]] पुन: राष्ट्रियकरण (सेप्टेम्बर १९८८ मा कन्जरभेटिभ सरकार द्वारा पुन: निजीकृत) *'''१९६९''' [[राष्ट्रिय बस कम्पनी (युके)|नेसनल बस कम्पनी]], [[ब्रिटिश ट्रान्सपोर्ट कमिसन]] को [[ब्रिटिश इलेक्ट्रिक ट्र्याक्सन]] समूहबाट प्राप्त अरूसँगको पूर्व हितहरू संयोजन गर्दै। *'''१९६९''' [[पोस्ट अफिस लिमिटेड|पोस्ट अफिस]] निगम [[पोस्ट अफिस ऐन १९६९]] द्वारा सिर्जना गरिएको। *'''१९७१''' [[रोल्स-रोयस होल्डिंग्स|रोल्स-रोयस (१९७१) लिमिटेड]] - हालै दिवालिया [[रोल्स-रोयस लिमिटेड] को रणनीतिक रूपमा महत्त्वपूर्ण [[एयरक्राफ्ट इन्जिन|एरो-इन्जिन]] भाग। ]। *'''१९७३''' [[पानी ऐन 1973|पानी ऐन १९७३]] [[इंग्ल्याण्ड र वेल्स]] मा स्थानीय प्राधिकरणको पानी आपूर्ति उपक्रमलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ *'''१९७३''' [[ब्रिटिश ग्यास कर्पोरेशन]] [[ग्यास बोर्ड|क्षेत्रीय ग्यास बोर्डहरू]] प्रतिस्थापन गरी सिर्जना गरियो। *'''१९७४''' [[BP|ब्रिटिश पेट्रोलियम]] - [[विन्स्टन चर्चिल]] द्वारा [[फर्स्ट लर्ड अफ द एडमिरल्टी]] को रूपमा पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध पछि लगभग २५ को साथ खरिद गरिएको ५०% हिस्सेदारीको संयोजन। [[बर्मा आयल]] बाट [[बैंक अफ इङ्ल्यान्ड]] ले अधिग्रहण गरेको % शेयरले सरकारलाई प्रत्यक्ष वा अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा बीपीको बहुमत शेयरधारक बनायो, यद्यपि व्यावसायिक स्वतन्त्रता कायम राखिएको थियो। सबै शेयरहरू १९८० को दशकमा बेचेका थिए। *'''१९७५''' [[राष्ट्रिय उद्यम बोर्ड]] - औद्योगिक उपक्रमहरूको पूर्ण वा आंशिक स्वामित्वको लागि राज्य होल्डिङ कम्पनी। * '''१९७६''' [[ब्रिटिश लेल्याण्ड]] मोटर कर्पोरेशन - [[राष्ट्रिय उद्यम बोर्ड]] अन्तर्गत राष्ट्रियकरण भएपछि ''ब्रिटिश लेल्याण्ड'' भयो। पछि यो होल्डिङ कम्पनी "BL Ltd" को रूपमा चिनिन थाल्यो, यसलाई पछि धेरै स्ट्यान्डअलोन व्यवसायहरूमा पुन: संगठित गरियो - सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध [[Austin Rover Group|Austin Rover]], [[Leyland Trucks]], [[Freight Rover]] , [[ल्यान्ड रोभर]] र [[जागुआर कारहरू|जगुआर]]। *'''१९७७''' [[ब्रिटिश एयरोस्पेस]] - प्रमुख विमान कम्पनीहरू [[ब्रिटिश एयरक्राफ्ट कर्पोरेशन]], [[हकर सिडले]] र अन्यलाई संयोजन गर्दै। [[ब्रिटिश शिपबिल्डर्स]] - [[विमान र जहाज निर्माण उद्योग ऐन १९७७ अन्तर्गत [[क्यामेल लेर्ड]], [[गोभन शिपबिल्डर्स]], [[स्वान हन्टर]], [[यारो शिपबिल्डर्स]] सहित प्रमुख जहाज निर्माण कम्पनीहरूलाई संयोजन गर्दै ]]। * '''१९८१''' [[ब्रिटिश टेलिकम]] (पछि '''BT''' को रूपमा स्टाइल गरिएको) [[British Telecommunications Act १९८१] अन्तर्गत [[पोस्ट अफिस टेलिकम्युनिकेसन्स]] बाट दूरसञ्चार सेवाहरूको नियन्त्रण लिएर सिर्जना गरियो। ]। *'''१९८४''' [[Johnson Matthey|Johnson Matthey Bankers]] - [[मार्गरेट थ्याचरको प्रिमियरशिप|थ्याचर सरकार]]<ref name="lastnat">[http ://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/7250668.stm "अन्तिम राष्ट्रियकरण के थियो?", ''बीबीसी समाचार'', १८ फेब्रुअरी २००८]</ref> बैंकिङ संकटको डरमा र १९८६ मा [[वेस्टप्याक]] लाई बेचियो।<ref><nowiki>{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=</nowiki>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/11/business/rescued-bank-sold-by-britain.html | title=ब्रिटेनले बेचेको उद्धार बैंक | पहिलो = स्टीव | अन्तिम=लोहर | समाचारपत्र = न्यूयोर्क टाइम्स | मिति=११ अप्रिल १९८६}</ref> *'''१९९०''' [[क्यालेडोनियन स्टीम प्याकेट कम्पनी]]। नयाँ कम्पनीका सबै सेयरहरू [[स्कटल्याण्डका लागि राज्य सचिव]] द्वारा खरिद गरिँदै [[क्यालेडोनियन म्याकब्रेन]], आफ्नो नौका हातबाट काते। [[Scottish devolution को इतिहास|Scottish devolution]] देखि क्यालेडोनियन म्याकब्रेन [[स्कटिश सरकार]] को स्वामित्वमा रहेको छ। *'''१९९७''' [[डकल्याण्ड लाइट रेलवे]] - [[जोन प्रेस्कट]] ले १९९७ लेबर पार्टी सम्मेलनमा घोषणा गरे कि उनले यसलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको छ, यद्यपि यो पहिले नै सार्वजनिक हातमा थियो।<ref name="lastnat" /> *'''२००१''' [[रेल ट्र्याक]] - रेलवे पूर्वाधारको मालिक र अपरेटर, रेलट्र्याक, यसरी राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थिएन। यद्यपि, यसको प्रतिस्थापन [[नेटवर्क रेल]], राज्य-स्वामित्वको कम्पनी नभएको अवस्थामा, कुनै शेयरधारकहरू थिएनन् ''([[कम्पनी ग्यारेन्टीद्वारा सीमित]])'' र राज्यद्वारा लेखिएको थियो। यसअघि सरकारले मूल बिक्रीबाट बाँकी रहेको Railtrack Group Plc मा ०.२% (मतदान अधिकार सहित) को बाँकी शेयर प्रयोग गर्न थाल्यो।<ref name="Ref_m">[https://publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo020212/text/20212w16.htm हाउस अफ कमन्स ह्यान्सर्डले १२ फेब्रुअरी २००२ (pt १६) को लागि लिखित उत्तरहरू <!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> * '''२००३''' निजी अपरेटर [[कनेक्स साउथ ईस्टर्न]] को असफलता पछि [[रणनीतिक रेल प्राधिकरण]] ले [[दक्षिण पूर्वी फ्रान्चाइजी]] को नियन्त्रण लियो। एकीकृत केन्ट फ्रान्चाइजीको भागको रूपमा सन् २००६ मा फ्रान्चाइजीलाई पुन: निजीकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''२००८''' [[उत्तरी चट्टान]] - [[उत्तरी रकको राष्ट्रियकरण मापन'। बैंकलाई व्यावसायिक व्यवसायको रूपमा 'आर्म्स लम्बाइ' मा चलाइनेछ र भविष्यमा निजी खरिदकर्तालाई बेचिनेछ।<ref name="Ref_2008"><nowiki>{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=</nowiki>http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7249575.stm | काम = बीबीसी समाचार | title=उत्तरी चट्टान राष्ट्रियकरण हुने | मिति=फेब्रुअरी १७, २००८ | access-date=मे 20, 2010}</ref> *'''२००८''' [[ब्राडफोर्ड र बिंगले]] (बंधक पुस्तक मात्र) - [[एलिस्टेयर डार्लिंग]], [[चान्सलर अफ द एक्सेक्वर]] द्वारा २९ सेप्टेम्बर २००८ मा घोषणा गरिएको थियो। कम्पनीको ऋण अंश थियो। राष्ट्रियकरण भयो, जबकि वाणिज्य बैंक बेचिएको थियो।<ref name="Ref_2008a"><nowiki>{{समाचार उद्धृत गर्नुहोस् | url=</nowiki>https://www.reuters.com/article/economicNews/idUSBINGLEY20080929 | title=HIGHLIGHTS-ब्रिटेनले ब्राडफोर्ड र बिंगलेलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ | मिति = सेप्टेम्बर 29, 2008 | work=Reuters} }</ref> *'''२००८''' अक्टोबरमा, [[रोयल बैंक अफ स्कटल्याण्ड]], र भर्खरै मर्ज गरिएको [[HBOS]]-[[लॉयड्स बैंक|लोयड्स टीएसबी]] आंशिक रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। सरकारले RBS को लगभग ६०% (पछि बढेर ७०%, त्यसपछि ८०%) र ४०% HBOS-Lloyds TSB [[2008 युनाइटेड किंगडम बैंक उद्धार प्याकेज|£ ५००bn बैंक उद्धार प्याकेज]] लियो। लयड्स बैंक र TSB व्यवसायहरू २०१३ मा पूर्ण रूपमा डिमर्जर र पुनर्स्थापनाको तयारीमा डिमर्ज गरिएको थियो। * '''२००९''' जुनमा [[ट्रान्सपोर्ट फर डिपार्टमेन्ट]] ले [[लन्डन र कन्टिनेन्टल रेलवे]] को नियन्त्रण लियो। .uk/press/speechesstatements/statements/londoncontrailwayslimited |archive-url= [http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100408173105/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/statements/londonmitedcontrailurlway http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/२०१००४०८१७३१०५/http://www.dft.gov.uk/press/speechesstatements/statements/londonmitedcontrailurlway]<nowiki> | -status= मृत | अभिलेख-मिति= ८ अप्रिल २०१० |शीर्षक=लन्डन र कन्टिनेन्टल रेलवे लिमिटेड (मौखिक कथन) |मिति=८ जुन २००९ |प्रकाशक= यातायात विभाग}}</nowiki><nowiki></ref></nowiki> *'''२००९''' १३ नोभेम्बरमा, [[सीधा सञ्चालित रेलवे]], एक सरकारी कम्पनीले [[इन्टरसिटी ईस्ट कोस्ट]] फ्रेंचाइजी लिएको थियो जुन [[नेशनल एक्सप्रेस ईस्ट कोस्ट]] लाई २००७ मा सम्मानित गरिएको थियो। £१.४ बिलियन प्रिमियम सात वर्षमा भुक्तान गर्नुपर्नेछ। राष्ट्रियकरण सेवा [[पूर्वी तट (ट्रेन सञ्चालन कम्पनी)|इस्ट कोस्ट]] को रूपमा सञ्चालन भएको थियो र [[लन्डन किङ्स क्रस रेलवे स्टेशन|लन्डन]] देखि [[लीड्स रेलवे स्टेशन|लीड्स]] र [[एडिनबर्ग वेभर्ले रेलवे सेवाहरू समावेश गरिएको थियो। स्टेशन|एडिनबर्ग]]। यो [[भर्जिन ट्रेन्स ईस्ट कोस्ट]] को साथ अप्रिल २०१५ मा निजी क्षेत्रमा फर्कियो। ==अन्य देशहरूद्वारा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको ब्रिटिश सम्पत्ति == *'''१९४०''' अर्जेन्टिना रेलवे *'''१९५३''' [[बीपी|ब्रिटिश पेट्रोलियम]]को इरानी सम्पत्ति (वास्तवमा एक अंश-राष्ट्रियकृत कम्पनीको अंशको राष्ट्रियकरण) *'''१९५६''' [[इजिप्ट|इजिप्टियन सरकार]] ले [[स्वेज नहर]] को राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, जसको स्वामित्व स्वेज नहर कम्पनीको थियो जुन अंश ब्रिटिश सरकारको स्वामित्वमा थियो। *'''१९६२''' [[सिलोन]] सरकारले आंशिक रूपमा ब्रिटिश स्वामित्वको [[रोयल डच शेल]] कम्पनीको सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो। *'''१९७५''' [[श्रीलंका|श्रीलंका सरकार]] ले ब्रिटिश स्वामित्वको [[रोपण]] कम्पनीहरूको सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। ==डेनमार्क == ==पोर्तुगल == *'''१९७४''': [[कार्नेशन रिभोलुसन]] पछिका वर्षहरूमा, [[Junta de Salvação Nacional]] र [[Processo Revolucionário Em Curso|Provisional Governments]] ले सबै बैंकिङ, बीमा, पेट्रोललाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरे। र औद्योगिक कम्पनीहरु। ती कम्पनीहरू मध्ये [[Companhia União Fabril]] (CUF), [[António Champalimaud|Champalimaud family]] र [[SONAE]] को सम्पत्तिहरू थिए। क्रान्तिअघि नै सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका दूरसञ्चार कम्पनीहरूसँगै, १९८० र १९९० को दशकमा धेरै राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएका कम्पनीहरूलाई पुनर्निमाण गरिएको थियो। [[पोर्चुगलमा कृषि|कृषि क्षेत्र]], सरकारी अनुमान अनुसार, लगभग {{convert|900000|ha|acre|abbr=off}} कृषि भूमि अप्रिल १९७४ र डिसेम्बर १९७५ बीच भूमिको नाममा कब्जा गरिएको थियो। सुधार; लगभग ३२% पेशाहरू अवैध रूपमा शासन गरिएको थियो। जनवरी १९७६ मा, सरकारले गैरकानूनी रूपमा कब्जा गरिएको जग्गालाई यसको मालिकहरूलाई फिर्ता गर्ने वाचा गर्यो, र १९७७ मा, यसले भूमि सुधार पुनरावलोकन कानून जारी गर्यो। अवैध रूपमा कब्जा गरिएको जग्गाको पुनर्स्थापना सन् १९७८ मा सुरु भयो। *'''२००८''': [[Banco Português de Negócios|BPN - Banco Português de Negócios]] बैंकलाई यसको पतन रोक्न राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। == १४. स्पेन == *'''१९२७-१९३०''' पेट्रोलियम उद्योगलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९४१''' [[स्पेनमा रेल यातायात ]] *'''१९४४''' एयरलाइनको राष्ट्रियकरण [[Iberia (एयरलाइन)|Iberia]] [[Instituto Nacional de Industria]] अन्तर्गत। *'''१९४५''' राज्यले टेलिफोन अपरेटर [[Telefónica]] को ७९% सेयर खरिद गर्दछ। *'''१९८३''' [[रुमासा]] को क्षतिपूर्ति बिना नै राष्ट्रियकरण। == एन्डोरा == == फ्रांस == फ्रान्समा राष्ट्रियकरण "[[Ancien Régime]]" अन्तर्गत संगठित 'राज्यहरू' वा राज्य एकाधिकारमा फर्किएको छ, उदाहरणका लागि, तंबाकू बिक्रीमा एकाधिकार। सञ्चार कम्पनीहरू [[फ्रान्स टेलिकम]] र [[ला पोस्टे (फ्रान्स)|ला पोस्टे]] राज्यको हुलाक र दूरसञ्चार एकाधिकारका अवशेषहरू हुन्। दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध पछि राष्ट्रियकरण क्षेत्रको ठूलो विस्तार भएको थियो।<ref name="Myers49">Myers (1949)</ref> १९८२ मा दोस्रो लहर पछ्याइएको थियो। *'''१९३८''' Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français ([[SNCF]]) (मूल रूपमा ५१% राज्य होल्डिंग, १९८२ मा १००% मा बढेर)<ref name="Myers49"/> *'''१९४५''' फ्रान्समा धेरै राष्ट्रियकरणहरू, जसमा सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण बैंकहरू ([[क्रेडिट लियोनाइस|क्रेडिट लियोनाइस]], [[Comptoir National d'escompte de Paris|le Comptoir National d'escompte de Paris]] र [[Société Générale|Société Générale]] अरूहरू मध्ये), बीमा क्षेत्र समावेश गर्ने योजना र कम्पनीहरू, र कार निर्माता [[रेनो]]।<ref name="Myers49"/> फर्म [[लुइसको लागि जफत गरिएको थियो। रेनो (उद्योगपति)|लुइस रेनो]]को [[नाजी जर्मनी]] संग कथित सहयोग, यद्यपि यो निन्दा बिना निर्णय र उनको मृत्यु पछि थियो, यो मामला उल्लेखनीय र दुर्लभ बनायो। पछिको निर्णय (१९४९) ले स्वीकार गर्यो कि रेनोको प्लान्टले कहिल्यै सहयोग नगरेको थियो। १९९६ मा आंशिक रूपमा निजीकरण गरिसकेपछि रेनो सफल र लाभदायक थियो र आज पनि सफल छ। फ्रान्सले २०१५ मा रेनोमा आफ्नो १५% अल्पसंख्यक शेयर होल्डिङ बढाएर १९% मा पुर्‍यायो। *'''१९४६''' [[चार्बोनेज डे फ्रान्स]], [[इलेक्ट्रिकाइट डे फ्रान्स]] (EdF), [[Gaz de France]] (GdF) राष्ट्रियकरण [[औद्योगिक र व्यावसायिक प्रकृतिको सार्वजनिक स्थापना|औद्योगिक र व्यावसायिक प्रकृतिका सार्वजनिक प्रतिष्ठानहरू]] *'''१९८२''' [[फ्रान्कोइस मिटररान्ड]]का [[फ्रान्सका लागि प्रस्तावहरू]] र [[जीन-पियरे चेभेनेमेन्ट]]को [[समाजवादी पार्टी (फ्रान्स)|समाजवादी पार्टीसँग गठबन्धनमा]का प्रस्तावहरू]] CERES गुट, फ्रान्सलाई स्पष्ट रूपमा समाजवादी 'पूँजीवादसँग ब्रेक' गर्न प्रतिबद्ध छ। पूर्ण राष्ट्रियकरण (१००%): [[Alcatel-Lucent|Compagnie Générale d'Electrcité]], the Compagnie Générale de Constructions Téléphoniques, Pechiney-Ugine-Kuhlmann, [[Rhône-Poulenc]], Saint-àin-Poulenc]] -मनसुन, थम्पसन-ब्रान्ड। आंशिक राष्ट्रियकरण (५१%+): [[डासाल्ट]], [[समूह बुल|हनीवेल-बुल]], [[मात्रा]], [[रोसेल युक्लाफ|रुसेल-उक्लाफ]], [[सेसिलोर]], [[कारखाना]]। १९८१ मा राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा Mitterrand [[1981 फ्रान्सेली राष्ट्रपति चुनाव|चुनाव]] को एक वर्ष भित्र फ्रान्सेली राज्यको आकार अभूतपूर्व स्तरमा लैजाने, ३९ बैंकहरू, दुई वित्तीय घरहरू, र SNCF को बाँकी ४९% पनि राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। । पेरिस क्षेत्रीय यातायात अपरेटर, [[RATP समूह]], पनि एक राष्ट्रियीकृत उद्योगको रूपमा गणना गर्न सकिन्छ। == मोनाको == == स्वीजरल्यान्ड == == लिचेस्टाइन == == लक्जेम्बर्ग == == बेल्जियम == == नेदरल्याण्ड == *'''२००८''' राज्यले बेल्जियम-डच बैंकिङ र बीमा कम्पनी [[फोर्टिस (वित्तीय)|फोर्टिस]] को डच गतिविधिहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गर्दछ, जुन अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय [[आर्थिक संकट २००७-को कारणले गर्दा समाधान हुने समस्यामा परेको थियो। 2008|वित्तीय संकट]]। *'''२०१३''' [[SNS बैंक]] राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ। एक वर्षभन्दा बढी समयदेखि निजी लगानीकर्ता पाउन नसक्दा समस्यामा परेको थियो । फेब्रुअरी १, २०१३ मा, [[Jeroen Dijsselbloem|Jeroen Dijselbloem]] ([[Ministry of Finance (Netherlands)|Dach Ministries of Finance]]) ले SNS राष्ट्रियकरण भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो। == जर्मनी == [[जर्मनीमा रेल यातायात|रेलवे]] [[पहिलो विश्वयुद्ध|प्रथम विश्वयुद्ध]] पछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। [[Deutsche Bahn]] को आंशिक निजीकरण २००८ मा योजना गरिएको थियो तर विश्व आर्थिक संकटका कारण रोकियो। २०२० सम्म निजीकरणको लागि कुनै योजना छैन। खननका ठूला खण्डहरू, [[जर्मनीमा बैंकिङ|बैंकिङ]], र ढुवानी उद्योगहरू या त सरकारी पैसामा निर्भर भए वा [[महामन्दी]] का कारण पूर्ण रूपमा [[वाइमार रिपब्लिक]] को हेरचाहमा राखियो। ; यी पछि नाजी शासन द्वारा १९३४ र १९३७ को बीच पुन: निजीकरण गरियो।<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bel|first1=Germà|title=Against the Mainstream: 1930s Germany मा नाजी निजीकरण|journal=The Economic History=Review|5=फेब्रुअरी 2010|volume=63|issue=1|pages=35–36|doi=10.1111/j.1468-0289.2009.00473.x|jstor=27771569|url=http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream /2445/11716/1/162.pdf|hdl=2445/11716|s2cid=154486694|hdl-access=free}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108142712/http://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/bitstream |date=2009-11-08 }}</ref> [[नाजी जर्मनी]] मा, निजी व्यवसायीहरूसँग सरकारी नीतिलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता थियो, र तिनीहरूमध्ये धेरैजसो उद्योगको राष्ट्रियकरण रोक्न खोज्ने ''Gewerbefreiheit'' - व्यापार स्वतन्त्रताको सिद्धान्तप्रति प्रतिबद्ध रहे।<ref name="थर्ड रिच 1994, पृष्ठ 16">[[रिचर्ड ओभरी|आर। जे. ओभरी]], ''वार एण्ड इकोनोमी इन द थर्ड रिच'', अक्सफोर्ड युनिभर्सिटी प्रेस, १९९४, पृ। 16</ref> तैपनि, दोस्रो विश्वयुद्धको दौडान नाजी सरकारले जितेका राष्ट्रहरूको सम्पत्ति जफत गरेपछि, ती सम्पत्तिहरू समाहित गर्न ५०० भन्दा बढी राज्य उद्यमहरू विस्तार गरियो, जसमध्ये सबैभन्दा ठूलो [[Reichswerke Hermann Göring|Hermann Göring Works]] (फलाम), प्राय: [[नाजी पार्टी]] उपकरण द्वारा संचालित। In [[East Germany]], most enterprises were nationalised in the years following World War II. After [[German reunification]], an agency called [[Treuhand]] was established to return them to private ownership, however many were [[liquidated]]. == इटाली == * '''१९०५''' रेलवेलाई [[फेरोवी डेलो स्टेटो]] को रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''१९७८''' राष्ट्रिय स्वास्थ्य सेवाको गठनले सबै नागरिकलाई नि:शुल्क स्वास्थ्य सेवा प्रदान गरेको छ, अझै पनि केही निजी खर्च छ तर ७७% सार्वजनिक छ। [[बेनितो मुसोलिनी|बेनिटो मुसोलिनी]] को शासनले राष्ट्रियकरण विस्तार गर्‍यो, [[Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale]] (IRI) लाई कार निर्माता [[अल्फा रोमियो]] सहित संघर्षरत फर्महरूका लागि राज्य होल्डिङ कम्पनीको रूपमा सिर्जना गर्‍यो। एक समानान्तर निकाय, Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi ([[Eni]]) राज्यको तेल र ग्याँस हितहरू व्यवस्थापन गर्न स्थापना गरिएको थियो। [[फासिस्ट इटाली (१९२२–१९४३)|फासिस्ट इटाली]]ले सन् १९३९ सम्म आफ्नो अर्थतन्त्रको तीन चौथाइभन्दा बढी राष्ट्रियकरण गरिसकेको थियो, [[सोभियत संघ] बाहेक अरू कुनै राष्ट्रभन्दा बढी। मुसोलिनीले यसअघि सन् १९३४ मा ‘इटालीको अर्थतन्त्रको तीन चौथाइ औद्योगिक र कृषि राज्यको हातमा छ’ भनी घमण्ड गरेका थिए।’ सन् १९३९ सम्ममा इटालियन राज्यले इटालीको ढुवानी र जहाज निर्माणको चार–पाँच भाग, सुँगुरको तीन चौथाइ हिस्सा ओगटेको थियो। फलाम उत्पादन, र लगभग आधा इस्पात उद्योग। == माल्टा == == सान मारिनो == == पोल्याण्ड == *'''१९४६:''' दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध पछि सोभियत-प्रायोजित [[राष्ट्रिय एकताको अस्थायी सरकार]] ले [[तीन-वर्षीय योजना]] अन्तर्गत ५० भन्दा बढी कर्मचारीहरू भएका सबै उद्यमहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। == चेक रिपब्लिक == *'''१९४५''' ठूलो उत्पादन उद्यमलाई [[राष्ट्रिय मोर्चा (चेकोस्लोभाकिया)|नेशनल फ्रन्ट]] सरकारले राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको। *'''१९४८''' [[क्लेमेन्ट गोटवाल्ड]]को [[चेकोस्लोभाकियाको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी|कम्युनिस्ट]] सरकार [[१९४८ चेकोस्लोभाक कू d'état]] पछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको सबै उत्पादन उद्यमहरू। == २९.स्लोभाकिया == == ३०.अस्ट्रिया == == ३१.हंगेरी == == ३२.स्लोभेनिया == == ३३.क्रोएसिया == [[युगोस्लाभिया]]को विभाजन कम्युनिस्टहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण। यस जग्गाको धेरैजसो पुनर्स्थापना र मोडेल पुनर्विचार गर्ने प्रक्रियामा छ। == ३४.बोस्निया र हर्जगोभोनिया == == ३५.सर्विया == == ३६.मोन्टेनिग्रो == == ३७.अल्बानिया == == ३८.मेसडोनिया == == ३९.ग्रीस == *'''१९७४''' [[ओलम्पिक एयरलाइन्स]] को राष्ट्रियकरण, ग्रीसको मुख्य एयरलाइन। यसको संस्थापक, [[एरिस्टोटल ओनासिस]] ले आफ्ना सबै शेयरहरू ग्रीक राज्यलाई बेचे। *'''२०११''' [[प्रोटोन बैंक]] [[ग्रीस वित्तीय संकट]] को बीचमा प्रभावकारी रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको छ। == ४०.बुल्गेरिया == == रोमानिया == * '''१९४८''' With the Decree ११९ of June ११, १९४८, the new [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Communist regime]] nationalised all private companies and their assets leading to the transformation of the economy from a [[market economy]] to a [[planned economy]]. * '''१९५०''' With the Decree ९२ of April १९, १९५०, a huge number of private houses and lands are confiscated.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Șerban |first=Mihaela |year=2014 |title=The Loss of Property Rights and the Construction of Legal Consciousness in Early Socialist Romania (1950–1965) |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43670428 |journal=[[Law & Society Review]] |volume=48 |issue=4 |pages=773–805 |doi=10.1111/lasr.12103 |jstor=43670428 }}</ref> == मोल्दोभा == == युक्रेन == =अफ्रिकामा राष्ट्रियकरण= == १. मोरक्को == == २. अल्जेरिया == == ३. ट्युनिसिया == == ४. लिबिया == == ५. इजिप्ट == *'''१९५६''' जुलाई २६, १९५६ [[इजिप्ट]]का राष्ट्रपति [[गमाल अब्देल नासेर]] [[स्वेज संकट|राष्ट्रियकरण]] [[स्वेज नहर कम्पनी]]को इजिप्टमा सम्पत्ति, [[स्वेज नहर]], र तिनीहरूलाई [[स्वेज नहर प्राधिकरण]] को नियन्त्रणमा राख्यो। == ६. मौरिटानिया == == ७. माली == == ८. सेनेगल == == ९. गाम्बिया == == १०. गिनी बिसाउ == == ११. गिनी == == १२. सियरा लियोन == == १३. लाइबेरिया == == १४. आइभरी कोस्ट == == १५. घाना == == १६. बुर्किना फासो == == १७. टोगो == == १८. बेनिन == == १९. नाइजर == == २०. नाइजेरिया == == २१. चाड == == २२. क्यामरुन == == २३. मध्य अफ्रिकी गणतन्त्र == == २४. उत्तर सुडान == == २५. दक्षिण सुडान == == २६. इरिट्रिया == == २७. जिबूती == == २८. इथियोपिया == == २९. सोमालिया == == ३०. इक्वेटोरियल गिनी == == ३१. ग्याबोन == == ३२. गणतन्त्र कंगो == == ३३. प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र कंगो == == ३४. युगान्डा == == ३५. केन्या == == ३६. रुवाण्डा == == ३७. बुरुन्डी == == ३८. तान्जानिया == == ३९. अंगोला == == ४०. जाम्बिया == == ४१. मलावी == == ४२. मोजाम्बिक == == ४३. नामिबिया == == ४४. बोत्सवाना == == ४५. जिम्बाब्वे == * [[जिम्बाब्वे]] ले यसको [[खाना वितरण]] पूर्वाधार राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको छ। == ४६. दक्षिण अफ्रिका == == ४७. लेसोथो == == ४८. स्वाजिल्याण्ड == == ४९. सेशेल्स == == ५०. कोमोरोस === == ५१. मेडागास्कर == == ५२. मौरिसस === == ५३. केप भर्डे == == ५४. साई टोम र प्रिन्सिपे == =(ङ) एशियामा राष्ट्रियकरण= == १. यमन == == २. ओमान == == ३. संयुक्त अरब इमिरेट्स == == ४. कतार == == ५. बहराइन == *'''१९७५-१९८०''' [[बहराइन पेट्रोलियम कम्पनी]] को तीन चरणहरूमा राष्ट्रियकरण, मूल रूपमा [[क्यानाडा]] [[क्यालिफोर्नियाको मानक तेल]] द्वारा १९२९ मा स्थापना भएको थियो। कम्पनीले सन् १९३२ मा [[बहराइन]] मा तेल फेला पारेको थियो र ४८ वर्षपछि पूर्ण रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। == ६. साउदी अरेबिया == * सरकारले सन् १९८० मा तेल उत्पादक कम्पनी [[आरामको]] लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो। == ७. कुवेत == == ८. इराक == == ९ जोर्डन == == १०. इजरायल == * '''१९८३''' प्रमुख बैंकहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण: [[बैंक हापोआलिम]], [[बैंक ल्युमी]], [[डिस्काउन्ट बैंक]], [[मिज्राची बैंक]] बैंक स्टक संकटको कारणले गर्दा १९८३। == ११. लेबनान == == १२. सिरिया == == १३. साइप्रस == == १४. टर्कीए == *'''१९२८-१९४०''' [[लौसेनको सन्धि (1923)|लौसेनको सन्धि (१९२३)]] द्वारा [[ओटोमन साम्राज्यको राजगद्दी]] को उन्मूलन पछि, विदेशी सहुलियतहरू दबाइयो, [[टर्कीमा रेल यातायात|रेल यातायात ]], [[विद्युत उत्पादन|विद्युत उत्पादन]] र [[विद्युत वितरण|वितरण]], [[टेलिफोन नेटवर्क]] र अन्य ठूला औद्योगिक फर्महरूलाई टर्की सरकारले सन् १९२८ र १९४० को बीचमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो।<ref>{{ cite web |url=http://www.guide-martine.com/history8.asp |title=Mustafa Kemal Atatürk |date= 17 अक्टूबर 2012 |work=Guide Martine |access-date=12 जनवरी 2014}}</ref > == १५. जर्जिया == == १६. आर्मेनिया == == १७. अजरबैजान == == १८. इरान == *'''१९५३''' [[इरान]]का प्रधानमन्त्री [[मोहम्मद मोसादेघ]]]ले इरानमा [[एङ्लो-पर्शियन आयल कम्पनी|एङ्लो-इरानी तेल कम्पनी]] लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरे। [[१९५३ इरानी कूप डी'एताट]] पछि यसलाई अन्ततः "[[सेभेन सिस्टर्स (तेल कम्पनीहरू)|सेभेन सिस्टर्स]]" भनेर चिनिने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय [[कन्सोर्टियम]] को रूपमा पुन: निजीकरण गरियो। *'''१९५३''' [[इरान]]का प्रधानमन्त्री [[मोहम्मद मोसादेघ]]ले इरानका सबै बसहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरे। == १९. अफगानिस्तान == == २०. सार्क राष्ट्र पाकिस्तानमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९७२''': जनवरी २, १९७२ मा, [[पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[जुल्फिकार अली भुट्टो]], [[पूर्वी पाकिस्तान]] टुटेपछि, सबै प्रमुखको राष्ट्रियकरणको घोषणा गरियो। कपडा उद्योग र जग्गा बाहेक फलाम र इस्पात, भारी इन्जिनियरिङ्, भारी विद्युत, पेट्रोकेमिकल, सिमेन्ट र सार्वजनिक उपयोगिताहरू लगायतका उद्योगहरू। [[अपरेशन फेयर प्ले]] मा प्रधानमन्त्री भुट्टोको अपदस्थ पछि यो प्रक्रिया प्रभावकारी रूपमा समाप्त भयो। *'''२०११''': डिसेम्बर १५, २०११ मा, [[पाकिस्तानका प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[युसुफ रजा गिलानी|युसुफ रजा गिलानी]] [[पाकिस्तान इन्टरनेशनल एयरलाइन्स|पीआईए] का सबै निजी शेयरहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। ]], [[पाकिस्तान रेलवे|रेलवे]], र [[पाकिस्तान स्टिल मिल्स|स्टील मिल्स]], राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेका उद्यमहरूको पूँजी उडानको सुरक्षा गर्न। एक ठूलो झटका मा सरकारमा आर्थिक उदारवादीहरूलाई, संघीय मन्त्रिपरिषद्ले पाकिस्तान स्टिल मिल सहित आठ ठूला सरकारी स्वामित्वका कम्पनीहरूको निजीकरणको विरुद्धमा निर्णय गर्‍यो। == २१. तुर्कमेनिस्तान == == २२. उजबेकिस्तान == == २३. ताजिकिस्तान == == २४. किर्गिजस्तान == == २५. कजाकिस्तान == == २६. चीनमा राष्ट्रियकरण == [[चीन गणतन्त्र (1912-1949)|रिपब्लिकन चाइना]] को अवधिमा, [[सन यात-सेन]] ले व्यापक भूमि सुधार र धेरै उद्योगहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Nationalisation in Taiwan|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/news_amp.php?unit=8&post=13799&unitname=Economics-Taiwan-Review&postname=Dr.-Sun-Yat-sen%27s-Land-Program-and-the-Nationalization-of-land}}</ref> [[माओ त्से तुङ]] अन्तर्गत जनवादी गणतन्त्र चीनको उदयले सबै निजी सम्पत्तिहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो, निजी स्वामित्वलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्‍यो, जमिनसमेत, र राज्यले उत्पादन र मूल्य स्तरहरू निर्धारण गर्यो। यी मध्ये केहीलाई १९७८ मा [[चिनियाँ आर्थिक सुधार|खुला प्रतिबन्धहरू]] पछि उल्टाइयो, जसले निजी र विदेशी लगानीलाई देशमा प्रवेश गर्न अनुमति दियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Nationalisation in China Economy| url=https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=61907}}</ref> [[ताइवानमा मार्शल ल|मार्शल ल अवधि]] र ताइवानमा लोकतान्त्रिकीकरणको अन्त्य पछि, गणतन्त्र चीनले धेरै सरकारी स्वामित्वका सम्पत्तिहरूलाई निजीकरण गर्न थाल्यो, त्यो पनि [[कुओमिनटाङ]] को स्वामित्वमा थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|title = Taiwan Marshall Law|https://taiwantoday.tw/news_amp.php?</ref> == २७. मंगोलिया == == २८. सार्क राष्ट्र भारतमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९४९''' (१ जनवरी) [[भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक #1935–1949|रिजर्व बैंक अफ इन्डिया]] राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rbi.org </ref> *'''१९५३''' [[एयर इन्डिया]] एयर कर्पोरेशन ऐन १९५३ अन्तर्गत। *'''१९५५''' [[इम्पेरियल बैंक अफ इन्डिया]] र यसका सहायक कम्पनीहरू ([[स्टेट बैंक अफ इन्डिया]] र यसका सहायकहरू) *'''१९६९''' [[भारतमा बैंकिङ#राष्ट्रियकरण|१४ भारतीय बैंकहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण]] *''''१९७२'''' [[भारतीय सामान्य बीमा निगम]] अन्तर्गत १०७ बीमा कम्पनीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण र पुनर्संरचना।<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailytools.in/InsuranceKnowledge/GeneralInsuranceBusinessAct|title = सामान्य बीमा व्यवसाय राष्ट्रियकरण अधिनियम - 1972 &#124; दैनिक उपकरण} }</ref> *'''१९७३''' [[भारतमा कोल खानी #कोल खानीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण|कोल उद्योग]] [[कोल इन्डिया लिमिटेड]] अन्तर्गत र [[भारतमा तेल र ग्यास उद्योग|तेल र ग्यास उद्योग]] अन्तर्गत [[तेल र प्राकृतिक ग्यास निगम]]।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.firstpost.com/business/dharmendra-pradhan-cites-nationalisation-act-to-back-why-ongc -avoided-open-offer-after-buying-hpcl-stake-4315709.html|title = Nationalisation of Coal Mine in India|Date = 23 जनवरी 2018}</ref> *'''१९८०''' अर्को [[भारतमा बैंकिङ#राष्ट्रियकरण|छ बैंक]] राष्ट्रियकरण। == २९. सार्क राष्ट्र नेपालमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *''''१९५१'''' क्रान्तिपछि सरकारले देशभर निजी र साम्प्रदायिक [[वन]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो।<ref>[http://www.environmentandsociety.org/tools/keywords/private-forests-nationalization -act-nepal नेपालमा निजी वन राष्ट्रियकरण ऐन], ''पर्यावरण र समाज'', अज्ञात।</ref> नेपालको संविधान २०७२ ले नागरिकको शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य र आवासको हकलाई मौलिक हकको रुपमा व्याख्या गरेको हुंदा यी तीनवटै क्षेत्रका साथै रोजगारमा समेत नागरिकको सहज पहूँचको लागि शिक्षा सेवा, स्वास्थ्य सेवा, जमीन तथा आवास र रोजगार सिर्जनामा राष्ट्रियकरण आवश्यक मात्र होइन ढिला नै भैसकेको छ। == ३०. सार्क राष्ट्र श्रीलंकामा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९७१''' ग्रेफाइट खानीहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, राज्य ग्रेफाइट कर्पोरेशन सिर्जना गरियो। *'''१९७२''' स्थानीय स्वामित्वमा रहेको चिया, रबर र नरिवलको बगैंचा राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka|date=2015|publisher=[[[ Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=274|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> *'''१ नोभेम्बर १९५७''' [[कातुनायके एयर बेस]] र [[ट्रिंकोमाली नौसेना बेस]] बेलायतबाट लिइएको।<ref name=Peeblesxxxii>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title =श्रीलंकाको ऐतिहासिक शब्दकोश|date=2015|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=xxxii|url=https://books.google.com/books ?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref> *'''१ जनवरी १९५८''' बस यातायात राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, [[सिलोन यातायात बोर्ड]] सिर्जना गरी।<ref name=Peeblesxxxii/><ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical श्रीलंकाको शब्दकोश|date=2015|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=61|url=https://books.google.com/books?id =50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=जब बस सेवाहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/081228/FunDay/fundaytimes_2.html|work=[[आइतबार टाइम्स (श्रीलंका)]]|date=28 डिसेम्बर 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ceylon Year Book 1959|publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Ceylon|page=xiii|url= http://noolaham.net/project/119/11885/11885.pdf}}</ref> * '''१ August १९५८''' [[Port of Colombo]] nationalised, creating the [[Port (Cargo) Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Origins|url=http://www.renukagroup.com/about_us/origins.php|publisher=Renuka Holdings PLC}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Colombo port nationalised|url=http://www.sundaytimes.lk/080803/FunDay/fundaytimes_2.html|work=[[The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka)]]|date=3 August 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Ceylon Year Book 1959|publisher=Department of Census and Statistics, Ceylon|page=xiv|url=http://noolaham.net/project/119/11885/11885.pdf}}</ref> * '''१४ January १९६१''' Private schools nationalised.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka|date=2015|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=xxxiii|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Chronologies of Tamils & Sri Lanka|url=http://www.sangam.org/2011/09/3_Chronologies.php?uid=4459&print=true|publisher=Ilankai Tamil Sangam|date=12 September 2011}}</ref> *'''२७ जुलाई १९६१''' [[बैंक अफ सिलोन]] राष्ट्रियकरण।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Peebles|first1=Patrick|title=Historical Dictionary of Sri Lanka|date=2015|publisher=[ [Rowman & Littlefield]]|isbn=978-1-4422-5585-2|page=54|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=50igCgAAQBAJ}}{{Dead link|date=July 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{ {साइड समाचार|शीर्षक=बैंक अफ सिलोन राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको 2008} }</ref> *'''१९६१''' बीमा उद्योग राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, [[श्रीलंका बीमा निगम]] सिर्जना गरियो।<ref>{{cite news|last1=Thangakone|first1=Jeya|title=श्रीलंकाको बीमा उद्योगको इतिहास र विकास |url=http://www.island.lk/2009/11/16/business2.html|work=[[द आइल्याण्ड (श्रीलंका)]]|date=16 नोभेम्बर 2009}}</ref> == ३१. सार्क राष्ट्र माल्दिभ्समा राष्ट्रियकरण == == ३२. सार्क राष्ट्र भुटानमा राष्ट्रियकरण == == ३३. सार्क राष्ट्र बंगलादेशमा राष्ट्रियकरण == *'''१९७१''' [[स्टेट बैंक अफ बंगलादेश]] को [[स्टेट बैंक अफ पाकिस्तान]] को पूर्वी भागमा निजी शेयरहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण गरेर स्थापना गरिएको थियो।<ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980) : [[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण]]{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core .ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 79।</ref> *'''१९७२-१९७४''' सन् १९७१ मा [[बंगलादेश]] स्वतन्त्र भएको तीन वर्षको अवधिमा सरकारले ७ सय ८६ औधोगिक संस्थालाई आफ्नो कब्जामा लिएको थियो। यो सङ्ख्यामा सरकारले ११ उद्योगमा ७६ जुट मिल, ५२ कपडा मिल, ३० टेक्सटाइल ट्यानरी, १७ इन्जिनियरिङ कम्पनी, १६ फूड उत्पादक, १५ चिनी मिल, १० कागज उद्योग कम्पनी, ९ वटा मल उद्योगमा रहेका २ सय ४५ प्रतिष्ठानलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरेको छ । र रासायनिक उद्योगहरू, ८ इस्पात कम्पनीहरू, ६ तेल र ग्यास कम्पनीहरू, र ६ वन उद्योगहरू|<ref>{{मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980): [https://core .ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] ।Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 154।</ref> सोही अवधिमा थप ३७५ राज्य-स्वामित्वका उद्यमहरू स्थापना भएका थिए, तर ३२० तिनीहरूलाई पछि बंगाली मालिकहरूलाई पुन: निजीकरणको लागि राखिएको थियो, जसमध्ये १९७८ सम्म २११ निजीकरण गरिएको थियो। बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण]<ref>{{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06- 24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 155।</ref> *'''१९७२''' मार्च २६, १९७२ मा, बंगलादेश सरकारले औपचारिक रूपमा (पश्चिम) पाकिस्तानी नागरिकहरूको सबै सम्पत्ति कब्जा गर्यो। १९७१-१९७४ मा कब्जा गरिएका धेरै उद्यमहरू पश्चिम पाकिस्तानीहरू (वर्तमान [[पाकिस्तान]] का नागरिकहरू) को स्वामित्वमा थिए जो युद्ध र स्वतन्त्रताको समयमा देश छोडेर भागेका थिए। *'''१९७२''' मार्च २६, १९७२ मा, सरकारले (पश्चिम) पाकिस्तानी र बंगलादेशी शेयरधारकहरूका १२ वटा वाणिज्य बैंकहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्‍यो। <ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (१९८०): [https://core.ac. .uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/ |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 68।</ref> *'''१९७५''' राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेका उद्यमहरूको ठूलो मात्रामा विनिवेश र अघिल्लो निजी मालिकहरूलाई क्षतिपूर्तिको प्रतिपूर्तिसँगै नीतिहरूको उल्टोपन सुरु भयो।<ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980): [https://core] .ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/ pdf/33334137.pdf|date=2021-06-24}}, डॉक्टरेट थीसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 146-147।</ref> *'''१९७७''' यस वर्ष, पहिले राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएका उद्यमहरूमध्ये कुल ३७१, अझै पनि राज्यको स्वामित्वमा छन्। लगभग ४०० कम्पनीहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरी निजी मालिकहरूलाई हस्तान्तरण गरिएको थियो। <ref>मुहम्मद फजलुल हसन युसुफ (1980): [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf बंगलादेशमा उद्योगहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624195422/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/33334137.pdf |date=2021-06-24 }}, डॉक्टरेट थेसिस, तस्मानिया विश्वविद्यालय, डिसेम्बर 1980, p 160-164।</ref> = एशियाका अन्य राष्ट्रहरुमा राष्ट्रियकरण = == ३४. म्यानमार == == ३५. थाइल्याण्ड == == ३६. लाओस == == ३७. कम्बोडिया == == ३८ भियतनाम == * '''१९८०''' मा [[भियतनामको संविधान|भियतनामको समाजवादी गणतन्त्रको संविधान]] अनुसार, किसानहरूको जग्गाको स्वामित्व गायब भयो, राज्यको स्वामित्वमा देश भरी भूमि थियो र मानिसहरूलाई भूमिको अस्थायी प्रयोगको अधिकार छ, ढिलो परिणामको रूपमा। सन् १९५३ देखि १९५६ सम्म [[भूमि सुधार इन उत्तर भियतनाम]] को।<ref>[http://vietnamese-law-consultancy.com/english/content/browse.php?action=shownews&category=&id=8&topicid=186 भियतनाममा स्वामित्व व्यवस्थाहरू]</ref> * '''१९७५''' मा [[साइगनको पतन]] पछि, सरकारले [[रिपब्लिक अफ साउथ भियतनाम|दक्षिण भियतनामको अस्थायी क्रान्तिकारी सरकार]] मा "जमीन मालिक" र "कम्प्राडोर" को लगभग सबै सम्पत्ति राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। चर्च र दक्षिण भियतनाम सरकारको। सबै निजी उद्यमहरू सडक बिक्रेताहरूलाई क्षतिपूर्ति बिना नै राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो, तर "छाया कम्पनीहरू" सञ्चालन जारी छन्। == ३९. मलेसिया == == ४०. सिंगापुर == == ४१. ब्रुनाई == == ४२. इन्डोनेसिया == *'''१९५३''' [[बैंक अफ जाभा]] राष्ट्रियकरण भयो, राष्ट्रियकरण पछि यो बैंक [[बैंक इन्डोनेसिया]] भयो। * '''१९५७''' [[पश्चिमी न्यू गिनी विवाद]] को उचाईको समयमा, डच कम्पनीहरू राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। *'''१९६४''' [[इन्डोनेसिया-मलेसिया टकराव|कन्फ्रन्टासी]] को उचाइमा, ब्रिटिश कम्पनीहरूलाई राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। *'''१९९८''' चार बैंकहरू [[[१९९७ एशियाई वित्तीय संकट|वित्तीय संकट]]] ([[बैंक दानामोन]], [[बैंक मध्य एशिया|बैंक बीसीए]], [[बैंक टियारा एशिया]], र [[इन्डोनेसियाको निजी विकास वित्त कम्पनी|बैंक PDFCI]])। == ४३. पूर्वी टिमोर == == ४४. फिलिपिन्स == [[फिलिपिन्स|फिलिपिन्स]] राष्ट्रपति [[फर्डिनान्ड मार्कोस]]को कार्यकालमा, [[फिलिपिन्स लामो दूरीको टेलिफोन कम्पनी]] (PLDT), [[फिलिपिन्स एयरलाइन्स]], [[मेराल्को]] जस्ता महत्त्वपूर्ण कम्पनीहरू। [[मनिला होटल]] राष्ट्रियकरण गरियो। अन्य कम्पनीहरू कहिलेकाहीँ यी सरकारी स्वामित्वका निगमहरूमा समाहित भएका थिए, साथै अन्य कम्पनीहरू, जस्तै [[राष्ट्रिय पावर कर्पोरेशन]] (नापोकोर) र [[फिलिपिन्स राष्ट्रिय रेलवे]], जुन आफ्नै अधिकारमा [[एकाधिकार]] (अपवाद मेराल्को र [[मनिला होटेल]] हुन्)। आज, यी कम्पनीहरूलाई पुन: निजीकरण गरिएको छ र केही, जस्तै PLDT र फिलिपिन्स एयरलाइन्स, एकाधिकार हटाइयो। अन्य, जस्तै [[सरकारको स्वामित्वमा रहेको र नियन्त्रित निगम]] नापोकोर, निजीकरणको प्रक्रियामा छन्। == ४५. दक्षिण कोरिया == *'''१९४६''' [[कोरियामा]] संयुक्त राज्य सेनाको सैन्य सरकार यी अब [[कोराइल]] को एक हिस्सा हो। == ४६. ​​उत्तर कोरिया == उत्तर कोरियामा [[सोभियत सिभिल एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन]] र [[वर्कर्स पार्टी अफ नर्थ कोरिया|वर्कर्स पार्टी]]-प्रभावित [[पीपल्स कमिटी अफ उत्तर कोरिया|अन्तिम सरकार]] द्वारा धेरै जग्गा, उद्यम र उद्योगहरूलाई पनि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध पछि, जुन पछि १९४८ मा [[उत्तर कोरिया|डेमोक्रेटिक जनवादी गणतन्त्र कोरिया]] भयो। == ४७. जापान == * '''१९०६''' [[रेलवे राष्ट्रियकरण ऐन]] १७ रेलवे कम्पनीहरूको राष्ट्रियकरण [[जापानमा रेल यातायात|राष्ट्रव्यापी रेलवे नेटवर्क]] बनाउनको लागि जुन पछि [[जापानी राष्ट्रिय रेलवे]] भनियो। *'''२००३''' [[रेसोना होल्डिङ्स]] बैंकको पुँजी पर्याप्तता निकै कम भएपछि प्रभावकारी रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''२०१०''' [[जापान एयरलाइन्स]] दिवालिया भएपछि राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। *'''२०१२''' [[टोक्यो इलेक्ट्रिक पावर कम्पनी]] [[फुकुशिमा दाइची आणविक प्रकोप]] पछि [[टोक्यो|टोकियो मेट्रोपोलिस]] द्वारा आंशिक रूपमा राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। = (च) ओसेनिया = == १. अस्ट्रेलिया == *'''१९४६''' [[दक्षिण अष्ट्रेलियाको सरकार|दक्षिण अष्ट्रेलियाको सरकार]] ले एडिलेड विद्युत आपूर्ति कम्पनीलाई [[दक्षिण अष्ट्रेलियाको विद्युतीय ट्रस्ट]] मा राष्ट्रियकरण गर्यो। *'''१९४८'''सरकारले [[बैंकिङ इन अष्ट्रेलिया|बैंकिङ उद्योग]]लाई राष्ट्रियकरण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, तर उक्त कार्यलाई [[अष्ट्रेलियाको उच्च अदालत]] ले असंवैधानिक घोषित गरेको थियो ''[[बैंक अफ न्यू साउथ वेल्स विरुद्ध कमनवेल्थ]]''।<ref name="Ref_a">[http://www.ccentre.wa.gov.au/ForSchools/Backgroundinformation/TheThreeArmsofGovernment/Pages/TheRoleoftheHighCourt.aspx पश्चिमी अस्ट्रेलियाको संवैधानिक केन्द्र | उच्च अदालतको भूमिका]</ref> *'''२०२३''' [[अष्ट्रेलियाको राजधानी क्षेत्रको सरकार]] राष्ट्रियकरण [[कलवरी अस्पताल, क्यानबेरा]]। == २.न्युजिल्याण्ड == *'''१९४५''' [[बैंक अफ न्यूजील्याण्ड]] राष्ट्रियकरण गरिएको थियो। यो पछि १९९२ मा [[राष्ट्रिय अस्ट्रेलिया बैंक]] लाई बेचियो। * '''२००१''' सरकारले [[Tranz Rail]] बाट [[Auckland]] रेलवे नेटवर्क खरिद गर्यो। *'''२००३''' श्रम सरकारले ठूलो आर्थिक इन्फ्युजनको सट्टामा दिवालिया भएको राष्ट्रिय वायु वाहक [[एयर न्युजिल्याण्ड]] मा ८०% हिस्सेदारी लियो। *'''२००४''' देशको बाँकी [[न्युजिल्याण्डमा रेल यातायात|रेल नेटवर्क]] [[टोल न्यूजील्याण्ड]] बाट खरिद गरिएको हो, पहिले ट्रान्ज रेल थियो। एउटा नयाँ [[राज्यको स्वामित्वमा रहेको उद्यम]], [[ONTRACK]], रेल पूर्वाधारलाई कायम राख्न स्थापना गरिएको थियो। *'''२००८''' टोल न्यूजील्याण्डको [[रोलिङ स्टक]] र फेरीहरू खरिद गरियो, रेल प्रणालीलाई राज्यको स्वामित्वमा ल्याएर, [[किवीरेल]] नामकरण गरियो। == ३.पपुवा न्यू गिनी == == ४.पलाउ == == ५.माइक्रोनेसिया == == ६.मार्शल टापुहरू == == ७.नाउरु == == ८.भानुआतु == == ९.सोलोमन टापुहरू == == १०.किरिबाटी == == ११.टुभालु == == १२.टोंगा == == १३.फिजी == == १४.सामोआ == = '''संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्य नरहेका देशहरुमा राष्ट्रियकरण''' = == १.कोसोभा == == २.प्यालेस्टाइन == == ३.पश्चिमी सहारा == == ४.टर्कीस साइप्रस == == ५.ताइवान == == ६.भ्याटिकन सिटी == =सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू= {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्रियकरण]] [[श्रेणी:सामाजिक लोकतन्त्र]] [[श्रेणी:आर्थिक प्रणाली]] dzs2yaeb198j9vm3qnchhmcbmtdet1q 0 140363 1358349 1354149 2026-06-08T05:32:34Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सूची */ 1358349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''विपक्षी दलको नेता''' नेपालको [[नेपालको सङ्घीय संसद|सङ्घीय संसद]] [[तल्लो सदन]]मा आधिकारिक विपक्षी दलको नेतृत्व गर्ने [[प्रतिनिधि सभा (नेपाल)|प्रतिनिधि सभा]] निर्वाचित सदस्य हुन्। [[विपक्षी नेता|विपक्षी दलका नेता]] भनेको सदनमा सबैभन्दा धेरै सिट भएको तर [[नेपाल सरकार|सरकार]] नभएको राजनीतिक दलको [[संसदीय दलको नेता]] हो।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kamat |first=Ram Kumar |date=2023-01-23 |title=Who is the leader of opposition in HoR? |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/who-is-the-leader-of-opposition-in-hor |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=The Himalayan Times |language=en}}</ref> हाल यस पदमा [[भीष्मराज आङदेम्बे]] छन्। प्रधान न्यायाधीश र [[नेपालका संवैधानिक निकायहरू|संवैधानिक निकाय]]का प्रमुख र पदाधिकारीहरूको नियुक्तिको सिफारिस गर्न संविधानको धारा २८४ मा संवैधानिक परिषद्को व्यवस्था अनुसार विपक्षी दलको नेता [[संवैधानिक परिषद्]]का सदस्य रहने व्यवस्था छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=प्रधानमन्त्री तथा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को कार्यालय नेपाल |first=सिंहदरबार, काठमाडौ |title=संवैधानिक निकायहरूका पदाधिकारीहरुको नियुक्ति सम्बन्धी कानूनी व्यवस्था |url=https://www.opmcm.gov.np/acts/संवैधानिक-निकायहरूका-पदा/ }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707074734/https://www.opmcm.gov.np/acts/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95-%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE/ |date=2024-07-07 }}</ref> ==सरकारी सुविधा== संघीय संसद्का पदाधिकारी तथा सदस्यहरूको पारिश्रमिक र सुविधासम्बन्धी ऐन, २०७३ अनुसार प्रमुख प्रतिपक्षी दलको नेताले राज्यबाट पर्याप्त सुविधा पाउँछन् । मासिक पारिश्रमिक ६० हजार ९७० रुपैयाँ, विशेष भत्ता १०००, बैठक भत्ता १०००, सञ्चार सुविधा ३०००, आवास सुविधा २५ हजार ६०८ रुपैयाँ प्रतिमहिना, फर्निचर खर्च १५००० एकमुष्ट र निजी सचिवालय बन्दोबस्त १ हजार ७५० रुपैयाँ प्रतिमहिना पाउँछन् । सवारी इन्धनतर्फ प्रतिमहिना २३० लिटर पेट्रोल/डिजेल र ५ लिटर मोबिल पाउँछन् । बिजुली र धारा शुल्कतर्फ २०००, दैनिक भ्रमण भत्ता २५०० प्रतिदिन र अतिथि सत्कार खर्च २००० प्रतिमहिना पाउँछन् । कर्मचारी सुविधाअन्तर्गत एकजना राजपत्रांकित द्वितीय श्रेणीको स्वकीय सचिव, एकजना कम्प्युटर अपरेटर, दुईजना सवारी चालक र दुईजना कार्यालय सहयोगी पाउँछन् । सुरक्षातर्फ सहायक निरीक्षकस्तरको एकजना अंगरक्षक, एकजना बिल्लादार गार्ड र १० जना सैनिक जवानसहितको सुरक्षा दस्ता प्राप्त हुन्छ । संसद् सचिवालयले विपक्षी दलको नेताको कार्यालय र कर्मचारी उपलब्ध गराउँछ । सरकारले निवाससमेत उपलब्ध गराउँछ र सरकारी निवास नलिए निजी निवास मर्मतसम्भार खर्च पनि सरकारले बेहोर्छ । == सूची == {| class="wikitable" |+प्रतिनिधि सभामा विपक्षी दलका नेता ! ! !नाम ! colspan="2" |पार्टी ! ! ! colspan="2" |प्रधानमन्त्री !संसद |- | style="text-align:center" |१ | |[[भरत शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|भरत शमशेर जबरा]] | bgcolor="#73a3de" | |[[नेपाल राष्ट्रवादी गोर्खा परिषद्]] |२७ मई १९५९ |१५ डिसेम्बर १९६० | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" rowspan="2" | |[[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला|बिश्वेश्वर प्रसाद कोइराला]] |[[आम निर्वाचन २०१५ का निर्वाचित सांसदहरू|प्रथम प्रतिनिधि सभा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |२ |[[चित्र:ManMohanAdhikari.jpg|155x155पिक्सेल]] |[[मनमोहन अधिकारी]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२६ मई १९९१ |३० नोभेम्बर १९९४ |[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]] |[[आम निर्वाचन २०४८ का निर्वाचित सांसदहरू|दोस्रो प्रतिनिधि सभा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |३ |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba,_at_Hyderabad_House,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_24,_2017.jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] |३० नोभेम्बर १९९४ |१२ सेप्टेम्बर १९९५ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[मनमोहन अधिकारी|मनमोहन अधिकारी]] | rowspan="5" |[[आम निर्वाचन २०५१ का निर्वाचित सांसदहरू|तेस्रो प्रतिनिधि सभा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(2)}} |[[चित्र:ManMohanAdhikari.jpg|155x155पिक्सेल]] |[[मनमोहन अधिकारी]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |१२ सेप्टेम्बर १९९५ |१२ मार्च १९९७ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(3)}} |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba,_at_Hyderabad_House,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_24,_2017.jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] |१२ मार्च १९९७ |७ अक्टोबर १९९७ | bgcolor="{{party color|Rastriya Prajatantra Party}}" rowspan="2" | |[[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(2)}} |[[चित्र:ManMohanAdhikari.jpg|155x155पिक्सेल]] |[[मनमोहन अधिकारी]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |७ अक्टोबर १९९७ |१५ अप्रिल १९९८ |[[सूर्यबहादुर थापा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |४ |[[चित्र:Bamdev_Gautam_February_2015_(cropped).jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] |[[वामदेव गौतम|बामदेव गौतम]] | bgcolor="indianred" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (माले)]] |१५ अप्रिल १९९८ |३१ मई १९९९ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" rowspan="5" | |[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]] |- | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center" |५ | rowspan="4" |[[चित्र:Madhav_Kumar_Nepal_2009-09-23.jpg|135x135पिक्सेल]] | rowspan="4" |[[माधवकुमार नेपाल|माधवकुमार नेपाल]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" rowspan="4" | | rowspan="4" |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] | rowspan="3" |३१ मई १९९९ | rowspan="3" |२३ मई २००२ |[[कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई|कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टाराई]] | rowspan="3" |[[आम निर्वाचन २०५६ का निर्वाचित सांसदहरू|चौथो प्रतिनिधि सभा]] |- |[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]] |- |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] |- |२८ अप्रिल २००६ |१८ अगस्त २००८ |[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]] |[[व्यवस्थापिका संसद (२०६३-२०६४)|अन्तरिम व्यवस्थापिका संसद]] |- | style="text-align:center" |६ |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Shri_Girija_Prasad_Koirala_being_seen_off_by_the_Union_Minister_of_Water_Resources,_Prof._Saif-ud-din_Soz_at_Indira_Gandhi_International_Airport_in_New_Delhi_on_April_06,_2007_(cropped).jpg|128x128पिक्सेल]] |[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] |१८ अगस्त २००८ |२५ मई २००९ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल|पुष्पकमल दहल]] | rowspan="4" |[[नेपालको पहिलो संविधान सभा|पहिलो संविधान सभा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |७ |[[चित्र:Prachanda_2009.jpg|133x133पिक्सेल]] |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |२५ मई २००९ |६ फेब्रुअरी २०११ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" rowspan="2" | |[[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |८ | rowspan="2" |[[चित्र:President_Ram_Chandra_Poudel,_Official_portrait_(January_2024).jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] | rowspan="2" |[[रामचन्द्र पौडेल|रामचन्द्र पाडेल]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gurubacharya |first=Binaj |date=2023-03-09 |title=Nepal elects new president amid political uncertainty |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-president-parliament-vote-kathmandu-e1fb6b22fb61995262574c3bc4ad14e7 |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=AP News |language=en}}</ref> | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2'" |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] | rowspan="2" |६ फेब्रुअरी २०११ | rowspan="2" |१४ मार्च २०१३ |[[झलनाथ खनाल|झलनाथ खनल]] |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[बाबुराम भट्टराई|बाबूराम भट्टाराई]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(7)}} | {| class="wikitable" |- |[[चित्र:Prachanda_2009.jpg|133x133पिक्सेल]] |} |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |११ फेब्रुअरी २०१४ |११ अक्टोबर २०१५ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[सुशील कोइराला]] | rowspan="3" |[[नेपालको व्यवस्थापिका संसद|दोस्रो संविधान सभा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |९ |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sushil_Koirala,_on_the_sidelines_of_the_third_Summit_of_the_Bay_of_Bengal_Initiative_for_Multi-Sectoral_Technical_and_Economic_Cooperation_(BIMSTEC),_at_Nay_Pyi_Taw.jpg|133x133पिक्सेल]] |[[सुशील कोइराला]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress }}" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2'" |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] |११ अक्टोबर २०१५ |९ फरवरी २०१६ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(3)}} |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba,_at_Hyderabad_House,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_24,_2017.jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] |मार्च २०१६ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deuba is the new Nepali Congress President |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2016/03/07/deuba-is-the-new-nepali-congress-president}}</ref> |४ अगस्त २०१६ |- | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center" |१० | rowspan="2" |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Shri_KP_Sharma_Oli_at_Bangkok,_in_Thailand_on_April_04,_2025_(cropped).jpg|129x129पिक्सेल]] | rowspan="2" |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" rowspan="2" | | rowspan="2" |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] | rowspan="2" |४ अगस्त २०१६ | rowspan="2" |१५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल|पुष्पकमल दहल]] | rowspan="2" |[[नेपालको व्यवस्थापिका संसद|व्यवस्थापिका संसद]] |- | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[चौथो देउवा मन्त्रिपरिषद्|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(3)}} |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba,_at_Hyderabad_House,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_24,_2017.jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] |१५ फेब्रुअरी २०१८ |१३ जुलाई २०२१ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]] | rowspan="2" |[[नेपालको पहिलो सङ्घीय संसद|पहिलो सङ्घीय संसद]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(10)}} |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Shri_KP_Sharma_Oli_at_Bangkok,_in_Thailand_on_April_04,_2025_(cropped).jpg|129x129पिक्सेल]] |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |१३ जुलाई २०२१ |२६ डिसेम्बर २०२२ | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[पाँचौँ देउवा मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०७८|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(3)}} |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba,_at_Hyderabad_House,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_24,_2017.jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=NC recognised as main opposition party |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/amp/nc-recognized-as-main-opposition-party/news.html.twig }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512043507/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/amp/nc-recognized-as-main-opposition-party/news.html.twig |date=2024-05-12 }}</ref> | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] |२६ डिसेम्बर २०२२ |२७ फरवरी २०२३ | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" rowspan="3" | | rowspan="3" |[[तेस्रो प्रचण्ड मन्त्रिपरिषद्|पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] | rowspan="4" |[[नेपालको दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद|दोस्रो सङ्घीय संसद]] |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(10)}} |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Shri_KP_Sharma_Oli_at_Bangkok,_in_Thailand_on_April_04,_2025_(cropped).jpg|129x129पिक्सेल]] |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=UML pulls out of government |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/02/27/uml-pulls-out-of-government-1677481576}}</ref> | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (एकीकृत मार्क्सवादी-लेनिनवादी)|नेकपा (एमाले)]] |२७ फरवरी २०२३ |४ मार्च २०२४ |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(3)}} |[[चित्र:The_Prime_Minister_of_Nepal,_Mr._Sher_Bahadur_Deuba,_at_Hyderabad_House,_in_New_Delhi_on_August_24,_2017.jpg|134x134पिक्सेल]] |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा|शेरबहादुर देउबा]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] |४ मार्च २०२४ |१४ जुलाई २०२४ |- | style="text-align:center" |{{Small|(7)}} |[[चित्र:Prime_Minister_of_Nepal_Pushpa_Kamal_Dahal_"Prachanda".jpg|126x126पिक्सेल]] |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=चार घुम्ती मोडिएपछि सत्ताबाहिर दाहाल |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2024/07/12/dahals-exit-from-power-39-13.html |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref> | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre)}}" | |[[नेपाल कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी (माओवादी केन्द्र)|नेकपा (माओवादी केन्द्र)]] |१४ जुलाई २०२४ | | bgcolor="{{party color|Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist)}}" | |[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=चौथो पटक प्रधानमन्त्री बन्दै ओली, मन्त्री छान्न गठबन्धनको गृहकार्य |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2024/07/14/oli-becoming-the-prime-minister-for-the-fourth-time-the-alliances-homework-to-choose-ministers-01-12.html |access-date=2024-07-14 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref> |- | style="text-align: center;" |११ |११ |[[भीष्मराज आङदेम्बे|भीष्म राज आङदेम्बे]] | bgcolor="{{party color|Nepali Congress}}" | |[[नेपाली काङ्ग्रेस|नेपाली काँग्रेस]] | |विद्यमान | |[[बालेन शाह]] |[[बालेन शाह मन्त्रिपरिषद्]] |} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको सङ्घीय संसद]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास (२०६५–हाल)]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल सरकार]] [[श्रेणी:संसदीय व्यवस्था]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास (२००७–२०६५)]] 5fss5xf00ajoiyzjqz4cefadzszog7l 0 141540 1358330 1356929 2026-06-08T04:18:03Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* प्रयोग */ 1358330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''एसिटिलीन''' (प्रणालीगत नामः '''Ethyne''') सूत्र र संरचना भएको [[रासायनिक यौगिक]] हो। यो एक [[हाइड्रोकार्बन]] र सबैभन्दा सरलतम अल्काइन हो। यो रंगहीन ग्यास व्यापक रूपमा [[इन्धन]] र रासायनिक निर्माण ब्लकको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यो यसको शुद्ध रूपमा अस्थिर हुन्छ र यसैले सामान्यतया घोलको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ । शुद्ध एसिटिलीन गन्धहीन हुन्छ, तर व्यावसायिक ग्रेडहरूमा सामान्यतया डिभाइनिल सल्फाइड र फस्फिन जस्ता अशुद्धताहरूको कारण गन्ध हुन्छ।<ref name="msds">Compressed Gas Association (1995) [http://www.stoodyind.com/Safety/MSDS/Acetylene.pdf Material Safety and Data Sheet – Acetylene] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711030340/http://www.stoodyind.com/safety/msds/Acetylene.pdf|archivedate=2022-10-09|date=11 July 2012}}</ref> एसिटिलीन एक अल्काइन भएकाले असंतृप्त ([[:en:Saturated_and_unsaturated_compounds|unsaturated]] Hydrocarbon) हुन्छ किनभने यसका दुई कार्बन परमाणुहरू ट्रिपल बोन्ड एकसाथ बाँधिएका हुन्छन्। कार्बन-कार्बन ट्रिपल बोन्डले सबै चार परमाणुहरूलाई एउटै सिधा रेखामा राख्छ, जसमा १८०° को CCH बन्धन कोणहरू छन्।<ref>Whitten K. W., Gailey K. D. and Davis R. E. ''General Chemistry'' (4th ed., Saunders College Publishing 1992), pp. 328–329, 1046. {{ISBN|0-03-072373-6}}</ref> == तयारी == === हाइड्रोकार्बनको आंशिक दहन === १९५० देखि, अमेरिका, ईयू को धेरै देश, र अन्य धेरै देशहरूमा एसिटिलीनको उत्पादन मुख्यतया [[मिथेन]]को आंशिक दहन (Partial combustion) बाट गरिन्छ <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Habil |first=Phil |last2=Bartholoméa |first2=E. |date=1954 |title=Probleme großtechnischer Anlagen zur Erzeugung von Acetylen nach dem Sauerstoff-Verfahren (Problems of large-scale plants for the production of acetylene by the oxygen method) |journal=Chemie Ingenieur Technik |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=253–258 |doi=10.1002/cite.330260503}}</ref> === एल्केनहरूको डिहाइड्रोजनेसन === पेट्रोलियम र प्राकृतिक ग्यासमा रहेको सबैभन्दा भारी [[अल्केन]]लाई हल्का अणुहरूमा तोडिन्छ जुन उच्च तापक्रममा डिहाइड्रोजनेटेड हुन्छन्ः === कार्बोकेमिकल विधि === एडमन्ड डेभीले पहिलो पटक एसिटिलीन सन् १८३६ मा पोस्टासियम कार्बाइडको माध्यमबाट उत्पादन गरेका थिए। एसिटिलीन ऐतिहासिक रूपमा क्याल्सियम कार्बाइडको हाइड्रोलिसिस (पानीसँग प्रतिक्रिया) विधिद्वारा उत्पादन गरिएको थियो।   यो प्रतिक्रिया १८६२ मा फ्रेडरिक व्होलरले पत्ता लगाएको थियो, तर एक उपयुक्त व्यावसायिक स्तरमा उत्पादन विधि १८९२ मा क्यानाडाली आविष्कारक थोमस विल्सन एल्युमिनियमको लागि एक व्यवहार्य व्यावसायिक उत्पादन विधि खोज्दा फेला पारे।<ref name="Willson">{{Cite web |date=1998 |title=A National Historic Chemical Landmark - Discovery of the Commercial Processes For Making Calcium Carbide and Acetylene - Commemorative Booklet |url=https://www.acs.org/content/dam/acsorg/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/calciumcarbideacetylene/commericialization-of-calcium-carbide-and-acetylene-commemorative-booklet.pdf |access-date=10 October 2024 |website=American Chemical Society |publisher=ACS Office of Communications}}</ref> [[२१औँ शताब्दी|२१ औं शताब्दी]]को सुरुमा, चीन, जापान र पूर्वी युरोपले मुख्यतया यस विधिद्वारा एसिटिलीन उत्पादन गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology}}</ref> कोइला-आधारित रासायनिक उद्योगमा जोड दिएर, चीनको उल्लेखनीय अपवादका साथ यस प्रविधिको प्रयोग विश्वव्यापी रूपमा घटेको छ। कम कार्बनको मात्राको कारणले [[खनिज तेल|तेल]]ले मुख्य स्रोतको रूपमा [[कोइला]]लाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेको छ।<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry|date=2013}}</ref> == प्रयोग == === वेल्डिङ === लगभग २०% एसिटिलीन औद्योगिक ग्याँस उद्योगमा अक्सीसेटिलीन [[ग्यास वेल्डिङ]]मा र ज्वालाको उच्च तापमानको कारण काट्नको लागि प्रयोग गरिन्छ। अक्सिजनमा एसिटिलिनको दहनले {{Convert|3600|K|C F}} भन्दा बढीको ज्वाला उत्पादन गर्दछ, जसमा प्रतिग्राम ११.८ किलोजुल उत्सर्जन हुन्छ । एसिटिलीनको साथ अक्सिजन सबैभन्दा तातो जल्ने सामान्य ग्यास मिश्रण हो। एसिटिलीन dicyanoacetylene को {{Convert|5260|K|C F}} K (4,990 °C) 9,010 °F र {{Convert|4798|K|C F}} K (4,525 °C) 8,177 °F मा साइनोजेन पछि तेस्रो-सबैभन्दा तातो प्राकृतिक रासायनिक ज्वाला हो। विगतका दशकहरूमा [[अक्सी-एसिटिलीन वेल्डिङ]] एउटा लोकप्रिय [[वेल्डिङ]] प्रक्रिया थियो। [[आर्क वेल्डिङ]] प्रक्रियाको विकास र फाइदाहरूले धेरै उपयोगिताहरुमा अक्सी-ईन्धनवेल्डिङलाई लगभग अवस्थामा पुगेको छ । वेल्डिङका लागि एसिटिलीनको प्रयोग उल्लेखनीय रूपमा घटेको छ। बिजुली सजिलै पहुँचयोग्य नभएको क्षेत्रमा अक्सी-एसिटिलीन वेल्डिङ पनि प्रयोग गर्न सकिन्छ। धेरै धातु निर्माण कार्य शालाहरूमा अक्सीसेटिलीन काट्ने प्रयोग गरिन्छ। वेल्डिंग र काट्नेमा प्रयोगको लागि, काम गर्ने दबावहरू रेगुलेटरबाट नियन्त्रण गर्नुपर्दछ, किनकि {{Convert|15|psi|abbr=on}} पी (100 केपीए) भन्दा माथि यदि शकवेभको सम्भावना हुन्छ भने (उदाहरणका लागि, फ्ल्यासब्याक), एसिटिलीन [[हाइड्रोजन]] र [[कार्बन]]मा टुक्रिएर विस्फोट हुन्छ।<ref>[http://www.esabna.com/euweb/oxy_handbook/589oxy3_3.htm ESAB Oxy-acetylene welding handbook – Acetylene properties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510192947/https://www.esabna.com/euweb/oxy_handbook/589oxy3_3.htm|date=10 May 2020}}.</ref> === रसायन === एसिटिलीन धेरै रसायन प्रक्रियाहरूका लागि उपयोगी छ, तर थोरै व्यावसायिक स्तरमा सञ्चालन गरिन्छ।