विकिपिडिया:सामाजिक पोर्टल

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      <comment>/* RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons */ नयाँ खण्ड</comment>
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{{माथि जाने}}
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! colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;background:#eee9d9; font-size:140%;&quot; |'''सामाजिक पोर्टलका सन्देशहरू'''
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&lt;center&gt; [[File:Replacement filing cabinet.svg|20px|alt=|link=]] '''सामाजिक पोर्टलका सन्देशहरू''' {{सामाजिक पोर्टल अभिलेखहरू|start={{{start|}}}}}&lt;/center&gt;
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== Help Needed – A project to grow content and attract more contributors in Nepali Wikipedia ==

{{int:Hello}} Nepal Wikipedia,

We apologize that this message is not in your language. {{int:Please-translate}}.

The WMF Language and Product Localization team is planning to launch a campaign project to encourage more native speakers to contribute to your Wikipedia. 

'''Our approach'''

We will invite native speakers through Nepali Wikipedia homepage to join a 3-week onboarding program in an [[metawiki:Event_Center/Registration#Event_Registration_Tool|Event registration page]]. This program will:

* Guide them step-by-step through an onboarding material on how to edit and use contribution tools to expand articles.
* Surface vital articles that the community has prioritized for improvement and editing tasks can be worked on to improve those articles.

Through this guided onboarding program we will see if this approach will increase contributions from new editors or less experienced editors in your Wikipedia. You can read more about the project here: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Research:Engage_native_speakers_to_improve_vital_content_in_small_language_Wikipedias#Hypothesis_WE2.1.5.

'''Tasks you can volunteer to help us with'''

To make this project successful, we need your community’s help with these key tasks:

* Translate the onboarding materials on this page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:SSethi_(WMF)/Sandbox/Event:_Vital_Knowledge_Drive_2026#Overview into Nepali.
* Set up a call-to-action message on your [[मुख्य पृष्ठ|homepage]] using the translations. Admins are needed for this step. Instructions for the setup are on [[metawiki:User:SSethi_(WMF)/Sandbox/Event:_Vital_Knowledge_Drive_2026#For_event_organizers:_adding_vital_knowledge_section_to_wiki_home_page|this page]]. @[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Biplab Anand|Biplab Anand]] and @[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]], please can you help with this task?
* Create an Event Registration Page on Nepali Wikipedia, and insert the translated materials in it. Here is a sample of the event registration page: https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:SSethi_(WMF)/Sandbox/Event:_Vital_Knowledge_Drive_2026#Event:_Vital_Knowledge_Drive_2026
* Identify local Wikipedia articles or lists of articles needing improvement or missing in your Wikipedia. You might find inspiration in the &quot;[[metawiki:List_of_articles_every_Wikipedia_should_have|List of articles every Wikipedia should have]]&quot;. These articles are to be added into the Event page you will create. Our team will help generate links to contribution tools for the selected articles.

'''Timeline and Next Steps'''

Please, help us complete these tasks by '''March 20, 2026'''. We plan to launch the program on March 23, 2026.

We understand this is a big effort and truly appreciate any help you all can provide. Your support can help grow your community and make Nepali Wikipedia stronger.

Please let us know If your community is interested in this project and would help us with the tasks by replying on this thread.

Thank you for your time and support!

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:२४, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)

:Hello, thank you for the initiative. I'm interested and willing to help with translation, homepage setup, event page creation, and identifying priority articles, and I look forward to collaborating on this. [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२४, २६ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
::Thank you so much, @[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] for helping with this. We really appreciate your volunteering to do this. Please let me know if you need anything from my team, and the right channel for us to coordinate on this work (maybe email). If this thread is convenient for you, that's fine too. 
::I am looking forward to collaborating with you on this project.
::Best regards, [[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५६, ४ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
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(This message was sent to [[:आयोजना:सामाजिक पोर्टल]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

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Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ०६:४३, २६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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(This message was sent to [[:आयोजना:सामाजिक पोर्टल]] and is being posted here due to a redirect.)
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== Invitie: Community language documentation &amp; archiving workshop series ==
[[File:OpenSpeaks_Training_Workshop%2C_Kochi_-_7_September_2026.svg|thumb|Invite for community language documentation &amp; archiving workshop series]]

Namaste, we invite Nepali Wikimedians interested in documenting local, Indigenous languages of Nepal in audio and video. This workshop series is for those who already record and archive such languages, or want to start. Less experience is okay. The upcoming session is on 18 May and needs registration [[:m:OpenSpeaks/Community_language_documentation_and_archiving_training/1|here]]. We're also looking for [[:m:OpenSpeaks/Community_language_documentation_and_archiving_training/1#Volunteers|volunteers]] to help with coordination and translation. We also invite you to use the [[:m:OpenSpeaks/Archives|archived audio and video materials]] from Nepal, India and Sri Lanka in Nepali Wikipedia articles and Wiktionary entries. [[User:Psubhashish|Psubhashish]] ([[User talk:Psubhashish|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:१४, १५ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
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[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) २२:५९, २७ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]])&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:५६, २३ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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{{Infobox royalty
| name         = पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| image        = Prithvi Narayan Shah.jpg
| caption      = श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| succession1  = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखाका  राजा]]
| succession   = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका  राजा]]
| predecessor1 = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| predecessor  = ''पद स्थापित''
| successor1   = ''पद खारेज''
| successor।   = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]
| royal house  = [[शाह वंश]]
| house-type   = वंश
| father       = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| mother       = [[रानी कौसल्यावती|कौसल्यावती शाह]]
| issue        = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] &lt;br&gt; [[बहादुर शाह]] &lt;br/&gt; [[विलासकुमारी]] &lt;br&gt;रणसिंह शाह
| religion     = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]]
| birth_date   = १७७९ पुष २७&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=बाबुराम|last=आचार्य|title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको सङ्क्षिप्त जीवनी - भाग १  |page=४२|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_date   = १८३१ माघ १ (५२ वर्ष)&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign        = १७९९ चैत २५- १८२५
| reign1       = १८२५ - १८३१ माघ १
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[इन्द्रकुमारी देवी]]|1794}}
*{{marriage|[[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी शाह]]|1796}}
}}
| birth_place  = [[गोरखा दरबार]]
| death_place  = [[देवीघाट]] [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]]
}}
'''श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' (वि.सं.१७७९-१८३१) शाहवंशीय राजा थिए। स-साना राज्यहरूमा बाँडिएका [[बाइसे राज्यहरू|बाईसे]] तथा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिसे]] राज्यहरूलाई एकत्रित गरेर एउटै देशको सृजना गर्ने यिनी आधुनिक नेपालको राष्ट्रनिर्माताको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कृष्णराज गौतम|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको सम्झनामा पुष २७ गते नेपालमा [[पृथ्वी जयन्ती|राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस]] मनाउने गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=योगी नरहरीनाथका दुर्लभ पुस्तक प्रदर्शनीमा राखिँदै|युआरएल=https://www.prasashan.com/2018/01/11/52650/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रशासन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपालमा बि.सं. २००७ साल सम्म [[राणा वंश|राणा शासन]] थियो भने [[सात सालको क्रान्ति]] पश्चात् नेपालमा आएको प्रजातन्त्र पश्चात् [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले नेपालमा राष्ट्रपिता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्मोत्सव मनाउनु पर्छ भनेर प्रक्रिया सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज गौतम|शीर्षक=राष्ट्रनायकको अठोट|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/168615-1547173560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स-साना क्षेत्र जस्तै (भिरकोट, कास्की, लम्जुङ, गोरखा) मा राज्य गरिरहेको शाहवंशलाई पुरै नेपालको राजवंशमा रूपान्तरण गर्दै आधुनिक नेपालको जग बसालेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=त्रिरत्न|last=मानन्धर|title=नेपालको एकीकरण|page=215|publisher=साझा प्रकाशन|location=काठमाडौँ|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले सुरू गरेको एकिकरण अभियान बढ्दै गएर नेपाल राज्यको सिमाना पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिष्टा नदी]], दक्षिणमा मगध र पश्चिममा [[सतलज नदी]] सम्म विस्तार भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=तुलसीराम वैद्य|शीर्षक=जसले नेपालको जग बसाए|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-09-23/20170923104348.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; बि.सं.१८७१ कात्तिक १८ गते सुरु भएको [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] पश्चात् गरिएको [[सुगौली सन्धि]] सम्म यो भू-भाग नेपालको अधिनमा रहेको थियो। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८३१ माघे सङ्क्रान्तिका दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को [[देवीघाट]]मा मृत्यु भए तापनि नेपाल एकिकरण अभियान जेठी बुहारी [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]], कान्छा छोरा [[बहादुर शाह]] लगायतले अगाडि बढाइ रहेका थिए।&lt;section begin=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt; नेपाल एकिकरण अभियानको पूर्णविराम चाहीँ उनको पनाती [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|राजा गिर्वाण युद्ध विक्रम शाह]]का पालामा भएको नेपाल-अङ्ग्रेज [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|युद्ध]] पछि भएको थियो। वि.सं. १८७३ सालमा [[सुगौली सन्धि|सुगौलीको सन्धि]] नहुञ्जेल सम्म पुरा ७२ वर्षसम्म एकीकरण अभियान चलेको थियो। बि.सं. २००९ सालदेखि [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले सरकारसँग समन्वय गरेर एउटा समारोह समिति गठन गरी आफै त्यो समितिमा बसेर '''राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस''' तथा '''[[पृथ्वी जयन्ती]]'''को रूपमा मनाउन प्रारम्भ गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-events/articles-events-prithibi-jayanti|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी जयन्ती / राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्म वि.सं. १७७९ पुष २७ गते बिहिबार [[गोरखा दरबार]]मा पिता [[नरभूपाल शाह]] आमा [[रानी कौसल्यावती]]को कोखमा भएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} शाहको हेरविचार महारानी [[चन्द्रप्रभावती]]ले गरेकी थिइन् र सुरूदेखि नै उनलाई [[रामायण]], [[महाभारत]] र पछि गएर शुक्रनीतिको ज्ञान दिइएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} धनुवाण, [[तरबार]], [[घोडसवारी]] दौड आदिमा पनि उनी निपूर्ण भएको मानिन्छ।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}}

उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] की राजकुमारी इन्द्रकुमारीसॅंग भएको थियो। गोरखा र मकवानपुरबीच ओहोर दोहोर गर्नु पर्दा उपत्यकाको भू-बनोट र त्यहाँको आर्थिक अवस्थालाई उनले राम्रोसँग नियालेका थिए। सो समयमा गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएन। त्यसैकारणले उनले अन्नपातले सम्पन्न र उन्नतिशील काठमाडौँ उपत्यकालाई विजय गर्ने मनसाय बनाइसकेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, राष्ट्रियता र समावेशी संस्कार|url=http://setopati.com/blog/22658/|accessdate=27 January 2015|publisher=सेतोपाटी|quote=अनुसन्धानकर्ता इतिहासकारहरूले भन्छन्, “गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएँन।” त्यसैकारणले राजाको मात्र होइन गोरखाली जनताको पनि राज्य विस्तार गर्ने चाहना थियो। यो कुरा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको उपदेशमा लेखिएको, “यी ३ नै देश (काठमाडौँ, पाटन, भक्तपुर) को राजा हुन पाया त हुँदो हो।” भन्ने उनको भनाइबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ।}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118062029/http://setopati.com/blog/22658/ |date=18 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ आएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गोरखा दरबारको तर्फबाट ल्याएका पगरी [[भक्तपुर जिल्ला|भक्तपुर]]का राजा रणजित मल्ललाई दिए भने त्यसको कदरस्वरूप रणजित मल्लले राजकुमार वीरनरसिंह मल्लसँग उनको मितेरी लगाई दरबारमा स-सम्मान लामो अवधिसम्म राखेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : उत्तरबाट सुन किन्थे, दक्षिणबाट चाँदी, यस्तो थियो रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.bizshala.com/story/-2786|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बिजशाला|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; गोरखा फर्किदा चाँगुनारायण, पशुपति र गुहेश्वरी पशुपतिनाथको दर्शन गर्न गएको कुरा थाहा पाई काठमाडौँका राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले उनलाई दरबारमा ल्याई उनीसँग मितेरी लगाएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मितेरी साइनोको मूल्य|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/58672|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[चित्र:Idols_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg|thumb|पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र उनका दुई रानीको शालिक, यो शालिक [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरवारमा]] रहेको छ।]]
उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]]का राजा [[हेमकर्ण सेन]]की छोरी इन्द्रकुमारी सँग वि.सं. १७९४ मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=निष्णु थिङ|शीर्षक=विवाहको राजनीति|युआरएल=https://www.indigenousvoice.com/1058.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; मकवानपुर त्यसबेलाको एक शक्तिशाली राज्य भएकाले त्यससँग नाता जोडेर राजनीतिक लाभ लिने उद्देश्यले यो विवाह भएको थियो तर पछि [[हेमकर्ण सेन]] ले असमर्थता जनाएका थिएँ। उनको दोस्रो विवाह [[बनारस|काशी]]का [[अभिमानसिंह राजपुत]]की छोरी [[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]सँग भएको थियो। नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मीबाट [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] र [[बहादुर शाह]]को जन्म भएको थियो। मितबुवा [[रणजित मल्ल]]ले  वि.सं. १८०३ मा आफ्नो दरबारमा पाहुना भएर बसेको समय मितछोरा गोरखाली राजा पृथ्वीनारायणलाई उनको सेवासुसारका लागि नेवार जातिकी मैजुकन्या ‘उपहार’ दिएका हुन्। पृथ्वीनारायण नुवाकोट आएपछि ती मैजुकन्या उनको भित्रिनी (उपरानी) बनिन्। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी यी नेवार भित्रिनीतिरबाट एक छोराको जन्म भएको थियो। उनको नाम नरसिंह (रणसिंह) थियो। उनी [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]को राज्यकालमा दरबारका एक [[चौतारिया|चौतरिया]] थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=किन ओझेलमा पारिइन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी नेवार रानी? |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20230609-queen-of-prithbinarayan-shaha/7511 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Ukaalo |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== शासनकाल ==
वि.सं. १७९९ मा राजा [[नरभूपाल शाह]]को मृत्यू भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण २० वर्षको उमेरमा गोरखाका राजा भएका थिएँ। उनले प्रचलित नियम अनुसार आफू राज-सिंहासनमा रहने बित्तिकै माहिला भाइ महिद्दाम्कीर्ति शाहलाई चौतारा पदवी दिएका थिएँ।  आफ्ना मुख्यमन्त्री र सेनापति भर्ना गर्नलाई यस अघिका काजी विराज थापा बूढा भैसकेका हुनाले एक योग्य नवयुवकको खोजी गरिरहेका थिएँ। गोरखाका रैतीले [[भीमराज पाँडे]]का छोरा [[कालु पाँडे]] रोजेका र यिनले [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजासँग चलाखीका साथ सन्धी गरी राजनीतिमा योग्यता देखाएका हुनाले यिनैलाई कज्याईँ दिई मुख्यमन्त्री बनाएका थिएँ।  

राजा हुनुअगावै उनले वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको राजनीतिक रहनसहन राम्रोसँग अध्ययन गरिसकेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको काठमाडौँ उपत्यका र पूर्वी क्षेत्र विजय गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले आफ्ना प्रवल विरोधी शक्ति [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजा रिपुमर्दन शाहसंग वि.स. १७९९ मा एक सन्धि गरेका थिई जस अनुसार दुवै राज्यवीच मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गर्ने [[कास्की राज्य|कास्की]]को अर्घामाथि कब्जा गर्न सफल भएमा त्यहाँको काठ कास्कीलाई दिने आदि शर्तमा उल्लेख थियो। 

===दोस्रो नुवाकोट आक्रमण ===
पिता नरभूपालको एकीकरणको सपना साकार पार्न वि.सं. १८०० मा [[विराज थापा मगर]] र [[महेश्वर पन्त]]को नेतृत्वमा उनले नुवाकोट आक्रमण गराएका थिएँ तर नुवाकोटबाट गोर्खालीहरूले पराजयको सामना गर्नु परेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== काशी यात्रा ===
नुवाकोटको युद्धमा पराजयको सामना गर्नुपरेकाले आवश्यक हातहतियारहरू सङ्कलनार्थ  '''पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' वनारस पुगेका थिएँ।  उनले काशी जाँदा शासनको बागडोर जेठी आमा चन्द्रप्रभाका हातमा छोडेका थिएँ। पिता नरभूपालले  पुण्य प्राप्त गरून् भनी काशीको यात्रा गरी आफ्नो [[भारद्वाज गोत्र|भारद्वाज]] गोत्रबाट काश्यप गोत्रमा [[गोत्र]] परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन गोत्र परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले?|युआरएल=https://www.nepalipublic.com/news/4766|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाली पब्लिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; सोहि बेलामा तिर्थ गर्न भनी गएका जाजरकोटका राजा हरी शाहसँग उनले राज्य विस्तार गर्दा गोरखा र जाजरकोटले एक अर्कालाई वाधा र कुभलो नचिताउने कुराहरू बारे सन्धि गरेका थिएँ।

===नुवाकोट आक्रमण तथा विजय ===
दोस्रो पटक पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८०१ मा [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]को सेनापतित्वमा नुवाकोटमाथि हमला गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आधुनिक नेपाल राष्ट्रनिर्माणमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको भूमिका !|युआरएल=https://www.bidharthi.com/content/118|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=विद्यार्थी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस पटक गोर्खाका १२-२० वर्षसम्मका सबै युवाहरूलाई सशस्त्र तयारी गरीएको थियो भने सैनिकहरूको सङ्ख्या १ हजार भन्दा माथि थियो। यी मध्ये केही सैनिक खेतालाहरूको रूपमा नुवाकोट पुराइएको थियो। तत्पश्चात कालु पाँडेले नुवाकोट रक्षा तैनाथ रहेका जयन्त रानालाई गोर्खामा मिल्नु बाहेक उनको लागि अन्य भलाइ नभएको पत्र पठाएका थिए। तर जयन्त रानाले काठमाडौँ पुगी गोर्खालीहरूबाट सम्भावित आक्रमणको जानकारी दिँदै थप सैनिक र हातहतियार माग गरेका थिएँ। तर उपत्यकामा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को चहलपहल रहेकाले [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले जयन्त राणाको मागको उपेक्षा गरेका थिएँ। जयन्त रानाको छोरा शङ्खमणी राणाले नुवाकोटको सुरक्षामा तैनाथ रहेकको समयमा गोरखाबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, दलदर्मन शाह, चौतारा विष्णु शाह, काजी [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]] आदिले नुवाकोटलाई घेरा हाली एकैपटक आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। [[दलमर्दन शाह]]को हातबाट शखमणी राणाको मृत्यु भयो र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नुवाकोटमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

नुवाकोटमा गोरखालीहरूको कब्जा भएकाले नुवाकोटका सिपाहीहरू भागि वेलकोटमा अड्डा जमाई बसेकाले कालु पाँडेको तत्काल हमला नगर्ने सल्लाहलाई उपेक्षा गरी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वेलकोटमा हमला गरेका थिए। [[जयन्त राना]] यहाँ पक्राउ परेका थिए।

==नेपाल एकिकरणको प्रयत्न==
[[चित्र:Prithvinarayanshah.jpg|thumb|राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नेपाल एकीकरणको महायात्रा सुरू गरी र कैयौँ स्थानलाई नेपाल राष्ट्रमा गाभेर ४ जात र ३६ वर्णको साझा फूलबारीको सृष्टि गरेका थिएँ&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चार जात छत्तीस वर्णको नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.nepaltoday.com.np/home/politics_detail?id=4967|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;। पृथ्वीनारायणको उद्देश्यलाई युगको मागका रूपमा इतिहासकारहरूले हेरेका छन्। तत्कालीन बाइसे र चौबिसे राज्यहरू, उपत्यकाका विभाजित मल्ल राज्यहरू, पूर्वका किराँत र लिम्बूवान क्षेत्रहरू सबैतिर एउटा सशक्त राष्ट्रवादी शक्तिको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको थियो, जसको स्थान पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पाएका थिएँ।

===तनहुँमाथिको आक्रमण===
नुवाकोट र वेलकोटको विजयपछि गोरखालीहरूले लामीडाँडामा कब्जा गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहः जस्ले नेपालको यसरी एकिकरण गरेका थिएँ|युआरएल=https://www.maipokharinews.com/2020/01/pirthivi-naryan.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तर तनहुँद्वारा लामीडाँडा कब्जा गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले [[तनहुँ राज्य|तनहुँ]] र गोरखालीहरूबीच भिडन्तको सम्भावना बढेको थियो। तर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गुरु गौरेश्वर पन्तलाई पठाई तनहुँको राजा सॅंग सन्धि गर्ने भन्ने खबर पठाएकाले तनहुँका राजा त्रिविक्रम सेनविच केही समय वार्तालाप भएपछि निर्धारित समयानुसार तिरमा लुकी बसेमा गोर्खाली सैनिकहरूले त्रिविक्रम सेनलाई बन्दी बनाई छोटो समयका लागि तनहुँमाथि कब्जा गरेका थिएँ। यस प्रकारको कामबाट लमजुङ, कास्की, पर्वत आदि क्रुद्ध हुने सम्भावना भएकाले वि.स. १८१० मा [[तनहुँ राज्य#त्रिविक्रम सेन द्वितीय|त्रिविक्रम सेन]]लाई मुक्त गरेका थिएँ। वि.स. १८१२ मा गोर्खाली सैनिकले लमजुङ र तनहुँका संयुक्त फौजसँग युद्ध गर्न परेको थियो। यस युद्धमा गोर्खाले ठुलो जनधनको क्षति बेहोर्न परेको थियो। तर पनि नालदुम, दहचोक, महादेव पोखरी, सिरानचोकको साथै कुलेखानि, इपा, माल्टा आदिमा कब्जा भएकाले गोरखाको सिमाना मकवानपुरसम्म पुग्यो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===किर्तिपुरमाथि पहिलो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८१४ मा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले कीर्तिपुरमा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=जोगी पाल्न गरिबलाई दस्तुर|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/162040|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यसमा गोरखाको तर्फ १२०० सैनिक थिएँ। तर कीर्तिपुरले काठमाडौँ, ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका सैनिक समेत सहयोग मागेकाले किर्तिपुरतर्फ ३०० जति सैनिक थिएँ। यी दुईपक्षवीच बल्खु खोलामा ६ घन्टासम्म लडाइँ हुँदा धेरै गोरखालीहरूले [[वीरगति]] प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ। किर्तिपुरको कब्जामा परेका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह राजवध गर्न नहुने नैतिक नियमको कारणले मात्र यहाँ बाचेका थिएँ। 
कीर्तिपुरको पहिलो युद्धमा विरगती प्राप्त गरेका काजी [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]का ठाउँमा उनको छोरा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]]लाई र सेनापति पदमा [[शिवरामसिंह बस्न्यात|शिवराम सिंह बस्न्यात]]का छोरा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]लाई नियुक्त गरी सैनिक पुनर्गठन गर्ने अभिभारा सुम्पिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कालु पाँडेको बलिदानको इतिहासलाई स्मरण गर्नुपर्ने|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/47626|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; वि.स. १८१६ मा शिवपुरी र काभ्रेमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।

===मकवानपुर विजय===
वि.स. १८१९ को भदौ महिनामा [[वंशराज पाँडे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]ले सङ्गठन गरेको सैनिक साथै [[महोद्दामकिर्ति शाह]], [[दलमर्दन शाह]], [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]], नन्दु शाह, [[दलजित शाह]]हरूका साथ पठाएको ठुलो सङ्ख्यामा [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]मा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। यहा १० घन्टासम्म लडाइँ चलेको थियो र अन्तत: दिग्वन्ध्न सेनले आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ। &lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मकवानपुरगढी र पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://sadrishya.com/2021/01/11/858/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===गोरखा माथि आक्रमण ===
वि.स. १८२० मा दिग्वन्धन सेनलाई मद्धत गर्ने निहुमा [[तनहुँ जिल्ला|तनहुँ]]का राजा त्रिविक्रम सेन, [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को राजा [[मुकुन्द सेन]] तृतीय, [[कास्की जिल्ला|कास्की]]का राजा सिद्धिनारायण शाहको संयुक्त सैनिकले गोरखाको अधिनमा रहेको हर्मी, भिरकोट, धापकोट, चवाङ्गली, धौराली, लकान्कोटमाथि आक्रमण गरी लुटपाट गरेका थिएँ।

===किीर्तिपुरमाथि दोस्रो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८२१ को भदौ महिनामा शुरप्रताप शाह, दलजित शाह र श्री हर्ष पन्तको नेतृत्वमा किर्तिपुर माथि दोस्रो आक्रमण भएको थियो। यस युद्धमा पनि कीर्तिपुरलाई पहिले जस्तै उपत्यकाबाट सैनिक सहयोग प्राप्त नभए पनि किर्तिपुरका जनताले गोर्खाली सैनिकलाई गोपुर किल्ला तोडी किर्तिपुरमा प्रवेश गर्ने मौका दिएनन्। यस युद्धमा कीर्तिपुरद्वारा निसाना लगाइएको तिरबाट शुरप्रतापको आँखा फुट्नुका साथै अन्य केही फौज फर्कन वाध्य भएका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=परिचय&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी नारायण शाहः एक सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय|युआरएल=https://www.localsandesh.com/2018/01/11/3949/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो आक्रमण===
किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो पटकको युद्धको नेतृत्व काजी वंशराज पाडेले लिएका थिएँ। उनले चारैतिरबाट गोपुर किल्लालाई घेरी खेतालाका रूपमा केही सैनिक कीर्तिपुर पठाएका थिएँ। त्यसबखत किर्तिपुरमा धान भित्राउने समय परेकाले वंशराज कीर्तिपुरेहरूलाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गर्न भनेका थिएँ। यो युद्धमा किर्तिपुरलाई छिमेकी राज्यहरूबाट सैनिक सहयोग भएको थिएँन। वि.स. १८२२ चैत ३ गते धनवन्त काजीले गोपुर किल्लामा आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र कीर्तिपुर|युआरएल=https://www.ghatanarabichar.com/83071?amp_markup=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घटना र विचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===सल्यानसँगको सम्बन्ध===
वि.स १८२३ मा सल्यानी राजा श्रीकृष्ण शाहका छोरा रणभिम शाहसँग आफ्ना छोरी विलासकुमारीको विवाह गराई मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गरेका थिएँ। छिल्ली, दाङ, देउखरीलाई दाइजोको रूपमा दिएका थिएँ।

==काठमाडौँ उपत्यका माथिको आक्रमण==
किर्तिपुर गोर्खाको कब्जामा पर्न गएका निकट भविष्यमै उपत्यकामा आक्रमण सम्भावना भएकाले जयप्रकाश मल्लले ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाहरूसँग वैठक गरी गोर्खा सैनिकको विरुद्ध सशक्त सैनिक अभियान गर्नुपर्ने विचार व्यक्त गरेका थिएँ। तर ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाले अनुकुल प्रतिक्रिया नजनाएकाको र गोर्खालीको पहिलो आक्रमण कान्तिपुरमै हुनेछ भन्ने ठानी [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले अङ्ग्रेजहरूसँग सैनिक तथा हातहतियारको सहयोग मागेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]लाई सहयोग गर्न वि.स. १८२३ मा किनलकको नेतृत्वमा २४०० सैनिक पूर्वी नेपालको [[सिन्धुलीगढी]] हुँदै काठमाडौँ तिर बढेको थियो। यो कुराको जानकारी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई पहिले नै भएकाले [[सिन्धुलीगढी]]को रक्षार्थ बिरभद्र पाँडे र वीरभद्र उपाध्याय र वंशु गुरुङको समूह ढुङ्गेवासमाथि आइपुग्दा वंशु गुरुङले प्रत्यासित रूपमा चढाई गरे भने अघि बढीसकेको फौजमाथि वंशराज र वीरभद्र उपाध्यायको फौजले पौवागढीमा आक्रमण गरेकाले सारा अङ्ग्रेज फौज आफुसँग रहेको हातहतियार र बन्दुकहरू छाडी आफ्नो प्राण बचाउन जङ्गलतर्फ भागाभाग गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह आफैंले ‘अपरेसन’ गरेको त्यो युद्ध रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.khabarhub.com/2019/20/66036/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=खबरहब|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===कान्तिपुरमाथि आक्रमण===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उपत्यकालाई चारैतर्फबाट घेरी नाकाबन्दी गरेकाले उपत्यकामा चरम आर्थिक सङ्कट छाएको थियो। त्यसमा पनि काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल कठोर विचार, घमण्डी र संकालु प्रवृतिका भएकाले रानी र भारदारहरू रिसाई उनलाई पदच्युत गरी उनका छोरा राज्यप्रकाश शाहलाई राजा बनाएका थिएँ। तर पछि उनले पुन: आफ्नो सत्ता प्राप्त गरे तर उनलाई आफ्नो छोरा, रानी र भारदारहरूको सहानुभूति प्राप्त भएन। आफ्नो शक्ति कायम राख्न विदेशी सैनिक झिकाई देवी देवताको गुठि मासेकाले धर्मप्राण नेपाली जनता क्षुब्ध भएका थिएँ भने विदेशी सैनिकलाई बढी तलब समेत दिने गरेकाले कान्तिपुरका सैनिकमा निराशा उत्पन्न भएको थियो। 
===ललितपुरको पतन===
यस्तो स्थति बुझेर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.स. १८२५ असोज १३ मा [[इन्द्रजात्रा|इन्द्र जात्रा]]को समय पारि नरदेवी, टुडिखेल र भिमसेनस्थान गरी ३ तर्फबाट आक्रमण गरी कान्तिपुर माथि विजय गरेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]] भागेर ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिह मल्लका गई शरण लिएका थिएँ। 
वि. स. १८२५ असोज २५ गते पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले धनवन्त र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]लाई ललितपुर पठाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गराउन पठाएका थिएँ। पाटनका राजा विना कुनै युद्ध भागेका थिएँ। 

===भक्तपुर विजय===
{{मुख्य|भक्तपुरको युद्ध}}
काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल र ललितपुरका राजा [[तेज नरसिंह मल्ल|तेजनरसिह मल्ल]] भागेर भक्तपुरका राजा [[रणजित मल्ल|रणजित मल्ल]]को शरणमा पुगेका थिएँ। राजा रणजित मल्लले आत्मासम्पर्णको सट्टा छिमेकी राज्य र अङ्ग्रेजसँग समेत सीक सहयोग मागेकाले अनावश्यक ढिलासुस्ती गर्न झुने सम्झी भक्तपुर माथि आक्रमण गर्न वंशराज पाण्डे, कहरसिंह बस्न्यात, रामकृष्ण कुँवर, अमरसिंंह थापा, कालीदास खड्का आदिका साथ १५०० सशस्त्र फौज पठाएका थिएँ। भक्तपुरमा युद्ध भयो जसमा ठुलो जनधनको क्षति भएको थियो। झन्डै २००० भन्दा बढीको मृत्यु र ५०० भन्दा बढी घर ध्वस्त भएको थियो। हार स्वरूप वि.स. १८२६ मङ्सिर १ गते रणजित मल्लले आत्मसमर्पण गरे। यसै युद्धमा जयप्रकाश मल्लको खुट्टामा गोलि लागेको थियो। उनको इच्छा अनुसार पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उनलाई पशुपति जाने व्यवस्था मिलाई दिएका थिएँ ६७ वर्षीय वयोवृद्ध मितबाबु रणजित मल्लले इच्छा बमोजिम उनलाई काशीबासको उचित व्यवस्था मिलाएका थिएँ। त्यहाँ पुगेको १८ महिना पछि उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो। ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिंह मल्लले कुनै इच्छा व्यक्त नगरेकाले उनलाई आजीवन भक्तपुर दरबारमा कैद गरिएको थियो।

==चौबिसे राज्यमाथि आक्रमण==
उपत्यकाका तिनैवटा शहरमा अधिकार कायम भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पश्चिममा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिस राज्य]] विजय गर्न वि.स. १८२८ मा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]को नेतृत्वमा पठाएको फौज र चौविस राज्यका संयुक्त फौजबीच वि.स. १८२८ मा घमासान युद्ध भएको थियो। १६ घण्टाको अविरल युद्ध हुँदा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]सहित ५०० भन्दा बढी गोर्खालीले वीरगत प्राप्त गर्नुका साथै [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]], प्रभु मल्ल जस्ता सेनापतिहरू पनि शत्रुको कब्जामा पर्न गएकाले रणवीर पाँडे र प्रभु मल्लले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुलाई बुझाई बाँकी सैनिक लिई निराश भई पराजित अवस्थामा काठमाडौँ पुगेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुपक्षलाई सम्पर्ण गर्नेहरूको जागिर समाप्ति गरी बन्दुक मोल बापत ६० रुपैयाँ लिएका थिएँ। यो पराजयले गोर्खालीहरूको महत्त्वकांक्ष, मान, प्रतिष्ठामा चोट लागेको थियो भने शत्रुहरूमा गोर्खा विरुद्ध कडा मुकाविला गरेमा विजय हुन् सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रतिरक्षात्मक भावना जागृत गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास वैधानिकताको प्रश्न|युआरएल=https://nayayougbodh.com/opinion/2020/01/12/968429|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=युगबोध राष्ट्रिय दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==पूर्व सेन राज्यसँग युद्ध ==
१८२८;भदौ १३ मा [[रामकृष्ण कुँवर]]लाई पलञ्चोकबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पूर्वतर्फ विस्तार गुर्न सेनापति बनाए। अमरसिंह थापालाई उनका नायब गराई २६००सिपाहीसाथ पहाडैपहाड ओल्लो किरातबाट कूच गराए। त्यो नेपाली सेनाले दूधकोसी नदी तरी चौदण्डी दाखिल हुँदा त्रिलोचन उपाध्याय र हरिनन्द उपाध्याय पोखरेलले टूलो सहयोग गरे। खम्बूसेना र नेपाकी (गोर्खा) सेना बीच हलेसी, रावा, दिङ्ला, माझकिरात क्षेत्रमा झडपह्ग्रू भए। किरातका विषालु धनुकाणको मारले नेपाली सेना आक्रान्त भए तापन विजय नेपालकै भयो। बिसं १८२९ माघ भरमा माझकिरातमा नेपालको अधिकार भयि। पहाडी भाग मात्र त्यहाँसम्म दखल भएको हुँदा तलहट्टीमा पनि विजय गर्नुपर्ने स्थिति देखा परुओ। मुख्य काथिनता पहाडी भागमा नै पर्थ्यो, त्यो दखल भयो। 

तराईको भूभागलाई कब्जा गर्न बख्सी अभिम्क्सनसिंह बस्न्यातलाई खटाई पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले अङ्ग्रेज गभर्नर वारेन हेस्ट्ङ्सलाई पत्र लेखे। बि.सं १८३० जेठ मा लेखेको पत्रमा विजयपुरका राजा कामदत्त सेन आफ्ना दाजु हुनाले निजको हत्या दिवान बुद्धिकर्ण राईले गरेकाले निजको बदला लिन सेबा पठाएकाले अङ्ग्रेज सरकारले बुद्धिकर्णलाई सहयोग नगर्ने अनुरोधका साय्है त्यताको रैरकम के गर्नुपर्ने हो आफूले मिलाउने कुरा पनि उल्लेख गरिएको थियो। त्यस पत्रको आशय अङ्ग्रेजले विरोधीलाई साय्ह नदिउन् भन्ने थियो।

==मृत्यु==
[[चित्र:विदुर नगरपालिका वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[विदुर नगरपालिका]] वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ ]]
वि.सं. १८३१ (सन् १७७४) मङ्सिरको मध्यतिर जाडो छल्न नुवाकोट गएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरबार]]मा बिमारी परेका थिएँ। स्वास्थ्य झन्-झन् खराब हुँदै गएपछि उनैको इच्छाअनुसार त्यहाँको [[देवीघाट]] लगिएको थियो। नौ दिनसम्म घाटमै रही माघ १ गते बिहान सात बजे उनको निधन भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; कतै कतै सिकार खेल्न गएको बेलामा बाघको आक्रमणमा परी गहिरो चोट परी घाइते भएको हिँदा मृत्यु भएको समेत उल्लेख छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सञ्जीवन महर्जन|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु|युआरएल=https://saptahik.com.np/history/2016/03/30/20160330121932|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=साप्ताहिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; घाटमै राखिएको बेला उनले नेपालको भूराजनीतिक अवस्था, सामाजिक जीवन, प्रतिरक्षा र विकासका सन्दर्भमा उपदेशहरू दिएका थिएँ, जसलाई '[[दिव्योपदेश]]' समेत भनिन्छ। &lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112022040/http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html |date=2015-01-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;नेपाल दुई ढुङ्गाबीचको तरुल जस्तो रहेछ। दक्षिणको बादशाह महाचतुर रहेछ। जाइकटक नगर्नु, झिकी कटक गर्नु। नेपाल चार वर्ण, छत्तिस जातको साझा फूलबारी हो।&quot; इत्यादि सान्दर्भिक उपदेशहरू पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=विजयका पर्याय पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2021/01/04/373489/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[माघे सङ्क्रान्ति]]का दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा उकुच र ठेउला आएर नुवाकोट जिल्लामा पर्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी|त्रिशुली]] र तादी नदीको सङ्गम 'मोहन तिर्थ' वा [[देवीघाट]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;

== नीति ==

=== आर्थिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आर्थिक समृद्धिका बारेमा पनि धेरै कुरा व्यक्त गरेका छन्। मुलुक गरिब भयो भने सुरक्षित रहन सक्दैन भन्ने उनको मान्यता रहेको थियो। सरकारले कर उठाउनका लागि कसैलाई ठेक्का नदिइकन आफैँले सो कार्य गर्नु पर्छ भन्ने उनले धारणा रहेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=  डा. जयराज आचार्य|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको परराष्ट्र नीतिका पञ्चतत्व|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/651810|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तात्कालिक समयमा, उनले पूर्व र पश्चिमको बाटोहरू बन्द गर्दै काठमाडौँसम्मको यातायातको बाटो खुलाउने इच्छा राखेका थिएँ।
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनको कृति दिव्योपदेशमा उनले विदेशी व्यापारीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गरेभने यसलाई मरुभूमि बनाएर छोड्ने धारणामा रहेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणः राष्ट्रनिर्माता कि विस्तारवादका नाइके ?|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/74048|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस्तै सन्दर्भमा उनले विदेशी कपडा लगाउनलाई बहिष्कार गर्ने सल्लाह दिएका थिएँ र स्थानीय मानिसहरूलाई कपडा बुन्न प्रशिक्षण समेत दिएका थिएँ। स्थानीय सम्पत्ति देशबाट बाहिर जान नहुने उनको विश्वास रहेको थियो। उनले नेपाली जडिबुटीलाई विदेशी भूमिमा बेच्न र यसबाट प्राप्त सम्पत्तिलाई देशमा फिर्ता ल्याउन प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिएँ। उनी पैसा देश भित्र मात्र रहेको हेर्न चाहन्थे। उनले प्रसिद्ध भनाइमा उनले, &quot;प्रजा मोटो भए दरबार पनि बलियो रहन्छ&quot; भनेर बताएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=इतिहासलाई जोगाएर राख्नु पर्छ; मार्नु हुन्न|युआरएल=https://www.brtnepal.com/2019/01/09/74013.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्रिटनेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== रक्षा नीति ===

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले किल्लाहरू निर्माणमा जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनले नेपालको भूमिलाई भगवान आफैले बनाएको प्राकृतिक किल्लाको रूपमा लिएका थिएँ। उनले शिवपुरी, फूलचौकी, चन्द्रगिरी, महादेवपोखरी, पालुङ, डापाचा र काहुलेमा बलियो किल्ला तयार पार्न र प्रत्येकमा तोप राख्न सुझाव दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई के ले विजयी बनायो ?|युआरएल=https://www.dekhapadhi.com/news/5107|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=देखापढी अनलाइन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; भन्ज्याङमा फलामेका ढोकाहरू निर्माण गर्न र ती सबैमा तोपहरू तयारी अवस्थामा राख्ने गरि उनले निर्माण गराएका थिएँ जसमा उनले देशलाई जासूस, शरणार्थी, हत्यारा आदिबाट जोगाउने विश्वास गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=बडामहाराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको दिव्य उपदेश|last=आचार्य, बाबुराम|first=नरहरिनाथ, योगी|publisher=श्रीकृष्ण आचार्य|year=२०१४|isbn=978-99933-912-1-0|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=४,५}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== धार्मिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहमा धार्मिक श्रद्धा निकै रहेको थियो। यीनी काली र [[गोरखनाथ]]का उपासक थिए। यसकारण ले उनले आफ्ना छापमा आफ्नो नाम नलेखी कालीको नामान्तर भवानी र यिनको हतियार [[खड्ग]] राखिदिए। कालीका पूजामा सिन्दूरको प्रयोग हुने हुनाले यो छापमा लगाउँदा पनि सिन्दूरकै व्यवहार गर्ने नियम गरे। यस कारण यो छाप [[लालमोहर]] भन्ने नामले प्रसिद्ध भयो। राज्य भवानीको हो, संरक्षक मा हुँ भन्ने भावना यिनको मनमा थियो। यिनका उत्तराधिकारी महाराजहरूले पनि यस छापलाई आफ्नो छाप मानेर त्यस भावनालाई कायमै राखे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले चाँदीका टकमा एकापट्टि आफ्नो नाम राखेर अर्कापट्टि भवानी र गोरखनाथ को नाम समेत छपाउने नियम गरे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[हिन्दु धर्म|सनातन धर्म]]का पक्षपाती भए पनि [[बौद्ध धर्म]]को आदर गर्दथे। यिनले [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] दखल गरे पछी भोटका सक्य लामाले सिम्भु [[चैत्य]] मर्मत गर्न लाग्दा मेरुदण्डको लागि चाहिने अग्राखको लिङ्गो नुवाकोटबाट पथाइदिएका थिए। कीर्तिपुर दखल हुने बित्तिकै त्यहाँका चैत्यका निमित्त केही जमीन दाङ पनि दिए। सेसातका मल्ल राजाहरोका इष्टदेवता टावर वा [[तलेजु भवानी|तलेज्यूका]] पूजाआज्ञा पनि पूर्ववत् कायम राखे। नयाँ रियासत जितिएपछी त्यहाँका देवीदेवताका देवलहरू मर्मत गर्ने र यिनका आजापूजालाई [[गुठी]] जमिन बढाइदिने भारदारहरूको पहिलो काम हुन्थ्यो। यस काममा [[अमरसिंह थापा]] (बडा) विशेष प्रसिद्ध थिए.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=इतिहास शिरोमणी बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |issue=81 |pages=72 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008091759/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |date=2023-10-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==दिव्योपदेश==
{{Quote box
| quote = मेरा साना दुखले आर्ज्याको मुलुक होइन यो चार जात छात्तिस वर्णको साझा फूलबारी हो सबलाई चेतना भया।}}
{{मुख्य|दिव्योपदेश}}[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|श्री ५ बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] आफ्नो अन्तिम समयमा [[शेरा दरबार]] दिएका दिव्योपदेशका कारणले चर्चित छन्। उनका उपदेशहरू आजपनि समय सान्दर्भिक रहेको धेरैको बुझाइ रहेको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज कँडेल|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणका दिव्योपदेशको सान्दर्भिकता|युआरएल=https://gautambuddhasandesh.com/?p=7491|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

पृथ्वीनारायण नारायण शाहका अनुसार &quot;बुढाहरू मर्दा कोहि अर्ति दिन्छन्, पछिल्ला पुस्तालाई ती कुरा गतिला हुनाले एकले अर्कालाई भन्दै राज्य सञ्चालन गर्दै जान्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८५&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायणले आफ्नो अन्तिम समय तिर भारदारहरूलाई उपदेश दिएका दिए। उनका अन्तिम सन्देशहरूबाट त्यस्ता पेचिला र चोटिला कुराहरू झल्कन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चेतना भया|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/136753-1515644040.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== सन्तानहरू ==
[[File:Idols - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|thumb|Idols of PrithviNarayan Shah with his two wives]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |नाम
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |जन्म
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |विवाह
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |मृत्यु
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |बच्चाहरू
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |जीवनसाथी
!मिति
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[प्रतापसिंह शाह|युवराजाधिराज प्रतापसिंह]]
|५ बैशाख १८०८ 
|[[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी देवी]]''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|
|वि.सं. १८४२
|[[रणबहादुर शाह|युवराजाधिराज रणबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[विदुरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार विदुरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शेरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार शेरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[बहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार बहादुर]]
|वि.सं. १८१४ असार ६ 
|विद्या लक्ष्मी देवी
|
|वि.सं. १५ असार १८५४ 
|[[रिपू मर्दन शाह|अधिराजकुमार रिपू मर्दन]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शत्रु मन्जन शाह|अधिराजकुमार शत्रु मन्जन]]
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[विलासकुमारी|अधिराजकुमारी विलासकुमारी]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[रणभीम शाह]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |१७६६
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|
|-
|
|-
!चौतारिया रणसिंह शाह 
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== स्मारक ==

* [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग|पृथ्वी राज मार्ग]]
* पृथ्वी राजपथ
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[सिंहदरबार|सिंह दरबार]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर्]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक, [[चन्द्रागिरी डाँडा|चन्द्रागिरि]]
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, राष्ट्र बिभुती पार्क, पोखरा
* [[पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पस|पृथ्वी नारायण क्याम्पस]] , पोखरा
* पृथ्वी संग्राहलय
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, सिन्धुली गदी 

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
===उद्धरणहरू===
{{Reflist}}

===पुस्तकहरू===
* {{Cite web |last=दाहाल |first=पेशल |date=२०५७ |title=नेपालको इतिहास |url=https://archive.org/details/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/mode/2up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://ia802509.us.archive.org/23/items/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/Nepalko%20Itihas%20by%20Peshal%20Dahal_text.pdf |archive-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |access-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |publisher=एम. के. पब्लिशर्स एण्ड डिस्ट्रिब्यूटर्स|ref = {{harvid|दाहाल|२०५७}}}}


{{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}}
{{नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू}}
{{नेपालको शाह राजवंशको वंशवृक्ष}}
{{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[शाह वंश]]|२७ पुस|१७७९|१ माघ|१९३१}}
{{S-reg|}}
|-
{{succession box | before = [[नरभूपाल शाह]] | title = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखा]]का राजा | years = १७९९–१८३१| after = नेपालको राजाको रूपमा}}
{{succession box | before = गोरखाको राजाको रूपमा| title = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]] | years = १८३१–१८३४ | after = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]}}{{s-end}}

{{मूल_सर्ट:शाह, पृथ्वीनारायण}}
[[श्रेणी:विशाल नेपाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:पृथ्वीनारायण शाह| ]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:खस जाति]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखाका राजाहरू]]</text>
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{{Infobox royalty
| name         = पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| image        = Prithvi Narayan Shah.jpg
| caption      = श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| succession1  = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखाका  राजा]]
| succession   = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका  राजा]]
| predecessor1 = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| predecessor  = ''पद स्थापित''
| successor1   = ''पद खारेज''
| successor    = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]
| royal house  = [[शाह वंश]]
| house-type   = वंश
| father       = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| mother       = [[रानी कौसल्यावती|कौसल्यावती शाह]]
| issue        = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] &lt;br&gt; [[बहादुर शाह]] &lt;br/&gt; [[विलासकुमारी]] &lt;br&gt;रणसिंह शाह
| religion     = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]]
| birth_date   = १७७९ पुष २७&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=बाबुराम|last=आचार्य|title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको सङ्क्षिप्त जीवनी - भाग १  |page=४२|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_date   = १८३१ माघ १ (५२ वर्ष)&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign        = १८२५ असोज १० – १८३१ पुस २८
| reign1       = १७९९ चैत २१ – १८२५ असोज १०
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[इन्द्रकुमारी देवी]]|1794}}
*{{marriage|[[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी शाह]]|1796}}
}}
| birth_place  = [[गोरखा दरबार]]
| death_place  = [[देवीघाट]] [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]]
}}
'''श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' (वि.सं.१७७९-१८३१) शाहवंशीय राजा थिए। स-साना राज्यहरूमा बाँडिएका [[बाइसे राज्यहरू|बाईसे]] तथा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिसे]] राज्यहरूलाई एकत्रित गरेर एउटै देशको सृजना गर्ने यिनी आधुनिक नेपालको राष्ट्रनिर्माताको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कृष्णराज गौतम|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको सम्झनामा पुष २७ गते नेपालमा [[पृथ्वी जयन्ती|राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस]] मनाउने गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=योगी नरहरीनाथका दुर्लभ पुस्तक प्रदर्शनीमा राखिँदै|युआरएल=https://www.prasashan.com/2018/01/11/52650/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रशासन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपालमा बि.सं. २००७ साल सम्म [[राणा वंश|राणा शासन]] थियो भने [[सात सालको क्रान्ति]] पश्चात् नेपालमा आएको प्रजातन्त्र पश्चात् [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले नेपालमा राष्ट्रपिता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्मोत्सव मनाउनु पर्छ भनेर प्रक्रिया सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज गौतम|शीर्षक=राष्ट्रनायकको अठोट|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/168615-1547173560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स-साना क्षेत्र जस्तै (भिरकोट, कास्की, लम्जुङ, गोरखा) मा राज्य गरिरहेको शाहवंशलाई पुरै नेपालको राजवंशमा रूपान्तरण गर्दै आधुनिक नेपालको जग बसालेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=त्रिरत्न|last=मानन्धर|title=नेपालको एकीकरण|page=215|publisher=साझा प्रकाशन|location=काठमाडौँ|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले सुरू गरेको एकिकरण अभियान बढ्दै गएर नेपाल राज्यको सिमाना पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिष्टा नदी]], दक्षिणमा मगध र पश्चिममा [[सतलज नदी]] सम्म विस्तार भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=तुलसीराम वैद्य|शीर्षक=जसले नेपालको जग बसाए|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-09-23/20170923104348.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; बि.सं.१८७१ कात्तिक १८ गते सुरु भएको [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] पश्चात् गरिएको [[सुगौली सन्धि]] सम्म यो भू-भाग नेपालको अधिनमा रहेको थियो। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८३१ माघे सङ्क्रान्तिका दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को [[देवीघाट]]मा मृत्यु भए तापनि नेपाल एकिकरण अभियान जेठी बुहारी [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]], कान्छा छोरा [[बहादुर शाह]] लगायतले अगाडि बढाइ रहेका थिए।&lt;section begin=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt; नेपाल एकिकरण अभियानको पूर्णविराम चाहीँ उनको पनाती [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|राजा गिर्वाण युद्ध विक्रम शाह]]का पालामा भएको नेपाल-अङ्ग्रेज [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|युद्ध]] पछि भएको थियो। वि.सं. १८७३ सालमा [[सुगौली सन्धि|सुगौलीको सन्धि]] नहुञ्जेल सम्म पुरा ७२ वर्षसम्म एकीकरण अभियान चलेको थियो। बि.सं. २००९ सालदेखि [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले सरकारसँग समन्वय गरेर एउटा समारोह समिति गठन गरी आफै त्यो समितिमा बसेर '''राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस''' तथा '''[[पृथ्वी जयन्ती]]'''को रूपमा मनाउन प्रारम्भ गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-events/articles-events-prithibi-jayanti|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी जयन्ती / राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्म वि.सं. १७७९ पुष २७ गते बिहिबार [[गोरखा दरबार]]मा पिता [[नरभूपाल शाह]] आमा [[रानी कौसल्यावती]]को कोखमा भएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} शाहको हेरविचार महारानी [[चन्द्रप्रभावती]]ले गरेकी थिइन् र सुरूदेखि नै उनलाई [[रामायण]], [[महाभारत]] र पछि गएर शुक्रनीतिको ज्ञान दिइएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} धनुवाण, [[तरबार]], [[घोडसवारी]] दौड आदिमा पनि उनी निपूर्ण भएको मानिन्छ।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}}

उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] की राजकुमारी इन्द्रकुमारीसॅंग भएको थियो। गोरखा र मकवानपुरबीच ओहोर दोहोर गर्नु पर्दा उपत्यकाको भू-बनोट र त्यहाँको आर्थिक अवस्थालाई उनले राम्रोसँग नियालेका थिए। सो समयमा गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएन। त्यसैकारणले उनले अन्नपातले सम्पन्न र उन्नतिशील काठमाडौँ उपत्यकालाई विजय गर्ने मनसाय बनाइसकेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, राष्ट्रियता र समावेशी संस्कार|url=http://setopati.com/blog/22658/|accessdate=27 January 2015|publisher=सेतोपाटी|quote=अनुसन्धानकर्ता इतिहासकारहरूले भन्छन्, “गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएँन।” त्यसैकारणले राजाको मात्र होइन गोरखाली जनताको पनि राज्य विस्तार गर्ने चाहना थियो। यो कुरा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको उपदेशमा लेखिएको, “यी ३ नै देश (काठमाडौँ, पाटन, भक्तपुर) को राजा हुन पाया त हुँदो हो।” भन्ने उनको भनाइबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ।}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118062029/http://setopati.com/blog/22658/ |date=18 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ आएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गोरखा दरबारको तर्फबाट ल्याएका पगरी [[भक्तपुर जिल्ला|भक्तपुर]]का राजा रणजित मल्ललाई दिए भने त्यसको कदरस्वरूप रणजित मल्लले राजकुमार वीरनरसिंह मल्लसँग उनको मितेरी लगाई दरबारमा स-सम्मान लामो अवधिसम्म राखेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : उत्तरबाट सुन किन्थे, दक्षिणबाट चाँदी, यस्तो थियो रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.bizshala.com/story/-2786|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बिजशाला|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; गोरखा फर्किदा चाँगुनारायण, पशुपति र गुहेश्वरी पशुपतिनाथको दर्शन गर्न गएको कुरा थाहा पाई काठमाडौँका राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले उनलाई दरबारमा ल्याई उनीसँग मितेरी लगाएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मितेरी साइनोको मूल्य|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/58672|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[चित्र:Idols_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg|thumb|पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र उनका दुई रानीको शालिक, यो शालिक [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरवारमा]] रहेको छ।]]
उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]]का राजा [[हेमकर्ण सेन]]की छोरी इन्द्रकुमारी सँग वि.सं. १७९४ मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=निष्णु थिङ|शीर्षक=विवाहको राजनीति|युआरएल=https://www.indigenousvoice.com/1058.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; मकवानपुर त्यसबेलाको एक शक्तिशाली राज्य भएकाले त्यससँग नाता जोडेर राजनीतिक लाभ लिने उद्देश्यले यो विवाह भएको थियो तर पछि [[हेमकर्ण सेन]] ले असमर्थता जनाएका थिएँ। उनको दोस्रो विवाह [[बनारस|काशी]]का [[अभिमानसिंह राजपुत]]की छोरी [[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]सँग भएको थियो। नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मीबाट [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] र [[बहादुर शाह]]को जन्म भएको थियो। मितबुवा [[रणजित मल्ल]]ले  वि.सं. १८०३ मा आफ्नो दरबारमा पाहुना भएर बसेको समय मितछोरा गोरखाली राजा पृथ्वीनारायणलाई उनको सेवासुसारका लागि नेवार जातिकी मैजुकन्या ‘उपहार’ दिएका हुन्। पृथ्वीनारायण नुवाकोट आएपछि ती मैजुकन्या उनको भित्रिनी (उपरानी) बनिन्। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी यी नेवार भित्रिनीतिरबाट एक छोराको जन्म भएको थियो। उनको नाम नरसिंह (रणसिंह) थियो। उनी [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]को राज्यकालमा दरबारका एक [[चौतारिया|चौतरिया]] थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=किन ओझेलमा पारिइन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी नेवार रानी? |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20230609-queen-of-prithbinarayan-shaha/7511 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Ukaalo |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== शासनकाल ==
वि.सं. १७९९ मा राजा [[नरभूपाल शाह]]को मृत्यू भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण २० वर्षको उमेरमा गोरखाका राजा भएका थिएँ। उनले प्रचलित नियम अनुसार आफू राज-सिंहासनमा रहने बित्तिकै माहिला भाइ महिद्दाम्कीर्ति शाहलाई चौतारा पदवी दिएका थिएँ।  आफ्ना मुख्यमन्त्री र सेनापति भर्ना गर्नलाई यस अघिका काजी विराज थापा बूढा भैसकेका हुनाले एक योग्य नवयुवकको खोजी गरिरहेका थिएँ। गोरखाका रैतीले [[भीमराज पाँडे]]का छोरा [[कालु पाँडे]] रोजेका र यिनले [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजासँग चलाखीका साथ सन्धी गरी राजनीतिमा योग्यता देखाएका हुनाले यिनैलाई कज्याईँ दिई मुख्यमन्त्री बनाएका थिएँ।  

राजा हुनुअगावै उनले वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको राजनीतिक रहनसहन राम्रोसँग अध्ययन गरिसकेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको काठमाडौँ उपत्यका र पूर्वी क्षेत्र विजय गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले आफ्ना प्रवल विरोधी शक्ति [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजा रिपुमर्दन शाहसंग वि.स. १७९९ मा एक सन्धि गरेका थिई जस अनुसार दुवै राज्यवीच मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गर्ने [[कास्की राज्य|कास्की]]को अर्घामाथि कब्जा गर्न सफल भएमा त्यहाँको काठ कास्कीलाई दिने आदि शर्तमा उल्लेख थियो। 

===दोस्रो नुवाकोट आक्रमण ===
पिता नरभूपालको एकीकरणको सपना साकार पार्न वि.सं. १८०० मा [[विराज थापा मगर]] र [[महेश्वर पन्त]]को नेतृत्वमा उनले नुवाकोट आक्रमण गराएका थिएँ तर नुवाकोटबाट गोर्खालीहरूले पराजयको सामना गर्नु परेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== काशी यात्रा ===
नुवाकोटको युद्धमा पराजयको सामना गर्नुपरेकाले आवश्यक हातहतियारहरू सङ्कलनार्थ  '''पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' वनारस पुगेका थिएँ।  उनले काशी जाँदा शासनको बागडोर जेठी आमा चन्द्रप्रभाका हातमा छोडेका थिएँ। पिता नरभूपालले  पुण्य प्राप्त गरून् भनी काशीको यात्रा गरी आफ्नो [[भारद्वाज गोत्र|भारद्वाज]] गोत्रबाट काश्यप गोत्रमा [[गोत्र]] परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन गोत्र परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले?|युआरएल=https://www.nepalipublic.com/news/4766|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाली पब्लिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; सोहि बेलामा तिर्थ गर्न भनी गएका जाजरकोटका राजा हरी शाहसँग उनले राज्य विस्तार गर्दा गोरखा र जाजरकोटले एक अर्कालाई वाधा र कुभलो नचिताउने कुराहरू बारे सन्धि गरेका थिएँ।

===नुवाकोट आक्रमण तथा विजय ===
दोस्रो पटक पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८०१ मा [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]को सेनापतित्वमा नुवाकोटमाथि हमला गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आधुनिक नेपाल राष्ट्रनिर्माणमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको भूमिका !|युआरएल=https://www.bidharthi.com/content/118|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=विद्यार्थी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस पटक गोर्खाका १२-२० वर्षसम्मका सबै युवाहरूलाई सशस्त्र तयारी गरीएको थियो भने सैनिकहरूको सङ्ख्या १ हजार भन्दा माथि थियो। यी मध्ये केही सैनिक खेतालाहरूको रूपमा नुवाकोट पुराइएको थियो। तत्पश्चात कालु पाँडेले नुवाकोट रक्षा तैनाथ रहेका जयन्त रानालाई गोर्खामा मिल्नु बाहेक उनको लागि अन्य भलाइ नभएको पत्र पठाएका थिए। तर जयन्त रानाले काठमाडौँ पुगी गोर्खालीहरूबाट सम्भावित आक्रमणको जानकारी दिँदै थप सैनिक र हातहतियार माग गरेका थिएँ। तर उपत्यकामा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को चहलपहल रहेकाले [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले जयन्त राणाको मागको उपेक्षा गरेका थिएँ। जयन्त रानाको छोरा शङ्खमणी राणाले नुवाकोटको सुरक्षामा तैनाथ रहेकको समयमा गोरखाबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, दलदर्मन शाह, चौतारा विष्णु शाह, काजी [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]] आदिले नुवाकोटलाई घेरा हाली एकैपटक आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। [[दलमर्दन शाह]]को हातबाट शखमणी राणाको मृत्यु भयो र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नुवाकोटमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

नुवाकोटमा गोरखालीहरूको कब्जा भएकाले नुवाकोटका सिपाहीहरू भागि वेलकोटमा अड्डा जमाई बसेकाले कालु पाँडेको तत्काल हमला नगर्ने सल्लाहलाई उपेक्षा गरी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वेलकोटमा हमला गरेका थिए। [[जयन्त राना]] यहाँ पक्राउ परेका थिए।

==नेपाल एकिकरणको प्रयत्न==
[[चित्र:Prithvinarayanshah.jpg|thumb|राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नेपाल एकीकरणको महायात्रा सुरू गरी र कैयौँ स्थानलाई नेपाल राष्ट्रमा गाभेर ४ जात र ३६ वर्णको साझा फूलबारीको सृष्टि गरेका थिएँ&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चार जात छत्तीस वर्णको नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.nepaltoday.com.np/home/politics_detail?id=4967|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;। पृथ्वीनारायणको उद्देश्यलाई युगको मागका रूपमा इतिहासकारहरूले हेरेका छन्। तत्कालीन बाइसे र चौबिसे राज्यहरू, उपत्यकाका विभाजित मल्ल राज्यहरू, पूर्वका किराँत र लिम्बूवान क्षेत्रहरू सबैतिर एउटा सशक्त राष्ट्रवादी शक्तिको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको थियो, जसको स्थान पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पाएका थिएँ।

===तनहुँमाथिको आक्रमण===
नुवाकोट र वेलकोटको विजयपछि गोरखालीहरूले लामीडाँडामा कब्जा गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहः जस्ले नेपालको यसरी एकिकरण गरेका थिएँ|युआरएल=https://www.maipokharinews.com/2020/01/pirthivi-naryan.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तर तनहुँद्वारा लामीडाँडा कब्जा गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले [[तनहुँ राज्य|तनहुँ]] र गोरखालीहरूबीच भिडन्तको सम्भावना बढेको थियो। तर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गुरु गौरेश्वर पन्तलाई पठाई तनहुँको राजा सॅंग सन्धि गर्ने भन्ने खबर पठाएकाले तनहुँका राजा त्रिविक्रम सेनविच केही समय वार्तालाप भएपछि निर्धारित समयानुसार तिरमा लुकी बसेमा गोर्खाली सैनिकहरूले त्रिविक्रम सेनलाई बन्दी बनाई छोटो समयका लागि तनहुँमाथि कब्जा गरेका थिएँ। यस प्रकारको कामबाट लमजुङ, कास्की, पर्वत आदि क्रुद्ध हुने सम्भावना भएकाले वि.स. १८१० मा [[तनहुँ राज्य#त्रिविक्रम सेन द्वितीय|त्रिविक्रम सेन]]लाई मुक्त गरेका थिएँ। वि.स. १८१२ मा गोर्खाली सैनिकले लमजुङ र तनहुँका संयुक्त फौजसँग युद्ध गर्न परेको थियो। यस युद्धमा गोर्खाले ठुलो जनधनको क्षति बेहोर्न परेको थियो। तर पनि नालदुम, दहचोक, महादेव पोखरी, सिरानचोकको साथै कुलेखानि, इपा, माल्टा आदिमा कब्जा भएकाले गोरखाको सिमाना मकवानपुरसम्म पुग्यो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===किर्तिपुरमाथि पहिलो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८१४ मा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले कीर्तिपुरमा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=जोगी पाल्न गरिबलाई दस्तुर|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/162040|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यसमा गोरखाको तर्फ १२०० सैनिक थिएँ। तर कीर्तिपुरले काठमाडौँ, ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका सैनिक समेत सहयोग मागेकाले किर्तिपुरतर्फ ३०० जति सैनिक थिएँ। यी दुईपक्षवीच बल्खु खोलामा ६ घन्टासम्म लडाइँ हुँदा धेरै गोरखालीहरूले [[वीरगति]] प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ। किर्तिपुरको कब्जामा परेका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह राजवध गर्न नहुने नैतिक नियमको कारणले मात्र यहाँ बाचेका थिएँ। 
कीर्तिपुरको पहिलो युद्धमा विरगती प्राप्त गरेका काजी [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]का ठाउँमा उनको छोरा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]]लाई र सेनापति पदमा [[शिवरामसिंह बस्न्यात|शिवराम सिंह बस्न्यात]]का छोरा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]लाई नियुक्त गरी सैनिक पुनर्गठन गर्ने अभिभारा सुम्पिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कालु पाँडेको बलिदानको इतिहासलाई स्मरण गर्नुपर्ने|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/47626|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; वि.स. १८१६ मा शिवपुरी र काभ्रेमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।