<ref name="trot">{{Cite journal |last=Trotuş |first=Ioan-Teodor |last2=Zimmermann |first2=Tobias |last3=Schüth |first3=Ferdi |date=2014 |title=Catalytic Reactions of Acetylene: A Feedstock for the Chemical Industry Revisited |journal=Chemical Reviews |volume=114 |issue=3 |pages=1761–1782 |doi=10.1021/cr400357r |pmid=24228942 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == प्राकृतिक उपस्थिति == == सुरक्षा र व्यवस्थापन == एसिटिलीन विषाक्त हुँदैन, तर जब क्याल्सियम कार्बाइडबाट उत्पादन गरिन्छ यसले विषाक्त अशुद्धताहरू जस्तै फस्फिन र अर्सिनको ट्रेसहरू समावेश गर्न सक्छ, जसले यसलाई [[लसुन]] जस्तो फरक गन्ध दिन्छ। यो अत्यधिक ज्वलनशील पनि छ, जस्तै धेरै हल्का हाइड्रोकार्बनहरू, त्यसैले वेल्डिङमा यसको प्रयोग हुन्छ। यसको सबैभन्दा एकल खतरा यसको आन्तरिक अस्थिरतासँग सम्बन्धित छ, विशेष गरी जब यो दबाब हुन्छः केही अवस्थामा एसिटिलीनले एक्जोथर्मिक प्रतिक्रिया गर्न सक्छ , सामान्यतया बेन्जेन, सम्भवतः [[कार्बन]] र [[हाइड्रोजन]] अतिरिक्त, धेरै उत्पादनहरू बन्छ । एसिटिलीन सिलिन्डरहरू प्रयोगको समयमा एसिटोन बन्न नदिनबाट बच्नको लागि सिधा ठाडो स्थितिमा प्रयोग गर्नुपर्छ।<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=EIGA Code of Practice: Acetylene |url=http://eiga.web1.apollo-com.be/fileadmin/docs_pubs/Doc_123_13_Code_of_Practice_Acetylene.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014426/http://eiga.web1.apollo-com.be/fileadmin/docs_pubs/Doc_123_13_Code_of_Practice_Acetylene.pdf |archive-date=1 December 2016 |access-date=2016-11-30 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161201014426/http://eiga.web1.apollo-com.be/fileadmin/docs_pubs/Doc_123_13_Code_of_Practice_Acetylene.pdf |date=2016-12-01 }}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{reflist}} [[श्रेणी:अल्काइन]] 1dbjd5g685zmebsguvc8swz2f2c5cnp 828 144307 1358285 1284018 2026-06-07T15:25:13Z Biplab Anand 13653 उद्यतन गरियो 1358285 Scribunto text/plain require('strict') local p = {} local en = require('Module:ConvertDigitRevert').ne_to_en local ne_module = require('Module:ConvertDigit')._main local function ne(value) return ne_module(tostring(value)) end local horizontal = require('Module:List').horizontal --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Globals ]] --[[==========================================================================]] local currtitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() local nexistingcats = 0 local errors = '' local testcasecolon = '' local testcases = string.match(currtitle.subpageText, '^परीक्षण') if testcases then testcasecolon = ':' end local navborder = true local followRs = true local skipgaps = false local skipgaps_limit = 50 local term_limit = 10 local hgap_limit = 6 local ygap_limit = 5 local listall = false local tlistall = {} local tlistallbwd = {} local tlistallfwd = {} local ttrackingcats = { --when reindexing, Ctrl+H 'trackcat(13,' & 'ttrackingcats[16]' '', -- [1] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using cat parameter]] '', -- [2] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using testcase parameter]] '', -- [3] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using unknown parameter]] '', -- [4] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range not using en dash]] '', -- [5] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range abbreviated (MOS)]] '', -- [6] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (base change)]] '', -- [7] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (var change)]] '', -- [8] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (end)]] '', -- [9] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (MOS)]] '', --[10] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range redirected (other)]] '', --[11] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range gaps]] '', --[12] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range irregular]] '', --[13] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length]] '', --[14] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range ends (present)]] '', --[15] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation range ends (blank, MOS)]] '', --[16] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation isolated]] '', --[17] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation default season gap size]] '', --[18] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation decade redirected]] '', --[19] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year redirected (base change)]] '', --[20] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year redirected (var change)]] '', --[21] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year redirected (other)]] '', --[22] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation roman numeral redirected]] '', --[23] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation nordinal redirected]] '', --[24] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation wordinal redirected]] '', --[25] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation TV season redirected]] '', --[26] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation using skip-gaps parameter]] '', --[27] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year and range]] '', --[28] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation year and decade]] '', --[29] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation decade and century]] '', --[30] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation in mainspace]] '', --[31] placeholder for [[Category:Category series navigation redirection error]] } local avoidself = (not string.match(currtitle.text, 'Category series navigation with') and not string.match(currtitle.text, 'Category series navigation.*/doc') and not string.match(currtitle.text, 'Category series navigation.*/sandbox') and currtitle.text ~= 'Category series navigation' and currtitle.nsText:gsub('_', ' ') ~= 'प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता' and -- [[phab:T369784]] currtitle.nsText:gsub('_', ' ') ~= 'ढाँचा वार्ता' and (currtitle.nsText ~= 'ढाँचा' or testcases)) --avoid nested transclusion errors (i.e. {{Infilmdecade}}) --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Utility & category functions ]] --[[==========================================================================]] --Determine if a category exists (in a function for easier localization). local function catexists( title ) return mw.title.new( title, 'Category' ).exists end --Error message handling. function p.errorclass( msg ) return mw.text.tag( 'span', {class='error mw-ext-cite-error'}, '<b>त्रुटि!</b> '..string.gsub(msg, '&#', '&amp;#') ) end --Failure handling. function p.failedcat( errors, sortkey ) if avoidself then return (errors or '')..'&#42;&#42;&#42;Category series navigation failed to generate navbox***'.. '[['..testcasecolon..'श्रेणी:Category series navigation failed to generate navbox|'..(sortkey or 'O')..']]\n' end return '' end --Tracking cat handling. -- key: 15 (when reindexing ttrackingcats{}, Ctrl+H 'trackcat(13,' & 'ttrackingcats[16]') -- cat: 'Category series navigation isolated'; '' to remove --Used by main, all nav_*(), & several utility functions. local function trackcat( key, cat ) if avoidself and key and cat then if cat ~= '' then ttrackingcats[key] = '[['..testcasecolon..'श्रेणी:'..cat..']]' else ttrackingcats[key] = '' end end return end --Check for unknown parameters. --Used by main only. local function checkforunknownparams( tbl ) local knownparams = { --parameter whitelist ['min'] = 'min', ['max'] = 'max', ['cat'] = 'cat', ['show'] = 'show', ['testcase'] = 'testcase', ['testcasegap'] = 'testcasegap', ['skip-gaps'] = 'skip-gaps', ['list-all-links'] = 'list-all-links', ['follow-redirects'] = 'follow-redirects', } for k, _ in pairs (tbl) do if knownparams[k] == nil then trackcat(3, 'Category series navigation using unknown parameter') break end end end --Check for nav_*() navigational isolation (not necessarily an error). --Used by all nav_*(). local function isolatedcat() if nexistingcats == 0 then trackcat(16, 'Category series navigation isolated') end end --Returns the target of {{Category redirect}}, if it exists, else returns the original cat. --{{Title year}}, etc., if found, are evaluated. --Used by catlinkfollowr(), and so indirectly by all nav_*(). local function rtarget( frame, cat ) local catcontent = mw.title.new( cat or '', 'Category' ):getContent() if string.match( catcontent or '', '{{ *[Cc]at' ) then --prelim test local getRegex = require('Module:Template redirect regex').main local tregex = getRegex('Category redirect') for _, v in pairs (tregex) do local rtarget = mw.ustring.match( catcontent, v..'%s*|%s*([^|}]+)' ) if rtarget then if string.match(rtarget, '{{') then --{{Title year}}, etc., exists; evaluate local regex_ty = '%s*|%s*([^{}]*{{([^{|}]+)}}[^{}]-)%s*}}' --eval null-param templates only; expanded if/as needed local rtarget_orig, ty = mw.ustring.match( catcontent, v..regex_ty ) if rtarget_orig then local ty_eval = frame:expandTemplate{ title = ty, args = { page = cat } } --frame:newChild doesn't work, use 'page' param instead local rtarget_eval = mw.ustring.gsub(rtarget_orig, '{{%s*'..ty..'%s*}}', ty_eval ) return rtarget_eval else --sub-parameters present; track & return default trackcat(31, 'Category series navigation redirection error') end end rtarget = mw.ustring.gsub(rtarget, '^1%s*=%s*', '') rtarget = string.gsub(rtarget, '^[Cc]ategory:', '') return rtarget end end --for end --if return cat end --Similar to {{LinkCatIfExists2}}: make a piped link to a category, if it exists; --if it doesn't exist, just display the greyed link title without linking. --Follows {{Category redirect}}s. --Returns { -- ['cat'] = cat, -- ['catexists'] = true, -- ['rtarget'] = <#R target>, -- ['navelement'] = <#R target navelement>, -- ['displaytext'] = displaytext, -- } -- if #R followed; --returns { -- ['cat'] = cat, -- ['catexists'] = <true|false>, -- ['rtarget'] = nil, -- ['navelement'] = <cat navelement>, -- ['displaytext'] = displaytext, -- } -- otherwise. --Used by all nav_*(). local function catlinkfollowr( frame, cat, displaytext, displayend, listoverride ) cat = mw.text.trim(cat or '') displaytext = mw.text.trim(displaytext or '') displayend = displayend or false --bool flag to override displaytext IIF the cat/target is terminal (e.g. "2021–present" or "2021–") local disp = cat if displaytext ~= '' then --use 'displaytext' parameter if present disp = mw.ustring.gsub(displaytext, '%s+%(.+$', ''); --strip any trailing disambiguator end local link, nilorR local exists = catexists(cat) if exists then nexistingcats = nexistingcats + 1 if followRs then local R = rtarget(frame, cat) --find & follow #R if R ~= cat then --#R followed nilorR = R end if displayend then local y, hyph, ending = mw.ustring.match(R, '^.-(%d+)([–-])(.*)$') if ending == 'present' then disp = y..hyph..ending elseif ending == '' then disp = y..hyph..'<span style="visibility:hidden">'..y..'</span>' --hidden y to match spacing end end link = '[[:श्रेणी:'..R..'|'..disp..']]' else link = '[[:श्रेणी:'..cat..'|'..disp..']]' end else link = '<span class="categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive">'..disp..'</span>' end if listall and listoverride == nil then if nilorR then --#R followed table.insert( tlistall, '[[:श्रेणी:'..cat..']] → '..'[[:श्रेणी:'..nilorR..']] ('..link..')' ) else --no #R table.insert( tlistall, '[[:श्रेणी:'..cat..']] ('..link..')' ) end end return { ['cat'] = cat, ['catexists'] = exists, ['rtarget'] = nilorR, ['navelement'] = link, ['displaytext'] = disp, } end --Returns a numbered list of all {{Category redirect}}s followed by catlinkfollowr() -> rtarget(). --For a nav_hyphen() cat, also returns a formatted list of all cats searched for & found, & all loop indices. --Used by all nav_*(). local function listalllinks() local nl = '\n# ' local out = '' if currtitle.nsText == 'श्रेणी' then errors = p.errorclass('<b><code>|list-all-links=yes</code></b> प्यारामिटर '.. 'श्रेणी नामपदहरूमा प्रयोग गर्नु हुँदैन, मात्रै पूर्वावलोकन गर्नु पर्छ।') out = p.failedcat(errors, 'Z') end local bwd, fwd = '', '' if tlistallbwd[1] then bwd = '\n\nbackward search:'..nl..table.concat(tlistallbwd, nl) end if tlistallfwd[1] then fwd = '\n\nforward search:'..nl..table.concat(tlistallfwd, nl) end if tlistall[1] then return out..nl..table.concat(tlistall, nl)..bwd..fwd else return out..nl..'No links found!?'..bwd..fwd end end --Returns the difference b/w 2 ints separated by endash|hyphen, nil if error. --Used by nav_hyphen() only. local function find_duration( cat ) local from, to = mw.ustring.match(cat, '(%d+)[–-](%d+)') if from and to then if to == '00' then return nil end --doesn't follow MOS:DATERANGE if (#from == 4) and (#to == 2) then --1900-01 to = string.match(from, '(%d%d)%d%d')..to --1900-1901 elseif (#from == 2) and (#to == 4) then -- 01-1902 from = string.match(to, '(%d%d)%d%d')..from --1901-1902 end return (tonumber(to) - tonumber(from)) end return 0 end --Returns the ending of a terminal cat, and sets the appropriate tracking cat, else nil. --Used by nav_hyphen() only. local function find_terminaltxt( cat ) local terminaltxt = nil if mw.ustring.match(cat, '%d+[–-]present$') then terminaltxt = 'present' trackcat(14, 'Category series navigation range ends (present)') elseif mw.ustring.match(cat, '%d+[–-]$') then terminaltxt = '' trackcat(15, 'Category series navigation range ends (blank, MOS)') end return terminaltxt end --Returns an unsigned string of the 1-4 digit decade ending in "0", else nil. --Used by nav_decade() only. local function sterilizedec( decade ) if decade == nil or decade == '' then return nil end local dec = string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d?%d?%d?0)$') or string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d?%d?%d?0)%D') if dec then return dec else --fix 2-4 digit decade local decade_fixed234 = string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d%d?%d?)%d$') or string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d%d?%d?)%d%D') if decade_fixed234 then return decade_fixed234..'0' end --fix 1-digit decade local decade_fixed1 = string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d)$') or string.match(decade, '^[-%+]?(%d)%D') if decade_fixed1 then return '0' end --unfixable return nil end end --Check for nav_hyphen default gap size + isolatedcat() (not necessarily an error). --Used by nav_hyphen() only. local function defaultgapcat( bool ) if bool and nexistingcats == 0 then --using "nexistingcats > 0" isn't as useful, since the default gap size obviously worked trackcat(17, 'Category series navigation default season gap size') end end --12 -> 12th, etc. --Used by nav_nordinal() & nav_wordinal(). function p.addord(i) if tonumber(i) then local s = tostring(i) local tens = string.match(s, '%d%d$') if tens then if tens == '10' then return s .. 'म' else return s .. 'श' end end local ones = string.match(s, '%d$') if ones == '1' or ones == '5' or ones == '7' or ones == '8' or ones == '9' or ones == '10' then return s .. 'म' elseif ones == '2' or ones == '3' then return s .. 'औँ' elseif ones == '4' then return s .. 'র্থ' elseif ones == '6' then return s .. 'ষ্ঠ' else return s .. 'শ' end end return i end --Returns the properly formatted central nav element. --Expects an integer i, and a catlinkfollowr() table. --Used by nav_decade() & nav_ordinal() only. local function navcenter( i, catlink ) if i == 0 then --center nav element if navborder == true then return '<b>'..catlink.displaytext..'</b>' else return '<b>'..catlink.navelement..'</b>' end else return catlink.navelement end end --Wrap one or two navs in a <div> with ARIA attributes; add TemplateStyles --before it. This also aligns the navs in case some floating element (like a --portal box) breaks their alignment. --Used by main only. local function wrap( nav1, nav2 ) local templatestyles = require("Module:TemplateStyles")( "Module:Category series navigation/styles.css" ) local prepare = function (nav) if nav then nav = '\n'..nav else nav = '' end return nav end return templatestyles.. '<div class="categorySeriesNavigation" role="navigation" aria-label="Range">'.. prepare(nav1)..prepare(nav2).. '\n</div>' end --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Formerly separated templates/modules ]] --[[==========================================================================]] --[[==========================={{ nav_hyphen }}=============================]] local function nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyph, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minseas, maxseas, testgap ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Some sequential 2015–16 example cat", where -- start = 2015 -- hyph = – -- finish = 16 (sequential years can be abbreviated, but others should be full year, e.g. "2001–2005") -- firstpart = Some sequential -- lastpart = example cat -- minseas = 1800 ('min' starting season shown; optional; defaults to -9999) -- maxseas = 2000 ('max' starting season shown; optional; defaults to 9999; 2000 will show 2000-01) -- testgap = 0 (testcasegap parameter for easier testing; optional) --sterilize start if string.match(start or '', '^%d%d?%d?%d?$') == nil then --1-4 digits, AD only local start_fixed = mw.ustring.match(start or '', '^%s*(%d%d?%d?%d?)%D') if start_fixed then start = start_fixed else errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_hyphen can\'t recognize the number "'..(start or '')..'" '.. 'in the first part of the "season" that was passed to it. '.. 'For e.g. "2015–16", "2015" is expected via "|2015|–|16|".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'H') end end local nstart = tonumber(start) --en dash check if hyph ~= '–' then trackcat(4, ' Category series navigation range not using en dash') --nav still processable, but track end --sterilize finish & check for weird parents local tgaps = {} --table of gap sizes found b/w terms { [<gap size found>] = 1 } for -3 <= j <= 3 local tgapsj4 = {} --table of gap sizes found b/w terms { [<gap size found>] = 1 } for j = { -4, 4 } local ttlens = {} --table of term lengths found w/i terms { [<term length found>] = 1 } local tirregs = {} --table of ir/regular-term-length cats' "from"s & "to"s found local regularparent = true if (finish == -1) or --"Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–present" (finish == 0) --"Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–" then regularparent = false if maxseas == nil or maxseas == '' then maxseas = start --hide subsequent ranges end if finish == -1 then trackcat(14, 'Category series navigation range ends (present)') else trackcat(15, 'Category series navigation range ends (blank, MOS)') end elseif (start == finish) and (ttrackingcats[16] ~= '') --nav_year found isolated; check for surrounding hyphenated terms (e.g. UK MPs 1974) then trackcat(16, '') --reset for another check later trackcat(13, 'Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length') ttlens[0] = 1 --calc ttlens for std cases below regularparent = 'isolated' end if (string.match(finish or '', '^%d+$') == nil) and (string.match(finish or '', '^%-%d+$') == nil) then local finish_fixed = mw.ustring.match(finish or '', '^%s*(%d%d?%d?%d?)%D') if finish_fixed then finish = finish_fixed else errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_hyphen can\'t recognize "'..(finish or '')..'" '.. 'in the second part of the "season" that was passed to it. '.. 'For e.g. "2015–16", "16" is expected via "|2015|–|16|".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'I') end else if string.len(finish) >= 5 then errors = p.errorclass('The second part of the season passed to function nav_hyphen should only be four or fewer digits, not "'..(finish or '')..'". '.. 'See [[MOS:DATERANGE]] for details.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'J') end end local nfinish = tonumber(finish) --save sterilized parent range for easier lookup later tirregs['from0'] = nstart tirregs['to0'] = nfinish --sterilize min/max local nminseas_default = -9999 local nmaxseas_default = 9999 local nminseas = tonumber(minseas) or nminseas_default --same behavior as nav_year local nmaxseas = tonumber(maxseas) or nmaxseas_default --same behavior as nav_year if nminseas > nstart then nminseas = nstart end if nmaxseas < nstart then nmaxseas = nstart end local lspace = ' ' --assume a leading space (most common) local tspace = ' ' --assume a trailing space (most common) if string.match(firstpart, '%($') then lspace = '' end --DNE for "Madrid city councillors (2007–2011)"-type cats if string.match(lastpart, '^%)') then tspace = '' end --DNE for "Madrid city councillors (2007–2011)"-type cats --calculate term length/intRAseason size & finishing year local t = 1 while t <= term_limit and regularparent == true do local nish = nstart + t --use switchADBC to flip this sign to work for years BC, if/when the time comes if (nish == nfinish) or (string.match(nish, '%d?%d$') == finish) then ttlens[t] = 1 break end if t == term_limit then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_hyphen can\'t determine a reasonable term length for "'..start..hyph..finish..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'K') end t = t + 1 end --apply MOS:DATERANGE to parent local lenstart = string.len(start) local lenfinish = string.len(finish) if lenstart == 4 and regularparent == true then --"2001–..." if t == 1 then --"2001–02" & "2001–2002" both allowed if lenfinish ~= 2 and lenfinish ~= 4 then errors = p.errorclass('The second part of the season passed to function nav_hyphen should be two or four digits, not "'..finish..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'L') end else --"2001–2005" is required for t > 1; track "2001–05"; anything else = error if lenfinish == 2 then trackcat(5, 'Category series navigation range abbreviated (MOS)') elseif lenfinish ~= 4 then errors = p.errorclass('The second part of the season passed to function nav_hyphen should be four digits, not "'..finish..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'M') end end if finish == '00' then --full year required regardless of term length trackcat(5, 'Category series navigation range abbreviated (MOS)') end end --calculate intERseason gap size local hgap_default = 0 --assume & start at the most common case: 2001–02 -> 2002–03, etc. local hgap_limit_reg = hgap_limit --less expensive per-increment (inc x 4) local hgap_limit_irreg = hgap_limit --more expensive per-increment (inc x 23 = inc x (k_bwd + k_fwd) = inc x (12 + 11)) local hgap_success = false local hgap = hgap_default while hgap <= hgap_limit_reg and regularparent == true do --verify local prevseason2 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart-t-hgap)..hyph..string.match(nstart-hgap, '%d?%d$') ..tspace..lastpart local nextseason2 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart+t+hgap)..hyph..string.match(nstart+2*t+hgap, '%d?%d$')..tspace..lastpart local prevseason4 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart-t-hgap)..hyph..(nstart-hgap) ..tspace..lastpart local nextseason4 = firstpart..lspace..(nstart+t+hgap)..hyph..(nstart+2*t+hgap)..tspace..lastpart if t == 1 then --test abbreviated range first, then full range, to be frugal with expensive functions if catexists(prevseason2) or --use 'or', in case we're at the edge of the cat structure, catexists(nextseason2) or --or we hit a "–00"/"–2000" situation on one side catexists(prevseason4) or catexists(nextseason4) then hgap_success = true break end elseif t > 1 then --test full range first, then abbreviated range, to be frugal with expensive functions if catexists(prevseason4) or --use 'or', in case we're at the edge of the cat structure, catexists(nextseason4) or --or we hit a "–00"/"–2000" situation on one side catexists(prevseason2) or catexists(nextseason2) then hgap_success = true break end end hgap = hgap + 1 end if hgap_success == false then hgap = tonumber(testgap) or hgap_default --tracked via defaultgapcat() end --preliminary scan to determine ir/regular spacing of nearby cats; --to limit expensive function calls, MOS:DATERANGE-violating cats are ignored; --an irregular-term-length series should follow "YYYY..hyph..YYYY" throughout local jlimit = 4 --4-a-side if all YYYY-YY, 3-a-side if all YYYY-YYYY, with some threshold in between if hgap <= hgap_limit_reg then --also to isolate temp vars --find # of nav-visible ir/regular-term-length cats local bwanchor = nstart --backward anchor/common year local fwanchor = bwanchor + t --forward anchor/common year if regularparent == 'isolated' then fwanchor = bwanchor end local spangreen = '[<span style="color:green">j, g, k = ' --used for/when debugging via list-all-links=yes local spanblue = '<span style="color:blue">' local spanred = ' (<span style="color:red">' local span = '</span>' local lastg = nil --to check for run-on searches local lastk = nil --to check for run-on searches local endfound = false --switch used to stop searching forward local iirregs = 0 --index of tirregs[] for j < 0, since search starts from parent local j = -jlimit --index of tirregs[] for j > 0 & pseudo navh position while j <= jlimit do if j < 0 then --search backward from parent local gbreak = false --switch used to break out of g-loop local g = 0 --gap size while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do local k = 0 --term length: 0 = "0-length", 1+ = normal while k <= term_limit do local from = bwanchor - k - g local to = bwanchor - g local full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..to)..tspace..lastpart ) if k == 0 then if regularparent ~= 'isolated' then --+restrict to g == 0 if repeating year problems arise to = '0-length' full = ne(mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..tspace..lastpart )) if catlinkfollowr( frame, full ).rtarget ~= nil then --#R followed table.insert( tlistallbwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full..spanred..'#R ignored'..span..')' ) full, to = '', '' --don't use/follow 0-length cat #Rs from nav_hyphen(); otherwise gets messy end end end if (k >= 1) or --the normal case; only continue k = 0 if 0-length found (to == '0-length') --ghetto "continue" (thx Lua) to avoid expensive searches for "UK MPs 1974-1974", etc. then table.insert( tlistallbwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) if (k == 1) and -- (g == 0 or g == 1) and --commented to match j>0 case ("1995–96 in Federal Republic of Yugoslavia basketball") (catexists(full) == false) then --allow bare-bones MOS:DATERANGE alternation, in case we're on a 0|1-gap, 1-year term series local to2 = string.match(to, '%d%d$') if to2 and to2 ~= '00' then --and not at a century transition (i.e. 1999–2000) to = to2 full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..to)..tspace..lastpart ) table.insert( tlistallbwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) end end if catexists(full) then if to == '0-length' then trackcat(13, 'Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length') end tlistallbwd[#tlistallbwd] = spanblue..tlistallbwd[#tlistallbwd]..span..' (found)' ttlens[ find_duration(en(full)) ] = 1 if j == -1 then tgapsj4[g] = 1 -- -1 since bwd search starts from parent @ -4 and ends at -1 else tgaps[g] = 1 end iirregs = iirregs + 1 tirregs['from-'..iirregs] = from tirregs['to-'..iirregs] = to bwanchor = from --ratchet down if to ~= '0-length' then gbreak = true break else g = 0 --soft-reset g, to keep stepping thru k j = j + 1 --save, but keep searching thru k if j > 0 then --(restore "> 3" if acts up) lest we keep searching bwd & finding 0-length cats ("MEPs for the Republic of Ireland 1973" & down) j = -1 --allow a normal, full search fwd after break gbreak = true break end end elseif (j >= 0) and (lastg and lastk) and ((lastg >= hgap_limit_irreg) or (lastk >= term_limit)) then --bwd search exhausted and/or done (runaway bwd search on "2018–19 FIA World Endurance Championship season") j = -1 --allow a normal, full search fwd after break gbreak = true break end end --ghetto "continue" k = k + 1 lastk = k end --while k <= term_limit do if gbreak == true then break end g = g + 1 lastg = g end --while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do end --if j < 0 if j > 0 and endfound == false then --search forward from parent local gbreak = false --switch used to break out of g-loop local g = 0 --gap size while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do local k = -2 --term length: -2 = "0-length", -1 = "2020–present", 0 = "2020–", 1+ = normal while k <= term_limit do local from = fwanchor + g local to4 = fwanchor + k + g --override carefully local to2 = nil --last 2 digits of to4, IIF exists if k == -1 then to4 = 'present' --see if end-cat exists (present) elseif k == 0 then to4 = '' end --see if end-cat exists (blank) local full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..to4)..tspace..lastpart ) if k == -2 then if regularparent ~= 'isolated' then --+restrict to g == 0 if repeating year problems arise to4 = '0-length' --see if 0-length cat exists full = ne(mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..from..tspace..lastpart )) if catlinkfollowr( frame, full ).rtarget ~= nil then --#R followed table.insert( tlistallfwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full..spanred..'#R ignored'..span..')' ) full, to4 = '', '' --don't use/follow 0-length cat #Rs from nav_hyphen(); otherwise gets messy end end end if (k >= -1) or --only continue k = -2 if 0-length found (to4 == '0-length') --ghetto "continue" (thx Lua) to avoid expensive searches for "UK MPs 1974-1974", etc. then table.insert( tlistallfwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) if (k == 1) and -- (g == 0 or g == 1) and --commented to let "2002–03 in Scottish women's football" find "2008–09 in Scottish women's football" (catexists(full) == false) then --allow bare-bones MOS:DATERANGE alternation, in case we're on a 0|1-gap, 1-year term series to2 = string.match(to4, '%d%d$') if to2 and to2 ~= '00' then --and not at a century transition (i.e. 1999–2000) full = mw.text.trim( firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..to2)..tspace..lastpart ) table.insert( tlistallfwd, spangreen..j..', '..g..', '..k..span..'] '..full ) end end if catexists(full) then if to4 == '0-length' then if rtarget(frame, full) == full then --only use 0-length cats that don't #R trackcat(13, 'Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length') end end tirregs['from'..j] = from tirregs['to'..j] = (to2 or to4) if (k == -1) or (k == 0) then endfound = true --tentative else --k == { -2, > 0 } tlistallfwd[#tlistallfwd] = spanblue..tlistallfwd[#tlistallfwd]..span..' (found)' ttlens[ find_duration(en(full)) ] = 1 if j == 4 then tgapsj4[g] = 1 else tgaps[g] = 1 end endfound = false if to4 ~= '0-length' then --k > 0 fwanchor = to4 --ratchet up gbreak = true break --only break on k > 0 b/c old end-cat #Rs still exist like "Members of the Scottish Parliament 2011–" else --k == -2 j = j + 1 --save, but keep searching k's, in case "1974" → "1974-1979" if j > jlimit then --lest we keep searching & finding 0-length cats ("2018 CONCACAF Champions League" & up) gbreak = true break elseif g == hgap_limit_irreg then --keep searching, since not a runaway, just far away ("American soccer clubs 1958–59 season") hgap_limit_irreg = hgap_limit_irreg + 1 end end end end end --ghetto "continue" k = k + 1 lastk = k end --while k <= term_limit do if gbreak == true then break end g = g + 1 lastg = g end --while g <= hgap_limit_irreg do end --if j > 0 and endfound == false then if (lastg and lastk) and (lastg > hgap_limit_irreg) and (lastk > term_limit) then --search exhausted if j < 0 then j = 0 --bwd search exhausted; continue fwd elseif j > 0 then break end --fwd search exhausted end j = j + 1 end --while j <= jlimit end --if hgap <= hgap_limit_reg --determine # of displayed navh elements based on "YYYY-YY" vs. "YYYY-YYYY" counts local Ythreshold = 3.3 --((YYYY-YY x 7) + (YYYY-YYYY x 2))/18 = 3.222; ((YYYY-YY x 6) + (YYYY-YYYY x 3))/18 = 3.333 local Ycount = 0 --"Y" count local ycount = 0 --tirregs counter; # of contiguous #s for k, v in pairs (tirregs) do local dummy, dunce = mw.ustring.gsub(tostring(v), '%d', '') --why can't gsub just return a table?? Ycount = Ycount + dunce ycount = ycount + 1 end local ycount_limit = ((jlimit * 2) + 1) * 2 --i.e. ((4 * 2) + 1) * 2 = 18 if ycount < ycount_limit then --fill in the blanks with Ycount_parent, since hidden/dne cats aren't in tirregs local dummy_finish = finish if not regularparent then dummy_finish = start end local dummy, dunce_from = mw.ustring.gsub(start, '%d', '') local dummy, dunce_to = mw.ustring.gsub(dummy_finish, '%d', '') local Ycount_parent_avg = (dunce_from + dunce_to)/2 --"YYYY-YYYY" = 4; "YYYY-YY" = 3 Ycount = Ycount + (Ycount_parent_avg * (ycount_limit - ycount)) ycount = ycount_limit end local iwidth = 3 --default to 3-a-side, 7 total local Y_per_y = Ycount / ycount --normalized range: [3-4] if Y_per_y < Ythreshold then iwidth = 4 --extend to 4-a-side, 9 total end --begin navhyphen local navh = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local terminalcat = false --switch used to hide future cats local terminaltxt = nil local i = -iwidth --nav position while i <= iwidth do local from = nstart + i*(t+hgap) --the logical, but not necessarily correct, 'from' if tirregs['from'..i] then --prefer the irregular term table from = tonumber(tirregs['from'..i]) else --fallback to lazy/naive 'from' if i > 0 and tirregs['from'..(i-1)] and tirregs['from'..(i-1)] >= from then --end of the line: avoid dups/past, and create reasonable grey'd ranges local greyto = tonumber(tirregs['to' .. (i-1)]) or -9999 local greyfrom = tonumber(tirregs['from'..(i-1)]) or -9999 local grey = greyto --prefer 'to' if greyfrom > greyto then grey = greyfrom end --'from' fallback, in case "1995–96", "1995-present", etc. if grey > -9999 then if grey ~= greyto then from = grey + t + hgap --account for missing/incomplete 'to' else from = grey + hgap end tirregs['from'..i] = from --remember tirregs['to' .. i] = from + t end elseif i < 0 then local greyfrom local ii = 0 while ii < 3 do ii = ii + 1 greyfrom = tonumber(tirregs['from'..(i+ii)]) if greyfrom then break end end from = (greyfrom or nstart) - ii*(t+hgap) tirregs['from'..i] = from --remember tirregs['to' .. i] = from + t end end local from2 = string.match(from, '%d?%d$') local to = tostring(from+t) --the logical, naive range, but if tirregs['to'..i] then --prefer irregular term table to = tirregs['to'..i] elseif regularparent == false and tirregs and i > 0 then to = tirregs['to-1'] --special treatment for parent terminal cats, since they have no natural 'to' end local to2 = string.match(to, '%d?%d$') local tofinal = (to2 or '') --assume t=1 and abbreviated 'to' (the most common case) if t > 1 or --per MOS:DATERANGE (e.g. 1999-2004) (from2 - (to2 or from2)) > 0 --century transition exception (e.g. 1999–2000) then tofinal = (to or '') --default to the MOS-correct format, in case no fallbacks found end if to == '0-length' then tofinal = to end --check existance of 4-digit, MOS-correct range, with abbreviation fallback if tofinal ~= '0-length' then if t > 1 and string.len(from) == 4 then --e.g. 1999-2004 --determine which link exists (full or abbr) local full = firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..tofinal)..tspace..lastpart if not catexists(full) then local abbr = firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..to2)..tspace..lastpart if catexists(abbr) then tofinal = (to2 or '') --rv to MOS-incorrect format; if full AND abbr DNE, then tofinal is still in its MOS-correct format end end elseif t == 1 then --full-year consecutive ranges are also allowed local abbr = firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..tofinal)..tspace..lastpart --assume tofinal is in abbr format if not catexists(abbr) and tofinal ~= to then local full = firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..to)..tspace..lastpart if catexists(full) then tofinal = (to or '') --if abbr AND full DNE, then tofinal is still in its abbr format (unless it's a century transition) end end end end --populate navh if i ~= 0 then --left/right navh local orig = firstpart..lspace..ne(from..hyph..tofinal)..tspace..lastpart local disp = ne(from..hyph..tofinal) if tofinal == '0-length' then orig = firstpart..lspace..ne(from)..tspace..lastpart disp = ne(from) end local catlink = catlinkfollowr(frame, orig, disp, true) --force terminal cat display if terminalcat == false then terminaltxt = find_terminaltxt( disp ) --also sets tracking cats terminalcat = (terminaltxt ~= nil) end if catlink.rtarget and avoidself then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed, figure out why --determine new term length & gap size ttlens[ find_duration( catlink.rtarget ) ] = 1 if i > -iwidth then local lastto = tirregs['to'..(i-1)] if lastto == nil then local lastfrom = nstart + (i-1)*(t+hgap) lastto = lastfrom+t --use last logical 'from' to calc lastto end if lastto then local gapcat = lastto..'-'..from --dummy cat to calc with local gap = find_duration(en(gapcat)) or -1 --in case of nil, if iwidth == 4 then tgapsj4[ gap ] = 1 --tgapsj4[-1] are ignored later else tgaps[ gap ] = 1 --tgaps[-1] are ignored later end end end --display/tracking handling local base_regex = '%d+[–-]%d+' local origbase = mw.ustring.gsub(orig, base_regex, '') local rtarbase, rtarbase_success = mw.ustring.gsub(catlink.rtarget, base_regex, '') if rtarbase_success == 0 then local base_regex_lax = '%d%d%d%d' --in case rtarget is a year cat rtarbase, rtarbase_success = mw.ustring.gsub(catlink.rtarget, base_regex_lax, '') end local terminal_regex = '%d+[–-]'..(terminaltxt or '')..'$' --more manual ORs bc Lua regex sux if mw.ustring.match(orig, terminal_regex) then origbase = mw.ustring.gsub(orig, terminal_regex, '') end if mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, terminal_regex) then --finagle/overload terminalcat type to set nmaxseas on 1st occurence only if terminalcat == false then terminalcat = 1 end local dummy = find_terminaltxt( catlink.rtarget ) --also sets tracking cats rtarbase = mw.ustring.gsub(catlink.rtarget, terminal_regex, '') end origbase = mw.text.trim(origbase) rtarbase = mw.text.trim(rtarbase) if origbase ~= rtarbase then trackcat(6, 'Category series navigation range redirected (base change)') elseif terminalcat == 1 then trackcat(8, 'Category series navigation range redirected (end)') else --origbase == rtarbase local all4s_regex = '%d%d%d%d[–-]%d%d%d%d' local orig_all4s = mw.ustring.match(orig, all4s_regex) local rtar_all4s = mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, all4s_regex) if orig_all4s and rtar_all4s then trackcat(10, 'Category series navigation range redirected (other)') else local year_regex1 = '%d%d%d%d$' local year_regex2 = '%d%d%d%d[%s%)]' local year_rtar = mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, year_regex1) or mw.ustring.match(catlink.rtarget, year_regex2) if orig_all4s and year_rtar then trackcat(7, 'Category series navigation range redirected (var change)') else trackcat(9, 'Category series navigation range redirected (MOS)') end end end end if terminalcat then --true or 1 if type(terminalcat) ~= 'boolean' then nmaxseas = from end --only want to do this once terminalcat = true --done finagling/overloading end if (from >= 0) and (nminseas <= from) and (from <= nmaxseas) then table.insert(navlist, catlink.navelement) if terminalcat then nmaxseas = nminseas_default end --prevent display of future ranges else local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..ne(disp)..'</span>' table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end else --center navh if finish == -1 then finish = 'present' elseif finish == 0 then finish = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..ne(start)..'</span>' end local disp = ne(start..hyph..finish) if regularparent == 'isolated' then disp = start end table.insert(navlist, '<b>'..disp..'</b>') end i = i + 1 end -- add the list navh = navh..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' --tracking cats & finalize if avoidself then local igaps = 0 --# of diff gap sizes > 0 found local itlens = 0 --# of diff term lengths found for s = 1, hgap_limit_reg do --must loop; #tgaps, #ttlens unreliable igaps = igaps + (tgaps[s] or 0) end if iwidth == 4 then --only count gaps if they were displayed ("Karnataka MLAs 1957–1962") for s = 1, hgap_limit_reg do igaps = igaps + (tgapsj4[s] or 0) end end for s = 0, term_limit do itlens = itlens + (ttlens[s] or 0) end if igaps > 0 then trackcat(11, 'Category series navigation range gaps') end if itlens > 1 and ttrackingcats[13] == '' then --avoid duplication in "Category series navigation range irregular, 0-length" trackcat(12, 'Category series navigation range irregular') end end isolatedcat() defaultgapcat(not hgap_success) if listall then return listalllinks() else return navh..'</div>' end end --[[=========================={{ nav_tvseason }}============================]] local function nav_tvseason( frame, firstpart, tv, lastpart, maximumtv ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Futurama season 1 episodes", where -- firstpart = Futurama season -- tv = 1 -- lastpart = episodes -- maximumtv = 7 ('max' tv season parameter; optional; defaults to 9999) tv = tonumber(tv) if tv == nil then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_tvseason can\'t recognize the TV season number sent to its 3rd parameter.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'T') end --"(season 1) episodes" -> "season 1 episodes" following March 2024 RfC: --[[Wikipedia talk:Naming conventions (television)#Follow-up RfC on TV season article titles]] -- [[Special:Permalink/1216885280#Follow-up RfC on TV season article titles]] local tspace = ' ' --"season 1 episodes" local parenth_check = string.match(lastpart, '^%)') if parenth_check then tspace = '' end --accommodate old style "(season 1) episodes" just in case local maxtv_default = 9999 local maxtv = tonumber(maximumtv) or maxtv_default --allow +/- qualifier if maxtv < tv then maxtv = tv end --input error; maxtv should be >= parent --begin navtvseason local navt = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local prepad = '' local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local t = tv + i if i ~= 0 then --left/right navt local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..' '..ne(t)..tspace..lastpart, ne(t) ) if t >= 1 and t <= maxtv then --hardcode mintv if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(25, 'Category series navigation TV season redirected') end if catlink.catexists or (maxtv ~= maxtv_default and t <= maxtv) then table.insert(navlist, prepad..catlink.navelement) --display normally prepad = '' else local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..t..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = (navlist[#navlist] or '')..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end elseif t < 1 then prepad = prepad..'<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..'0'..'</span>' if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = (tlistall[#tlistall] or '')..' (x)' end else --t > maxtv local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..t..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = navlist[#navlist]..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end else --center navt table.insert(navlist, prepad..'<b>'..ne(tv)..'</b>') prepad = '' end i = i + 1 end -- add the list navt = navt..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navt..'</div>' end end --[[==========================={{ nav_decade }}=============================]] local function nav_decade( frame, firstpart, decade, lastpart, mindecade, maxdecade ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Some sequential 2000 example cat", where -- firstpart = Some sequential -- decade = 2000 -- lastpart = example cat -- mindecade = 1800 ('min' decade parameter; optional; defaults to -9999) -- maxdecade = 2020 ('max' decade parameter; optional; defaults to 9999) --sterilize dec local dec = sterilizedec(decade) if dec == nil then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_decade was sent "'..(decade or '')..'" as its 2nd parameter, '.. 'but expects a 1 to 4-digit year ending in "0".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'D') end local ndec = tonumber(dec) --sterilize mindecade & determine AD/BC local mindefault = '-9999' local mindec = sterilizedec(mindecade) --returns a tostring(unsigned int), or nil if mindec then if string.match(mindecade, '-%d') or string.match(mindecade, 'BC') then mindec = '-'..mindec --better +/-0 behavior with strings (0-initialized int == "-0" string...) end elseif mindec == nil and mindecade and mindecade ~= '' then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_decade was sent "'..(mindecade or '')..'" as its 4th parameter, '.. 'but expects a 1 to 4-digit year ending in "0", the earliest decade to be shown.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'E') else --mindec == nil mindec = mindefault --tonumber() later, after error checks end --sterilize maxdecade & determine AD/BC local maxdefault = '9999' local maxdec = sterilizedec(maxdecade) --returns a tostring(unsigned int), or nil + error if maxdec then if string.match(maxdecade, '-%d') or string.match(maxdecade, 'BC') then --better +/-0 behavior with strings (0-initialized int == "-0" string...), maxdec = '-'..maxdec --but a "-0" string -> tonumber() -> tostring() = "-0", end --and a "0" string -> tonumber() -> tostring() = "0" elseif maxdec == nil and maxdecade and maxdecade ~= '' then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_decade was sent "'..(maxdecade or '')..'" as its 5th parameter, '.. 'but expects a 1 to 4-digit year ending in "0", the highest decade to be shown.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'F') else --maxdec == nil maxdec = maxdefault end local tspace = ' ' --assume trailing space for "1950s in X"-type cats if string.match(lastpart, '^-') then tspace = '' end --DNE for "1970s-related"-type cats --AD/BC switches & vars local parentBC = mw.ustring.match(firstpart, '(इसा पूर्व)%s?$') local dec0to40AD = (ndec >= 0 and ndec <= 40 and not parentBC) --special behavior in this range local switchADBC = 1 -- 1=AD parent if parentBC then switchADBC = -1 end -- -1=BC parent; possibly adjusted later local BCdisp = '' local D = -math.huge --secondary switch & iterator for AD/BC transition --check non-default min/max more carefully if mindec ~= mindefault then if tonumber(mindec) > ndec*switchADBC then mindec = tostring(ndec*switchADBC) --input error; mindec should be <= parent end end if maxdec ~= maxdefault then if tonumber(maxdec) < ndec*switchADBC then maxdec = tostring(ndec*switchADBC) --input error; maxdec should be >= parent end end local nmindec = tonumber(mindec) --similar behavior to nav_year & nav_nordinal local nmaxdec = tonumber(maxdec) --similar behavior to nav_nordinal --begin navdecade local neb = '' --border/no border if navborder == false then --for Category series navigation year and decade neb = 'categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent' end local navd = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range '..neb..'">\n' local navlist = {} local i = -50 --nav position x 10 while i <= 50 do local d = ndec + i*switchADBC local BC = '' local BCd = '' BCdisp = '' local Bcd = 'इसा पूर्व ' if dec0to40AD then if D < -10 then d = math.abs(d + 10) --b/c 2 "0s" decades exist: "0s BC" & "0s" (AD) BC = 'इसा पूर्व ' BCd = Bcd if d == 0 then D = -10 --track 1st d = 0 use (BC) end elseif D >= -10 then D = D + 10 --now iterate from 0s AD d = D --2nd d = 0 use end elseif parentBC then if switchADBC == -1 then --parentBC looking at the BC side (the common case) BC = 'इसा पूर्व ' BCd = Bcd if d == 0 then --prepare to switch to the AD side on the next iteration switchADBC = 1 --1st d = 0 use (BC) D = -10 --prep end elseif switchADBC == 1 then --switched to the AD side D = D + 10 --now iterate from 0s AD d = D --2nd d = 0 use (on first use) end end if BC ~= '' and ndec <= 50 then BCdisp = 'इसा पूर्व '--show BC for all BC decades whenever a "0s" is displayed on the nav BCd = Bcd end BCdisp = BC local decade_suffix = '-एक दशक' --determine target cat local disp = BCd..ne(d) if i == 0 then disp = BCd..ne(d)..'-एक दशक' end local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame,BCdisp..ne(d)..decade_suffix..lastpart, disp) if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(18, 'Category series navigation decade redirected') end --populate left/right navd local shown = navcenter(i, catlink) local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..disp..'-एक दशक'..'</span>' local dsign = d --use d for display & dsign for logic if BC ~= '' then dsign = -dsign end if (nmindec <= dsign) and (dsign <= nmaxdec) then if dsign == 0 and (nmindec == 0 or nmaxdec == 0) then --distinguish b/w -0 (BC) & 0 (AD) --"zoom in" on +/- 0 and turn dsign/min/max temporarily into +/- 1 for easier processing local zsign, zmin, zmax = 1, nmindec, nmaxdec if BC ~= '' then zsign = -1 end if mindec == '-0' then zmin = -1 elseif mindec == '0' then zmin = 1 end if maxdec == '-0' then zmax = -1 elseif maxdec == '0' then zmax = 1 end if (zmin <= zsign) and (zsign <= zmax) then table.insert(navlist, shown) hidden = nil else table.insert(navlist, hidden) end else table.insert(navlist, shown)--the common case hidden = nil end else table.insert(navlist, hidden) end if listall and hidden then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end i = i + 10 end -- add the list navd = navd..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navd..'</div>' end end --[[============================{{ nav_year }}==============================]] local function nav_year( frame, firstpart, year, lastpart, minimumyear, maximumyear ) --Expects a PAGENAME of the form "Some sequential 1760 example cat", where -- firstpart = Some sequential -- year = 1760 -- lastpart = example cat -- minimumyear = 1758 ('min' year parameter; optional) -- maximumyear = 1800 ('max' year parameter; optional) local minyear_default = -9999 local maxyear_default = 9999 year = tonumber(year) or tonumber(mw.ustring.match(year or '', '^%s*(%d*)')) local minyear = tonumber(string.match(minimumyear or '', '-?%d+')) or minyear_default --allow +/- qualifier local maxyear = tonumber(string.match(maximumyear or '', '-?%d+')) or maxyear_default --allow +/- qualifier if string.match(minimumyear or '', 'BC') then minyear = -math.abs(minyear) end --allow BC qualifier (AD otherwise assumed) if string.match(maximumyear or '', 'BC') then maxyear = -math.abs(maxyear) end --allow BC qualifier (AD otherwise assumed) if year == nil then errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_year can\'t recognize the year sent to its 3rd parameter.') return p.failedcat(errors, 'Y') end --AD/BC switches & vars local yearBCElastparts = { --needed for parent = AD 1-5, when the BC/E format is unknown --"BCE" removed to match both AD & BCE cats; easier & faster than multiple string.match()s ['example_Hebrew people_example'] = 'BCE', --example entry format; add to & adjust as needed } local parentAD = string.match(firstpart, 'AD$') --following the "AD 1" convention from AD 1 to AD 10 local parentBC = string.match(firstpart, '^इसा पूर्व') --following the "1 BC" convention for all years BC firstpart = mw.ustring.gsub(firstpart, '%s*AD$', '') --handle AD/BC separately for easier & faster accounting lastpart = mw.ustring.gsub(lastpart, '^BCE?%s*', '') local BCe = parentBC or yearBCElastparts[lastpart] or 'BC' --"BC" default local year1to10 = (year >= 1 and year <= 10) local year1to10ADBC = year1to10 and (parentBC or parentAD) --special behavior 1-10 for low-# non-year series local year1to15AD = (year >= 1 and year <= 15 and not parentBC) --special behavior 1-15 for AD/BC display local switchADBC = 1 -- 1=AD parent if parentBC then switchADBC = -1 end -- -1=BC parent; possibly adjusted later local Y = 0 --secondary iterator for AD-on-a-BC-parent if minyear > year*switchADBC then minyear = year*switchADBC end --input error; minyear should be <= parent if maxyear < year*switchADBC then maxyear = year*switchADBC end --input error; maxyear should be >= parent local lspace = ' ' --leading space before year, after firstpart if string.match(firstpart, '[%-VW]$') then lspace = '' --e.g. "Straight-8 engines" end local tspace = ' ' --trailing space after year, before lastpart if string.match(lastpart, '^-') then tspace = '' --e.g. "2018-related timelines" end --determine interyear gap size to condense special category types, if possible local ygapdefault = 1 --assume/start at the most common case: 2001, 2002, etc. local ygap = ygapdefault if string.match(lastpart, 'राष्ट्रपति') then local ygap1,ygap2 = ygapdefault, ygapdefault --need to determine previous & next year gaps indepedently local ygap1_success, ygap2_success = false, false local prevseason = nil while ygap1 <= ygap_limit do --Czech Republic, Poland, Sri Lanka, etc. have 5-year terms prevseason = firstpart..lspace..ne((year-ygap1))..tspace..lastpart if catexists(prevseason) then ygap1_success = true break end ygap1 = ygap1 + 1 end local nextseason = nil while ygap2 <= ygap_limit do --Czech Republic, Poland, Sri Lanka, etc. have 5-year terms nextseason = firstpart..lspace..ne((year+ygap2))..tspace..lastpart if catexists(nextseason) then ygap2_success = true break end ygap2 = ygap2 + 1 end if ygap1_success and ygap2_success then if ygap1 == ygap2 then ygap = ygap1 end elseif ygap1_success then ygap = ygap1 elseif ygap2_success then ygap = ygap2 end end --skip non-existing years, if requested local ynogaps = {} --populate with existing years in the range, at most, [year - (skipgaps_limit * 5), year + (skipgaps_limit * 5)] if skipgaps then if minyear == minyear_default then minyear = 0 --automatically set minyear to 0, as AD/BC not supported anyway end if (year > 70) or --add support for AD/BC (<= AD 10) if/when needed (minyear >= 0 and --must be a non-year series like "AC with 0 elements" not parentAD and not parentBC) then local yskipped = {} --track skipped y's to avoid double-checking local cat, found, Yeary --populate nav element queue outwards positively from the parent local Year = year --to save/ratchet progression local i = 1 while i <= 5 do local y = 1 while y <= skipgaps_limit do found = false Yeary = Year + y if yskipped[Yeary] == nil then yskipped[Yeary] = Yeary cat = firstpart..lspace..ne(Yeary)..tspace..lastpart found = catexists(cat) if found then break end end y = y + 1 end if found then Year = Yeary else Year = Year + 1 end ynogaps[i] = Year i = i + 1 end ynogaps[0] = year --the parent --populate nav element queue outwards negatively from the parent Year = year --reset ratchet i = -1 while i >= -5 do local y = -1 while y >= -skipgaps_limit do found = false Yeary = Year + y if yskipped[Yeary] == nil then yskipped[Yeary] = Yeary cat = firstpart..lspace..ne(Yeary)..tspace..lastpart found = catexists(cat) if found then break end end y = y - 1 end if found then Year = Yeary else Year = Year - 1 end ynogaps[i] = Year i = i - 1 end else skipgaps = false --TODO: AD/BC support, then lift BC restrictions @ [[Template:Establishment category BC]] & [[Template:Year category header/core]] end end --begin navyears local navy = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local y local j = 0 --decrementor for special cases "2021 World Rugby Sevens Series" -> "2021–2022" local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do if skipgaps then y = ynogaps[i] else y = year + i*ygap*switchADBC - j end local BCdisp = '' if i ~= 0 then --left/right navy local AD = '' local BC = '' if year1to15AD and not (year1to10 and not year1to10ADBC) --don't AD/BC 1-10's if parents don't contain AD/BC then if year >= 11 then --parent = AD 11-15 if y <= 10 then --prepend AD on y = 1-10 cats only, per existing cats AD = 'AD ' end elseif year >= 1 then --parent = AD 1-10 if y <= 0 then BC = BCe..' ' y = math.abs(y - 1) --skip y = 0 (DNE) elseif y >= 1 and y <= 10 then --prepend AD on y = 1-10 cats only, per existing cats AD = 'AD ' end end elseif parentBC then if switchADBC == -1 then --displayed y is in the BC regime if y >= 1 then --the common case BC = BCe..' ' elseif y == 0 then --switch from BC to AD regime switchADBC = 1 end end if switchADBC == 1 then --displayed y is now in the AD regime Y = Y + 1 --skip y = 0 (DNE) y = Y --easiest solution: start another iterator for these AD y's displayed on a BC year parent AD = 'AD ' end end if BC ~= '' and year <= 5 then --only show 'BC' for parent years <= 5: saves room, easier to read, BCdisp = ' '..BCe --and 6 is the first/last nav year that doesn't need a disambiguator; end --the center/parent year will always show BC, so no need to show it another 10x --populate left/right navy local ysign = y --use y for display & ysign for logic local disp = BCdisp..' '..ne(y) if BC ~= '' then ysign = -ysign end local firsttry = firstpart..' '..BC..' '..ne(y)..tspace..lastpart if (minyear <= ysign) and (ysign <= maxyear) then local catlinkAD = catlinkfollowr( frame, firsttry, disp ) --try AD local catlink = catlinkAD --tentative winner if AD ~= '' then --for "ACArt with 5 suppressed elements"-type cats local catlinkNoAD = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..y..tspace..BC..lastpart, disp ) --try !AD if catlinkNoAD.catexists == true then catlink = catlinkNoAD --usurp elseif listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)¹' end end if (AD..BC == '') and (catlink.catexists == false) and (y >= 1000) then --!ADBC & DNE; 4-digit only, to be frugal --try basic hyphenated cats: 1-year, endash, MOS-correct only, no #Rs local yHyph_4 = ne(y..'–'..(y+1)) --try 2010–2011 type cats local catlinkHyph_4 = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..yHyph_4..tspace..BC..lastpart, yHyph_4 ) if catlinkHyph_4.catexists and catlinkHyph_4.rtarget == nil then --exists & no #Rs catlink = catlinkHyph_4 --usurp trackcat(27, 'Category series navigation year and range') else if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)²' end local yHyph_2 = ne(y..'–'..string.match(y+1, '%d%d$')) --try 2010–11 type cats if i == 1 then local yHyph_2_special = (y-1)..'–'..string.match(y, '%d%d$') --try special case 2021 -> 2021–22 local catlinkHyph_2_special = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..yHyph_2_special..tspace..BC..lastpart, yHyph_2_special ) if catlinkHyph_2_special.catexists and catlinkHyph_2_special.rtarget == nil then --exists & no #Rs catlink = catlinkHyph_2_special --usurp trackcat(27, 'Category series navigation year and range') j = 1 elseif listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)³' end end if not (i == 1 and j == 1) then local catlinkHyph_2 = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..yHyph_2..tspace..BC..lastpart, yHyph_2 ) if catlinkHyph_2.catexists and catlinkHyph_2.rtarget == nil then --exists & no #Rs catlink = catlinkHyph_2 --usurp trackcat(27, 'Category series navigation year and range') elseif listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' (tried; not displayed)⁴' end end end end if catlink.rtarget then --#R followed; determine why local r = catlink.rtarget local c = catlink.cat local year_regex = '%d%d%d%d[–-]?%d?%d?%d?%d?' --prioritize year/range stripping, e.g. for "2006 Super 14 season" local hyph_regex = '%d%d%d%d[–-]%d+' --stricter local num_regex = '%d+' --strip any number otherwise local final_regex = nil --best choice goes here if mw.ustring.match(r, year_regex) and mw.ustring.match(c, year_regex) then final_regex = year_regex elseif mw.ustring.match(r, num_regex) and mw.ustring.match(c, num_regex) then final_regex = num_regex end if final_regex then local r_base = mw.ustring.gsub(r, final_regex, '') local c_base = mw.ustring.gsub(c, final_regex, '') if r_base ~= c_base then trackcat(19, 'Category series navigation year redirected (base change)') --acceptable #R target elseif mw.ustring.match(r, hyph_regex) then trackcat(20, 'Category series navigation year redirected (var change)') --e.g. "2008 in Scottish women's football" to "2008–09" else trackcat(21, 'Category series navigation year redirected (other)') --exceptions go here end else trackcat(20, 'Category series navigation year redirected (var change)') --e.g. "V2 engines" to "V-twin engines" end end table.insert(navlist, catlink.navelement) else --OOB vs min/max local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..ne(disp)..'</span>' table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then local dummy = catlinkfollowr( frame, firsttry, disp ) tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end else --center navy if parentBC then BCdisp = ' '..BCe end table.insert(navlist, '<b>'..BCdisp..' '..ne(year)..' '..'साल'..'</b>') end i = i + 1 end --add the list navy = navy..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navy..'</div>' end end --[[==========================={{ nav_roman }}==============================]] local function nav_roman( frame, firstpart, roman, lastpart, minimumrom, maximumrom ) local toarabic = require('Module:ConvertNumeric').roman_to_numeral local toroman = require('Module:Roman').main --sterilize/convert rom/num local num = tonumber(toarabic(roman)) local rom = toroman({ [1] = num }) if num == nil or rom == nil then --out of range or some other error errors = p.errorclass('Function nav_roman can\'t recognize one or more of "'..(num or 'nil')..'" & "'.. (rom or 'nil')..'" in category "'..firstpart..' '..roman..' '..lastpart..'".') return p.failedcat(errors, 'R') end --sterilize min/max local minrom = tonumber(minimumrom or '') or tonumber(toarabic(minimumrom or '')) local maxrom = tonumber(maximumrom or '') or tonumber(toarabic(maximumrom or '')) if minrom < 1 then minrom = 1 end --toarabic() returns -1 on error if maxrom < 1 then maxrom = 9999 end --toarabic() returns -1 on error if minrom > num then minrom = num end if maxrom < num then maxrom = num end --begin navroman local navr = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local n = num + i if n >= 1 then local r = toroman({ [1] = n }) if i ~= 0 then --left/right navr local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..' '..r..' '..lastpart, r ) if minrom <= n and n <= maxrom then if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(22, 'Category series navigation roman numeral redirected') end table.insert(navlist, catlink.navelement) else local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..r..'</span>' table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end else --center navr table.insert(navlist, '<b>'..r..'</b>') end else table.insert(navlist, '<span style="visibility:hidden">I</span>') end i = i + 1 end -- add the list navr = navr..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navr..'</div>' end end --[[=========================={{ nav_nordinal }}============================]] local function nav_nordinal( frame, firstpart, ord, lastpart, minimumord, maximumord ) local patterns_ = { '(-?%d+म?)', -- Matches Ilike 1म or 1म '(-?%d+য়?)', -- Matches Ilike 1য় or 1য় '(-?%d+র্থ?)', -- Matches Ilike 1র্থ or 1র্থ '(-?%d+ষ্ঠ?)', -- Matches Ilike 1ষ্ঠ or 1ষ্ঠ '(-?%d+শ?)' -- Matches Ilike 1শ or 1শ } local nord = tonumber(ord) local minord, maxord for _, pattern_ in ipairs(patterns_) do minord = tonumber(string.match(minimumord or '', pattern_)) or -9999 maxord = tonumber(string.match(maximumord or '', pattern_)) or 9999 -- If both minord and maxord are valid numbers, break out of the loop if minord and maxord then break end end if string.match(minimumord or '', 'BC') then minord = -math.abs(minord) end --allow BC qualifier (AD otherwise assumed) if string.match(maximumord or '', 'BC') then maxord = -math.abs(maxord) end --allow BC qualifier (AD otherwise assumed) local temporal = string.match(lastpart, 'शताब्दी') or string.match(lastpart, 'सहस्राब्दी') local tspace = ' ' --assume a trailing space after ordinal if string.match(lastpart, '^-') then tspace = '' end --DNE for "19th-century"-type cats --AD/BC switches & vars local ordBCElastparts = { --needed for parent = AD 1-5, when the BC/E format is unknown --lists the lastpart of valid BCE cats --"BCE" removed to match both AD & BCE cats; easier & faster than multiple string.match()s ['-century Hebrew people'] = 'BCE', --WP:CFD/Log/2016 June 21#श्रेणी:इसा पूर्व ১১শ শতাব্দীর হিব্রু ব্যক্তি ['-century Jews'] = 'BCE', --co-nominated ['-century Judaism'] = 'BCE', --co-nominated ['-century rabbis'] = 'BCE', --co-nominated ['-century High Priests of Israel'] = 'BCE', } local parentBC = mw.ustring.match(firstpart, '(इसा पूर्व)%s?$') local firstpartNoBC = mw.ustring.gsub(firstpart, '(इसा पूर्व)%s?$', '') local BCe = parentBC or ordBCElastparts[firstpartNoBC] or 'इसा पूर्व' --"BC" default local switchADBC = 1 -- 1=AD parent if parentBC then switchADBC = -1 end -- -1=BC parent; possibly adjusted later local O = 0 --secondary iterator for AD-on-a-BC-parent if not temporal and minord < 1 then minord = 1 end --nothing before "1st parliament", etc. if minord > nord*switchADBC then minord = nord*switchADBC end --input error; minord should be <= parent if maxord < nord*switchADBC then maxord = nord*switchADBC end --input error; maxord should be >= parent --begin navnordinal local neb = '' --border/no border if navborder == false then --for Category series navigation decade and century neb = 'categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent' end local navo = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range '..neb..'">\n' local navlist = {} local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local o = nord + i*switchADBC local BC = '' local BCdisp = '' local BCd = '' if parentBC then if switchADBC == -1 then --parentBC looking at the BC side if o >= 1 then --the common case BC = ' '..BCe BCd= ' '..'इसा पूर्व' elseif o == 0 then --switch to the AD side BC = '' switchADBC = 1 end end if switchADBC == 1 then --displayed o is now in the AD regime O = O + 1 --skip o = 0 (DNE) o = O --easiest solution: start another iterator for these AD o's displayed on a BC year parent end elseif o <= 0 then --parentAD looking at BC side BC = ' '..BCe BCd= ' '..'इसा पूर्व' o = math.abs(o - 1) --skip o = 0 (DNE) end if BC ~= '' and nord <= 5 then --only show 'BC' for parent ords <= 5: saves room, easier to read, BCdisp = ' '..BCe BCd= ' '..'इसा पूर्व' --and 6 is the first/last nav ord that doesn't need a disambiguator; end --the center/parent ord will always show BC, so no need to show it another 10x --populate left/right navo local oth = ne(p.addord(o)) local osign = o --use o for display & osign for logic if BC ~= '' then osign = -osign end local hidden = '<span style="visibility:hidden">'..oth..'</span>' if temporal then --e.g. "3rd-century BC" local firstpart = firstpartNoBC..BC --lest we recursively add multiple "BC"s if BC ~= '' then lastpart = string.gsub(lastpart, temporal, temporal) --replace BC if needed end local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..tspace..oth..tspace..' '..lastpart, tspace..BCd..tspace..oth..tspace) if (minord <= osign) and (osign <= maxord) then if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(23, 'Category series navigation nordinal redirected') end table.insert(navlist, navcenter(i, catlink)) else table.insert(navlist, hidden) if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..hidden..')' end end elseif BC == '' and minord <= osign and osign <= maxord then --e.g. >= "1st parliament" local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..' '..oth..tspace..lastpart, oth ) if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(23, 'Category series navigation nordinal redirected') end table.insert(navlist, navcenter(i, catlink)) else --either out-of-range (hide), or non-temporal + BC = something might be wrong (2nd X parliament BC?); handle exceptions if/as they arise table.insert(navlist, hidden) end i = i + 1 end navo = navo..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navo..'</div>' end end --[[========================={{ nav_wordinal }}=============================]] local function nav_wordinal( frame, firstpart, word, lastpart, minimumword, maximumword, ordinal, frame ) --Module:ConvertNumeric.spell_number2() args: -- ordinal == true : 'second' is output instead of 'two' -- ordinal == false: 'two' is output instead of 'second' local ord2eng = require('Module:ConvertNumeric/तालिका').spell_number2 local eng2ord = require('Module:ConvertNumeric/तालिका').english_to_ordinal local th = 'th' if not ordinal then th = '' eng2ord = require('Module:ConvertNumeric/तालिका').english_to_numeral end local capitalize = nil ~= string.match(word, '^%u') --determine capitalization local nord = eng2ord(string.lower(word)) --operate on/with lowercase, and restore any capitalization later local lspace = ' ' --assume a leading space (most common) local tspace = ' ' --assume a trailing space (most common) if string.match(firstpart, '[%-%(]$') then lspace = '' end --DNE for "Straight-eight engines"-type cats if string.match(lastpart, '^[%-%)]' ) then tspace = '' end --DNE for "Nine-cylinder engines"-type cats --sterilize min/max local maxword_default = 99 local maxword = maxword_default local minword = 1 if minimumword then local num = tonumber(minimumword) if num and 0 < num and num < maxword then minword = num else local ord = eng2ord(minimumword) if 0 < ord and ord < maxword then minword = ord end end end if maximumword then local num = tonumber(maximumword) if num and 0 < num and num < maxword then maxword = num else local ord = eng2ord(tostring(maximumword)) if 0 < ord and ord < maxword then maxword = ord end end end if minword > nord then minword = nord end if maxword < nord then maxword = nord end --determine max existing cat local listoverride = true local n_max = nord local m = 1 while m <= 5 do local n = nord + m local nth = p.addord(n) if not ordinal then nth = n end local w = ord2eng{ num = n, ordinal = ordinal, capitalize = capitalize } local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..w..tspace..lastpart, nth, nil, listoverride ) if catlink.catexists then n_max = n end m = m + 1 end --begin navwordinal local navw = '<div class="toccolours categorySeriesNavigation-range">\n' local navlist = {} local prepad = '' local i = -5 --nav position while i <= 5 do local n = nord + i if n >= 1 then local nth = p.addord(n) if not ordinal then nth = n end if i ~= 0 then --left/right navw local w = ord2eng{ num = n, ordinal = ordinal, capitalize = capitalize } local catlink = catlinkfollowr( frame, firstpart..lspace..ne(w)..tspace..lastpart, ne(nth) ) if minword <= n and n <= maxword then if catlink.rtarget then --a {{Category redirect}} was followed trackcat(24, 'Category series navigation wordinal redirected') end if n <= n_max or maxword ~= maxword_default then table.insert(navlist, prepad..catlink.navelement) --display normally prepad = '' else local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..nth..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = (navlist[#navlist] or '')..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end else local postpad = '<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..nth..'</span>' navlist[#navlist] = (navlist[#navlist] or '')..postpad if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = tlistall[#tlistall]..' ('..postpad..')' end end else --center navw table.insert(navlist, prepad..'<b>'..ne(nth)..'</b>') prepad = '' end else --n < 1 prepad = prepad..'<span style="visibility:hidden"> • '..'0'..th..'</span>' if listall then tlistall[#tlistall] = (tlistall[#tlistall] or '')..' (x)' end end i = i + 1 end -- Add the list navw = navw..horizontal(navlist)..'\n' isolatedcat() if listall then return listalllinks() else return navw..'</div>' end end --[[==========================={{ find_var }}===============================]] local function find_var( pn ) --Extracts the variable text (e.g. 2015, 2015–16, 2000s, 3rd, III, etc.) from a string, --and returns { ['vtype'] = <'year'|'season'|etc.>, <v> = <2015|2015–16|etc.> } local pagename = en(currtitle.text) if pn and pn ~= '' then pagename = pn end local cpagename = 'श्रेणी:'..pagename --limited-Lua-regex workaround local d_season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, ':(%d+s).+%(%d+[–-]%d+%)') --i.e. "1760s in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)" local y_season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, ':(%d+) .+%(%d+[–-]%d+%)') --i.e. "1763 establishments in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)" local e_season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '%s(%d+[–-])$') or --irreg; ending unknown, e.g. "Members of the Scottish Parliament 2021–" mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '%s(%d+[–-]present)$') --e.g. "UK MPs 2019–present" local season = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s%(](%d+[–-]%d+)[%)%s]') or --split in 2 b/c you can't frontier '$'/eos? mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+[–-]%d+)$') local tvseason = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, 'মৌসুম (%d+)') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, 'ধারাবাহিক (%d+)') local patterns = { '%s*(%d+ম)[%s-]', -- Matches Ilike : 1ম or :1ম '%s*(%d+য়)[%s-]', -- Matches Ilike : 1য় or :1য় '%s*(%d+র্থ)[%s-]', -- Matches Ilike : 1র্থ or :1র্থ '%s*(%d+ষ্ঠ)[%s-]', -- Matches Ilike : 1ষ্ঠ or :1ষ্ঠ '%s*(%d+শ)[%s-]', -- Matches Ilike : 1শ or :1শ '%s*(%d+ম)$', -- Matches Ilike : 1ম at the end of the string '%s*(%d+য়)$', -- Matches Ilike : 1য় at the end of the string '%s*(%d+র্থ)$', -- Matches Ilike : 1র্থ at the end of the string '%s*(%d+ষ্ঠ)$', -- Matches Ilike : 1ষ্ঠ at the end of the string '%s*(%d+শ)$' -- Matches Ilike : 1শ at the end of the string } local nordinal for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do nordinal = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, pattern) if nordinal then break end end local decade = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+%-एक%s*दशक)') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+s)$') local year = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d%d%d%d)%s') or --prioritize 4-digit years mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d%d%d%d)$') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)%s') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)$') or --expand/combine exceptions below as needed mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)-এ') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)-related') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%s](%d+)-cylinder') or mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '[:%-VW](%d+)%s') --e.g. "Straight-8 engines" local roman = mw.ustring.match(cpagename, '%s([IVXLCDM]+)%s') local found = d_season or y_season or e_season or season or tvseason or nordinal or decade or year or roman if found then if string.match(found, '%d%d%d%d%d') == nil then --return in order of decreasing complexity/chance for duplication if nordinal and season --i.e. "18th-century establishments in the Province of Quebec (1763–1791)" then return { ['vtype'] = 'nordinal', ['v'] = nordinal } end if d_season then return { ['vtype'] = 'decade', ['v'] = d_season } end if y_season then return { ['vtype'] = 'year', ['v'] = y_season } end if e_season then return { ['vtype'] = 'ending', ['v'] = e_season } end if season then return { ['vtype'] = 'season', ['v'] = season } end if tvseason then return { ['vtype'] = 'tvseason', ['v'] = tvseason } end if nordinal then return { ['vtype'] = 'nordinal', ['v'] = nordinal } end if decade then return { ['vtype'] = 'decade', ['v'] = decade } end if year then return { ['vtype'] = 'year', ['v'] = year } end if roman then return { ['vtype'] = 'roman', ['v'] = roman } end end else --try wordinals ('zeroth' to 'ninety-ninth' only) local eng2ord = require('Module:ConvertNumeric/तालिका').english_to_ordinal local split = mw.text.split(pagename, ' ') for i=1, #split do if eng2ord(tostring(split[i])) > -1 then return { ['vtype'] = 'wordinal', ['v'] = split[i] } end end --try English numerics ('one'/'single' to 'ninety-nine' only) local eng2num = require('Module:ConvertNumeric/तालिका').english_to_numeral local split = mw.text.split(pagename, '[%s%-]') --e.g. "Nine-cylinder engines" for i=1, #split do if eng2num(split[i]) > -1 then return { ['vtype'] = 'enumeric', ['v'] = split[i] } end end end errors = p.errorclass('Function find_var can\'t find the variable text in category "'..pagename..'".') return { ['vtype'] = 'error', ['v'] = p.failedcat(errors, 'V') } end --[[==========================================================================]] --[[ Main ]] --[[==========================================================================]] function p.csn( frame ) --arg checks & handling local args = frame:getParent().args checkforunknownparams(args) --for template args checkforunknownparams(frame.args) --for #invoke'd args local cat = args['cat'] --'testcase' alias for catspace local list = args['list-all-links'] --debugging utility to output all links & followed #Rs local follow = args['follow-redirects'] --default 'yes' local testcase = args['testcase'] local testcasegap = args['testcasegap'] local minimum = args['min'] local maximum = args['max'] local skip_gaps = args['skip-gaps'] local show = args['show'] if show and show ~= '' then if show == 'skip-gaps' then return skipgaps_limit elseif show == 'term-limit' then return term_limit elseif show == 'hgap-limit' then return hgap_limit elseif show == 'ygap-limit' then return ygap_limit end end --apply args local pagename = en(testcase or cat or currtitle.text) local testcaseindent = '' if testcasecolon == ':' then testcaseindent = '\n::' end if follow and follow == 'no' then followRs = false end if list and list == 'yes' then listall = true end if skip_gaps and skip_gaps == 'yes' then skipgaps = true trackcat(26, 'श्रेणी পরিভ্রমণে স্কিপ-গ্যাপস প্যারামিটার ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে') end --ns checks if currtitle.nsText == 'Category' then if cat and cat ~= '' then trackcat(1, 'श्रेणी পরিভ্রমণে ক্যাট প্যারামিটার ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে') end if testcase and testcase ~= '' then trackcat(2, 'श्रेणी পরিভ্রমণে টেস্টকেস প্যারামিটার ব্যবহৃত হয়েছে') end elseif currtitle.nsText == '' then trackcat(30, 'মূল নামস্থানে श्रेणी পরিভ্রমণ') end --find the variable parts of pagename local findvar = find_var(pagename) if findvar.vtype == 'error' then --basic format error checking in find_var() return findvar.v..table.concat(ttrackingcats) end local start = string.match(findvar.v, '^%d+') --the rest is static local findvar_escaped = string.gsub( findvar.v, '%-', '%%%-') local firstpart, lastpart = string.match(pagename, '^(.-)'..findvar_escaped..'(.*)$') if findvar.vtype == 'tvseason' then --double check for cases like "30 Rock (season 3) episodes" firstpart, lastpart = string.match(pagename, '^(.-মৌসুম )'..findvar_escaped..'(.*)$') if firstpart == nil then firstpart, lastpart = string.match(pagename, '^(.-ধারাবাহিক )'..findvar_escaped..'(.*)$') end end firstpart = mw.text.trim(firstpart or '') lastpart = ne(mw.text.trim(lastpart or '')) --call the appropriate nav function, in order of decreasing popularity if findvar.vtype == 'year' then --e.g. "500", "2001"; nav_year..nav_decade; ~75% of cats local nav1 = nav_year( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) local dec = math.floor(findvar.v/10) local decadecat = nil local firstpart_dec = firstpart lastpart = string.gsub(lastpart, '-को ', 'को ') lastpart = string.gsub(lastpart, '-मा ', 'मा ') local decade = dec..'0-एक दशक' decadecat = mw.text.trim( firstpart..' '..ne(decade)..lastpart) local exists = catexists(decadecat) if exists then navborder = false trackcat(28, 'वर्ष र दशक श्रेणी नेभिगेसन') local nav2 = nav_decade( frame, firstpart_dec, decade, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) return wrap( nav1, nav2 ) elseif ttrackingcats[16] ~= '' then --nav_year isolated; check nav_hyphen (e.g. UK MPs 1974, Moldovan MPs 2009, etc.) local hyphen = '–' local finish = start local nav2 = nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyphen, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minimum, maximum, testcasegap )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) if ttrackingcats[16] ~= '' then return wrap( nav1 ) --still isolated; rv to nav_year else return wrap( nav2 ) end else --regular nav_year return wrap( nav1 ) end elseif findvar.vtype == 'decade' then --e.g. "0s", "2010s"; nav_decade..nav_nordinal; ~12% of cats local nav1 = nav_decade( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) local decade = tonumber(string.match(findvar.v, '^(%d+)-एक दशक')) local century = math.floor( ((decade-1)/100) + 1 ) --from {{CENTURY}} if century == 0 then century = 1 end --no 0th century if string.match(decade, '00$') then century = century + 1 --'2000' is in the 20th, but the rest of the 2000s is in the 21st end lastpart = string.gsub(lastpart, 'मा', '') lastpart = string.gsub(lastpart, 'र ', '') lastpart = string.gsub(lastpart, ' ', '') local clastpart = ' शताब्दी '..lastpart local centurycat = mw.text.trim( firstpart..' '..ne(p.addord(century))..clastpart ) local exists = catexists(centurycat) if not exists then -- check for hyphenated century clastpart = ' शताब्दी '..lastpart centurycat = mw.text.trim( firstpart..' '..ne(p.addord(century))..clastpart ) exists = catexists(centurycat) end if not exists then clastpart = ' शताब्दी '..lastpart -- Fixed variable name centurycat = mw.text.trim( firstpart..' '..ne(p.addord(century))..clastpart ) exists = catexists(centurycat) end if exists then navborder = false trackcat(29, 'दशक र शताब्दी श्रेणी नेभिगेसन') local nav2 = nav_nordinal( frame, firstpart, century, clastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) return wrap( nav1, nav2 ) else return wrap( nav1 ) end elseif findvar.vtype == 'nordinal' then --e.g. "1st", "99th"; ~7.5% of cats return wrap( nav_nordinal( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'season' then --e.g. "1–4", "1999–2000", "2001–02", "2001–2002", "2005–2010", etc.; ~5.25% local hyphen, finish = mw.ustring.match(findvar.v, '%d([–-])(%d+)') --ascii 150 & 45 (ndash & keyboard hyphen); mw req'd return wrap( nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyphen, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minimum, maximum, testcasegap )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'tvseason' then --e.g. "1", "15" but preceded with "season" or "series"; <1% of cats return wrap( nav_tvseason( frame, firstpart, start, lastpart, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) --"minimum" defaults to 1 elseif findvar.vtype == 'wordinal' then --e.g. "first", "ninety-ninth"; <<1% of cats local ordinal = true return wrap( nav_wordinal( frame, firstpart, findvar.v, lastpart, minimum, maximum, ordinal, frame )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'enumeric' then --e.g. "one", "ninety-nine"; <<1% of cats local ordinal = false return wrap( nav_wordinal( frame, firstpart, findvar.v, lastpart, minimum, maximum, ordinal, frame )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'roman' then --e.g. "I", "XXVIII"; <<1% of cats return wrap( nav_roman( frame, firstpart, findvar.v, lastpart, minimum, maximum )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) elseif findvar.vtype == 'ending' then --e.g. "2021–" (irregular; ending unknown); <<<1% of cats local hyphen, finish = mw.ustring.match(findvar.v, '%d([–-])present$'), -1 --ascii 150 & 45 (ndash & keyboard hyphen); mw req'd if hyphen == nil then hyphen, finish = mw.ustring.match(findvar.v, '%d([–-])$'), 0 --0/-1 are hardcoded switches for nav_hyphen() end return wrap( nav_hyphen( frame, start, hyphen, finish, firstpart, lastpart, minimum, maximum, testcasegap )..testcaseindent..table.concat(ttrackingcats) ) else --malformed errors = p.errorclass('Failed to determine the appropriate nav function from malformed season "'..findvar.v..'". ') return p.failedcat(errors, 'N')..table.concat(ttrackingcats) end end return p dfnuksvt157cney6jiln6jhue60z0ku 0 146681 1358095 1354330 2026-06-07T12:24:45Z ~2026-31719-93 78934 1358095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = रामेश्वर खनाल | native_name = | native_name_lang = | image = | caption = Khanal in 2025 | office = [[अर्थ मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|अर्थ मन्त्री]] | term_start = 15 September 2025 | term_end = 27 March 2026 | president = | prime_minister = [[सुशीला कार्की]] (अन्तरिम ) | deputy = | predecessor = [[विष्णुप्रसाद पौडेल]] | successor = [[स्वर्णिम वाग्ले]] | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1956|06|16}} | birth_place = | party = [[स्वतन्त्र राजनीतिज्ञ|स्वतन्त्र]] | alma_mater = | profession = | honorific_prefix = माननीय }} '''रामेश्वर खनाल''' [[नेपालमा जेन जी आन्दोलन]] बाट बनेको प्रधानमन्त्री [[सुशीला कार्कीको अन्तरिम मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०८२]] का अर्थ मन्त्री हुन् ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=खनाल अर्थमन्त्री, घिसिङ उर्जा सहित तीन मन्त्रालय |url=https://ekantipur.com/politics/2025/09/14/202509141757863784.html?fbclid=IwY2xjawMzv2VleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFOc0E4djk5Y0RNeVRscEUyAR57De4fFTwi6NmIjs4tzUiTx_IINVu8xjwfv-DxTij6pdxLk94iteHLtJWQCQ_aem_7phYSkJBbQ9oiPg9_es7Jw |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=पूर्वअर्थ सचिवसमेत रहेका रामेश्वर खनालले अर्थमन्त्री |url=https://sajilopatrika.com/news/2025/09/22986 |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=sajilopatrika.com |language=ne}} </ref> उनि पूर्वअर्थसचिव समेत हुन् । सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका अर्थ मन्त्रीहरू]] 3oe53tsyz9j78pxsgnzotd2nbi9hqc8 828 150116 1358352 1355677 2026-06-08T05:48:02Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 1358352 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'पुनर्वास नगरपालिका', top = 28.95, bottom = 28.50, left = 80.20, right = 80.65, image = 'पुनर्वास नगरपालिका.png' } ha3moace6eg7zirz0hkr3bh9l39ioth 0 150229 1358356 1357358 2026-06-08T06:40:07Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* इतिहास */ 1358356 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="5" |नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Myanmar_Nepal_Locator.svg|250x250पिक्सेल|Map indicating locations of Myanmar and Nepal]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey;color:inherit;" | |- style="height:0.6em" | style="background:#339933;color:inherit;" | | style="background:#E08020;color:inherit;" | |- ! scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center" |[[File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg|कडी=|पाठ=|बोर्डर|45x45पिक्सेल]]<br />[[म्यानमार]] ! scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;" |[[File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg|कडी=|पाठ=|30x30पिक्सेल| ]]<br />[[नेपाल]] |} '''[[नेपाल]]-[[म्यानमार]]''' बिचको [[कूटनीति|द्विपक्षीय विदेश सम्बन्ध]] आधिकारिक रूपमा १९ मार्च १९६० मा स्थापित भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal, Myanmar sign trade agreement |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/134517/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Setopati}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mm.nepalembassy.gov.np/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Embassy of Nepal – Yangon, Myanmar |language=en-US }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514072338/https://mm.nepalembassy.gov.np/bilateral-relations/ |date=14 May 2024 }}</ref> याङ्गुनमा नेपालको दूतावास छ र [[काठमाडौँ]] मा म्यानमारको दूतावास छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Bijaya |date=5 March 2021 |title=IN PICS: Civil society members stage protest in front of Myanmar Embassy |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/in-pics-civil-society-members-stage-protest-in-front-of-myanmar-embassy/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref> नेपाल र म्यानमार दुवै [[बहुक्षेत्रीय प्राविधिक तथा आर्थिक सहयोगका लागि बङ्गालको खाडीको प्रयास|बिमस्टेक]]"बहुक्षेत्रीय प्राविधिक तथा आर्थिक सहयोगका लागि बङ्गालको खाडीको प्रयास"को सदस्य राष्ट्र हुन् । म्यानमारमा डेढ लाख नेपालीभाषी अहिले पनि छन् । तीमध्ये केही रोजगारीको सिलसिलामा बर्माबाट थाइल्यान्ड वा अन्य देश गएका छन् । दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध अघिसम्म नेपालीहरू काम खोज्नमात्र नभई बसाइँ सरेरै जाने देश बर्मा  हो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=विचार {{!}} बर्मामा भेटिने ‘नेपाल’ |url=https://ekantipur.com/opinion/2019/10/18/157136780451394114.html |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ekagaj.com/news/detail/8549/|title=नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्धको धागो|last=खडेरी|first=सन्तोष|date=फागुन २६, २०७७}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘बर्मा गए कर्म सँगै ! नेपाल गए कपाल सँगै !’ |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/04/755967/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%8f-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%81%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%88-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2 |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> == इतिहास == जनरल [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालको बर्मासित पनि दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्ने प्रयास भएको थियो। [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|नेपाल-अंग्रेज युद्ध]]पछी बर्मा सरकारले-हिन्दुस्थानमा मालसामान किन्न आएका एक व्यापारीमार्फत कलकत्तास्थित नेपाली दुतछेउ सन्देश पठाई नेपाल सरकारसित सम्बन्ध स्थापना गर्ने अभिलाषा प्रकट गर्‍यो। संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० रोज १ का दिन [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]बाट वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले मुख्तियारलाई यस्तो लेखेका थिए तापनि तुरुन्त नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दोत्यसम्बन्धका निम्ति स्थिति अनुकूल हुन सकेन। संवत्‌ १८७५ मा नै सम्बन्ध स्थापनार्थ कुराकानी चलाउन आफ्नो दूतलाई बर्मा पठायो ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> नेपाली दूतले बर्मा गई कुराकानी गर्नका निम्ति नेपाल सरकारले एउटा अख्तियारको सवालपत्र गरिदिएको थियो । तर नेपाल सरकारले आफ्नो दूतलाई बर्मासम्म पठाए पनि तथा बर्मा सरकारको इच्छासमेत भएर पनि नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापित हुन सकेन। यसको कारण थियो- अंग्रेजी शक्ति। [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी|बृटिश कंपनीसरकार]] "नेपालले बर्मासित सम्बन्ध जोडोस्‌" भन्ने कहिल्यै चाहेन, किनभने यसबाट उ आफूलाई खतरा सम्झन्थ्यो। संवत्‌ १८८१ सालमा बर्मा र बृटिश भारतको बीच पहिलो युद्ध छेडिन गएकोले पनि नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापनाका निमित्त औपचारिक ढंगबाट कुरा चलाउनमा ढीलो हुन गयो। == भ्रमण आदानप्रदान == विभिन्न स्तरमा भ्रमण आदानप्रदानबाट दुई देशबीचको द्विपक्षीय सम्बन्ध अझ सुदृढ भएको छ। केही महत्त्वपूर्ण भ्रमणहरू तल सूचीबद्ध गरिएका छन्:<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEPAL-MYANMAR RELATIONS {{!}} Ministry Of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.np/content/1483/nepal-myanmar-relations/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=mofa.gov.np |language=en}}</ref> * राष्ट्रपति [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]] १६ देखि २० अक्टोबर २०१९ राजकीय भ्रमण । * प्रधानसेनापति जनरल [[राजेन्द्र क्षत्री|राजेन्द्र क्षेत्री]]ले ४-८ जुलाई २०१८ मा म्यानमारको सद्भावना भ्रमण । यो नेपालका प्रधानसेनापतिको म्यानमारको पहिलो भ्रमण थियो। * प्रधानमन्त्री [[सुशील कोइराला]]ले ४ मार्च २०१४ मा तेस्रो बिमस्टेक शिखर सम्मेलनमा भाग लिन म्यानमारको भ्रमण। * १९८०- प्रधानमन्त्री [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्ति निधि बिष्ट]]को आधिकारिक भ्रमण * १९८०- [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]]को राजकीय भ्रमण * १९७०- [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]को राजकीय भ्रमण ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपालमा रोहिङ्ग्या शरणार्थी|नेपालमा रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी]] * [[बर्मेली नेपाली]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == थप पढ्नुहोस् == * {{Cite book|last=Śreshṭha|first=Hiraṇyalāla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_0kMwEACAAJ|title=Nepal Myanmar Relations|date=2010|publisher=Janmaitri Prakashan|isbn=978-9937-2-2152-8|language=en}} {{नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको वैदेशिक सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] l8vkmhlyy2blx9z9v914khnzbxqil5t 1358357 1358356 2026-06-08T06:40:47Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* थप पढ्नुहोस् */ 1358357 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="5" |नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Myanmar_Nepal_Locator.svg|250x250पिक्सेल|Map indicating locations of Myanmar and Nepal]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey;color:inherit;" | |- style="height:0.6em" | style="background:#339933;color:inherit;" | | style="background:#E08020;color:inherit;" | |- ! scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center" |[[File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg|कडी=|पाठ=|बोर्डर|45x45पिक्सेल]]<br />[[म्यानमार]] ! scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;" |[[File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg|कडी=|पाठ=|30x30पिक्सेल| ]]<br />[[नेपाल]] |} '''[[नेपाल]]-[[म्यानमार]]''' बिचको [[कूटनीति|द्विपक्षीय विदेश सम्बन्ध]] आधिकारिक रूपमा १९ मार्च १९६० मा स्थापित भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal, Myanmar sign trade agreement |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/134517/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Setopati}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mm.nepalembassy.gov.np/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Embassy of Nepal – Yangon, Myanmar |language=en-US }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514072338/https://mm.nepalembassy.gov.np/bilateral-relations/ |date=14 May 2024 }}</ref> याङ्गुनमा नेपालको दूतावास छ र [[काठमाडौँ]] मा म्यानमारको दूतावास छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Bijaya |date=5 March 2021 |title=IN PICS: Civil society members stage protest in front of Myanmar Embassy |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/in-pics-civil-society-members-stage-protest-in-front-of-myanmar-embassy/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref> नेपाल र म्यानमार दुवै [[बहुक्षेत्रीय प्राविधिक तथा आर्थिक सहयोगका लागि बङ्गालको खाडीको प्रयास|बिमस्टेक]]"बहुक्षेत्रीय प्राविधिक तथा आर्थिक सहयोगका लागि बङ्गालको खाडीको प्रयास"को सदस्य राष्ट्र हुन् । म्यानमारमा डेढ लाख नेपालीभाषी अहिले पनि छन् । तीमध्ये केही रोजगारीको सिलसिलामा बर्माबाट थाइल्यान्ड वा अन्य देश गएका छन् । दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध अघिसम्म नेपालीहरू काम खोज्नमात्र नभई बसाइँ सरेरै जाने देश बर्मा  हो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=विचार {{!}} बर्मामा भेटिने ‘नेपाल’ |url=https://ekantipur.com/opinion/2019/10/18/157136780451394114.html |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ekagaj.com/news/detail/8549/|title=नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्धको धागो|last=खडेरी|first=सन्तोष|date=फागुन २६, २०७७}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘बर्मा गए कर्म सँगै ! नेपाल गए कपाल सँगै !’ |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/04/755967/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%8f-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%81%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%88-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2 |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> == इतिहास == जनरल [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालको बर्मासित पनि दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्ने प्रयास भएको थियो। [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|नेपाल-अंग्रेज युद्ध]]पछी बर्मा सरकारले-हिन्दुस्थानमा मालसामान किन्न आएका एक व्यापारीमार्फत कलकत्तास्थित नेपाली दुतछेउ सन्देश पठाई नेपाल सरकारसित सम्बन्ध स्थापना गर्ने अभिलाषा प्रकट गर्‍यो। संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० रोज १ का दिन [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]बाट वकील चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्यायले मुख्तियारलाई यस्तो लेखेका थिए तापनि तुरुन्त नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दोत्यसम्बन्धका निम्ति स्थिति अनुकूल हुन सकेन। संवत्‌ १८७५ मा नै सम्बन्ध स्थापनार्थ कुराकानी चलाउन आफ्नो दूतलाई बर्मा पठायो ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> नेपाली दूतले बर्मा गई कुराकानी गर्नका निम्ति नेपाल सरकारले एउटा अख्तियारको सवालपत्र गरिदिएको थियो । तर नेपाल सरकारले आफ्नो दूतलाई बर्मासम्म पठाए पनि तथा बर्मा सरकारको इच्छासमेत भएर पनि नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापित हुन सकेन। यसको कारण थियो- अंग्रेजी शक्ति। [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी|बृटिश कंपनीसरकार]] "नेपालले बर्मासित सम्बन्ध जोडोस्‌" भन्ने कहिल्यै चाहेन, किनभने यसबाट उ आफूलाई खतरा सम्झन्थ्यो। संवत्‌ १८८१ सालमा बर्मा र बृटिश भारतको बीच पहिलो युद्ध छेडिन गएकोले पनि नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापनाका निमित्त औपचारिक ढंगबाट कुरा चलाउनमा ढीलो हुन गयो। == भ्रमण आदानप्रदान == विभिन्न स्तरमा भ्रमण आदानप्रदानबाट दुई देशबीचको द्विपक्षीय सम्बन्ध अझ सुदृढ भएको छ। केही महत्त्वपूर्ण भ्रमणहरू तल सूचीबद्ध गरिएका छन्:<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEPAL-MYANMAR RELATIONS {{!}} Ministry Of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.np/content/1483/nepal-myanmar-relations/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=mofa.gov.np |language=en}}</ref> * राष्ट्रपति [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]] १६ देखि २० अक्टोबर २०१९ राजकीय भ्रमण । * प्रधानसेनापति जनरल [[राजेन्द्र क्षत्री|राजेन्द्र क्षेत्री]]ले ४-८ जुलाई २०१८ मा म्यानमारको सद्भावना भ्रमण । यो नेपालका प्रधानसेनापतिको म्यानमारको पहिलो भ्रमण थियो। * प्रधानमन्त्री [[सुशील कोइराला]]ले ४ मार्च २०१४ मा तेस्रो बिमस्टेक शिखर सम्मेलनमा भाग लिन म्यानमारको भ्रमण। * १९८०- प्रधानमन्त्री [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्ति निधि बिष्ट]]को आधिकारिक भ्रमण * १९८०- [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]]को राजकीय भ्रमण * १९७०- [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]को राजकीय भ्रमण ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपालमा रोहिङ्ग्या शरणार्थी|नेपालमा रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी]] * [[बर्मेली नेपाली]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == थप पढ्नुहोस् == * {{Cite book|last=Śreshṭha|first=Hiraṇyalāla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_0kMwEACAAJ|title=Nepal Myanmar Relations|date=2010|publisher=Janmaitri Prakashan|isbn=978-9937-2-2152-8|language=en}} {{नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको वैदेशिक सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] lsk0cmrs0ubllg3op6wlxsr50u2itqj 1358365 1358357 2026-06-08T06:45:42Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* इतिहास */ 1358365 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |+ class="infobox-title" id="5" |नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Myanmar_Nepal_Locator.svg|250x250पिक्सेल|Map indicating locations of Myanmar and Nepal]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lightgrey;color:inherit;" | |- style="height:0.6em" | style="background:#339933;color:inherit;" | | style="background:#E08020;color:inherit;" | |- ! scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center" |[[File:Flag_of_Myanmar.svg|कडी=|पाठ=|बोर्डर|45x45पिक्सेल]]<br />[[म्यानमार]] ! scope="col" style="width:50%; text-align:center; border-left:thin solid lightgrey;" |[[File:Flag_of_Nepal.svg|कडी=|पाठ=|30x30पिक्सेल| ]]<br />[[नेपाल]] |} '''[[नेपाल]]-[[म्यानमार]]''' बिचको [[कूटनीति|द्विपक्षीय विदेश सम्बन्ध]] आधिकारिक रूपमा १९ मार्च १९६० मा स्थापित भएको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal, Myanmar sign trade agreement |url=https://en.setopati.com/political/134517/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Setopati}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Bilateral Relations |url=https://mm.nepalembassy.gov.np/bilateral-relations/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=Embassy of Nepal – Yangon, Myanmar |language=en-US }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240514072338/https://mm.nepalembassy.gov.np/bilateral-relations/ |date=14 May 2024 }}</ref> याङ्गुनमा नेपालको दूतावास छ र [[काठमाडौँ]] मा म्यानमारको दूतावास छ।<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rai |first=Bijaya |date=5 March 2021 |title=IN PICS: Civil society members stage protest in front of Myanmar Embassy |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/in-pics-civil-society-members-stage-protest-in-front-of-myanmar-embassy/ |access-date=26 October 2021 |website=My Republica |language=en}}</ref> नेपाल र म्यानमार दुवै [[बहुक्षेत्रीय प्राविधिक तथा आर्थिक सहयोगका लागि बङ्गालको खाडीको प्रयास|बिमस्टेक]]"बहुक्षेत्रीय प्राविधिक तथा आर्थिक सहयोगका लागि बङ्गालको खाडीको प्रयास"को सदस्य राष्ट्र हुन् । म्यानमारमा डेढ लाख नेपालीभाषी अहिले पनि छन् । तीमध्ये केही रोजगारीको सिलसिलामा बर्माबाट थाइल्यान्ड वा अन्य देश गएका छन् । दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध अघिसम्म नेपालीहरू काम खोज्नमात्र नभई बसाइँ सरेरै जाने देश बर्मा  हो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=विचार {{!}} बर्मामा भेटिने ‘नेपाल’ |url=https://ekantipur.com/opinion/2019/10/18/157136780451394114.html |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Ekantipur |language=ne}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://ekagaj.com/news/detail/8549/|title=नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्धको धागो|last=खडेरी|first=सन्तोष|date=फागुन २६, २०७७}}{{Dead link|date=June 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=‘बर्मा गए कर्म सँगै ! नेपाल गए कपाल सँगै !’ |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2019/04/755967/%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%8f-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%81%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%88-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2 |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}</ref> == इतिहास == जनरल [[भीमसेन थापा]]को समयमा नेपालको बर्मासित पनि दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापित गर्ने प्रयास भएको थियो। [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|नेपाल-अंग्रेज युद्ध]]पछी बर्मा सरकारले-हिन्दुस्थानमा मालसामान किन्न आएका एक व्यापारीमार्फत कलकत्तास्थित नेपाली दुतछेउ सन्देश पठाई नेपाल सरकारसित सम्बन्ध स्थापना गर्ने अभिलाषा प्रकट गर्‍यो। संवत्‌ १८७५ पौष वदि ३० रोज १ का दिन [[कोलकाता|कलकत्ता]]बाट वकील [[चन्द्रशेखर उपाध्याय]]ले मुख्तियारलाई यस्तो लेखेका थिए तापनि तुरुन्त नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दोत्यसम्बन्धका निम्ति स्थिति अनुकूल हुन सकेन। संवत्‌ १८७५ मा नै सम्बन्ध स्थापनार्थ कुराकानी चलाउन आफ्नो दूतलाई बर्मा पठायो ।<ref>{{cite book|title=जनरल भीमसेन थापा र तत्कालीन नेपाल|author=[[चित्तरञ्जन नेपाली]]|page=129-133|date=2020 BS|publisher=मेरी राजभण्डारी|isbn=|url=}}</ref> नेपाली दूतले बर्मा गई कुराकानी गर्नका निम्ति नेपाल सरकारले एउटा अख्तियारको सवालपत्र गरिदिएको थियो । तर नेपाल सरकारले आफ्नो दूतलाई बर्मासम्म पठाए पनि तथा बर्मा सरकारको इच्छासमेत भएर पनि नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापित हुन सकेन। यसको कारण थियो- अंग्रेजी शक्ति। [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी|बृटिश कंपनीसरकार]] "नेपालले बर्मासित सम्बन्ध जोडोस्‌" भन्ने कहिल्यै चाहेन, किनभने यसबाट उ आफूलाई खतरा सम्झन्थ्यो। संवत्‌ १८८१ सालमा बर्मा र बृटिश भारतको बीच पहिलो युद्ध छेडिन गएकोले पनि नेपाल र बर्माको बीच दौत्यसम्बन्ध स्थापनाका निमित्त औपचारिक ढंगबाट कुरा चलाउनमा ढीलो हुन गयो। == भ्रमण आदानप्रदान == विभिन्न स्तरमा भ्रमण आदानप्रदानबाट दुई देशबीचको द्विपक्षीय सम्बन्ध अझ सुदृढ भएको छ। केही महत्त्वपूर्ण भ्रमणहरू तल सूचीबद्ध गरिएका छन्:<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEPAL-MYANMAR RELATIONS {{!}} Ministry Of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.np/content/1483/nepal-myanmar-relations/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |website=mofa.gov.np |language=en}}</ref> * राष्ट्रपति [[विद्यादेवी भण्डारी]] १६ देखि २० अक्टोबर २०१९ राजकीय भ्रमण । * प्रधानसेनापति जनरल [[राजेन्द्र क्षत्री|राजेन्द्र क्षेत्री]]ले ४-८ जुलाई २०१८ मा म्यानमारको सद्भावना भ्रमण । यो नेपालका प्रधानसेनापतिको म्यानमारको पहिलो भ्रमण थियो। * प्रधानमन्त्री [[सुशील कोइराला]]ले ४ मार्च २०१४ मा तेस्रो बिमस्टेक शिखर सम्मेलनमा भाग लिन म्यानमारको भ्रमण। * १९८०- प्रधानमन्त्री [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्ति निधि बिष्ट]]को आधिकारिक भ्रमण * १९८०- [[वीरेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा वीरेन्द्र]]को राजकीय भ्रमण * १९७०- [[महेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा महेन्द्र]]को राजकीय भ्रमण ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपालमा रोहिङ्ग्या शरणार्थी|नेपालमा रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी]] * [[बर्मेली नेपाली]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} == थप पढ्नुहोस् == * {{Cite book|last=Śreshṭha|first=Hiraṇyalāla|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_0kMwEACAAJ|title=Nepal Myanmar Relations|date=2010|publisher=Janmaitri Prakashan|isbn=978-9937-2-2152-8|language=en}} {{नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको वैदेशिक सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] ma1uxnp0gobjftv469yirywfn23snrp 0 150230 1358360 1355958 2026-06-08T06:42:18Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1358360 wikitext text/x-wiki '''रोहिङ्ग्या शरणार्थी'''हरू [[म्यानमार]] [[राखाइन राज्य|राखाइन]] राज्यबाट शरण लिन नेपाल आएका [[रोहिङ्ग्या|रोहिंग्या]] मानिसहरू थिए । रोहिङ्ग्याहरू सन् १९९० को दशक र मुख्यतया २०१२ मा नेपाल प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref name="spotlight2020">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |accessdate=2020-06-13 |work=SpotlightNepal}}</ref> तिनीहरू [[बङ्गलादेश]] र [[भारत]] पार गरेर पूर्वी नेपाल हुँदै आएका थिए। तिनीहरू [[काठमाडौँ]] कपन र [[तराई]] विभिन्न स्थानहरूमा बसोबास गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal and the Rohingya Refugees |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/nepal-and-the-rohingya-refugees/ |accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baral |first=Biswas |title=No country for Rohingya |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/29282/ |accessdate=2020-06-13 |work=My Republica}}</ref> == जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालमा रोहिंग्याहरूको सही जनसङ्ख्या अज्ञात छ। कपनमा ३०० रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी बसेका छन्। नेपालभरि रोहिंग्याहरूको कुल सङ्ख्या ६००<ref name="kpost2020">{{Cite web |title=Opinion {{!}} The Rohingya in Nepal |url=https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2020/01/01/the-rohingya-in-nepal |accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> र ३००० को बीचमा रहेको अनुमान गरिएको छ।<ref name="spotlight2020">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=SpotlightNepal}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMagazine">Magazine, New Spolight. [https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ "Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern"]. ''SpotlightNepal''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == कानूनी स्थिति == नेपालले १९५१ को शरणार्थी महासन्धि वा १९६७ को प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर नगरेको हुनाले, शरणार्थीहरूको सेवा गर्ने नेपालको कुनै कानुनी दायित्व छैन। यद्यपि, नेपालले [[जेनेभा महासन्धि]]ले तोकेका मानव अधिकार सन्धिहरूलाई अनुमोदन गरेको छ त्यसैले यो रोहिंग्याको अधिकारको रक्षा गर्नुपर्ने बाध्यतामा छ।<ref name="kpost2020" /> यसरी, नेपालले रोहिंग्या समुदायलाई शरणार्थीको रूपमा होइन तर अवैध आप्रवासीको रूपमा मान्यता दिन्छ। संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघीय शरणार्थी एजेन्सीले उनीहरूलाई परिचयपत्र र प्रति परिवार प्रति महिना रु ५,००० भत्ता प्रदान गर्छन् तर यसले उनीहरूको आधारभूत आवश्यकता पूरा गर्दैन। ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohingyas in Nepal: Give us citizenship or send us elsewhere – OnlineKhabar |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rohingyas-in-nepal-give-us-citizenship-or-send-us-elsewhere.html |access-date=2020-06-13}}</ref> == अवैध गतिविधि == सन् २०१५ मा पाँच रोहिंग्या शरणार्थीसँग [[मोरङ जिल्ला|मोरङ]] अवैध रूपमा जारी गरिएको नेपाली पासपोर्ट सहित फेला परेका थिए। उनीहरू यी पासपोर्टहरू लिएर सफलतापूर्वक [[साउदी अरब]] प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref name="spotlight2020">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=SpotlightNepal}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMagazine">Magazine, New Spolight. [https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ "Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern"]. ''SpotlightNepal''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] * [[नेपालमा शरणार्थी]] * [[भारतमा रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] 7qzg8htkjgjh8hg6ccukpf4d7v1bj07 1358363 1358360 2026-06-08T06:43:51Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1358363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''रोहिङ्ग्या शरणार्थी'''हरू [[म्यानमार]] [[राखाइन राज्य|राखाइन]] राज्यबाट शरण लिन नेपाल आएका [[रोहिङ्ग्या|रोहिंग्या]] मानिसहरू थिए । रोहिङ्ग्याहरू सन् १९९० को दशक र मुख्यतया २०१२ मा नेपाल प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref name="spotlight2020">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |accessdate=2020-06-13 |work=SpotlightNepal}}</ref> तिनीहरू [[बङ्गलादेश]] र [[भारत]] पार गरेर पूर्वी नेपाल हुँदै आएका थिए। तिनीहरू [[काठमाडौँ]] कपन र [[तराई]] विभिन्न स्थानहरूमा बसोबास गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal and the Rohingya Refugees |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/nepal-and-the-rohingya-refugees/ |accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baral |first=Biswas |title=No country for Rohingya |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/29282/ |accessdate=2020-06-13 |work=My Republica}}</ref> == जनसङ्ख्या == नेपालमा रोहिंग्याहरूको सही जनसङ्ख्या अज्ञात छ। कपनमा ३०० रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी बसेका छन्। नेपालभरि रोहिंग्याहरूको कुल सङ्ख्या ६००<ref name="kpost2020">{{Cite web |title=Opinion {{!}} The Rohingya in Nepal |url=https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2020/01/01/the-rohingya-in-nepal |accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> र ३००० को बीचमा रहेको अनुमान गरिएको छ।<ref name="spotlight2020">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=SpotlightNepal}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMagazine">Magazine, New Spolight. [https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ "Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern"]. ''SpotlightNepal''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> == कानूनी स्थिति == नेपालले १९५१ को शरणार्थी महासन्धि वा १९६७ को प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर नगरेको हुनाले, शरणार्थीहरूको सेवा गर्ने नेपालको कुनै कानुनी दायित्व छैन। यद्यपि, नेपालले [[जेनेभा महासन्धि]]ले तोकेका मानव अधिकार सन्धिहरूलाई अनुमोदन गरेको छ त्यसैले यो रोहिंग्याको अधिकारको रक्षा गर्नुपर्ने बाध्यतामा छ।<ref name="kpost2020" /> यसरी, नेपालले रोहिंग्या समुदायलाई शरणार्थीको रूपमा होइन तर अवैध आप्रवासीको रूपमा मान्यता दिन्छ। संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघीय शरणार्थी एजेन्सीले उनीहरूलाई परिचयपत्र र प्रति परिवार प्रति महिना रु ५,००० भत्ता प्रदान गर्छन् तर यसले उनीहरूको आधारभूत आवश्यकता पूरा गर्दैन। ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rohingyas in Nepal: Give us citizenship or send us elsewhere – OnlineKhabar |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rohingyas-in-nepal-give-us-citizenship-or-send-us-elsewhere.html |access-date=2020-06-13}}</ref> == अवैध गतिविधि == सन् २०१५ मा पाँच रोहिंग्या शरणार्थीसँग [[मोरङ जिल्ला|मोरङ]] अवैध रूपमा जारी गरिएको नेपाली पासपोर्ट सहित फेला परेका थिए। उनीहरू यी पासपोर्टहरू लिएर सफलतापूर्वक [[साउदी अरब]] प्रवेश गरेका थिए।<ref name="spotlight2020">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=SpotlightNepal}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMagazine">Magazine, New Spolight. [https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ "Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern"]. ''SpotlightNepal''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-13</span></span>.</cite></ref> ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] * [[नेपालमा शरणार्थी]] * [[भारतमा रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा शरणार्थी]] 03g9efeh0u846mhnmmxvs302576gdl7 0 150231 1358361 1356114 2026-06-08T06:42:59Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू */ 1358361 wikitext text/x-wiki [[नेपाल]] मा [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र शरणार्थी उच्च आयोग|संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघीय शरणार्थी उच्चायुक्त]] (युएनएचसीआर) द्वारा आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता प्राप्त ४० हजार ४९० शरणार्थी छन्। भारतीय, तिब्बती, रोहिङ्ग्या र भुटानी शरणार्थीहरू नेपालको शरणार्थी जनसङ्ख्याको ठूलो हिस्सा हुन्। शरणको मरण हुन दिन नहुने’ पूर्वीय मान्यतासमेत विशुद्ध मानवीय आधारमा स्थापित अवधारणा हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=शरणार्थीका सवाल, तेस्रो मुलुक पुनर्वास र आसन्न सार्क सम्मेलन - INSEC Online |url=https://inseconline.org/forum/%e0%a4%b6%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8b-%e0%a4%ae/ |access-date=2026-05-19 |language=ne-NP}}</ref> == भुटानका शरणार्थी == {{मुख्य|भुटानी शरणार्थी}} १९९० को दशकको सुरुवातमा, भूटान सरकारले वंशजको नागरिकता र नागरिक अधिकार हटाउने नयाँ कानून ल्याएपछि लगभग १,०६,००० [[भुटानी शरणार्थी|भुटानी शरणार्थीहरू]] पूर्वी नेपालमा संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघको निरीक्षणमा रहेका सात शिविरहरूमा बसोबास गरे।<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher,IRIN,,BTN,491946b81e,0.html Nepal: Bhutanese refugees find new life beyond the camps] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008021239/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/publisher%2CIRIN%2C%2CBTN%2C491946b81e%2C0.html|date=2012-10-08}}</ref> नेपालमा काम गर्ने वा जग्गा स्वामित्वको अधिकार बिना यी शरणार्थीहरू संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघबाट प्राप्त खाद्य सहायतामा निर्भर छन्।<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20091112215444/http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-43808420091109 U.N. resumes full food aid to Bhutan refugees in Nepal]</ref> शरणार्थीहरूलाई भुटान फिर्ता पठाउने उद्देश्यले गरिएका धेरै असफल छलफलहरू पछि, धेरैजसो शरणार्थीहरूलाई अब संयुक्त राष्ट्रसंघीय शरणार्थी उच्चायुक्त (युएनएचसीआर) र International Organization for Migration को सहयोगमा अन्य अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गन्तव्यहरूमा पुनर्वास गरिएको छ। २००७ मा भुटानी शरणार्थी पुनर्वास पहल सुरु भएदेखि युएनएचसीआरले १,००,००० भन्दा बढी शरणार्थीहरूलाई स्थानान्तरण गरिसकेको छ। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले यी शरणार्थीहरूमध्ये ८४,००० भन्दा बढीलाई आश्रय दिएको छ, बाँकी अष्ट्रेलिया, क्यानडा, नर्वे, न्यूजील्याण्ड, डेनमार्क, संयुक्त अधिराज्य र नेदरल्याण्ड्समा सरेका छन्।<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/4aa641446.html Over 20,000 Bhutanese refugees resettled from Nepal]</ref> नेपालमा रहेका पाँच भुटानी शरणार्थी शिविरहरूः # [[बेलडाँडी गाउँपालिका|बेलडाँगी]] शिविर # [[गोलधाप]] शरणार्थी शिविर # [[खुदुनाबारी]] शरणार्थी शिविर # [[शनिश्चरे, झापा|शनिस्चरे]] शरणार्थी शिविर # टिमाइ शरणार्थी शिविर == तिब्बतका शरणार्थी == सन् १९५९,१९६० र १९६१ मा तिब्बती विद्रोह र [[चौधौँ दलाई लामा|दलाई लामा]] निर्वासनपछि २०,००० भन्दा बढी तिब्बतीहरू नेपाल बसाइँ सरेका थिए। त्यसबेलादेखि धेरैजना भारतमा बसाइँ सरेका छन् वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रेड क्रस समिति, [[नेपाल सरकार]], स्विस सरकार, प्राविधिक सहयोगका लागि सेवाहरू स्विट्जरल्याण्ड, र अष्ट्रेलियाली शरणार्थी समितिले स्थापना गरेको शरणार्थी शिविरहरूमा बसोबास गरेका छन्।<ref name="settlements">{{Cite web |title=CTRC ::: Tibetan Settlements in Nepal |url=http://www.tibetgov.net/set-nep.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610023107/http://www.tibetgov.net:80/set-nep.html |archive-date=2010-06-10 |access-date=2025-02-18 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100610023107/http://www.tibetgov.net/set-nep.html |date=2010-06-10 }}</ref> हाल नेपालमा बाह्रवटा तिब्बती शरणार्थी शिविरहरू छन्, प्रत्येकको निरीक्षण केन्द्रीय तिब्बती प्रशासन नियुक्त प्रतिनिधिको पर्यवेक्षणमा गरिन्छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tibetan Settlemnts in Nepal {{!