===मकवानपुर विजय===
वि.स. १८१९ को भदौ महिनामा [[वंशराज पाँडे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]ले सङ्गठन गरेको सैनिक साथै [[महोद्दामकिर्ति शाह]], [[दलमर्दन शाह]], [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]], नन्दु शाह, [[दलजित शाह]]हरूका साथ पठाएको ठुलो सङ्ख्यामा [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]मा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। यहा १० घन्टासम्म लडाइँ चलेको थियो र अन्तत: दिग्वन्ध्न सेनले आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ। &lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मकवानपुरगढी र पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://sadrishya.com/2021/01/11/858/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===गोरखा माथि आक्रमण ===
वि.स. १८२० मा दिग्वन्धन सेनलाई मद्धत गर्ने निहुमा [[तनहुँ जिल्ला|तनहुँ]]का राजा त्रिविक्रम सेन, [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को राजा [[मुकुन्द सेन]] तृतीय, [[कास्की जिल्ला|कास्की]]का राजा सिद्धिनारायण शाहको संयुक्त सैनिकले गोरखाको अधिनमा रहेको हर्मी, भिरकोट, धापकोट, चवाङ्गली, धौराली, लकान्कोटमाथि आक्रमण गरी लुटपाट गरेका थिएँ।

===किीर्तिपुरमाथि दोस्रो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८२१ को भदौ महिनामा शुरप्रताप शाह, दलजित शाह र श्री हर्ष पन्तको नेतृत्वमा किर्तिपुर माथि दोस्रो आक्रमण भएको थियो। यस युद्धमा पनि कीर्तिपुरलाई पहिले जस्तै उपत्यकाबाट सैनिक सहयोग प्राप्त नभए पनि किर्तिपुरका जनताले गोर्खाली सैनिकलाई गोपुर किल्ला तोडी किर्तिपुरमा प्रवेश गर्ने मौका दिएनन्। यस युद्धमा कीर्तिपुरद्वारा निसाना लगाइएको तिरबाट शुरप्रतापको आँखा फुट्नुका साथै अन्य केही फौज फर्कन वाध्य भएका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=परिचय&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी नारायण शाहः एक सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय|युआरएल=https://www.localsandesh.com/2018/01/11/3949/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो आक्रमण===
किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो पटकको युद्धको नेतृत्व काजी वंशराज पाडेले लिएका थिएँ। उनले चारैतिरबाट गोपुर किल्लालाई घेरी खेतालाका रूपमा केही सैनिक कीर्तिपुर पठाएका थिएँ। त्यसबखत किर्तिपुरमा धान भित्राउने समय परेकाले वंशराज कीर्तिपुरेहरूलाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गर्न भनेका थिएँ। यो युद्धमा किर्तिपुरलाई छिमेकी राज्यहरूबाट सैनिक सहयोग भएको थिएँन। वि.स. १८२२ चैत ३ गते धनवन्त काजीले गोपुर किल्लामा आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र कीर्तिपुर|युआरएल=https://www.ghatanarabichar.com/83071?amp_markup=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घटना र विचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===सल्यानसँगको सम्बन्ध===
वि.स १८२३ मा सल्यानी राजा श्रीकृष्ण शाहका छोरा रणभिम शाहसँग आफ्ना छोरी विलासकुमारीको विवाह गराई मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गरेका थिएँ। छिल्ली, दाङ, देउखरीलाई दाइजोको रूपमा दिएका थिएँ।

==काठमाडौँ उपत्यका माथिको आक्रमण==
किर्तिपुर गोर्खाको कब्जामा पर्न गएका निकट भविष्यमै उपत्यकामा आक्रमण सम्भावना भएकाले जयप्रकाश मल्लले ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाहरूसँग वैठक गरी गोर्खा सैनिकको विरुद्ध सशक्त सैनिक अभियान गर्नुपर्ने विचार व्यक्त गरेका थिएँ। तर ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाले अनुकुल प्रतिक्रिया नजनाएकाको र गोर्खालीको पहिलो आक्रमण कान्तिपुरमै हुनेछ भन्ने ठानी [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले अङ्ग्रेजहरूसँग सैनिक तथा हातहतियारको सहयोग मागेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]लाई सहयोग गर्न वि.स. १८२३ मा किनलकको नेतृत्वमा २४०० सैनिक पूर्वी नेपालको [[सिन्धुलीगढी]] हुँदै काठमाडौँ तिर बढेको थियो। यो कुराको जानकारी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई पहिले नै भएकाले [[सिन्धुलीगढी]]को रक्षार्थ बिरभद्र पाँडे र वीरभद्र उपाध्याय र वंशु गुरुङको समूह ढुङ्गेवासमाथि आइपुग्दा वंशु गुरुङले प्रत्यासित रूपमा चढाई गरे भने अघि बढीसकेको फौजमाथि वंशराज र वीरभद्र उपाध्यायको फौजले पौवागढीमा आक्रमण गरेकाले सारा अङ्ग्रेज फौज आफुसँग रहेको हातहतियार र बन्दुकहरू छाडी आफ्नो प्राण बचाउन जङ्गलतर्फ भागाभाग गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह आफैंले ‘अपरेसन’ गरेको त्यो युद्ध रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.khabarhub.com/2019/20/66036/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=खबरहब|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===कान्तिपुरमाथि आक्रमण===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उपत्यकालाई चारैतर्फबाट घेरी नाकाबन्दी गरेकाले उपत्यकामा चरम आर्थिक सङ्कट छाएको थियो। त्यसमा पनि काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल कठोर विचार, घमण्डी र संकालु प्रवृतिका भएकाले रानी र भारदारहरू रिसाई उनलाई पदच्युत गरी उनका छोरा राज्यप्रकाश शाहलाई राजा बनाएका थिएँ। तर पछि उनले पुन: आफ्नो सत्ता प्राप्त गरे तर उनलाई आफ्नो छोरा, रानी र भारदारहरूको सहानुभूति प्राप्त भएन। आफ्नो शक्ति कायम राख्न विदेशी सैनिक झिकाई देवी देवताको गुठि मासेकाले धर्मप्राण नेपाली जनता क्षुब्ध भएका थिएँ भने विदेशी सैनिकलाई बढी तलब समेत दिने गरेकाले कान्तिपुरका सैनिकमा निराशा उत्पन्न भएको थियो। 
===ललितपुरको पतन===
यस्तो स्थति बुझेर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.स. १८२५ असोज १३ मा [[इन्द्रजात्रा|इन्द्र जात्रा]]को समय पारि नरदेवी, टुडिखेल र भिमसेनस्थान गरी ३ तर्फबाट आक्रमण गरी कान्तिपुर माथि विजय गरेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]] भागेर ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिह मल्लका गई शरण लिएका थिएँ। 
वि. स. १८२५ असोज २५ गते पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले धनवन्त र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]लाई ललितपुर पठाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गराउन पठाएका थिएँ। पाटनका राजा विना कुनै युद्ध भागेका थिएँ। 

===भक्तपुर विजय===
{{मुख्य|भक्तपुरको युद्ध}}
काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल र ललितपुरका राजा [[तेज नरसिंह मल्ल|तेजनरसिह मल्ल]] भागेर भक्तपुरका राजा [[रणजित मल्ल|रणजित मल्ल]]को शरणमा पुगेका थिएँ। राजा रणजित मल्लले आत्मासम्पर्णको सट्टा छिमेकी राज्य र अङ्ग्रेजसँग समेत सीक सहयोग मागेकाले अनावश्यक ढिलासुस्ती गर्न झुने सम्झी भक्तपुर माथि आक्रमण गर्न वंशराज पाण्डे, कहरसिंह बस्न्यात, रामकृष्ण कुँवर, अमरसिंंह थापा, कालीदास खड्का आदिका साथ १५०० सशस्त्र फौज पठाएका थिएँ। भक्तपुरमा युद्ध भयो जसमा ठुलो जनधनको क्षति भएको थियो। झन्डै २००० भन्दा बढीको मृत्यु र ५०० भन्दा बढी घर ध्वस्त भएको थियो। हार स्वरूप वि.स. १८२६ मङ्सिर १ गते रणजित मल्लले आत्मसमर्पण गरे। यसै युद्धमा जयप्रकाश मल्लको खुट्टामा गोलि लागेको थियो। उनको इच्छा अनुसार पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उनलाई पशुपति जाने व्यवस्था मिलाई दिएका थिएँ ६७ वर्षीय वयोवृद्ध मितबाबु रणजित मल्लले इच्छा बमोजिम उनलाई काशीबासको उचित व्यवस्था मिलाएका थिएँ। त्यहाँ पुगेको १८ महिना पछि उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो। ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिंह मल्लले कुनै इच्छा व्यक्त नगरेकाले उनलाई आजीवन भक्तपुर दरबारमा कैद गरिएको थियो।

==चौबिसे राज्यमाथि आक्रमण==
उपत्यकाका तिनैवटा शहरमा अधिकार कायम भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पश्चिममा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिस राज्य]] विजय गर्न वि.स. १८२८ मा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]को नेतृत्वमा पठाएको फौज र चौविस राज्यका संयुक्त फौजबीच वि.स. १८२८ मा घमासान युद्ध भएको थियो। १६ घण्टाको अविरल युद्ध हुँदा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]सहित ५०० भन्दा बढी गोर्खालीले वीरगत प्राप्त गर्नुका साथै [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]], प्रभु मल्ल जस्ता सेनापतिहरू पनि शत्रुको कब्जामा पर्न गएकाले रणवीर पाँडे र प्रभु मल्लले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुलाई बुझाई बाँकी सैनिक लिई निराश भई पराजित अवस्थामा काठमाडौँ पुगेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुपक्षलाई सम्पर्ण गर्नेहरूको जागिर समाप्ति गरी बन्दुक मोल बापत ६० रुपैयाँ लिएका थिएँ। यो पराजयले गोर्खालीहरूको महत्त्वकांक्ष, मान, प्रतिष्ठामा चोट लागेको थियो भने शत्रुहरूमा गोर्खा विरुद्ध कडा मुकाविला गरेमा विजय हुन् सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रतिरक्षात्मक भावना जागृत गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास वैधानिकताको प्रश्न|युआरएल=https://nayayougbodh.com/opinion/2020/01/12/968429|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=युगबोध राष्ट्रिय दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==पूर्व सेन राज्यसँग युद्ध ==
१८२८;भदौ १३ मा [[रामकृष्ण कुँवर]]लाई पलञ्चोकबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पूर्वतर्फ विस्तार गुर्न सेनापति बनाए। अमरसिंह थापालाई उनका नायब गराई २६००सिपाहीसाथ पहाडैपहाड ओल्लो किरातबाट कूच गराए। त्यो नेपाली सेनाले दूधकोसी नदी तरी चौदण्डी दाखिल हुँदा त्रिलोचन उपाध्याय र हरिनन्द उपाध्याय पोखरेलले टूलो सहयोग गरे। खम्बूसेना र नेपाकी (गोर्खा) सेना बीच हलेसी, रावा, दिङ्ला, माझकिरात क्षेत्रमा झडपह्ग्रू भए। किरातका विषालु धनुकाणको मारले नेपाली सेना आक्रान्त भए तापन विजय नेपालकै भयो। बिसं १८२९ माघ भरमा माझकिरातमा नेपालको अधिकार भयि। पहाडी भाग मात्र त्यहाँसम्म दखल भएको हुँदा तलहट्टीमा पनि विजय गर्नुपर्ने स्थिति देखा परुओ। मुख्य काथिनता पहाडी भागमा नै पर्थ्यो, त्यो दखल भयो। 

तराईको भूभागलाई कब्जा गर्न बख्सी अभिम्क्सनसिंह बस्न्यातलाई खटाई पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले अङ्ग्रेज गभर्नर वारेन हेस्ट्ङ्सलाई पत्र लेखे। बि.सं १८३० जेठ मा लेखेको पत्रमा विजयपुरका राजा कामदत्त सेन आफ्ना दाजु हुनाले निजको हत्या दिवान बुद्धिकर्ण राईले गरेकाले निजको बदला लिन सेबा पठाएकाले अङ्ग्रेज सरकारले बुद्धिकर्णलाई सहयोग नगर्ने अनुरोधका साय्है त्यताको रैरकम के गर्नुपर्ने हो आफूले मिलाउने कुरा पनि उल्लेख गरिएको थियो। त्यस पत्रको आशय अङ्ग्रेजले विरोधीलाई साय्ह नदिउन् भन्ने थियो।

==मृत्यु==
[[चित्र:विदुर नगरपालिका वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[विदुर नगरपालिका]] वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ ]]
वि.सं. १८३१ (सन् १७७४) मङ्सिरको मध्यतिर जाडो छल्न नुवाकोट गएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरबार]]मा बिमारी परेका थिएँ। स्वास्थ्य झन्-झन् खराब हुँदै गएपछि उनैको इच्छाअनुसार त्यहाँको [[देवीघाट]] लगिएको थियो। नौ दिनसम्म घाटमै रही माघ १ गते बिहान सात बजे उनको निधन भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; कतै कतै सिकार खेल्न गएको बेलामा बाघको आक्रमणमा परी गहिरो चोट परी घाइते भएको हिँदा मृत्यु भएको समेत उल्लेख छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सञ्जीवन महर्जन|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु|युआरएल=https://saptahik.com.np/history/2016/03/30/20160330121932|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=साप्ताहिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; घाटमै राखिएको बेला उनले नेपालको भूराजनीतिक अवस्था, सामाजिक जीवन, प्रतिरक्षा र विकासका सन्दर्भमा उपदेशहरू दिएका थिएँ, जसलाई '[[दिव्योपदेश]]' समेत भनिन्छ। &lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112022040/http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html |date=2015-01-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;नेपाल दुई ढुङ्गाबीचको तरुल जस्तो रहेछ। दक्षिणको बादशाह महाचतुर रहेछ। जाइकटक नगर्नु, झिकी कटक गर्नु। नेपाल चार वर्ण, छत्तिस जातको साझा फूलबारी हो।&quot; इत्यादि सान्दर्भिक उपदेशहरू पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=विजयका पर्याय पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2021/01/04/373489/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[माघे सङ्क्रान्ति]]का दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा उकुच र ठेउला आएर नुवाकोट जिल्लामा पर्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी|त्रिशुली]] र तादी नदीको सङ्गम 'मोहन तिर्थ' वा [[देवीघाट]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;

== नीति ==

=== आर्थिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आर्थिक समृद्धिका बारेमा पनि धेरै कुरा व्यक्त गरेका छन्। मुलुक गरिब भयो भने सुरक्षित रहन सक्दैन भन्ने उनको मान्यता रहेको थियो। सरकारले कर उठाउनका लागि कसैलाई ठेक्का नदिइकन आफैँले सो कार्य गर्नु पर्छ भन्ने उनले धारणा रहेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=  डा. जयराज आचार्य|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको परराष्ट्र नीतिका पञ्चतत्व|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/651810|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तात्कालिक समयमा, उनले पूर्व र पश्चिमको बाटोहरू बन्द गर्दै काठमाडौँसम्मको यातायातको बाटो खुलाउने इच्छा राखेका थिएँ।
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनको कृति दिव्योपदेशमा उनले विदेशी व्यापारीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गरेभने यसलाई मरुभूमि बनाएर छोड्ने धारणामा रहेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणः राष्ट्रनिर्माता कि विस्तारवादका नाइके ?|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/74048|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस्तै सन्दर्भमा उनले विदेशी कपडा लगाउनलाई बहिष्कार गर्ने सल्लाह दिएका थिएँ र स्थानीय मानिसहरूलाई कपडा बुन्न प्रशिक्षण समेत दिएका थिएँ। स्थानीय सम्पत्ति देशबाट बाहिर जान नहुने उनको विश्वास रहेको थियो। उनले नेपाली जडिबुटीलाई विदेशी भूमिमा बेच्न र यसबाट प्राप्त सम्पत्तिलाई देशमा फिर्ता ल्याउन प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिएँ। उनी पैसा देश भित्र मात्र रहेको हेर्न चाहन्थे। उनले प्रसिद्ध भनाइमा उनले, &quot;प्रजा मोटो भए दरबार पनि बलियो रहन्छ&quot; भनेर बताएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=इतिहासलाई जोगाएर राख्नु पर्छ; मार्नु हुन्न|युआरएल=https://www.brtnepal.com/2019/01/09/74013.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्रिटनेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== रक्षा नीति ===

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले किल्लाहरू निर्माणमा जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनले नेपालको भूमिलाई भगवान आफैले बनाएको प्राकृतिक किल्लाको रूपमा लिएका थिएँ। उनले शिवपुरी, फूलचौकी, चन्द्रगिरी, महादेवपोखरी, पालुङ, डापाचा र काहुलेमा बलियो किल्ला तयार पार्न र प्रत्येकमा तोप राख्न सुझाव दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई के ले विजयी बनायो ?|युआरएल=https://www.dekhapadhi.com/news/5107|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=देखापढी अनलाइन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; भन्ज्याङमा फलामेका ढोकाहरू निर्माण गर्न र ती सबैमा तोपहरू तयारी अवस्थामा राख्ने गरि उनले निर्माण गराएका थिएँ जसमा उनले देशलाई जासूस, शरणार्थी, हत्यारा आदिबाट जोगाउने विश्वास गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=बडामहाराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको दिव्य उपदेश|last=आचार्य, बाबुराम|first=नरहरिनाथ, योगी|publisher=श्रीकृष्ण आचार्य|year=२०१४|isbn=978-99933-912-1-0|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=४,५}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== धार्मिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहमा धार्मिक श्रद्धा निकै रहेको थियो। यीनी काली र [[गोरखनाथ]]का उपासक थिए। यसकारण ले उनले आफ्ना छापमा आफ्नो नाम नलेखी कालीको नामान्तर भवानी र यिनको हतियार [[खड्ग]] राखिदिए। कालीका पूजामा सिन्दूरको प्रयोग हुने हुनाले यो छापमा लगाउँदा पनि सिन्दूरकै व्यवहार गर्ने नियम गरे। यस कारण यो छाप [[लालमोहर]] भन्ने नामले प्रसिद्ध भयो। राज्य भवानीको हो, संरक्षक मा हुँ भन्ने भावना यिनको मनमा थियो। यिनका उत्तराधिकारी महाराजहरूले पनि यस छापलाई आफ्नो छाप मानेर त्यस भावनालाई कायमै राखे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले चाँदीका टकमा एकापट्टि आफ्नो नाम राखेर अर्कापट्टि भवानी र गोरखनाथ को नाम समेत छपाउने नियम गरे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[हिन्दु धर्म|सनातन धर्म]]का पक्षपाती भए पनि [[बौद्ध धर्म]]को आदर गर्दथे। यिनले [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] दखल गरे पछी भोटका सक्य लामाले सिम्भु [[चैत्य]] मर्मत गर्न लाग्दा मेरुदण्डको लागि चाहिने अग्राखको लिङ्गो नुवाकोटबाट पथाइदिएका थिए। कीर्तिपुर दखल हुने बित्तिकै त्यहाँका चैत्यका निमित्त केही जमीन दाङ पनि दिए। सेसातका मल्ल राजाहरोका इष्टदेवता टावर वा [[तलेजु भवानी|तलेज्यूका]] पूजाआज्ञा पनि पूर्ववत् कायम राखे। नयाँ रियासत जितिएपछी त्यहाँका देवीदेवताका देवलहरू मर्मत गर्ने र यिनका आजापूजालाई [[गुठी]] जमिन बढाइदिने भारदारहरूको पहिलो काम हुन्थ्यो। यस काममा [[अमरसिंह थापा]] (बडा) विशेष प्रसिद्ध थिए.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=इतिहास शिरोमणी बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |issue=81 |pages=72 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008091759/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |date=2023-10-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==दिव्योपदेश==
{{Quote box
| quote = मेरा साना दुखले आर्ज्याको मुलुक होइन यो चार जात छात्तिस वर्णको साझा फूलबारी हो सबलाई चेतना भया।}}
{{मुख्य|दिव्योपदेश}}[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|श्री ५ बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] आफ्नो अन्तिम समयमा [[शेरा दरबार]] दिएका दिव्योपदेशका कारणले चर्चित छन्। उनका उपदेशहरू आजपनि समय सान्दर्भिक रहेको धेरैको बुझाइ रहेको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज कँडेल|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणका दिव्योपदेशको सान्दर्भिकता|युआरएल=https://gautambuddhasandesh.com/?p=7491|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

पृथ्वीनारायण नारायण शाहका अनुसार &quot;बुढाहरू मर्दा कोहि अर्ति दिन्छन्, पछिल्ला पुस्तालाई ती कुरा गतिला हुनाले एकले अर्कालाई भन्दै राज्य सञ्चालन गर्दै जान्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८५&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायणले आफ्नो अन्तिम समय तिर भारदारहरूलाई उपदेश दिएका दिए। उनका अन्तिम सन्देशहरूबाट त्यस्ता पेचिला र चोटिला कुराहरू झल्कन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चेतना भया|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/136753-1515644040.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== सन्तानहरू ==
[[File:Idols - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|thumb|Idols of PrithviNarayan Shah with his two wives]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |नाम
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |जन्म
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |विवाह
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |मृत्यु
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |बच्चाहरू
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |जीवनसाथी
!मिति
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[प्रतापसिंह शाह|युवराजाधिराज प्रतापसिंह]]
|५ बैशाख १८०८ 
|[[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी देवी]]''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|
|वि.सं. १८४२
|[[रणबहादुर शाह|युवराजाधिराज रणबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[विदुरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार विदुरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शेरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार शेरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[बहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार बहादुर]]
|वि.सं. १८१४ असार ६ 
|विद्या लक्ष्मी देवी
|
|वि.सं. १५ असार १८५४ 
|[[रिपू मर्दन शाह|अधिराजकुमार रिपू मर्दन]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शत्रु मन्जन शाह|अधिराजकुमार शत्रु मन्जन]]
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[विलासकुमारी|अधिराजकुमारी विलासकुमारी]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[रणभीम शाह]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |१७६६
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|
|-
|
|-
!चौतारिया रणसिंह शाह 
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== स्मारक ==

* [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग|पृथ्वी राज मार्ग]]
* पृथ्वी राजपथ
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[सिंहदरबार|सिंह दरबार]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर्]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक, [[चन्द्रागिरी डाँडा|चन्द्रागिरि]]
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, राष्ट्र बिभुती पार्क, पोखरा
* [[पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पस|पृथ्वी नारायण क्याम्पस]] , पोखरा
* पृथ्वी संग्राहलय
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, सिन्धुली गदी 

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
===उद्धरणहरू===
{{Reflist}}

===पुस्तकहरू===
* {{Cite web |last=दाहाल |first=पेशल |date=२०५७ |title=नेपालको इतिहास |url=https://archive.org/details/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/mode/2up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://ia802509.us.archive.org/23/items/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/Nepalko%20Itihas%20by%20Peshal%20Dahal_text.pdf |archive-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |access-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |publisher=एम. के. पब्लिशर्स एण्ड डिस्ट्रिब्यूटर्स|ref = {{harvid|दाहाल|२०५७}}}}


{{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}}
{{नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू}}
{{नेपालको शाह राजवंशको वंशवृक्ष}}
{{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[शाह वंश]]|२७ पुस|१७७९|१ माघ|१९३१}}
{{S-reg|}}
|-
{{succession box | before = [[नरभूपाल शाह]] | title = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखा]]का राजा | years = १७९९–१८३१| after = नेपालको राजाको रूपमा}}
{{succession box | before = गोरखाको राजाको रूपमा| title = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]] | years = १८३१–१८३४ | after = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]}}{{s-end}}

{{मूल_सर्ट:शाह, पृथ्वीनारायण}}
[[श्रेणी:विशाल नेपाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:पृथ्वीनारायण शाह| ]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:खस जाति]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखाका राजाहरू]]</text>
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{{Infobox royalty
| name         = पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| title        = [[श्री ५]] [[महाराज|बडामहाराजाधिराज सरकार]] &lt;br /&gt; हिन्दव धर्मोद्धारक &lt;br /&gt; (हिन्दू धर्मका संरक्षक)
| image        = King Prithvi Narayan Shah.jpg
| caption      = श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| succession1  = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखाका  राजा]]
| succession   = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका  राजा]]
| predecessor1 = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| predecessor  = ''पद स्थापित''
| successor1   = ''पद खारेज''
| successor    = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]
| royal house  = [[शाह वंश]]
| house-type   = वंश
| father       = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| mother       = [[रानी कौसल्यावती|कौसल्यावती शाह]]
| issue        = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] &lt;br&gt; [[बहादुर शाह]] &lt;br/&gt; [[विलासकुमारी]] &lt;br&gt;रणसिंह शाह
| religion     = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]]
| birth_date   = १७७९ पुष २७&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=बाबुराम|last=आचार्य|title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको सङ्क्षिप्त जीवनी - भाग १  |page=४२|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_date   = १८३१ माघ १ (५२ वर्ष)&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign        = १८२५ असोज १० – १८३१ पुस २८
| reign1       = १७९९ चैत २१ – १८२५ असोज १०
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[इन्द्रकुमारी देवी]]|1794}}
*{{marriage|[[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी शाह]]|1796}}
}}
| birth_place  = [[गोरखा दरबार]]
| death_place  = [[देवीघाट]] [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]]
}}
'''श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' (वि.सं.१७७९-१८३१) शाहवंशीय राजा थिए। स-साना राज्यहरूमा बाँडिएका [[बाइसे राज्यहरू|बाईसे]] तथा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिसे]] राज्यहरूलाई एकत्रित गरेर एउटै देशको सृजना गर्ने यिनी आधुनिक नेपालको राष्ट्रनिर्माताको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कृष्णराज गौतम|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको सम्झनामा पुष २७ गते नेपालमा [[पृथ्वी जयन्ती|राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस]] मनाउने गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=योगी नरहरीनाथका दुर्लभ पुस्तक प्रदर्शनीमा राखिँदै|युआरएल=https://www.prasashan.com/2018/01/11/52650/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रशासन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपालमा बि.सं. २००७ साल सम्म [[राणा वंश|राणा शासन]] थियो भने [[सात सालको क्रान्ति]] पश्चात् नेपालमा आएको प्रजातन्त्र पश्चात् [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले नेपालमा राष्ट्रपिता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्मोत्सव मनाउनु पर्छ भनेर प्रक्रिया सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज गौतम|शीर्षक=राष्ट्रनायकको अठोट|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/168615-1547173560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स-साना क्षेत्र जस्तै (भिरकोट, कास्की, लम्जुङ, गोरखा) मा राज्य गरिरहेको शाहवंशलाई पुरै नेपालको राजवंशमा रूपान्तरण गर्दै आधुनिक नेपालको जग बसालेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=त्रिरत्न|last=मानन्धर|title=नेपालको एकीकरण|page=215|publisher=साझा प्रकाशन|location=काठमाडौँ|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले सुरू गरेको एकिकरण अभियान बढ्दै गएर नेपाल राज्यको सिमाना पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिष्टा नदी]], दक्षिणमा मगध र पश्चिममा [[सतलज नदी]] सम्म विस्तार भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=तुलसीराम वैद्य|शीर्षक=जसले नेपालको जग बसाए|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-09-23/20170923104348.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; बि.सं.१८७१ कात्तिक १८ गते सुरु भएको [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] पश्चात् गरिएको [[सुगौली सन्धि]] सम्म यो भू-भाग नेपालको अधिनमा रहेको थियो। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८३१ माघे सङ्क्रान्तिका दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को [[देवीघाट]]मा मृत्यु भए तापनि नेपाल एकिकरण अभियान जेठी बुहारी [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]], कान्छा छोरा [[बहादुर शाह]] लगायतले अगाडि बढाइ रहेका थिए।&lt;section begin=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt; नेपाल एकिकरण अभियानको पूर्णविराम चाहीँ उनको पनाती [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|राजा गिर्वाण युद्ध विक्रम शाह]]का पालामा भएको नेपाल-अङ्ग्रेज [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|युद्ध]] पछि भएको थियो। वि.सं. १८७३ सालमा [[सुगौली सन्धि|सुगौलीको सन्धि]] नहुञ्जेल सम्म पुरा ७२ वर्षसम्म एकीकरण अभियान चलेको थियो। बि.सं. २००९ सालदेखि [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले सरकारसँग समन्वय गरेर एउटा समारोह समिति गठन गरी आफै त्यो समितिमा बसेर '''राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस''' तथा '''[[पृथ्वी जयन्ती]]'''को रूपमा मनाउन प्रारम्भ गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-events/articles-events-prithibi-jayanti|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी जयन्ती / राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्म वि.सं. १७७९ पुष २७ गते बिहिबार [[गोरखा दरबार]]मा पिता [[नरभूपाल शाह]] आमा [[रानी कौसल्यावती]]को कोखमा भएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} शाहको हेरविचार महारानी [[चन्द्रप्रभावती]]ले गरेकी थिइन् र सुरूदेखि नै उनलाई [[रामायण]], [[महाभारत]] र पछि गएर शुक्रनीतिको ज्ञान दिइएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} धनुवाण, [[तरबार]], [[घोडसवारी]] दौड आदिमा पनि उनी निपूर्ण भएको मानिन्छ।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}}

उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] की राजकुमारी इन्द्रकुमारीसॅंग भएको थियो। गोरखा र मकवानपुरबीच ओहोर दोहोर गर्नु पर्दा उपत्यकाको भू-बनोट र त्यहाँको आर्थिक अवस्थालाई उनले राम्रोसँग नियालेका थिए। सो समयमा गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएन। त्यसैकारणले उनले अन्नपातले सम्पन्न र उन्नतिशील काठमाडौँ उपत्यकालाई विजय गर्ने मनसाय बनाइसकेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, राष्ट्रियता र समावेशी संस्कार|url=http://setopati.com/blog/22658/|accessdate=27 January 2015|publisher=सेतोपाटी|quote=अनुसन्धानकर्ता इतिहासकारहरूले भन्छन्, “गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएँन।” त्यसैकारणले राजाको मात्र होइन गोरखाली जनताको पनि राज्य विस्तार गर्ने चाहना थियो। यो कुरा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको उपदेशमा लेखिएको, “यी ३ नै देश (काठमाडौँ, पाटन, भक्तपुर) को राजा हुन पाया त हुँदो हो।” भन्ने उनको भनाइबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ।}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118062029/http://setopati.com/blog/22658/ |date=18 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ आएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गोरखा दरबारको तर्फबाट ल्याएका पगरी [[भक्तपुर जिल्ला|भक्तपुर]]का राजा रणजित मल्ललाई दिए भने त्यसको कदरस्वरूप रणजित मल्लले राजकुमार वीरनरसिंह मल्लसँग उनको मितेरी लगाई दरबारमा स-सम्मान लामो अवधिसम्म राखेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : उत्तरबाट सुन किन्थे, दक्षिणबाट चाँदी, यस्तो थियो रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.bizshala.com/story/-2786|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बिजशाला|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; गोरखा फर्किदा चाँगुनारायण, पशुपति र गुहेश्वरी पशुपतिनाथको दर्शन गर्न गएको कुरा थाहा पाई काठमाडौँका राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले उनलाई दरबारमा ल्याई उनीसँग मितेरी लगाएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मितेरी साइनोको मूल्य|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/58672|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[चित्र:Idols_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg|thumb|पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र उनका दुई रानीको शालिक, यो शालिक [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरवारमा]] रहेको छ।]]
उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]]का राजा [[हेमकर्ण सेन]]की छोरी इन्द्रकुमारी सँग वि.सं. १७९४ मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=निष्णु थिङ|शीर्षक=विवाहको राजनीति|युआरएल=https://www.indigenousvoice.com/1058.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; मकवानपुर त्यसबेलाको एक शक्तिशाली राज्य भएकाले त्यससँग नाता जोडेर राजनीतिक लाभ लिने उद्देश्यले यो विवाह भएको थियो तर पछि [[हेमकर्ण सेन]] ले असमर्थता जनाएका थिएँ। उनको दोस्रो विवाह [[बनारस|काशी]]का [[अभिमानसिंह राजपुत]]की छोरी [[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]सँग भएको थियो। नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मीबाट [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] र [[बहादुर शाह]]को जन्म भएको थियो। मितबुवा [[रणजित मल्ल]]ले  वि.सं. १८०३ मा आफ्नो दरबारमा पाहुना भएर बसेको समय मितछोरा गोरखाली राजा पृथ्वीनारायणलाई उनको सेवासुसारका लागि नेवार जातिकी मैजुकन्या ‘उपहार’ दिएका हुन्। पृथ्वीनारायण नुवाकोट आएपछि ती मैजुकन्या उनको भित्रिनी (उपरानी) बनिन्। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी यी नेवार भित्रिनीतिरबाट एक छोराको जन्म भएको थियो। उनको नाम नरसिंह (रणसिंह) थियो। उनी [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]को राज्यकालमा दरबारका एक [[चौतारिया|चौतरिया]] थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=किन ओझेलमा पारिइन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी नेवार रानी? |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20230609-queen-of-prithbinarayan-shaha/7511 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Ukaalo |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== शासनकाल ==
वि.सं. १७९९ मा राजा [[नरभूपाल शाह]]को मृत्यू भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण २० वर्षको उमेरमा गोरखाका राजा भएका थिएँ। उनले प्रचलित नियम अनुसार आफू राज-सिंहासनमा रहने बित्तिकै माहिला भाइ महिद्दाम्कीर्ति शाहलाई चौतारा पदवी दिएका थिएँ।  आफ्ना मुख्यमन्त्री र सेनापति भर्ना गर्नलाई यस अघिका काजी विराज थापा बूढा भैसकेका हुनाले एक योग्य नवयुवकको खोजी गरिरहेका थिएँ। गोरखाका रैतीले [[भीमराज पाँडे]]का छोरा [[कालु पाँडे]] रोजेका र यिनले [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजासँग चलाखीका साथ सन्धी गरी राजनीतिमा योग्यता देखाएका हुनाले यिनैलाई कज्याईँ दिई मुख्यमन्त्री बनाएका थिएँ।  

राजा हुनुअगावै उनले वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको राजनीतिक रहनसहन राम्रोसँग अध्ययन गरिसकेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको काठमाडौँ उपत्यका र पूर्वी क्षेत्र विजय गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले आफ्ना प्रवल विरोधी शक्ति [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजा रिपुमर्दन शाहसंग वि.स. १७९९ मा एक सन्धि गरेका थिई जस अनुसार दुवै राज्यवीच मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गर्ने [[कास्की राज्य|कास्की]]को अर्घामाथि कब्जा गर्न सफल भएमा त्यहाँको काठ कास्कीलाई दिने आदि शर्तमा उल्लेख थियो। 

===दोस्रो नुवाकोट आक्रमण ===
पिता नरभूपालको एकीकरणको सपना साकार पार्न वि.सं. १८०० मा [[विराज थापा मगर]] र [[महेश्वर पन्त]]को नेतृत्वमा उनले नुवाकोट आक्रमण गराएका थिएँ तर नुवाकोटबाट गोर्खालीहरूले पराजयको सामना गर्नु परेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== काशी यात्रा ===
नुवाकोटको युद्धमा पराजयको सामना गर्नुपरेकाले आवश्यक हातहतियारहरू सङ्कलनार्थ  '''पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' वनारस पुगेका थिएँ।  उनले काशी जाँदा शासनको बागडोर जेठी आमा चन्द्रप्रभाका हातमा छोडेका थिएँ। पिता नरभूपालले  पुण्य प्राप्त गरून् भनी काशीको यात्रा गरी आफ्नो [[भारद्वाज गोत्र|भारद्वाज]] गोत्रबाट काश्यप गोत्रमा [[गोत्र]] परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन गोत्र परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले?|युआरएल=https://www.nepalipublic.com/news/4766|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाली पब्लिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; सोहि बेलामा तिर्थ गर्न भनी गएका जाजरकोटका राजा हरी शाहसँग उनले राज्य विस्तार गर्दा गोरखा र जाजरकोटले एक अर्कालाई वाधा र कुभलो नचिताउने कुराहरू बारे सन्धि गरेका थिएँ।

===नुवाकोट आक्रमण तथा विजय ===
दोस्रो पटक पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८०१ मा [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]को सेनापतित्वमा नुवाकोटमाथि हमला गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आधुनिक नेपाल राष्ट्रनिर्माणमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको भूमिका !|युआरएल=https://www.bidharthi.com/content/118|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=विद्यार्थी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस पटक गोर्खाका १२-२० वर्षसम्मका सबै युवाहरूलाई सशस्त्र तयारी गरीएको थियो भने सैनिकहरूको सङ्ख्या १ हजार भन्दा माथि थियो। यी मध्ये केही सैनिक खेतालाहरूको रूपमा नुवाकोट पुराइएको थियो। तत्पश्चात कालु पाँडेले नुवाकोट रक्षा तैनाथ रहेका जयन्त रानालाई गोर्खामा मिल्नु बाहेक उनको लागि अन्य भलाइ नभएको पत्र पठाएका थिए। तर जयन्त रानाले काठमाडौँ पुगी गोर्खालीहरूबाट सम्भावित आक्रमणको जानकारी दिँदै थप सैनिक र हातहतियार माग गरेका थिएँ। तर उपत्यकामा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को चहलपहल रहेकाले [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले जयन्त राणाको मागको उपेक्षा गरेका थिएँ। जयन्त रानाको छोरा शङ्खमणी राणाले नुवाकोटको सुरक्षामा तैनाथ रहेकको समयमा गोरखाबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, दलदर्मन शाह, चौतारा विष्णु शाह, काजी [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]] आदिले नुवाकोटलाई घेरा हाली एकैपटक आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। [[दलमर्दन शाह]]को हातबाट शखमणी राणाको मृत्यु भयो र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नुवाकोटमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

नुवाकोटमा गोरखालीहरूको कब्जा भएकाले नुवाकोटका सिपाहीहरू भागि वेलकोटमा अड्डा जमाई बसेकाले कालु पाँडेको तत्काल हमला नगर्ने सल्लाहलाई उपेक्षा गरी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वेलकोटमा हमला गरेका थिए। [[जयन्त राना]] यहाँ पक्राउ परेका थिए।

==नेपाल एकिकरणको प्रयत्न==
[[चित्र:Prithvinarayanshah.jpg|thumb|राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नेपाल एकीकरणको महायात्रा सुरू गरी र कैयौँ स्थानलाई नेपाल राष्ट्रमा गाभेर ४ जात र ३६ वर्णको साझा फूलबारीको सृष्टि गरेका थिएँ&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चार जात छत्तीस वर्णको नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.nepaltoday.com.np/home/politics_detail?id=4967|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;। पृथ्वीनारायणको उद्देश्यलाई युगको मागका रूपमा इतिहासकारहरूले हेरेका छन्। तत्कालीन बाइसे र चौबिसे राज्यहरू, उपत्यकाका विभाजित मल्ल राज्यहरू, पूर्वका किराँत र लिम्बूवान क्षेत्रहरू सबैतिर एउटा सशक्त राष्ट्रवादी शक्तिको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको थियो, जसको स्थान पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पाएका थिएँ।

===तनहुँमाथिको आक्रमण===
नुवाकोट र वेलकोटको विजयपछि गोरखालीहरूले लामीडाँडामा कब्जा गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहः जस्ले नेपालको यसरी एकिकरण गरेका थिएँ|युआरएल=https://www.maipokharinews.com/2020/01/pirthivi-naryan.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तर तनहुँद्वारा लामीडाँडा कब्जा गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले [[तनहुँ राज्य|तनहुँ]] र गोरखालीहरूबीच भिडन्तको सम्भावना बढेको थियो। तर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गुरु गौरेश्वर पन्तलाई पठाई तनहुँको राजा सॅंग सन्धि गर्ने भन्ने खबर पठाएकाले तनहुँका राजा त्रिविक्रम सेनविच केही समय वार्तालाप भएपछि निर्धारित समयानुसार तिरमा लुकी बसेमा गोर्खाली सैनिकहरूले त्रिविक्रम सेनलाई बन्दी बनाई छोटो समयका लागि तनहुँमाथि कब्जा गरेका थिएँ। यस प्रकारको कामबाट लमजुङ, कास्की, पर्वत आदि क्रुद्ध हुने सम्भावना भएकाले वि.स. १८१० मा [[तनहुँ राज्य#त्रिविक्रम सेन द्वितीय|त्रिविक्रम सेन]]लाई मुक्त गरेका थिएँ। वि.स. १८१२ मा गोर्खाली सैनिकले लमजुङ र तनहुँका संयुक्त फौजसँग युद्ध गर्न परेको थियो। यस युद्धमा गोर्खाले ठुलो जनधनको क्षति बेहोर्न परेको थियो। तर पनि नालदुम, दहचोक, महादेव पोखरी, सिरानचोकको साथै कुलेखानि, इपा, माल्टा आदिमा कब्जा भएकाले गोरखाको सिमाना मकवानपुरसम्म पुग्यो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===किर्तिपुरमाथि पहिलो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८१४ मा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले कीर्तिपुरमा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=जोगी पाल्न गरिबलाई दस्तुर|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/162040|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यसमा गोरखाको तर्फ १२०० सैनिक थिएँ। तर कीर्तिपुरले काठमाडौँ, ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका सैनिक समेत सहयोग मागेकाले किर्तिपुरतर्फ ३०० जति सैनिक थिएँ। यी दुईपक्षवीच बल्खु खोलामा ६ घन्टासम्म लडाइँ हुँदा धेरै गोरखालीहरूले [[वीरगति]] प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ। किर्तिपुरको कब्जामा परेका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह राजवध गर्न नहुने नैतिक नियमको कारणले मात्र यहाँ बाचेका थिएँ। 
कीर्तिपुरको पहिलो युद्धमा विरगती प्राप्त गरेका काजी [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]का ठाउँमा उनको छोरा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]]लाई र सेनापति पदमा [[शिवरामसिंह बस्न्यात|शिवराम सिंह बस्न्यात]]का छोरा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]लाई नियुक्त गरी सैनिक पुनर्गठन गर्ने अभिभारा सुम्पिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कालु पाँडेको बलिदानको इतिहासलाई स्मरण गर्नुपर्ने|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/47626|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; वि.स. १८१६ मा शिवपुरी र काभ्रेमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।

===मकवानपुर विजय===
वि.स. १८१९ को भदौ महिनामा [[वंशराज पाँडे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]ले सङ्गठन गरेको सैनिक साथै [[महोद्दामकिर्ति शाह]], [[दलमर्दन शाह]], [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]], नन्दु शाह, [[दलजित शाह]]हरूका साथ पठाएको ठुलो सङ्ख्यामा [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]मा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। यहा १० घन्टासम्म लडाइँ चलेको थियो र अन्तत: दिग्वन्ध्न सेनले आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ। &lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मकवानपुरगढी र पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://sadrishya.com/2021/01/11/858/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===गोरखा माथि आक्रमण ===
वि.स. १८२० मा दिग्वन्धन सेनलाई मद्धत गर्ने निहुमा [[तनहुँ जिल्ला|तनहुँ]]का राजा त्रिविक्रम सेन, [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को राजा [[मुकुन्द सेन]] तृतीय, [[कास्की जिल्ला|कास्की]]का राजा सिद्धिनारायण शाहको संयुक्त सैनिकले गोरखाको अधिनमा रहेको हर्मी, भिरकोट, धापकोट, चवाङ्गली, धौराली, लकान्कोटमाथि आक्रमण गरी लुटपाट गरेका थिएँ।

===किीर्तिपुरमाथि दोस्रो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८२१ को भदौ महिनामा शुरप्रताप शाह, दलजित शाह र श्री हर्ष पन्तको नेतृत्वमा किर्तिपुर माथि दोस्रो आक्रमण भएको थियो। यस युद्धमा पनि कीर्तिपुरलाई पहिले जस्तै उपत्यकाबाट सैनिक सहयोग प्राप्त नभए पनि किर्तिपुरका जनताले गोर्खाली सैनिकलाई गोपुर किल्ला तोडी किर्तिपुरमा प्रवेश गर्ने मौका दिएनन्। यस युद्धमा कीर्तिपुरद्वारा निसाना लगाइएको तिरबाट शुरप्रतापको आँखा फुट्नुका साथै अन्य केही फौज फर्कन वाध्य भएका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=परिचय&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी नारायण शाहः एक सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय|युआरएल=https://www.localsandesh.com/2018/01/11/3949/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो आक्रमण===
किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो पटकको युद्धको नेतृत्व काजी वंशराज पाडेले लिएका थिएँ। उनले चारैतिरबाट गोपुर किल्लालाई घेरी खेतालाका रूपमा केही सैनिक कीर्तिपुर पठाएका थिएँ। त्यसबखत किर्तिपुरमा धान भित्राउने समय परेकाले वंशराज कीर्तिपुरेहरूलाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गर्न भनेका थिएँ। यो युद्धमा किर्तिपुरलाई छिमेकी राज्यहरूबाट सैनिक सहयोग भएको थिएँन। वि.स. १८२२ चैत ३ गते धनवन्त काजीले गोपुर किल्लामा आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र कीर्तिपुर|युआरएल=https://www.ghatanarabichar.com/83071?amp_markup=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घटना र विचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===सल्यानसँगको सम्बन्ध===
वि.स १८२३ मा सल्यानी राजा श्रीकृष्ण शाहका छोरा रणभिम शाहसँग आफ्ना छोरी विलासकुमारीको विवाह गराई मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गरेका थिएँ। छिल्ली, दाङ, देउखरीलाई दाइजोको रूपमा दिएका थिएँ।

==काठमाडौँ उपत्यका माथिको आक्रमण==
किर्तिपुर गोर्खाको कब्जामा पर्न गएका निकट भविष्यमै उपत्यकामा आक्रमण सम्भावना भएकाले जयप्रकाश मल्लले ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाहरूसँग वैठक गरी गोर्खा सैनिकको विरुद्ध सशक्त सैनिक अभियान गर्नुपर्ने विचार व्यक्त गरेका थिएँ। तर ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाले अनुकुल प्रतिक्रिया नजनाएकाको र गोर्खालीको पहिलो आक्रमण कान्तिपुरमै हुनेछ भन्ने ठानी [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले अङ्ग्रेजहरूसँग सैनिक तथा हातहतियारको सहयोग मागेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]लाई सहयोग गर्न वि.स. १८२३ मा किनलकको नेतृत्वमा २४०० सैनिक पूर्वी नेपालको [[सिन्धुलीगढी]] हुँदै काठमाडौँ तिर बढेको थियो। यो कुराको जानकारी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई पहिले नै भएकाले [[सिन्धुलीगढी]]को रक्षार्थ बिरभद्र पाँडे र वीरभद्र उपाध्याय र वंशु गुरुङको समूह ढुङ्गेवासमाथि आइपुग्दा वंशु गुरुङले प्रत्यासित रूपमा चढाई गरे भने अघि बढीसकेको फौजमाथि वंशराज र वीरभद्र उपाध्यायको फौजले पौवागढीमा आक्रमण गरेकाले सारा अङ्ग्रेज फौज आफुसँग रहेको हातहतियार र बन्दुकहरू छाडी आफ्नो प्राण बचाउन जङ्गलतर्फ भागाभाग गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह आफैंले ‘अपरेसन’ गरेको त्यो युद्ध रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.khabarhub.com/2019/20/66036/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=खबरहब|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===कान्तिपुरमाथि आक्रमण===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उपत्यकालाई चारैतर्फबाट घेरी नाकाबन्दी गरेकाले उपत्यकामा चरम आर्थिक सङ्कट छाएको थियो। त्यसमा पनि काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल कठोर विचार, घमण्डी र संकालु प्रवृतिका भएकाले रानी र भारदारहरू रिसाई उनलाई पदच्युत गरी उनका छोरा राज्यप्रकाश शाहलाई राजा बनाएका थिएँ। तर पछि उनले पुन: आफ्नो सत्ता प्राप्त गरे तर उनलाई आफ्नो छोरा, रानी र भारदारहरूको सहानुभूति प्राप्त भएन। आफ्नो शक्ति कायम राख्न विदेशी सैनिक झिकाई देवी देवताको गुठि मासेकाले धर्मप्राण नेपाली जनता क्षुब्ध भएका थिएँ भने विदेशी सैनिकलाई बढी तलब समेत दिने गरेकाले कान्तिपुरका सैनिकमा निराशा उत्पन्न भएको थियो। 
===ललितपुरको पतन===
यस्तो स्थति बुझेर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.स. १८२५ असोज १३ मा [[इन्द्रजात्रा|इन्द्र जात्रा]]को समय पारि नरदेवी, टुडिखेल र भिमसेनस्थान गरी ३ तर्फबाट आक्रमण गरी कान्तिपुर माथि विजय गरेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]] भागेर ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिह मल्लका गई शरण लिएका थिएँ। 
वि. स. १८२५ असोज २५ गते पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले धनवन्त र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]लाई ललितपुर पठाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गराउन पठाएका थिएँ। पाटनका राजा विना कुनै युद्ध भागेका थिएँ। 

===भक्तपुर विजय===
{{मुख्य|भक्तपुरको युद्ध}}
काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल र ललितपुरका राजा [[तेज नरसिंह मल्ल|तेजनरसिह मल्ल]] भागेर भक्तपुरका राजा [[रणजित मल्ल|रणजित मल्ल]]को शरणमा पुगेका थिएँ। राजा रणजित मल्लले आत्मासम्पर्णको सट्टा छिमेकी राज्य र अङ्ग्रेजसँग समेत सीक सहयोग मागेकाले अनावश्यक ढिलासुस्ती गर्न झुने सम्झी भक्तपुर माथि आक्रमण गर्न वंशराज पाण्डे, कहरसिंह बस्न्यात, रामकृष्ण कुँवर, अमरसिंंह थापा, कालीदास खड्का आदिका साथ १५०० सशस्त्र फौज पठाएका थिएँ। भक्तपुरमा युद्ध भयो जसमा ठुलो जनधनको क्षति भएको थियो। झन्डै २००० भन्दा बढीको मृत्यु र ५०० भन्दा बढी घर ध्वस्त भएको थियो। हार स्वरूप वि.स. १८२६ मङ्सिर १ गते रणजित मल्लले आत्मसमर्पण गरे। यसै युद्धमा जयप्रकाश मल्लको खुट्टामा गोलि लागेको थियो। उनको इच्छा अनुसार पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उनलाई पशुपति जाने व्यवस्था मिलाई दिएका थिएँ ६७ वर्षीय वयोवृद्ध मितबाबु रणजित मल्लले इच्छा बमोजिम उनलाई काशीबासको उचित व्यवस्था मिलाएका थिएँ। त्यहाँ पुगेको १८ महिना पछि उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो। ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिंह मल्लले कुनै इच्छा व्यक्त नगरेकाले उनलाई आजीवन भक्तपुर दरबारमा कैद गरिएको थियो।

==चौबिसे राज्यमाथि आक्रमण==
उपत्यकाका तिनैवटा शहरमा अधिकार कायम भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पश्चिममा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिस राज्य]] विजय गर्न वि.स. १८२८ मा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]को नेतृत्वमा पठाएको फौज र चौविस राज्यका संयुक्त फौजबीच वि.स. १८२८ मा घमासान युद्ध भएको थियो। १६ घण्टाको अविरल युद्ध हुँदा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]सहित ५०० भन्दा बढी गोर्खालीले वीरगत प्राप्त गर्नुका साथै [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]], प्रभु मल्ल जस्ता सेनापतिहरू पनि शत्रुको कब्जामा पर्न गएकाले रणवीर पाँडे र प्रभु मल्लले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुलाई बुझाई बाँकी सैनिक लिई निराश भई पराजित अवस्थामा काठमाडौँ पुगेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुपक्षलाई सम्पर्ण गर्नेहरूको जागिर समाप्ति गरी बन्दुक मोल बापत ६० रुपैयाँ लिएका थिएँ। यो पराजयले गोर्खालीहरूको महत्त्वकांक्ष, मान, प्रतिष्ठामा चोट लागेको थियो भने शत्रुहरूमा गोर्खा विरुद्ध कडा मुकाविला गरेमा विजय हुन् सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रतिरक्षात्मक भावना जागृत गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास वैधानिकताको प्रश्न|युआरएल=https://nayayougbodh.com/opinion/2020/01/12/968429|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=युगबोध राष्ट्रिय दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==पूर्व सेन राज्यसँग युद्ध ==
१८२८;भदौ १३ मा [[रामकृष्ण कुँवर]]लाई पलञ्चोकबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पूर्वतर्फ विस्तार गुर्न सेनापति बनाए। अमरसिंह थापालाई उनका नायब गराई २६००सिपाहीसाथ पहाडैपहाड ओल्लो किरातबाट कूच गराए। त्यो नेपाली सेनाले दूधकोसी नदी तरी चौदण्डी दाखिल हुँदा त्रिलोचन उपाध्याय र हरिनन्द उपाध्याय पोखरेलले टूलो सहयोग गरे। खम्बूसेना र नेपाकी (गोर्खा) सेना बीच हलेसी, रावा, दिङ्ला, माझकिरात क्षेत्रमा झडपह्ग्रू भए। किरातका विषालु धनुकाणको मारले नेपाली सेना आक्रान्त भए तापन विजय नेपालकै भयो। बिसं १८२९ माघ भरमा माझकिरातमा नेपालको अधिकार भयि। पहाडी भाग मात्र त्यहाँसम्म दखल भएको हुँदा तलहट्टीमा पनि विजय गर्नुपर्ने स्थिति देखा परुओ। मुख्य काथिनता पहाडी भागमा नै पर्थ्यो, त्यो दखल भयो। 

तराईको भूभागलाई कब्जा गर्न बख्सी अभिम्क्सनसिंह बस्न्यातलाई खटाई पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले अङ्ग्रेज गभर्नर वारेन हेस्ट्ङ्सलाई पत्र लेखे। बि.सं १८३० जेठ मा लेखेको पत्रमा विजयपुरका राजा कामदत्त सेन आफ्ना दाजु हुनाले निजको हत्या दिवान बुद्धिकर्ण राईले गरेकाले निजको बदला लिन सेबा पठाएकाले अङ्ग्रेज सरकारले बुद्धिकर्णलाई सहयोग नगर्ने अनुरोधका साय्है त्यताको रैरकम के गर्नुपर्ने हो आफूले मिलाउने कुरा पनि उल्लेख गरिएको थियो। त्यस पत्रको आशय अङ्ग्रेजले विरोधीलाई साय्ह नदिउन् भन्ने थियो।

==मृत्यु==
[[चित्र:विदुर नगरपालिका वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[विदुर नगरपालिका]] वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ ]]
वि.सं. १८३१ (सन् १७७४) मङ्सिरको मध्यतिर जाडो छल्न नुवाकोट गएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरबार]]मा बिमारी परेका थिएँ। स्वास्थ्य झन्-झन् खराब हुँदै गएपछि उनैको इच्छाअनुसार त्यहाँको [[देवीघाट]] लगिएको थियो। नौ दिनसम्म घाटमै रही माघ १ गते बिहान सात बजे उनको निधन भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; कतै कतै सिकार खेल्न गएको बेलामा बाघको आक्रमणमा परी गहिरो चोट परी घाइते भएको हिँदा मृत्यु भएको समेत उल्लेख छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सञ्जीवन महर्जन|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु|युआरएल=https://saptahik.com.np/history/2016/03/30/20160330121932|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=साप्ताहिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; घाटमै राखिएको बेला उनले नेपालको भूराजनीतिक अवस्था, सामाजिक जीवन, प्रतिरक्षा र विकासका सन्दर्भमा उपदेशहरू दिएका थिएँ, जसलाई '[[दिव्योपदेश]]' समेत भनिन्छ। &lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112022040/http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html |date=2015-01-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;नेपाल दुई ढुङ्गाबीचको तरुल जस्तो रहेछ। दक्षिणको बादशाह महाचतुर रहेछ। जाइकटक नगर्नु, झिकी कटक गर्नु। नेपाल चार वर्ण, छत्तिस जातको साझा फूलबारी हो।&quot; इत्यादि सान्दर्भिक उपदेशहरू पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=विजयका पर्याय पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2021/01/04/373489/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[माघे सङ्क्रान्ति]]का दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा उकुच र ठेउला आएर नुवाकोट जिल्लामा पर्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी|त्रिशुली]] र तादी नदीको सङ्गम 'मोहन तिर्थ' वा [[देवीघाट]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;

== नीति ==

=== आर्थिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आर्थिक समृद्धिका बारेमा पनि धेरै कुरा व्यक्त गरेका छन्। मुलुक गरिब भयो भने सुरक्षित रहन सक्दैन भन्ने उनको मान्यता रहेको थियो। सरकारले कर उठाउनका लागि कसैलाई ठेक्का नदिइकन आफैँले सो कार्य गर्नु पर्छ भन्ने उनले धारणा रहेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=  डा. जयराज आचार्य|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको परराष्ट्र नीतिका पञ्चतत्व|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/651810|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तात्कालिक समयमा, उनले पूर्व र पश्चिमको बाटोहरू बन्द गर्दै काठमाडौँसम्मको यातायातको बाटो खुलाउने इच्छा राखेका थिएँ।
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनको कृति दिव्योपदेशमा उनले विदेशी व्यापारीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गरेभने यसलाई मरुभूमि बनाएर छोड्ने धारणामा रहेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणः राष्ट्रनिर्माता कि विस्तारवादका नाइके ?|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/74048|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस्तै सन्दर्भमा उनले विदेशी कपडा लगाउनलाई बहिष्कार गर्ने सल्लाह दिएका थिएँ र स्थानीय मानिसहरूलाई कपडा बुन्न प्रशिक्षण समेत दिएका थिएँ। स्थानीय सम्पत्ति देशबाट बाहिर जान नहुने उनको विश्वास रहेको थियो। उनले नेपाली जडिबुटीलाई विदेशी भूमिमा बेच्न र यसबाट प्राप्त सम्पत्तिलाई देशमा फिर्ता ल्याउन प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिएँ। उनी पैसा देश भित्र मात्र रहेको हेर्न चाहन्थे। उनले प्रसिद्ध भनाइमा उनले, &quot;प्रजा मोटो भए दरबार पनि बलियो रहन्छ&quot; भनेर बताएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=इतिहासलाई जोगाएर राख्नु पर्छ; मार्नु हुन्न|युआरएल=https://www.brtnepal.com/2019/01/09/74013.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्रिटनेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== रक्षा नीति ===

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले किल्लाहरू निर्माणमा जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनले नेपालको भूमिलाई भगवान आफैले बनाएको प्राकृतिक किल्लाको रूपमा लिएका थिएँ। उनले शिवपुरी, फूलचौकी, चन्द्रगिरी, महादेवपोखरी, पालुङ, डापाचा र काहुलेमा बलियो किल्ला तयार पार्न र प्रत्येकमा तोप राख्न सुझाव दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई के ले विजयी बनायो ?|युआरएल=https://www.dekhapadhi.com/news/5107|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=देखापढी अनलाइन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; भन्ज्याङमा फलामेका ढोकाहरू निर्माण गर्न र ती सबैमा तोपहरू तयारी अवस्थामा राख्ने गरि उनले निर्माण गराएका थिएँ जसमा उनले देशलाई जासूस, शरणार्थी, हत्यारा आदिबाट जोगाउने विश्वास गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=बडामहाराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको दिव्य उपदेश|last=आचार्य, बाबुराम|first=नरहरिनाथ, योगी|publisher=श्रीकृष्ण आचार्य|year=२०१४|isbn=978-99933-912-1-0|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=४,५}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== धार्मिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहमा धार्मिक श्रद्धा निकै रहेको थियो। यीनी काली र [[गोरखनाथ]]का उपासक थिए। यसकारण ले उनले आफ्ना छापमा आफ्नो नाम नलेखी कालीको नामान्तर भवानी र यिनको हतियार [[खड्ग]] राखिदिए। कालीका पूजामा सिन्दूरको प्रयोग हुने हुनाले यो छापमा लगाउँदा पनि सिन्दूरकै व्यवहार गर्ने नियम गरे। यस कारण यो छाप [[लालमोहर]] भन्ने नामले प्रसिद्ध भयो। राज्य भवानीको हो, संरक्षक मा हुँ भन्ने भावना यिनको मनमा थियो। यिनका उत्तराधिकारी महाराजहरूले पनि यस छापलाई आफ्नो छाप मानेर त्यस भावनालाई कायमै राखे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले चाँदीका टकमा एकापट्टि आफ्नो नाम राखेर अर्कापट्टि भवानी र गोरखनाथ को नाम समेत छपाउने नियम गरे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[हिन्दु धर्म|सनातन धर्म]]का पक्षपाती भए पनि [[बौद्ध धर्म]]को आदर गर्दथे। यिनले [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] दखल गरे पछी भोटका सक्य लामाले सिम्भु [[चैत्य]] मर्मत गर्न लाग्दा मेरुदण्डको लागि चाहिने अग्राखको लिङ्गो नुवाकोटबाट पथाइदिएका थिए। कीर्तिपुर दखल हुने बित्तिकै त्यहाँका चैत्यका निमित्त केही जमीन दाङ पनि दिए। सेसातका मल्ल राजाहरोका इष्टदेवता टावर वा [[तलेजु भवानी|तलेज्यूका]] पूजाआज्ञा पनि पूर्ववत् कायम राखे। नयाँ रियासत जितिएपछी त्यहाँका देवीदेवताका देवलहरू मर्मत गर्ने र यिनका आजापूजालाई [[गुठी]] जमिन बढाइदिने भारदारहरूको पहिलो काम हुन्थ्यो। यस काममा [[अमरसिंह थापा]] (बडा) विशेष प्रसिद्ध थिए.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=इतिहास शिरोमणी बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |issue=81 |pages=72 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008091759/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |date=2023-10-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==दिव्योपदेश==
{{Quote box
| quote = मेरा साना दुखले आर्ज्याको मुलुक होइन यो चार जात छात्तिस वर्णको साझा फूलबारी हो सबलाई चेतना भया।}}
{{मुख्य|दिव्योपदेश}}[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|श्री ५ बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] आफ्नो अन्तिम समयमा [[शेरा दरबार]] दिएका दिव्योपदेशका कारणले चर्चित छन्। उनका उपदेशहरू आजपनि समय सान्दर्भिक रहेको धेरैको बुझाइ रहेको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज कँडेल|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणका दिव्योपदेशको सान्दर्भिकता|युआरएल=https://gautambuddhasandesh.com/?p=7491|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

पृथ्वीनारायण नारायण शाहका अनुसार &quot;बुढाहरू मर्दा कोहि अर्ति दिन्छन्, पछिल्ला पुस्तालाई ती कुरा गतिला हुनाले एकले अर्कालाई भन्दै राज्य सञ्चालन गर्दै जान्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८५&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायणले आफ्नो अन्तिम समय तिर भारदारहरूलाई उपदेश दिएका दिए। उनका अन्तिम सन्देशहरूबाट त्यस्ता पेचिला र चोटिला कुराहरू झल्कन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चेतना भया|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/136753-1515644040.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== सन्तानहरू ==
[[File:Idols - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|thumb|Idols of PrithviNarayan Shah with his two wives]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |नाम
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |जन्म
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |विवाह
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |मृत्यु
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |बच्चाहरू
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |जीवनसाथी
!मिति
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[प्रतापसिंह शाह|युवराजाधिराज प्रतापसिंह]]
|५ बैशाख १८०८ 
|[[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी देवी]]''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|
|वि.सं. १८४२
|[[रणबहादुर शाह|युवराजाधिराज रणबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[विदुरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार विदुरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शेरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार शेरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[बहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार बहादुर]]
|वि.सं. १८१४ असार ६ 
|विद्या लक्ष्मी देवी
|
|वि.सं. १५ असार १८५४ 
|[[रिपू मर्दन शाह|अधिराजकुमार रिपू मर्दन]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शत्रु मन्जन शाह|अधिराजकुमार शत्रु मन्जन]]
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[विलासकुमारी|अधिराजकुमारी विलासकुमारी]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[रणभीम शाह]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |१७६६
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|
|-
|
|-
!चौतारिया रणसिंह शाह 
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== स्मारक ==

* [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग|पृथ्वी राज मार्ग]]
* पृथ्वी राजपथ
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[सिंहदरबार|सिंह दरबार]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर्]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक, [[चन्द्रागिरी डाँडा|चन्द्रागिरि]]
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, राष्ट्र बिभुती पार्क, पोखरा
* [[पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पस|पृथ्वी नारायण क्याम्पस]] , पोखरा
* पृथ्वी संग्राहलय
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, सिन्धुली गदी 

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
===उद्धरणहरू===
{{Reflist}}

===पुस्तकहरू===
* {{Cite web |last=दाहाल |first=पेशल |date=२०५७ |title=नेपालको इतिहास |url=https://archive.org/details/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/mode/2up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://ia802509.us.archive.org/23/items/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/Nepalko%20Itihas%20by%20Peshal%20Dahal_text.pdf |archive-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |access-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |publisher=एम. के. पब्लिशर्स एण्ड डिस्ट्रिब्यूटर्स|ref = {{harvid|दाहाल|२०५७}}}}


{{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}}
{{नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू}}
{{नेपालको शाह राजवंशको वंशवृक्ष}}
{{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[शाह वंश]]|२७ पुस|१७७९|१ माघ|१९३१}}
{{S-reg|}}
|-
{{succession box | before = [[नरभूपाल शाह]] | title = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखा]]का राजा | years = १७९९–१८३१| after = नेपालको राजाको रूपमा}}
{{succession box | before = गोरखाको राजाको रूपमा| title = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]] | years = १८३१–१८३४ | after = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]}}{{s-end}}

{{मूल_सर्ट:शाह, पृथ्वीनारायण}}
[[श्रेणी:विशाल नेपाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:पृथ्वीनारायण शाह| ]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:खस जाति]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखाका राजाहरू]]</text>
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{{Infobox royalty
| name         = पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| title        = [[श्री ५]] [[महाराज|बडामहाराजाधिराज सरकार]] &lt;br /&gt; हिन्दव धर्मोद्धारक &lt;br /&gt; (हिन्दू धर्मका संरक्षक)
| image        = King Prithvi Narayan Shah.jpg
| caption      = श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| succession1  = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखाका  राजा]]
| succession   = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका  राजा]]
| predecessor1 = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| predecessor  = ''पद स्थापित''
| successor1   = ''पद खारेज''
| successor    = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]
| royal house  = [[शाह वंश]]
| house-type   = वंश
| father       = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| mother       = [[रानी कौसल्यावती|कौसल्यावती शाह]]
| issue        = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] &lt;br&gt; [[बहादुर शाह]] &lt;br/&gt; [[विलासकुमारी]] &lt;br&gt;रणसिंह शाह
| religion     = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]]
| birth_date   = १७७९ पुष २७&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=बाबुराम|last=आचार्य|title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको सङ्क्षिप्त जीवनी - भाग १  |page=४२|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_date   = १८३१ माघ १ (५२ वर्ष)&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign        = १८२५ असोज १० – १८३१ पुस २८
| reign1       = १७९९ चैत २१ – १८२५ असोज १०
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[इन्द्रकुमारी देवी]]|1794}}
*{{marriage|[[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी शाह]]|1796}}
}}
| birth_place  = [[गोरखा दरबार]], [[गोरखा राज्य]] (हाल को [[गोर्खा जिल्ला]], नेपाल 
| death_place  = [[देवीघाट]], [[नेपाल  अधिराज्य  ]] (हाल को [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]], नेपाल) 
}}
'''श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' (वि.सं.१७७९-१८३१) शाहवंशीय राजा थिए। स-साना राज्यहरूमा बाँडिएका [[बाइसे राज्यहरू|बाईसे]] तथा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिसे]] राज्यहरूलाई एकत्रित गरेर एउटै देशको सृजना गर्ने यिनी आधुनिक नेपालको राष्ट्रनिर्माताको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कृष्णराज गौतम|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको सम्झनामा पुष २७ गते नेपालमा [[पृथ्वी जयन्ती|राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस]] मनाउने गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=योगी नरहरीनाथका दुर्लभ पुस्तक प्रदर्शनीमा राखिँदै|युआरएल=https://www.prasashan.com/2018/01/11/52650/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रशासन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपालमा बि.सं. २००७ साल सम्म [[राणा वंश|राणा शासन]] थियो भने [[सात सालको क्रान्ति]] पश्चात् नेपालमा आएको प्रजातन्त्र पश्चात् [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले नेपालमा राष्ट्रपिता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्मोत्सव मनाउनु पर्छ भनेर प्रक्रिया सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज गौतम|शीर्षक=राष्ट्रनायकको अठोट|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/168615-1547173560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स-साना क्षेत्र जस्तै (भिरकोट, कास्की, लम्जुङ, गोरखा) मा राज्य गरिरहेको शाहवंशलाई पुरै नेपालको राजवंशमा रूपान्तरण गर्दै आधुनिक नेपालको जग बसालेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=त्रिरत्न|last=मानन्धर|title=नेपालको एकीकरण|page=215|publisher=साझा प्रकाशन|location=काठमाडौँ|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले सुरू गरेको एकिकरण अभियान बढ्दै गएर नेपाल राज्यको सिमाना पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिष्टा नदी]], दक्षिणमा मगध र पश्चिममा [[सतलज नदी]] सम्म विस्तार भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=तुलसीराम वैद्य|शीर्षक=जसले नेपालको जग बसाए|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-09-23/20170923104348.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; बि.सं.१८७१ कात्तिक १८ गते सुरु भएको [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] पश्चात् गरिएको [[सुगौली सन्धि]] सम्म यो भू-भाग नेपालको अधिनमा रहेको थियो। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८३१ माघे सङ्क्रान्तिका दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को [[देवीघाट]]मा मृत्यु भए तापनि नेपाल एकिकरण अभियान जेठी बुहारी [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]], कान्छा छोरा [[बहादुर शाह]] लगायतले अगाडि बढाइ रहेका थिए।&lt;section begin=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt; नेपाल एकिकरण अभियानको पूर्णविराम चाहीँ उनको पनाती [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|राजा गिर्वाण युद्ध विक्रम शाह]]का पालामा भएको नेपाल-अङ्ग्रेज [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|युद्ध]] पछि भएको थियो। वि.सं. १८७३ सालमा [[सुगौली सन्धि|सुगौलीको सन्धि]] नहुञ्जेल सम्म पुरा ७२ वर्षसम्म एकीकरण अभियान चलेको थियो। बि.सं. २००९ सालदेखि [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले सरकारसँग समन्वय गरेर एउटा समारोह समिति गठन गरी आफै त्यो समितिमा बसेर '''राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस''' तथा '''[[पृथ्वी जयन्ती]]'''को रूपमा मनाउन प्रारम्भ गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-events/articles-events-prithibi-jayanti|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी जयन्ती / राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्म वि.सं. १७७९ पुष २७ गते बिहिबार [[गोरखा दरबार]]मा पिता [[नरभूपाल शाह]] आमा [[रानी कौसल्यावती]]को कोखमा भएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} शाहको हेरविचार महारानी [[चन्द्रप्रभावती]]ले गरेकी थिइन् र सुरूदेखि नै उनलाई [[रामायण]], [[महाभारत]] र पछि गएर शुक्रनीतिको ज्ञान दिइएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} धनुवाण, [[तरबार]], [[घोडसवारी]] दौड आदिमा पनि उनी निपूर्ण भएको मानिन्छ।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}}

उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] की राजकुमारी इन्द्रकुमारीसॅंग भएको थियो। गोरखा र मकवानपुरबीच ओहोर दोहोर गर्नु पर्दा उपत्यकाको भू-बनोट र त्यहाँको आर्थिक अवस्थालाई उनले राम्रोसँग नियालेका थिए। सो समयमा गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएन। त्यसैकारणले उनले अन्नपातले सम्पन्न र उन्नतिशील काठमाडौँ उपत्यकालाई विजय गर्ने मनसाय बनाइसकेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, राष्ट्रियता र समावेशी संस्कार|url=http://setopati.com/blog/22658/|accessdate=27 January 2015|publisher=सेतोपाटी|quote=अनुसन्धानकर्ता इतिहासकारहरूले भन्छन्, “गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएँन।” त्यसैकारणले राजाको मात्र होइन गोरखाली जनताको पनि राज्य विस्तार गर्ने चाहना थियो। यो कुरा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको उपदेशमा लेखिएको, “यी ३ नै देश (काठमाडौँ, पाटन, भक्तपुर) को राजा हुन पाया त हुँदो हो।” भन्ने उनको भनाइबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ।}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118062029/http://setopati.com/blog/22658/ |date=18 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ आएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गोरखा दरबारको तर्फबाट ल्याएका पगरी [[भक्तपुर जिल्ला|भक्तपुर]]का राजा रणजित मल्ललाई दिए भने त्यसको कदरस्वरूप रणजित मल्लले राजकुमार वीरनरसिंह मल्लसँग उनको मितेरी लगाई दरबारमा स-सम्मान लामो अवधिसम्म राखेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : उत्तरबाट सुन किन्थे, दक्षिणबाट चाँदी, यस्तो थियो रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.bizshala.com/story/-2786|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बिजशाला|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; गोरखा फर्किदा चाँगुनारायण, पशुपति र गुहेश्वरी पशुपतिनाथको दर्शन गर्न गएको कुरा थाहा पाई काठमाडौँका राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले उनलाई दरबारमा ल्याई उनीसँग मितेरी लगाएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मितेरी साइनोको मूल्य|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/58672|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[चित्र:Idols_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg|thumb|पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र उनका दुई रानीको शालिक, यो शालिक [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरवारमा]] रहेको छ।]]
उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]]का राजा [[हेमकर्ण सेन]]की छोरी इन्द्रकुमारी सँग वि.सं. १७९४ मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=निष्णु थिङ|शीर्षक=विवाहको राजनीति|युआरएल=https://www.indigenousvoice.com/1058.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; मकवानपुर त्यसबेलाको एक शक्तिशाली राज्य भएकाले त्यससँग नाता जोडेर राजनीतिक लाभ लिने उद्देश्यले यो विवाह भएको थियो तर पछि [[हेमकर्ण सेन]] ले असमर्थता जनाएका थिएँ। उनको दोस्रो विवाह [[बनारस|काशी]]का [[अभिमानसिंह राजपुत]]की छोरी [[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]सँग भएको थियो। नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मीबाट [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] र [[बहादुर शाह]]को जन्म भएको थियो। मितबुवा [[रणजित मल्ल]]ले  वि.सं. १८०३ मा आफ्नो दरबारमा पाहुना भएर बसेको समय मितछोरा गोरखाली राजा पृथ्वीनारायणलाई उनको सेवासुसारका लागि नेवार जातिकी मैजुकन्या ‘उपहार’ दिएका हुन्। पृथ्वीनारायण नुवाकोट आएपछि ती मैजुकन्या उनको भित्रिनी (उपरानी) बनिन्। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी यी नेवार भित्रिनीतिरबाट एक छोराको जन्म भएको थियो। उनको नाम नरसिंह (रणसिंह) थियो। उनी [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]को राज्यकालमा दरबारका एक [[चौतारिया|चौतरिया]] थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=किन ओझेलमा पारिइन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी नेवार रानी? |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20230609-queen-of-prithbinarayan-shaha/7511 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Ukaalo |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== शासनकाल ==
वि.सं. १७९९ मा राजा [[नरभूपाल शाह]]को मृत्यू भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण २० वर्षको उमेरमा गोरखाका राजा भएका थिएँ। उनले प्रचलित नियम अनुसार आफू राज-सिंहासनमा रहने बित्तिकै माहिला भाइ महिद्दाम्कीर्ति शाहलाई चौतारा पदवी दिएका थिएँ।  आफ्ना मुख्यमन्त्री र सेनापति भर्ना गर्नलाई यस अघिका काजी विराज थापा बूढा भैसकेका हुनाले एक योग्य नवयुवकको खोजी गरिरहेका थिएँ। गोरखाका रैतीले [[भीमराज पाँडे]]का छोरा [[कालु पाँडे]] रोजेका र यिनले [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजासँग चलाखीका साथ सन्धी गरी राजनीतिमा योग्यता देखाएका हुनाले यिनैलाई कज्याईँ दिई मुख्यमन्त्री बनाएका थिएँ।  

राजा हुनुअगावै उनले वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको राजनीतिक रहनसहन राम्रोसँग अध्ययन गरिसकेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको काठमाडौँ उपत्यका र पूर्वी क्षेत्र विजय गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले आफ्ना प्रवल विरोधी शक्ति [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजा रिपुमर्दन शाहसंग वि.स. १७९९ मा एक सन्धि गरेका थिई जस अनुसार दुवै राज्यवीच मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गर्ने [[कास्की राज्य|कास्की]]को अर्घामाथि कब्जा गर्न सफल भएमा त्यहाँको काठ कास्कीलाई दिने आदि शर्तमा उल्लेख थियो। 

===दोस्रो नुवाकोट आक्रमण ===
पिता नरभूपालको एकीकरणको सपना साकार पार्न वि.सं. १८०० मा [[विराज थापा मगर]] र [[महेश्वर पन्त]]को नेतृत्वमा उनले नुवाकोट आक्रमण गराएका थिएँ तर नुवाकोटबाट गोर्खालीहरूले पराजयको सामना गर्नु परेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== काशी यात्रा ===
नुवाकोटको युद्धमा पराजयको सामना गर्नुपरेकाले आवश्यक हातहतियारहरू सङ्कलनार्थ  '''पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' वनारस पुगेका थिएँ।  उनले काशी जाँदा शासनको बागडोर जेठी आमा चन्द्रप्रभाका हातमा छोडेका थिएँ। पिता नरभूपालले  पुण्य प्राप्त गरून् भनी काशीको यात्रा गरी आफ्नो [[भारद्वाज गोत्र|भारद्वाज]] गोत्रबाट काश्यप गोत्रमा [[गोत्र]] परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन गोत्र परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले?|युआरएल=https://www.nepalipublic.com/news/4766|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाली पब्लिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; सोहि बेलामा तिर्थ गर्न भनी गएका जाजरकोटका राजा हरी शाहसँग उनले राज्य विस्तार गर्दा गोरखा र जाजरकोटले एक अर्कालाई वाधा र कुभलो नचिताउने कुराहरू बारे सन्धि गरेका थिएँ।

===नुवाकोट आक्रमण तथा विजय ===
दोस्रो पटक पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८०१ मा [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]को सेनापतित्वमा नुवाकोटमाथि हमला गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आधुनिक नेपाल राष्ट्रनिर्माणमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको भूमिका !|युआरएल=https://www.bidharthi.com/content/118|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=विद्यार्थी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस पटक गोर्खाका १२-२० वर्षसम्मका सबै युवाहरूलाई सशस्त्र तयारी गरीएको थियो भने सैनिकहरूको सङ्ख्या १ हजार भन्दा माथि थियो। यी मध्ये केही सैनिक खेतालाहरूको रूपमा नुवाकोट पुराइएको थियो। तत्पश्चात कालु पाँडेले नुवाकोट रक्षा तैनाथ रहेका जयन्त रानालाई गोर्खामा मिल्नु बाहेक उनको लागि अन्य भलाइ नभएको पत्र पठाएका थिए। तर जयन्त रानाले काठमाडौँ पुगी गोर्खालीहरूबाट सम्भावित आक्रमणको जानकारी दिँदै थप सैनिक र हातहतियार माग गरेका थिएँ। तर उपत्यकामा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को चहलपहल रहेकाले [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले जयन्त राणाको मागको उपेक्षा गरेका थिएँ। जयन्त रानाको छोरा शङ्खमणी राणाले नुवाकोटको सुरक्षामा तैनाथ रहेकको समयमा गोरखाबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, दलदर्मन शाह, चौतारा विष्णु शाह, काजी [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]] आदिले नुवाकोटलाई घेरा हाली एकैपटक आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। [[दलमर्दन शाह]]को हातबाट शखमणी राणाको मृत्यु भयो र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नुवाकोटमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

नुवाकोटमा गोरखालीहरूको कब्जा भएकाले नुवाकोटका सिपाहीहरू भागि वेलकोटमा अड्डा जमाई बसेकाले कालु पाँडेको तत्काल हमला नगर्ने सल्लाहलाई उपेक्षा गरी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वेलकोटमा हमला गरेका थिए। [[जयन्त राना]] यहाँ पक्राउ परेका थिए।

==नेपाल एकिकरणको प्रयत्न==
[[चित्र:Prithvinarayanshah.jpg|thumb|राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नेपाल एकीकरणको महायात्रा सुरू गरी र कैयौँ स्थानलाई नेपाल राष्ट्रमा गाभेर ४ जात र ३६ वर्णको साझा फूलबारीको सृष्टि गरेका थिएँ&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चार जात छत्तीस वर्णको नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.nepaltoday.com.np/home/politics_detail?id=4967|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;। पृथ्वीनारायणको उद्देश्यलाई युगको मागका रूपमा इतिहासकारहरूले हेरेका छन्। तत्कालीन बाइसे र चौबिसे राज्यहरू, उपत्यकाका विभाजित मल्ल राज्यहरू, पूर्वका किराँत र लिम्बूवान क्षेत्रहरू सबैतिर एउटा सशक्त राष्ट्रवादी शक्तिको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको थियो, जसको स्थान पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पाएका थिएँ।

===तनहुँमाथिको आक्रमण===
नुवाकोट र वेलकोटको विजयपछि गोरखालीहरूले लामीडाँडामा कब्जा गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहः जस्ले नेपालको यसरी एकिकरण गरेका थिएँ|युआरएल=https://www.maipokharinews.com/2020/01/pirthivi-naryan.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तर तनहुँद्वारा लामीडाँडा कब्जा गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले [[तनहुँ राज्य|तनहुँ]] र गोरखालीहरूबीच भिडन्तको सम्भावना बढेको थियो। तर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गुरु गौरेश्वर पन्तलाई पठाई तनहुँको राजा सॅंग सन्धि गर्ने भन्ने खबर पठाएकाले तनहुँका राजा त्रिविक्रम सेनविच केही समय वार्तालाप भएपछि निर्धारित समयानुसार तिरमा लुकी बसेमा गोर्खाली सैनिकहरूले त्रिविक्रम सेनलाई बन्दी बनाई छोटो समयका लागि तनहुँमाथि कब्जा गरेका थिएँ। यस प्रकारको कामबाट लमजुङ, कास्की, पर्वत आदि क्रुद्ध हुने सम्भावना भएकाले वि.स. १८१० मा [[तनहुँ राज्य#त्रिविक्रम सेन द्वितीय|त्रिविक्रम सेन]]लाई मुक्त गरेका थिएँ। वि.स. १८१२ मा गोर्खाली सैनिकले लमजुङ र तनहुँका संयुक्त फौजसँग युद्ध गर्न परेको थियो। यस युद्धमा गोर्खाले ठुलो जनधनको क्षति बेहोर्न परेको थियो। तर पनि नालदुम, दहचोक, महादेव पोखरी, सिरानचोकको साथै कुलेखानि, इपा, माल्टा आदिमा कब्जा भएकाले गोरखाको सिमाना मकवानपुरसम्म पुग्यो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===किर्तिपुरमाथि पहिलो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८१४ मा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले कीर्तिपुरमा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=जोगी पाल्न गरिबलाई दस्तुर|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/162040|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यसमा गोरखाको तर्फ १२०० सैनिक थिएँ। तर कीर्तिपुरले काठमाडौँ, ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका सैनिक समेत सहयोग मागेकाले किर्तिपुरतर्फ ३०० जति सैनिक थिएँ। यी दुईपक्षवीच बल्खु खोलामा ६ घन्टासम्म लडाइँ हुँदा धेरै गोरखालीहरूले [[वीरगति]] प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ। किर्तिपुरको कब्जामा परेका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह राजवध गर्न नहुने नैतिक नियमको कारणले मात्र यहाँ बाचेका थिएँ। 
कीर्तिपुरको पहिलो युद्धमा विरगती प्राप्त गरेका काजी [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]का ठाउँमा उनको छोरा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]]लाई र सेनापति पदमा [[शिवरामसिंह बस्न्यात|शिवराम सिंह बस्न्यात]]का छोरा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]लाई नियुक्त गरी सैनिक पुनर्गठन गर्ने अभिभारा सुम्पिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कालु पाँडेको बलिदानको इतिहासलाई स्मरण गर्नुपर्ने|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/47626|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; वि.स. १८१६ मा शिवपुरी र काभ्रेमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।

===मकवानपुर विजय===
वि.स. १८१९ को भदौ महिनामा [[वंशराज पाँडे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]ले सङ्गठन गरेको सैनिक साथै [[महोद्दामकिर्ति शाह]], [[दलमर्दन शाह]], [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]], नन्दु शाह, [[दलजित शाह]]हरूका साथ पठाएको ठुलो सङ्ख्यामा [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]मा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। यहा १० घन्टासम्म लडाइँ चलेको थियो र अन्तत: दिग्वन्ध्न सेनले आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ। &lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मकवानपुरगढी र पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://sadrishya.com/2021/01/11/858/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===गोरखा माथि आक्रमण ===
वि.स. १८२० मा दिग्वन्धन सेनलाई मद्धत गर्ने निहुमा [[तनहुँ जिल्ला|तनहुँ]]का राजा त्रिविक्रम सेन, [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को राजा [[मुकुन्द सेन]] तृतीय, [[कास्की जिल्ला|कास्की]]का राजा सिद्धिनारायण शाहको संयुक्त सैनिकले गोरखाको अधिनमा रहेको हर्मी, भिरकोट, धापकोट, चवाङ्गली, धौराली, लकान्कोटमाथि आक्रमण गरी लुटपाट गरेका थिएँ।

===किीर्तिपुरमाथि दोस्रो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८२१ को भदौ महिनामा शुरप्रताप शाह, दलजित शाह र श्री हर्ष पन्तको नेतृत्वमा किर्तिपुर माथि दोस्रो आक्रमण भएको थियो। यस युद्धमा पनि कीर्तिपुरलाई पहिले जस्तै उपत्यकाबाट सैनिक सहयोग प्राप्त नभए पनि किर्तिपुरका जनताले गोर्खाली सैनिकलाई गोपुर किल्ला तोडी किर्तिपुरमा प्रवेश गर्ने मौका दिएनन्। यस युद्धमा कीर्तिपुरद्वारा निसाना लगाइएको तिरबाट शुरप्रतापको आँखा फुट्नुका साथै अन्य केही फौज फर्कन वाध्य भएका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=परिचय&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी नारायण शाहः एक सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय|युआरएल=https://www.localsandesh.com/2018/01/11/3949/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो आक्रमण===
किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो पटकको युद्धको नेतृत्व काजी वंशराज पाडेले लिएका थिएँ। उनले चारैतिरबाट गोपुर किल्लालाई घेरी खेतालाका रूपमा केही सैनिक कीर्तिपुर पठाएका थिएँ। त्यसबखत किर्तिपुरमा धान भित्राउने समय परेकाले वंशराज कीर्तिपुरेहरूलाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गर्न भनेका थिएँ। यो युद्धमा किर्तिपुरलाई छिमेकी राज्यहरूबाट सैनिक सहयोग भएको थिएँन। वि.स. १८२२ चैत ३ गते धनवन्त काजीले गोपुर किल्लामा आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र कीर्तिपुर|युआरएल=https://www.ghatanarabichar.com/83071?amp_markup=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घटना र विचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===सल्यानसँगको सम्बन्ध===
वि.स १८२३ मा सल्यानी राजा श्रीकृष्ण शाहका छोरा रणभिम शाहसँग आफ्ना छोरी विलासकुमारीको विवाह गराई मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गरेका थिएँ। छिल्ली, दाङ, देउखरीलाई दाइजोको रूपमा दिएका थिएँ।

==काठमाडौँ उपत्यका माथिको आक्रमण==
किर्तिपुर गोर्खाको कब्जामा पर्न गएका निकट भविष्यमै उपत्यकामा आक्रमण सम्भावना भएकाले जयप्रकाश मल्लले ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाहरूसँग वैठक गरी गोर्खा सैनिकको विरुद्ध सशक्त सैनिक अभियान गर्नुपर्ने विचार व्यक्त गरेका थिएँ। तर ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाले अनुकुल प्रतिक्रिया नजनाएकाको र गोर्खालीको पहिलो आक्रमण कान्तिपुरमै हुनेछ भन्ने ठानी [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले अङ्ग्रेजहरूसँग सैनिक तथा हातहतियारको सहयोग मागेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]लाई सहयोग गर्न वि.स. १८२३ मा किनलकको नेतृत्वमा २४०० सैनिक पूर्वी नेपालको [[सिन्धुलीगढी]] हुँदै काठमाडौँ तिर बढेको थियो। यो कुराको जानकारी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई पहिले नै भएकाले [[सिन्धुलीगढी]]को रक्षार्थ बिरभद्र पाँडे र वीरभद्र उपाध्याय र वंशु गुरुङको समूह ढुङ्गेवासमाथि आइपुग्दा वंशु गुरुङले प्रत्यासित रूपमा चढाई गरे भने अघि बढीसकेको फौजमाथि वंशराज र वीरभद्र उपाध्यायको फौजले पौवागढीमा आक्रमण गरेकाले सारा अङ्ग्रेज फौज आफुसँग रहेको हातहतियार र बन्दुकहरू छाडी आफ्नो प्राण बचाउन जङ्गलतर्फ भागाभाग गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह आफैंले ‘अपरेसन’ गरेको त्यो युद्ध रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.khabarhub.com/2019/20/66036/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=खबरहब|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===कान्तिपुरमाथि आक्रमण===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उपत्यकालाई चारैतर्फबाट घेरी नाकाबन्दी गरेकाले उपत्यकामा चरम आर्थिक सङ्कट छाएको थियो। त्यसमा पनि काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल कठोर विचार, घमण्डी र संकालु प्रवृतिका भएकाले रानी र भारदारहरू रिसाई उनलाई पदच्युत गरी उनका छोरा राज्यप्रकाश शाहलाई राजा बनाएका थिएँ। तर पछि उनले पुन: आफ्नो सत्ता प्राप्त गरे तर उनलाई आफ्नो छोरा, रानी र भारदारहरूको सहानुभूति प्राप्त भएन। आफ्नो शक्ति कायम राख्न विदेशी सैनिक झिकाई देवी देवताको गुठि मासेकाले धर्मप्राण नेपाली जनता क्षुब्ध भएका थिएँ भने विदेशी सैनिकलाई बढी तलब समेत दिने गरेकाले कान्तिपुरका सैनिकमा निराशा उत्पन्न भएको थियो। 
===ललितपुरको पतन===
यस्तो स्थति बुझेर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.स. १८२५ असोज १३ मा [[इन्द्रजात्रा|इन्द्र जात्रा]]को समय पारि नरदेवी, टुडिखेल र भिमसेनस्थान गरी ३ तर्फबाट आक्रमण गरी कान्तिपुर माथि विजय गरेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]] भागेर ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिह मल्लका गई शरण लिएका थिएँ। 
वि. स. १८२५ असोज २५ गते पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले धनवन्त र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]लाई ललितपुर पठाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गराउन पठाएका थिएँ। पाटनका राजा विना कुनै युद्ध भागेका थिएँ। 

===भक्तपुर विजय===
{{मुख्य|भक्तपुरको युद्ध}}
काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल र ललितपुरका राजा [[तेज नरसिंह मल्ल|तेजनरसिह मल्ल]] भागेर भक्तपुरका राजा [[रणजित मल्ल|रणजित मल्ल]]को शरणमा पुगेका थिएँ। राजा रणजित मल्लले आत्मासम्पर्णको सट्टा छिमेकी राज्य र अङ्ग्रेजसँग समेत सीक सहयोग मागेकाले अनावश्यक ढिलासुस्ती गर्न झुने सम्झी भक्तपुर माथि आक्रमण गर्न वंशराज पाण्डे, कहरसिंह बस्न्यात, रामकृष्ण कुँवर, अमरसिंंह थापा, कालीदास खड्का आदिका साथ १५०० सशस्त्र फौज पठाएका थिएँ। भक्तपुरमा युद्ध भयो जसमा ठुलो जनधनको क्षति भएको थियो। झन्डै २००० भन्दा बढीको मृत्यु र ५०० भन्दा बढी घर ध्वस्त भएको थियो। हार स्वरूप वि.स. १८२६ मङ्सिर १ गते रणजित मल्लले आत्मसमर्पण गरे। यसै युद्धमा जयप्रकाश मल्लको खुट्टामा गोलि लागेको थियो। उनको इच्छा अनुसार पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उनलाई पशुपति जाने व्यवस्था मिलाई दिएका थिएँ ६७ वर्षीय वयोवृद्ध मितबाबु रणजित मल्लले इच्छा बमोजिम उनलाई काशीबासको उचित व्यवस्था मिलाएका थिएँ। त्यहाँ पुगेको १८ महिना पछि उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो। ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिंह मल्लले कुनै इच्छा व्यक्त नगरेकाले उनलाई आजीवन भक्तपुर दरबारमा कैद गरिएको थियो।

==चौबिसे राज्यमाथि आक्रमण==
उपत्यकाका तिनैवटा शहरमा अधिकार कायम भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पश्चिममा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिस राज्य]] विजय गर्न वि.स. १८२८ मा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]को नेतृत्वमा पठाएको फौज र चौविस राज्यका संयुक्त फौजबीच वि.स. १८२८ मा घमासान युद्ध भएको थियो। १६ घण्टाको अविरल युद्ध हुँदा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]सहित ५०० भन्दा बढी गोर्खालीले वीरगत प्राप्त गर्नुका साथै [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]], प्रभु मल्ल जस्ता सेनापतिहरू पनि शत्रुको कब्जामा पर्न गएकाले रणवीर पाँडे र प्रभु मल्लले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुलाई बुझाई बाँकी सैनिक लिई निराश भई पराजित अवस्थामा काठमाडौँ पुगेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुपक्षलाई सम्पर्ण गर्नेहरूको जागिर समाप्ति गरी बन्दुक मोल बापत ६० रुपैयाँ लिएका थिएँ। यो पराजयले गोर्खालीहरूको महत्त्वकांक्ष, मान, प्रतिष्ठामा चोट लागेको थियो भने शत्रुहरूमा गोर्खा विरुद्ध कडा मुकाविला गरेमा विजय हुन् सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रतिरक्षात्मक भावना जागृत गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास वैधानिकताको प्रश्न|युआरएल=https://nayayougbodh.com/opinion/2020/01/12/968429|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=युगबोध राष्ट्रिय दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==पूर्व सेन राज्यसँग युद्ध ==
१८२८;भदौ १३ मा [[रामकृष्ण कुँवर]]लाई पलञ्चोकबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पूर्वतर्फ विस्तार गुर्न सेनापति बनाए। अमरसिंह थापालाई उनका नायब गराई २६००सिपाहीसाथ पहाडैपहाड ओल्लो किरातबाट कूच गराए। त्यो नेपाली सेनाले दूधकोसी नदी तरी चौदण्डी दाखिल हुँदा त्रिलोचन उपाध्याय र हरिनन्द उपाध्याय पोखरेलले टूलो सहयोग गरे। खम्बूसेना र नेपाकी (गोर्खा) सेना बीच हलेसी, रावा, दिङ्ला, माझकिरात क्षेत्रमा झडपह्ग्रू भए। किरातका विषालु धनुकाणको मारले नेपाली सेना आक्रान्त भए तापन विजय नेपालकै भयो। बिसं १८२९ माघ भरमा माझकिरातमा नेपालको अधिकार भयि। पहाडी भाग मात्र त्यहाँसम्म दखल भएको हुँदा तलहट्टीमा पनि विजय गर्नुपर्ने स्थिति देखा परुओ। मुख्य काथिनता पहाडी भागमा नै पर्थ्यो, त्यो दखल भयो। 