}} > Tashi-Palkhel Settlement, Dhud Kharka, Pokhara |url=http://www.tibetgov.net/nepal/settlements/tashipalkyil-np.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601212108/http://tibetgov.net:80/nepal/settlements/tashipalkyil-np.html |archive-date=2011-06-01 |access-date=2025-02-18 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110601212108/http://tibetgov.net/nepal/settlements/tashipalkyil-np.html |date=2011-06-01 }}</ref> # चोजोर (चोरटेन र जोरपाटी) # डेलेकिङ, चिल्सा, सोलुखुम्बु # नोर्जिलिङ तिब्बती बस्ती दोरपट्टन, बाग्लुङ # जाम्पलिङ, लोद्रिक, तनहुँ # नामग्यालिङ, त्सेरोक, मुस्ताङ # पाल्जोर्लिङ, लोड्रिक, पोखरा # फाक्सिङ र ग्याल्सा # ग्यागेलिङ, रसुवा, डुंचे # समदुपलिङ, जावलाखेल # टसी पालखील, पोखरा # ताशिलिङ, पोखरा # साम्फेलिंग, वालुङ, ताप्लेजुङ == म्यानमारका शरणार्थी == {{मुख्य|नेपालमा रोहिङ्ग्या शरणार्थी}} रोहिङ्ग्याहरू सन् १९९० को दशक र मुख्यतया २०१२ मा नेपाल आएका थिए।<ref name="spotlight20202">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |accessdate=2020-06-13 |work=SpotlightNepal}}</ref> तिनीहरू [[बङ्गलादेश]] र [[भारत]] पार गरेर पूर्वी नेपाल प्रवेश गरेका थिए। तिनीहरू [[बङ्गलादेश]] र [[भारत]] पार गरेर पूर्वी नेपाल हुँदै आएका थिए। तिनीहरू [[काठमाडौँ]] कपन र [[तराई]] विभिन्न स्थानहरूमा बसोबास गरेका छन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal and the Rohingya Refugees |url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/nepal-and-the-rohingya-refugees/ |accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Baral |first=Biswas |title=No country for Rohingya |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/29282/ |accessdate=2020-06-13 |work=My Republica}}</ref> कपनमा ३०० रोहिंग्या शरणार्थी बसेका छन्। नेपालभरि रोहिंग्याहरूको कुल सङ्ख्या ६००<ref name="kpost2020">{{Cite web |title=Opinion {{!}} The Rohingya in Nepal |url=https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2020/01/01/the-rohingya-in-nepal |accessdate=2020-06-13}}</ref> र ३००० को बीचमा रहेको अनुमान गरिएको छ।<ref name="spotlight2020">{{Cite web |last=Magazine |first=New Spolight |title=Rohingyas Refugees Entry In Nepal A Cause Of Concern |url=https://www.spotlightnepal.com/2019/12/30/rohingyas-refugees-entry-nepal-cause-concern/ |access-date=2020-06-13 |website=SpotlightNepal}}</ref> == अफगान शरणार्थी == सन् २०२१ मा अफगानिस्तानमा तालिबान प्रशासनले सत्ता हातमा लिएपछि अफगान शरणार्थीहरू भारत हुँदै नेपाल आउन थाले। उनीहरू भारतीय सीमाबाट प्रवेश गरेका थिए। उनीहरू [[संयुक्त राष्ट्र शरणार्थी उच्च आयोग|युएनएचसीआर]] निगरानीमा रहेका छन्। हाल दिल्लीमा रहेका धेरै अफगानीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गर्ने अपेक्षा गरिएको छ।<ref>{{Cite web |title=भित्रिन थाले अफगान 'शरणार्थी'- समाचार - कान्तिपुर समाचार |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2021/10/25/163512234438116619.html |accessdate=2021-10-25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2021 |title=Afghans in Nepal await resettlement- Nepali Times |url=https://www.nepalitimes.com/here-now/afghans-in-nepal-await-resettlement/ |accessdate=2021-10-25}}</ref> == अन्य शरणार्थीहरू == ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा शरणार्थी]] sasyqir1juo64ti3qzm0bh1udiv2jvt 0 150436 1358093 1358092 2026-06-07T12:17:48Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन */ 1358093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[ब्रेजनेव|ब्रेज्नेभको]] शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। ===ककेसस=== ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो। ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] kbj665zaa7a6x42sorae7pqkq5u7cig 1358101 1358093 2026-06-07T12:50:34Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* अगस्ट कु को प्रयास */ 1358101 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[ब्रेजनेव|ब्रेज्नेभको]] शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। ===ककेसस=== ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 8mg4smcia5w24dxwktqobw1nt1803if 1358104 1358101 2026-06-07T13:25:46Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल */ 1358104 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[ब्रेजनेव|ब्रेज्नेभको]] शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। ===ककेसस=== ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। Gorbachev's speech, as well as the replacement of the Soviet flag with the Russian flag, symbolically marked the end of the Soviet Union. However, the final legal step in the Soviet Union's demise came on 26 December, when the [[Soviet of Nationalities]], the upper chamber of the [[Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union]], ratified the Belavezha Accords, effectively voting the Soviet Union out of existence<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (the lower chamber, the [[Soviet of the Union]], had been unable to work since 12 December, when the recall of the Russian deputies left it without a [[quorum]]).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> The following day Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev's former office,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> though the Russian authorities had taken over the suite two days earlier. The [[Soviet Armed Forces]] were placed under the command of the [[Commonwealth of Independent States]], but were eventually subsumed by the newly independent republics, with the bulk becoming the [[Russian Armed Forces|Armed Forces of the Russian Federation]]. By the end of 1991, the few remaining Soviet institutions that had not been taken over by Russia ceased operation, and individual republics assumed the central government's role. == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 6082yjp36b59lbw8ydqedr7o1vgh93k 1358106 1358104 2026-06-07T13:37:00Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल */ 1358106 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[ब्रेजनेव|ब्रेज्नेभको]] शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। ===ककेसस=== ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] c92cbhe8vecphjszucc9xql3qyp62q0 1358107 1358106 2026-06-07T13:38:36Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल */ 1358107 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[ब्रेजनेव|ब्रेज्नेभको]] शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। ===ककेसस=== ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 9wqfblj7mhs9xutvrd8z6a5x81k9erl 1358332 1358107 2026-06-08T04:35:45Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* १९९१ */ 1358332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[लियोनिद ब्रेझनेभ|ब्रेज्नेभ]]को शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। === ककेसस: जर्जिया === सोभियत संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहको प्रतिक्रियामा, ३१ मार्च १९९१ मा, जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको विषयमा स्वतन्त्रता जनमत संग्रह आयोजना गरियो। दक्षिण ओसेटियन र अब्खाज अल्पसंख्यकहरूले बहिष्कार गरे यो जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरेका थिए । त्यस महिनाको सुरुमा भएको सोभियत संघमा नै रहने भन्ने जनमत संग्रहमा उनीहरू उपस्थित थिए। ९९.५% जर्जियाली मतदाताले जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको पुनर्स्थापनाको पक्षमा मतदान गरे जबकि ०.५% ले यसको विपक्षमा मतदान गरे। मतदान ९०.६% थियो। <ref name="Cornell">Cornell, Svante E., [http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf ''Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630141309/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf|date=30 June 2007}}. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 163. University of Uppsala, {{ISBN|91-506-1600-5}}.</ref> ९ अप्रिल १९९१ मा, तिब्लिसीमा भएको नरसंहारको दुई वर्ष पछि र लिथुआनियाले पुनर्स्थापित स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरेको एक वर्ष दुई महिना पछि, जर्जियाली सोभियत गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले पूर्ण सत्रमा सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाले प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रलाई अपदस्त गरेको ७० वर्ष पछि, सोभियत संघबाट जर्जियाको स्वतन्त्रताको औपचारिक पुनर्गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। जर्जियाले गरेको स्वतन्त्रताको यो ऐतिहासिक घोषणाले यसलाई सोभियत संघबाट आधिकारिक रूपमा अलग हुने कोकेशियन गणराज्यहरूमध्ये पहिलो र समग्रमा अहिलेसम्म तेस्रो गणराज्य बनायो। ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] gg0eknhgzn8y3umckmnpzrmde6pfa9i 1358333 1358332 2026-06-08T04:37:16Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* १९९१ */ 1358333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[लियोनिद ब्रेझनेभ|ब्रेज्नेभ]]को शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। === ककेसस: जर्जिया === सोभियत संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहको प्रतिक्रियामा, ३१ मार्च १९९१ मा, जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको विषयमा स्वतन्त्रता जनमत संग्रह आयोजना गरियो। दक्षिण ओसेटियन र अब्खाज अल्पसंख्यकहरूले बहिष्कार गरे यो जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरेका थिए । त्यस महिनाको सुरुमा भएको सोभियत संघमा नै रहने भन्ने जनमत संग्रहमा उनीहरू उपस्थित थिए। ९९.५% जर्जियाली मतदाताले जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको पुनर्स्थापनाको पक्षमा मतदान गरे जबकि ०.५% ले यसको विपक्षमा मतदान गरे। मतदान ९०.६% थियो। <ref name="Cornell">Cornell, Svante E., [http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf ''Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630141309/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf|date=30 June 2007}}. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 163. University of Uppsala, {{ISBN|91-506-1600-5}}.</ref> ९ अप्रिल १९९१ मा, तिब्लिसीमा भएको नरसंहारको दुई वर्ष पछि र लिथुआनियाले पुनर्स्थापित स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरेको एक वर्ष दुई महिना पछि, जर्जियाली सोभियत गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले पूर्ण सत्रमा सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाले प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रलाई अपदस्त गरेको ७० वर्ष पछि, सोभियत संघबाट जर्जियाको स्वतन्त्रताको औपचारिक पुनर्गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। जर्जियाले गरेको स्वतन्त्रताको यो ऐतिहासिक घोषणाले यसलाई सोभियत संघबाट आधिकारिक रूपमा अलग हुने कोकेशियन गणराज्यहरूमध्ये पहिलो र समग्रमा अहिलेसम्म तेस्रो गणराज्य बनायो। === बाल्टिक === ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 5judua8arvcyao9mzyri3c1rs09a8n6 1358338 1358333 2026-06-08T04:46:49Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* मस्कोको सङ्कट */ 1358338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}डिसेम्बर २६, १९९१ मा [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[लियोनिद ब्रेझनेभ|ब्रेज्नेभ]]को शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। == आर्थिक संकट == [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। == गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू == [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> । रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== १४ जनवरी १९९१ मा, निकोलाई रिज्कोभले सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री वा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को अध्यक्षको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए र सोभियत संघको नयाँ प्रधानमन्त्री मा भ्यालेन्टिन पाभलोभ बने। १७ मार्च १९९१ मा, संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहमा ७७.८५% मतदाताले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणलाई समर्थन गरे।<ref>[http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme 1991: March Referendum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330025028/http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme|date=30 March 2014}} SovietHistory.org</ref> बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू, आर्मेनिया, जर्जिया र मोल्डोभाले जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरे साथै चेचेनो-इङ्गुशेतिया (रूस भित्रको एक स्वायत्त गणराज्य जसमा स्वतन्त्रताको तीव्र इच्छा थियो, र अहिले आफूलाई इच्केरिया भनेर चिनाउँछ) पनि बहिष्कार गरे। <ref>Charles King, ''The Ghost of Freedom: History of the Caucasus''</ref> अन्य नौ गणराज्यहरूमा, बहुमत मतदाताहरूले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणाको समर्थन गरे, जर्जियाली क्षेत्रहरू दक्षिण ओसेशिया र अबखाजियाकामा पनि संघको निरन्तरताको पक्षमा पनि मतदान गरे। ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्य ले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। === ककेसस: जर्जिया === सोभियत संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहको प्रतिक्रियामा, ३१ मार्च १९९१ मा, जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको विषयमा स्वतन्त्रता जनमत संग्रह आयोजना गरियो। दक्षिण ओसेटियन र अब्खाज अल्पसंख्यकहरूले बहिष्कार गरे यो जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरेका थिए । त्यस महिनाको सुरुमा भएको सोभियत संघमा नै रहने भन्ने जनमत संग्रहमा उनीहरू उपस्थित थिए। ९९.५% जर्जियाली मतदाताले जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको पुनर्स्थापनाको पक्षमा मतदान गरे जबकि ०.५% ले यसको विपक्षमा मतदान गरे। मतदान ९०.६% थियो। <ref name="Cornell">Cornell, Svante E., [http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf ''Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630141309/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf|date=30 June 2007}}. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 163. University of Uppsala, {{ISBN|91-506-1600-5}}.</ref> ९ अप्रिल १९९१ मा, तिब्लिसीमा भएको नरसंहारको दुई वर्ष पछि र लिथुआनियाले पुनर्स्थापित स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरेको एक वर्ष दुई महिना पछि, जर्जियाली सोभियत गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले पूर्ण सत्रमा सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाले प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रलाई अपदस्त गरेको ७० वर्ष पछि, सोभियत संघबाट जर्जियाको स्वतन्त्रताको औपचारिक पुनर्गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। जर्जियाले गरेको स्वतन्त्रताको यो ऐतिहासिक घोषणाले यसलाई सोभियत संघबाट आधिकारिक रूपमा अलग हुने कोकेशियन गणराज्यहरूमध्ये पहिलो र समग्रमा अहिलेसम्म तेस्रो गणराज्य बनायो। === बाल्टिक === ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 3prsg8m8n343m6g36hgxxtfvl3fpec0 1358339 1358338 2026-06-08T05:00:20Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}१९९१ डिसेम्बर २६ मा, [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]सँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। यो प्रक्रिया देशका विभिन्न घटक गणराज्यहरूमा बढ्दो अशान्तिसँगै सुरु भयो। अशान्ति गणराज्य र केन्द्रीय सरकार बीचको निरन्तर राजनीतिक र विधायीकी द्वन्द्वमा परिणत भयो। १६ नोभेम्बर १९८८ मा संघ भित्र राज्य सार्वभौमिकता घोषणा गर्ने इस्टोनिया पहिलो सोभियत गगणराज्य थियो। लिथुआनिया सोभियत संघबाट पुनर्स्थापित पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता घोषणा गर्ने पहिलो गणराज्य थियो, त्यसपछि यसको बाल्टिक छिमेकी लाटभिया, र दक्षिणी काकेशस गणराज्य जर्जिया अर्को दुई महिनामा यसमा सामेल भयो। १९९१ को अगस्टको असफल कुको समयमा, कम्युनिस्ट कट्टरपन्थी र सैन्य अभिजात वर्गले गोर्बाचेभलाई अपदस्थ गर्ने र असफल सुधारहरूलाई रोक्ने प्रयास गरे। यद्यपि, उथलपुथलको कारण केन्द्रीय सरकारले मस्कोको प्रभाव गुमायो, अन्ततः धेरै गणराज्यहरूले त्यसपछिका दिन र महिनाहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरे। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[लियोनिद ब्रेझनेभ|ब्रेज्नेभ]]को शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। === आर्थिक संकट === [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। === गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू === [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== १४ जनवरी १९९१ मा, निकोलाई रिज्कोभले सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री वा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को अध्यक्षको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए र सोभियत संघको नयाँ प्रधानमन्त्री मा भ्यालेन्टिन पाभलोभ बने। १७ मार्च १९९१ मा, संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहमा ७७.८५% मतदाताले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणलाई समर्थन गरे।<ref>[http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme 1991: March Referendum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330025028/http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme|date=30 March 2014}} SovietHistory.org</ref> बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू, आर्मेनिया, जर्जिया र मोल्डोभाले जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरे साथै चेचेनो-इङ्गुशेतिया (रूस भित्रको एक स्वायत्त गणराज्य जसमा स्वतन्त्रताको तीव्र इच्छा थियो, र अहिले आफूलाई इच्केरिया भनेर चिनाउँछ) पनि बहिष्कार गरे। <ref>Charles King, ''The Ghost of Freedom: History of the Caucasus''</ref> अन्य नौ गणराज्यहरूमा, बहुमत मतदाताहरूले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणाको समर्थन गरे, जर्जियाली क्षेत्रहरू दक्षिण ओसेशिया र अबखाजियाकामा पनि संघको निरन्तरताको पक्षमा पनि मतदान गरे। ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्यले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। === ककेसस: जर्जिया === सोभियत संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहको प्रतिक्रियामा, ३१ मार्च १९९१ मा, जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको विषयमा स्वतन्त्रता जनमत संग्रह आयोजना गरियो। दक्षिण ओसेटियन र अब्खाज अल्पसंख्यकहरूले बहिष्कार गरे यो जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरेका थिए । त्यस महिनाको सुरुमा भएको सोभियत संघमा नै रहने भन्ने जनमत संग्रहमा उनीहरू उपस्थित थिए। ९९.५% जर्जियाली मतदाताले जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको पुनर्स्थापनाको पक्षमा मतदान गरे जबकि ०.५% ले यसको विपक्षमा मतदान गरे। मतदान ९०.६% थियो। <ref name="Cornell">Cornell, Svante E., [http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf ''Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630141309/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf|date=30 June 2007}}. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 163. University of Uppsala, {{ISBN|91-506-1600-5}}.</ref> ९ अप्रिल १९९१ मा, तिब्लिसीमा भएको नरसंहारको दुई वर्ष पछि र लिथुआनियाले पुनर्स्थापित स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरेको एक वर्ष दुई महिना पछि, जर्जियाली सोभियत गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले पूर्ण सत्रमा सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाले प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रलाई अपदस्त गरेको ७० वर्ष पछि, सोभियत संघबाट जर्जियाको स्वतन्त्रताको औपचारिक पुनर्गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। जर्जियाले गरेको स्वतन्त्रताको यो ऐतिहासिक घोषणाले यसलाई सोभियत संघबाट आधिकारिक रूपमा अलग हुने कोकेशियन गणराज्यहरूमध्ये पहिलो र समग्रमा अहिलेसम्म तेस्रो गणराज्य बनायो। === बाल्टिक === ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] de72btf9lppchc3mpcrpzaiepxxtn9s 1358402 1358339 2026-06-08T11:32:13Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* १९९१ */ 1358402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}१९९१ डिसेम्बर २६ मा, [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]सँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। यो प्रक्रिया देशका विभिन्न घटक गणराज्यहरूमा बढ्दो अशान्तिसँगै सुरु भयो। अशान्ति गणराज्य र केन्द्रीय सरकार बीचको निरन्तर राजनीतिक र विधायीकी द्वन्द्वमा परिणत भयो। १६ नोभेम्बर १९८८ मा संघ भित्र राज्य सार्वभौमिकता घोषणा गर्ने इस्टोनिया पहिलो सोभियत गगणराज्य थियो। लिथुआनिया सोभियत संघबाट पुनर्स्थापित पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता घोषणा गर्ने पहिलो गणराज्य थियो, त्यसपछि यसको बाल्टिक छिमेकी लाटभिया, र दक्षिणी काकेशस गणराज्य जर्जिया अर्को दुई महिनामा यसमा सामेल भयो। १९९१ को अगस्टको असफल कुको समयमा, कम्युनिस्ट कट्टरपन्थी र सैन्य अभिजात वर्गले गोर्बाचेभलाई अपदस्थ गर्ने र असफल सुधारहरूलाई रोक्ने प्रयास गरे। यद्यपि, उथलपुथलको कारण केन्द्रीय सरकारले मस्कोको प्रभाव गुमायो, अन्ततः धेरै गणराज्यहरूले त्यसपछिका दिन र महिनाहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरे। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[लियोनिद ब्रेझनेभ|ब्रेज्नेभ]]को शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। === आर्थिक संकट === [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। === गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू === [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। == १९९० == === सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले पाँच गणराज्य गुमायो === === सोभियत संघ र रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्य बीचको प्रतिस्पर्धा === === बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू === === ककेशस === === पश्चिमी गणराज्यहरू === === मध्य एसियाली गणराज्यहरू === ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== १४ जनवरी १९९१ मा, निकोलाई रिज्कोभले सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री वा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को अध्यक्षको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए र सोभियत संघको नयाँ प्रधानमन्त्री मा भ्यालेन्टिन पाभलोभ बने। १७ मार्च १९९१ मा, संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहमा ७७.८५% मतदाताले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणलाई समर्थन गरे।<ref>[http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme 1991: March Referendum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330025028/http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme|date=30 March 2014}} SovietHistory.org</ref> बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू, आर्मेनिया, जर्जिया र मोल्डोभाले जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरे साथै चेचेनो-इङ्गुशेतिया (रूस भित्रको एक स्वायत्त गणराज्य जसमा स्वतन्त्रताको तीव्र इच्छा थियो, र अहिले आफूलाई इच्केरिया भनेर चिनाउँछ) पनि बहिष्कार गरे। <ref>Charles King, ''The Ghost of Freedom: History of the Caucasus''</ref> अन्य नौ गणराज्यहरूमा, बहुमत मतदाताहरूले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणाको समर्थन गरे, जर्जियाली क्षेत्रहरू दक्षिण ओसेशिया र अबखाजियाकामा पनि संघको निरन्तरताको पक्षमा पनि मतदान गरे। ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्यले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। === ककेसस: जर्जिया === सोभियत संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहको प्रतिक्रियामा, ३१ मार्च १९९१ मा, जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको विषयमा स्वतन्त्रता जनमत संग्रह आयोजना गरियो। दक्षिण ओसेटियन र अब्खाज अल्पसंख्यकहरूले बहिष्कार गरे यो जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरेका थिए । त्यस महिनाको सुरुमा भएको सोभियत संघमा नै रहने भन्ने जनमत संग्रहमा उनीहरू उपस्थित थिए। ९९.५% जर्जियाली मतदाताले जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको पुनर्स्थापनाको पक्षमा मतदान गरे जबकि ०.५% ले यसको विपक्षमा मतदान गरे। मतदान ९०.६% थियो। <ref name="Cornell">Cornell, Svante E., [http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf ''Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630141309/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf|date=30 June 2007}}. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 163. University of Uppsala, {{ISBN|91-506-1600-5}}.</ref> ९ अप्रिल १९९१ मा, तिब्लिसीमा भएको नरसंहारको दुई वर्ष पछि र लिथुआनियाले पुनर्स्थापित स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरेको एक वर्ष दुई महिना पछि, जर्जियाली सोभियत गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले पूर्ण सत्रमा सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाले प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रलाई अपदस्त गरेको ७० वर्ष पछि, सोभियत संघबाट जर्जियाको स्वतन्त्रताको औपचारिक पुनर्गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। जर्जियाले गरेको स्वतन्त्रताको यो ऐतिहासिक घोषणाले यसलाई सोभियत संघबाट आधिकारिक रूपमा अलग हुने कोकेशियन गणराज्यहरूमध्ये पहिलो र समग्रमा अहिलेसम्म तेस्रो गणराज्य बनायो। === बाल्टिक === ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 8lprchgjy0prx80d8xghb121kht8td5 1358403 1358402 2026-06-08T11:45:40Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले पाँच गणराज्य गुमायो */ 1358403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}१९९१ डिसेम्बर २६ मा, [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]सँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। यो प्रक्रिया देशका विभिन्न घटक गणराज्यहरूमा बढ्दो अशान्तिसँगै सुरु भयो। अशान्ति गणराज्य र केन्द्रीय सरकार बीचको निरन्तर राजनीतिक र विधायीकी द्वन्द्वमा परिणत भयो। १६ नोभेम्बर १९८८ मा संघ भित्र राज्य सार्वभौमिकता घोषणा गर्ने इस्टोनिया पहिलो सोभियत गगणराज्य थियो। लिथुआनिया सोभियत संघबाट पुनर्स्थापित पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता घोषणा गर्ने पहिलो गणराज्य थियो, त्यसपछि यसको बाल्टिक छिमेकी लाटभिया, र दक्षिणी काकेशस गणराज्य जर्जिया अर्को दुई महिनामा यसमा सामेल भयो। १९९१ को अगस्टको असफल कुको समयमा, कम्युनिस्ट कट्टरपन्थी र सैन्य अभिजात वर्गले गोर्बाचेभलाई अपदस्थ गर्ने र असफल सुधारहरूलाई रोक्ने प्रयास गरे। यद्यपि, उथलपुथलको कारण केन्द्रीय सरकारले मस्कोको प्रभाव गुमायो, अन्ततः धेरै गणराज्यहरूले त्यसपछिका दिन र महिनाहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरे। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[लियोनिद ब्रेझनेभ|ब्रेज्नेभ]]को शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। === आर्थिक संकट === [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। === गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू === [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। == १९९० == === सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले पाँच गणराज्य गुमायो === ७ फेब्रुअरी १९९० मा, सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको केन्द्रीय समितिले पार्टीले राजनीतिक शक्तिमा आफ्नो [[एकाधिकार]] त्याग्नुपर्छ भन्ने गोर्बाचेभको सिफारिसलाई स्वीकार गर्‍यो। <ref>{{cite web |title=Soviet Communist Party gives up monopoly on political power: This Day in History – 2/7/1990 |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviet-communist-party-gives-up-monopoly-on-political-power |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122002621/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviet-communist-party-gives-up-monopoly-on-political-power |archive-date=22 January 2018 |access-date=23 June 2011 |publisher=History.com}}</ref> १९९० मा, सोभियत संघका सबै पन्ध्र घटक गणराज्यहरूले आफ्नो पहिलो प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनाव सम्पन्न भयो, जसमा सुधारवादी र जातीय राष्ट्रवादीहरूले धेरै सिटहरू जिते। कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले पाँच गणराज्यहरूमा चुनाव हार्‍यो: लिथुआनिया, मोल्डोभा, इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया, जर्जियामा घटक गणराज्यहरूले आफ्ना राज्यको सार्वभौमिकता घोषणा गर्न थाले र मस्को केन्द्रीय सरकारसँग "कानूनको युद्ध" सुरु गर्‍यो; गणराज्यहरूले स्थानीय कानूनहरूसँग बाझिने संघ-व्यापी कानूनलाई अस्वीकार गरे, आफ्नो स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा नियन्त्रण कायम राखे, र सोभियत सरकारलाई कर तिर्न अस्वीकार गरे। लिथुआनियाले लिथुआनियाली पुरुषहरूलाई सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनामा अनिवार्य सेवा गर्नुपर्ने नियम अन्त्य गर्‍यो। यो द्वन्द्वले आपूर्ति प्रणाली अवरुद्ध हुँदा आर्थिक अव्यवस्था निम्त्यायो र सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रमा थप गिरावट आयो। <ref name="Russia, The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy">Acton, Edward (1995). ''Russia, The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy''. Longman Group Ltd. {{ISBN|0-582-08922-0}}.</ref> === सोभियत संघ र रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्य बीचको प्रतिस्पर्धा === === बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू === === ककेशस === === पश्चिमी गणराज्यहरू === === मध्य एसियाली गणराज्यहरू === ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== १४ जनवरी १९९१ मा, निकोलाई रिज्कोभले सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री वा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को अध्यक्षको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए र सोभियत संघको नयाँ प्रधानमन्त्री मा भ्यालेन्टिन पाभलोभ बने। १७ मार्च १९९१ मा, संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहमा ७७.८५% मतदाताले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणलाई समर्थन गरे।<ref>[http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme 1991: March Referendum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330025028/http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme|date=30 March 2014}} SovietHistory.org</ref> बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू, आर्मेनिया, जर्जिया र मोल्डोभाले जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरे साथै चेचेनो-इङ्गुशेतिया (रूस भित्रको एक स्वायत्त गणराज्य जसमा स्वतन्त्रताको तीव्र इच्छा थियो, र अहिले आफूलाई इच्केरिया भनेर चिनाउँछ) पनि बहिष्कार गरे। <ref>Charles King, ''The Ghost of Freedom: History of the Caucasus''</ref> अन्य नौ गणराज्यहरूमा, बहुमत मतदाताहरूले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणाको समर्थन गरे, जर्जियाली क्षेत्रहरू दक्षिण ओसेशिया र अबखाजियाकामा पनि संघको निरन्तरताको पक्षमा पनि मतदान गरे। ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्यले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। === ककेसस: जर्जिया === सोभियत संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहको प्रतिक्रियामा, ३१ मार्च १९९१ मा, जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको विषयमा स्वतन्त्रता जनमत संग्रह आयोजना गरियो। दक्षिण ओसेटियन र अब्खाज अल्पसंख्यकहरूले बहिष्कार गरे यो जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरेका थिए । त्यस महिनाको सुरुमा भएको सोभियत संघमा नै रहने भन्ने जनमत संग्रहमा उनीहरू उपस्थित थिए। ९९.५% जर्जियाली मतदाताले जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको पुनर्स्थापनाको पक्षमा मतदान गरे जबकि ०.५% ले यसको विपक्षमा मतदान गरे। मतदान ९०.६% थियो। <ref name="Cornell">Cornell, Svante E., [http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf ''Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630141309/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf|date=30 June 2007}}. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 163. University of Uppsala, {{ISBN|91-506-1600-5}}.</ref> ९ अप्रिल १९९१ मा, तिब्लिसीमा भएको नरसंहारको दुई वर्ष पछि र लिथुआनियाले पुनर्स्थापित स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरेको एक वर्ष दुई महिना पछि, जर्जियाली सोभियत गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले पूर्ण सत्रमा सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाले प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रलाई अपदस्त गरेको ७० वर्ष पछि, सोभियत संघबाट जर्जियाको स्वतन्त्रताको औपचारिक पुनर्गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। जर्जियाले गरेको स्वतन्त्रताको यो ऐतिहासिक घोषणाले यसलाई सोभियत संघबाट आधिकारिक रूपमा अलग हुने कोकेशियन गणराज्यहरूमध्ये पहिलो र समग्रमा अहिलेसम्म तेस्रो गणराज्य बनायो। === बाल्टिक === ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] 7nicdqg0ec1fr8eh21orzikslynyy6t 1358404 1358403 2026-06-08T11:51:22Z Bishaldev100 28807 /* सोभियत संघ र रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्य बीचको प्रतिस्पर्धा */ 1358404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox event | title = सोभियत संघको विघटन{{Efn|{{langx|ru|Распад Советского Союза|Raspád Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, also negatively connoted as {{langx|ru|Развал Советского Союза|Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza}}, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''.}} | Image_Name = Map of USSR with SSR names.svg | Imagesize = 300px | Image_Alt = Labeled map of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics of the Soviet Union. Listed include: | caption = Between 1990 and 1991, all 15 [[Republics of the Soviet Union|Republics]] broke out from the Soviet Union. | participants = {{bulleted list|सोभियत संघ|सोभियत सरकार|सोभियत गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|सोभियत स्वायत्त गणराज्यका सरकारहरू|[[राष्ट्रवाद|राष्ट्रवादी]] र [[उदारवाद|उदारवादी]] विपक्षी}} | date = {{nowrap|{{start and end dates|1988|11|16|1991|12|26|df=y}}}}<br>(3 years, 1 month, and 10 days) | location = {{Collapsible list |title=[[सोभियत सङ्घ]] |bullets=on |'''पूर्व सोभियत गणराज्य''':<br/> * [[रसिया]], * [[युक्रेन]], * [[बेलारुस]],{{ref label|a|a}} * [[लिथुआनिया]], * [[लात्भिया]], * [[इस्टोनिया]], * [[मोल्दोभा]],{{ref label|c|c}} * [[जर्जिया]], * [[आर्मेनिया]], * [[अजरबैजान]], * [[कजाख्स्तान|कजाखस्तान]], * [[तुर्कमेनिस्तान|तुर्केमिनिस्तान]],{{ref label|p|d}} * [[उज्बेकिस्तान]] * [[ताजिकिस्तान]], * [[किर्गिस्तान]],{{ref label|b|b}} |'''[[Post-Soviet states#Separatist conflicts|Self-proclaimed breakaway states]]'''{{ref label|e|e}}:<br/> * '''अब्खाजिया''' (1992–present), * [[Republic of Artsakh|Artsakh]] (1991–2023), * [[Chechen Republic of Ichkeria|Ichkeria]] (1991–2000), * [[Republic of Crimea (Russia)|Crimea]] (1992; 2014), * [[Gagauz Republic|Gagauzia]] (1990–95), * [[Karakalpakstan]] (1992–93), * [[Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic|Nakhchivan]] (1990–93), * '''[[South Ossetia]]''' (1992–present), * [[Tatarstan#Present-day|Tatarstan]] (1992–94), * '''ट्रास्न्सनिस्ट्रिया''' (1990–present) }} | cause = {{Collapsible list |title=विघटनको कारणहरू |bullets=on| मुल कारण * आर्थिक सुस्तताको युग * सोभियत संघ भित्र जातीय तनाब * [[ग्लास्नोस्त]] र [[पेरेस्त्रोइका]] नीति * आर्थिक तथा राजनैतिक बिराम, विशेष गरी [[वार्सा सम्झौता|वार्सा सन्धी]]मा * सोभियत राज्यहरूमा कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी, सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी बिरोधी, र पश्चिमा सर्मर्थक प्रदर्शन }} | result = {{Collapsible list|सोभियत संघ १५ स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूमा बिखन्डन |सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शासनको अन्त्य |एघार स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरू बीच कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेनडेन्ट स्टेट्सको स्थापना |पूर्व स्वायत्त क्षेत्रहरूमा कयौं पृथकतावादी आन्दोलन, अधिकांश असफल |कयौं सैन्य द्वन्द र जातीय तनाब, जसबाट मानबीय संकट उत्पन्न भयो र धेरै मानिसहरू बिस्थापित भए |Republics declare [[multi-party system|multi-party]] [[Presidential republic|presidential]] or [[semi-presidential republic|semi-presidential]] systems|Republics move to adopt [[capitalism|capitalist]] [[market economy]]|[[Soviet ruble|Ruble]] zone active in most of the new states between 1991 and 1994, with national currencies adopted later|Unified [[Soviet Armed Forces]] divided {{Circa|1992}}–1993|[[Black Sea Fleet dispute]] between Russia and Ukraine from 1992 to 1997 and its [[Partition Treaty on the Status and Conditions of the Black Sea Fleet|partition]] in 1997.|Lease of [[Sevastopol Naval Base]] to [[Russia]], [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|terminated in 2014]]|Issues with value loss of savings of former Soviet citizens|Issues with social and medical support for veterans of the [[Soviet–Afghan War]]|Relocation of the [[Soviet Armed Forces]] from [[East Germany]] and the rest of [[Central Europe]]|Economic support to [[North Korea]] had stopped|Start of the [[Special Period]] in [[Cuba]]|End of the [[Cold War]] with [[Western Bloc]] victory|Decline of [[Communism|communist]] and far-left movements around the world|[[चीन]] बिश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो कम्युनिस्ट राष्ट्र रह्यो। | अमेरिका विश्वको एकमात्र [[महाशक्ति]] बन्यो। }} | partof = [[शीतयुद्ध]] | notes = <div style="text-align: left">{{nowrap|{{note|a}} Then romanized as ''Byelorussia'' ({{langx|ru|Белоруссия}}).}}<br/>{{note|b}} Then romanized as ''Kirghizia'' ({{langx|ru|Киргизия}}).<br/>{{note|c}} Then romanized as ''Moldavia'' ({{langx|ru|Молдавия}}).<br/>{{note|d}} Then romanized as ''Turkmenia'' ({{langx|ru|Туркмения}}).<br/>{{note|e}} States in '''bold''' still exist to this present day.</div> | mapframe = no }}१९९१ डिसेम्बर २६ मा, [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]]को विघटन भएको घोषणा भयो। यो घोषणामा सोभियत संघका पूर्व गणतन्त्रहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यको रूपमा मान्यता दिइयो। विघटन हुनुभन्दा अघि [[मिखाइल गोर्बाचोभ|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] सोभियत संघका राष्ट्रपति थिए। विघटनको घोषणा हुनुभन्दा अघिल्लो दिन उनले राजीनामा दिएका थिए। यो विघटन प्रक्रियाको सुरुवात सामान्यतया गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गर्नुसँग सम्बन्धित छ। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रक्रिया धेरै पहिले नै सुरु भइसकेको थियो। १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको पतन धेरै कारणहंरू थिए: दीर्घकालीन आर्थिक सुस्तता, [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]सँगको हतियार दौड र विदेशी द्वन्द्वको दिगो वित्तीय भार, यसका आंगिक गणराज्यहरू भित्र तीव्र जातीय राष्ट्रवाद र पृथकतावाद, र गोर्बाचेभको सुधारहरू (विशेष गरी ग्लासनोस्ट र पेरेस्ट्रोइका) को अस्थिरता बनाउने प्रभावहरू। यो प्रक्रिया देशका विभिन्न घटक गणराज्यहरूमा बढ्दो अशान्तिसँगै सुरु भयो। अशान्ति गणराज्य र केन्द्रीय सरकार बीचको निरन्तर राजनीतिक र विधायीकी द्वन्द्वमा परिणत भयो। १६ नोभेम्बर १९८८ मा संघ भित्र राज्य सार्वभौमिकता घोषणा गर्ने इस्टोनिया पहिलो सोभियत गगणराज्य थियो। लिथुआनिया सोभियत संघबाट पुनर्स्थापित पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता घोषणा गर्ने पहिलो गणराज्य थियो, त्यसपछि यसको बाल्टिक छिमेकी लाटभिया, र दक्षिणी काकेशस गणराज्य जर्जिया अर्को दुई महिनामा यसमा सामेल भयो। १९९१ को अगस्टको असफल कुको समयमा, कम्युनिस्ट कट्टरपन्थी र सैन्य अभिजात वर्गले गोर्बाचेभलाई अपदस्थ गर्ने र असफल सुधारहरूलाई रोक्ने प्रयास गरे। यद्यपि, उथलपुथलको कारण केन्द्रीय सरकारले मस्कोको प्रभाव गुमायो, अन्ततः धेरै गणराज्यहरूले त्यसपछिका दिन र महिनाहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरे। २५ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए र आणविक प्रक्षेपण कोडहरूको नियन्त्रण सहित - आफ्नो राष्ट्रपतिय अधिकार - [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]लाई सुम्पिए, जो अब [[रुसको राष्ट्रपति|रूसी संघका पहिलो राष्ट्रपति]] बनेका थिए। त्यो साँझ, सोभियत झण्डा अन्तिम पटक क्रेमलिनबाट तल झारियो र [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा झण्डा]] फहराइयो। भोलिपल्ट, सोभियत संघको माथिल्लो सदनको सर्वोच्च सोभियत, गणतन्त्रहरूको सोभियतले औपचारिक रूपमा संघलाई विघटन गर्‍यो। <ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite journal |title=Declaration No. 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law. |url=https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%92%D0%A1_%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A1%D0%A0_%D0%BE%D1%82_26.12.1991_%E2%84%96_142-%D0%9D |journal=Russian Wikisource |language=ru}}</ref> यस घटनाको परिणामस्वरूप यसका १५ घटक गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता प्राप्त गरे र [[शीतयुद्ध]]को अन्त्य भयो।<ref>{{Cite news |last=Marques |first=Clara Ferreira |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-hasessons-for-china |title=For China, USSR's 1991 Collapse is Still News It Can Use |newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=23 December 2021 |access-date=4 January 2023 |archive-date=7 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230107200259/https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-12-23/30-years-later-soviet-union-s-collapse-still-has-lessons-for-china |url-status=live }}</ref> == पृष्ठभूमि == [[चित्र:Soviet_Union_Administrative_Divisions_1989.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|500x500पिक्सेल|१९८९ मा उदय भएका सोभियत संघका भागहरू]] १९१७ को बोल्सेभिक क्रान्तिले सोभियत संघ भनिने नयाँ [[साम्यवाद|कम्युनिस्ट]] राज्यलाई जन्म दियो। सोभियत संघले सुरुमा नै स्पष्ट पारेको थियो कि यसको राजनीतिक प्रणाली र कम्युनिस्ट संगठनहरू समाजवादी विचारधारामा आधारित हुनेछन्, र कम्युनिस्ट मार्क्सवादी विश्वदृष्टिकोण राष्ट्रिय हित परिभाषित गर्ने एकमात्र मापदण्ड हुनेछ। स्वाभाविक रूपमा, [[पूँजीवाद|पूँजीवादी]] पश्चिमी राज्यहरूले यो क्रान्तिकारी कम्युनिस्ट राज्यलाई आफ्नो प्राकृतिक शत्रुको रूपमा बुझे। १९२० र १९३० को दशकमा [[भ्लादिमिर लेनिन|लेनिनको]] मृत्युपछि, [[जोसेफ स्टालिन|स्टालिनले]] आफूलाई सर्वोच्च नेताको रूपमा स्थापित गरे, देशमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको [[तानाशाही]] स्थापना भयो। स्टालिनले आफ्ना विरोधीहरूलाई क्रूरतापूर्वक समाप्त पारे र दमन गरे। यस कारण सोभियत संघलाई लोकतन्त्रको उल्लङ्घन गर्ने राज्यको रूपमा चिनियो। स्टालिनको मृत्यु पछि पनि, [[निकिता ख्रुश्चेभ|ख्रुश्चेभ]] र [[लियोनिद ब्रेझनेभ|ब्रेज्नेभ]]को शासनकालमा अधिनायकवादी प्रवृत्तिहरू कायम रह्यो। नागरिक स्वतन्त्रता, प्रशासन र विदेश यात्रामा प्रतिबन्धहरू जारी रहे। एक अर्थमा, जनभावनामाथि "फलामको पर्दा" राखिएको थियो। "[[सर्वहारावर्गको अधिनायकत्व|सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व]]" को अर्थ नै सर्वहारा वर्गको हातमा शक्ति हुनुपर्छ भन्ने थियो। श्रमजीवी जनताको आधारभूत अधिकारको ग्यारेन्टी गर्नु र राज्य नीति निर्माणमा उनीहरूको सहभागिता सुनिश्चित गर्नु समाजवादी प्रजातन्त्रको सार थियो। सोभियत संघले यो प्रजातन्त्र स्थापना गर्ने प्रयास गरेन। फलस्वरूप, "सर्वहारा वर्गको अधिनायकत्व" सर्वहारा वर्गमाथि राज्य र पार्टीको शीर्ष पदमा रहेका नेताहरूको अधिनायकत्वमा परिणत भयो। जनता राज्य र प्रणालीप्रति उदासीन भए। उनीहरूको उदासीनता र आक्रोश यस्तो स्तरमा पुग्यो कि जब प्रणाली समाप्त भयो, जनताको कुनै पनि वर्गबाट यसको बचाउमा एक आवाज पनि उठेन। [[रुस|रूस]] भौगोलिक रूपमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो राज्य मात्र थिएन, तर यसको जनसंख्या पनि अदभूत बिबिधतायुक्त थियो। रूसी जारहरूले यो विशाल साम्राज्यलाई केन्द्रीय प्रशासन अन्तर्गत ल्याउन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, तर सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यसलाई केन्द्रीकृत गर्ने प्रयास गरे, र यो जातीय विविधता सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रिय एकता र अखण्डताको लागि खतरा बनी रह्यो। सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले यो जटिल समस्याको समाधान खोज्न सकेन। [[शीतयुद्ध|शीतयुद्धको समयमा,]] पश्चिमी शक्तिहरूको प्रचारले यो चुनौतीलाई बढाउँदै लग्यो। सोभियत साम्राज्यले आफ्नो प्रभावमा ल्याएपछि [[हङ्गेरी|हंगेरी]], [[पोल्यान्ड|पोल्याण्ड]], [[चेकोस्लोभाकिया]], [[रोमानिया]] आदि सबै पूर्वी देशहरूमा स्वतन्त्रताको चाहना सोभियत साम्राज्यको लागि चिन्ताको विषय बनेको थियो। सोभियत संघको कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले अगाडि सारेका आर्थिक विकास र सामाजिक पुनर्निर्माणका उपायहरू असफल साबित भए। [[लिओन त्रोत्स्की|ट्रोटस्की]] जस्ता आलोचकहरूले धेरै पहिले स्टालिनका नीतिहरूलाई समाजवाद प्रति विश्वासघातको रूपमा निन्दा गरेका थिए र ख्रुश्चेभले पनि स्टालिन र स्टालिनवादको निन्दा गरेका थिए। ख्रुश्चेभको शासनकालमा, [[माओ त्सेतुङ|माओवादी]] चीनले पनि सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट क्रान्तिकारी राज्य हुन छोडेको र सुधारवादी, प्रतिक्रियावादी, अवसरवादी, सम्झौतावादी शक्ति बनेको आरोप लगाउन थालेको थियो। यसरी, सोभियत नेतृत्वले आफ्ना सहयोगीहरू, अन्य कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूको विश्वास गुमायो। यसलाई सामूहिक, राष्ट्रिय र क्रान्तिकारी हितभन्दा आफ्नो राष्ट्रिय हितलाई प्राथमिकता दिने रूपमा हेरिएको थियो। चाहे त्यो सोभियत-चीन विवाद होस् वा पूर्वी युरोपका कम्युनिष्ट देशहरूमा असन्तुष्टि, यी सबैले सोभियत कम्युनिष्टहरूलाई कमजोर बनाए। सोभियत संघको विघटनको लागि कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको शीर्ष नेतृत्व पनि केही हदसम्म जिम्मेवार थियो। सोभियत संघमा पार्टी र राज्य बीच कुनै भिन्नता नभएकोले, पार्टी र राज्य दुवैको नेतृत्व उनीहरूसँगै रह्यो। पार्टी नेतृत्व आफ्नो विशेषाधिकार प्राप्त जीवनशैली, नातावाद र भ्रष्ट अभ्यासहरूका लागि कुख्यात भयो। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत नेताहरूले जनताका लागि आदर्शको रूपमा आफ्नो भूमिका गुमाए। === आर्थिक संकट === [[आर्थिक विकास|आर्थिक विकासको]] सन्दर्भमा, सैन्य र रणनीतिक क्षेत्रमा सोभियत उपलब्धिहरू अमेरिकीहरूको बराबर र कहिलेकाहीं उछिनेको देखिए पनि, यी उपलब्धिहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक वृद्धि दरलाई उल्लेखनीय रुपमा पछि पार्‍यो। वास्तवमा, उन्नत अनुसन्धानको लागि प्रतिस्पर्धा, हतियार उत्पादनमा अत्यधिक खर्च, र आफ्नो प्रभुत्व कायम राख्न अन्य देशहरू (अफगानिस्तान, प्यालेस्टाइन) को आन्तरिक समस्याहरूमा हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रको पतन निम्त्यायो। यसबाहेक, पूर्वी युरोपमा स्थापित समाजवादी राज्यहरूलाई आर्थिक, सैन्य र राजनीतिक समर्थन प्रदान गर्नु सोभियत संघको नैतिक जिम्मेवारी थियो। यसबाहेक, नयाँ स्वतन्त्र देशहरूको अर्थतन्त्रलाई अमेरिकी शिविरमा पर्नबाट रोक्न आर्थिक सहयोग प्रदान गर्नु यसको नीति थियो। यी सबै कारणहरूले सोभियत संघको आर्थिक पतन निम्त्यायो। १९७० देखि १९८५ सम्म सोभियत संघको वृद्धि दर १०% ले घट्यो। मेसिनरी र उपकरण निर्यातको हिस्सा घट्यो। कृषि र औद्योगिक उत्पादनमा गिरावट आयो। फलस्वरूप, उपभोग्य वस्तुहरूको लागि लामो लाइनहरू बन्न थाले, र नागरिकहरूको जीवनस्तर घट्यो। यसरी, औसत उपभोक्ताको लागि अभाव सामान्य कुरा हुन थाल्यो। शीतयुद्धको समयमा पश्चिमी प्रचार कम्युनिष्ट प्रणाली उत्पादन र वितरण दुवैमा पूर्ण असफल भएको प्रमाणित गर्नमा केन्द्रित थियो। अभावको यो वातावरण, बढ्दो उपभोक्ता असन्तुष्टि, अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताको अभाव र मानव अधिकार उल्लङ्घनले सोभियत प्रणालीलाई अझ चर्काएको थियो। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकासँग [[परमाणु निर्मित अस्त्र-शस्त्रों|आणविक हतियारमा]] प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने महत्वाकांक्षाले सोभियत संघको अर्थतन्त्रमा ठूलो बोझ ल्यायो। राष्ट्रपति रेगनको नेतृत्वमा घोषणा गरिएको [[स्टार वार्स परियोजना|स्टार वार्स परियोजनालाई]] रद्द गर्न, सोभियत संघले आफ्नो रक्षा बजेटमा भारी वृद्धि गर्नुपर्‍यो। सोही समयमा, सोभियत संघले [[अफगानिस्तान|अफगानिस्तानमा]] सैन्य हस्तक्षेप गर्‍यो। यो हस्तक्षेपले सोभियत संघमा आर्थिक बोझ मात्र थपेन तर यसलाई अलोकप्रिय पनि बनायो। यसले सोभियत संघलाई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा पूर्ण रूपमा एक्लो बनायो। त्यही समयमा, पूर्वी युरोपमा कम्युनिस्ट सोभियत साम्राज्यलाई चुनौती दिँदै क्रान्तिकारी आन्दोलन सुरु भयो। पोल्याण्डमा, सैन्य संगठन " [[सॉलिडेटरी|सोलिडारिटी" ले]] आफ्नो देशको कम्युनिस्ट पार्टी विरुद्ध लडिरहेको थियो, र [[रोमानिया|रोमानियामा]], [[चेचेस्क्यू|चाउसेस्कुको]] भ्रष्ट शासनलाई समर्थन गर्न गाह्रो हुँदै गइरहेको थियो। यी परिस्थितिहरूमा मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभले सत्ता ग्रहण गरे। === गोर्बाचेभ र उनका नीतिहरू === [[चित्र:Mikhail_Gorbachev_1987.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|305x305पिक्सेल|मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ]] मिखाइल गोर्बाचेभ ११ मार्च १९८५ मा पोलिटब्युरोद्वारा महासचिवमा निर्वाचित भए। उनको चयन उनका पूर्ववर्ती कोन्स्टान्टिन चेर्नेन्कोको ७३ वर्षको उमेरमा मृत्यु भएको चार घण्टाभन्दा बढी समयपछि भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |title=Chernenko is Dead in Moscow at 73; Gorbachev Succeeds Him and Urges Arms Control and Economic Vigor |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स|date=12 March 1985 |access-date=5 October 2020 |archive-date=8 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008023935/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/12/world/chernenko-dead-moscow-73-gorbachev-succeeds-him-urges-arms-control-economic.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ५४ वर्षीय गोर्बाचेभ पोलिटब्युरोका सबैभन्दा कान्छा सदस्य थिए। महासचिवको रूपमा उनको प्रारम्भिक लक्ष्य स्थिर सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रलाई पुनर्जीवित गर्नु थियो। त्यसो गर्न अन्तर्निहित राजनीतिक र सामाजिक संरचनाहरूमा सुधार आवश्यक पर्ने उनले महसुस गरे।<ref>{{cite web |date=27 March 2009 |title=Михаил Сергеевич Горбачёв (Mikhail Sergeyevičh Gorbačhëv) |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191111111753/http://www.archontology.org/nations/ussr/ussr_state/gorbachev.php |archive-date=11 November 2019 |access-date=3 April 2009 |publisher=Archontology}}</ref> सुधारको सुरुवात ब्रेज्नेभ-युगका वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूको कर्मचारी परिवर्तनबाट सुरु भयो जसले राजनीतिक र आर्थिक परिवर्तनमा बाधा पुर्‍याउन सक्थे।<ref>{{cite book|last1=Carrere D'Encausse |first1=Helene|title=The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations|url=https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr |url-access=registration |date=1993|publisher=BasicBooks |location=New York|isbn=978-0-465-09812-5|page=[https://archive.org/details/endofsovietemp00carr/page/16 16]|edition=English |translator-first= Franklin|translator-last= Philip}}</ref> २३ अप्रिल १९८५ मा, गोर्बाचेभले दुई कार्यकर्ता, येगोर लिगाचेभ र निकोलाई रिज्कोभलाई पूर्ण सदस्यको रूपमा पोलिटब्यूरोमा ल्याए। उनले केजीबी प्रमुख भिक्टर चेब्रिकोभलाई उम्मेदवारबाट पूर्ण सदस्यमा पदोन्नति गरेर र रक्षामन्त्री मार्शल सर्गेई सोकोलोभलाई पोलिटब्यूरोको उम्मेदवारको रूपमा नियुक्त गरेर "शक्तिशाली" मन्त्रालयहरूलाई अनुकूल बनाए। गोर्बाचेभको सुधारले ल्याएको अभिव्यक्ति स्वतन्त्रताले सोभियत संघ भित्र राष्ट्रवादी आन्दोलन र जातीय विवादहरूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्न र प्रमुख राजनीतिक आन्दोलनहरूमा बढ्न छुट दियो।{{Sfnp|Beissinger|2009|pages=5–6}} यसले अप्रत्यक्ष रूपमा १९८९ को क्रान्तिहरूको नेतृत्व पनि गर्‍यो जसमा वार्सा सम्झौताको सोभियत-समर्थित समाजवादी शासनहरू शान्तिपूर्ण (रोमानियाको उल्लेखनीय अपवाद बाहेक) रूपमा ढालिए ।,<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |title=Gorbachev's role in 1989 turmoil |work=बिबिसी न्युज |date=1 April 2009 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=9 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409121205/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/7972755.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> यस घटनाले गोर्बाचेभमाथि सोभियत संघका घटक गणराज्यहरूका लागि बढी प्रजातन्त्र र स्वायत्तता लागू गर्न दबाब बढायो। गोर्बाचेभको नेतृत्वमा, १९८९ मा सोभियत संघ कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले नयाँ केन्द्रीय व्यवस्थापिका, जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेस मा सीमित प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनावहरू सुरु गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |title=The Gorbachev Plan: Restructuring Soviet Power |work=The New York Times |date=30 June 1988 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516202450/http://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/30/world/the-gorbachev-plan-restructuring-soviet-power.html |url-status=live }}</ref> ((यद्यपि अन्य राजनीतिक दलहरूमाथिको प्रतिबन्ध १९९० सम्म हटाइएको थिएन)<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |title=The Third Russian Revolution; Transforming the Communist Party |work=द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स |date=8 February 1990 |access-date=30 March 2013 |archive-date=16 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516201709/http://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/08/opinion/the-third-russian-revolution-transforming-the-communist-party.html |url-status=live }}</ref> रूसको आर्थिक अवस्था सुधार गर्न र साम्यवादलाई सकारात्मक रूपमा बलियो बनाउन, गोर्बाचेभले उस्कोरेनी (त्वरण), पेरेस्ट्रोइका (पुनर्संरचना), र ग्लासनोस्त (खुलापन) भनेर चिनिने आफ्ना विशिष्ट नीतिहरूको घोषणा गरे। <ref name="m446">{{Cite web |title=Gorbachev and Perestroika |url=https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/short-history/gorbachev |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Short History |ref={{sfnref|Short History}}}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभको उद्देश्य यी अवधारणाहरू मार्फत सोभियत प्रणालीलाई आमूल रूपान्तरण गर्नु थियो। उनको प्रयास नयाँ परिवर्तनहरू ल्याएर साम्यवादको जग प्रदान गर्नु थियो। त्यसैले, उनको परिवर्तनलाई दोस्रो सोभियत क्रान्तिको आगमनको प्रतीकात्मक मानिन्छ। === उस्कोरेनी === गोर्बाचेभका अनुसार, तत्कालीन सोभियत अर्थतन्त्र कम गुणस्तरका सामानहरू, अदक्षता र प्रतिस्पर्धाको अभावबाट पीडित थियो। जनतालाई प्रदान गरिने सामान र सेवाहरू र उनीहरूले माग गरेका सामान र सेवाहरू बीच अन्तर थियो। यसरी, उस्कोरेनी अर्थतन्त्रको संरचनालाई यस्तो तरिकाले रूपान्तरण गर्नेछ जसले जनताको आवश्यकताहरूको सन्तुष्टिलाई अझ गतिशील, कुशल र सामाजिक रूपमा उन्मुख बनाउनेछ भन्ने विश्वास गरिएको थियो। यसले अधिक स्रोतहरू प्रयोग गर्नुको सट्टा दक्षता बढाएर उत्पादन बढाउन जोड दियो। === पेरेस्त्रोइका === पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अर्थ पुनर्गठन वा पुनर्संरचना हो। यसको माध्यमबाट, समाजमा सुधार ल्याउने संकल्प गरिएको थियो जसले पुरानो कठोरताहरूको अन्त्य गर्नेछ र मानव आर्थिक, सामाजिक, राजनीतिक, सांस्कृतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकासको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गर्नेछ। <ref name="m521">{{Cite web |title=Google Books |url=https://www.google.co.in/books/edition/Samyavad_Ko_Chunotiya_lkE_okn_dks_pqukSf/y6c2KYkSpVsC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE&pg=PA76&printsec=frontcover |access-date=16 April 2026 |website=Google |ref={{sfnref|Google}}}}</ref> यसरी, यो नयाँ समाजतर्फ अघि बढ्ने प्रक्रिया थियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइकामा निम्न समावेश थिए: (१) सामाजिक-आर्थिक प्रगतिलाई तीव्र पार्ने। (२) समाजको व्यापक लोकतान्त्रिकरण ल्याउन। (३) लोकतान्त्रिक विकेन्द्रीकरण हासिल गर्न। (४) व्यक्तिको नैतिक र आध्यात्मिक विकास गर्न। (५) समाजका कुरीतिहरूको पर्दाफास गर्ने। यसरी, पेरेस्त्रोइकाको उद्देश्य एउटा यस्तो समाजको विस्तार गर्नु थियो जहाँ मानवीय मर्यादा र गौरव केन्द्रमा हुन्छ र मानवीय मूल्यमान्यताको सम्मान गरिन्छ। गोर्बाचोभले पेरेस्त्रोइकाको अन्तर्गत, कृषि क्षेत्र, पट्टा र सम्झौतामा सुधार मार्फत निजी खेतीलाई प्रोत्साहित गरे। कृषिमा, सामूहिक संस्थाहरू भन्दा सहकारी संस्थाहरूलाई बढी महत्त्व दिइयो किनभने यसमा, व्यक्तिको काम गर्ने प्रेरणा रहिरहन्छ। त्यसैगरी, उपभोक्ता उद्योगहरू विकास गरियो, ज्याला उत्पादकत्वसँग जोडियो र दक्ष कामदारहरूलाई उच्च तलब र सुविधा प्रदान गरियो। त्यसैगरी, प्रविधि र लगानीसँग सम्बन्धित नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याएर, अर्थतन्त्रलाई गहिरो संरचनात्मक रूपमा पुनर्संरचना गर्ने प्रयास गरियो। अर्थतन्त्रलाई स्थिरताबाट बाहिर निकालेर बलियो र द्रुत विकासको बाटोमा राख्ने प्रयास गरियो। पेरेस्ट्रोइका मार्फत, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघलाई नयाँ समाजतर्फ डोऱ्याउन खोजे। उनले लेनिनको विचारधारामा आधारित यो नयाँ समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने उद्देश्य राखे। यी नीतिहरूको यथास्थितिवादीहरूले व्यापक रूपमा विरोध गरे। === ग्लासनोस्त === ग्लासनोस्तको अर्थ "खुलापन" हो। ग्लासनोस्तको माध्यमले खुला बहस लाई प्रोत्साहन दिइयो जसबाट लोकतन्त्रको शक्तिलाई बलियो बनोस्। गोर्बाचेभले जोड दिए कि ग्लासनोस्त योजना र प्रशासनका सबै पक्षहरूमा विस्तार गरिनुपर्छ, र देश भित्र क्षेत्रीय, आर्थिक, जातीय, युवा, वातावरणीय, सामाजिक र अन्य मुद्दाहरूमा खुला बहस गरिनुपर्छ, ताकि जनताको वास्तविक र सटीक विचारहरू पत्ता लगाउन सकियोस्। गोर्बाचेभले यो पनि भने कि हामीलाई हावा जति चाहिन्छ त्यति नै ग्लासनोस्त पनि चाहिन्छ। ग्लासनोस्त मार्फत, समाजवादले लोकतन्त्रको बाटोमा लाग्नु थियो। वास्तवमा, पेरेस्ट्रोइकाको व्यापक अवधारणा, जसले सामाजिक, आर्थिक र राजनीतिक रूपान्तरण खोज्यो, र मानिसहरूले भाग लिएको समाजको पुनर्निर्माण गर्ने प्रयास गर्‍यो, ग्लासनोस्ट वा खुलापन आवश्यक थियो। यसैले यो भनिएको थियो कि ग्लासनोस्ट बिना, पेरेस्ट्रोइका र लोकतन्त्र थिएन। ग्लासनोस्टको प्रक्रिया वास्तवमा चुनौतीपूर्ण थियो किनभने बन्द समाज खुला ठाउँमा बस्न अभ्यस्त थिएन। ; <nowiki>गोर्बाचेभको नीतिका परिणामहरू:</nowiki> १. ग्लासनोस्त र पेरेस्ट्रोइका केवल शब्द मात्र नभई परिवर्तनका प्रतीक बने। सोभियत समाजको हरेक कुनामा परिवर्तनले पकड जमाउन थाल्यो र राजनीतिक बन्दीहरूलाई रिहा गरियो। २. देशमा खुला बहस हुन थाल्यो। सोभियत जनताले बहुदलीय चुनावको नयाँ अनुभव प्राप्त गरे। ३. सोभियत नागरिकहरूलाई विदेश यात्रा र नागरिक आप्रवासनको स्वतन्त्रता दिइएको थियो। ४. विदेश नीतिमा परिवर्तन ल्याइयो र शीतयुद्धको सट्टा तनाव कम गर्नलाई महत्त्व दिइयो। ५. सुधार कार्यक्रमहरू मार्फत, सोभियत समाजलाई कडा अनुशासन र कठोर नीतिबाट मुक्त गरियो। ६. यो खुला बहस सोभियत संघमा पनि दुरुपयोग गरिएको थियो, जहाँ मानिसहरूले यसलाई गुटबन्दी र साँघुरो स्वार्थलाई बढावा दिन प्रयोग गरे। यसैबीच, सोभियत संघ गठन गर्ने गणतन्त्रहरूले बढी स्वायत्तताको माग गरे। केही गणतन्त्रहरूले पूर्ण स्वतन्त्रता पनि चाहेका थिए। ७. लोकतान्त्रिक तत्वहरू र कट्टरपन्थी कम्युनिस्टहरू बीचको रस्साकस्सीले प्रशासनलाई निष्क्रिय बनायो। पृथकतावाद हिंसात्मक रुपमा फैलियो, जसले सोभियत संघलाई अराजकताको छेउमा पुर्‍यायो। अगस्ट १९९१ मा, केही कम्युनिस्ट नेताहरूले असफल विद्रोहको प्रयास गरे। फलस्वरूप, सोभियत संघको विघटन तीव्र भयो, र यो अन्ततः विघटन भयो। गोर्बाचेभले राजीनामा दिए। डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, सोभियत संघको ठाउँमा १५ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरू देखा परे। == १९९० == === सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले पाँच गणराज्य गुमायो === ७ फेब्रुअरी १९९० मा, सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको केन्द्रीय समितिले पार्टीले राजनीतिक शक्तिमा आफ्नो [[एकाधिकार]] त्याग्नुपर्छ भन्ने गोर्बाचेभको सिफारिसलाई स्वीकार गर्‍यो। <ref>{{cite web |title=Soviet Communist Party gives up monopoly on political power: This Day in History – 2/7/1990 |url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviet-communist-party-gives-up-monopoly-on-political-power |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122002621/http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviet-communist-party-gives-up-monopoly-on-political-power |archive-date=22 January 2018 |access-date=23 June 2011 |publisher=History.com}}</ref> १९९० मा, सोभियत संघका सबै पन्ध्र घटक गणराज्यहरूले आफ्नो पहिलो प्रतिस्पर्धात्मक चुनाव सम्पन्न भयो, जसमा सुधारवादी र जातीय राष्ट्रवादीहरूले धेरै सिटहरू जिते। कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीले पाँच गणराज्यहरूमा चुनाव हार्‍यो: लिथुआनिया, मोल्डोभा, इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया, जर्जियामा घटक गणराज्यहरूले आफ्ना राज्यको सार्वभौमिकता घोषणा गर्न थाले र मस्को केन्द्रीय सरकारसँग "कानूनको युद्ध" सुरु गर्‍यो; गणराज्यहरूले स्थानीय कानूनहरूसँग बाझिने संघ-व्यापी कानूनलाई अस्वीकार गरे, आफ्नो स्थानीय अर्थतन्त्रमा नियन्त्रण कायम राखे, र सोभियत सरकारलाई कर तिर्न अस्वीकार गरे। लिथुआनियाले लिथुआनियाली पुरुषहरूलाई सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनामा अनिवार्य सेवा गर्नुपर्ने नियम अन्त्य गर्‍यो। यो द्वन्द्वले आपूर्ति प्रणाली अवरुद्ध हुँदा आर्थिक अव्यवस्था निम्त्यायो र सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रमा थप गिरावट आयो। <ref name="Russia, The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy">Acton, Edward (1995). ''Russia, The Tsarist and Soviet Legacy''. Longman Group Ltd. {{ISBN|0-582-08922-0}}.</ref> === सोभियत संघ र रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्य बीचको प्रतिस्पर्धा === ४ मार्च १९९० मा, रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यले रूसको जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको लागि चुनाव गर्‍यो। [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] ७२ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गर्दै निर्वाचित भए। <ref>Leon Aron, ''Boris Yeltsin: A Revolutionary Life''. HarperCollins, 2000. pp. 739–740.</ref> २९ मे १९९० मा, येल्तसिन रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको अध्यक्षमा निर्वाचित भए, यद्यपि गोर्बाचेभले रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई उनलाई मतदान नगर्न आग्रह गरेका थिए। येल्तसिनलाई सर्वोच्च सोभियतका लोकतान्त्रिक र रूढिवादी सदस्यहरूले समर्थन गरेका थिए, जसले विकासशील राजनीतिक परिस्थितिमा शक्ति खोजेका थिए। रूसी गणराज्य र सोभियत संघ बीच एक नयाँ शक्ति संघर्ष देखा पर्‍यो। १२ जुन १९९० मा, रूसी गणराज्यको जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसले सार्वभौमिकताको घोषणापत्र घोषणा गर्‍यो। १२ जुलाई १९९० मा, येल्तसिनले २८ औं कांग्रेसमा नाटकीय भाषणमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीबाट राजीनामा दिए।