तराईको भूभागलाई कब्जा गर्न बख्सी अभिम्क्सनसिंह बस्न्यातलाई खटाई पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले अङ्ग्रेज गभर्नर वारेन हेस्ट्ङ्सलाई पत्र लेखे। बि.सं १८३० जेठ मा लेखेको पत्रमा विजयपुरका राजा कामदत्त सेन आफ्ना दाजु हुनाले निजको हत्या दिवान बुद्धिकर्ण राईले गरेकाले निजको बदला लिन सेबा पठाएकाले अङ्ग्रेज सरकारले बुद्धिकर्णलाई सहयोग नगर्ने अनुरोधका साय्है त्यताको रैरकम के गर्नुपर्ने हो आफूले मिलाउने कुरा पनि उल्लेख गरिएको थियो। त्यस पत्रको आशय अङ्ग्रेजले विरोधीलाई साय्ह नदिउन् भन्ने थियो।

==मृत्यु==
[[चित्र:विदुर नगरपालिका वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[विदुर नगरपालिका]] वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ ]]
वि.सं. १८३१ (सन् १७७४) मङ्सिरको मध्यतिर जाडो छल्न नुवाकोट गएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरबार]]मा बिमारी परेका थिएँ। स्वास्थ्य झन्-झन् खराब हुँदै गएपछि उनैको इच्छाअनुसार त्यहाँको [[देवीघाट]] लगिएको थियो। नौ दिनसम्म घाटमै रही माघ १ गते बिहान सात बजे उनको निधन भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; कतै कतै सिकार खेल्न गएको बेलामा बाघको आक्रमणमा परी गहिरो चोट परी घाइते भएको हिँदा मृत्यु भएको समेत उल्लेख छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सञ्जीवन महर्जन|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु|युआरएल=https://saptahik.com.np/history/2016/03/30/20160330121932|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=साप्ताहिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; घाटमै राखिएको बेला उनले नेपालको भूराजनीतिक अवस्था, सामाजिक जीवन, प्रतिरक्षा र विकासका सन्दर्भमा उपदेशहरू दिएका थिएँ, जसलाई '[[दिव्योपदेश]]' समेत भनिन्छ। &lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112022040/http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html |date=2015-01-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;नेपाल दुई ढुङ्गाबीचको तरुल जस्तो रहेछ। दक्षिणको बादशाह महाचतुर रहेछ। जाइकटक नगर्नु, झिकी कटक गर्नु। नेपाल चार वर्ण, छत्तिस जातको साझा फूलबारी हो।&quot; इत्यादि सान्दर्भिक उपदेशहरू पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=विजयका पर्याय पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2021/01/04/373489/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[माघे सङ्क्रान्ति]]का दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा उकुच र ठेउला आएर नुवाकोट जिल्लामा पर्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी|त्रिशुली]] र तादी नदीको सङ्गम 'मोहन तिर्थ' वा [[देवीघाट]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;

== नीति ==

=== आर्थिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आर्थिक समृद्धिका बारेमा पनि धेरै कुरा व्यक्त गरेका छन्। मुलुक गरिब भयो भने सुरक्षित रहन सक्दैन भन्ने उनको मान्यता रहेको थियो। सरकारले कर उठाउनका लागि कसैलाई ठेक्का नदिइकन आफैँले सो कार्य गर्नु पर्छ भन्ने उनले धारणा रहेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=  डा. जयराज आचार्य|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको परराष्ट्र नीतिका पञ्चतत्व|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/651810|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तात्कालिक समयमा, उनले पूर्व र पश्चिमको बाटोहरू बन्द गर्दै काठमाडौँसम्मको यातायातको बाटो खुलाउने इच्छा राखेका थिएँ।
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनको कृति दिव्योपदेशमा उनले विदेशी व्यापारीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गरेभने यसलाई मरुभूमि बनाएर छोड्ने धारणामा रहेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणः राष्ट्रनिर्माता कि विस्तारवादका नाइके ?|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/74048|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस्तै सन्दर्भमा उनले विदेशी कपडा लगाउनलाई बहिष्कार गर्ने सल्लाह दिएका थिएँ र स्थानीय मानिसहरूलाई कपडा बुन्न प्रशिक्षण समेत दिएका थिएँ। स्थानीय सम्पत्ति देशबाट बाहिर जान नहुने उनको विश्वास रहेको थियो। उनले नेपाली जडिबुटीलाई विदेशी भूमिमा बेच्न र यसबाट प्राप्त सम्पत्तिलाई देशमा फिर्ता ल्याउन प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिएँ। उनी पैसा देश भित्र मात्र रहेको हेर्न चाहन्थे। उनले प्रसिद्ध भनाइमा उनले, &quot;प्रजा मोटो भए दरबार पनि बलियो रहन्छ&quot; भनेर बताएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=इतिहासलाई जोगाएर राख्नु पर्छ; मार्नु हुन्न|युआरएल=https://www.brtnepal.com/2019/01/09/74013.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्रिटनेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== रक्षा नीति ===

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले किल्लाहरू निर्माणमा जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनले नेपालको भूमिलाई भगवान आफैले बनाएको प्राकृतिक किल्लाको रूपमा लिएका थिएँ। उनले शिवपुरी, फूलचौकी, चन्द्रगिरी, महादेवपोखरी, पालुङ, डापाचा र काहुलेमा बलियो किल्ला तयार पार्न र प्रत्येकमा तोप राख्न सुझाव दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई के ले विजयी बनायो ?|युआरएल=https://www.dekhapadhi.com/news/5107|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=देखापढी अनलाइन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; भन्ज्याङमा फलामेका ढोकाहरू निर्माण गर्न र ती सबैमा तोपहरू तयारी अवस्थामा राख्ने गरि उनले निर्माण गराएका थिएँ जसमा उनले देशलाई जासूस, शरणार्थी, हत्यारा आदिबाट जोगाउने विश्वास गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=बडामहाराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको दिव्य उपदेश|last=आचार्य, बाबुराम|first=नरहरिनाथ, योगी|publisher=श्रीकृष्ण आचार्य|year=२०१४|isbn=978-99933-912-1-0|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=४,५}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== धार्मिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहमा धार्मिक श्रद्धा निकै रहेको थियो। यीनी काली र [[गोरखनाथ]]का उपासक थिए। यसकारण ले उनले आफ्ना छापमा आफ्नो नाम नलेखी कालीको नामान्तर भवानी र यिनको हतियार [[खड्ग]] राखिदिए। कालीका पूजामा सिन्दूरको प्रयोग हुने हुनाले यो छापमा लगाउँदा पनि सिन्दूरकै व्यवहार गर्ने नियम गरे। यस कारण यो छाप [[लालमोहर]] भन्ने नामले प्रसिद्ध भयो। राज्य भवानीको हो, संरक्षक मा हुँ भन्ने भावना यिनको मनमा थियो। यिनका उत्तराधिकारी महाराजहरूले पनि यस छापलाई आफ्नो छाप मानेर त्यस भावनालाई कायमै राखे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले चाँदीका टकमा एकापट्टि आफ्नो नाम राखेर अर्कापट्टि भवानी र गोरखनाथ को नाम समेत छपाउने नियम गरे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[हिन्दु धर्म|सनातन धर्म]]का पक्षपाती भए पनि [[बौद्ध धर्म]]को आदर गर्दथे। यिनले [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] दखल गरे पछी भोटका सक्य लामाले सिम्भु [[चैत्य]] मर्मत गर्न लाग्दा मेरुदण्डको लागि चाहिने अग्राखको लिङ्गो नुवाकोटबाट पथाइदिएका थिए। कीर्तिपुर दखल हुने बित्तिकै त्यहाँका चैत्यका निमित्त केही जमीन दाङ पनि दिए। सेसातका मल्ल राजाहरोका इष्टदेवता टावर वा [[तलेजु भवानी|तलेज्यूका]] पूजाआज्ञा पनि पूर्ववत् कायम राखे। नयाँ रियासत जितिएपछी त्यहाँका देवीदेवताका देवलहरू मर्मत गर्ने र यिनका आजापूजालाई [[गुठी]] जमिन बढाइदिने भारदारहरूको पहिलो काम हुन्थ्यो। यस काममा [[अमरसिंह थापा]] (बडा) विशेष प्रसिद्ध थिए.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=इतिहास शिरोमणी बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |issue=81 |pages=72 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008091759/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |date=2023-10-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==दिव्योपदेश==
{{Quote box
| quote = मेरा साना दुखले आर्ज्याको मुलुक होइन यो चार जात छात्तिस वर्णको साझा फूलबारी हो सबलाई चेतना भया।}}
{{मुख्य|दिव्योपदेश}}[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|श्री ५ बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] आफ्नो अन्तिम समयमा [[शेरा दरबार]] दिएका दिव्योपदेशका कारणले चर्चित छन्। उनका उपदेशहरू आजपनि समय सान्दर्भिक रहेको धेरैको बुझाइ रहेको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज कँडेल|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणका दिव्योपदेशको सान्दर्भिकता|युआरएल=https://gautambuddhasandesh.com/?p=7491|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

पृथ्वीनारायण नारायण शाहका अनुसार &quot;बुढाहरू मर्दा कोहि अर्ति दिन्छन्, पछिल्ला पुस्तालाई ती कुरा गतिला हुनाले एकले अर्कालाई भन्दै राज्य सञ्चालन गर्दै जान्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८५&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायणले आफ्नो अन्तिम समय तिर भारदारहरूलाई उपदेश दिएका दिए। उनका अन्तिम सन्देशहरूबाट त्यस्ता पेचिला र चोटिला कुराहरू झल्कन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चेतना भया|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/136753-1515644040.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== सन्तानहरू ==
[[File:Idols - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|thumb|Idols of PrithviNarayan Shah with his two wives]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |नाम
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |जन्म
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |विवाह
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |मृत्यु
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |बच्चाहरू
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |जीवनसाथी
!मिति
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[प्रतापसिंह शाह|युवराजाधिराज प्रतापसिंह]]
|५ बैशाख १८०८ 
|[[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी देवी]]''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|
|वि.सं. १८४२
|[[रणबहादुर शाह|युवराजाधिराज रणबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[विदुरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार विदुरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शेरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार शेरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[बहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार बहादुर]]
|वि.सं. १८१४ असार ६ 
|विद्या लक्ष्मी देवी
|
|वि.सं. १५ असार १८५४ 
|[[रिपू मर्दन शाह|अधिराजकुमार रिपू मर्दन]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शत्रु मन्जन शाह|अधिराजकुमार शत्रु मन्जन]]
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[विलासकुमारी|अधिराजकुमारी विलासकुमारी]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[रणभीम शाह]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |१७६६
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|
|-
|
|-
!चौतारिया रणसिंह शाह 
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== स्मारक ==

* [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग|पृथ्वी राज मार्ग]]
* पृथ्वी राजपथ
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[सिंहदरबार|सिंह दरबार]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर्]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक, [[चन्द्रागिरी डाँडा|चन्द्रागिरि]]
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, राष्ट्र बिभुती पार्क, पोखरा
* [[पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पस|पृथ्वी नारायण क्याम्पस]] , पोखरा
* पृथ्वी संग्राहलय
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, सिन्धुली गदी 

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
===उद्धरणहरू===
{{Reflist}}

===पुस्तकहरू===
* {{Cite web |last=दाहाल |first=पेशल |date=२०५७ |title=नेपालको इतिहास |url=https://archive.org/details/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/mode/2up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://ia802509.us.archive.org/23/items/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/Nepalko%20Itihas%20by%20Peshal%20Dahal_text.pdf |archive-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |access-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |publisher=एम. के. पब्लिशर्स एण्ड डिस्ट्रिब्यूटर्स|ref = {{harvid|दाहाल|२०५७}}}}


{{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}}
{{नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू}}
{{नेपालको शाह राजवंशको वंशवृक्ष}}
{{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[शाह वंश]]|२७ पुस|१७७९|१ माघ|१९३१}}
{{S-reg|}}
|-
{{succession box | before = [[नरभूपाल शाह]] | title = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखा]]का राजा | years = १७९९–१८३१| after = नेपालको राजाको रूपमा}}
{{succession box | before = गोरखाको राजाको रूपमा| title = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]] | years = १८३१–१८३४ | after = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]}}{{s-end}}

{{मूल_सर्ट:शाह, पृथ्वीनारायण}}
[[श्रेणी:विशाल नेपाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:पृथ्वीनारायण शाह| ]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:खस जाति]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखाका राजाहरू]]</text>
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{{Infobox royalty
| name         = पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| title        = [[श्री ५]] [[महाराज|बडामहाराजाधिराज सरकार]] &lt;br /&gt; हिन्दव धर्मोद्धारक &lt;br /&gt; (हिन्दू धर्मका संरक्षक)
| image        = King Prithvi Narayan Shah.jpg
| caption      = श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| succession1  = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखाका  राजा]]
| succession   = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]]
| predecessor1 = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| predecessor  = ''पद स्थापित''
| successor1   = ''पद खारेज'' &lt;br /&gt; {{small|(''स्वयं [[नेपालका राजा]]को रूपमा'')}}
| successor    = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]
| royal house  = [[शाह वंश]]
| house-type   = वंश
| father       = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| mother       = [[रानी कौसल्यावती|कौसल्यावती शाह]]
| issue        = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] &lt;br&gt; [[बहादुर शाह]] &lt;br/&gt; [[विलासकुमारी]] &lt;br&gt;रणसिंह शाह
| religion     = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]]
| birth_date   = १७७९ पुष २७&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=बाबुराम|last=आचार्य|title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको सङ्क्षिप्त जीवनी - भाग १  |page=४२|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_date   = १८३१ माघ १ (५२ वर्ष)&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign        = १८२५ असोज १० – १८३१ पुस २८
| reign1       = १७९९ चैत २१ – १८२५ असोज १०
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[इन्द्रकुमारी देवी]]|1794}}
*{{marriage|[[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी शाह]]|1796}}
}}
| birth_place  = [[गोरखा दरबार]], [[गोरखा राज्य]] (हाल को [[गोर्खा जिल्ला]], नेपाल 
| death_place  = [[देवीघाट]], [[नेपाल  अधिराज्य  ]] (हाल को [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]], नेपाल) 
}}
'''श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' (वि.सं.१७७९-१८३१) शाहवंशीय राजा थिए। स-साना राज्यहरूमा बाँडिएका [[बाइसे राज्यहरू|बाईसे]] तथा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिसे]] राज्यहरूलाई एकत्रित गरेर एउटै देशको सृजना गर्ने यिनी आधुनिक नेपालको राष्ट्रनिर्माताको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कृष्णराज गौतम|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको सम्झनामा पुष २७ गते नेपालमा [[पृथ्वी जयन्ती|राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस]] मनाउने गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=योगी नरहरीनाथका दुर्लभ पुस्तक प्रदर्शनीमा राखिँदै|युआरएल=https://www.prasashan.com/2018/01/11/52650/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रशासन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपालमा बि.सं. २००७ साल सम्म [[राणा वंश|राणा शासन]] थियो भने [[सात सालको क्रान्ति]] पश्चात् नेपालमा आएको प्रजातन्त्र पश्चात् [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले नेपालमा राष्ट्रपिता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्मोत्सव मनाउनु पर्छ भनेर प्रक्रिया सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज गौतम|शीर्षक=राष्ट्रनायकको अठोट|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/168615-1547173560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स-साना क्षेत्र जस्तै (भिरकोट, कास्की, लम्जुङ, गोरखा) मा राज्य गरिरहेको शाहवंशलाई पुरै नेपालको राजवंशमा रूपान्तरण गर्दै आधुनिक नेपालको जग बसालेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=त्रिरत्न|last=मानन्धर|title=नेपालको एकीकरण|page=215|publisher=साझा प्रकाशन|location=काठमाडौँ|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले सुरू गरेको एकिकरण अभियान बढ्दै गएर नेपाल राज्यको सिमाना पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिष्टा नदी]], दक्षिणमा मगध र पश्चिममा [[सतलज नदी]] सम्म विस्तार भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=तुलसीराम वैद्य|शीर्षक=जसले नेपालको जग बसाए|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-09-23/20170923104348.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; बि.सं.१८७१ कात्तिक १८ गते सुरु भएको [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] पश्चात् गरिएको [[सुगौली सन्धि]] सम्म यो भू-भाग नेपालको अधिनमा रहेको थियो। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८३१ माघे सङ्क्रान्तिका दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को [[देवीघाट]]मा मृत्यु भए तापनि नेपाल एकिकरण अभियान जेठी बुहारी [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]], कान्छा छोरा [[बहादुर शाह]] लगायतले अगाडि बढाइ रहेका थिए।&lt;section begin=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt; नेपाल एकिकरण अभियानको पूर्णविराम चाहीँ उनको पनाती [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|राजा गिर्वाण युद्ध विक्रम शाह]]का पालामा भएको नेपाल-अङ्ग्रेज [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|युद्ध]] पछि भएको थियो। वि.सं. १८७३ सालमा [[सुगौली सन्धि|सुगौलीको सन्धि]] नहुञ्जेल सम्म पुरा ७२ वर्षसम्म एकीकरण अभियान चलेको थियो। बि.सं. २००९ सालदेखि [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले सरकारसँग समन्वय गरेर एउटा समारोह समिति गठन गरी आफै त्यो समितिमा बसेर '''राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस''' तथा '''[[पृथ्वी जयन्ती]]'''को रूपमा मनाउन प्रारम्भ गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-events/articles-events-prithibi-jayanti|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी जयन्ती / राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्म वि.सं. १७७९ पुष २७ गते बिहिबार [[गोरखा दरबार]]मा पिता [[नरभूपाल शाह]] आमा [[रानी कौसल्यावती]]को कोखमा भएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} शाहको हेरविचार महारानी [[चन्द्रप्रभावती]]ले गरेकी थिइन् र सुरूदेखि नै उनलाई [[रामायण]], [[महाभारत]] र पछि गएर शुक्रनीतिको ज्ञान दिइएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} धनुवाण, [[तरबार]], [[घोडसवारी]] दौड आदिमा पनि उनी निपूर्ण भएको मानिन्छ।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}}

उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] की राजकुमारी इन्द्रकुमारीसॅंग भएको थियो। गोरखा र मकवानपुरबीच ओहोर दोहोर गर्नु पर्दा उपत्यकाको भू-बनोट र त्यहाँको आर्थिक अवस्थालाई उनले राम्रोसँग नियालेका थिए। सो समयमा गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएन। त्यसैकारणले उनले अन्नपातले सम्पन्न र उन्नतिशील काठमाडौँ उपत्यकालाई विजय गर्ने मनसाय बनाइसकेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, राष्ट्रियता र समावेशी संस्कार|url=http://setopati.com/blog/22658/|accessdate=27 January 2015|publisher=सेतोपाटी|quote=अनुसन्धानकर्ता इतिहासकारहरूले भन्छन्, “गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएँन।” त्यसैकारणले राजाको मात्र होइन गोरखाली जनताको पनि राज्य विस्तार गर्ने चाहना थियो। यो कुरा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको उपदेशमा लेखिएको, “यी ३ नै देश (काठमाडौँ, पाटन, भक्तपुर) को राजा हुन पाया त हुँदो हो।” भन्ने उनको भनाइबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ।}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118062029/http://setopati.com/blog/22658/ |date=18 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ आएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गोरखा दरबारको तर्फबाट ल्याएका पगरी [[भक्तपुर जिल्ला|भक्तपुर]]का राजा रणजित मल्ललाई दिए भने त्यसको कदरस्वरूप रणजित मल्लले राजकुमार वीरनरसिंह मल्लसँग उनको मितेरी लगाई दरबारमा स-सम्मान लामो अवधिसम्म राखेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : उत्तरबाट सुन किन्थे, दक्षिणबाट चाँदी, यस्तो थियो रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.bizshala.com/story/-2786|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बिजशाला|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; गोरखा फर्किदा चाँगुनारायण, पशुपति र गुहेश्वरी पशुपतिनाथको दर्शन गर्न गएको कुरा थाहा पाई काठमाडौँका राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले उनलाई दरबारमा ल्याई उनीसँग मितेरी लगाएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मितेरी साइनोको मूल्य|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/58672|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[चित्र:Idols_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg|thumb|पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र उनका दुई रानीको शालिक, यो शालिक [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरवारमा]] रहेको छ।]]
उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]]का राजा [[हेमकर्ण सेन]]की छोरी इन्द्रकुमारी सँग वि.सं. १७९४ मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=निष्णु थिङ|शीर्षक=विवाहको राजनीति|युआरएल=https://www.indigenousvoice.com/1058.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; मकवानपुर त्यसबेलाको एक शक्तिशाली राज्य भएकाले त्यससँग नाता जोडेर राजनीतिक लाभ लिने उद्देश्यले यो विवाह भएको थियो तर पछि [[हेमकर्ण सेन]] ले असमर्थता जनाएका थिएँ। उनको दोस्रो विवाह [[बनारस|काशी]]का [[अभिमानसिंह राजपुत]]की छोरी [[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]सँग भएको थियो। नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मीबाट [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] र [[बहादुर शाह]]को जन्म भएको थियो। मितबुवा [[रणजित मल्ल]]ले  वि.सं. १८०३ मा आफ्नो दरबारमा पाहुना भएर बसेको समय मितछोरा गोरखाली राजा पृथ्वीनारायणलाई उनको सेवासुसारका लागि नेवार जातिकी मैजुकन्या ‘उपहार’ दिएका हुन्। पृथ्वीनारायण नुवाकोट आएपछि ती मैजुकन्या उनको भित्रिनी (उपरानी) बनिन्। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी यी नेवार भित्रिनीतिरबाट एक छोराको जन्म भएको थियो। उनको नाम नरसिंह (रणसिंह) थियो। उनी [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]को राज्यकालमा दरबारका एक [[चौतारिया|चौतरिया]] थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=किन ओझेलमा पारिइन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी नेवार रानी? |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20230609-queen-of-prithbinarayan-shaha/7511 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Ukaalo |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== शासनकाल ==
वि.सं. १७९९ मा राजा [[नरभूपाल शाह]]को मृत्यू भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण २० वर्षको उमेरमा गोरखाका राजा भएका थिएँ। उनले प्रचलित नियम अनुसार आफू राज-सिंहासनमा रहने बित्तिकै माहिला भाइ महिद्दाम्कीर्ति शाहलाई चौतारा पदवी दिएका थिएँ।  आफ्ना मुख्यमन्त्री र सेनापति भर्ना गर्नलाई यस अघिका काजी विराज थापा बूढा भैसकेका हुनाले एक योग्य नवयुवकको खोजी गरिरहेका थिएँ। गोरखाका रैतीले [[भीमराज पाँडे]]का छोरा [[कालु पाँडे]] रोजेका र यिनले [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजासँग चलाखीका साथ सन्धी गरी राजनीतिमा योग्यता देखाएका हुनाले यिनैलाई कज्याईँ दिई मुख्यमन्त्री बनाएका थिएँ।  

राजा हुनुअगावै उनले वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको राजनीतिक रहनसहन राम्रोसँग अध्ययन गरिसकेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको काठमाडौँ उपत्यका र पूर्वी क्षेत्र विजय गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले आफ्ना प्रवल विरोधी शक्ति [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजा रिपुमर्दन शाहसंग वि.स. १७९९ मा एक सन्धि गरेका थिई जस अनुसार दुवै राज्यवीच मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गर्ने [[कास्की राज्य|कास्की]]को अर्घामाथि कब्जा गर्न सफल भएमा त्यहाँको काठ कास्कीलाई दिने आदि शर्तमा उल्लेख थियो। 

===दोस्रो नुवाकोट आक्रमण ===
पिता नरभूपालको एकीकरणको सपना साकार पार्न वि.सं. १८०० मा [[विराज थापा मगर]] र [[महेश्वर पन्त]]को नेतृत्वमा उनले नुवाकोट आक्रमण गराएका थिएँ तर नुवाकोटबाट गोर्खालीहरूले पराजयको सामना गर्नु परेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== काशी यात्रा ===
नुवाकोटको युद्धमा पराजयको सामना गर्नुपरेकाले आवश्यक हातहतियारहरू सङ्कलनार्थ  '''पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' वनारस पुगेका थिएँ।  उनले काशी जाँदा शासनको बागडोर जेठी आमा चन्द्रप्रभाका हातमा छोडेका थिएँ। पिता नरभूपालले  पुण्य प्राप्त गरून् भनी काशीको यात्रा गरी आफ्नो [[भारद्वाज गोत्र|भारद्वाज]] गोत्रबाट काश्यप गोत्रमा [[गोत्र]] परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन गोत्र परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले?|युआरएल=https://www.nepalipublic.com/news/4766|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाली पब्लिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; सोहि बेलामा तिर्थ गर्न भनी गएका जाजरकोटका राजा हरी शाहसँग उनले राज्य विस्तार गर्दा गोरखा र जाजरकोटले एक अर्कालाई वाधा र कुभलो नचिताउने कुराहरू बारे सन्धि गरेका थिएँ।

===नुवाकोट आक्रमण तथा विजय ===
दोस्रो पटक पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८०१ मा [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]को सेनापतित्वमा नुवाकोटमाथि हमला गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आधुनिक नेपाल राष्ट्रनिर्माणमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको भूमिका !|युआरएल=https://www.bidharthi.com/content/118|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=विद्यार्थी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस पटक गोर्खाका १२-२० वर्षसम्मका सबै युवाहरूलाई सशस्त्र तयारी गरीएको थियो भने सैनिकहरूको सङ्ख्या १ हजार भन्दा माथि थियो। यी मध्ये केही सैनिक खेतालाहरूको रूपमा नुवाकोट पुराइएको थियो। तत्पश्चात कालु पाँडेले नुवाकोट रक्षा तैनाथ रहेका जयन्त रानालाई गोर्खामा मिल्नु बाहेक उनको लागि अन्य भलाइ नभएको पत्र पठाएका थिए। तर जयन्त रानाले काठमाडौँ पुगी गोर्खालीहरूबाट सम्भावित आक्रमणको जानकारी दिँदै थप सैनिक र हातहतियार माग गरेका थिएँ। तर उपत्यकामा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को चहलपहल रहेकाले [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले जयन्त राणाको मागको उपेक्षा गरेका थिएँ। जयन्त रानाको छोरा शङ्खमणी राणाले नुवाकोटको सुरक्षामा तैनाथ रहेकको समयमा गोरखाबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, दलदर्मन शाह, चौतारा विष्णु शाह, काजी [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]] आदिले नुवाकोटलाई घेरा हाली एकैपटक आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। [[दलमर्दन शाह]]को हातबाट शखमणी राणाको मृत्यु भयो र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नुवाकोटमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

नुवाकोटमा गोरखालीहरूको कब्जा भएकाले नुवाकोटका सिपाहीहरू भागि वेलकोटमा अड्डा जमाई बसेकाले कालु पाँडेको तत्काल हमला नगर्ने सल्लाहलाई उपेक्षा गरी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वेलकोटमा हमला गरेका थिए। [[जयन्त राना]] यहाँ पक्राउ परेका थिए।

==नेपाल एकिकरणको प्रयत्न==
[[चित्र:Prithvinarayanshah.jpg|thumb|राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नेपाल एकीकरणको महायात्रा सुरू गरी र कैयौँ स्थानलाई नेपाल राष्ट्रमा गाभेर ४ जात र ३६ वर्णको साझा फूलबारीको सृष्टि गरेका थिएँ&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चार जात छत्तीस वर्णको नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.nepaltoday.com.np/home/politics_detail?id=4967|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;। पृथ्वीनारायणको उद्देश्यलाई युगको मागका रूपमा इतिहासकारहरूले हेरेका छन्। तत्कालीन बाइसे र चौबिसे राज्यहरू, उपत्यकाका विभाजित मल्ल राज्यहरू, पूर्वका किराँत र लिम्बूवान क्षेत्रहरू सबैतिर एउटा सशक्त राष्ट्रवादी शक्तिको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको थियो, जसको स्थान पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पाएका थिएँ।

===तनहुँमाथिको आक्रमण===
नुवाकोट र वेलकोटको विजयपछि गोरखालीहरूले लामीडाँडामा कब्जा गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहः जस्ले नेपालको यसरी एकिकरण गरेका थिएँ|युआरएल=https://www.maipokharinews.com/2020/01/pirthivi-naryan.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तर तनहुँद्वारा लामीडाँडा कब्जा गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले [[तनहुँ राज्य|तनहुँ]] र गोरखालीहरूबीच भिडन्तको सम्भावना बढेको थियो। तर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गुरु गौरेश्वर पन्तलाई पठाई तनहुँको राजा सॅंग सन्धि गर्ने भन्ने खबर पठाएकाले तनहुँका राजा त्रिविक्रम सेनविच केही समय वार्तालाप भएपछि निर्धारित समयानुसार तिरमा लुकी बसेमा गोर्खाली सैनिकहरूले त्रिविक्रम सेनलाई बन्दी बनाई छोटो समयका लागि तनहुँमाथि कब्जा गरेका थिएँ। यस प्रकारको कामबाट लमजुङ, कास्की, पर्वत आदि क्रुद्ध हुने सम्भावना भएकाले वि.स. १८१० मा [[तनहुँ राज्य#त्रिविक्रम सेन द्वितीय|त्रिविक्रम सेन]]लाई मुक्त गरेका थिएँ। वि.स. १८१२ मा गोर्खाली सैनिकले लमजुङ र तनहुँका संयुक्त फौजसँग युद्ध गर्न परेको थियो। यस युद्धमा गोर्खाले ठुलो जनधनको क्षति बेहोर्न परेको थियो। तर पनि नालदुम, दहचोक, महादेव पोखरी, सिरानचोकको साथै कुलेखानि, इपा, माल्टा आदिमा कब्जा भएकाले गोरखाको सिमाना मकवानपुरसम्म पुग्यो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===किर्तिपुरमाथि पहिलो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८१४ मा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले कीर्तिपुरमा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=जोगी पाल्न गरिबलाई दस्तुर|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/162040|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यसमा गोरखाको तर्फ १२०० सैनिक थिएँ। तर कीर्तिपुरले काठमाडौँ, ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका सैनिक समेत सहयोग मागेकाले किर्तिपुरतर्फ ३०० जति सैनिक थिएँ। यी दुईपक्षवीच बल्खु खोलामा ६ घन्टासम्म लडाइँ हुँदा धेरै गोरखालीहरूले [[वीरगति]] प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ। किर्तिपुरको कब्जामा परेका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह राजवध गर्न नहुने नैतिक नियमको कारणले मात्र यहाँ बाचेका थिएँ। 
कीर्तिपुरको पहिलो युद्धमा विरगती प्राप्त गरेका काजी [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]का ठाउँमा उनको छोरा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]]लाई र सेनापति पदमा [[शिवरामसिंह बस्न्यात|शिवराम सिंह बस्न्यात]]का छोरा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]लाई नियुक्त गरी सैनिक पुनर्गठन गर्ने अभिभारा सुम्पिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कालु पाँडेको बलिदानको इतिहासलाई स्मरण गर्नुपर्ने|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/47626|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; वि.स. १८१६ मा शिवपुरी र काभ्रेमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।