<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/12/newsid_4493000/4493177.stm|title=1990: Yeltsin Resignation Splits Soviet Communists|date=12 July 1990|access-date=29 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023134854/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/july/12/newsid_4493000/4493177.stm|archive-date=23 October 2012|publisher=BBC News|url-status=live}}</ref> === बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू === === ककेशस === === पश्चिमी गणराज्यहरू === === मध्य एसियाली गणराज्यहरू === ==१९९१== ===मस्कोको सङ्कट=== १४ जनवरी १९९१ मा, निकोलाई रिज्कोभले सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री वा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को अध्यक्षको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए र सोभियत संघको नयाँ प्रधानमन्त्री मा भ्यालेन्टिन पाभलोभ बने। १७ मार्च १९९१ मा, संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहमा ७७.८५% मतदाताले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणलाई समर्थन गरे।<ref>[http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme 1991: March Referendum] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330025028/http://soviethistory.org/index.php?page=subject&SubjectID=1991march&Year=1991&Theme=4e6174696f6e616c6974696573&navi=byTheme|date=30 March 2014}} SovietHistory.org</ref> बाल्टिक गणराज्यहरू, आर्मेनिया, जर्जिया र मोल्डोभाले जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरे साथै चेचेनो-इङ्गुशेतिया (रूस भित्रको एक स्वायत्त गणराज्य जसमा स्वतन्त्रताको तीव्र इच्छा थियो, र अहिले आफूलाई इच्केरिया भनेर चिनाउँछ) पनि बहिष्कार गरे। <ref>Charles King, ''The Ghost of Freedom: History of the Caucasus''</ref> अन्य नौ गणराज्यहरूमा, बहुमत मतदाताहरूले सुधारिएको सोभियत संघको अवधारणाको समर्थन गरे, जर्जियाली क्षेत्रहरू दक्षिण ओसेशिया र अबखाजियाकामा पनि संघको निरन्तरताको पक्षमा पनि मतदान गरे। ===रसियाको प्रमुख बोरिस येल्तसिन=== [[चित्र:Борис_Николаевич_Ельцин-1_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|255x255पिक्सेल|[[बोरिस येल्तसिन]], रसियाको पहिलो प्रजातान्त्रिक निर्वाचित राष्ट्रपति]] १२ जुन १९९१ मा, [[बोरिस येल्तसिन]] देशको पहिलो राष्ट्रपति चुनावमा ५७ प्रतिशत लोकप्रिय मतका साथ रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणराज्यको प्रमुख निर्वाचित भए, उनले गोर्बाचेभले रुचाएका उम्मेदवार "निकोलाई रिज्कोभ"लाई पराजित गरे, जसले १६ प्रतिशत मत प्राप्त गरे। येल्तसिन राष्ट्रपतिमा निर्वाचित भएपछि, रुसी गणराज्यले सोभियत संघबाट आफूलाई स्वायत्त घोषणा गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|page=321|oclc=907585907|date=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> आफ्नो चुनावी अभियानमा, येल्तसिनले "केन्द्रको तानाशाही" को आलोचना गरे, तर [[बजार अर्थव्यवस्था|बजार अर्थतन्त्र]] लागू गर्ने वाचा भने दिएनन्। === ककेसस: जर्जिया === सोभियत संघ-व्यापी जनमत संग्रहको प्रतिक्रियामा, ३१ मार्च १९९१ मा, जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको विषयमा स्वतन्त्रता जनमत संग्रह आयोजना गरियो। दक्षिण ओसेटियन र अब्खाज अल्पसंख्यकहरूले बहिष्कार गरे यो जनमत संग्रह बहिष्कार गरेका थिए । त्यस महिनाको सुरुमा भएको सोभियत संघमा नै रहने भन्ने जनमत संग्रहमा उनीहरू उपस्थित थिए। ९९.५% जर्जियाली मतदाताले जर्जियाली स्वतन्त्रताको पुनर्स्थापनाको पक्षमा मतदान गरे जबकि ०.५% ले यसको विपक्षमा मतदान गरे। मतदान ९०.६% थियो। <ref name="Cornell">Cornell, Svante E., [http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf ''Autonomy and Conflict: Ethnoterritoriality and Separatism in the South Caucasus – Case in Georgia''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070630141309/http://www.silkroadstudies.org/new/inside/publications/0419dissertation.pdf|date=30 June 2007}}. Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Report No. 61. p. 163. University of Uppsala, {{ISBN|91-506-1600-5}}.</ref> ९ अप्रिल १९९१ मा, तिब्लिसीमा भएको नरसंहारको दुई वर्ष पछि र लिथुआनियाले पुनर्स्थापित स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणा गरेको एक वर्ष दुई महिना पछि, जर्जियाली सोभियत गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले पूर्ण सत्रमा सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाले प्रजातान्त्रिक गणतन्त्रलाई अपदस्त गरेको ७० वर्ष पछि, सोभियत संघबाट जर्जियाको स्वतन्त्रताको औपचारिक पुनर्गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। जर्जियाले गरेको स्वतन्त्रताको यो ऐतिहासिक घोषणाले यसलाई सोभियत संघबाट आधिकारिक रूपमा अलग हुने कोकेशियन गणराज्यहरूमध्ये पहिलो र समग्रमा अहिलेसम्म तेस्रो गणराज्य बनायो। === बाल्टिक === ===अगस्ट कु को प्रयास=== १९ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभका उपराष्ट्रपति गेनाडी यानायेभ, प्रधानमन्त्री भ्यालेन्टिन पावलोभ, रक्षामन्त्री दिमित्री याजोभ, केजीबी प्रमुख भ्लादिमिर क्र्युचकोभ र अन्य वरिष्ठ अधिकारीहरूले "राज्य आपतकाल सम्बन्धी समिति" गठन गरेर संघ सन्धिमा हस्ताक्षर हुनबाट रोक्नको लागि प्रयास गरे, जसले फोरोस, [[क्रिमिया|क्राइमिया]]मा बिदामा रहेका गोर्बाचेभलाई घरमै नजरबन्दमा राख्यो र उनको सञ्चार काट्यो। कू नेताहरूले राजनीतिक गतिविधि निलम्बन गर्ने र धेरैजसो पत्रपत्रिकाहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आपतकालीन आदेश जारी गरे। त्यतिबेला रूसी सार्वभौमिकताको प्रतीकात्मक केन्द्र ह्वाइट हाउस (रूसी संघको संसद र येल्तसिनको कार्यालय) को रक्षा गर्न हजारौं मस्कोवासीहरू बाहिर निस्के। ट्याङ्कमाथिबाट भाषण दिएर कूको विरोध गर्ने येल्तसिनलाई पक्राउ गर्ने प्रयास गरे तर अन्ततः असफल भए। तीन दिन पछि, २१ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, विद्रोह समाप्त भयो। आयोजकहरूलाई पक्राउ गरियो र गोर्बाचेभलाई राष्ट्रपतिको रूपमा पुनर्स्थापित गरियो, यद्यपि उनको शक्ति धेरै कम भयो।<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ostrovsky |first=Alexander Vladimirovich |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XM1VywAACAAJ |title=Глупость или измена?: расследование гибели СССР |date=2011 |publisher=Crimean Bridge-9D |isbn=978-5-89747-068-6 |page=864 |language=ru |trans-title=Stupidity or Treason?: Investigation into the Death of the USSR}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Андрей Грачев – к годовщине путча: 'Из Фороса Горбачев вернулся заложником Ельцина' |trans-title=Andrey Grachev – on the anniversary of the coup: 'Gorbachev returned from Foros as Yeltsin's hostage' |url=https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223085337/https://sobesednik.ru/obshchestvo/20210819-andrei-gracev-k-godovshhine-putca-iz-f |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=sobesednik.ru |language=ru}}</ref> ===अगस्ट-डिसेम्बर सङ्क्रमणकाल=== २४ अगस्ट १९९१ मा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीको महासचिवको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए<ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 1991 |title=Заявление М. С. Горбачева о сложение обязанностей генерального секретаря КПСС (24 августа 1991) |trans-title=Statement by M. S. Gorbachev on the resignation of the duties of General Secretary of the CPSU (24 August 1991) |url=http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180721014247/http://www.illuminats.ru/component/content/article/29-new/1198-statement-by-mikhail-gorbachev-on-the-addition-of-duties-the-secretary-general-of-the-cpsu-24-august-1991?directory=29 |archive-date=21 July 2018 |access-date=24 November 2020 |website=www.illuminats.ru |language=ru}}</ref> र सरकारमा रहेका सबै पार्टी एकाइहरू भंग गरे। सोही दिन, युक्रेनी गणतन्त्रको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको घोषणापत्र पारित गर्‍यो, जसमा सोभियत संघबाट युक्रेनको स्वतन्त्रताको लागि राष्ट्रिय जनमत संग्रहको लागि आह्वान गरिएको थियो। पाँच दिन पछि, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले सोभियत क्षेत्रको सबै सोभियत कम्युनिष्ट पार्टी गतिविधि अनिश्चित कालका लागि निलम्बन गर्‍यो<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2013 |title=Постановление Верховного Совета СССР от 29 августа 1991 г. N 2371-I 'О ситуации, возникшей в стране в связи с имевшим место государственным переворотом' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of 29 August 1991 N 2371-I 'On the situation that arose in the country in connection with the coup d'état' |url=http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131207002848/http://www.ruspravo.org/list/89358/1.html |archive-date=7 December 2013 |website= |page=1 |language=ru}}</ref>, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघमा कम्युनिष्ट शासनको प्रभावकारी अन्त्य भयो र देशमा बाँकी रहेको एकमात्र एकताकारी शक्तिलाई विघटन गरियो। गोर्बाचेभले सेप्टेम्बर ५ मा सोभियत संघको राज्य परिषद् स्थापना गरे, जुन उनलाई र बाँकी गणतन्त्रका उच्च अधिकारीहरूलाई सामूहिक नेतृत्वमा ल्याउन डिजाइन गरिएको थियो। राज्य परिषद्लाई सोभियत संघको प्रधानमन्त्री नियुक्त गर्ने अधिकार पनि दिइएको थियो। प्रधानमन्त्री पदले कहिल्यै राम्रोसँग काम गरेन, यद्यपि इभान सिलायेभले सोभियत अर्थतन्त्रको सञ्चालन व्यवस्थापन समिति र अन्तर-गणतन्त्र आर्थिक समिति मार्फत पदभार ग्रहण गरे र द्रुत रूपमा घट्दो शक्तिहरू सहित सरकार गठन गर्ने प्रयास गरे। १९९१ को अन्तिम त्रैमासिकमा सोभियत संघ नाटकीय गतिमा पतन भयो। अगस्ट र डिसेम्बरको बीचमा, मुख्यतया अर्को विद्रोहको डरको कारणले १० गणतन्त्रहरू संघबाट अलग भए, । सेप्टेम्बरको अन्त्यसम्ममा, गोर्बाचेभसँग मस्को बाहिरका घटनाहरूलाई प्रभाव पार्ने क्षमता रहेन। उनलाई त्यहाँ पनि [[बोरिस येल्तसिन|येल्तसिन]]ले चुनौती दिए, जसले क्रेमलिन सहित सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको भाग कब्जा गर्न थालेका थिए। सोभियत संघले ६ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा बाल्टिक गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई मान्यता दियो।<ref>{{cite web |date=20 January 2020 |title=Prof. Alpo Russi. About Recognition of Independence of Baltic States |url=https://www.vdu.lt/en/prof-alpo-russi-about-recognition-of-independence-of-baltic-states/ |work=[[Vytautas Magnus University]]}}</ref> जर्जियाले सेप्टेम्बर ७ मा सोभियत संघसँगको सबै सम्बन्ध तोड्यो। उसले बाल्टिक राज्यहरूको पृथकतालाई मान्यता दिँदा पनि सोभियत संघले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रतालाई किन मान्यता दिएन भन्ने "पर्याप्त आधारभूत जवाफ" प्राप्त नभएको उल्लेख गर्‍यो।<ref>{{cite web |author=Cherian |first=Regi |date=6 September 2016 |title=September 7, 1991: Georgia revolts, cuts ties with USSR |url=https://gulfnews.com/today-history/september-7-1996-georgia-revolts-cuts-ties-with-ussr-1.1892039 |work=Gulf News}}</ref> १७ सेप्टेम्बर १९९१ मा, संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघ महासभाको प्रस्ताव नम्बर ४६/४, ४६/५, र ४६/६ ले इस्टोनिया, लाटभिया र लिथुआनियालाई संयुक्त राष्ट्र संघमा सदस्यता दियो, जुन सुरक्षा परिषद्को प्रस्ताव नम्बर ७०९, ७१० र ७११ अनुरूप थियो र १२ सेप्टेम्बरमा मतदान बिना पारित भएको थियो।<ref>{{cite web |title=Resolutions adopted by the United Nations Security Council in 1991 |url=https://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170719210549/http://www.un.org/en/sc/documents/resolutions/1991.shtml |archive-date=19 July 2017 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=46th Session (1991–1992) – General Assembly – Quick Links – Research Guides at United Nations Dag Hammarskjöld Library |url=http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830083857/http://research.un.org/en/docs/ga/quick/regular/46 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |access-date=17 June 2016 |work=[[United Nations]]}}</ref> ६ नोभेम्बरमा, येल्तसिन - जसले त्यतिबेलासम्म सोभियत सरकारको धेरैजसो हिस्सा आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिइसकेका थिए - ले रूसी भूभागमा कम्युनिष्ट पार्टीका सबै गतिविधिहरूमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाउने आदेश जारी गरे। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента РСФСР от 06.11.1991 г. № 169 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the RSFSR dated 06.11.1991 No. 169 |url=http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301170411/http://kremlin.ru/acts/bank/385 |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=22 October 2020 |website=President of Russia |language=ru}}</ref> ७ नोभेम्बर १९९१ सम्म, धेरैजसो अखबारहरूले 'पूर्व सोभियत संघ' लाई उल्लेख गरे।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|title=Pre-1917 Ghosts Haunt a Bolshevik Holiday|last1=Schmemann|first1=Serge|date=7 November 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=21 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053646/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/07/world/pre-1917-ghosts-haunt-a-bolshevik-holiday.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=22 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:Grand_Kremlin_Palace_façade,_1982-2008.jpg|बायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|The [[State Emblem of the Soviet Union|state emblem of the Soviet Union]] and the СССР letters{{Efn|Russian acronym for "USSR"}} (top) in the façade of the [[Grand Kremlin Palace]] were replaced by five double-headed [[Coat of arms of Russia|Russian eagles]] (bottom) after the dissolution of the [[Soviet Union]], the eagles having been removed by the Bolsheviks after the revolution.]] सोभियत संघको पतनको अन्तिम चरण १ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सुरु भयो। त्यस दिन, "युक्रेनी लोकप्रिय जनमत संग्रह"मा युक्रेनका ९१ प्रतिशत मतदाताले अगस्टमा पारित स्वतन्त्रता घोषणालाई समर्थन गर्दै मतदान गरे र औपचारिक रूपमा संघबाट अलग भयो। आर्थिक र राजनीतिक शक्तिमा रूसपछि दोस्रो स्थानमा रहेको युक्रेनको पृथकताले गोर्बाचेभले सीमित मात्रामा भए पनि सोभियत संघलाई एकसाथ राख्ने झिनो सम्भावनालाई पनि समाप्त गर्‍यो। तीन स्लाभिक गणतन्त्रहरू, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुस (पहिले बेलोरुसिया) का नेताहरू संघको सम्भावित विकल्पहरूबारे छलफल गर्न सहमत भए। डिसेम्बर ८ मा, रूस, युक्रेन र बेलारुसका नेताहरूले पश्चिमी बेलारुसको बेलाभेजस्काया पुष्चामा गोप्य रूपमा भेटे र बेलाभेजा सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भएको घोषणा गर्‍यो र यसको स्थानमा कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (CIS) को गठनको घोषणा गर्‍यो। उनीहरूले अन्य गणतन्त्रहरूलाई पनि सिआइ.एस मा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरे। गोर्बाचेभले यसलाई असंवैधानिक कू भने। यद्यपि, यस समयसम्ममा कुनै उचित विकल्प थिएन किनकी सम्झौताको प्रस्तावनामा भनिएझैं, सोभियत संघ अब "अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय कानून र भूराजनीतिक वास्तविकताको विषयको रूपमा" अस्तित्वमा थिएन। डिसेम्बर १० मा, युक्रेनको बिधायिका भेर्खोभना राडा <ref>{{Cite web |title=Про ратифікацію Угоди про створення Співдружності Незалежних Держав |trans-title=On the ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States |url=https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/go/1958-12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205855/https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/1958-12 |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=Official website of the Parliament of Ukraine |language=uk}}</ref> र बेलारुसको सर्वोच्च परिषद्ले <ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РБ № 1296-XII О ратификации Соглашения об образовании Содружества Независимых Государств от 10.12.1991 |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Belarus No. 1296-XII On the ratification of the Agreement on the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States dated 10.12.1991 |url=https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211223192600/https://belzakon.net/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%91/1994/96572 |archive-date=23 December 2021 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=belzakon.net |language=ru}}</ref> सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। डिसेम्बर १२ मा, रूसी सोभियत गणराज्य को सर्वोच्च सोभियतले बेलाभेझा सम्झौतालाई औपचारिक रूपमा अनुमोदन गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 1991 |title=Постановление ВС РСФСР от 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'О ратификации Соглашения о создании Содружества Независимых Государств' |trans-title=Resolution of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR of 12.12.1991 N 2014-I 'On ratification of the Agreement on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States' |url=http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113130902/http://base.garant.ru/10164306/ |archive-date=13 November 2020 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा गर्‍यो,,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Постановление Верховного Совета РСФСР от 12.12.1991 № 2015-I – Сейчас.ру |url=https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125075549/https://www.lawmix.ru/abrolaw/13907 |archive-date=25 January 2021 |access-date=7 November 2020 |website=www.lawmix.ru}}</ref> र सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतबाट रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलायो। यस अनुमोदनको वैधानिकताले रूसी संसदका केही सदस्यहरूमा शंका उत्पन्न गर्‍यो, किनकि १९७८ को रुसी सोभियत गणराज्यको संविधान अनुसार यस कागजातको विचार जन प्रतिनिधिहरूको कांग्रेसको विशेष क्षेत्राधिकारमा थियो।.<ref name="sssr.net.ru">{{Cite web |last1=Pribylovsky |first1=V. |last2=Tochkin |first2=Gr. |title=Кто и как упразднил СССР |trans-title=Who and how abolished the USSR |url=https://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126160310/http://sssr.net.ru/denons.html |archive-date=26 January 2021 |access-date= |website=sssr.net.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 April 2015 |title=Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности. |trans-title=From the USSR to the CIS: submitting to reality. |url=http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150403001152/http://n-discovery.spb.ru/news_full.php?id=379 |archive-date=3 April 2015 |website=www.n-discovery.spb.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Бабурин С.Н. На гибель Советского Союза |trans-title=Baburin S.N. On the death of the Soviet Union |url=http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107165055/http://www.ni-journal.ru/archive/2006/n_506/38b39a96/39cf8ddd/ |archive-date=2017-11-07 |access-date=2025-08-11 |website=www.ni-journal.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref name="sovross.ru">{{Cite web |last=Voronin |first=Yu. M. |title=Беловежское предательство |trans-title=Belovezhskaya betrayal |url=http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200812180933/http://www.sovross.ru/articles/555/9021/ |archive-date=2020-08-12 |access-date= |website=www.sovross.ru |language=ru}}</ref> थप, सोभियत संविधानले गणतन्त्रलाई एकतर्फी रूपमा आफ्ना प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउन अनुमति दिएको थिएन।<ref>The Russian SFSR has constitutional right to "freely secede from the Soviet Union" ([[s:ru:Конституция РСФСР 1978 года (в редакции 1 ноября 1991 года)#Глава_7._РСФСР_–_союзная_республика_в_составе_СССР|art. 69 of the RSFSR Constitution]], [[s:ru:Конституция СССР (1977)/редакция 26 декабря 1990 года#Глава_8._СССР_–_союзное_государство|art. 72 of the USSR Constitution]]), but according to USSR laws [[s:ru:Закон о выходе союзной республики из СССР|1409-I]] (enacted on 3 April 1990) and [http://iv.garant.ru/SESSION/PILOT/loadfavorite.html?pid=6335703&page=1&para_id=2147483649 1457-I]{{dead link|date=May 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (enacted on 26 April 1990) this can be done only by a referendum and only if two-thirds of all registered voters of the republic has supported that motion. No special referendum on the secession from the USSR was held in the RSFSR</ref> यद्यपि, रूस वा क्रेमलिनमा कसैले पनि आपत्ति जनाएनन्। क्रेमलिनको कुनै पनि आपत्तिको कुनै प्रभाव पर्ने थिएन, किनकि सोभियत सरकारको बाँकी रहेको कुरा डिसेम्बर भन्दा धेरै अघि नै प्रभावकारी रूपमा निष्क्रिय बनाइएको थियो। धेरै वकिलहरू विश्वास गर्छन् कि १९२२ को संघ सन्धिको निन्दा अर्थहीन थियो किनकि यो १९२४ मा सोभियत संघको पहिलो संविधान अपनाएसँगै अमान्य भइसकेको थियो। । <ref>''Исаков В. Б.'' Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. – М., Закон и право. 1998. – C. 58. –209 с.</ref><ref>''Станкевич З. А.'' История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. – М., 2001. – C. 299–300</ref><ref>''Лукашевич Д. А.'' Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. – М, 2016. – С. 254–255. – 448 с.</ref> (१९९६ मा राजकीय डुमाले पनि उही अडान लिएको थियो)).<ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 1986 |title=Постановление Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания РФ от 10 апреля 1996 года № 225-II ГД «Об Обращении Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации "К членам Совета Федерации Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" |trans-title=Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of 10 April 1996 No. 225-II GD "On the Appeal of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation "To the members of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation" |url=http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026061236/http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&link_id=16&nd=102040638 |archive-date=26 October 2020 |access-date=22 October 2020 |language=ru}}</ref> त्यस दिनको अन्तमा, गोर्बाचेभले पहिलो पटक आफू पद त्याग्ने विचार गरिरहेको संकेत गरे। <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|title=Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances|last=Schmemann|first=Serge|date=1991-12-13|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917211606/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/13/world/soviet-disarry-gorbachev-is-ready-to-resign-as-post-soviet-plan-advances.html|archive-date=2018-09-17|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> सतहमा देखिदा, यो सबैभन्दा ठूलो गणराज्य औपचारिक रूपमा अलग भएको देखिन्थ्यो। यद्यपि, यो मामला होइन। बरु, रूसले स्पष्ट रूपमा बतायो यो कि सोभियत संविधानमा वर्णन गरिएको पृथकताको प्रक्रियालाई पालना गर्न आवश्यक छैन किनभने अब अस्तित्वमा नै नभएको देशबाट अलग हुन सम्भव छैन। १६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा, कजाख गणराज्य सोभियत संघबाट औपचारिक रूपमा अलग हुने अन्तिम गणतन्त्र बन्यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघले न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्न सक्यो न त कुनै क्षेत्र नियन्त्रण गर्ने दाबी नै गर्न सक्यो (यद्यपि सोभियत दूतावासहरू अझै पनि अस्तित्वमा थिए)। <ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2021 |title=Kazakhstan, Not Russia, Was the Last Republic to the Leave the USSR |url=https://nationalinterest.org/blog/buzz/kazakhstan-not-russia-was-last-republic-leave-ussr-195400}}</ref> डिसेम्बर १८ मा, सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियत (गणतन्त्र परिषद्) को माथिल्लो सदनले कमनवेल्थ अफ इन्डिपेन्डेन्ट स्टेट्स (राष्ट्रमण्डल)को निर्माण सम्बन्धी सम्झौतालाई स्वीकार गर्दै र तीव्र राजनीतिक तथा आर्थिक संकटबाट बाहिर निस्कने बाटो प्रदान गर्न यसलाई विचार गर्दै एक विज्ञप्ति पारित गर्‍यो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Совета Республик Верховного Совета СССР от 18.12.1991 N 138-Н О поддержке Соглашения Республики Беларусь, РСФСР и Украины о создании Содружества Независимых Государств &#124; ГАРАНТ |trans-title=Statement of the Council of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated 18.12.1991 N 138-N On support for the Agreement of the Republic of Belarus, the RSFSR and Ukraine on the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States - GARANTEE |url=http://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://base.garant.ru/6334158/ |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=base.garant.ru |language=ru}}</ref> गोर्बाचेभले येल्तसिनसँग भेट गरे र सोभियत संघको विघटनको वास्तविकता स्वीकार गरे। सोभियत संघको विघटन र औपचारिक रूपमा स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्ने उद्देश्यले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर भएको दिन, रूसी गणराज्यको सर्वोच्च सोभियतले रूसको कानूनी नाम "रूसी सोभियत संघीय समाजवादी गणतन्त्र" बाट "रूसी संघ" मा परिवर्तन गर्न एक विधान अपनायो। यस अनुसार रुस अब पूर्ण रूपमा सार्वभौम गैर-कम्युनिस्ट राज्य थियो। बेलाभेजा सम्झौताले सोभियत संघलाई कानुनी रूपमा विघटन गरेको छ कि छैन भन्ने बारेमा शंकाहरू कायमै थिए, किनकि यसमा तीन गणराज्यले (रुस, बेलारुस, युक्रेन) मात्र हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए।यद्यपि, डिसेम्बर २१ मा, जर्जिया बाहेक बाँकी १२ गणतन्त्रहरू मध्ये ११ का प्रतिनिधिहरूले अल्मा-अटा प्रोटोकलमा हस्ताक्षर गरे, जसले सोभियत संघको विघटन पुष्टि गर्‍यो र औपचारिक रूपमा राष्ट्रमण्डल स्थापना गर्‍यो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ к Соглашению о создании Содружества Независимых Государств, подписанному 8 декабря 1991 года в г. Минске Республикой Беларусь, Российской Федерацией (РСФСР), Украиной |trans-title=Protocol to the Agreement on the Creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States, signed on 8 December 1991 in г. Minsk Republic of Belarus, Russian Federation (РСФСР), Ukraine |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=6 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> उनीहरूले गोर्बाचेभको राजीनामा पनि "स्वीकार" गरे।<ref>{{Cite web |title=Посткремлевская жизнь правителей |trans-title=Post-Kremlin life of rulers |url=https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407115029/https://www.ng.ru/style/2000-01-06/1-162.html |archive-date=7 April 2022 |access-date=20 June 2022 |website=www.ng.ru |language=ru}}</ref> सोभियत संघको सशस्त्र सेनाको कमान्ड रक्षामन्त्री येभगेनी शापोश्निकोभलाई सुम्पिएको थियो। <ref>{{Cite web |title=Минобороны. Министерство обороны РФ |trans-title=Ministry of Defense. Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation |url=http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225004736/http://www.panorama.ru/prav/minobor.shtml |archive-date=25 February 2020 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=www.panorama.ru |language=ru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ПРОТОКОЛ совещания Глав Независимых Государств |trans-title=MINUTES of the meeting of the Heads of Independent States |url=http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511073849/http://cis.minsk.by/reestr/ru/index.html#reestr/view/text?doc=3412 |archive-date=11 May 2015 |access-date=23 December 2021 |website=cis.minsk.by |language=ru}}</ref> यस क्षणमा पनि, गोर्बाचेभले अहिलेसम्म दृश्यबाट पछि हट्ने कुनै औपचारिक योजना बनाएका थिएनन्। यद्यपि, अब बहुमत गणतन्त्रहरूले सोभियत संघ अब अस्तित्वमा छैन भन्ने कुरामा सहमति जनाएपछि, गोर्बाचेभले अपरिहार्यताको अगाडि झुके, सीबीएस न्यूजलाई भने कि उनले सीआईएस साँच्चै वास्तविकता हो भनेर देख्ने बित्तिकै राजीनामा दिनेछन्।<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|title=11 Soviet States Form Commonwealth Without Clearly Defining Its Powers|last=Clines|first=Francis X.|date=1991-12-22|work=The New York Times|access-date=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170414022306/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/22/world/end-soviet-union-11-soviet-states-form-commonwealth-without-clearly-defining-its.html|archive-date=2017-04-14|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> [[चित्र:RIAN_archive_469069_Final_session_of_the_Council_for_Nationalities_of_the_USSR_Supreme_Soviet.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदनले आफ्नो अन्तिम सत्रमा, २६ डिसेम्बर १९९१ मा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त गर्ने मतदान गर्दै।]] २५ डिसेम्बरको साँझ राष्ट्रिय टेलिभिजनमा प्रसारित भाषणमा, गोर्बाचेभले सोभियत संघको राष्ट्रपतिको पदबाट राजीनामा दिए - वा, जसरी उनले भने, "म यसद्वारा सोभियत समाजवादी गणतन्त्र संघको अध्यक्ष पदमा मेरा गतिविधिहरू बन्द गर्दछु।" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Заявление Президента СССР об отставке от 25 декабря 1991 г. |trans-title=Statement of resignation of the President of the USSR, 25 December 1991 |url=https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210904230942/https://www.gorby.ru/userfiles/file/zayavleniem_ob_otstavke_prezidenta_sssr_m.pdf |archive-date=4 September 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |language=ru}}</ref> उनले आफ्नो संस्था समाप्ति घोषणा गरे, र यसको सबै शक्तिहरू (जस्तै आणविक शस्त्रागारको नियन्त्रण)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Указ Президента СССР от 25.12.1991 N УП-3162 |trans-title=Decree of the President of the USSR dated 25.12.1991 N UP-3 |url=http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412222644/http://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/usr_19889.htm |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=24 March 2021 |website=www.libussr.ru |language=ru}}</ref> येल्तसिनलाई सुम्पे। २५ डिसेम्बरको राति, मस्को समय अनुसार ७:३५ बजे, गोर्बाचेभ टेलिभिजनमा देखा परेपछि, सोभियत झण्डा तल झारियो <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 December 1991 |title=С флагштока над Кремлем спущен советский флаг, поднят российский |trans-title=The Soviet flag is lowered from the flagpole over the Kremlin; the Russian flag is raised |url=https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101022148/https://www.interfax.ru/30years/800619 |archive-date=1 January 2022 |access-date=27 March 2023 |website=[[Interfax]] |language=ru}}</ref> र ७:४५ बजे [[रूसको झण्डा|रूसी तिरंगा]] यसको ठाउँमा उठाइयो,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|title=End of the Soviet Union; On Moscow's Streets, Worry and Regret|last=Clarity|first=James F.|date=26 December 1991|work=The New York Times|access-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302163000/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-on-moscow-s-streets-worry-and-regret.html|archive-date=2 March 2022|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331|url-status=live}}</ref> जुन प्रतीकात्मक रुपमा सोभियत संघको अन्त्यको प्रतीक थियो। आफ्नो बिदाई शब्दहरूमा, गोर्बाचेभले घरेलु सुधारमा आफ्नो रेकर्डको बचाउ गरे, तर स्वीकार गरे, "नयाँले काम सुरु गर्न समय पाउनु अघि पुरानो प्रणाली ध्वस्त भयो।"<ref>{{Cite book|title=The world transformed : 1945 to the present|last=Hunt|first=Michael H.|isbn=9780199371020|pages=323–324|oclc=907585907|year=2015|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> सोही दिन, [[अमेरिकाको राष्ट्रपति|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाका राष्ट्रपति]] [[जर्ज एच डब्लू बुस|जर्ज एच. डब्लु. बुश]]ले बाँकी ११ गणतन्त्रहरूको स्वतन्त्रतालाई आधिकारिक रूपमा मान्यता दिँदै छोटो टेलिभिजन भाषण दिए। गोर्बाचेवको भाषण र सोवियत झन्डाको ठाउँमा रुसी झन्डा फहराएपछि, एक हिसाबले सोवियत यूनियनको अन्त्य भयो। तर, सोभियत संघको विघटनको अन्तिम कानुनी कदम डिसेम्बर २६ मा बयो, जब सोभियत संघको सर्वोच्च सोभियतको माथिल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ नेसनालिटिले बेलाभेजा सम्झौतालाई अनुमोदन गर्‍यो, जसले गर्दा सोभियत संघको अस्तित्व समाप्त भयो।<ref name="ReferenceC2" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|title=Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States: Documents, Data, and Analysis|isbn=9781563246371|last1=Brzezinski|first1=Zbigniew|last2=Brzezinski|first2=Zbigniew K.|last3=Sullivan|first3=Paige|year=1997|publisher=M.E. Sharpe|access-date=7 October 2020|archive-date=24 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124205853/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vt5OLD3vp4UC&q=26+december+1991+ussr&pg=PR5|url-status=live}}</ref> (तल्लो सदन, सोभियत अफ युनियन, रूसी प्रतिनिधिहरूलाई फिर्ता बोलाउँदा डिसेम्बर १२ देखि काम गर्न असमर्थ थियो, कोरम बिना नै छोडियो).<ref name="sssr.net.ru2" /> भोलिपल्ट येल्तसिन गोर्बाचेभको पूर्व कार्यालयमा सरे, ,<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 July 2016 |title=Как меня хоронили |trans-title=How I was buried |url=http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727023444/http://www.novayagazeta.ru/society/66087.html |archive-date=27 July 2016 |website=Novaya Gazeta |language=ru}}</ref> यद्यपि रूसी अधिकारीहरूले दुई दिन अघि नै सुइटलाई आफ्नो नियन्त्रणमा लिएका थिए। सोभियत सशस्त्र सेनाहरूलाई स्वतन्त्र राज्यहरूको राष्ट्रमंडलको कमान्डमा राखिएको थियो, तर अन्ततः नयाँ स्वतन्त्र गणतन्त्रहरूले यसलाई समाहित गरे, जसको ठूलो हिस्सा रूसी संघको सशस्त्र सेना बन्यो। १९९१ को अन्त्यसम्ममा, रूसले कब्जा नगरेका केही बाँकी सोभियत संस्थाहरूले सञ्चालन बन्द गरे, र स्वतन्त्र नयाँ गणतन्त्रहरूले केन्द्रीय सरकारको भूमिका ग्रहण गरे। == सोभियत संघको विघटनमा गोर्बाचेभको भूमिका == गोर्भाचोबको नीतिको कारण सोवियत संघको केन्द्रीय सत्ता कमजोर भयो, फलस्वरूप सोवियत संघमा केन्द्र विरूद्ध संघर्ष गर्बे शक्ति हौसले बढ्दै गयो। गोर्बाचोबको नीतिले गणराज्यहरूको सोवियत संघसँग अलग हुनलाई मान्यता दियो। फलस्वरूप हेर्दा हेर्दै एकपछि अर्को गर्दै सोवियत संघ के गणराज्य स्वतंत्र भए र सोवियत संघको विघटन भयो। यो गोर्भाचोबको नीतिहरूको नै परिणाम थियो कि सोभियत कम्युनिस्ट पार्टीको शक्तिमा निरन्तर ह्रास हुँदै गयो। फलतः सोवियत संघलाई एकताको सूत्रमा बाध्ने सबैभन्दा ठूलो सम्पर्क सुत्रको शक्ति घट्दै गयो। यसको परिणाम कम्युनिस्ट बिरोधी शक्ति बढ्दै गयो। अमेरिका र पाश्चात्य देशहरूले पनि सोवियत संघलाई टोड्ने शक्तिलाई समर्थन गरे। परिणामस्वरूप यी शक्ति सोवियत संघको एकतालाई खोक्रो बनाउँदै गए। गोर्बाच्योवले पूर्वी यूरोपमा पनि साम्यवादको किल्लालाई पतन हुन नदिन कुनै प्रयास गरेनन्, बरु उनको नीतिको कारण पूर्वी यूरोपमा साम्यवाद विरोधी शक्ति हावी भयो। चेकोस्लोवाकिया, रोमानिया, हंगरी, पूर्वी जर्मनीमा साम्यवादको पतम भयो र यो पतनले सोवियत संघको [[महाशक्ति]]को छविलाई समाप्त गरिदियो। सोभियत संघको पतनको जिम्मेवारी गोर्बाचेभ एक्लैले लिन्छन् भन्न सजिलो छ। त्यसो गर्नु भनेको कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण ठान्नु हो। गोर्बाचेभ यी ऐतिहासिक प्रवृत्तिहरूलाई प्रतिबिम्बित गर्ने ऐना मात्र थिए, तर उनी आफैं चकनाचुर भए। वास्तवमा, सोभियत संघको विघटनको बीउ यसको स्थापनामा रोपिएको थियो। समाजवादी प्रणालीलाई दिगो बनाउन, देश भित्र समाजवादी मानवता र संस्कृति खेती गर्नु आवश्यक थियो, जुन कार्य सोभियत प्रणालीले हासिल गर्न असफल भयो। स्टालिनको शासनकालमा लगभग दुई दशकसम्म, सोभियत संघको एकता केन्द्रीय सरकारको निर्दयी जबरजस्ती अनुशासनले मात्र कायम राखेको थियो। देशका विभिन्न भागहरूलाई साम्यवादको रक्षा गर्न राष्ट्रिय हित वा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय भ्रातृत्वको नाममा बलिदान दिन बाध्य पारिएको थियो। यो त्यस्तो होइन कि असन्तुष्टि र क्रोध उत्पन्न भएन; यो केवल दमनकारी नीतिहरूले उनीहरूको आवाज अभिव्यक्तिलाई गाह्रो बनायो। गोर्बाचेभको उदार नीतिहरूले यो क्रोध व्यक्त गर्ने तरिका प्रदान गर्‍यो। == सोभियत संघको विघटनको प्रभाव == [[चित्र:EasternBloc_BasicMembersOnly.svg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|454x454पिक्सेल|पूर्वी ब्लक देशहरू]] सोभियत संघको विघटनले विश्व राजनीतिक परिदृश्यलाई नै परिवर्तन गरिदियो। सोभियत संघ [[महाशक्ति]] रहेन, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका एकमात्र महाशक्तिको रूपमा रह्यो र विश्व एकध्रुवीय भयो। अमेरिकाले सम्पूर्ण विश्वमा आफ्नो प्रभुत्व स्थापित गर्‍यो। सोभियत संघको विघटनसँगै [[शीतयुद्ध]] स्वतः समाप्त भयो। * पूर्वी युरोपेली देशहरूमा साम्यवादको अन्त्य भयो र बहुदलीय लोकतान्त्रिक शासन प्रणाली स्थापित भयो। * सोभियत संघको पतनले तेस्रो विश्वका देशहरूलाई गम्भीर रूपमा असर गर्‍यो, जसले सोभियत संघबाट आर्थिक, सैन्य र प्राविधिक सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। विघटित गणतन्त्रहरूले अब सहयोग प्रदान गर्ने क्षमता राखेनन्। यस सन्दर्भमा, तेस्रो विश्व नव-उपनिवेशवादको खतराको सामना गरिरहेको छ। * विश्वमा बजार अर्थतन्त्रलाई बलियो भयो। लामो सनयसम्म दमन र नागरिक स्वतन्त्रतालाई कुल्चचेर शासन चलाउन सकिदैन भन्ने विश्वासलाई बलियो बनायो। यसले, फलस्वरूप, लोकतान्त्रिक प्रक्रियालाई प्रवर्द्धन गर्‍यो। === आर्थिक गिरावट र अत्यधिक मृत्युदर === शीतयुद्धको अन्त्य पछिका दशकहरूमा, सोभियत संघका पाँच वा छ वटा राज्यहरू मात्र पश्चिमका धनी पूँजीवादी राज्यहरूमा सामेल हुने बाटोमा छन्, र धेरैजसो पछि परेका छन्, केही यति हदसम्म कि साम्यवादको अन्त्य हुनुभन्दा पहिलेको अवस्थामा पुग्न ५० वर्षभन्दा बढी समय लाग्नेछ।<ref>{{cite book|last=Ghodsee|first=Kristen|date=2017|title=Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism|url=https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|publisher=[[Duke University Press]]|pages=63–64|isbn=978-0822369493|author-link=Kristen Ghodsee|access-date=4 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207032254/https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1080/05775132.2015.1012402| title =After the Wall Fell: The Poor Balance Sheet of the Transition to Capitalism| journal =[[Challenge (economics magazine)|Challenge]]| volume = 58| issue = 2| pages =135–138| year = 2015| last1 = Milanović | first1 = Branko| s2cid =153398717|author-link=Branko Milanović}}</ref> २०११ सम्म, पूर्व सोभियत गणतन्त्रहरूको अनुभव मिश्रित थियो, केहीले कुल गार्हस्थ्य उत्पादनको हिसाबले सुधार गरेका थिए भने केहीले सुधार गरेका थिएनन्।<ref>{{Cite web |title=End of the USSR: visualising how the former Soviet countries are doing, 20 years on {{!}} Russia {{!}} The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |access-date=21 January 2021 |website=amp.theguardian.com |date=17 August 2011 |archive-date=28 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128064905/https://amp.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/aug/17/ussr-soviet-countries-data |url-status=live }}</ref> सोभियत संघ पछिका राष्ट्रहरूमा जिडिपी मा उल्लेखनीय गिरावट आएको थियो र औसतमा लगभग ५१% थियो। १९९० देखि २००० सम्म, जिडिपी मा गिरावट निम्नानुसार थियो:<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dabrowski |first=Marek |date=2022-07-29 |title=Thirty years of economic transition in the former Soviet Union: Macroeconomic dimension |url=https://rujec.org/article/90947/ |journal=Russian Journal of Economics |language=en |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=95–121 |doi=10.32609/j.ruje.8.90947 |issn=2405-4739|doi-access=free }}</ref> * आर्मेनियामा ६३% * अजरबैजानमा ६०% * बेलारुसमा ३५% * इस्टोनियामा ३५% * जर्जियामा ७८% * काजाकिस्तानमा ४१% * किर्गिस्तानमा ५०% * लाटभियामा ५१% * लिथुआनियामा ४४% * मोल्डोभामा ६३% * रूसमा ४०% * ताजिकिस्तानमा ५०% * तुर्कमेनिस्तानमा ४८% * युक्रेनमा ५९% सोभियत संघको पतन पछि शान्तिकालमा रूसले औसत आयुमा रेकर्ड गरिएको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा ठूलो गिरावट अनुभव गर्यो।<ref name=":BMJ">{{Cite journal|last=Ciment|first=James|date=1999-08-21|title=Life expectancy of Russian men falls to 58|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1116380/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|pages=468}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Men|first=Tamara|last2=Brennan|first2=Paul|last3=Boffetta|first3=Paolo|last4=Zaridze|first4=David|date=2003-10-25|title=Russian mortality trends for 1991-2001: analysis by cause and region|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC259165/|journal=BMJ : British Medical Journal|volume=327|issue=7421|pages=964}}</ref> ९० को दशकको अन्त्यतिर सोभियत संघको पतन पछि गरिबी आकाशियो। गरिबीको रेखामुनि बाँच्ने मानिसहरूको संख्या १९८७-८८ मा ३% बाट २०% वा लगभग ८ करोड ८० लाख पुगेको थियो।<ref name=":RSE">{{Cite journal|last=Izyumov|first=Alexei|date=2010|title=Human Costs of Post-communist Transition: Public Policies and Private Response|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41288494|journal=Review of Social Economy|volume=68|issue=1|pages=93–125}}</ref> Only 4% of the region lived on $4 a day or less but by 1994 this number skyrocketed to 32%.<ref name=":BMJ" /> पूर्वी ब्लकको पतन पछि अपराध, मदिरा सेवन, लागूपदार्थको प्रयोग र आत्महत्या सबै आकाशिएको थियो।<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":RSE" /> अर्थशास्त्री स्टीवन रोजफिल्डले सन् २००१ मा गरेको एक अध्ययनमा, उनले गणना गरे कि १९९० देखि १९९८ सम्म रूसमा ३४ लाख अकाल मृत्यु भएको थियो, जसको लागि उनी आंशिक रूपमा वाशिंगटन सहमतिसँगै आएको "[[सक थेरापी]]" लाई दोष दिन्छन्। <ref>{{cite journal |last1= Rosefielde|first1=Steven|date=2001 |title=Premature Deaths: Russia's Radical Economic Transition in Soviet Perspective|journal=[[Europe-Asia Studies]]|volume=53 |issue=8 |pages=1159–1176|doi= 10.1080/09668130120093174|s2cid=145733112}}</ref> २०१७ को एक अध्ययनले अनुमान गरेको छ कि समग्रमा ७० लाख अकाल मृत्यु शक थेरापीको परिणामस्वरूप भएको थियो।<ref name="AzarovaEtAl2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Azarova |first1=Aytalina |last2=Irdam |first2=Darja |last3=Gugushvili |first3=Alexi |last4=Fazekas |first4=Mihaly |last5=Scheiring |first5=Gábor |last6=Horvat |first6=Pia |last7=Stefler |first7=Denes |last8=Kolesnikova |first8=Irina |last9=Popov |first9=Vladimir |last10=Szelenyi |first10=Ivan |last11=Stuckler |first11=David |last12=Marmot |first12=Michael |last13=Murphy |first13=Michael |last14=McKee |first14=Martin |last15=Bobak |first15=Martin |date=2017-05-01 |title=The effect of rapid privatisation on mortality in mono-industrial towns in post-Soviet Russia: a retrospective cohort study |journal=The Lancet Public Health |language=English |volume=2 |issue=5 |pages=e231–e238 |doi=10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30072-5 |issn=2468-2667 |pmid=28626827|pmc=5459934 }}</ref> ===सोभियत पश्चात् का द्वन्द === ===चीन=== ===क्युबा=== ===उत्तर कोरिया=== ===इजरायल === ===अफ्गानिस्तान=== ===खेलकुद === ===दूरसञ्चार === ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[सोभियत सङ्घ|सोभियत संघ]] * [[रुस|रूस]] * [[साम्यवाद]] * [[साम्यवादको पतन]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} {{ढाँचा:Cold War}} [[श्रेणी:रुसको इतिहास]] [[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]] nhwpcd2j1da9k5nbxi00wiwkxzdslo5 3 150440 1358094 2026-06-07T12:18:15Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1358094 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, बिशाल थापा मगरज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|२९,७९८]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:बिशाल थापा मगर|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:०३, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) no0hdz9vg36ar5w8m9e2jhs8w6awtrw 0 150441 1358114 2026-06-07T14:20:41Z Biplab Anand 13653 +श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल 1358114 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar.jpg | image-width = 250 | image2 = | image2-width = | caption2 = | IATA = ATQ | ICAO = VIAR | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = | operator = [[भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अमृतसर]] | location = [[राजासान्सी]], अमृतसर, [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1930|||df=yes}} | focus_city = {{ubl|class=nowrap | [[एअर इन्डिया]] | [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]]}} | operating_base = [[इन्डिगो]] | elevation-f = 756 | elevation-m = 230 | metric-elev = yes | coordinates = {{coord|31|42|28|N|074|47|57|E|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|www.aai.aero/en/airports/amritsar}} | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India | pushpin_label = '''ATQ'''/VIAR | pushpin_map_caption = पन्जाबमा विमानस्थलको स्थान | r1-number = १६/३४ | r1-length-f = 12,000 | r1-length-m = 3,657 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = yes | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = २९,४१,०१७ ({{decrease}} -१७%) | stat2-header = विमानको आवागमन | stat2-data = १८,५६० ({{decrease}} -१९.६%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी | stat3-data = ३,६६०.६ ({{increase}} ८.९%) | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारत उड्डयन प्राधिकरण|भाउप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> }} '''श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|ATQ|VIAR}} [[भारत]]को [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]]को [[अमृतसर]]मा सेवा गर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। यो सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा [[राजासान्सी]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम चौथो सिख गुरु र अमृतसरका संस्थापक [[गुरु राम दास]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल पन्जाबको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो [[नयाँ दिल्ली]]को [[इन्दिरा गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तरी भारतको दोस्रो ठूलो विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India and Chaudharu Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1302926977003814916 |date=7 September 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar Airport @aaiasrairport, the third largest airport of Northern Region, was strategically set up to ease @DelhiAirport's operational load.#IconicAirportTerminals https://t.co/fZG66TAA3d |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल आर्थिक वर्ष २०१७-१८ मा भारतको तेस्रो सबैभन्दा तीव्र गतिले बढ्दै गरेको विमानस्थल थियो। यो आन्तरिक र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा मालढुवानी आवागमनको केन्द्र हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|title=Amritsar beats all international Airports in India with 83.5% growth in domestic traffic - Asian Independent|last=C|first=D.|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422082846/https://theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई स्काइट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०१९ र सन् २०२० मा भारत र मध्य एसियाको छैठौँ उत्कृष्ट क्षेत्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्थान दिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1337375092116885506 |date=11 December 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar @aaiasrairport has been a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally. The airport continues to thrive in delivering essentials and other necessary items across the globe, smoothly. #DeliveringHappiness https://t.co/lpyjfSWpZG |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २०२० मा एयरपोर्ट काउन्सिल इन्टरनेसनलद्वारा एसिया-प्रसान्त क्षेत्रको उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल (प्रतिवर्ष २ देखि ५० लाख यात्रु) को रूपमा सम्मानित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airports-2019/|title = The World's Best Regional Airports 2021}}</ref> स्काईट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०२४ को लागि उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल कर्मचारी पुरस्कारको साथै यो विमानस्थललाई भारत र [[दक्षिण एसिया]]को शीर्ष १० विमानस्थलहरूमा पनि समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-staff-2024/ | title=The World's Best Airport Staff 2024 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} ml3y936mz1zcsccpeiuw3aspskgsnww 1358115 1358114 2026-06-07T14:22:00Z Biplab Anand 13653 सुधार गरियो 1358115 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar.jpg | image-width = 250 | image2 = | image2-width = | caption2 = | IATA = ATQ | ICAO = VIAR | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = | operator = [[भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अमृतसर]] | location = [[राजासान्सी]], अमृतसर, [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1930|||df=yes}} | focus_city = {{ubl|class=nowrap | [[एअर इन्डिया]] | [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]]}} | elevation-f = 756 | elevation-m = 230 | metric-elev = yes | coordinates = {{coord|31|42|28|N|074|47|57|E|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|www.aai.aero/en/airports/amritsar}} | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India | pushpin_label = '''ATQ'''/VIAR | pushpin_map_caption = पन्जाबमा विमानस्थलको स्थान | r1-number = १६/३४ | r1-length-f = 12,000 | r1-length-m = 3,657 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = yes | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = २९,४१,०१७ ({{decrease}} -१७%) | stat2-header = विमानको आवागमन | stat2-data = १८,५६० ({{decrease}} -१९.६%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी | stat3-data = ३,६६०.६ ({{increase}} ८.९%) | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारत उड्डयन प्राधिकरण|भाउप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> }} '''श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|ATQ|VIAR}} [[भारत]]को [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]]को [[अमृतसर]]मा सेवा गर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। यो सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा [[राजासान्सी]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम चौथो सिख गुरु र अमृतसरका संस्थापक [[गुरु राम दास]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल पन्जाबको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो [[नयाँ दिल्ली]]को [[इन्दिरा गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तरी भारतको दोस्रो ठूलो विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India and Chaudharu Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1302926977003814916 |date=7 September 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar Airport @aaiasrairport, the third largest airport of Northern Region, was strategically set up to ease @DelhiAirport's operational load.#IconicAirportTerminals https://t.co/fZG66TAA3d |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल आर्थिक वर्ष २०१७-१८ मा भारतको तेस्रो सबैभन्दा तीव्र गतिले बढ्दै गरेको विमानस्थल थियो। यो आन्तरिक र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा मालढुवानी आवागमनको केन्द्र हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|title=Amritsar beats all international Airports in India with 83.5% growth in domestic traffic - Asian Independent|last=C|first=D.|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422082846/https://theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई स्काइट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०१९ र सन् २०२० मा भारत र मध्य एसियाको छैठौँ उत्कृष्ट क्षेत्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्थान दिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1337375092116885506 |date=11 December 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar @aaiasrairport has been a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally. The airport continues to thrive in delivering essentials and other necessary items across the globe, smoothly. #DeliveringHappiness https://t.co/lpyjfSWpZG |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २०२० मा एयरपोर्ट काउन्सिल इन्टरनेसनलद्वारा एसिया-प्रसान्त क्षेत्रको उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल (प्रतिवर्ष २ देखि ५० लाख यात्रु) को रूपमा सम्मानित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airports-2019/|title = The World's Best Regional Airports 2021}}</ref> स्काईट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०२४ को लागि उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल कर्मचारी पुरस्कारको साथै यो विमानस्थललाई भारत र [[दक्षिण एसिया]]को शीर्ष १० विमानस्थलहरूमा पनि समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-staff-2024/ | title=The World's Best Airport Staff 2024 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} fhuyur910zdm57vwwxuq8ffooeao39s 1358116 1358115 2026-06-07T14:23:07Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358116 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar.jpg | image-width = 250 | image2 = | image2-width = | caption2 = | IATA = ATQ | ICAO = VIAR | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = | operator = [[भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अमृतसर]] | location = [[राजासान्सी]], अमृतसर, [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1930|||df=yes}} | focus_city = {{ubl|class=nowrap | [[एअर इन्डिया]] | [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]]}} | elevation-f = 756 | elevation-m = 230 | metric-elev = yes | coordinates = {{coord|31|42|28|N|074|47|57|E|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|www.aai.aero/en/airports/amritsar}} | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India | pushpin_label = '''ATQ'''/VIAR | pushpin_map_caption = पन्जाबमा विमानस्थलको स्थान | r1-number = १६/३४ | r1-length-f = 12,000 | r1-length-m = 3,657 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = yes | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = २९,४१,०१७ ({{decrease}} -१७%) | stat2-header = विमानको आवागमन | stat2-data = १८,५६० ({{decrease}} -१९.६%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी | stat3-data = ३,६६०.६ ({{increase}} ८.९%) | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारत उड्डयन प्राधिकरण|भाउप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> }} '''श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|ATQ|VIAR}} [[भारत]]को [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]]को [[अमृतसर]]मा सेवा गर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। यो सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा [[राजासान्सी]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम चौथो सिख गुरु र अमृतसरका संस्थापक [[गुरु राम दास]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल पन्जाबको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो [[नयाँ दिल्ली]]को [[इन्दिरा गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तरी भारतको दोस्रो ठूलो विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India and Chaudharu Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1302926977003814916 |date=7 September 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar Airport @aaiasrairport, the third largest airport of Northern Region, was strategically set up to ease @DelhiAirport's operational load.#IconicAirportTerminals https://t.co/fZG66TAA3d |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल आर्थिक वर्ष २०१७-१८ मा भारतको तेस्रो सबैभन्दा तीव्र गतिले बढ्दै गरेको विमानस्थल थियो। यो आन्तरिक र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा मालढुवानी आवागमनको केन्द्र हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|title=Amritsar beats all international Airports in India with 83.5% growth in domestic traffic - Asian Independent|last=C|first=D.|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422082846/https://theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई स्काइट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०१९ र सन् २०२० मा भारत र मध्य एसियाको छैठौँ उत्कृष्ट क्षेत्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्थान दिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1337375092116885506 |date=11 December 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar @aaiasrairport has been a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally. The airport continues to thrive in delivering essentials and other necessary items across the globe, smoothly. #DeliveringHappiness https://t.co/lpyjfSWpZG |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २०२० मा एयरपोर्ट काउन्सिल इन्टरनेसनलद्वारा एसिया-प्रसान्त क्षेत्रको उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल (प्रतिवर्ष २ देखि ५० लाख यात्रु) को रूपमा सम्मानित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airports-2019/|title = The World's Best Regional Airports 2021}}</ref> स्काईट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०२४ को लागि उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल कर्मचारी पुरस्कारको साथै यो विमानस्थललाई भारत र [[दक्षिण एसिया]]को शीर्ष १० विमानस्थलहरूमा पनि समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-staff-2024/ | title=The World's Best Airport Staff 2024 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] 6sf8fecl5xp86r7edvc8ex958d8ex5w 1358117 1358116 2026-06-07T14:23:27Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:पन्जाब, भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358117 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar.jpg | image-width = 250 | image2 = | image2-width = | caption2 = | IATA = ATQ | ICAO = VIAR | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = | operator = [[भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अमृतसर]] | location = [[राजासान्सी]], अमृतसर, [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1930|||df=yes}} | focus_city = {{ubl|class=nowrap | [[एअर इन्डिया]] | [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]]}} | elevation-f = 756 | elevation-m = 230 | metric-elev = yes | coordinates = {{coord|31|42|28|N|074|47|57|E|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|www.aai.aero/en/airports/amritsar}} | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India | pushpin_label = '''ATQ'''/VIAR | pushpin_map_caption = पन्जाबमा विमानस्थलको स्थान | r1-number = १६/३४ | r1-length-f = 12,000 | r1-length-m = 3,657 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = yes | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = २९,४१,०१७ ({{decrease}} -१७%) | stat2-header = विमानको आवागमन | stat2-data = १८,५६० ({{decrease}} -१९.६%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी | stat3-data = ३,६६०.६ ({{increase}} ८.९%) | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारत उड्डयन प्राधिकरण|भाउप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> }} '''श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|ATQ|VIAR}} [[भारत]]को [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]]को [[अमृतसर]]मा सेवा गर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। यो सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा [[राजासान्सी]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम चौथो सिख गुरु र अमृतसरका संस्थापक [[गुरु राम दास]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल पन्जाबको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो [[नयाँ दिल्ली]]को [[इन्दिरा गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तरी भारतको दोस्रो ठूलो विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India and Chaudharu Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1302926977003814916 |date=7 September 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar Airport @aaiasrairport, the third largest airport of Northern Region, was strategically set up to ease @DelhiAirport's operational load.#IconicAirportTerminals https://t.co/fZG66TAA3d |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल आर्थिक वर्ष २०१७-१८ मा भारतको तेस्रो सबैभन्दा तीव्र गतिले बढ्दै गरेको विमानस्थल थियो। यो आन्तरिक र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा मालढुवानी आवागमनको केन्द्र हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|title=Amritsar beats all international Airports in India with 83.5% growth in domestic traffic - Asian Independent|last=C|first=D.|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422082846/https://theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई स्काइट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०१९ र सन् २०२० मा भारत र मध्य एसियाको छैठौँ उत्कृष्ट क्षेत्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्थान दिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1337375092116885506 |date=11 December 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar @aaiasrairport has been a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally. The airport continues to thrive in delivering essentials and other necessary items across the globe, smoothly. #DeliveringHappiness https://t.co/lpyjfSWpZG |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २०२० मा एयरपोर्ट काउन्सिल इन्टरनेसनलद्वारा एसिया-प्रसान्त क्षेत्रको उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल (प्रतिवर्ष २ देखि ५० लाख यात्रु) को रूपमा सम्मानित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airports-2019/|title = The World's Best Regional Airports 2021}}</ref> स्काईट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०२४ को लागि उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल कर्मचारी पुरस्कारको साथै यो विमानस्थललाई भारत र [[दक्षिण एसिया]]को शीर्ष १० विमानस्थलहरूमा पनि समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-staff-2024/ | title=The World's Best Airport Staff 2024 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पन्जाब, भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] m1y08a1sqo920s7tznr424f22os0x7g 1358119 1358117 2026-06-07T14:24:42Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] जोडियो 1358119 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar.jpg | image-width = 250 | image2 = | image2-width = | caption2 = | IATA = ATQ | ICAO = VIAR | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = | operator = [[भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अमृतसर]] | location = [[राजासान्सी]], अमृतसर, [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1930|||df=yes}} | focus_city = {{ubl|class=nowrap | [[एअर इन्डिया]] | [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]]}} | elevation-f = 756 | elevation-m = 230 | metric-elev = yes | coordinates = {{coord|31|42|28|N|074|47|57|E|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|www.aai.aero/en/airports/amritsar}} | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India | pushpin_label = '''ATQ'''/VIAR | pushpin_map_caption = पन्जाबमा विमानस्थलको स्थान | r1-number = १६/३४ | r1-length-f = 12,000 | r1-length-m = 3,657 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = yes | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = २९,४१,०१७ ({{decrease}} -१७%) | stat2-header = विमानको आवागमन | stat2-data = १८,५६० ({{decrease}} -१९.६%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी | stat3-data = ३,६६०.६ ({{increase}} ८.९%) | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारत उड्डयन प्राधिकरण|भाउप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> }} '''श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|ATQ|VIAR}} [[भारत]]को [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]]को [[अमृतसर]]मा सेवा गर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। यो सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा [[राजासान्सी]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम चौथो सिख गुरु र अमृतसरका संस्थापक [[गुरु राम दास]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल पन्जाबको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो [[नयाँ दिल्ली]]को [[इन्दिरा गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तरी भारतको दोस्रो ठूलो विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India and Chaudharu Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1302926977003814916 |date=7 September 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar Airport @aaiasrairport, the third largest airport of Northern Region, was strategically set up to ease @DelhiAirport's operational load.#IconicAirportTerminals https://t.co/fZG66TAA3d |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल आर्थिक वर्ष २०१७-१८ मा भारतको तेस्रो सबैभन्दा तीव्र गतिले बढ्दै गरेको विमानस्थल थियो। यो आन्तरिक र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा मालढुवानी आवागमनको केन्द्र हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|title=Amritsar beats all international Airports in India with 83.5% growth in domestic traffic - Asian Independent|last=C|first=D.|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422082846/https://theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई स्काइट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०१९ र सन् २०२० मा भारत र मध्य एसियाको छैठौँ उत्कृष्ट क्षेत्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्थान दिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1337375092116885506 |date=11 December 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar @aaiasrairport has been a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally. The airport continues to thrive in delivering essentials and other necessary items across the globe, smoothly. #DeliveringHappiness https://t.co/lpyjfSWpZG |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २०२० मा एयरपोर्ट काउन्सिल इन्टरनेसनलद्वारा एसिया-प्रसान्त क्षेत्रको उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल (प्रतिवर्ष २ देखि ५० लाख यात्रु) को रूपमा सम्मानित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airports-2019/|title = The World's Best Regional Airports 2021}}</ref> स्काईट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०२४ को लागि उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल कर्मचारी पुरस्कारको साथै यो विमानस्थललाई भारत र [[दक्षिण एसिया]]को शीर्ष १० विमानस्थलहरूमा पनि समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-staff-2024/ | title=The World's Best Airport Staff 2024 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पन्जाब, भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] ljx03vpcboomrc70ajw3v9hyl12zoag 1358120 1358119 2026-06-07T14:25:01Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:सन् २००६ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358120 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport, Amritsar.jpg | image-width = 250 | image2 = | image2-width = | caption2 = | IATA = ATQ | ICAO = VIAR | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = | operator = [[भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अमृतसर]] | location = [[राजासान्सी]], अमृतसर, [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1930|||df=yes}} | focus_city = {{ubl|class=nowrap | [[एअर इन्डिया]] | [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]]}} | elevation-f = 756 | elevation-m = 230 | metric-elev = yes | coordinates = {{coord|31|42|28|N|074|47|57|E|display=inline,title}} | website = {{URL|www.aai.aero/en/airports/amritsar}} | pushpin_map = India Punjab#India | pushpin_label = '''ATQ'''/VIAR | pushpin_map_caption = पन्जाबमा विमानस्थलको स्थान | r1-number = १६/३४ | r1-length-f = 12,000 | r1-length-m = 3,657 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = yes | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = २९,४१,०१७ ({{decrease}} -१७%) | stat2-header = विमानको आवागमन | stat2-data = १८,५६० ({{decrease}} -१९.६%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी | stat3-data = ३,६६०.६ ({{increase}} ८.९%) | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारत उड्डयन प्राधिकरण|भाउप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k26Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=5 May 2026}}</ref> }} '''श्री गुरु राम दास जी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|ATQ|VIAR}} [[भारत]]को [[पन्जाब, भारत|पन्जाब]]को [[अमृतसर]]मा सेवा गर्ने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। यो सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|11|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा [[राजासान्सी]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम चौथो सिख गुरु र अमृतसरका संस्थापक [[गुरु राम दास]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल पन्जाबको सबैभन्दा ठूलो र व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो [[नयाँ दिल्ली]]को [[इन्दिरा गान्धी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तरी भारतको दोस्रो ठूलो विमानस्थल हो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India and Chaudharu Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1302926977003814916 |date=7 September 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar Airport @aaiasrairport, the third largest airport of Northern Region, was strategically set up to ease @DelhiAirport's operational load.#IconicAirportTerminals https://t.co/fZG66TAA3d |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थल आर्थिक वर्ष २०१७-१८ मा भारतको तेस्रो सबैभन्दा तीव्र गतिले बढ्दै गरेको विमानस्थल थियो। यो आन्तरिक र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय रूपमा मालढुवानी आवागमनको केन्द्र हो।<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|title=Amritsar beats all international Airports in India with 83.5% growth in domestic traffic - Asian Independent|last=C|first=D.|access-date=12 November 2018|archive-date=22 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422082846/https://theasianindependent.co.uk/amritsar-beats-all-international-airports-in-india-with-83-5-growth-in-domestic-traffic/|url-status=dead}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई स्काइट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०१९ र सन् २०२० मा भारत र मध्य एसियाको छैठौँ उत्कृष्ट क्षेत्रीय विमानस्थलको रूपमा स्थान दिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite tweet |author=Airports Authority of India |author-link=Airports Authority of India |user=AAI_Official |number=1337375092116885506 |date=11 December 2020 |title=#AAI's Amritsar @aaiasrairport has been a hub of cargo movements, domestically and internationally. The airport continues to thrive in delivering essentials and other necessary items across the globe, smoothly. #DeliveringHappiness https://t.co/lpyjfSWpZG |language=en |access-date=9 January 2021}}</ref> यो विमानस्थललाई सन् २०२० मा एयरपोर्ट काउन्सिल इन्टरनेसनलद्वारा एसिया-प्रसान्त क्षेत्रको उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल (प्रतिवर्ष २ देखि ५० लाख यात्रु) को रूपमा सम्मानित गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-regional-airports-2019/|title = The World's Best Regional Airports 2021}}</ref> स्काईट्र्याक्सद्वारा सन् २०२४ को लागि उत्कृष्ट विमानस्थल कर्मचारी पुरस्कारको साथै यो विमानस्थललाई भारत र [[दक्षिण एसिया]]को शीर्ष १० विमानस्थलहरूमा पनि समावेश गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/worlds-best-airport-staff-2024/ | title=The World's Best Airport Staff 2024 }}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:पन्जाब, भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] [[श्रेणी:सन् २००६ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] jbg93h7a12ss7u84gs9nbecouffqsl9 14 150442 1358121 2026-06-07T14:26:45Z Biplab Anand 13653 +नयाँ श्रेणी 1358121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[श्रेणी:भारतका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:राष्ट्र अनुसार अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू|भारत]] [[श्रेणी:एसियाका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू|भारत]] 6by8kb8dyt648abj39jx2059xb1clky 14 150443 1358122 2026-06-07T14:30:50Z Biplab Anand 13653 +पन्जाब, भारतका विमानस्थलहरू 1358122 wikitext text/x-wiki [[श्रेणी:भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशका विमानस्थलहरू|पन्जाब (भारत)]] [[श्रेणी:पन्जाब, भारतमा पर्यटन]] rs6gq2dava03vypcas6o9bco8mwl0qb 10 150444 1358172 2016-07-13T19:02:38Z en>Le Deluge 0 Basic start 1358172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|8|}}}} dwbpw4ufx8yniiyp4xwrsh3s9qeqo55 1358173 1358172 2016-07-13T19:25:06Z en>Le Deluge 0 Adjust third parameter to cope with 1999-2000 type PAGENAMES 1358173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|8|}}}} de34wov8yl9bu8a2ms17ewbjdt8o01q 1358174 1358173 2016-07-13T20:43:30Z en>Le Deluge 0 Allow for 2000 in {{{4}}} 1358174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}}}}} 8krz3i9pzs4zx8kpdvjqnm7t2eudw43 1358175 1358174 2016-07-13T21:08:02Z en>Le Deluge 0 Templatedata and basic test of PAGENAME suitability 1358175 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#ifexpr: ({{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}="–") or ({{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}="-") | {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}}}}} }} </includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "For categories only - intended for football seasons etc which span two years. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"2015-16 foobar\". ", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 8256ezx4e76gjq5xf2xf9bittyxoan5 1358176 1358175 2016-07-13T21:08:42Z en>Le Deluge 0 Undo if 1358176 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}}}}} </includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "For categories only - intended for football seasons etc which span two years. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"2015-16 foobar\". ", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> de82x1fvz63z2eyp2x7ucujz4mhw4jl 1358177 1358176 2016-07-13T21:10:04Z en>Le Deluge 0 Simplify if 1358177 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#if: {{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}="–" | {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}}}}} |}} </includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "For categories only - intended for football seasons etc which span two years. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"2015-16 foobar\". ", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> qf3buhbil8z67to3cnvxulo3kq22rt1 1358178 1358177 2016-07-13T21:12:14Z en>Le Deluge 0 use ifeq 1358178 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|–| {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}}}}} |}} </includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "For categories only - intended for football seasons etc which span two years. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"2015-16 foobar\". ", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> k78jr3pu0xt6wuoc3y0c0wut9uggtac 1358179 1358178 2016-07-13T21:21:14Z en>Le Deluge 0 Add another test of PAGENAME, that has two numbers at start 1358179 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|–| {{#iferror: {{#expr: {{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}} + {{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|2}}}}|| {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}}}}} }} |}} </includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "For categories only - intended for football seasons etc which span two years. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"2015-16 foobar\". ", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 6jw30eet7g9deyaevvrfweixanlsgbx 1358180 1358179 2016-07-13T21:26:02Z en>Le Deluge 0 {{Documentation}} 1358180 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|–| {{#iferror: {{#expr: {{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}} + {{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|2}}}}|| {{Navseasoncats/core|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|5|1}}|{{str rightmost|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|6|{{#expr:{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}-6}} }}|2}}|{{str mid|{{PAGENAME}}|{{#invoke:String|find|{{str left|{{PAGENAME}}|11}}| }}}}}} }} |}} </includeonly> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "For categories only - intended for football seasons etc which span two years. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"2015-16 foobar\". ", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> qr2sonq7b0s30zn71vtb7iipyzkgepp 1358181 1358180 2017-03-02T21:37:25Z en>Le Deluge 0 Navseasoncats version 2 - now the season can be in any part of the name, and it can also cope with single years. [[User talk:Le Deluge|Let me know]] if you have problems 1358181 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} }}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> {{Documentation}} <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "For categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> hc4q1598bexwuryjlo0gyifr2mnbq1d 1358182 1358181 2017-03-02T22:28:09Z en>Le Deluge 0 Unduplicate documentation 1358182 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} }}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Apologies for this template appearing broken on some categories as a result of the upgrade. It should be fixed shortly.<br>For categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> ntqb9bhon5ya74po6prht4uz7fs3nzn 1358183 1358182 2017-03-02T22:42:02Z en>Le Deluge 0 Now fixed, but please let me know of any other bugs 1358183 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} }}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> baievx47elf0vdbkevyhfojdkasqjth 1358184 1358183 2017-03-03T01:53:17Z en>Le Deluge 0 add decades 1358184 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} }} |{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} = 0s|decade|}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> ah2qcyp8lc5uu40pd7lhkd8zupi585n 1358185 1358184 2017-03-03T02:00:57Z en>Le Deluge 0 fix 1358185 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} |{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} = 0s|decade|}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> bueb85yd8cej0i9bs4ldudx76mzpsy7 1358186 1358185 2017-03-03T02:03:57Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358186 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} |{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} = 0s|decade|}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> igul8h84l0m747ao1dhafwqivc2m3mt 1358187 1358186 2017-03-03T02:06:42Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358187 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} |not year}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> f0ll81ndzvj5uvirk59w9ivq01gdbrt 1358188 1358187 2017-03-03T02:07:19Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358188 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} |not year}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 0atgnezi9k3pr1e2lvyqs7ic1kmohuh 1358189 1358188 2017-03-03T02:08:42Z en>Le Deluge 0 Decade again now the if structure is working properly 1358189 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} = 0s|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}|}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> fb2tmstbdjujc8rfxisv7p97kaqnjft 1358190 1358189 2017-03-03T02:26:38Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358190 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} |{{Navseasoncats/var season}} {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} =0s|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}|}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> l1kf2dedjyt7pp8dc7zhbpd2bsstuwg 1358191 1358190 2017-03-03T02:28:12Z en>Le Deluge 0 Undid revision 768317511 by [[Special:Contributions/Le Deluge|Le Deluge]] ([[User talk:Le Deluge|talk]]) 1358191 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} = 0s|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}|}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> fb2tmstbdjujc8rfxisv7p97kaqnjft 1358192 1358191 2017-03-03T02:29:57Z en>Le Deluge 0 failure message 1358192 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} == 0s |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> l2tbyjq7htqlkgou2qls1sxtmcs74pz 1358193 1358192 2017-03-03T02:31:22Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358193 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} = "0s"|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> rad59x6ty1endzauq0ody808j69pdfd 1358194 1358193 2017-03-03T02:32:01Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358194 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | in decade<br>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} = "0s"|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> kdnjef53p3nx2fyjgqocnurl97gl0be 1358195 1358194 2017-03-03T02:32:50Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358195 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5 and {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}} = "s"|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}in decade<br>|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 2at5b9exy4ragcc273tmi09obxg5f4e 1358196 1358195 2017-03-03T02:35:11Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358196 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade}}in decade<br>|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 5dikwrcdcdbctbli12mkav6oqb5bcbu 1358197 1358196 2017-03-03T02:36:04Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358197 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade||1920s|in Scotland}}in decade<br>|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 7og33wonjvzugv18k7pp63i0yef5til 1358198 1358197 2017-03-03T02:36:30Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358198 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade||1920|in Scotland}}in decade<br>|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> kssxl76z1tyl12d7dm6ogfyiqm03lhu 1358199 1358198 2017-03-03T03:03:40Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358199 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade||1930|in Scotland}}<br>|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> dfucoispeakezacqsh4yk3c80b2e52v 1358200 1358199 2017-03-03T03:05:48Z en>Le Deluge 0 1358200 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade||1940|in Scotland}}<br>|Failed to generate navbox}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 9h3it271hithzi8etptlnczebg8km4s 1358201 1358200 2017-03-03T03:35:50Z en>Le Deluge 0 Finalise version 2.1 with decades 1358201 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but the new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season. It now also works with decades. It only works from 1000AD onwards.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> hk5pru96pzcfmg81fk67axdyqakse3r 1358202 1358201 2017-03-03T04:02:20Z en>Le Deluge 0 nowiki failure message 1358202 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but the new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional so it can cope with eg 2016 in Scotland and Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season. It now also works with decades. It only works from 1000AD onwards.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 1oxx8usduzgoary35wm1mw5rmt3g1l3 1358203 1358202 2017-03-12T03:00:37Z en>Le Deluge 0 Update description 1358203 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but the new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional and it now works with decades so it can cope with eg {{cl|1999 in Scotland}}, {{cl|Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season}} and {{cl|Novels set in the 1990s}}. It only works from 1000AD onwards, and it can only handle nnnn-nn in consecutive years, so 2000-01 works but not 2000-05 which you get in eg parliament categories.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> 60by064yaoodtmbp6eqvzc7xipoom5d 1358204 1358203 2017-08-10T19:39:18Z en>Le Deluge 0 Category header templates‎ 1358204 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:Category header templates‎]] <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but the new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional and it now works with decades so it can cope with eg {{cl|1999 in Scotland}}, {{cl|Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season}} and {{cl|Novels set in the 1990s}}. It only works from 1000AD onwards, and it can only handle nnnn-nn in consecutive years, so 2000-01 works but not 2000-05 which you get in eg parliament categories.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> dhgsiik5qulrwxm1abonk80ax3yd2b2 1358205 1358204 2017-10-09T16:47:05Z en>MusikAnimal 0 Protected "[[Template:Navseasoncats]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|Highly visible template]]; 16,000+ transclusions ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 1358204 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --> <includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly> <noinclude> [[Category:Category header templates‎]] <templatedata> { "params": {}, "description": "***UNDER DEVELOPMENT*** Following a major upgrade there may be some glitches in this template. Please let [[User talk:Le Deluge|User:Le Deluge]] know if you find any pages with problems. This template is for categories only - originally intended for football seasons etc which span two years but the new version is much more flexible. Automatically creates a navbox linking to 3 seasons either side assuming that PAGENAME is of the form \"(foo) 2015(-16) (bar)\". Foo, bar and -16 are all now optional and it now works with decades so it can cope with eg {{cl|1999 in Scotland}}, {{cl|Austrian football clubs 1999-2000 season}} and {{cl|Novels set in the 1990s}}. It only works from 1000AD onwards, and it can only handle nnnn-nn in consecutive years, so 2000-01 works but not 2000-05 which you get in eg parliament categories.", "format": "block" } </templatedata> </noinclude> dhgsiik5qulrwxm1abonk80ax3yd2b2 1358206 1358205 2018-03-04T20:57:32Z en>JJMC89 0 to /doc 1358206 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> nksnz0ydsott7ckset2a7p4bnovtw5t 1358207 1358206 2018-03-04T21:06:50Z en>Primefac 0 Changed protection level for "[[Template:Navseasoncats]]": per request of creator ([Edit=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite)) 1358206 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{documentation}} </noinclude> nksnz0ydsott7ckset2a7p4bnovtw5t 1358208 1358207 2018-10-04T12:48:02Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Implement optional [[Template:LinkCatIfExists2|linkcatifexists2]]=yes parameter, from sandbox 1358208 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{Navseasoncats/navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{{linkcatifexists2|}}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> rtk3seaazn5cdm9i7tcy001xvn5qpim 1358209 1358208 2018-11-01T22:11:24Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Use navyear module, for easier future customization, from sandbox 1358209 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{{linkcatifexists2|}}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> 7oio4jpf04ksycvms3xos9hbghrk2xb 1358210 1358209 2018-11-02T17:19:19Z en>Tom.Reding 0 +Optional 'min' param, for functionality requested at [[Template talk:Category described in year#Minimum year]]; from sandbox 1358210 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{{min|}}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> 4l6xzz8zzh159w2zs13e9zxc0xlu2oj 1358211 1358210 2018-11-06T13:47:14Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 add tracking : [[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]] 1358211 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0) | {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}} | {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4 |{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{{min|}}}}} | {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> s4vyybnga943t6eg8nlwffi7sd9zw25 1358212 1358211 2018-11-06T16:08:45Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 comment out line breaks to stop it generating so much whitespace 1358212 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->| {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{{min|}}}}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> c7pz5aud6pn4sa8b4rk2eljnfsl5ay9 1358213 1358212 2018-11-18T19:48:48Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 allow max parameter 1358213 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} >5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} <10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->| {{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->| {{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}}} =5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1 |{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br>|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]}}}}}}<br></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}} </noinclude> 8r18u0crw278eijyyfd7zqt68t89ois 1358214 1358213 2019-01-25T15:21:12Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Add {{{testcase|}}} functionality; ws/indent fmting; self-close <br>s; from sandbox 1358214 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<br/></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 3tzq57wpfklq1eikc5pdh201orbop81 1358215 1358214 2019-01-25T15:22:22Z en>Tom.Reding 0 ws previously excluded for major diff readability 1358215 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<br/></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 6nu2aq4c1jy4yyleqohtn5wpandf80j 1358216 1358215 2019-02-27T13:10:02Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Nominated for merging with [[:Template:Cat topic in year]]; see [[:Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 February 27#Template:Cat topic in year]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 1358216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=Cat topic in year|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 February 27#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<br/></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> ewhitp2wsr05b7zrf0tn4yozxuxfzf6 1358217 1358216 2019-02-27T13:22:16Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Nominated for merging with [[:Template:WorksDecade navigation]]; see [[:Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 February 27#Template:WorksDecade navigation]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 1358217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=WorksDecade navigation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 February 27#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=Cat topic in year|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 February 27#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<br/></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> b1wiftl7gh3e7ybquyjhra0vq0o2263 1358218 1358217 2019-02-28T15:36:16Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 remove <br/> from the end of the output 1358218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=WorksDecade navigation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 February 27#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=Cat topic in year|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 February 27#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> nx9tv5gjpl2zgbcvccex44q48b0iabp 1358219 1358218 2019-03-07T09:37:33Z en>Hhkohh 0 Updating TFD template: discussion was relisted ([[WP:XFDC|XFDcloser]]) 1358219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=WorksDecade navigation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=Cat topic in year|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 9vojsg0778zmwwmjdtflsj4s7abokkf 1358220 1358219 2019-03-14T11:25:18Z en>PrimeHunter 0 noinclude second Tfm which displays as exact duplicate on transcluding pages 1358220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=WorksDecade navigation|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}}<noinclude> {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=Cat topic in year|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}}</noinclude> <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> cdj0hyvy2fnibyhgh43r29t17n8jd55 1358221 1358220 2019-04-03T00:33:48Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:WorksDecade navigation]] closed as merge 1358221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=Cat topic in year|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> jlsv5wfy0rzze92dag5o5i29fus948t 1358222 1358221 2019-04-03T00:37:19Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 /* top */ fix TFD link 1358222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=Cat topic in year|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:Cat topic in year|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> l3e4uixec8jf2n3csqao2w5rg1og9if 1358223 1358222 2019-04-07T19:13:54Z en>Primefac 0 [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 March 7#Template:Cat topic in year]] closed as merge ([[WP:XFDC|XFDcloser]]) 1358223 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} - is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 7jj10ndhwg6m1j5fulghqpd8b1p05v4 1358224 1358223 2019-04-10T03:07:57Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Migrate to [[Module:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf]] & [[Module:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf]], from sandbox & testcases 1358224 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{Navseasoncats/var season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 5rue8rfb2jjwhl5hiwldrn3obmvhq2x 1358225 1358224 2019-04-10T11:51:26Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Migrate to [[Module:Navseasoncats/var season]], from sandbox 1358225 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navdecade|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<br/><!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 0042p4vb7d77urw2g5qbwo7k9o13sgd 1358226 1358225 2019-04-10T20:27:28Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Migrate to [[Module:Navseasoncats/navdecade]]; std ws; from sandbox 1358226 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}}>0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}}>0)<!-- -->|{{Navseasoncats/navhyphen|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navdecade|navdecade|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 5z7veawraiv9s2nmrd7f8ti3xatmcjz 1358227 1358226 2019-04-11T14:26:39Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Migrate to [[Module:Navseasoncats/navhyphen]], from sandbox 1358227 wikitext text/x-wiki <!-- Don't forget to add/remove "/sandbox" to/from below, depending on which way you're copying! --><!-- {{Navseasoncats/var pagename}} is a testing variable with a test category name {{Navseasoncats/var season}} returns the word containing the year 2015-16 or 2015 {{Navseasoncats/var firsthalf}} returns the string before the year-word {{Navseasoncats/var lasthalf}} returns the string after the year-word --><includeonly>{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} > 5 and {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} < 10 and ({{#invoke:String|find|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|–}} > 0 or {{#invoke:String|find|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|-}} > 0)<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navhyphen|navhyphen|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{str mid|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|5|1}}|{{str rightc|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|2}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: {{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 4<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navyear|navyear|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{{min|}}}|{{{max|}}}}}<!-- -->|{{#ifexpr: ({{str len|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}}} = 5) and {{#ifeq: {{str mid|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4|2}} | 0s | 1 | 0}} = 1<!-- -->|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/navdecade|navdecade|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var firsthalf|var_firsthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var season|var_season|{{{testcase|}}}}}|4}}|{{#invoke:Navseasoncats/var lasthalf|var_lasthalf|{{{testcase|}}}}}|{{str left|{{CURRENTYEAR}}|3}}0}}<!-- -->|<nowiki>***Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox***</nowiki>[[Category:Navseasoncats failed to generate navbox]]<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> g0ey9g8cn7cqefv7utrdw5b8wmf14c3 1358228 1358227 2019-04-12T18:00:52Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Full(ish) Lua implementation, from sandbox & testcases 1358228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4doubt1fioke7qmukjesr617ajfzykq 1358229 1358228 2019-05-25T10:46:08Z en>RMCD bot 0 Notifying of move discussion on [[Template talk:Navseasoncats#Requested move 25 May 2019 |Template talk:Navseasoncats]] 1358229 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Template:Category navigation|2=Template talk:Navseasoncats#Requested move 25 May 2019 }} </noinclude>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 0bo3epjccbe71nm0mg44asqzdiouhux 1358230 1358229 2019-06-24T19:14:12Z en>BD2412 0 RM closed as no consensus. 1358230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4doubt1fioke7qmukjesr617ajfzykq 1358231 1358230 2019-08-12T19:18:57Z en>Trialpears 0 Listed for merging with [[:Template:10years]]; see [[:Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 August 12#Template:10years]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 1358231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=10years|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 August 12#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> axiyb6rq6tnuzca2pvnwpvohj45hge1 1358232 1358231 2019-08-12T19:28:32Z en>Killiondude 0 Changed protection level for "[[Template:Navseasoncats]]": Highly used ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 1358231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=10years|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 August 12#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> axiyb6rq6tnuzca2pvnwpvohj45hge1 1358233 1358232 2019-08-23T01:12:36Z en>JJMC89 0 [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 August 12#Template:10years]] closed as merge ([[WP:XFDC|XFDcloser]]) 1358233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4doubt1fioke7qmukjesr617ajfzykq 1358234 1358233 2019-08-23T21:04:05Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 Listed for merging with [[:Template:DecadeCategoryNav]]; see [[:Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 August 23#Template:DecadeCategoryNav]]. ([[WP:TW|TW]]) 1358234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tfm/dated|page=Navseasoncats|otherpage=DecadeCategoryNav|link=Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 August 23#Template:Navseasoncats|help=off|bigbox={{#invoke:Noinclude|noinclude|text=yes}}}} {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> t8dsbdczez48tyohdko76026q63gxlf 1358235 1358234 2019-09-01T01:01:11Z en>JJMC89 0 [[Wikipedia:Templates for discussion/Log/2019 August 23#Template:DecadeCategoryNav]] closed as merge ([[WP:XFDC|XFDcloser]]) 1358235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4doubt1fioke7qmukjesr617ajfzykq 1358236 1358235 2021-08-17T13:13:27Z en>Tom.Reding 0 +[[Module:Check for unknown parameters]] & [[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter]] 1358236 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Navseasoncats]] does not recognize the parameter "|_VALUE_=". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|list-all-links}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> apkq11p9mhr4p0uocie3bxmse9h4k77 1358237 1358236 2021-08-17T13:21:42Z en>Tom.Reding 0 {{!}} 1358237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Navseasoncats]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_=". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|list-all-links}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> svwq001mtpeerp4634of7l5yq4k2zqs 1358238 1358237 2021-08-17T13:40:29Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Check for unknown parameters in cat space only 1358238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:14}}=<!-- cat space only -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Navseasoncats]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|list-all-links}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> o5tav48n97prl30fk3uqxym5y6vw59n 1358239 1358238 2021-08-18T00:59:04Z en>Tom.Reding 0 +testcasegap param 1358239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{ns:14}}=<!-- cat space only -->{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Navseasoncats]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|testcasegap|list-all-links}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> n62psmg02fiad51vetvmqzp0s1t43m9 1358240 1358239 2021-08-23T10:13:00Z en>Tom.Reding 0 -cmt 1358240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Navseasoncats]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|testcasegap|list-all-links}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> hb9zguiykf8cxy05yfd45z6xg6hkx1u 1358241 1358240 2023-10-22T00:33:50Z en>RMCD bot 0 Notifying subject page of move discussion on [[Template talk:Navseasoncats#Requested move 22 October 2023|Template talk:Navseasoncats]] 1358241 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Template:Sequential chronology category navigation|2=Template talk:Navseasoncats#Requested move 22 October 2023}} </noinclude>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Navseasoncats]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|testcasegap|list-all-links}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 83dwgfrucdl9iuqigpcz9kf0ty46btd 1358242 1358241 2023-10-31T03:40:22Z en>Elli 0 Elli moved page [[Template:Navseasoncats]] to [[Template:Category series navigation]]: see [[Template talk:Navseasoncats#Requested move 22 October 2023|RM]] ([[Special:Permalink/1182745904#Requested move 22 October 2023|pl]]) 1358241 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{User:RMCD bot/subject notice|1=Template:Sequential chronology category navigation|2=Template talk:Navseasoncats#Requested move 22 October 2023}} </noinclude>{{#invoke:Navseasoncats|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Navseasoncats]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|testcasegap|list-all-links}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 83dwgfrucdl9iuqigpcz9kf0ty46btd 1358243 1358242 2023-10-31T03:45:30Z en>Elli 0 per move 1358243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Category series navigation|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Navseasoncats using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Category series navigation]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|testcasegap|list-all-links}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> aclw1gvx26677zfpcsu2zs2mbgt0zxi 1358244 1358243 2023-10-31T10:27:39Z en>Gonnym 0 /* top */bypass redirect 1358244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Category series navigation|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Category series navigation using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Category series navigation]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |min|max|skip-gaps|follow-redirects|cat|testcase|testcasegap|list-all-links}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> onwslyhs2a3aqu7plvn98c2ykihz23p 1358245 1358244 2023-10-31T12:48:44Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Alphasort recognized param list; +|show= 1358245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Category series navigation|navseasoncats}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Category series navigation using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Category series navigation]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |cat|follow-redirects|list-all-links|max|min|show|skip-gaps|testcase|testcasegap}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 4y5wjjjghff4y84jo7a07f2wijwp3hl 1358246 1358245 2023-11-05T14:45:46Z en>Tom.Reding 0 Update main function call 1358246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Category series navigation|csn}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Category series navigation using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Category series navigation]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |cat|follow-redirects|list-all-links|max|min|show|skip-gaps|testcase|testcasegap}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> pkkz7r2xlj5mqfpgclp6u115usdzlk7 1358247 1358246 2026-06-07T14:35:24Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[:en:Template:Category_series_navigation]] बाट ७५ संशोधन(हरू): आयात गर्दै 1358246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#invoke:Category series navigation|csn}}{{#switch:{{NAMESPACE}}| {{ns:14}}={{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check |showblankpositional=1 |unknown=[[Category:Category series navigation using unknown parameter|_VALUE_]] |preview=[[Template:Category series navigation]] does not recognize the parameter "{{!}}_VALUE_{{=}}". |cat|follow-redirects|list-all-links|max|min|show|skip-gaps|testcase|testcasegap}}}}<noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> pkkz7r2xlj5mqfpgclp6u115usdzlk7 10 150445 1358252 2008-01-13T19:58:14Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 [[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '<includeonly> {{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{#expr:(({{{1}}}-1)/10-0.5 round 0)+1}}s |Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noin...' 1358252 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{#expr:(({{{1}}}-1)/10-0.5 round 0)+1}}s |Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> ga0z33sebdfmmlr857qnyxvp7beag6c 1358253 1358252 2008-01-13T19:59:32Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 no -1 1358253 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{#expr:({{{1}}}/10-0.5 round 0)+1}}s |Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> qgqo6fbl7nx364ulgul93oom7rrp6ij 1358254 1358253 2008-01-13T20:00:16Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 nearly there 1358254 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly> {{#if:{{{1|}}}| {{#expr:({{{1}}}/10-0.5 round 0)}}0s |Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> d6hb34ul4oknwrjnbzlpxei4obz37w3 1358255 1358254 2008-01-13T20:03:39Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 whitespace 1358255 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#expr:({{{1}}}/10-0.5 round 0)}}0s|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> fsg5dc03u15fvvz594fksq648lps3ex 1358256 1358255 2008-01-13T20:07:33Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 fix 1358256 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}0s|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> 2ia6tenp6dgk32b4o0gqpde0or1vky7 1358257 1358256 2010-09-12T01:47:47Z en>HJ Mitchell 0 Protected Template:DECADE: batch protection of templates on [[Wikipedia:Database reports/Unprotected templates with many transclusions/3|database report]] per [[WP:HRT]] using [[WP:TW|TW]] ([edit=autoconfirmed] (indefinite) [move=sysop] (indefinite)) 1358256 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}0s|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> 2ia6tenp6dgk32b4o0gqpde0or1vky7 1358258 1358257 2010-09-15T08:21:27Z en>TFOWR 0 Unprotected Template:DECADE: Unprotection, Consensus at ANI appears to be that original protection level should be restored. using [[WP:TW|TW]] 1358256 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}0s|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> 2ia6tenp6dgk32b4o0gqpde0or1vky7 1358259 1358258 2012-04-23T10:21:59Z en>Arcticocean 0 Protected Template:DECADE: [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|Highly-visible template]] (over 1000 transclusions) (‎[edit=autoconfirmed] (indefinite) ‎[move=sysop] (indefinite)) 1358256 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}0s|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> 2ia6tenp6dgk32b4o0gqpde0or1vky7 1358260 1358259 2018-02-23T16:29:42Z en>Primefac 0 Changed protection level for "[[Template:DECADE]]": [[WP:HIGHRISK|high-risk]] template with 4000+ transclusions ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 1358256 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}0s|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> 2ia6tenp6dgk32b4o0gqpde0or1vky7 1358261 1358260 2020-05-14T01:11:58Z en>BrownHairedGirl 0 fix handling of single-digit decades. The previous version was returning "00s" when the parameter was a single-digit year. This corrected version returns "0s" 1358261 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # We have a parameter -->{{#ifexpr: {{{1}}} < 10 <!-- -->|0s<!-- -->|{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}0s<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation, template}}</noinclude> ednff3ffw66b79xm5apmuajxuq1tor4 1358262 1358261 2020-08-30T19:49:42Z en>WOSlinker 0 doc template 1358262 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # We have a parameter -->{{#ifexpr: {{{1}}} < 10 <!-- -->|0s<!-- -->|{{#expr:((({{{1}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}0s<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 305nrt34ja01sohkd0t627j6dcwro36 1358263 1358262 2025-01-05T20:52:11Z en>Aidan721 0 update template to be simpler and accept BC years 1358263 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # We have a parameter -->{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|BC|plain=false}} > 0<!-- # The year is BC -->|{{#expr:floor({{#invoke:String|replace|{{{1}}}|pattern=^(%d+) ?B?C?$|%1|1|false}} / 10) * 10}}s BC<!-- # The year is AD -->|{{#expr:floor({{{1}}} / 10) * 10}}s<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> gf2o2q76ax5lqww8eoz98cphezejfe6 1358264 1358263 2025-02-18T22:13:41Z en>Aidan721 0 support year argument with "AD" (e.g. AD 6) 1358264 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # We have a parameter -->{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|BC|plain=false}} > 0<!-- # The year is BC -->|{{#expr:floor({{#invoke:String|replace|{{{1}}}|pattern=^(%d+) ?B?C?$|%1|1|false}} / 10) * 10}}s BC<!-- # The year is AD -->|{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|BC|plain=false}} > 0<!-- -->|{{#expr:floor({{#invoke:String|replace|{{{1}}}|pattern=^A?D? ?(%d+)$|%1|1|false}} / 10) * 10}}s<!-- -->|{{#expr:floor({{{1}}} / 10) * 10}}s<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> 27okhzlnkjdc876aphuphgigkjomaiu 1358265 1358264 2025-02-18T22:13:52Z en>Aidan721 0 fix to previous edit 1358265 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # We have a parameter -->{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|BC|plain=false}} > 0<!-- # The year is BC -->|{{#expr:floor({{#invoke:String|replace|{{{1}}}|pattern=^(%d+) ?B?C?$|%1|1|false}} / 10) * 10}}s BC<!-- # The year is AD -->|{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|AD|plain=false}} > 0<!-- -->|{{#expr:floor({{#invoke:String|replace|{{{1}}}|pattern=^A?D? ?(%d+)$|%1|1|false}} / 10) * 10}}s<!-- -->|{{#expr:floor({{{1}}} / 10) * 10}}s<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> c2jtqazi2do3pa6o05mahlbqtospvt4 1358266 1358265 2026-06-07T14:37:55Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[:en:Template:DECADE]] बाट १४ संशोधन(हरू): आयात गर्दै 1358265 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # We have a parameter -->{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|BC|plain=false}} > 0<!-- # The year is BC -->|{{#expr:floor({{#invoke:String|replace|{{{1}}}|pattern=^(%d+) ?B?C?$|%1|1|false}} / 10) * 10}}s BC<!-- # The year is AD -->|{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:String|find|{{{1}}}|AD|plain=false}} > 0<!-- -->|{{#expr:floor({{#invoke:String|replace|{{{1}}}|pattern=^A?D? ?(%d+)$|%1|1|false}} / 10) * 10}}s<!-- -->|{{#expr:floor({{{1}}} / 10) * 10}}s<!-- -->}}<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|Parameter 1=''year'' required!}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{Documentation}}</noinclude> c2jtqazi2do3pa6o05mahlbqtospvt4 1358286 1358266 2026-06-07T15:30:13Z Biplab Anand 13653 उद्यतन गरियो 1358286 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#if:{{{1|}}}<!-- -->|<!-- # एउटा प्यारामिटर छ -->{{#ifexpr: {{#invoke:ConvertTime|main|{{{1}}}}} < 10 <!-- -->|০-एक दशक<!-- -->|{{#invoke:ConvertDigit|main|{{#expr:((({{#invoke:ConvertTime|main|{{{1}}}}}/10)-0.5) round 0)}}}}০-एक दशक<!-- -->}}<!-- -->|प्यारामिटरहरू 1=''दशक'' प्रयोजन!}}<!-- --></includeonly><!-- --><noinclude>{{कागजात}}</noinclude> 64lnil9y6krteb1vhg14y1xzc1z9376 828 150446 1358268 2023-11-20T04:07:01Z en>Alexis Jazz 0 Imported page from https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module:TemplateStyles [[[w:en:User:Alexis Jazz/AJsImportTool.js|AJsImportTool]]] 1358268 Scribunto text/plain return function (CSS_page) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = "templatestyles", args = { src = CSS_page } } end oqqpj2a1rchbdjx745s6fbxdka74irm 1358269 1358268 2024-02-01T18:00:33Z en>MusikBot II 0 Protected "[[Module:TemplateStyles]]": [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 3340 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite)) 1358268 Scribunto text/plain return function (CSS_page) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = "templatestyles", args = { src = CSS_page } } end oqqpj2a1rchbdjx745s6fbxdka74irm 1358270 1358269 2025-08-11T22:42:25Z en>Pppery 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Module:TemplateStyles]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]] ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 1358268 Scribunto text/plain return function (CSS_page) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = "templatestyles", args = { src = CSS_page } } end oqqpj2a1rchbdjx745s6fbxdka74irm 1358271 1358270 2026-06-07T15:00:28Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[:en:Module:TemplateStyles]] बाट ३ संशोधन(हरू): आयात गर्दै 1358268 Scribunto text/plain return function (CSS_page) return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag{ name = "templatestyles", args = { src = CSS_page } } end oqqpj2a1rchbdjx745s6fbxdka74irm 828 150447 1358272 2023-12-26T21:55:24Z en>JWBTH 0 [[WP:AES|←]]Created page with '.categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { text-align: center; margin: auto; display: table; padding: 8px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-style: none; background-color: transparent; }' 1358272 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { text-align: center; margin: auto; display: table; padding: 8px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-style: none; background-color: transparent; } 0au2zmr2vk0g6bibypke2q1ridap2oo 1358273 1358272 2023-12-26T22:12:58Z en>JWBTH 0 Vector 2022 styles 1358273 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { margin: auto; display: table; padding: 8px; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 0; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-style: none; background-color: transparent; } pvnwxkkktfma04tf689x57wtgqv12ei 1358274 1358273 2023-12-26T22:13:38Z en>JWBTH 0 tweak 1358274 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { margin: auto; display: table; padding: 8px; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-style: none; background-color: transparent; } drvl20lpwly81lfmb4zmhgsee0c3cku 1358275 1358274 2023-12-26T22:17:07Z en>JWBTH 0 border-width instead of border-style 1358275 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { margin: auto; display: table; padding: 8px; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } 2rremzvnjzz6znwvk11orkka8jdcs91 1358276 1358275 2023-12-26T23:08:43Z en>JWBTH 0 fix the look in documentation 1358276 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { margin: auto; display: table; padding: 8px; border-collapse: separate; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } 6ukatza6r0zvs39irhmv92v9xrxicer 1358277 1358276 2023-12-26T23:21:53Z en>JWBTH 0 +.categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive 1358277 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { margin: auto; display: table; padding: 8px; border-collapse: separate; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } f5ob4gp4f8qlcpfyd0ylzoi0qrpw7fd 1358278 1358277 2023-12-26T23:32:01Z en>JWBTH 0 reorder 1358278 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { display: table; border-collapse: separate; margin: auto; padding: 8px; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } gsu06tsbihex3o6oe4ts0avn8c7zv9t 1358279 1358278 2023-12-27T07:02:02Z en>JWBTH 0 still need text-align for narrow widths, when there is a line wrap 1358279 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { display: table; border-collapse: separate; margin: auto; padding: 8px; text-align: center; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } iul1phrv909x7r25xzzxk3lxt3y5wxu 1358280 1358279 2023-12-27T07:02:58Z en>JWBTH 0 add a rule for Minerva 1358280 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { display: table; border-collapse: separate; margin: auto; padding: 8px; text-align: center; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range, body.skin-minerva .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } 0p7aknkjb7x2ey3tlc0afnrmoqjvthh 1358281 1358280 2024-02-01T18:00:32Z en>MusikBot II 0 Protected "[[Module:Category series navigation/styles.css]]": [[Wikipedia:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: 3339 transclusions ([[User:MusikBot II/TemplateProtector|more info]]) ([Edit=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite) [Move=Require extended confirmed access] (indefinite)) 1358280 sanitized-css text/css .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { display: table; border-collapse: separate; margin: auto; padding: 8px; text-align: center; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range, body.skin-minerva .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } 0p7aknkjb7x2ey3tlc0afnrmoqjvthh 1358282 1358281 2025-01-18T08:51:21Z en>Jeeputer 0 +{{pp-template}} 1358282 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { display: table; border-collapse: separate; margin: auto; padding: 8px; text-align: center; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range, body.skin-minerva .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } nnpupje0wyv1gef8ljgpir8a5i5qwqw 1358283 1358282 2025-08-11T22:41:07Z en>Pppery 0 Changed protection settings for "[[Module:Category series navigation/styles.css]]": [[WP:High-risk templates|High-risk template or module]]: Currently the highest-transclusion page not currently templateeditor or sysop protected ([Edit=Require template editor access] (indefinite) [Move=Require template editor access] (indefinite)) 1358282 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { display: table; border-collapse: separate; margin: auto; padding: 8px; text-align: center; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range, body.skin-minerva .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } nnpupje0wyv1gef8ljgpir8a5i5qwqw 1358284 1358283 2026-06-07T15:01:29Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[:en:Module:Category_series_navigation/styles.css]] बाट १२ संशोधन(हरू): आयात गर्दै 1358282 sanitized-css text/css /* {{pp-template}} */ .categorySeriesNavigation { display: flow-root; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range { display: table; border-collapse: separate; margin: auto; padding: 8px; text-align: center; } body.skin-vector-2022 .categorySeriesNavigation-range, body.skin-minerva .categorySeriesNavigation-range { padding: 3px; } .categorySeriesNavigation-range-transparent { border-width: 0; background-color: transparent; } .categorySeriesNavigation-item-inactive { color: #72777d; } nnpupje0wyv1gef8ljgpir8a5i5qwqw 14 150448 1358287 2026-06-07T15:31:38Z Biplab Anand 13653 +नयाँ श्रेणी 1358287 wikitext text/x-wiki यो श्रेणी '''[[{{Title year}}]]'''मा स्थापित '''[[विमानस्थल]]हरू'''को लागि हो। {{Navseasoncats with decades below year}} [[श्रेणी:स्थापना अनुसार विमानस्थलहरू|{{Title year}}]] 840c4c6ys6egdf8oj4bmg7b2m2hkbes 14 150449 1358292 2026-06-07T16:14:50Z Biplab Anand 13653 +नयाँ श्रेणी 1358292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catmainभारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण}} {{commonscat|Airports Authority of India|भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण}} [[श्रेणी:विमानस्थल सञ्चालकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतमा उड्डयन]] [[श्रेणी:भारतका सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका कम्पनीहरू]] bqybfck0gzla9z9ihd4ji02skaut8wz 1358293 1358292 2026-06-07T16:15:11Z Biplab Anand 13653 सुधार गरियो 1358293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catmain|भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण}} {{commonscat|Airports Authority of India|भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण}} [[श्रेणी:विमानस्थल सञ्चालकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतमा उड्डयन]] [[श्रेणी:भारतका सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका कम्पनीहरू]] ft5vq7re80x06uscr5calkiq31yt5m6 1358295 1358293 2026-06-07T16:19:50Z Biplab Anand 13653 Biplab Anand ले [[श्रेणी:भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण]] मा पुनर्निर्देश नछोडि त्यसलाई [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] मा सारेको हो: गलत हिज्जे शीर्षक 1358293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catmain|भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण}} {{commonscat|Airports Authority of India|भारतीय उड्डयन प्राधिकरण}} [[श्रेणी:विमानस्थल सञ्चालकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतमा उड्डयन]] [[श्रेणी:भारतका सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका कम्पनीहरू]] ft5vq7re80x06uscr5calkiq31yt5m6 1358296 1358295 2026-06-07T16:20:24Z Biplab Anand 13653 सुधार गरियो 1358296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{catmain|भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण}} {{commonscat|Airports Authority of India|भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण}} [[श्रेणी:विमानस्थल सञ्चालकहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतमा उड्डयन]] [[श्रेणी:भारतका सरकारी स्वामित्वमा रहेका कम्पनीहरू]] bel4nonkwhh66zpb36x21926n2wu2tz 14 150450 1358294 2026-06-07T16:17:51Z Biplab Anand 13653 +नयाँ श्रेणी 1358294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Commons category|Airports in West Bengal|पश्चिम बङ्गालका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका राज्य तथा केन्द्र शासित प्रदेशका विमानस्थलहरू|पश्चिम बङ्गाल]] [[श्रेणी:पश्चिम बङ्गालमा पर्यटन]] 7iql6w75785v8in5b46cjeh90k2umbx 3 150451 1358301 2026-06-07T16:39:30Z नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत 28168 [[ढाँचा:नमस्ते|स्वागतम्]] 1358301 wikitext text/x-wiki ==विकिपिडियामा स्वागत छ!== <div style="width: 99%; color: #111; {{box-shadow|0|1px|3px|rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35)}} {{border-radius|2px}}"> <div style="overflow:hidden; height:auto; background: #fff; width: 100%; padding-bottom:18px;"> <div style="font-size: 36px; margin-top: 24px;margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height: 1.2em;">नमस्ते, Mr.Shiva Mauryaज्यू</div> <div style="font-size: 24px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 16px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; color: #666; "> [[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा हार्दिक [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत|स्वागत]] छ! </div></div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; color: black; background-color:#fff"> <div style="display: flex; flex-flow: row wrap; background-color:#EAECF0; padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="font-size: 18px; padding-top: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: center; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.5em; color: #111; "> हालसम्म नेपाली विकिपिडियामा [[विशेष:Statistics|२९,७९९]] लेखहरू छन्। यसलाई बढाउन तपाईंको योगदानको आवश्यकता रहेको छ। आउनुहोस् तपाईं हामी सबै मिलेर नेपाली विकिपिडियालाई विश्वका अन्य प्रमुख [[:meta:List_of_Wikipedias/ne|भाषाका विकिपिडिया जत्ति कै धनी]] बनाऔँ। विकिपिडियाले कुनै पनि व्यक्तिलाई सम्पादन गर्ने अधिकार दिन्छ। मलाई आशा छ कि तपाईंले यहाँ मन पराउनुहुन्छ र योगदान गर्ने निर्णय गर्नुहुन्छ।</div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Symbol support2 vote.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुरुवात</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * पहिले [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडियाको बारेमा|विकिपिडियाको परिचय पृष्ठ]] पढ्नुहोस्। * तपाईंले कसरी [[मद्दत:सहायता विषयसूचि|विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ]] जान्नुहोस्। * आफ्नो परिचय दिनको लागि तपाईंको [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Mr.Shiva Maurya|प्रयोगकर्ता पृष्ठ]] बनाउनुहोला ताकि हामी तपाईंलाई अझ राम्रोसँग चिन्न सक्छौँ। (परिचय दिइरहनु आवश्यक नै भने छैन) </div> </div> <div style="flex: 1 1 300px;"><br/> <div style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Linux Libertine',Georgia,Times,serif; line-height:1.2em; font-weight:normal;">[[चित्र:Artículo bueno-blue.svg|25px|alt=|link=]] सुझावहरू</div> <div style="font-size: 15px;"> * कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/वार्तालाप पृष्ठ|वार्तालाप पृष्ठ]]मा चारवटा वक्र (<code><nowiki>~~~~</nowiki></code>) प्रयोग गरि हस्ताक्षर गर्नुहोला। यसो गर्नाले वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा स्वत: तपाईंको नाम, वार्ता पृष्ठसूत्र र मिति थपिने छ। * यदि तपाईंलाई विकिपिडियामा केही समस्या परेको छ भने आफ्नो वार्तालाप पृष्ठमा <code>'''<nowiki>{{मद्दत}}</nowiki>'''</code> राख्नु होला। हाम्रा प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले तपाईंको समस्याको समाधान बताउने छन्। * नयाँ पृष्ठहरू [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सम्पादन|सम्पादन गर्दा]] वा [[विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|सिर्जना गर्दा]], [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा/सन्दर्भ|सन्दर्भ]]हरू थप्दा वा मेटाउँदा गल्ती गर्न डराउनु पर्दैन किनकि गल्ती जो कोहीबाट हुन् सक्छ। </div> </div> </div> <div style="padding: 10px; padding-left: 25px; "> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:कसरी लेख बनाउने?|कसरी लेख बनाउने?|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> <div style="text-align: center;"> {{clickable button 2|विकिपिडिया:चिया घर|यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने यहाँ सोध्नुहोस्|class=mw-ui-constructive center}} </div> </div> </div> </div> '''स्वागतम्''', हामी नेपाली विकिपिडियामा तपाईंको सम्पादनको लागि पर्खिरहेका छौँ! -- [[User:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत]] ([[User talk:नेपाली विकिपिडिया स्वागत|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २२:२४, ७ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय) rh6vsqibnkcbd9377e3ez0yvq1146ht 0 150452 1358306 2026-06-08T02:31:50Z Biplab Anand 13653 +महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल 1358306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल | image = Mbb airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = 270 | location = सिङ्गरभिल, अगरतला, [[त्रिपुरा]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1942|||df=y|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = y | elevation-m = 14 | coordinates = {{Coord|23|53|24|N|091|14|32|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IXA''' | r1-length-f = 7,500 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = y | IATA = IXA | ICAO = VEAT | pushpin_map = India Tripura#India | pushpin_map_caption = त्रिपुरामा विमानस्थलको स्थान | type = सार्वजनिक | owner-oper = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अगरतला]] | elevation-f = 49 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/agartala|अगरतला विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-m = 2,286 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,१०,७९३ ({{decrease}} ४.१%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ९,९४५ ({{decrease}} ८.८%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ५,४८९ ({{increase}} ८१.६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल''' {{Airport codes|IXA|VEAT}} जसलाई '''अगरतला विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ<ref>{{cite web |title=Change of name of Agartala Airport |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/188308.pdf |website=EGazette |publisher=Government of India |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-maharaja-bir-bikram-manikya-kishore/article24330340.ece |title=Agartala Airport to be named after Maharaja Bir Bikram Manikya Kishore |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 July 2018 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Deb |first=Debraj |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-king/cid/1453829 |title=Agartala airport to be named after king |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=30 October 2017 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-renamed-after-tripuras-last-king-250631.htm |title=Agartala airport renamed Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, after Tripura's last king |date=4 July 2018 |publisher=cnbctv18.com |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>, [[त्रिपुरा]]को राजधानी [[अगरतला]]बाट {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा अवस्थित एक [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Agartala airport set to launch international flight services after Centre's immigration clearance |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-international-flight-services-centre-immigration-clearance-16817971.htm |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=CNBC |agency=PTI |date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> यो [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा प्रशासित छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|title=Civil Airport Agartala|website=airportsindia.org.in|access-date=2 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105151636/http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=5 November 2007}}</ref> यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल र भारतको २९औँ व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल र [[इम्फाल विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको तेस्रो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। विमानस्थलको हालको एकीकृत टर्मिनलमा २० वटा चेक-इन काउन्टरहरू, छ वटा पार्किङहरू, चारवटा एयरोब्रिजहरू, कन्भेयर बेल्टहरू र इन-लाइन ब्यागेज प्रणाली, एस्केलेटरहरू, लिफ्टहरू, आदि जस्ता यात्रु-मैत्री आधुनिक सुविधाहरू छन्। नयाँ टर्मिनल भवनको अतिरिक्त, धावनमार्गमा नयाँ समानान्तर ट्याक्सीवे र दुई नयाँ ह्याङ्गरहरू निर्माण भइरहेका छन्। [[बङ्गलादेश]]को सीमा पार गर्दै विमानस्थलको विस्तारको रूपमा धावनमार्गसँगै अर्को टर्मिनल निर्माण गरिनेछ। यो नयाँ टर्मिनलले भारतीय क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश नगरी विमानस्थलमा पहुँच गर्ने बङ्गलादेशीहरूलाई सेवा दिनेछ। यो व्यवस्था [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]-[[मेक्सिको]] सीमामा अवस्थित मेक्सिकोको [[तिहुआना अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]को क्रस बोर्डर एक्सप्रेस टर्मिनल जस्तै गरी बनाइएको छ।<ref>{{cite news|title=India asks Bangladesh for land to expand Agartala airport runway|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-india-asks-b-desh-for-land-to-expand-agartala-airport-runway-540971|work=India TV|date=7 August 2019|access-date=24 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} lnx2wrbrc587jj1agf7oi9jrek14loo 1358307 1358306 2026-06-08T02:32:53Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल | image = Mbb airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = 270 | location = सिङ्गरभिल, अगरतला, [[त्रिपुरा]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1942|||df=y|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = y | elevation-m = 14 | coordinates = {{Coord|23|53|24|N|091|14|32|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IXA''' | r1-length-f = 7,500 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = y | IATA = IXA | ICAO = VEAT | pushpin_map = India Tripura#India | pushpin_map_caption = त्रिपुरामा विमानस्थलको स्थान | type = सार्वजनिक | owner-oper = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अगरतला]] | elevation-f = 49 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/agartala|अगरतला विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-m = 2,286 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,१०,७९३ ({{decrease}} ४.१%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ९,९४५ ({{decrease}} ८.८%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ५,४८९ ({{increase}} ८१.६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल''' {{Airport codes|IXA|VEAT}} जसलाई '''अगरतला विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ<ref>{{cite web |title=Change of name of Agartala Airport |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/188308.pdf |website=EGazette |publisher=Government of India |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-maharaja-bir-bikram-manikya-kishore/article24330340.ece |title=Agartala Airport to be named after Maharaja Bir Bikram Manikya Kishore |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 July 2018 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Deb |first=Debraj |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-king/cid/1453829 |title=Agartala airport to be named after king |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=30 October 2017 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-renamed-after-tripuras-last-king-250631.htm |title=Agartala airport renamed Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, after Tripura's last king |date=4 July 2018 |publisher=cnbctv18.com |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>, [[त्रिपुरा]]को राजधानी [[अगरतला]]बाट {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा अवस्थित एक [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Agartala airport set to launch international flight services after Centre's immigration clearance |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-international-flight-services-centre-immigration-clearance-16817971.htm |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=CNBC |agency=PTI |date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> यो [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा प्रशासित छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|title=Civil Airport Agartala|website=airportsindia.org.in|access-date=2 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105151636/http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=5 November 2007}}</ref> यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल र भारतको २९औँ व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल र [[इम्फाल विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको तेस्रो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। विमानस्थलको हालको एकीकृत टर्मिनलमा २० वटा चेक-इन काउन्टरहरू, छ वटा पार्किङहरू, चारवटा एयरोब्रिजहरू, कन्भेयर बेल्टहरू र इन-लाइन ब्यागेज प्रणाली, एस्केलेटरहरू, लिफ्टहरू, आदि जस्ता यात्रु-मैत्री आधुनिक सुविधाहरू छन्। नयाँ टर्मिनल भवनको अतिरिक्त, धावनमार्गमा नयाँ समानान्तर ट्याक्सीवे र दुई नयाँ ह्याङ्गरहरू निर्माण भइरहेका छन्। [[बङ्गलादेश]]को सीमा पार गर्दै विमानस्थलको विस्तारको रूपमा धावनमार्गसँगै अर्को टर्मिनल निर्माण गरिनेछ। यो नयाँ टर्मिनलले भारतीय क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश नगरी विमानस्थलमा पहुँच गर्ने बङ्गलादेशीहरूलाई सेवा दिनेछ। यो व्यवस्था [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]-[[मेक्सिको]] सीमामा अवस्थित मेक्सिकोको [[तिहुआना अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]को क्रस बोर्डर एक्सप्रेस टर्मिनल जस्तै गरी बनाइएको छ।<ref>{{cite news|title=India asks Bangladesh for land to expand Agartala airport runway|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-india-asks-b-desh-for-land-to-expand-agartala-airport-runway-540971|work=India TV|date=7 August 2019|access-date=24 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] 3tjss91q5gti6ah4oqh7lj6paifkbee 1358308 1358307 2026-06-08T02:33:11Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:त्रिपुराका विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल | image = Mbb airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = 270 | location = सिङ्गरभिल, अगरतला, [[त्रिपुरा]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1942|||df=y|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = y | elevation-m = 14 | coordinates = {{Coord|23|53|24|N|091|14|32|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IXA''' | r1-length-f = 7,500 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = y | IATA = IXA | ICAO = VEAT | pushpin_map = India Tripura#India | pushpin_map_caption = त्रिपुरामा विमानस्थलको स्थान | type = सार्वजनिक | owner-oper = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अगरतला]] | elevation-f = 49 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/agartala|अगरतला विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-m = 2,286 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,१०,७९३ ({{decrease}} ४.१%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ९,९४५ ({{decrease}} ८.८%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ५,४८९ ({{increase}} ८१.६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल''' {{Airport codes|IXA|VEAT}} जसलाई '''अगरतला विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ<ref>{{cite web |title=Change of name of Agartala Airport |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/188308.pdf |website=EGazette |publisher=Government of India |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-maharaja-bir-bikram-manikya-kishore/article24330340.ece |title=Agartala Airport to be named after Maharaja Bir Bikram Manikya Kishore |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 July 2018 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Deb |first=Debraj |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-king/cid/1453829 |title=Agartala airport to be named after king |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=30 October 2017 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-renamed-after-tripuras-last-king-250631.htm |title=Agartala airport renamed Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, after Tripura's last king |date=4 July 2018 |publisher=cnbctv18.com |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>, [[त्रिपुरा]]को राजधानी [[अगरतला]]बाट {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा अवस्थित एक [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Agartala airport set to launch international flight services after Centre's immigration clearance |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-international-flight-services-centre-immigration-clearance-16817971.htm |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=CNBC |agency=PTI |date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> यो [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा प्रशासित छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|title=Civil Airport Agartala|website=airportsindia.org.in|access-date=2 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105151636/http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=5 November 2007}}</ref> यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल र भारतको २९औँ व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल र [[इम्फाल विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको तेस्रो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। विमानस्थलको हालको एकीकृत टर्मिनलमा २० वटा चेक-इन काउन्टरहरू, छ वटा पार्किङहरू, चारवटा एयरोब्रिजहरू, कन्भेयर बेल्टहरू र इन-लाइन ब्यागेज प्रणाली, एस्केलेटरहरू, लिफ्टहरू, आदि जस्ता यात्रु-मैत्री आधुनिक सुविधाहरू छन्। नयाँ टर्मिनल भवनको अतिरिक्त, धावनमार्गमा नयाँ समानान्तर ट्याक्सीवे र दुई नयाँ ह्याङ्गरहरू निर्माण भइरहेका छन्। [[बङ्गलादेश]]को सीमा पार गर्दै विमानस्थलको विस्तारको रूपमा धावनमार्गसँगै अर्को टर्मिनल निर्माण गरिनेछ। यो नयाँ टर्मिनलले भारतीय क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश नगरी विमानस्थलमा पहुँच गर्ने बङ्गलादेशीहरूलाई सेवा दिनेछ। यो व्यवस्था [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]-[[मेक्सिको]] सीमामा अवस्थित मेक्सिकोको [[तिहुआना अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]को क्रस बोर्डर एक्सप्रेस टर्मिनल जस्तै गरी बनाइएको छ।<ref>{{cite news|title=India asks Bangladesh for land to expand Agartala airport runway|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-india-asks-b-desh-for-land-to-expand-agartala-airport-runway-540971|work=India TV|date=7 August 2019|access-date=24 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:त्रिपुराका विमानस्थलहरू]] 8t97jy61eecai2az1l49k40xdyzxsuf 1358309 1358308 2026-06-08T02:33:32Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:सन् १९४२ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल | image = Mbb airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = 270 | location = सिङ्गरभिल, अगरतला, [[त्रिपुरा]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1942|||df=y|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = y | elevation-m = 14 | coordinates = {{Coord|23|53|24|N|091|14|32|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IXA''' | r1-length-f = 7,500 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = y | IATA = IXA | ICAO = VEAT | pushpin_map = India Tripura#India | pushpin_map_caption = त्रिपुरामा विमानस्थलको स्थान | type = सार्वजनिक | owner-oper = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अगरतला]] | elevation-f = 49 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/agartala|अगरतला विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-m = 2,286 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,१०,७९३ ({{decrease}} ४.१%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ९,९४५ ({{decrease}} ८.८%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ५,४८९ ({{increase}} ८१.६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल''' {{Airport codes|IXA|VEAT}} जसलाई '''अगरतला विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ<ref>{{cite web |title=Change of name of Agartala Airport |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/188308.pdf |website=EGazette |publisher=Government of India |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-maharaja-bir-bikram-manikya-kishore/article24330340.ece |title=Agartala Airport to be named after Maharaja Bir Bikram Manikya Kishore |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 July 2018 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Deb |first=Debraj |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-king/cid/1453829 |title=Agartala airport to be named after king |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=30 October 2017 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-renamed-after-tripuras-last-king-250631.htm |title=Agartala airport renamed Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, after Tripura's last king |date=4 July 2018 |publisher=cnbctv18.com |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>, [[त्रिपुरा]]को राजधानी [[अगरतला]]बाट {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा अवस्थित एक [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Agartala airport set to launch international flight services after Centre's immigration clearance |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-international-flight-services-centre-immigration-clearance-16817971.htm |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=CNBC |agency=PTI |date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> यो [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा प्रशासित छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|title=Civil Airport Agartala|website=airportsindia.org.in|access-date=2 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105151636/http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=5 November 2007}}</ref> यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल र भारतको २९औँ व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल र [[इम्फाल विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको तेस्रो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। विमानस्थलको हालको एकीकृत टर्मिनलमा २० वटा चेक-इन काउन्टरहरू, छ वटा पार्किङहरू, चारवटा एयरोब्रिजहरू, कन्भेयर बेल्टहरू र इन-लाइन ब्यागेज प्रणाली, एस्केलेटरहरू, लिफ्टहरू, आदि जस्ता यात्रु-मैत्री आधुनिक सुविधाहरू छन्। नयाँ टर्मिनल भवनको अतिरिक्त, धावनमार्गमा नयाँ समानान्तर ट्याक्सीवे र दुई नयाँ ह्याङ्गरहरू निर्माण भइरहेका छन्। [[बङ्गलादेश]]को सीमा पार गर्दै विमानस्थलको विस्तारको रूपमा धावनमार्गसँगै अर्को टर्मिनल निर्माण गरिनेछ। यो नयाँ टर्मिनलले भारतीय क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश नगरी विमानस्थलमा पहुँच गर्ने बङ्गलादेशीहरूलाई सेवा दिनेछ। यो व्यवस्था [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]-[[मेक्सिको]] सीमामा अवस्थित मेक्सिकोको [[तिहुआना अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]को क्रस बोर्डर एक्सप्रेस टर्मिनल जस्तै गरी बनाइएको छ।<ref>{{cite news|title=India asks Bangladesh for land to expand Agartala airport runway|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-india-asks-b-desh-for-land-to-expand-agartala-airport-runway-540971|work=India TV|date=7 August 2019|access-date=24 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:त्रिपुराका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९४२ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] qg7q0gw5hl5lj2teq6dewk6wnndcs8w 1358310 1358309 2026-06-08T02:33:54Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] जोडियो 1358310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल | image = Mbb airport.jpg | caption = | image-width = 270 | location = सिङ्गरभिल, अगरतला, [[त्रिपुरा]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1942|||df=y|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = y | elevation-m = 14 | coordinates = {{Coord|23|53|24|N|091|14|32|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IXA''' | r1-length-f = 7,500 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = y | IATA = IXA | ICAO = VEAT | pushpin_map = India Tripura#India | pushpin_map_caption = त्रिपुरामा विमानस्थलको स्थान | type = सार्वजनिक | owner-oper = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | city-served = [[अगरतला]] | elevation-f = 49 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/agartala|अगरतला विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = १८/३६ | r1-length-m = 2,286 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,१०,७९३ ({{decrease}} ४.१%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ९,९४५ ({{decrease}} ८.८%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ५,४८९ ({{increase}} ८१.६%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=28 April 2025}}</ref> }} '''महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल''' {{Airport codes|IXA|VEAT}} जसलाई '''अगरतला विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ<ref>{{cite web |title=Change of name of Agartala Airport |url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2018/188308.pdf |website=EGazette |publisher=Government of India |access-date=9 August 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-maharaja-bir-bikram-manikya-kishore/article24330340.ece |title=Agartala Airport to be named after Maharaja Bir Bikram Manikya Kishore |newspaper=The Hindu |date=4 July 2018 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Deb |first=Debraj |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/agartala-airport-to-be-named-after-king/cid/1453829 |title=Agartala airport to be named after king |publisher=Telegraphindia.com |date=30 October 2017 |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-renamed-after-tripuras-last-king-250631.htm |title=Agartala airport renamed Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, after Tripura's last king |date=4 July 2018 |publisher=cnbctv18.com |access-date=18 February 2020}}</ref>, [[त्रिपुरा]]को राजधानी [[अगरतला]]बाट {{convert|12|km|mi|abbr=on}} उत्तरपश्चिममा अवस्थित एक [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो।<ref>{{cite news |title=Agartala airport set to launch international flight services after Centre's immigration clearance |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/aviation/agartala-airport-international-flight-services-centre-immigration-clearance-16817971.htm |access-date=14 September 2023 |work=CNBC |agency=PTI |date=31 May 2023 |language=en}}</ref> यो [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा प्रशासित छ।<ref>{{cite web|url=http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|title=Civil Airport Agartala|website=airportsindia.org.in|access-date=2 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071105151636/http://airportsindia.org.in/allAirports/agartala_generalinfo.jsp|archive-date=5 November 2007}}</ref> यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको दोस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल र भारतको २९औँ व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल र [[इम्फाल विमानस्थल]]पछि उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतको तेस्रो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल हो। विमानस्थलको हालको एकीकृत टर्मिनलमा २० वटा चेक-इन काउन्टरहरू, छ वटा पार्किङहरू, चारवटा एयरोब्रिजहरू, कन्भेयर बेल्टहरू र इन-लाइन ब्यागेज प्रणाली, एस्केलेटरहरू, लिफ्टहरू, आदि जस्ता यात्रु-मैत्री आधुनिक सुविधाहरू छन्। नयाँ टर्मिनल भवनको अतिरिक्त, धावनमार्गमा नयाँ समानान्तर ट्याक्सीवे र दुई नयाँ ह्याङ्गरहरू निर्माण भइरहेका छन्। [[बङ्गलादेश]]को सीमा पार गर्दै विमानस्थलको विस्तारको रूपमा धावनमार्गसँगै अर्को टर्मिनल निर्माण गरिनेछ। यो नयाँ टर्मिनलले भारतीय क्षेत्रमा प्रवेश नगरी विमानस्थलमा पहुँच गर्ने बङ्गलादेशीहरूलाई सेवा दिनेछ। यो व्यवस्था [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]-[[मेक्सिको]] सीमामा अवस्थित मेक्सिकोको [[तिहुआना अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]को क्रस बोर्डर एक्सप्रेस टर्मिनल जस्तै गरी बनाइएको छ।<ref>{{cite news|title=India asks Bangladesh for land to expand Agartala airport runway|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india-india-asks-b-desh-for-land-to-expand-agartala-airport-runway-540971|work=India TV|date=7 August 2019|access-date=24 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> ==इतिहास== ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:त्रिपुराका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९४२ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] 1zkignih0uis83bn34jbkfvfzh8aiwx 0 150453 1358312 2026-06-08T02:56:15Z Biplab Anand 13653 +लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल 1358312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल | nativename = <!-- Please do not add Assamese/any other Indian language here, per WP:NOINDICSCRIPT. --> | IATA = GAU | ICAO = VEGT | type = सार्वजनिक/सैन्य | owner = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | operator = [[अदानी समूह|गुवाहाटी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल लिमिटेड]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbonds.com/company/271983/|title=Guwahati International Airport|website=cbonds.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> | city-served = [[गुवाहाटी]], [[दिसपुर]] | location = [[बोरझार]], गुवाहाटी, [[असम]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1958|||df=yes|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 49 | elevation-f = 162 | coordinates = {{coord|26|06|22|N|091|35|09|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = [https://www.adani.com/lgbia-guwahati-airport लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल] | pushpin_map = India Assam#India | pushpin_label = '''GAU''' | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = ०२/२० | r1-length-m = 3,110 | r1-length-f = 10,200 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ६६,२२,७८४ ({{increase}} ७.५%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ४६,४१८ ({{increase}} ०.९%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ३२,९९० ({{increase}} २३.९९%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> | image = Guwahati Airport Logo.svg | image-width = 230px | image2 = Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport.jpg | image2-width = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = असममा विमानस्थलको स्थान | focus_city = <div> * [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]] * [[इन्डिगो]]</div> }} '''लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|GAU|VEGT}}, वा '''गुवाहाटी विमानस्थल''', [[असम]]को सबैभन्दा ठुलो सहर [[गुवाहाटी]] र राज्यको राजधानी [[दिसपुर]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो उत्तरपूर्वी भारतको प्राथमिक विमानस्थल हो। यो दिसपुरबाट {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} र गुवाहाटीबाट {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} टाढा [[बोरझार]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम भारतको स्वतन्त्रता पछि एक स्वतन्त्रता कार्यकर्ता र [[असमको मुख्यमन्त्री|असमका पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री]] [[गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा व्यवस्थित गरिएको छ र यसले [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को आधारको रूपमा पनि काम गर्दछ। ==इतिहास== सन् १९५८ मा स्थापना भएदेखि नै विमानस्थलले राज्यका साथै उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतमा सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास, वृद्धि, सम्पर्क र पर्यटनलाई सहज बनाउन धेरै विस्तार र नवीकरणहरू गरेको छ। सन् २०१७ मा यस विमानस्थलले ३७ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रुहरूलाई सम्हालेको थियो, जुन सन् २०१६ को तुलनामा ३६% ले वृद्धि हो। सन् २०१८-१९ मा विमानस्थलमा वार्षिक २३% भन्दा बढीको ट्राफिक देखिएको थियो, सोही अवधिमा कुल ५७ लाख यात्रु र ५५,०६६ विमान आवागमन भएको थियो। सन् २०२३ मा, विमानस्थलले यात्रु र विमान आवागमनको हिसाबले आफ्नो स्थापना भएदेखि नै उच्चतम क्षमतामा सञ्चालन गरेको थियो। सन् २०२३ डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म यसले ५६ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रु र ४६,६०० विमान आवागमन गरेको थियो, जसको अद्यावधिक तथ्याङ्क सन् २०२४ अप्रिलमा आउने थियो, जसले गर्दा प्रतिवर्ष लगभग ६० लाख यात्रुको उच्चतम क्षमतालाई छोएको थियो।<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|last=Kalita|first=Kangkan|title=New terminal of Guwahati airport to take off this year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/new-terminal-of-guwahati-airport-to-take-off-this-year/articleshow/106530401.cms|work=The Times of India|date=4 January 2024|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} bq4spxru125yqaw3mzghhh7wstwj0mn 1358313 1358312 2026-06-08T02:57:21Z Biplab Anand 13653 Biplab Anandद्वारा [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल]] पृष्ठलाई [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]मा सारियो: प्रचलित शीर्षक 1358312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल | nativename = <!-- Please do not add Assamese/any other Indian language here, per WP:NOINDICSCRIPT. --> | IATA = GAU | ICAO = VEGT | type = सार्वजनिक/सैन्य | owner = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | operator = [[अदानी समूह|गुवाहाटी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल लिमिटेड]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbonds.com/company/271983/|title=Guwahati International Airport|website=cbonds.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> | city-served = [[गुवाहाटी]], [[दिसपुर]] | location = [[बोरझार]], गुवाहाटी, [[असम]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1958|||df=yes|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 49 | elevation-f = 162 | coordinates = {{coord|26|06|22|N|091|35|09|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = [https://www.adani.com/lgbia-guwahati-airport लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल] | pushpin_map = India Assam#India | pushpin_label = '''GAU''' | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = ०२/२० | r1-length-m = 3,110 | r1-length-f = 10,200 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ६६,२२,७८४ ({{increase}} ७.५%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ४६,४१८ ({{increase}} ०.९%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ३२,९९० ({{increase}} २३.९९%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> | image = Guwahati Airport Logo.svg | image-width = 230px | image2 = Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport.jpg | image2-width = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = असममा विमानस्थलको स्थान | focus_city = <div> * [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]] * [[इन्डिगो]]</div> }} '''लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|GAU|VEGT}}, वा '''गुवाहाटी विमानस्थल''', [[असम]]को सबैभन्दा ठुलो सहर [[गुवाहाटी]] र राज्यको राजधानी [[दिसपुर]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो उत्तरपूर्वी भारतको प्राथमिक विमानस्थल हो। यो दिसपुरबाट {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} र गुवाहाटीबाट {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} टाढा [[बोरझार]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम भारतको स्वतन्त्रता पछि एक स्वतन्त्रता कार्यकर्ता र [[असमको मुख्यमन्त्री|असमका पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री]] [[गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा व्यवस्थित गरिएको छ र यसले [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को आधारको रूपमा पनि काम गर्दछ। ==इतिहास== सन् १९५८ मा स्थापना भएदेखि नै विमानस्थलले राज्यका साथै उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतमा सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास, वृद्धि, सम्पर्क र पर्यटनलाई सहज बनाउन धेरै विस्तार र नवीकरणहरू गरेको छ। सन् २०१७ मा यस विमानस्थलले ३७ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रुहरूलाई सम्हालेको थियो, जुन सन् २०१६ को तुलनामा ३६% ले वृद्धि हो। सन् २०१८-१९ मा विमानस्थलमा वार्षिक २३% भन्दा बढीको ट्राफिक देखिएको थियो, सोही अवधिमा कुल ५७ लाख यात्रु र ५५,०६६ विमान आवागमन भएको थियो। सन् २०२३ मा, विमानस्थलले यात्रु र विमान आवागमनको हिसाबले आफ्नो स्थापना भएदेखि नै उच्चतम क्षमतामा सञ्चालन गरेको थियो। सन् २०२३ डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म यसले ५६ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रु र ४६,६०० विमान आवागमन गरेको थियो, जसको अद्यावधिक तथ्याङ्क सन् २०२४ अप्रिलमा आउने थियो, जसले गर्दा प्रतिवर्ष लगभग ६० लाख यात्रुको उच्चतम क्षमतालाई छोएको थियो।<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|last=Kalita|first=Kangkan|title=New terminal of Guwahati airport to take off this year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/new-terminal-of-guwahati-airport-to-take-off-this-year/articleshow/106530401.cms|work=The Times of India|date=4 January 2024|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} bq4spxru125yqaw3mzghhh7wstwj0mn 1358315 1358313 2026-06-08T02:57:53Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल | nativename = <!-- Please do not add Assamese/any other Indian language here, per WP:NOINDICSCRIPT. --> | IATA = GAU | ICAO = VEGT | type = सार्वजनिक/सैन्य | owner = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | operator = [[अदानी समूह|गुवाहाटी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल लिमिटेड]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbonds.com/company/271983/|title=Guwahati International Airport|website=cbonds.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> | city-served = [[गुवाहाटी]], [[दिसपुर]] | location = [[बोरझार]], गुवाहाटी, [[असम]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1958|||df=yes|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 49 | elevation-f = 162 | coordinates = {{coord|26|06|22|N|091|35|09|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = [https://www.adani.com/lgbia-guwahati-airport लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल] | pushpin_map = India Assam#India | pushpin_label = '''GAU''' | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = ०२/२० | r1-length-m = 3,110 | r1-length-f = 10,200 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ६६,२२,७८४ ({{increase}} ७.५%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ४६,४१८ ({{increase}} ०.९%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ३२,९९० ({{increase}} २३.९९%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> | image = Guwahati Airport Logo.svg | image-width = 230px | image2 = Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport.jpg | image2-width = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = असममा विमानस्थलको स्थान | focus_city = <div> * [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]] * [[इन्डिगो]]</div> }} '''लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|GAU|VEGT}}, वा '''गुवाहाटी विमानस्थल''', [[असम]]को सबैभन्दा ठुलो सहर [[गुवाहाटी]] र राज्यको राजधानी [[दिसपुर]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो उत्तरपूर्वी भारतको प्राथमिक विमानस्थल हो। यो दिसपुरबाट {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} र गुवाहाटीबाट {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} टाढा [[बोरझार]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम भारतको स्वतन्त्रता पछि एक स्वतन्त्रता कार्यकर्ता र [[असमको मुख्यमन्त्री|असमका पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री]] [[गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा व्यवस्थित गरिएको छ र यसले [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को आधारको रूपमा पनि काम गर्दछ। ==इतिहास== सन् १९५८ मा स्थापना भएदेखि नै विमानस्थलले राज्यका साथै उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतमा सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास, वृद्धि, सम्पर्क र पर्यटनलाई सहज बनाउन धेरै विस्तार र नवीकरणहरू गरेको छ। सन् २०१७ मा यस विमानस्थलले ३७ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रुहरूलाई सम्हालेको थियो, जुन सन् २०१६ को तुलनामा ३६% ले वृद्धि हो। सन् २०१८-१९ मा विमानस्थलमा वार्षिक २३% भन्दा बढीको ट्राफिक देखिएको थियो, सोही अवधिमा कुल ५७ लाख यात्रु र ५५,०६६ विमान आवागमन भएको थियो। सन् २०२३ मा, विमानस्थलले यात्रु र विमान आवागमनको हिसाबले आफ्नो स्थापना भएदेखि नै उच्चतम क्षमतामा सञ्चालन गरेको थियो। सन् २०२३ डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म यसले ५६ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रु र ४६,६०० विमान आवागमन गरेको थियो, जसको अद्यावधिक तथ्याङ्क सन् २०२४ अप्रिलमा आउने थियो, जसले गर्दा प्रतिवर्ष लगभग ६० लाख यात्रुको उच्चतम क्षमतालाई छोएको थियो।<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|last=Kalita|first=Kangkan|title=New terminal of Guwahati airport to take off this year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/new-terminal-of-guwahati-airport-to-take-off-this-year/articleshow/106530401.cms|work=The Times of India|date=4 January 2024|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] k2i7uvijwbzngw2s0qyef2qswh0sift 1358316 1358315 2026-06-08T02:58:25Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:असमका विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल | nativename = <!-- Please do not add Assamese/any other Indian language here, per WP:NOINDICSCRIPT. --> | IATA = GAU | ICAO = VEGT | type = सार्वजनिक/सैन्य | owner = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | operator = [[अदानी समूह|गुवाहाटी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल लिमिटेड]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbonds.com/company/271983/|title=Guwahati International Airport|website=cbonds.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> | city-served = [[गुवाहाटी]], [[दिसपुर]] | location = [[बोरझार]], गुवाहाटी, [[असम]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1958|||df=yes|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 49 | elevation-f = 162 | coordinates = {{coord|26|06|22|N|091|35|09|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = [https://www.adani.com/lgbia-guwahati-airport लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल] | pushpin_map = India Assam#India | pushpin_label = '''GAU''' | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = ०२/२० | r1-length-m = 3,110 | r1-length-f = 10,200 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ६६,२२,७८४ ({{increase}} ७.५%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ४६,४१८ ({{increase}} ०.९%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ३२,९९० ({{increase}} २३.९९%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> | image = Guwahati Airport Logo.svg | image-width = 230px | image2 = Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport.jpg | image2-width = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = असममा विमानस्थलको स्थान | focus_city = <div> * [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]] * [[इन्डिगो]]</div> }} '''लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|GAU|VEGT}}, वा '''गुवाहाटी विमानस्थल''', [[असम]]को सबैभन्दा ठुलो सहर [[गुवाहाटी]] र राज्यको राजधानी [[दिसपुर]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो उत्तरपूर्वी भारतको प्राथमिक विमानस्थल हो। यो दिसपुरबाट {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} र गुवाहाटीबाट {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} टाढा [[बोरझार]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम भारतको स्वतन्त्रता पछि एक स्वतन्त्रता कार्यकर्ता र [[असमको मुख्यमन्त्री|असमका पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री]] [[गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा व्यवस्थित गरिएको छ र यसले [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को आधारको रूपमा पनि काम गर्दछ। ==इतिहास== सन् १९५८ मा स्थापना भएदेखि नै विमानस्थलले राज्यका साथै उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतमा सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास, वृद्धि, सम्पर्क र पर्यटनलाई सहज बनाउन धेरै विस्तार र नवीकरणहरू गरेको छ। सन् २०१७ मा यस विमानस्थलले ३७ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रुहरूलाई सम्हालेको थियो, जुन सन् २०१६ को तुलनामा ३६% ले वृद्धि हो। सन् २०१८-१९ मा विमानस्थलमा वार्षिक २३% भन्दा बढीको ट्राफिक देखिएको थियो, सोही अवधिमा कुल ५७ लाख यात्रु र ५५,०६६ विमान आवागमन भएको थियो। सन् २०२३ मा, विमानस्थलले यात्रु र विमान आवागमनको हिसाबले आफ्नो स्थापना भएदेखि नै उच्चतम क्षमतामा सञ्चालन गरेको थियो। सन् २०२३ डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म यसले ५६ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रु र ४६,६०० विमान आवागमन गरेको थियो, जसको अद्यावधिक तथ्याङ्क सन् २०२४ अप्रिलमा आउने थियो, जसले गर्दा प्रतिवर्ष लगभग ६० लाख यात्रुको उच्चतम क्षमतालाई छोएको थियो।<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|last=Kalita|first=Kangkan|title=New terminal of Guwahati airport to take off this year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/new-terminal-of-guwahati-airport-to-take-off-this-year/articleshow/106530401.cms|work=The Times of India|date=4 January 2024|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:असमका विमानस्थलहरू]] odq5vaomf96uxe7vchyncizfexcq74h 1358317 1358316 2026-06-08T02:58:53Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:सन् १९५८ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल | nativename = <!-- Please do not add Assamese/any other Indian language here, per WP:NOINDICSCRIPT. --> | IATA = GAU | ICAO = VEGT | type = सार्वजनिक/सैन्य | owner = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | operator = [[अदानी समूह|गुवाहाटी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल लिमिटेड]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbonds.com/company/271983/|title=Guwahati International Airport|website=cbonds.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> | city-served = [[गुवाहाटी]], [[दिसपुर]] | location = [[बोरझार]], गुवाहाटी, [[असम]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1958|||df=yes|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 49 | elevation-f = 162 | coordinates = {{coord|26|06|22|N|091|35|09|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = [https://www.adani.com/lgbia-guwahati-airport लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल] | pushpin_map = India Assam#India | pushpin_label = '''GAU''' | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = ०२/२० | r1-length-m = 3,110 | r1-length-f = 10,200 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ६६,२२,७८४ ({{increase}} ७.५%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ४६,४१८ ({{increase}} ०.९%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ३२,९९० ({{increase}} २३.९९%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> | image = Guwahati Airport Logo.svg | image-width = 230px | image2 = Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport.jpg | image2-width = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = असममा विमानस्थलको स्थान | focus_city = <div> * [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]] * [[इन्डिगो]]</div> }} '''लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|GAU|VEGT}}, वा '''गुवाहाटी विमानस्थल''', [[असम]]को सबैभन्दा ठुलो सहर [[गुवाहाटी]] र राज्यको राजधानी [[दिसपुर]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो उत्तरपूर्वी भारतको प्राथमिक विमानस्थल हो। यो दिसपुरबाट {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} र गुवाहाटीबाट {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} टाढा [[बोरझार]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम भारतको स्वतन्त्रता पछि एक स्वतन्त्रता कार्यकर्ता र [[असमको मुख्यमन्त्री|असमका पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री]] [[गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा व्यवस्थित गरिएको छ र यसले [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को आधारको रूपमा पनि काम गर्दछ। ==इतिहास== सन् १९५८ मा स्थापना भएदेखि नै विमानस्थलले राज्यका साथै उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतमा सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास, वृद्धि, सम्पर्क र पर्यटनलाई सहज बनाउन धेरै विस्तार र नवीकरणहरू गरेको छ। सन् २०१७ मा यस विमानस्थलले ३७ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रुहरूलाई सम्हालेको थियो, जुन सन् २०१६ को तुलनामा ३६% ले वृद्धि हो। सन् २०१८-१९ मा विमानस्थलमा वार्षिक २३% भन्दा बढीको ट्राफिक देखिएको थियो, सोही अवधिमा कुल ५७ लाख यात्रु र ५५,०६६ विमान आवागमन भएको थियो। सन् २०२३ मा, विमानस्थलले यात्रु र विमान आवागमनको हिसाबले आफ्नो स्थापना भएदेखि नै उच्चतम क्षमतामा सञ्चालन गरेको थियो। सन् २०२३ डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म यसले ५६ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रु र ४६,६०० विमान आवागमन गरेको थियो, जसको अद्यावधिक तथ्याङ्क सन् २०२४ अप्रिलमा आउने थियो, जसले गर्दा प्रतिवर्ष लगभग ६० लाख यात्रुको उच्चतम क्षमतालाई छोएको थियो।<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|last=Kalita|first=Kangkan|title=New terminal of Guwahati airport to take off this year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/new-terminal-of-guwahati-airport-to-take-off-this-year/articleshow/106530401.cms|work=The Times of India|date=4 January 2024|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:असमका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९५८ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] be2rqpik19kegztrrg73faljfoulspp 1358318 1358317 2026-06-08T02:59:07Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:अदानी समूह]] जोडियो 1358318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | name = लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल | nativename = <!-- Please do not add Assamese/any other Indian language here, per WP:NOINDICSCRIPT. --> | IATA = GAU | ICAO = VEGT | type = सार्वजनिक/सैन्य | owner = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | operator = [[अदानी समूह|गुवाहाटी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल लिमिटेड]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cbonds.com/company/271983/|title=Guwahati International Airport|website=cbonds.com|access-date=7 March 2023}}</ref> | city-served = [[गुवाहाटी]], [[दिसपुर]] | location = [[बोरझार]], गुवाहाटी, [[असम]], [[भारत]] | opened = {{start date and age|1958|||df=yes|p=n|br=n}} | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 49 | elevation-f = 162 | coordinates = {{coord|26|06|22|N|091|35|09|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | website = [https://www.adani.com/lgbia-guwahati-airport लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल] | pushpin_map = India Assam#India | pushpin_label = '''GAU''' | metric-rwy = yes | r1-number = ०२/२० | r1-length-m = 3,110 | r1-length-f = 10,200 | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | stat-year = सन् २०२५ अप्रिल – सन् २०२६ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = ६६,२२,७८४ ({{increase}} ७.५%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = ४६,४१८ ({{increase}} ०.९%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ३२,९९० ({{increase}} २३.९९%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=27 April 2025}}</ref> | image = Guwahati Airport Logo.svg | image-width = 230px | image2 = Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport.jpg | image2-width = 250 | pushpin_map_caption = असममा विमानस्थलको स्थान | focus_city = <div> * [[एलायन्स एअर (भारत)|एलायन्स एअर]] * [[इन्डिगो]]</div> }} '''लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' {{airport codes|GAU|VEGT}}, वा '''गुवाहाटी विमानस्थल''', [[असम]]को सबैभन्दा ठुलो सहर [[गुवाहाटी]] र राज्यको राजधानी [[दिसपुर]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो। यो उत्तरपूर्वी भारतको प्राथमिक विमानस्थल हो। यो दिसपुरबाट {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} र गुवाहाटीबाट {{convert|28|km|mi|abbr=on}} टाढा [[बोरझार]]मा अवस्थित छ। यसको नाम भारतको स्वतन्त्रता पछि एक स्वतन्त्रता कार्यकर्ता र [[असमको मुख्यमन्त्री|असमका पहिलो मुख्यमन्त्री]] [[गोपीनाथ बोरदोलोई]]को नाममा राखिएको छ। यो विमानस्थल [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]द्वारा व्यवस्थित गरिएको छ र यसले [[भारतीय वायुसेना]]को आधारको रूपमा पनि काम गर्दछ। ==इतिहास== सन् १९५८ मा स्थापना भएदेखि नै विमानस्थलले राज्यका साथै उत्तर-पूर्वी भारतमा सामाजिक-आर्थिक विकास, वृद्धि, सम्पर्क र पर्यटनलाई सहज बनाउन धेरै विस्तार र नवीकरणहरू गरेको छ। सन् २०१७ मा यस विमानस्थलले ३७ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रुहरूलाई सम्हालेको थियो, जुन सन् २०१६ को तुलनामा ३६% ले वृद्धि हो। सन् २०१८-१९ मा विमानस्थलमा वार्षिक २३% भन्दा बढीको ट्राफिक देखिएको थियो, सोही अवधिमा कुल ५७ लाख यात्रु र ५५,०६६ विमान आवागमन भएको थियो। सन् २०२३ मा, विमानस्थलले यात्रु र विमान आवागमनको हिसाबले आफ्नो स्थापना भएदेखि नै उच्चतम क्षमतामा सञ्चालन गरेको थियो। सन् २०२३ डिसेम्बर ३१ सम्म यसले ५६ लाखभन्दा बढी यात्रु र ४६,६०० विमान आवागमन गरेको थियो, जसको अद्यावधिक तथ्याङ्क सन् २०२४ अप्रिलमा आउने थियो, जसले गर्दा प्रतिवर्ष लगभग ६० लाख यात्रुको उच्चतम क्षमतालाई छोएको थियो।<ref name="TOI">{{cite news|last=Kalita|first=Kangkan|title=New terminal of Guwahati airport to take off this year|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/new-terminal-of-guwahati-airport-to-take-off-this-year/articleshow/106530401.cms|work=The Times of India|date=4 January 2024|access-date=2 February 2024}}</ref> ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:असमका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:सन् १९५८ मा स्थापित विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:अदानी समूह]] eyouts4el4dperpdf093a1a5exo9ahv 0 150454 1358314 2026-06-08T02:57:21Z Biplab Anand 13653 Biplab Anandद्वारा [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई विमानस्थल]] पृष्ठलाई [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]]मा सारियो: प्रचलित शीर्षक 1358314 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] av1ctpktaqqqqytd18k5anv3ae4wj1l 0 150455 1358319 2026-06-08T03:32:31Z Biplab Anand 13653 +वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल 1358319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | caption = | location = तुलिहाल, इम्फाल, [[मणिपुर]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 774 | coordinates = {{Coord|24|45|36|N|093|53|48|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IMF''' | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = Yes | name = वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Imphal airport.jpg | image-width = 300 | IATA = IMF | ICAO = VEIM | pushpin_map = India Manipur#India | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = [[मणिपुर सरकार]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | owner-oper = | city-served = [[इम्फाल]] | elevation-f = 2,540 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/imphal|इम्फाल विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = ०४/२२ | r1-length-m = 2,746 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,०६,२२७ ({{increase}} १०.३%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = १२,३८५ ({{decrease}} ३.७%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ६,१९९ ({{increase}} ३८.५%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref> | pushpin_map_caption = मणिपुरमा विमानस्थलको स्थान }} '''वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''{{efn|"वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल" [[मणिपुर]] राज्यको निङ्थौजा राजवंशका एक मैतै राजकुमार [[वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत]] ([[मणिपुरी भाषा|मैतै नाम]]: अथौबा कोइरेङ्सना) को नामबाट नामाकरण गरिएको हो।}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Renaming of Imphal Int'l Airport evokes reactions; orgs. demand revocation of resolution - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Eastern Mirror Nagaland |date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828161507/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bir Tikendrajit International Airport Opposition raised against new name |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Sangai Express |date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828163302/https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{airport codes|IMF|VEIM}}, जसलाई '''इम्फाल विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ,{{efn|'''इम्फाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' सबैभन्दा सामान्य नाम हो तर विमानस्थलको आधिकारिक नाम होइन्। यसलाई त्यसो भनिनुको कारण यो [[मणिपुर]]को [[इम्फाल]] सहरमा अवस्थित छ।}} र पहिले '''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को रूपमा पनि चिनिन्थ्यो,{{efn|'''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को नाम 'एबुधौ तुलिहाल'को नाउँबाट राखिएको हो, जुन विमानस्थल अवस्थित क्षेत्रका एक मैतै संरक्षक देवता हुन्।}} [[भारत]]को [[मणिपुर]]को राजधानी [[इम्फाल]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो, जुन सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} दक्षिणमा अवस्थित छ। यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] र [[अगरतला]]को [[महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल]]पछि [[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत]]को दोस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र तेस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो विमानस्थलले [[दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को समयमा सबै मौसममा काम गर्ने शाही वायु सेनाको आधारको रूपमा काम गरेको थियो। यसले सन् १९५९ मा [[कोइरेङ्गेई विमान अड्डा]]बाट नागरिक सञ्चालनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |author=Retd Lt Col M Ranjit Singh |url= https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Koirengei_Airfield_From_airfield_to_a_historical_site_or_a_parking_space_By_M_Ranjit |title= Koirengei Airfield: From airfield to a historical site or a parking space? |website=e-pao.net |access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref> ==विकास== सन् २०१९ जुन महिनामा, [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]ले उत्तरपूर्वी क्षेत्रका विभिन्न विमानस्थलहरूको स्तरोन्नतिको लागि {{INRConvert|3400|c}} परियोजनाहरू कार्यान्वयन गरेको थियो। इम्फाल विमानस्थलको थप स्तरोन्नति गर्न {{INRConvert|720|c}} खर्च गरिने लक्ष्य राखिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/agartala-airport-to-be-3rd-international-airport-in-northeast/articleshow/69836963.cms|title=Agartala airport to be 3rd international airport in northeast|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=20 June 2019|date=18 June 2019}}</ref> यस परियोजनामा ​​{{INRConvert|600|c}}को एकीकृत टर्मिनल भवन र नयाँ विमान पार्किङ वे (विमानस्थलमा रहेका क्षेत्रहरू जहाँ विमान पार्क गर्न, अनलोड गर्न, लोड गर्न, इन्धन भर्न, बोर्ड गर्न वा मर्मत गर्न सकिन्छ) र ट्याक्सी वेहरू जोड्ने, नयाँ हवाई ट्राफिक नियन्त्रण टावर र नियन्त्रण र प्राविधिक ब्लक जस्ता एयरसाइड पूर्वाधार समावेश छन्।<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|title=Kitco to set up new terminal building at Imphal airport|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 November 2019|date=19 March 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221083702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{commons-inline|Bir Tikendrajit International Airport|वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल}} * [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]मा [https://web.archive.org/web/20121009062805/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/imphal_gen.jsp इम्फाल विमानस्थल] huyt5yosa99zruqggcdibrid73k7986 1358320 1358319 2026-06-08T03:33:17Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | caption = | location = तुलिहाल, इम्फाल, [[मणिपुर]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 774 | coordinates = {{Coord|24|45|36|N|093|53|48|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IMF''' | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = Yes | name = वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Imphal airport.jpg | image-width = 300 | IATA = IMF | ICAO = VEIM | pushpin_map = India Manipur#India | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = [[मणिपुर सरकार]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | owner-oper = | city-served = [[इम्फाल]] | elevation-f = 2,540 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/imphal|इम्फाल विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = ०४/२२ | r1-length-m = 2,746 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,०६,२२७ ({{increase}} १०.३%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = १२,३८५ ({{decrease}} ३.७%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ६,१९९ ({{increase}} ३८.५%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref> | pushpin_map_caption = मणिपुरमा विमानस्थलको स्थान }} '''वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''{{efn|"वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल" [[मणिपुर]] राज्यको निङ्थौजा राजवंशका एक मैतै राजकुमार [[वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत]] ([[मणिपुरी भाषा|मैतै नाम]]: अथौबा कोइरेङ्सना) को नामबाट नामाकरण गरिएको हो।}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Renaming of Imphal Int'l Airport evokes reactions; orgs. demand revocation of resolution - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Eastern Mirror Nagaland |date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828161507/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bir Tikendrajit International Airport Opposition raised against new name |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Sangai Express |date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828163302/https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{airport codes|IMF|VEIM}}, जसलाई '''इम्फाल विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ,{{efn|'''इम्फाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' सबैभन्दा सामान्य नाम हो तर विमानस्थलको आधिकारिक नाम होइन्। यसलाई त्यसो भनिनुको कारण यो [[मणिपुर]]को [[इम्फाल]] सहरमा अवस्थित छ।}} र पहिले '''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को रूपमा पनि चिनिन्थ्यो,{{efn|'''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को नाम 'एबुधौ तुलिहाल'को नाउँबाट राखिएको हो, जुन विमानस्थल अवस्थित क्षेत्रका एक मैतै संरक्षक देवता हुन्।}} [[भारत]]को [[मणिपुर]]को राजधानी [[इम्फाल]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो, जुन सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} दक्षिणमा अवस्थित छ। यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] र [[अगरतला]]को [[महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल]]पछि [[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत]]को दोस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र तेस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो विमानस्थलले [[दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को समयमा सबै मौसममा काम गर्ने शाही वायु सेनाको आधारको रूपमा काम गरेको थियो। यसले सन् १९५९ मा [[कोइरेङ्गेई विमान अड्डा]]बाट नागरिक सञ्चालनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |author=Retd Lt Col M Ranjit Singh |url= https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Koirengei_Airfield_From_airfield_to_a_historical_site_or_a_parking_space_By_M_Ranjit |title= Koirengei Airfield: From airfield to a historical site or a parking space? |website=e-pao.net |access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref> ==विकास== सन् २०१९ जुन महिनामा, [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]ले उत्तरपूर्वी क्षेत्रका विभिन्न विमानस्थलहरूको स्तरोन्नतिको लागि {{INRConvert|3400|c}} परियोजनाहरू कार्यान्वयन गरेको थियो। इम्फाल विमानस्थलको थप स्तरोन्नति गर्न {{INRConvert|720|c}} खर्च गरिने लक्ष्य राखिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/agartala-airport-to-be-3rd-international-airport-in-northeast/articleshow/69836963.cms|title=Agartala airport to be 3rd international airport in northeast|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=20 June 2019|date=18 June 2019}}</ref> यस परियोजनामा ​​{{INRConvert|600|c}}को एकीकृत टर्मिनल भवन र नयाँ विमान पार्किङ वे (विमानस्थलमा रहेका क्षेत्रहरू जहाँ विमान पार्क गर्न, अनलोड गर्न, लोड गर्न, इन्धन भर्न, बोर्ड गर्न वा मर्मत गर्न सकिन्छ) र ट्याक्सी वेहरू जोड्ने, नयाँ हवाई ट्राफिक नियन्त्रण टावर र नियन्त्रण र प्राविधिक ब्लक जस्ता एयरसाइड पूर्वाधार समावेश छन्।<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|title=Kitco to set up new terminal building at Imphal airport|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 November 2019|date=19 March 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221083702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{commons-inline|Bir Tikendrajit International Airport|वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल}} * [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]मा [https://web.archive.org/web/20121009062805/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/imphal_gen.jsp इम्फाल विमानस्थल] [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] e670q41aszv6cavdc4nsdtlro3f4nth 1358321 1358320 2026-06-08T03:33:34Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:मणिपुरका विमानस्थलहरू]] जोडियो 1358321 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | caption = | location = तुलिहाल, इम्फाल, [[मणिपुर]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 774 | coordinates = {{Coord|24|45|36|N|093|53|48|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IMF''' | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = Yes | name = वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Imphal airport.jpg | image-width = 300 | IATA = IMF | ICAO = VEIM | pushpin_map = India Manipur#India | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = [[मणिपुर सरकार]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | owner-oper = | city-served = [[इम्फाल]] | elevation-f = 2,540 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/imphal|इम्फाल विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = ०४/२२ | r1-length-m = 2,746 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,०६,२२७ ({{increase}} १०.३%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = १२,३८५ ({{decrease}} ३.७%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ६,१९९ ({{increase}} ३८.५%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref> | pushpin_map_caption = मणिपुरमा विमानस्थलको स्थान }} '''वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''{{efn|"वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल" [[मणिपुर]] राज्यको निङ्थौजा राजवंशका एक मैतै राजकुमार [[वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत]] ([[मणिपुरी भाषा|मैतै नाम]]: अथौबा कोइरेङ्सना) को नामबाट नामाकरण गरिएको हो।}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Renaming of Imphal Int'l Airport evokes reactions; orgs. demand revocation of resolution - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Eastern Mirror Nagaland |date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828161507/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bir Tikendrajit International Airport Opposition raised against new name |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Sangai Express |date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828163302/https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{airport codes|IMF|VEIM}}, जसलाई '''इम्फाल विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ,{{efn|'''इम्फाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' सबैभन्दा सामान्य नाम हो तर विमानस्थलको आधिकारिक नाम होइन्। यसलाई त्यसो भनिनुको कारण यो [[मणिपुर]]को [[इम्फाल]] सहरमा अवस्थित छ।}} र पहिले '''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को रूपमा पनि चिनिन्थ्यो,{{efn|'''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को नाम 'एबुधौ तुलिहाल'को नाउँबाट राखिएको हो, जुन विमानस्थल अवस्थित क्षेत्रका एक मैतै संरक्षक देवता हुन्।}} [[भारत]]को [[मणिपुर]]को राजधानी [[इम्फाल]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो, जुन सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} दक्षिणमा अवस्थित छ। यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] र [[अगरतला]]को [[महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल]]पछि [[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत]]को दोस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र तेस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो विमानस्थलले [[दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को समयमा सबै मौसममा काम गर्ने शाही वायु सेनाको आधारको रूपमा काम गरेको थियो। यसले सन् १९५९ मा [[कोइरेङ्गेई विमान अड्डा]]बाट नागरिक सञ्चालनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |author=Retd Lt Col M Ranjit Singh |url= https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Koirengei_Airfield_From_airfield_to_a_historical_site_or_a_parking_space_By_M_Ranjit |title= Koirengei Airfield: From airfield to a historical site or a parking space? |website=e-pao.net |access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref> ==विकास== सन् २०१९ जुन महिनामा, [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]ले उत्तरपूर्वी क्षेत्रका विभिन्न विमानस्थलहरूको स्तरोन्नतिको लागि {{INRConvert|3400|c}} परियोजनाहरू कार्यान्वयन गरेको थियो। इम्फाल विमानस्थलको थप स्तरोन्नति गर्न {{INRConvert|720|c}} खर्च गरिने लक्ष्य राखिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/agartala-airport-to-be-3rd-international-airport-in-northeast/articleshow/69836963.cms|title=Agartala airport to be 3rd international airport in northeast|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=20 June 2019|date=18 June 2019}}</ref> यस परियोजनामा ​​{{INRConvert|600|c}}को एकीकृत टर्मिनल भवन र नयाँ विमान पार्किङ वे (विमानस्थलमा रहेका क्षेत्रहरू जहाँ विमान पार्क गर्न, अनलोड गर्न, लोड गर्न, इन्धन भर्न, बोर्ड गर्न वा मर्मत गर्न सकिन्छ) र ट्याक्सी वेहरू जोड्ने, नयाँ हवाई ट्राफिक नियन्त्रण टावर र नियन्त्रण र प्राविधिक ब्लक जस्ता एयरसाइड पूर्वाधार समावेश छन्।<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|title=Kitco to set up new terminal building at Imphal airport|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 November 2019|date=19 March 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221083702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{commons-inline|Bir Tikendrajit International Airport|वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल}} * [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]मा [https://web.archive.org/web/20121009062805/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/imphal_gen.jsp इम्फाल विमानस्थल] [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मणिपुरका विमानस्थलहरू]] m27w9qxiv8ci56sb16tax84izs5fsib 1358322 1358321 2026-06-08T03:33:56Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] जोडियो 1358322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | caption = | location = तुलिहाल, इम्फाल, [[मणिपुर]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 774 | coordinates = {{Coord|24|45|36|N|093|53|48|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IMF''' | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = Yes | name = वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Imphal airport.jpg | image-width = 300 | IATA = IMF | ICAO = VEIM | pushpin_map = India Manipur#India | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = [[मणिपुर सरकार]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | owner-oper = | city-served = [[इम्फाल]] | elevation-f = 2,540 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/imphal|इम्फाल विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = ०४/२२ | r1-length-m = 2,746 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,०६,२२७ ({{increase}} १०.३%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = १२,३८५ ({{decrease}} ३.७%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ६,१९९ ({{increase}} ३८.५%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref> | pushpin_map_caption = मणिपुरमा विमानस्थलको स्थान }} '''वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''{{efn|"वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल" [[मणिपुर]] राज्यको निङ्थौजा राजवंशका एक मैतै राजकुमार [[वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत]] ([[मणिपुरी भाषा|मैतै नाम]]: अथौबा कोइरेङ्सना) को नामबाट नामाकरण गरिएको हो।}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Renaming of Imphal Int'l Airport evokes reactions; orgs. demand revocation of resolution - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Eastern Mirror Nagaland |date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828161507/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bir Tikendrajit International Airport Opposition raised against new name |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Sangai Express |date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828163302/https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{airport codes|IMF|VEIM}}, जसलाई '''इम्फाल विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ,{{efn|'''इम्फाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' सबैभन्दा सामान्य नाम हो तर विमानस्थलको आधिकारिक नाम होइन्। यसलाई त्यसो भनिनुको कारण यो [[मणिपुर]]को [[इम्फाल]] सहरमा अवस्थित छ।}} र पहिले '''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को रूपमा पनि चिनिन्थ्यो,{{efn|'''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को नाम 'एबुधौ तुलिहाल'को नाउँबाट राखिएको हो, जुन विमानस्थल अवस्थित क्षेत्रका एक मैतै संरक्षक देवता हुन्।}} [[भारत]]को [[मणिपुर]]को राजधानी [[इम्फाल]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो, जुन सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} दक्षिणमा अवस्थित छ। यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] र [[अगरतला]]को [[महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल]]पछि [[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत]]को दोस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र तेस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो विमानस्थलले [[दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को समयमा सबै मौसममा काम गर्ने शाही वायु सेनाको आधारको रूपमा काम गरेको थियो। यसले सन् १९५९ मा [[कोइरेङ्गेई विमान अड्डा]]बाट नागरिक सञ्चालनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |author=Retd Lt Col M Ranjit Singh |url= https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Koirengei_Airfield_From_airfield_to_a_historical_site_or_a_parking_space_By_M_Ranjit |title= Koirengei Airfield: From airfield to a historical site or a parking space? |website=e-pao.net |access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref> ==विकास== सन् २०१९ जुन महिनामा, [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]ले उत्तरपूर्वी क्षेत्रका विभिन्न विमानस्थलहरूको स्तरोन्नतिको लागि {{INRConvert|3400|c}} परियोजनाहरू कार्यान्वयन गरेको थियो। इम्फाल विमानस्थलको थप स्तरोन्नति गर्न {{INRConvert|720|c}} खर्च गरिने लक्ष्य राखिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/agartala-airport-to-be-3rd-international-airport-in-northeast/articleshow/69836963.cms|title=Agartala airport to be 3rd international airport in northeast|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=20 June 2019|date=18 June 2019}}</ref> यस परियोजनामा ​​{{INRConvert|600|c}}को एकीकृत टर्मिनल भवन र नयाँ विमान पार्किङ वे (विमानस्थलमा रहेका क्षेत्रहरू जहाँ विमान पार्क गर्न, अनलोड गर्न, लोड गर्न, इन्धन भर्न, बोर्ड गर्न वा मर्मत गर्न सकिन्छ) र ट्याक्सी वेहरू जोड्ने, नयाँ हवाई ट्राफिक नियन्त्रण टावर र नियन्त्रण र प्राविधिक ब्लक जस्ता एयरसाइड पूर्वाधार समावेश छन्।<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|title=Kitco to set up new terminal building at Imphal airport|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 November 2019|date=19 March 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221083702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{commons-inline|Bir Tikendrajit International Airport|वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल}} * [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]मा [https://web.archive.org/web/20121009062805/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/imphal_gen.jsp इम्फाल विमानस्थल] [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मणिपुरका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] qeudhrqqe8ewjqmg2329yyllgyguret 1358323 1358322 2026-06-08T03:34:25Z Biplab Anand 13653 सुधार गरियो 1358323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox airport | nativename-a = | nativename-r = | caption = | location = तुलिहाल, इम्फाल, [[मणिपुर]], [[भारत]] | metric-elev = yes | elevation-m = 774 | coordinates = {{Coord|24|45|36|N|093|53|48|E|type:airport|display=inline,title}} | pushpin_label = '''IMF''' | r1-surface = [[कालोपत्र]] | metric-rwy = Yes | name = वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल | image = Imphal airport.jpg | image-width = 300 | IATA = IMF | ICAO = VEIM | pushpin_map = India Manipur#India | type = सार्वजनिक | owner = [[मणिपुर सरकार]] | operator = [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] | owner-oper = | city-served = [[इम्फाल]] | elevation-f = 2,540 | website = {{URL|https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/imphal|इम्फाल विमानस्थल}} | r1-number = ०४/२२ | r1-length-m = 2,746 | stat-year = सन् २०२४ अप्रिल - सन् २०२५ मार्च | stat1-header = यात्रुहरू | stat1-data = १४,०६,२२७ ({{increase}} १०.३%) | stat2-header = विमान आवागमन | stat2-data = १२,३८५ ({{decrease}} ३.७%) | stat3-header = माल ढुवानी (टनमा) | stat3-data = ६,१९९ ({{increase}} ३८.५%) | footnotes = स्रोत: [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण|भाविप्रा]]<ref name="AAI3">{{cite web|title=Annexure III – Passenger Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex3.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure II – Aircraft Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex2.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Annexure IV – Freight Movement Data|url=https://www.aai.aero/sites/default/files/traffic-news/Mar2k25Annex4.pdf|website=aai.aero|access-date=26 April 2025}}</ref> | pushpin_map_caption = मणिपुरमा विमानस्थलको स्थान }} '''वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''{{efn|"वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल" [[मणिपुर]] राज्यको निङ्थौजा राजवंशका एक मैतै राजकुमार [[वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत]] ([[मणिपुरी भाषा|मैतै नाम]]: अथौबा कोइरेङ्सना) को नामबाट नामाकरण गरिएको हो।}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Renaming of Imphal Int'l Airport evokes reactions; orgs. demand revocation of resolution - Eastern Mirror |url=https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=Eastern Mirror Nagaland |date=30 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828161507/https://easternmirrornagaland.com/renaming-of-imphal-intl-airport-evokes-reactions-orgs-demand-revocation-of-resolution/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Bir Tikendrajit International Airport Opposition raised against new name |url=https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |access-date=29 August 2022 |work=The Sangai Express |date=29 August 2019 |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828163302/https://www.thesangaiexpress.com/Encyc/2019/8/29/By-Our-Staff-ReporterIMPHAL-Aug-28-Expressing-disappointment-at-the-renaming-of-Tulihal-International-Airport-as-Bir-Tikendrajit-International-Airport-the-Indigenous-People-s-Association-of-Kangl.amp.html |url-status=live }}</ref> {{airport codes|IMF|VEIM}}, जसलाई '''इम्फाल विमानस्थल''' पनि भनिन्छ,{{efn|'''इम्फाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल''' सबैभन्दा सामान्य नाम हो तर विमानस्थलको आधिकारिक नाम होइन्। यसलाई त्यसो भनिनुको कारण यो [[मणिपुर]]को [[इम्फाल]] सहरमा अवस्थित छ।}} र पहिले '''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को रूपमा पनि चिनिन्थ्यो,{{efn|'''तुलिहाल अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल'''को नाम 'एबुधौ तुलिहाल'को नाउँबाट राखिएको हो, जुन विमानस्थल अवस्थित क्षेत्रका एक मैतै संरक्षक देवता हुन्।}} [[भारत]]को [[मणिपुर]]को राजधानी [[इम्फाल]]मा सेवा गर्ने [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] हो, जुन सहरको केन्द्रबाट {{convert|7|km|mi|abbr=on}} दक्षिणमा अवस्थित छ। यो [[गुवाहाटी]]को [[लोकप्रिय गोपीनाथ बारदोलोई अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] र [[अगरतला]]को [[महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल]]पछि [[उत्तरपूर्वी भारत]]को दोस्रो सबैभन्दा ठूलो र तेस्रो सबैभन्दा व्यस्त विमानस्थल हो। यो विमानस्थलले [[दोस्रो विश्वयुद्ध]]को समयमा सबै मौसममा काम गर्ने शाही वायु सेनाको आधारको रूपमा काम गरेको थियो। यसले सन् १९५९ मा [[कोइरेङ्गेई विमान अड्डा]]बाट नागरिक सञ्चालनलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{Cite web |author=Retd Lt Col M Ranjit Singh |url= https://e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=news_section.opinions.Koirengei_Airfield_From_airfield_to_a_historical_site_or_a_parking_space_By_M_Ranjit |title= Koirengei Airfield: From airfield to a historical site or a parking space? |website=e-pao.net |access-date=2 September 2024}}</ref> ==विकास== सन् २०१९ जुन महिनामा, [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]ले उत्तरपूर्वी क्षेत्रका विभिन्न विमानस्थलहरूको स्तरोन्नतिको लागि {{INRConvert|3400|c}} परियोजनाहरू कार्यान्वयन गरेको थियो। इम्फाल विमानस्थलको थप स्तरोन्नति गर्न {{INRConvert|720|c}} खर्च गरिने लक्ष्य राखिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/airlines-/-aviation/agartala-airport-to-be-3rd-international-airport-in-northeast/articleshow/69836963.cms|title=Agartala airport to be 3rd international airport in northeast|newspaper=Economic Times|access-date=20 June 2019|date=18 June 2019}}</ref> यस परियोजनामा ​​{{INRConvert|600|c}}को एकीकृत टर्मिनल भवन र नयाँ विमान पार्किङ वे (विमानस्थलमा रहेका क्षेत्रहरू जहाँ विमान पार्क गर्न, अनलोड गर्न, लोड गर्न, इन्धन भर्न, बोर्ड गर्न वा मर्मत गर्न सकिन्छ) र ट्याक्सी वेहरू जोड्ने, नयाँ हवाई ट्राफिक नियन्त्रण टावर र नियन्त्रण र प्राविधिक ब्लक जस्ता एयरसाइड पूर्वाधार समावेश छन्।<ref name="TH1">{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|title=Kitco to set up new terminal building at Imphal airport|newspaper=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=11 November 2019|date=19 March 2019|archive-date=21 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221083702/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kitco-to-set-up-new-terminal-building-at-imphal-airport/article26580342.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> == टिप्पणीहरू == {{Notelist}} ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} ==बाह्य कडीहरू== {{commons-inline|Bir Tikendrajit International Airport|वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल}} * [[भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]]मा [https://web.archive.org/web/20121009062805/http://www.aai.aero/allAirports/imphal_gen.jsp इम्फाल विमानस्थल] {{भारतका विमानस्थलहरू}} [[श्रेणी:भारतका अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:मणिपुरका विमानस्थलहरू]] [[श्रेणी:भारतीय विमानस्थल प्राधिकरण]] i86vvc64d69kc6w8la3c0cvju6l07gy 0 150456 1358324 2026-06-08T03:35:49Z Biplab Anand 13653 +पुनर्निर्देशन 1358324 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect [[वीर टिकेन्द्रजीत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय विमानस्थल]] ra6joc8zgbe393ii08ifxormhbkzzf6 0 150458 1358329 2026-06-08T04:10:02Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 नयाँ लेख 1358329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = दाल मखनी | image = Punjabi style Dal Makhani.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = बाफिएको सेतो भातसँग परोसिएको दाल मखनी | alternate_name = उरद की दाल, माश की दाल, माँ की दाल | country = [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]] | region = [[पञ्जाब]] | associated_cuisine = [[भारतीय भोजन|भारतीय]], [[पाकिस्तानी भोजन|पाकिस्तानी]] | course = | served = | main_ingredient = [[उरद दाल]] (कालो मास) | variations = | calories = 350 | other = | similar_dish = [[बटर चिकेन]] <br /> [[पनीर मखनी]] }} '''''दाल मखनी''''' पञ्जाब क्षेत्रबाट उत्पत्ति भएको एक लोकप्रिय परिकार हो। यो परम्परागत दालजन्य परिकारहरूको अपेक्षाकृत आधुनिक रूप हो, जसलाई मुख्य रूपमा ''[[उरद दाल]]'' (कालो मास) तथा अन्य गेडागुडी प्रयोग गरेर तयार गरिन्छ। यसमा [[मक्खन]] र [[क्रिम]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जहाँ ''मखनी'' शब्दको अर्थ पञ्जाबी भाषामा "मक्खनयुक्त" भन्ने हुन्छ। == व्युत्पत्ति == ''दाल'' शब्दले गेडागुडी वा दाललाई जनाउँछ। ''मखन'' पञ्जाबी भाषाको मक्खनका लागि प्रयोग हुने शब्द हो। ''मखनी'' को अर्थ "मक्खनयुक्त" वा "मक्खनले भरिपूर्ण" भन्ने हुन्छ। == इतिहास == [[कुन्दन लाल जग्गी]] र [[कुन्दन लाल गुजराल]] दुवै [[पेशावर]]बाट आएका [[पञ्जाबी हिन्दू]] आप्रवासी थिए। उनीहरूले भारत विभाजनपछि [[पुरानो दिल्ली]]को [[दरियागञ्ज]] क्षेत्रमा रहेको [[मोती महल (रेस्टुरेन्ट)|मोती महल]] रेस्टुरेन्टमा सन् १९५० को प्रारम्भिक दशकमा प्रसिद्ध [[बटर चिकेन]]को आविष्कार गरेका थिए। बटर चिकेनसँग उपयुक्त हुने कुनै [[शाकाहारी]] परिकार विकास गर्ने क्रममा उनीहरूले दाल मखनीको सिर्जना गरे। भनिन्छ, मोती महलका एक नियमित ग्राहकले परम्परागत परिकारहरूमा प्रयोग हुने ''उरद दाल''बाट नयाँ र आकर्षक व्यञ्जन बनाउन सुझाव दिएपछि दाल मखनीको विकास भएको थियो। == तयारी == दाल मखनी परम्परागत रूपमा तयार गर्दा सर्वप्रथम [[उरद दाल]] र [[राजमा]]लाई रातभर पानीमा भिजाइन्छ। त्यसपछि भिजाइएका दाल र गेडागुडीलाई नरम नहुन्जेल उमालिन्छ वा प्रेसर कुकरमा पकाइन्छ। अर्कोतर्फ, [[तड्का]] तयार गर्न भाँडोमा [[घ्यु]] तताइन्छ र त्यसमा प्याज, [[तेजपात]] तथा वैकल्पिक रूपमा सानो इलाइची हालिन्छ। प्याज सुनौलो रंगको भएपछि अदुवा–लसुनको पेस्ट थपेर काँचो गन्ध हराएसम्म पकाइन्छ। त्यसपछि टमाटरको प्युरी, कश्मीरी खुर्सानीको धुलो तथा [[गरम मसला]] मिसाइन्छ र तेल छुट्टिन थालेसम्म पकाइन्छ। पछि उमालेको दाल र राजमालाई मसालासँग मिसाएर मध्यम वा कम आँचमा लामो समयसम्म पकाइन्छ। यस क्रममा केही दाललाई मिचेर परिकारलाई अझ क्रिमी बनाइन्छ। अन्त्यतिर [[कसुरी मेथी]] (सुकाइएको मेथीको पात) र मक्खन थपिन्छ तथा मिश्रण बाक्लो र क्रिमी नहुन्जेल पकाइन्छ। दाल मखनीलाई सामान्यतया थोरै क्रिम वा दही तथा काटिएको हरियो धनियाँले सजाइन्छ। यो प्रायः [[जिरा राइस]] (जिरा मिसाइएको भात) वा [[नान]]सँग परोसिन्छ। == सन्दर्भ == {{Reflist}} {{cookbook|Dal Makhani}} 4fltgz57pk9j3n6hfsi8ce7lci1gq05 1358372 1358329 2026-06-08T07:49:27Z Nirjal stha 14613 सुधार 1358372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = दाल मखनी | image = Punjabi style Dal Makhani.jpg | image_size = 300px | caption = बाफिएको सेतो भातसँग परोसिएको दाल मखनी | alternate_name = उरद की दाल, माश की दाल, माँ की दाल | country = [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]] | region = [[पञ्जाब]] | associated_cuisine = [[भारतीय भोजन|भारतीय]], [[पाकिस्तानी भोजन|पाकिस्तानी]] | course = | served = | main_ingredient = [[उरद दाल]] (कालो मास) | variations = | calories = 350 | other = | similar_dish = [[बटर चिकेन]] <br /> [[पनीर मखनी]] }} '''''दाल मखनी''''' पञ्जाब क्षेत्रबाट उत्पत्ति भएको एक लोकप्रिय परिकार हो। यो परम्परागत दालजन्य परिकारहरूको अपेक्षाकृत आधुनिक रूप हो, जसलाई मुख्य रूपमा कालो मास तथा अन्य गेडागुडी प्रयोग गरेर तयार गरिन्छ। यसमा [[मक्खन]] र [[क्रिम]]को प्रयोग गरिन्छ, जहाँ ''मखानी'' शब्दको अर्थ पञ्जाबी भाषामा "मक्खनयुक्त" भन्ने हुन्छ। == व्युत्पत्ति == ''दाल'' शब्दले गेडागुडी वा दाललाई जनाउँछ। ''मखन'' पञ्जाबी भाषाको मक्खनका लागि प्रयोग हुने शब्द हो। ''मखानी'' को अर्थ "मक्खनयुक्त" वा "मक्खनले भरिपूर्ण" भन्ने हुन्छ। == इतिहास == [[कुन्दन लाल जग्गी]] र [[कुन्दन लाल गुजराल]] दुवै [[पेशावर]]बाट आएका [[पञ्जाबी हिन्दू]] आप्रवासी थिए। उनीहरूले भारत विभाजनपछि [[पुरानो दिल्ली]]को [[दरियागञ्ज]] क्षेत्रमा रहेको [[मोती महल (रेस्टुरेन्ट)|मोती महल]] रेस्टुरेन्टमा सन् १९५० को प्रारम्भिक दशकमा प्रसिद्ध [[बटर चिकेन]]को आविष्कार गरेका थिए। बटर चिकेनसँग उपयुक्त हुने कुनै [[शाकाहारी]] परिकार विकास गर्ने क्रममा उनीहरूले दाल मखनीको सिर्जना गरे। भनिन्छ, मोती महलका एक नियमित ग्राहकले परम्परागत परिकारहरूमा प्रयोग हुने ''उरद दाल''बाट नयाँ र आकर्षक व्यञ्जन बनाउन सुझाव दिएपछि दाल मखनीको विकास भएको थियो। == तयारी == दाल मखनी परम्परागत रूपमा तयार गर्दा सर्वप्रथम [[उरद दाल]] र [[राजमा]]लाई रातभर पानीमा भिजाइन्छ। त्यसपछि भिजाइएका दाल र गेडागुडीलाई नरम नहुन्जेल उमालिन्छ वा प्रेसर कुकरमा पकाइन्छ। अर्कोतर्फ, [[तड्का]] तयार गर्न भाँडोमा [[घ्यु]] तताइन्छ र त्यसमा प्याज, [[तेजपात]] तथा वैकल्पिक रूपमा सानो इलाइची हालिन्छ। प्याज सुनौलो रंगको भएपछि अदुवा–लसुनको पेस्ट थपेर काँचो गन्ध हराएसम्म पकाइन्छ। त्यसपछि टमाटरको प्युरी, कश्मीरी खुर्सानीको धुलो तथा [[गरम मसला]] मिसाइन्छ र तेल छुट्टिन थालेसम्म पकाइन्छ। पछि उमालेको दाल र राजमालाई मसालासँग मिसाएर मध्यम वा कम आँचमा लामो समयसम्म पकाइन्छ। यस क्रममा केही दाललाई मिचेर परिकारलाई अझ क्रिमी बनाइन्छ। अन्त्यतिर [[कसुरी मेथी]] (सुकाइएको मेथीको पात) र मक्खन थपिन्छ तथा मिश्रण बाक्लो र क्रिमी नहुन्जेल पकाइन्छ। दाल मखनीलाई सामान्यतया थोरै क्रिम वा दही तथा काटिएको हरियो धनियाँले सजाइन्छ। यो प्रायः [[जिरा राइस]] (जिरा मिसाइएको भात) वा [[नान]]सँग परोसिन्छ। == सन्दर्भ == {{Reflist}} {{cookbook|Dal Makhani}} bf6x5tssk5iv4d2vnklu7xjyspyw997 0 150459 1358331 2026-06-08T04:27:04Z Ramesh Deuba 37151 नयाँ लेख 1358331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = पुष्पेश पन्त | image = Pushpesh Pant Indian historian and food critic.jpg | caption = १६ डिसेम्बर २०१६ मा [[गुजरात साहित्य महोत्सव]], [[अहमदाबाद]]मा | birth_date = १९४६ | birth_place = [[मुक्तेश्वर]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]] | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | known_for = ''India: The Cookbook'' (२०११) <small>(पुस्तक)</small><br> ''[[Raja, Rasoi Aur Anya Kahaniyaan]]'' (२०१४) <small>(टेलिभिजन शृङ्खला)</small> | occupation = शिक्षाविद्, [[खाद्य समालोचक]], [[खाद्य इतिहासकार]], अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध विशेषज्ञ | awards = * [[पद्मश्री]] (२०१६) | signature = Pushpesh Pant Autograph.svg }} '''पुष्पेश पन्त''' (जन्म १९४६) एक भारतीय शिक्षाविद्, [[खाद्य समालोचक]] तथा [[खाद्य इतिहासकार]] हुन्।<ref>{{cite web|author=FP Staff|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/textbooks-and-cartoons-thorat-committee-reiterates-what-govt-wants-365055.html|title=Textbooks and cartoons: 'Thorat committee reiterates what govt wants'|publisher=Firstpost}}</ref> उनी [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू विश्वविद्यालय, दिल्ली]]मा [[अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध]] विषयका प्राध्यापकका रूपमा कार्यरत रहे र त्यहाँबाट अवकाश प्राप्त गरेका हुन्।<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/Faculty/ppant/|title=Prof. Pushpesh K Pant|publisher=Jnu.ac.in}}</ref> पन्त भारतका अग्रणी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध विशेषज्ञहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छन्। साथै, उनी [[भारतीय भोजन]] सम्बन्धी अध्ययन र अनुसन्धानका लागि पनि परिचित छन्। स्तम्भकारका रूपमा उनले ''[[Forbes]]'', ''[[OPEN (Indian magazine)|Open]]'', ''[[Outlook (Indian magazine)|Outlook]]'', ''[[The Times of India]]'' तथा ''[[The Tribune (Chandigarh)|The Tribune]]'' लगायतका प्रतिष्ठित प्रकाशनहरूमा लेख प्रकाशित गरेका छन्। उनको पुस्तक ''India: The Cookbook'' (२०११) लाई ''[[The New York Times]]'' ले उक्त वर्षका उत्कृष्ट पाककला पुस्तकहरूमध्ये एकका रूपमा चयन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=The Year's Best Cookbooks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/dining/08books.html?pagewanted=all|work=The New York Times|date=7 December 2010}}</ref> पन्त भारतीय टेलिभिजन शृङ्खला ''[[Raja, Rasoi Aur Anya Kahaniyaan]]'' मा पनि प्रस्तुत भएका थिए, जुन [[भारतीय भोजन]] सम्बन्धी कार्यक्रम हो र [[Epic TV|द एपिक च्यानल]] मार्फत प्रसारण गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=A real taste of India|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/484709/a-real-taste-india.html|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=20 June 2015}}</ref> यस शृङ्खलाले भारतका शाही भान्साघरहरूको भित्री संसार, राजपरिवारसँग सम्बन्धित परिकारहरूको इतिहास, तिनको विकास तथा भारतीय इतिहासमा तिनको महत्त्वलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछ। उनी [[The Australian]] पत्रिकामा प्रकाशित एक अन्तर्वार्तामा पनि समावेश भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|title=Food guru serves up the spice of life|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/food-wine/food-guru-serves-up-the-spice-of-life/story-e6frg8jo-1226000452748|publisher=[[The Australian]]|date=5 February 2011}}</ref> भारत सरकारले सन् २०१६ मा उनलाई [[पद्मश्री]] सम्मान प्रदान गरेको थियो।<ref name="Padma Awards 2016">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=135783|title=Padma Awards 2016|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|date=2016}}</ref> == पुस्तकहरू == प्राध्यापक पन्तले यात्रा, पर्यटन, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध तथा खाद्य संस्कृतिसम्बन्धी एक दर्जनभन्दा बढी पुस्तकहरू प्रकाशित गरेका छन्।<ref name="autogenerated1"/> * ''India: The Cookbook'', {{ISBN|978-0714859026}} * ''Gourmet Journeys in India'' * ''Classic Cooking of Punjab'' (जिग्स कालरासँग सहलेखन), Allied Publishers, २००४, {{ISBN|81-7764-566-8}} * ''International Relations in 21st Century'' == सन्दर्भ == {{Reflist|2}} == बाह्य लिङ्क == * [[जवाहरलाल नेहरू विश्वविद्यालय, दिल्ली]] मा पुष्पेश पन्तको परिचय * अमित वर्माद्वारा सञ्चालित ''The Seen and The Unseen'' पोडकास्टमा पुष्पेश पन्तसँगको अन्तर्वार्ता – [https://seenunseen.in/episodes/2023/4/24/episode-326-pushpesh-pant-feasts-on-the-buffet-of-life/ Pushpesh Pant Feasts on the Buffet of Life]. ne2skk6xeqy3qab1tm8pok6y6kd63o1 1358373 1358331 2026-06-08T07:57:26Z Nirjal stha 14613 1358373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = पुष्पेश पन्त | image = Pushpesh Pant Indian historian and food critic.jpg | caption = १६ डिसेम्बर २०१६ मा [[गुजरात साहित्य महोत्सव]], [[अहमदाबाद]]मा | birth_date = १९४६ | birth_place = [[मुक्तेश्वर]], [[उत्तराखण्ड]] | death_date = | death_place = | other_names = | known_for = ''India: The Cookbook'' (२०११) <small>(पुस्तक)</small><br> ''[[Raja, Rasoi Aur Anya Kahaniyaan]]'' (२०१४) <small>(टेलिभिजन शृङ्खला)</small> | occupation = शिक्षाविद्, [[खाद्य समालोचक]], [[खाद्य इतिहासकार]], अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध विशेषज्ञ | awards = * [[पद्मश्री]] (२०१६) | signature = Pushpesh Pant Autograph.svg }} '''पुष्पेश पन्त''' (जन्म १९४६) एक भारतीय शिक्षाविद्, खाद्य समालोचक तथा खाद्य इतिहासकार हुन्।<ref>{{cite web|author=FP Staff|url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/textbooks-and-cartoons-thorat-committee-reiterates-what-govt-wants-365055.html|title=Textbooks and cartoons: 'Thorat committee reiterates what govt wants'|publisher=Firstpost}}</ref> उनी जवाहरलाल नेहरू विश्वविद्यालय, दिल्लीमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध विषयका प्राध्यापकका रूपमा कार्यरत रहे र त्यहाँबाट अवकाश प्राप्त गरेका हुन्।<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://www.jnu.ac.in/Faculty/ppant/|title=Prof. Pushpesh K Pant|publisher=Jnu.ac.in}}</ref> पन्त भारतका अग्रणी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध विशेषज्ञहरूमध्ये एक मानिन्छन्। साथै, उनी [[भारतीय भोजन]] सम्बन्धी अध्ययन र अनुसन्धानका लागि पनि परिचित छन्। स्तम्भकारका रूपमा उनले फोर्व्स, ओपन, आउटलुक, द टाइस अफ इन्डिया तथा द ट्रिव्युन लगायतका प्रतिष्ठित प्रकाशनहरूमा लेख प्रकाशित गरेका छन्। उनको पुस्तक ''इन्डिया: द कुकबुक'' (२०११) लाई ''द न्यूयोर्क टाइम्स''ले उक्त वर्षका उत्कृष्ट पाककला पुस्तकहरूमध्ये एकका रूपमा चयन गरेको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=The Year's Best Cookbooks|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/08/dining/08books.html?pagewanted=all|work=The New York Times|date=7 December 2010}}</ref> पन्त भारतीय टेलिभिजन शृङ्खला ''राजा, रसोइ और अन्या कहानिया'' मा पनि प्रस्तुत भएका थिए, जुन [[भारतीय भोजन]] सम्बन्धी कार्यक्रम हो र द एपिक च्यानल मार्फत प्रसारण गरिएको थियो।<ref>{{cite news|title=A real taste of India|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/content/484709/a-real-taste-india.html|publisher=[[Deccan Herald]]|date=20 June 2015}}</ref> यस शृङ्खलाले भारतका शाही भान्साघरहरूको भित्री संसार, राजपरिवारसँग सम्बन्धित परिकारहरूको इतिहास, तिनको विकास तथा भारतीय इतिहासमा तिनको महत्त्वलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछ। उनी '''द अस्ट्रेलिया''' पत्रिकामा प्रकाशित एक अन्तर्वार्तामा पनि समावेश भएका थिए।<ref>{{cite news|title=Food guru serves up the spice of life|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/life/food-wine/food-guru-serves-up-the-spice-of-life/story-e6frg8jo-1226000452748|publisher=[[The Australian]]|date=5 February 2011}}</ref> भारत सरकारले सन् २०१६ मा उनलाई [[पद्मश्री]] सम्मान प्रदान गरेको थियो।<ref name="Padma Awards 2016">{{cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=135783|title=Padma Awards 2016|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|date=2016}}</ref> == पुस्तकहरू == प्राध्यापक पन्तले यात्रा, पर्यटन, अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सम्बन्ध तथा खाद्य संस्कृतिसम्बन्धी एक दर्जनभन्दा बढी पुस्तकहरू प्रकाशित गरेका छन्।<ref name="autogenerated1"/> * ''इन्डिया: द कुकबुक'', {{ISBN|978-0714859026}} * ''Gourmet Journeys in India'' * ''Classic Cooking of Punjab'' (जिग्स कालरासँग सहलेखन), Allied Publishers, २००४, {{ISBN|81-7764-566-8}} * ''International Relations in 21st Century'' == सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू == {{Reflist|2}} == बाह्य लिङ्क == * जवाहरलाल नेहरू विश्वविद्यालय, दिल्ली मा पुष्पेश पन्तको परिचय * अमित वर्माद्वारा सञ्चालित ''The Seen and The Unseen'' पोडकास्टमा पुष्पेश पन्तसँगको अन्तर्वार्ता – [https://seenunseen.in/episodes/2023/4/24/episode-326-pushpesh-pant-feasts-on-the-buffet-of-life/ Pushpesh Pant Feasts on the Buffet of Life]. c1jgbeqvroe2hp3e0lkpx1cip9gz927 0 150460 1358334 2026-06-08T04:39:17Z Bishaldev100 28807 [[सोभियत संघको विघटन]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै 1358334 wikitext text/x-wiki #अनुप्रेषण [[सोभियत संघको विघटन]] g0c8csvqwi0mdhr3647ejnccmtqvzyk 828 150461 1358345 2026-06-08T05:22:39Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: return { name = 'चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका', top = 28.71, bottom = 28.26, left = 84.58, right = 85.22, image = 'चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका.png' } 1358345 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका', top = 28.71, bottom = 28.26, left = 84.58, right = 85.22, image = 'चुमनुव्री गाउँपालिका.png' } kgmbcr4exx3hy7r2y6njp0t69cmhjk4 828 150462 1358346 2026-06-08T05:24:06Z पर्वत सुवेदी 31224 नयाँ पृष्ठ: return { name = 'गोरखा जिल्ला', top = 28.78, bottom = 27.84, left = 84.45, right = 85.22, image = 'गोरखा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png' } 1358346 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'गोरखा जिल्ला', top = 28.78, bottom = 27.84, left = 84.45, right = 85.22, image = 'गोरखा जिल्लाका स्थानीय तहहरू (वडा विभाजन).png' } 829wytc8oofbehlhnsxkdh076epp45q 14 150463 1358358 2026-06-08T06:41:29Z Bishaldev100 28807 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{मुख्य|नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको वैदेशिक सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] 1358358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{मुख्य|नेपाल-म्यानमार सम्बन्ध}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालको वैदेशिक सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध|म्यानमार ]] 65eyqo3p2mu3iobrizhh0d65q6kgx9f 14 150464 1358362 2026-06-08T06:43:08Z Bishaldev100 28807 नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{श्रेणी मुख्य|नेपालमा शरणार्थी}} 1358362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{श्रेणी मुख्य|नेपालमा शरणार्थी}} 7vi5jr6sch5usqfylnfo9gystsohq8d 0 150465 1358391 2026-06-08T11:07:30Z Bishaldev100 28807 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349861776|Nepal Engineers Association]]"पृष्ठलाई अनुवाद गरि सृजना गरियो 1358391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन | full_name = | native_name = Nepal Engineers Association | native_name_lang = Nepali | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = Logo of NEA | image = | image_size = | caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | nickname = | pronounce ref = | pronounce comment = | named_after = | predecessor = | successor = | formation = 1962<!-- use {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | founder = | founding_location = | dissolved = <!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | merger = | type = Non-profit | tax_id = <!-- or | vat_id = (for European organizations) --> | registration_id = <!-- for non-profit org --> | status = | purpose = | professional_title = | headquarters = [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Pulchowk, Lalitpur]] | location_city = | coordinates = <!--{{coord|27.712434|N|85.330689|E|display=inline, title}}--> | origins = | region = | products = | services = | methods = | fields = | membership = | language = | owner = <!-- or | owners = --> | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | website = {{url|www.neanepal.org.np}} | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = | bodystyle = }} '''नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन''' नेपालका इन्जिनियरहरूको स्वतन्त्र गैरनाफामूलक संस्था हो। यसको [[मुख्यालय]] पुल्चोक, [[ललितपुर महानगरपालिका|ललितपुर]] अवस्थित छ। यो १९६२ मा स्थापित भएको थियो। नेपालको प्रत्येक प्रदेशमा यसको एक प्रादेशिक समिति छ। == सदस्यहरू == वर्ष २०२२: ३६,५०० भन्दा बढी सदस्यहरू <ref name="bahra2020">{{Cite web |title=नेपाल इन्जिनियर्स एसोसिएसन ५७ वर्षमा |url=https://baahrakhari.com/news-details/203291/2019-07-05 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=बाह्रखरी}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय केन्द्रहरू == * कतार <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantipur-कतारमा नेपाली इन्जिनियरहरू बढ्दै - कान्तिपुर समाचार |url=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2014-09-11/207864.html |access-date=2020-07-29}}</ref> * अष्ट्रेलिया * थाइल्यान्ड * युनाइटेड किङ्गडम * जापान * [https://neanepal.org.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] * नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद् {{Reflist}} lxya1x05sc4znunhiyc0kk4zrev0idq 1358392 1358391 2026-06-08T11:07:59Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन | full_name = | native_name = Nepal Engineers Association | native_name_lang = Nepali | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = Logo of NEA | image = | image_size = | caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | nickname = | pronounce ref = | pronounce comment = | named_after = | predecessor = | successor = | formation = 1962<!-- use {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | founder = | founding_location = | dissolved = <!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | merger = | type = Non-profit | tax_id = <!-- or | vat_id = (for European organizations) --> | registration_id = <!-- for non-profit org --> | status = | purpose = | professional_title = | headquarters = [[Lalitpur, Nepal|Pulchowk, Lalitpur]] | location_city = | coordinates = <!--{{coord|27.712434|N|85.330689|E|display=inline, title}}--> | origins = | region = | products = | services = | methods = | fields = | membership = | language = | owner = <!-- or | owners = --> | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | website = {{url|www.neanepal.org.np}} | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = | bodystyle = }} '''नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन''' नेपालका इन्जिनियरहरूको स्वतन्त्र गैरनाफामूलक संस्था हो। यसको [[मुख्यालय]] पुल्चोक, [[ललितपुर महानगरपालिका|ललितपुर]] अवस्थित छ। यो १९६२ मा स्थापित भएको थियो। नेपालको प्रत्येक प्रदेशमा यसको एक प्रादेशिक समिति छ। == सदस्यहरू == वर्ष २०२२: ३६,५०० भन्दा बढी सदस्यहरू <ref name="bahra2020">{{Cite web |title=नेपाल इन्जिनियर्स एसोसिएसन ५७ वर्षमा |url=https://baahrakhari.com/news-details/203291/2019-07-05 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=बाह्रखरी}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय केन्द्रहरू == * कतार <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantipur-कतारमा नेपाली इन्जिनियरहरू बढ्दै - कान्तिपुर समाचार |url=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2014-09-11/207864.html |access-date=2020-07-29}}</ref> * अष्ट्रेलिया * थाइल्यान्ड * युनाइटेड किङ्गडम * जापान ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [https://neanepal.org.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद्]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} qwfrsjisagm63mah70asvpl38r0ldfp 1358393 1358392 2026-06-08T11:08:57Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox organization | name = नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन | full_name = | native_name = Nepal Engineers Association | native_name_lang = Nepali | logo = | logo_size = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = Logo of NEA | image = | image_size = | caption = | map = | map_size = | map_alt = | map_caption = | map2 = | map2_size = | map2_alt = | map2_caption = | abbreviation = | nickname = | pronounce ref = | pronounce comment = | named_after = | predecessor = | successor = | formation = 1962<!-- use {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | founder = | founding_location = | dissolved = <!-- use {{end date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | merger = | type = गैरनाफामूलक | tax_id = <!-- or | vat_id = (for European organizations) --> | registration_id = <!-- for non-profit org --> | status = | purpose = | professional_title = | headquarters = [[पुल्चोक]], ललितपुर | location_city = | coordinates = <!--{{coord|27.712434|N|85.330689|E|display=inline, title}}--> | origins = | region = | products = | services = | methods = | fields = | membership = | language = | owner = <!-- or | owners = --> | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | board_of_directors = | key_people = | main_organ = | parent_organization = | subsidiaries = | secessions = | affiliations = | budget = | budget_year = | revenue = | revenue_year = | disbursements = | expenses = | expenses_year = | endowment = | endowment_year = | website = {{url|www.neanepal.org.np}} | remarks = | formerly = | footnotes = | bodystyle = }} '''नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन''' नेपालका इन्जिनियरहरूको स्वतन्त्र गैरनाफामूलक संस्था हो। यसको [[मुख्यालय]] पुल्चोक, [[ललितपुर महानगरपालिका|ललितपुर]] अवस्थित छ। यो १९६२ मा स्थापित भएको थियो। नेपालको प्रत्येक प्रदेशमा यसको एक प्रादेशिक समिति छ। == सदस्यहरू == वर्ष २०२२: ३६,५०० भन्दा बढी सदस्यहरू <ref name="bahra2020">{{Cite web |title=नेपाल इन्जिनियर्स एसोसिएसन ५७ वर्षमा |url=https://baahrakhari.com/news-details/203291/2019-07-05 |access-date=2020-07-29 |website=बाह्रखरी}}</ref> == अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय केन्द्रहरू == * कतार <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kantipur-कतारमा नेपाली इन्जिनियरहरू बढ्दै - कान्तिपुर समाचार |url=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2014-09-11/207864.html |access-date=2020-07-29}}</ref> * अष्ट्रेलिया * थाइल्यान्ड * युनाइटेड किङ्गडम * जापान ==बाह्य कडीहरू== * [https://neanepal.org.np/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट] ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद्]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} cx1sv2my1vik9ltlkh5e9hye2qhrik8 0 150466 1358394 2026-06-08T11:18:31Z Biplab Anand 13653 +पुनर्निर्देशन 1358394 wikitext text/x-wiki #Redirect [[महाराजा वीर विक्रम विमानस्थल]] 4gv3envdl8xt9ull5ufx659re3tbk8x 0 150467 1358395 2026-06-08T11:19:43Z Bishaldev100 28807 "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358388718|Nepal Engineering Council]]"पृष्ठलाई अनुवाद गरि सृजना गरियो 1358395 wikitext text/x-wiki '''नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद्''' बि सं २०५६ मा नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद् ऐनअन्तर्गत गठन भएको एउटा स्वायत्त सरकारी निकाय हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055 (1999) |url=https://nec.gov.np/uploads/brochure/uHz5GkVeJ4220316085434.pdf |website=Nepal Engineering Council}}</ref><ref name="act2055">{{cite book|title=Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055 (1999)|url=https://www.global-regulation.com/law/nepal/9333470/engineering-council-act%252c-2055-%25281999%2529.html}}</ref> इन्जिनियरिङ पेशालाई प्रभावकारी बनाएर व्यवस्थित र वैज्ञानिक ढङ्गले परिचालन गर्नुका साथै अन्य विषयहरूसहित इन्जिनियरहरूको नाम उनीहरूको योग्यताअनुसार दर्ता गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्न परिषद्को स्थापना गरिएको थियो। == परिषद्को गठनः == परिषद्मा देहाय बमोजिमका सदस्यहरु रहनछन्ः – (क) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा पन्ध्र वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभव प्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरु मध्येबाट नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत इन्जिनियर ( अध्यक्ष (ख) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा दश वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभव प्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरु मध्येबाट नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत इन्जिनियर ( उपाध्यक्ष । (ग) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा सात वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभवप्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरू मध्येबाट प्रत्येक प्रदेशबाट प्रतिनिधित्व हुने गरी समावेशी सिद्धान्तको आधारमा नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत कम्तीमा तीनजना महिला सहित सातजना– सदस्य । (घ) अध्यक्ष, नेपाल इन्जिनियर्स एशोसिएसन ( सदस्य (ङ) नेपाल इन्जियिर्स एशोसिएसनले निर्वाचन गरी पठाएका पाँचजना इन्जिनियरहरु ( सदस्य (च) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग क्याम्पसका क्याम्पस प्रमुखहरु मध्येनेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत क्याम्पस प्रमुख एकजना ( सदस्य (छ) प्रतिनिधि, इन्जिनियरिङ्ग, अध्ययन संस्थान, त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय ( सदस्य (छ१) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषय अध्ययन, अध्यापन गराउने विश्वविद्यालयहरू मध्येबाट नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत एकजना – सदस्य (ज) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा सात वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभवप्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरू मध्येबाट परिषद्बाट मनोनीत कम्तीमा एकजना महिला सहित दुईजना – सदस्य == दर्ता श्रेणी == परिषद्ले तिनवटा श्रेणीहरूमा इन्जिनियरहरू दर्ता गर्ने प्रावधान गरेको छः <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal Engineering Council Regulation, 2057 |url=https://nec.gov.np/uploads/brochure/44f43R7Lj1211202074411.pdf |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=Nepal Engineering Council}}</ref> # सामान्य इन्जिनियर (श्रेणी-A) # व्यावसायिक इन्जिनियर (श्रेणी-B) # विदेशी इन्जिनियर (श्रेणी-C) * [[नेपाल कानुन व्यवसायी परिषद्|नेपाल बार काउन्सिल]] * [[नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालका नियमनकारी निकायहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा आधारित संस्थाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा शिक्षा]] [[श्रेणी:Coordinates on Wikidata]] 6kdkq0vijfo4ogc5nnbzssyuh0j7ir1 1358396 1358395 2026-06-08T11:21:31Z Bishaldev100 28807 1358396 wikitext text/x-wiki '''नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद्''' बि सं २०५६ मा नेपाल इन्जिनियरिङ परिषद् ऐनअन्तर्गत गठन भएको एउटा स्वायत्त सरकारी निकाय हो।<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055 (1999) |url=https://nec.gov.np/uploads/brochure/uHz5GkVeJ4220316085434.pdf |website=Nepal Engineering Council}}</ref><ref name="act2055">{{cite book|title=Nepal Engineering Council Act, 2055 (1999)|url=https://www.global-regulation.com/law/nepal/9333470/engineering-council-act%252c-2055-%25281999%2529.html}}</ref> इन्जिनियरिङ पेशालाई प्रभावकारी बनाएर व्यवस्थित र वैज्ञानिक ढङ्गले परिचालन गर्नुका साथै अन्य विषयहरूसहित इन्जिनियरहरूको नाम उनीहरूको योग्यताअनुसार दर्ता गर्ने व्यवस्था गर्न परिषद्को स्थापना गरिएको थियो। == परिषद्को गठनः == परिषद्मा देहाय बमोजिमका सदस्यहरु रहनछन्ः – (क) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा पन्ध्र वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभव प्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरु मध्येबाट नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत इन्जिनियर ( अध्यक्ष (ख) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा दश वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभव प्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरु मध्येबाट नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत इन्जिनियर ( उपाध्यक्ष । (ग) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा सात वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभवप्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरू मध्येबाट प्रत्येक प्रदेशबाट प्रतिनिधित्व हुने गरी समावेशी सिद्धान्तको आधारमा नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत कम्तीमा तीनजना महिला सहित सातजना– सदस्य । (घ) अध्यक्ष, नेपाल इन्जिनियर्स एशोसिएसन ( सदस्य (ङ) [[नेपाल ईन्जिनियर्स एसोसियसन|नेपाल इन्जियिर्स एशोसिएसन]]ले निर्वाचन गरी पठाएका पाँचजना इन्जिनियरहरु ( सदस्य (च) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग क्याम्पसका क्याम्पस प्रमुखहरु मध्ये नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत क्याम्पस प्रमुख एकजना ( सदस्य (छ) प्रतिनिधि, इन्जिनियरिङ्ग, अध्ययन संस्थान, त्रिभुवन विश्वविद्यालय ( सदस्य (छ१) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषय अध्ययन, अध्यापन गराउने विश्वविद्यालयहरू मध्येबाट नेपाल सरकारबाट मनोनीत एकजना – सदस्य (ज) इन्जिनियरिङ्ग विषयमा स्नातकोपाधि प्राप्त गरी कम्तीमा सात वर्ष इन्जिनियरिङ्ग व्यवसायमा अनुभवप्राप्त इन्जिनियरहरू मध्येबाट परिषद्बाट मनोनीत कम्तीमा एकजना महिला सहित दुईजना – सदस्य == दर्ता श्रेणी == परिषद्ले तिनवटा श्रेणीहरूमा इन्जिनियरहरू दर्ता गर्ने प्रावधान गरेको छः <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nepal Engineering Council Regulation, 2057 |url=https://nec.gov.np/uploads/brochure/44f43R7Lj1211202074411.pdf |access-date=14 September 2022 |website=Nepal Engineering Council}}</ref> # सामान्य इन्जिनियर (श्रेणी-A) # व्यावसायिक इन्जिनियर (श्रेणी-B) # विदेशी इन्जिनियर (श्रेणी-C) ==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्== * [[नेपाल कानुन व्यवसायी परिषद्|नेपाल बार काउन्सिल]] * [[नेपाल मेडिकल काउन्सिल]] ==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू== {{सन्दर्भसूची}} [[श्रेणी:नेपालका नियमनकारी निकायहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा आधारित संस्थाहरू]] [[श्रेणी:नेपालमा शिक्षा]] [[श्रेणी:Coordinates on Wikidata]] bewnzcjispmyhpn174nqg02oelljflm 828 150468 1358399 2018-04-12T18:44:46Z en>Frietjes 0 created from [[Template:Location map India Chandigarh]], earlier edit history will be saved in [[Module:Location map/data/India Chandigarh/doc]] 1358399 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Chandigarh', top = 30.794444444444, bottom = 30.644444444444, left = 76.683333333333, right = 76.900000000000, image = 'Chandigarh Tricity.svg' } etcd9eyxzmix2k0ir4hl7xy23h7fg1r 1358400 1358399 2026-06-08T11:27:18Z Biplab Anand 13653 [[:en:Module:Location_map/data/India_Chandigarh]] बाट १ संशोधन(हरू): आयात गर्दै 1358399 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Chandigarh', top = 30.794444444444, bottom = 30.644444444444, left = 76.683333333333, right = 76.900000000000, image = 'Chandigarh Tricity.svg' } etcd9eyxzmix2k0ir4hl7xy23h7fg1r 1358401 1358400 2026-06-08T11:28:06Z Biplab Anand 13653 सुधार गरियो 1358401 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'चण्डीगढ', top = 30.794444444444, bottom = 30.644444444444, left = 76.683333333333, right = 76.900000000000, image = 'Chandigarh Tricity.svg' } r03em6dnvhh54xvn3cjeexa0j0dn9ca