===मकवानपुर विजय===
वि.स. १८१९ को भदौ महिनामा [[वंशराज पाँडे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]ले सङ्गठन गरेको सैनिक साथै [[महोद्दामकिर्ति शाह]], [[दलमर्दन शाह]], [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]], नन्दु शाह, [[दलजित शाह]]हरूका साथ पठाएको ठुलो सङ्ख्यामा [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]मा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। यहा १० घन्टासम्म लडाइँ चलेको थियो र अन्तत: दिग्वन्ध्न सेनले आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ। &lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मकवानपुरगढी र पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://sadrishya.com/2021/01/11/858/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===गोरखा माथि आक्रमण ===
वि.स. १८२० मा दिग्वन्धन सेनलाई मद्धत गर्ने निहुमा [[तनहुँ जिल्ला|तनहुँ]]का राजा त्रिविक्रम सेन, [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को राजा [[मुकुन्द सेन]] तृतीय, [[कास्की जिल्ला|कास्की]]का राजा सिद्धिनारायण शाहको संयुक्त सैनिकले गोरखाको अधिनमा रहेको हर्मी, भिरकोट, धापकोट, चवाङ्गली, धौराली, लकान्कोटमाथि आक्रमण गरी लुटपाट गरेका थिएँ।

===किीर्तिपुरमाथि दोस्रो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८२१ को भदौ महिनामा शुरप्रताप शाह, दलजित शाह र श्री हर्ष पन्तको नेतृत्वमा किर्तिपुर माथि दोस्रो आक्रमण भएको थियो। यस युद्धमा पनि कीर्तिपुरलाई पहिले जस्तै उपत्यकाबाट सैनिक सहयोग प्राप्त नभए पनि किर्तिपुरका जनताले गोर्खाली सैनिकलाई गोपुर किल्ला तोडी किर्तिपुरमा प्रवेश गर्ने मौका दिएनन्। यस युद्धमा कीर्तिपुरद्वारा निसाना लगाइएको तिरबाट शुरप्रतापको आँखा फुट्नुका साथै अन्य केही फौज फर्कन वाध्य भएका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=परिचय&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी नारायण शाहः एक सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय|युआरएल=https://www.localsandesh.com/2018/01/11/3949/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो आक्रमण===
किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो पटकको युद्धको नेतृत्व काजी वंशराज पाडेले लिएका थिएँ। उनले चारैतिरबाट गोपुर किल्लालाई घेरी खेतालाका रूपमा केही सैनिक कीर्तिपुर पठाएका थिएँ। त्यसबखत किर्तिपुरमा धान भित्राउने समय परेकाले वंशराज कीर्तिपुरेहरूलाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गर्न भनेका थिएँ। यो युद्धमा किर्तिपुरलाई छिमेकी राज्यहरूबाट सैनिक सहयोग भएको थिएँन। वि.स. १८२२ चैत ३ गते धनवन्त काजीले गोपुर किल्लामा आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र कीर्तिपुर|युआरएल=https://www.ghatanarabichar.com/83071?amp_markup=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घटना र विचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===सल्यानसँगको सम्बन्ध===
वि.स १८२३ मा सल्यानी राजा श्रीकृष्ण शाहका छोरा रणभिम शाहसँग आफ्ना छोरी विलासकुमारीको विवाह गराई मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गरेका थिएँ। छिल्ली, दाङ, देउखरीलाई दाइजोको रूपमा दिएका थिएँ।

==काठमाडौँ उपत्यका माथिको आक्रमण==
किर्तिपुर गोर्खाको कब्जामा पर्न गएका निकट भविष्यमै उपत्यकामा आक्रमण सम्भावना भएकाले जयप्रकाश मल्लले ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाहरूसँग वैठक गरी गोर्खा सैनिकको विरुद्ध सशक्त सैनिक अभियान गर्नुपर्ने विचार व्यक्त गरेका थिएँ। तर ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाले अनुकुल प्रतिक्रिया नजनाएकाको र गोर्खालीको पहिलो आक्रमण कान्तिपुरमै हुनेछ भन्ने ठानी [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले अङ्ग्रेजहरूसँग सैनिक तथा हातहतियारको सहयोग मागेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]लाई सहयोग गर्न वि.स. १८२३ मा किनलकको नेतृत्वमा २४०० सैनिक पूर्वी नेपालको [[सिन्धुलीगढी]] हुँदै काठमाडौँ तिर बढेको थियो। यो कुराको जानकारी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई पहिले नै भएकाले [[सिन्धुलीगढी]]को रक्षार्थ बिरभद्र पाँडे र वीरभद्र उपाध्याय र वंशु गुरुङको समूह ढुङ्गेवासमाथि आइपुग्दा वंशु गुरुङले प्रत्यासित रूपमा चढाई गरे भने अघि बढीसकेको फौजमाथि वंशराज र वीरभद्र उपाध्यायको फौजले पौवागढीमा आक्रमण गरेकाले सारा अङ्ग्रेज फौज आफुसँग रहेको हातहतियार र बन्दुकहरू छाडी आफ्नो प्राण बचाउन जङ्गलतर्फ भागाभाग गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह आफैंले ‘अपरेसन’ गरेको त्यो युद्ध रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.khabarhub.com/2019/20/66036/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=खबरहब|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===कान्तिपुरमाथि आक्रमण===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उपत्यकालाई चारैतर्फबाट घेरी नाकाबन्दी गरेकाले उपत्यकामा चरम आर्थिक सङ्कट छाएको थियो। त्यसमा पनि काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल कठोर विचार, घमण्डी र संकालु प्रवृतिका भएकाले रानी र भारदारहरू रिसाई उनलाई पदच्युत गरी उनका छोरा राज्यप्रकाश शाहलाई राजा बनाएका थिएँ। तर पछि उनले पुन: आफ्नो सत्ता प्राप्त गरे तर उनलाई आफ्नो छोरा, रानी र भारदारहरूको सहानुभूति प्राप्त भएन। आफ्नो शक्ति कायम राख्न विदेशी सैनिक झिकाई देवी देवताको गुठि मासेकाले धर्मप्राण नेपाली जनता क्षुब्ध भएका थिएँ भने विदेशी सैनिकलाई बढी तलब समेत दिने गरेकाले कान्तिपुरका सैनिकमा निराशा उत्पन्न भएको थियो। 
===ललितपुरको पतन===
यस्तो स्थति बुझेर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.स. १८२५ असोज १३ मा [[इन्द्रजात्रा|इन्द्र जात्रा]]को समय पारि नरदेवी, टुडिखेल र भिमसेनस्थान गरी ३ तर्फबाट आक्रमण गरी कान्तिपुर माथि विजय गरेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]] भागेर ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिह मल्लका गई शरण लिएका थिएँ। 
वि. स. १८२५ असोज २५ गते पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले धनवन्त र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]लाई ललितपुर पठाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गराउन पठाएका थिएँ। पाटनका राजा विना कुनै युद्ध भागेका थिएँ। 

===भक्तपुर विजय===
{{मुख्य|भक्तपुरको युद्ध}}
काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल र ललितपुरका राजा [[तेज नरसिंह मल्ल|तेजनरसिह मल्ल]] भागेर भक्तपुरका राजा [[रणजित मल्ल|रणजित मल्ल]]को शरणमा पुगेका थिएँ। राजा रणजित मल्लले आत्मासम्पर्णको सट्टा छिमेकी राज्य र अङ्ग्रेजसँग समेत सीक सहयोग मागेकाले अनावश्यक ढिलासुस्ती गर्न झुने सम्झी भक्तपुर माथि आक्रमण गर्न वंशराज पाण्डे, कहरसिंह बस्न्यात, रामकृष्ण कुँवर, अमरसिंंह थापा, कालीदास खड्का आदिका साथ १५०० सशस्त्र फौज पठाएका थिएँ। भक्तपुरमा युद्ध भयो जसमा ठुलो जनधनको क्षति भएको थियो। झन्डै २००० भन्दा बढीको मृत्यु र ५०० भन्दा बढी घर ध्वस्त भएको थियो। हार स्वरूप वि.स. १८२६ मङ्सिर १ गते रणजित मल्लले आत्मसमर्पण गरे। यसै युद्धमा जयप्रकाश मल्लको खुट्टामा गोलि लागेको थियो। उनको इच्छा अनुसार पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उनलाई पशुपति जाने व्यवस्था मिलाई दिएका थिएँ ६७ वर्षीय वयोवृद्ध मितबाबु रणजित मल्लले इच्छा बमोजिम उनलाई काशीबासको उचित व्यवस्था मिलाएका थिएँ। त्यहाँ पुगेको १८ महिना पछि उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो। ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिंह मल्लले कुनै इच्छा व्यक्त नगरेकाले उनलाई आजीवन भक्तपुर दरबारमा कैद गरिएको थियो।

==चौबिसे राज्यमाथि आक्रमण==
उपत्यकाका तिनैवटा शहरमा अधिकार कायम भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पश्चिममा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिस राज्य]] विजय गर्न वि.स. १८२८ मा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]को नेतृत्वमा पठाएको फौज र चौविस राज्यका संयुक्त फौजबीच वि.स. १८२८ मा घमासान युद्ध भएको थियो। १६ घण्टाको अविरल युद्ध हुँदा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]सहित ५०० भन्दा बढी गोर्खालीले वीरगत प्राप्त गर्नुका साथै [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]], प्रभु मल्ल जस्ता सेनापतिहरू पनि शत्रुको कब्जामा पर्न गएकाले रणवीर पाँडे र प्रभु मल्लले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुलाई बुझाई बाँकी सैनिक लिई निराश भई पराजित अवस्थामा काठमाडौँ पुगेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुपक्षलाई सम्पर्ण गर्नेहरूको जागिर समाप्ति गरी बन्दुक मोल बापत ६० रुपैयाँ लिएका थिएँ। यो पराजयले गोर्खालीहरूको महत्त्वकांक्ष, मान, प्रतिष्ठामा चोट लागेको थियो भने शत्रुहरूमा गोर्खा विरुद्ध कडा मुकाविला गरेमा विजय हुन् सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रतिरक्षात्मक भावना जागृत गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास वैधानिकताको प्रश्न|युआरएल=https://nayayougbodh.com/opinion/2020/01/12/968429|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=युगबोध राष्ट्रिय दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==पूर्व सेन राज्यसँग युद्ध ==
१८२८;भदौ १३ मा [[रामकृष्ण कुँवर]]लाई पलञ्चोकबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पूर्वतर्फ विस्तार गुर्न सेनापति बनाए। अमरसिंह थापालाई उनका नायब गराई २६००सिपाहीसाथ पहाडैपहाड ओल्लो किरातबाट कूच गराए। त्यो नेपाली सेनाले दूधकोसी नदी तरी चौदण्डी दाखिल हुँदा त्रिलोचन उपाध्याय र हरिनन्द उपाध्याय पोखरेलले टूलो सहयोग गरे। खम्बूसेना र नेपाकी (गोर्खा) सेना बीच हलेसी, रावा, दिङ्ला, माझकिरात क्षेत्रमा झडपह्ग्रू भए। किरातका विषालु धनुकाणको मारले नेपाली सेना आक्रान्त भए तापन विजय नेपालकै भयो। बिसं १८२९ माघ भरमा माझकिरातमा नेपालको अधिकार भयि। पहाडी भाग मात्र त्यहाँसम्म दखल भएको हुँदा तलहट्टीमा पनि विजय गर्नुपर्ने स्थिति देखा परुओ। मुख्य काथिनता पहाडी भागमा नै पर्थ्यो, त्यो दखल भयो। 

तराईको भूभागलाई कब्जा गर्न बख्सी अभिम्क्सनसिंह बस्न्यातलाई खटाई पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले अङ्ग्रेज गभर्नर वारेन हेस्ट्ङ्सलाई पत्र लेखे। बि.सं १८३० जेठ मा लेखेको पत्रमा विजयपुरका राजा कामदत्त सेन आफ्ना दाजु हुनाले निजको हत्या दिवान बुद्धिकर्ण राईले गरेकाले निजको बदला लिन सेबा पठाएकाले अङ्ग्रेज सरकारले बुद्धिकर्णलाई सहयोग नगर्ने अनुरोधका साय्है त्यताको रैरकम के गर्नुपर्ने हो आफूले मिलाउने कुरा पनि उल्लेख गरिएको थियो। त्यस पत्रको आशय अङ्ग्रेजले विरोधीलाई साय्ह नदिउन् भन्ने थियो।

==मृत्यु==
[[चित्र:विदुर नगरपालिका वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[विदुर नगरपालिका]] वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ ]]
वि.सं. १८३१ (सन् १७७४) मङ्सिरको मध्यतिर जाडो छल्न नुवाकोट गएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरबार]]मा बिमारी परेका थिएँ। स्वास्थ्य झन्-झन् खराब हुँदै गएपछि उनैको इच्छाअनुसार त्यहाँको [[देवीघाट]] लगिएको थियो। नौ दिनसम्म घाटमै रही माघ १ गते बिहान सात बजे उनको निधन भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; कतै कतै सिकार खेल्न गएको बेलामा बाघको आक्रमणमा परी गहिरो चोट परी घाइते भएको हिँदा मृत्यु भएको समेत उल्लेख छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सञ्जीवन महर्जन|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु|युआरएल=https://saptahik.com.np/history/2016/03/30/20160330121932|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=साप्ताहिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; घाटमै राखिएको बेला उनले नेपालको भूराजनीतिक अवस्था, सामाजिक जीवन, प्रतिरक्षा र विकासका सन्दर्भमा उपदेशहरू दिएका थिएँ, जसलाई '[[दिव्योपदेश]]' समेत भनिन्छ। &lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112022040/http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html |date=2015-01-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;नेपाल दुई ढुङ्गाबीचको तरुल जस्तो रहेछ। दक्षिणको बादशाह महाचतुर रहेछ। जाइकटक नगर्नु, झिकी कटक गर्नु। नेपाल चार वर्ण, छत्तिस जातको साझा फूलबारी हो।&quot; इत्यादि सान्दर्भिक उपदेशहरू पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=विजयका पर्याय पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2021/01/04/373489/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[माघे सङ्क्रान्ति]]का दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा उकुच र ठेउला आएर नुवाकोट जिल्लामा पर्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी|त्रिशुली]] र तादी नदीको सङ्गम 'मोहन तिर्थ' वा [[देवीघाट]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;

== नीति ==

=== आर्थिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आर्थिक समृद्धिका बारेमा पनि धेरै कुरा व्यक्त गरेका छन्। मुलुक गरिब भयो भने सुरक्षित रहन सक्दैन भन्ने उनको मान्यता रहेको थियो। सरकारले कर उठाउनका लागि कसैलाई ठेक्का नदिइकन आफैँले सो कार्य गर्नु पर्छ भन्ने उनले धारणा रहेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=  डा. जयराज आचार्य|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको परराष्ट्र नीतिका पञ्चतत्व|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/651810|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तात्कालिक समयमा, उनले पूर्व र पश्चिमको बाटोहरू बन्द गर्दै काठमाडौँसम्मको यातायातको बाटो खुलाउने इच्छा राखेका थिएँ।
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनको कृति दिव्योपदेशमा उनले विदेशी व्यापारीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गरेभने यसलाई मरुभूमि बनाएर छोड्ने धारणामा रहेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणः राष्ट्रनिर्माता कि विस्तारवादका नाइके ?|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/74048|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस्तै सन्दर्भमा उनले विदेशी कपडा लगाउनलाई बहिष्कार गर्ने सल्लाह दिएका थिएँ र स्थानीय मानिसहरूलाई कपडा बुन्न प्रशिक्षण समेत दिएका थिएँ। स्थानीय सम्पत्ति देशबाट बाहिर जान नहुने उनको विश्वास रहेको थियो। उनले नेपाली जडिबुटीलाई विदेशी भूमिमा बेच्न र यसबाट प्राप्त सम्पत्तिलाई देशमा फिर्ता ल्याउन प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिएँ। उनी पैसा देश भित्र मात्र रहेको हेर्न चाहन्थे। उनले प्रसिद्ध भनाइमा उनले, &quot;प्रजा मोटो भए दरबार पनि बलियो रहन्छ&quot; भनेर बताएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=इतिहासलाई जोगाएर राख्नु पर्छ; मार्नु हुन्न|युआरएल=https://www.brtnepal.com/2019/01/09/74013.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्रिटनेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== रक्षा नीति ===

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले किल्लाहरू निर्माणमा जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनले नेपालको भूमिलाई भगवान आफैले बनाएको प्राकृतिक किल्लाको रूपमा लिएका थिएँ। उनले शिवपुरी, फूलचौकी, चन्द्रगिरी, महादेवपोखरी, पालुङ, डापाचा र काहुलेमा बलियो किल्ला तयार पार्न र प्रत्येकमा तोप राख्न सुझाव दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई के ले विजयी बनायो ?|युआरएल=https://www.dekhapadhi.com/news/5107|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=देखापढी अनलाइन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; भन्ज्याङमा फलामेका ढोकाहरू निर्माण गर्न र ती सबैमा तोपहरू तयारी अवस्थामा राख्ने गरि उनले निर्माण गराएका थिएँ जसमा उनले देशलाई जासूस, शरणार्थी, हत्यारा आदिबाट जोगाउने विश्वास गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=बडामहाराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको दिव्य उपदेश|last=आचार्य, बाबुराम|first=नरहरिनाथ, योगी|publisher=श्रीकृष्ण आचार्य|year=२०१४|isbn=978-99933-912-1-0|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=४,५}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== धार्मिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहमा धार्मिक श्रद्धा निकै रहेको थियो। यीनी काली र [[गोरखनाथ]]का उपासक थिए। यसकारण ले उनले आफ्ना छापमा आफ्नो नाम नलेखी कालीको नामान्तर भवानी र यिनको हतियार [[खड्ग]] राखिदिए। कालीका पूजामा सिन्दूरको प्रयोग हुने हुनाले यो छापमा लगाउँदा पनि सिन्दूरकै व्यवहार गर्ने नियम गरे। यस कारण यो छाप [[लालमोहर]] भन्ने नामले प्रसिद्ध भयो। राज्य भवानीको हो, संरक्षक मा हुँ भन्ने भावना यिनको मनमा थियो। यिनका उत्तराधिकारी महाराजहरूले पनि यस छापलाई आफ्नो छाप मानेर त्यस भावनालाई कायमै राखे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले चाँदीका टकमा एकापट्टि आफ्नो नाम राखेर अर्कापट्टि भवानी र गोरखनाथ को नाम समेत छपाउने नियम गरे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[हिन्दु धर्म|सनातन धर्म]]का पक्षपाती भए पनि [[बौद्ध धर्म]]को आदर गर्दथे। यिनले [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] दखल गरे पछी भोटका सक्य लामाले सिम्भु [[चैत्य]] मर्मत गर्न लाग्दा मेरुदण्डको लागि चाहिने अग्राखको लिङ्गो नुवाकोटबाट पथाइदिएका थिए। कीर्तिपुर दखल हुने बित्तिकै त्यहाँका चैत्यका निमित्त केही जमीन दाङ पनि दिए। सेसातका मल्ल राजाहरोका इष्टदेवता टावर वा [[तलेजु भवानी|तलेज्यूका]] पूजाआज्ञा पनि पूर्ववत् कायम राखे। नयाँ रियासत जितिएपछी त्यहाँका देवीदेवताका देवलहरू मर्मत गर्ने र यिनका आजापूजालाई [[गुठी]] जमिन बढाइदिने भारदारहरूको पहिलो काम हुन्थ्यो। यस काममा [[अमरसिंह थापा]] (बडा) विशेष प्रसिद्ध थिए.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=इतिहास शिरोमणी बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |issue=81 |pages=72 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008091759/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |date=2023-10-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==दिव्योपदेश==
{{Quote box
| quote = मेरा साना दुखले आर्ज्याको मुलुक होइन यो चार जात छात्तिस वर्णको साझा फूलबारी हो सबलाई चेतना भया।}}
{{मुख्य|दिव्योपदेश}}[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|श्री ५ बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] आफ्नो अन्तिम समयमा [[शेरा दरबार]] दिएका दिव्योपदेशका कारणले चर्चित छन्। उनका उपदेशहरू आजपनि समय सान्दर्भिक रहेको धेरैको बुझाइ रहेको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज कँडेल|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणका दिव्योपदेशको सान्दर्भिकता|युआरएल=https://gautambuddhasandesh.com/?p=7491|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

पृथ्वीनारायण नारायण शाहका अनुसार &quot;बुढाहरू मर्दा कोहि अर्ति दिन्छन्, पछिल्ला पुस्तालाई ती कुरा गतिला हुनाले एकले अर्कालाई भन्दै राज्य सञ्चालन गर्दै जान्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८५&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायणले आफ्नो अन्तिम समय तिर भारदारहरूलाई उपदेश दिएका दिए। उनका अन्तिम सन्देशहरूबाट त्यस्ता पेचिला र चोटिला कुराहरू झल्कन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चेतना भया|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/136753-1515644040.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== सन्तानहरू ==
[[File:Idols - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|thumb|Idols of PrithviNarayan Shah with his two wives]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |नाम
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |जन्म
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |विवाह
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |मृत्यु
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |बच्चाहरू
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |जीवनसाथी
!मिति
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[प्रतापसिंह शाह|युवराजाधिराज प्रतापसिंह]]
|५ बैशाख १८०८ 
|[[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी देवी]]''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|
|वि.सं. १८४२
|[[रणबहादुर शाह|युवराजाधिराज रणबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[विदुरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार विदुरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शेरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार शेरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[बहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार बहादुर]]
|वि.सं. १८१४ असार ६ 
|विद्या लक्ष्मी देवी
|
|वि.सं. १५ असार १८५४ 
|[[रिपू मर्दन शाह|अधिराजकुमार रिपू मर्दन]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शत्रु मन्जन शाह|अधिराजकुमार शत्रु मन्जन]]
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[विलासकुमारी|अधिराजकुमारी विलासकुमारी]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[रणभीम शाह]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |१७६६
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|
|-
|
|-
!चौतारिया रणसिंह शाह 
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== स्मारक ==

* [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग|पृथ्वी राज मार्ग]]
* पृथ्वी राजपथ
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[सिंहदरबार|सिंह दरबार]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर्]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक, [[चन्द्रागिरी डाँडा|चन्द्रागिरि]]
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, राष्ट्र बिभुती पार्क, पोखरा
* [[पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पस|पृथ्वी नारायण क्याम्पस]] , पोखरा
* पृथ्वी संग्राहलय
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, सिन्धुली गदी 

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
===उद्धरणहरू===
{{Reflist}}

===पुस्तकहरू===
* {{Cite web |last=दाहाल |first=पेशल |date=२०५७ |title=नेपालको इतिहास |url=https://archive.org/details/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/mode/2up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://ia802509.us.archive.org/23/items/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/Nepalko%20Itihas%20by%20Peshal%20Dahal_text.pdf |archive-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |access-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |publisher=एम. के. पब्लिशर्स एण्ड डिस्ट्रिब्यूटर्स|ref = {{harvid|दाहाल|२०५७}}}}


{{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}}
{{नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू}}
{{नेपालको शाह राजवंशको वंशवृक्ष}}
{{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[शाह वंश]]|२७ पुस|१७७९|१ माघ|१९३१}}
{{S-reg|}}
|-
{{succession box | before = [[नरभूपाल शाह]] | title = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखा]]का राजा | years = १७९९–१८३१| after = नेपालको राजाको रूपमा}}
{{succession box | before = गोरखाको राजाको रूपमा| title = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]] | years = १८३१–१८३४ | after = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]}}{{s-end}}

{{मूल_सर्ट:शाह, पृथ्वीनारायण}}
[[श्रेणी:विशाल नेपाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:पृथ्वीनारायण शाह| ]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:खस जाति]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखाका राजाहरू]]</text>
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{{Infobox royalty
| name         = पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| title        = [[श्री ५]] [[महाराज|बडामहाराजाधिराज सरकार]] &lt;br /&gt; हिन्दव धर्मोद्धारक &lt;br /&gt; (हिन्दू धर्मका संरक्षक)
| image        = King Prithvi Narayan Shah.jpg
| caption      = श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह
| succession1  = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखाका  राजा]]
| succession   = [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालका राजा]]
| predecessor1 = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| predecessor  = ''पद स्थापित''
| successor1   = ''पद खारेज'' &lt;br /&gt; {{small|(''स्वयं [[नेपालका राजा]]को रूपमा'')}}
| successor    = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]
| royal house  = [[शाह वंश]]
| house-type   = वंश
| father       = [[नरभूपाल शाह]]
| mother       = [[रानी कौसल्यावती|कौसल्यावती शाह]]
| issue        = [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] &lt;br&gt; [[बहादुर शाह]] &lt;br/&gt; [[विलासकुमारी]] &lt;br&gt;रणसिंह शाह
| religion     = [[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दु]]
| birth_date   = १७७९ पुष २७&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=बाबुराम|last=आचार्य|title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको सङ्क्षिप्त जीवनी - भाग १  |page=४२|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| death_date   = १८३१ माघ १ (५२ वर्ष)&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| reign        = १८२५ असोज १० – १८३१ पुस २८
| reign1       = १७९९ चैत २१ – १८२५ असोज १०
| spouses      = {{plainlist|
*{{marriage|[[इन्द्रकुमारी देवी]]|1794}}
*{{marriage|[[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी शाह]]|1796}}
}}
| birth_place  = [[गोरखा दरबार]], [[गोरखा राज्य]] (हाल को [[गोर्खा जिल्ला]], नेपाल 
| death_place  = [[देवीघाट]], [[नेपाल  अधिराज्य  ]] (हाल को [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]], नेपाल) 
}}
'''''श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज'' पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' (वि.सं. १७७९ पुस २८ – १८३१ पुस २८) नेपालको पहिलो [[शाह वंश|शाहवंशि]]य राजा थिए। स-साना राज्यहरूमा बाँडिएका [[बाइसे राज्यहरू|बाईसे]] तथा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिसे]] राज्यहरूलाई एकत्रित गरेर एउटै देशको सृजना गर्ने यिनी आधुनिक नेपालको राष्ट्रनिर्माताको रूपमा चिनिन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=कृष्णराज गौतम|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको सम्झनामा पुष २७ गते नेपालमा [[पृथ्वी जयन्ती|राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस]] मनाउने गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=योगी नरहरीनाथका दुर्लभ पुस्तक प्रदर्शनीमा राखिँदै|युआरएल=https://www.prasashan.com/2018/01/11/52650/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रशासन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपालमा बि.सं. २००७ साल सम्म [[राणा वंश|राणा शासन]] थियो भने [[सात सालको क्रान्ति]] पश्चात् नेपालमा आएको प्रजातन्त्र पश्चात् [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले नेपालमा राष्ट्रपिता पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्मोत्सव मनाउनु पर्छ भनेर प्रक्रिया सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज गौतम|शीर्षक=राष्ट्रनायकको अठोट|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/168615-1547173560.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स-साना क्षेत्र जस्तै (भिरकोट, कास्की, लम्जुङ, गोरखा) मा राज्य गरिरहेको शाहवंशलाई पुरै नेपालको राजवंशमा रूपान्तरण गर्दै आधुनिक नेपालको जग बसालेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=त्रिरत्न|last=मानन्धर|title=नेपालको एकीकरण|page=215|publisher=साझा प्रकाशन|location=काठमाडौँ|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले सुरू गरेको एकिकरण अभियान बढ्दै गएर नेपाल राज्यको सिमाना पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी|टिष्टा नदी]], दक्षिणमा मगध र पश्चिममा [[सतलज नदी]] सम्म विस्तार भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=तुलसीराम वैद्य|शीर्षक=जसले नेपालको जग बसाए|युआरएल=https://ekantipur.com/ampnews/2017-09-23/20170923104348.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=कान्तिपुर दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; बि.सं.१८७१ कात्तिक १८ गते सुरु भएको [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध]] पश्चात् गरिएको [[सुगौली सन्धि]] सम्म यो भू-भाग नेपालको अधिनमा रहेको थियो। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८३१ माघे सङ्क्रान्तिका दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को [[देवीघाट]]मा मृत्यु भए तापनि नेपाल एकिकरण अभियान जेठी बुहारी [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]], कान्छा छोरा [[बहादुर शाह]] लगायतले अगाडि बढाइ रहेका थिए।&lt;section begin=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;अंश&quot; /&gt; नेपाल एकिकरण अभियानको पूर्णविराम चाहीँ उनको पनाती [[गीर्वाणयुद्ध विक्रम शाह|राजा गिर्वाण युद्ध विक्रम शाह]]का पालामा भएको नेपाल-अङ्ग्रेज [[नेपाल अङ्ग्रेज युद्ध|युद्ध]] पछि भएको थियो। वि.सं. १८७३ सालमा [[सुगौली सन्धि|सुगौलीको सन्धि]] नहुञ्जेल सम्म पुरा ७२ वर्षसम्म एकीकरण अभियान चलेको थियो। बि.सं. २००९ सालदेखि [[योगी नरहरिनाथ|योगी नरहरीनाथ]]ले सरकारसँग समन्वय गरेर एउटा समारोह समिति गठन गरी आफै त्यो समितिमा बसेर '''राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस''' तथा '''[[पृथ्वी जयन्ती]]'''को रूपमा मनाउन प्रारम्भ गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-events/articles-events-prithibi-jayanti|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी जयन्ती / राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्म वि.सं. १७७९ पुष २७ गते बिहिबार [[गोरखा दरबार]]मा पिता [[नरभूपाल शाह]] आमा [[रानी कौसल्यावती]]को कोखमा भएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} शाहको हेरविचार महारानी [[चन्द्रप्रभावती]]ले गरेकी थिइन् र सुरूदेखि नै उनलाई [[रामायण]], [[महाभारत]] र पछि गएर शुक्रनीतिको ज्ञान दिइएको थियो।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}} धनुवाण, [[तरबार]], [[घोडसवारी]] दौड आदिमा पनि उनी निपूर्ण भएको मानिन्छ।{{Sfn|दाहाल|२०५७|p=२९६}}

उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]] की राजकुमारी इन्द्रकुमारीसॅंग भएको थियो। गोरखा र मकवानपुरबीच ओहोर दोहोर गर्नु पर्दा उपत्यकाको भू-बनोट र त्यहाँको आर्थिक अवस्थालाई उनले राम्रोसँग नियालेका थिए। सो समयमा गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएन। त्यसैकारणले उनले अन्नपातले सम्पन्न र उन्नतिशील काठमाडौँ उपत्यकालाई विजय गर्ने मनसाय बनाइसकेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, राष्ट्रियता र समावेशी संस्कार|url=http://setopati.com/blog/22658/|accessdate=27 January 2015|publisher=सेतोपाटी|quote=अनुसन्धानकर्ता इतिहासकारहरूले भन्छन्, “गोरखाका १२०० घरधुरीका जनतालाई ६ महिना खान पुग्ने अन्नपात वा आर्थिक हैसियत थिएँन।” त्यसैकारणले राजाको मात्र होइन गोरखाली जनताको पनि राज्य विस्तार गर्ने चाहना थियो। यो कुरा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको उपदेशमा लेखिएको, “यी ३ नै देश (काठमाडौँ, पाटन, भक्तपुर) को राजा हुन पाया त हुँदो हो।” भन्ने उनको भनाइबाट स्पष्ट हुन्छ।}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118062029/http://setopati.com/blog/22658/ |date=18 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ आएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गोरखा दरबारको तर्फबाट ल्याएका पगरी [[भक्तपुर जिल्ला|भक्तपुर]]का राजा रणजित मल्ललाई दिए भने त्यसको कदरस्वरूप रणजित मल्लले राजकुमार वीरनरसिंह मल्लसँग उनको मितेरी लगाई दरबारमा स-सम्मान लामो अवधिसम्म राखेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : उत्तरबाट सुन किन्थे, दक्षिणबाट चाँदी, यस्तो थियो रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.bizshala.com/story/-2786|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बिजशाला|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; गोरखा फर्किदा चाँगुनारायण, पशुपति र गुहेश्वरी पशुपतिनाथको दर्शन गर्न गएको कुरा थाहा पाई काठमाडौँका राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले उनलाई दरबारमा ल्याई उनीसँग मितेरी लगाएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मितेरी साइनोको मूल्य|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/58672|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[चित्र:Idols_-_Flickr_-_askmeaks.jpg|thumb|पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र उनका दुई रानीको शालिक, यो शालिक [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरवारमा]] रहेको छ।]]
उनको पहिलो विवाह [[मकवानपुर जिल्ला|मकवानपुर]]का राजा [[हेमकर्ण सेन]]की छोरी इन्द्रकुमारी सँग वि.सं. १७९४ मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=निष्णु थिङ|शीर्षक=विवाहको राजनीति|युआरएल=https://www.indigenousvoice.com/1058.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; मकवानपुर त्यसबेलाको एक शक्तिशाली राज्य भएकाले त्यससँग नाता जोडेर राजनीतिक लाभ लिने उद्देश्यले यो विवाह भएको थियो तर पछि [[हेमकर्ण सेन]] ले असमर्थता जनाएका थिएँ। उनको दोस्रो विवाह [[बनारस|काशी]]का [[अभिमानसिंह राजपुत]]की छोरी [[नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मी]]सँग भएको थियो। नरेन्द्रलक्ष्मीबाट [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]] र [[बहादुर शाह]]को जन्म भएको थियो। मितबुवा [[रणजित मल्ल]]ले  वि.सं. १८०३ मा आफ्नो दरबारमा पाहुना भएर बसेको समय मितछोरा गोरखाली राजा पृथ्वीनारायणलाई उनको सेवासुसारका लागि नेवार जातिकी मैजुकन्या ‘उपहार’ दिएका हुन्। पृथ्वीनारायण नुवाकोट आएपछि ती मैजुकन्या उनको भित्रिनी (उपरानी) बनिन्। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी यी नेवार भित्रिनीतिरबाट एक छोराको जन्म भएको थियो। उनको नाम नरसिंह (रणसिंह) थियो। उनी [[प्रतापसिंह शाह]]को राज्यकालमा दरबारका एक [[चौतारिया|चौतरिया]] थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=किन ओझेलमा पारिइन् पृथ्वीनारायण शाहकी नेवार रानी? |url=https://www.ukaalo.com/opinion/20230609-queen-of-prithbinarayan-shaha/7511 |access-date=2025-02-05 |website=Ukaalo |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== शासनकाल ==
वि.सं. १७९९ मा राजा [[नरभूपाल शाह]]को मृत्यू भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण २० वर्षको उमेरमा गोरखाका राजा भएका थिएँ। उनले प्रचलित नियम अनुसार आफू राज-सिंहासनमा रहने बित्तिकै माहिला भाइ महिद्दाम्कीर्ति शाहलाई चौतारा पदवी दिएका थिएँ।  आफ्ना मुख्यमन्त्री र सेनापति भर्ना गर्नलाई यस अघिका काजी विराज थापा बूढा भैसकेका हुनाले एक योग्य नवयुवकको खोजी गरिरहेका थिएँ। गोरखाका रैतीले [[भीमराज पाँडे]]का छोरा [[कालु पाँडे]] रोजेका र यिनले [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजासँग चलाखीका साथ सन्धी गरी राजनीतिमा योग्यता देखाएका हुनाले यिनैलाई कज्याईँ दिई मुख्यमन्त्री बनाएका थिएँ।  

राजा हुनुअगावै उनले वि.स. १७९८ मा काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाको राजनीतिक रहनसहन राम्रोसँग अध्ययन गरिसकेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको काठमाडौँ उपत्यका र पूर्वी क्षेत्र विजय गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले आफ्ना प्रवल विरोधी शक्ति [[लमजुङ राज्य|लमजुङ]]का राजा रिपुमर्दन शाहसंग वि.स. १७९९ मा एक सन्धि गरेका थिई जस अनुसार दुवै राज्यवीच मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गर्ने [[कास्की राज्य|कास्की]]को अर्घामाथि कब्जा गर्न सफल भएमा त्यहाँको काठ कास्कीलाई दिने आदि शर्तमा उल्लेख थियो। 

===दोस्रो नुवाकोट आक्रमण ===
पिता नरभूपालको एकीकरणको सपना साकार पार्न वि.सं. १८०० मा [[विराज थापा मगर]] र [[महेश्वर पन्त]]को नेतृत्वमा उनले नुवाकोट आक्रमण गराएका थिएँ तर नुवाकोटबाट गोर्खालीहरूले पराजयको सामना गर्नु परेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानको अवमूल्यन असम्भव|युआरएल=https://www.lokpath.com/story/19293|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=लोकपथ|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== काशी यात्रा ===
नुवाकोटको युद्धमा पराजयको सामना गर्नुपरेकाले आवश्यक हातहतियारहरू सङ्कलनार्थ  '''पृथ्वीनारायण शाह''' वनारस पुगेका थिएँ।  उनले काशी जाँदा शासनको बागडोर जेठी आमा चन्द्रप्रभाका हातमा छोडेका थिएँ। पिता नरभूपालले  पुण्य प्राप्त गरून् भनी काशीको यात्रा गरी आफ्नो [[भारद्वाज गोत्र|भारद्वाज]] गोत्रबाट काश्यप गोत्रमा [[गोत्र]] परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=किन गोत्र परिवर्तन गरेका थिएँ पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले?|युआरएल=https://www.nepalipublic.com/news/4766|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नेपाली पब्लिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; सोहि बेलामा तिर्थ गर्न भनी गएका जाजरकोटका राजा हरी शाहसँग उनले राज्य विस्तार गर्दा गोरखा र जाजरकोटले एक अर्कालाई वाधा र कुभलो नचिताउने कुराहरू बारे सन्धि गरेका थिएँ।

===नुवाकोट आक्रमण तथा विजय ===
दोस्रो पटक पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.सं. १८०१ मा [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]को सेनापतित्वमा नुवाकोटमाथि हमला गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=आधुनिक नेपाल राष्ट्रनिर्माणमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको भूमिका !|युआरएल=https://www.bidharthi.com/content/118|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=विद्यार्थी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस पटक गोर्खाका १२-२० वर्षसम्मका सबै युवाहरूलाई सशस्त्र तयारी गरीएको थियो भने सैनिकहरूको सङ्ख्या १ हजार भन्दा माथि थियो। यी मध्ये केही सैनिक खेतालाहरूको रूपमा नुवाकोट पुराइएको थियो। तत्पश्चात कालु पाँडेले नुवाकोट रक्षा तैनाथ रहेका जयन्त रानालाई गोर्खामा मिल्नु बाहेक उनको लागि अन्य भलाइ नभएको पत्र पठाएका थिए। तर जयन्त रानाले काठमाडौँ पुगी गोर्खालीहरूबाट सम्भावित आक्रमणको जानकारी दिँदै थप सैनिक र हातहतियार माग गरेका थिएँ। तर उपत्यकामा [[इन्द्रजात्रा]]को चहलपहल रहेकाले [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले जयन्त राणाको मागको उपेक्षा गरेका थिएँ। जयन्त रानाको छोरा शङ्खमणी राणाले नुवाकोटको सुरक्षामा तैनाथ रहेकको समयमा गोरखाबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाह, दलदर्मन शाह, चौतारा विष्णु शाह, काजी [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]] आदिले नुवाकोटलाई घेरा हाली एकैपटक आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। [[दलमर्दन शाह]]को हातबाट शखमणी राणाको मृत्यु भयो र पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नुवाकोटमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१० अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

नुवाकोटमा गोरखालीहरूको कब्जा भएकाले नुवाकोटका सिपाहीहरू भागि वेलकोटमा अड्डा जमाई बसेकाले कालु पाँडेको तत्काल हमला नगर्ने सल्लाहलाई उपेक्षा गरी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वेलकोटमा हमला गरेका थिए। [[जयन्त राना]] यहाँ पक्राउ परेका थिए।

==नेपाल एकिकरणको प्रयत्न==
[[चित्र:Prithvinarayanshah.jpg|thumb|राजा पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले नेपाल एकीकरणको महायात्रा सुरू गरी र कैयौँ स्थानलाई नेपाल राष्ट्रमा गाभेर ४ जात र ३६ वर्णको साझा फूलबारीको सृष्टि गरेका थिएँ&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चार जात छत्तीस वर्णको नेपाल|युआरएल=http://www.nepaltoday.com.np/home/politics_detail?id=4967|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;। पृथ्वीनारायणको उद्देश्यलाई युगको मागका रूपमा इतिहासकारहरूले हेरेका छन्। तत्कालीन बाइसे र चौबिसे राज्यहरू, उपत्यकाका विभाजित मल्ल राज्यहरू, पूर्वका किराँत र लिम्बूवान क्षेत्रहरू सबैतिर एउटा सशक्त राष्ट्रवादी शक्तिको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको थियो, जसको स्थान पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पाएका थिएँ।

===तनहुँमाथिको आक्रमण===
नुवाकोट र वेलकोटको विजयपछि गोरखालीहरूले लामीडाँडामा कब्जा गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहः जस्ले नेपालको यसरी एकिकरण गरेका थिएँ|युआरएल=https://www.maipokharinews.com/2020/01/pirthivi-naryan.html?m=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तर तनहुँद्वारा लामीडाँडा कब्जा गर्ने इच्छा रहेकाले [[तनहुँ राज्य|तनहुँ]] र गोरखालीहरूबीच भिडन्तको सम्भावना बढेको थियो। तर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले गुरु गौरेश्वर पन्तलाई पठाई तनहुँको राजा सॅंग सन्धि गर्ने भन्ने खबर पठाएकाले तनहुँका राजा त्रिविक्रम सेनविच केही समय वार्तालाप भएपछि निर्धारित समयानुसार तिरमा लुकी बसेमा गोर्खाली सैनिकहरूले त्रिविक्रम सेनलाई बन्दी बनाई छोटो समयका लागि तनहुँमाथि कब्जा गरेका थिएँ। यस प्रकारको कामबाट लमजुङ, कास्की, पर्वत आदि क्रुद्ध हुने सम्भावना भएकाले वि.स. १८१० मा [[तनहुँ राज्य#त्रिविक्रम सेन द्वितीय|त्रिविक्रम सेन]]लाई मुक्त गरेका थिएँ। वि.स. १८१२ मा गोर्खाली सैनिकले लमजुङ र तनहुँका संयुक्त फौजसँग युद्ध गर्न परेको थियो। यस युद्धमा गोर्खाले ठुलो जनधनको क्षति बेहोर्न परेको थियो। तर पनि नालदुम, दहचोक, महादेव पोखरी, सिरानचोकको साथै कुलेखानि, इपा, माल्टा आदिमा कब्जा भएकाले गोरखाको सिमाना मकवानपुरसम्म पुग्यो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह : युद्धभूमिका सिपाही|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/prthviinaaraaynn-shaah-yudghbhuumikaa-sipaahii-173125|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===किर्तिपुरमाथि पहिलो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८१४ मा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले कीर्तिपुरमा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=जोगी पाल्न गरिबलाई दस्तुर|युआरएल=http://annapurnapost.com/news/162040|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अन्नपूर्ण पोस्ट|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यसमा गोरखाको तर्फ १२०० सैनिक थिएँ। तर कीर्तिपुरले काठमाडौँ, ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका सैनिक समेत सहयोग मागेकाले किर्तिपुरतर्फ ३०० जति सैनिक थिएँ। यी दुईपक्षवीच बल्खु खोलामा ६ घन्टासम्म लडाइँ हुँदा धेरै गोरखालीहरूले [[वीरगति]] प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ। किर्तिपुरको कब्जामा परेका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह राजवध गर्न नहुने नैतिक नियमको कारणले मात्र यहाँ बाचेका थिएँ। 
कीर्तिपुरको पहिलो युद्धमा विरगती प्राप्त गरेका काजी [[कालु पाँडे|कालु पाण्डे]]का ठाउँमा उनको छोरा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]]लाई र सेनापति पदमा [[शिवरामसिंह बस्न्यात|शिवराम सिंह बस्न्यात]]का छोरा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]लाई नियुक्त गरी सैनिक पुनर्गठन गर्ने अभिभारा सुम्पिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=कालु पाँडेको बलिदानको इतिहासलाई स्मरण गर्नुपर्ने|युआरएल=https://www.ratopati.com/story/47626|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; वि.स. १८१६ मा शिवपुरी र काभ्रेमाथि विजय प्राप्त गरेका थिएँ।

===मकवानपुर विजय===
वि.स. १८१९ को भदौ महिनामा [[वंशराज पाँडे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]ले सङ्गठन गरेको सैनिक साथै [[महोद्दामकिर्ति शाह]], [[दलमर्दन शाह]], [[शूरप्रताप शाह|शुरप्रताप शाह]], नन्दु शाह, [[दलजित शाह]]हरूका साथ पठाएको ठुलो सङ्ख्यामा [[मकवानपुर राज्य|मकवानपुर]]मा आक्रमण गरेका थिएँ। यहा १० घन्टासम्म लडाइँ चलेको थियो र अन्तत: दिग्वन्ध्न सेनले आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ। &lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=मकवानपुरगढी र पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://sadrishya.com/2021/01/11/858/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===गोरखा माथि आक्रमण ===
वि.स. १८२० मा दिग्वन्धन सेनलाई मद्धत गर्ने निहुमा [[तनहुँ जिल्ला|तनहुँ]]का राजा त्रिविक्रम सेन, [[पाल्पा जिल्ला|पाल्पा]]को राजा [[मुकुन्द सेन]] तृतीय, [[कास्की जिल्ला|कास्की]]का राजा सिद्धिनारायण शाहको संयुक्त सैनिकले गोरखाको अधिनमा रहेको हर्मी, भिरकोट, धापकोट, चवाङ्गली, धौराली, लकान्कोटमाथि आक्रमण गरी लुटपाट गरेका थिएँ।

===किीर्तिपुरमाथि दोस्रो आक्रमण===
वि.स. १८२१ को भदौ महिनामा शुरप्रताप शाह, दलजित शाह र श्री हर्ष पन्तको नेतृत्वमा किर्तिपुर माथि दोस्रो आक्रमण भएको थियो। यस युद्धमा पनि कीर्तिपुरलाई पहिले जस्तै उपत्यकाबाट सैनिक सहयोग प्राप्त नभए पनि किर्तिपुरका जनताले गोर्खाली सैनिकलाई गोपुर किल्ला तोडी किर्तिपुरमा प्रवेश गर्ने मौका दिएनन्। यस युद्धमा कीर्तिपुरद्वारा निसाना लगाइएको तिरबाट शुरप्रतापको आँखा फुट्नुका साथै अन्य केही फौज फर्कन वाध्य भएका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=परिचय&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वी नारायण शाहः एक सङ्क्षिप्त परिचय|युआरएल=https://www.localsandesh.com/2018/01/11/3949/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो आक्रमण===
किर्तिपुरमाथि तेस्रो पटकको युद्धको नेतृत्व काजी वंशराज पाडेले लिएका थिएँ। उनले चारैतिरबाट गोपुर किल्लालाई घेरी खेतालाका रूपमा केही सैनिक कीर्तिपुर पठाएका थिएँ। त्यसबखत किर्तिपुरमा धान भित्राउने समय परेकाले वंशराज कीर्तिपुरेहरूलाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गर्न भनेका थिएँ। यो युद्धमा किर्तिपुरलाई छिमेकी राज्यहरूबाट सैनिक सहयोग भएको थिएँन। वि.स. १८२२ चैत ३ गते धनवन्त काजीले गोपुर किल्लामा आत्मसम्पर्ण गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह र कीर्तिपुर|युआरएल=https://www.ghatanarabichar.com/83071?amp_markup=1|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=घटना र विचार|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===सल्यानसँगको सम्बन्ध===
वि.स १८२३ मा सल्यानी राजा श्रीकृष्ण शाहका छोरा रणभिम शाहसँग आफ्ना छोरी विलासकुमारीको विवाह गराई मैत्री सम्बन्ध कायम गरेका थिएँ। छिल्ली, दाङ, देउखरीलाई दाइजोको रूपमा दिएका थिएँ।

==काठमाडौँ उपत्यका माथिको आक्रमण==
किर्तिपुर गोर्खाको कब्जामा पर्न गएका निकट भविष्यमै उपत्यकामा आक्रमण सम्भावना भएकाले जयप्रकाश मल्लले ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाहरूसँग वैठक गरी गोर्खा सैनिकको विरुद्ध सशक्त सैनिक अभियान गर्नुपर्ने विचार व्यक्त गरेका थिएँ। तर ललितपुर र भक्तपुरका राजाले अनुकुल प्रतिक्रिया नजनाएकाको र गोर्खालीको पहिलो आक्रमण कान्तिपुरमै हुनेछ भन्ने ठानी [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले अङ्ग्रेजहरूसँग सैनिक तथा हातहतियारको सहयोग मागेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]लाई सहयोग गर्न वि.स. १८२३ मा किनलकको नेतृत्वमा २४०० सैनिक पूर्वी नेपालको [[सिन्धुलीगढी]] हुँदै काठमाडौँ तिर बढेको थियो। यो कुराको जानकारी पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई पहिले नै भएकाले [[सिन्धुलीगढी]]को रक्षार्थ बिरभद्र पाँडे र वीरभद्र उपाध्याय र वंशु गुरुङको समूह ढुङ्गेवासमाथि आइपुग्दा वंशु गुरुङले प्रत्यासित रूपमा चढाई गरे भने अघि बढीसकेको फौजमाथि वंशराज र वीरभद्र उपाध्यायको फौजले पौवागढीमा आक्रमण गरेकाले सारा अङ्ग्रेज फौज आफुसँग रहेको हातहतियार र बन्दुकहरू छाडी आफ्नो प्राण बचाउन जङ्गलतर्फ भागाभाग गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह आफैंले ‘अपरेसन’ गरेको त्यो युद्ध रणनीति|युआरएल=https://www.khabarhub.com/2019/20/66036/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=खबरहब|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===कान्तिपुरमाथि आक्रमण===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उपत्यकालाई चारैतर्फबाट घेरी नाकाबन्दी गरेकाले उपत्यकामा चरम आर्थिक सङ्कट छाएको थियो। त्यसमा पनि काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल कठोर विचार, घमण्डी र संकालु प्रवृतिका भएकाले रानी र भारदारहरू रिसाई उनलाई पदच्युत गरी उनका छोरा राज्यप्रकाश शाहलाई राजा बनाएका थिएँ। तर पछि उनले पुन: आफ्नो सत्ता प्राप्त गरे तर उनलाई आफ्नो छोरा, रानी र भारदारहरूको सहानुभूति प्राप्त भएन। आफ्नो शक्ति कायम राख्न विदेशी सैनिक झिकाई देवी देवताको गुठि मासेकाले धर्मप्राण नेपाली जनता क्षुब्ध भएका थिएँ भने विदेशी सैनिकलाई बढी तलब समेत दिने गरेकाले कान्तिपुरका सैनिकमा निराशा उत्पन्न भएको थियो। 
===ललितपुरको पतन===
यस्तो स्थति बुझेर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले वि.स. १८२५ असोज १३ मा [[इन्द्रजात्रा|इन्द्र जात्रा]]को समय पारि नरदेवी, टुडिखेल र भिमसेनस्थान गरी ३ तर्फबाट आक्रमण गरी कान्तिपुर माथि विजय गरेका थिएँ। राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]] भागेर ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिह मल्लका गई शरण लिएका थिएँ। 
वि. स. १८२५ असोज २५ गते पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले धनवन्त र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात|केहरसिंह]]लाई ललितपुर पठाई आत्मसम्पर्ण गराउन पठाएका थिएँ। पाटनका राजा विना कुनै युद्ध भागेका थिएँ। 

===भक्तपुर विजय===
{{मुख्य|भक्तपुरको युद्ध}}
काठमाडौँका राजा जयप्रकाश मल्ल र ललितपुरका राजा [[तेज नरसिंह मल्ल|तेजनरसिह मल्ल]] भागेर भक्तपुरका राजा [[रणजित मल्ल|रणजित मल्ल]]को शरणमा पुगेका थिएँ। राजा रणजित मल्लले आत्मासम्पर्णको सट्टा छिमेकी राज्य र अङ्ग्रेजसँग समेत सीक सहयोग मागेकाले अनावश्यक ढिलासुस्ती गर्न झुने सम्झी भक्तपुर माथि आक्रमण गर्न वंशराज पाण्डे, कहरसिंह बस्न्यात, रामकृष्ण कुँवर, अमरसिंंह थापा, कालीदास खड्का आदिका साथ १५०० सशस्त्र फौज पठाएका थिएँ। भक्तपुरमा युद्ध भयो जसमा ठुलो जनधनको क्षति भएको थियो। झन्डै २००० भन्दा बढीको मृत्यु र ५०० भन्दा बढी घर ध्वस्त भएको थियो। हार स्वरूप वि.स. १८२६ मङ्सिर १ गते रणजित मल्लले आत्मसमर्पण गरे। यसै युद्धमा जयप्रकाश मल्लको खुट्टामा गोलि लागेको थियो। उनको इच्छा अनुसार पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले उनलाई पशुपति जाने व्यवस्था मिलाई दिएका थिएँ ६७ वर्षीय वयोवृद्ध मितबाबु रणजित मल्लले इच्छा बमोजिम उनलाई काशीबासको उचित व्यवस्था मिलाएका थिएँ। त्यहाँ पुगेको १८ महिना पछि उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो। ललितपुरका राजा तेजनरसिंह मल्लले कुनै इच्छा व्यक्त नगरेकाले उनलाई आजीवन भक्तपुर दरबारमा कैद गरिएको थियो।

==चौबिसे राज्यमाथि आक्रमण==
उपत्यकाका तिनैवटा शहरमा अधिकार कायम भएपछि पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पश्चिममा [[चौबिसी राज्यहरू|चौबिस राज्य]] विजय गर्न वि.स. १८२८ मा [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]] र [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]को नेतृत्वमा पठाएको फौज र चौविस राज्यका संयुक्त फौजबीच वि.स. १८२८ मा घमासान युद्ध भएको थियो। १६ घण्टाको अविरल युद्ध हुँदा [[केहरसिंह बस्न्यात]]सहित ५०० भन्दा बढी गोर्खालीले वीरगत प्राप्त गर्नुका साथै [[वंशराज पाँडे|वंशराज पाण्डे]], प्रभु मल्ल जस्ता सेनापतिहरू पनि शत्रुको कब्जामा पर्न गएकाले रणवीर पाँडे र प्रभु मल्लले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुलाई बुझाई बाँकी सैनिक लिई निराश भई पराजित अवस्थामा काठमाडौँ पुगेका थिएँ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आफ्ना हातहतियार शत्रुपक्षलाई सम्पर्ण गर्नेहरूको जागिर समाप्ति गरी बन्दुक मोल बापत ६० रुपैयाँ लिएका थिएँ। यो पराजयले गोर्खालीहरूको महत्त्वकांक्ष, मान, प्रतिष्ठामा चोट लागेको थियो भने शत्रुहरूमा गोर्खा विरुद्ध कडा मुकाविला गरेमा विजय हुन् सकिन्छ भन्ने प्रतिरक्षात्मक भावना जागृत गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=नेपाल एकीकरणको इतिहास वैधानिकताको प्रश्न|युआरएल=https://nayayougbodh.com/opinion/2020/01/12/968429|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=युगबोध राष्ट्रिय दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=२८ अप्रिल २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==पूर्व सेन राज्यसँग युद्ध ==
१८२८;भदौ १३ मा [[रामकृष्ण कुँवर]]लाई पलञ्चोकबाट पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले पूर्वतर्फ विस्तार गुर्न सेनापति बनाए। अमरसिंह थापालाई उनका नायब गराई २६००सिपाहीसाथ पहाडैपहाड ओल्लो किरातबाट कूच गराए। त्यो नेपाली सेनाले दूधकोसी नदी तरी चौदण्डी दाखिल हुँदा त्रिलोचन उपाध्याय र हरिनन्द उपाध्याय पोखरेलले टूलो सहयोग गरे। खम्बूसेना र नेपाकी (गोर्खा) सेना बीच हलेसी, रावा, दिङ्ला, माझकिरात क्षेत्रमा झडपह्ग्रू भए। किरातका विषालु धनुकाणको मारले नेपाली सेना आक्रान्त भए तापन विजय नेपालकै भयो। बिसं १८२९ माघ भरमा माझकिरातमा नेपालको अधिकार भयि। पहाडी भाग मात्र त्यहाँसम्म दखल भएको हुँदा तलहट्टीमा पनि विजय गर्नुपर्ने स्थिति देखा परुओ। मुख्य काथिनता पहाडी भागमा नै पर्थ्यो, त्यो दखल भयो। 

तराईको भूभागलाई कब्जा गर्न बख्सी अभिम्क्सनसिंह बस्न्यातलाई खटाई पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले अङ्ग्रेज गभर्नर वारेन हेस्ट्ङ्सलाई पत्र लेखे। बि.सं १८३० जेठ मा लेखेको पत्रमा विजयपुरका राजा कामदत्त सेन आफ्ना दाजु हुनाले निजको हत्या दिवान बुद्धिकर्ण राईले गरेकाले निजको बदला लिन सेबा पठाएकाले अङ्ग्रेज सरकारले बुद्धिकर्णलाई सहयोग नगर्ने अनुरोधका साय्है त्यताको रैरकम के गर्नुपर्ने हो आफूले मिलाउने कुरा पनि उल्लेख गरिएको थियो। त्यस पत्रको आशय अङ्ग्रेजले विरोधीलाई साय्ह नदिउन् भन्ने थियो।

==मृत्यु==
[[चित्र:विदुर नगरपालिका वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|[[विदुर नगरपालिका]] वडा नं ५ द्वारा निर्मित स्तम्भ ]]
वि.सं. १८३१ (सन् १७७४) मङ्सिरको मध्यतिर जाडो छल्न नुवाकोट गएका पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[साततले दरबार (नुवाकोट)|नुवाकोट दरबार]]मा बिमारी परेका थिएँ। स्वास्थ्य झन्-झन् खराब हुँदै गएपछि उनैको इच्छाअनुसार त्यहाँको [[देवीघाट]] लगिएको थियो। नौ दिनसम्म घाटमै रही माघ १ गते बिहान सात बजे उनको निधन भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाह: मृत्युको कारण 'बाघको आक्रमण' कि रोग?|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/news-46824299.amp|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बीबीसी नेपाली|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; कतै कतै सिकार खेल्न गएको बेलामा बाघको आक्रमणमा परी गहिरो चोट परी घाइते भएको हिँदा मृत्यु भएको समेत उल्लेख छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=सञ्जीवन महर्जन|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको मृत्यु|युआरएल=https://saptahik.com.np/history/2016/03/30/20160330121932|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=साप्ताहिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; घाटमै राखिएको बेला उनले नेपालको भूराजनीतिक अवस्था, सामाजिक जीवन, प्रतिरक्षा र विकासका सन्दर्भमा उपदेशहरू दिएका थिएँ, जसलाई '[[दिव्योपदेश]]' समेत भनिन्छ। &lt;ref&gt;http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150112022040/http://www.ekantipur.com/np/2071/9/25/full-story/401744.html |date=2015-01-12 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;नेपाल दुई ढुङ्गाबीचको तरुल जस्तो रहेछ। दक्षिणको बादशाह महाचतुर रहेछ। जाइकटक नगर्नु, झिकी कटक गर्नु। नेपाल चार वर्ण, छत्तिस जातको साझा फूलबारी हो।&quot; इत्यादि सान्दर्भिक उपदेशहरू पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=विजयका पर्याय पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|युआरएल=https://www.newsofnepal.com/2021/01/04/373489/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[माघे सङ्क्रान्ति]]का दिन ५२ वर्षको उमेरमा उकुच र ठेउला आएर नुवाकोट जिल्लामा पर्ने [[त्रिशूली नदी|त्रिशुली]] र तादी नदीको सङ्गम 'मोहन तिर्थ' वा [[देवीघाट]]मा उनको मृत्यु भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास [[राजाराम सुवेदी]] पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;

== नीति ==

=== आर्थिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले आर्थिक समृद्धिका बारेमा पनि धेरै कुरा व्यक्त गरेका छन्। मुलुक गरिब भयो भने सुरक्षित रहन सक्दैन भन्ने उनको मान्यता रहेको थियो। सरकारले कर उठाउनका लागि कसैलाई ठेक्का नदिइकन आफैँले सो कार्य गर्नु पर्छ भन्ने उनले धारणा रहेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=  डा. जयराज आचार्य|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको परराष्ट्र नीतिका पञ्चतत्व|युआरएल=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/01/651810|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=अनलाइन खबर|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; तात्कालिक समयमा, उनले पूर्व र पश्चिमको बाटोहरू बन्द गर्दै काठमाडौँसम्मको यातायातको बाटो खुलाउने इच्छा राखेका थिएँ।
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स्थानीय उत्पादनलाई जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनको कृति दिव्योपदेशमा उनले विदेशी व्यापारीहरू नेपाल प्रवेश गरेभने यसलाई मरुभूमि बनाएर छोड्ने धारणामा रहेका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणः राष्ट्रनिर्माता कि विस्तारवादका नाइके ?|युआरएल=https://ratopati.com/story/74048|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=रातोपाटी|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस्तै सन्दर्भमा उनले विदेशी कपडा लगाउनलाई बहिष्कार गर्ने सल्लाह दिएका थिएँ र स्थानीय मानिसहरूलाई कपडा बुन्न प्रशिक्षण समेत दिएका थिएँ। स्थानीय सम्पत्ति देशबाट बाहिर जान नहुने उनको विश्वास रहेको थियो। उनले नेपाली जडिबुटीलाई विदेशी भूमिमा बेच्न र यसबाट प्राप्त सम्पत्तिलाई देशमा फिर्ता ल्याउन प्रोत्साहित गरेका थिएँ। उनी पैसा देश भित्र मात्र रहेको हेर्न चाहन्थे। उनले प्रसिद्ध भनाइमा उनले, &quot;प्रजा मोटो भए दरबार पनि बलियो रहन्छ&quot; भनेर बताएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=इतिहासलाई जोगाएर राख्नु पर्छ; मार्नु हुन्न|युआरएल=https://www.brtnepal.com/2019/01/09/74013.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=ब्रिटनेपाल|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== रक्षा नीति ===

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले किल्लाहरू निर्माणमा जोड दिएका थिएँ। उनले नेपालको भूमिलाई भगवान आफैले बनाएको प्राकृतिक किल्लाको रूपमा लिएका थिएँ। उनले शिवपुरी, फूलचौकी, चन्द्रगिरी, महादेवपोखरी, पालुङ, डापाचा र काहुलेमा बलियो किल्ला तयार पार्न र प्रत्येकमा तोप राख्न सुझाव दिएका थिएँ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायण शाहलाई के ले विजयी बनायो ?|युआरएल=https://www.dekhapadhi.com/news/5107|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=देखापढी अनलाइन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; भन्ज्याङमा फलामेका ढोकाहरू निर्माण गर्न र ती सबैमा तोपहरू तयारी अवस्थामा राख्ने गरि उनले निर्माण गराएका थिएँ जसमा उनले देशलाई जासूस, शरणार्थी, हत्यारा आदिबाट जोगाउने विश्वास गरेका थिएँ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=बडामहाराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको दिव्य उपदेश|last=आचार्य, बाबुराम|first=नरहरिनाथ, योगी|publisher=श्रीकृष्ण आचार्य|year=२०१४|isbn=978-99933-912-1-0|location=काठमाडौँ|pages=४,५}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== धार्मिक नीति ===
पृथ्वीनारायण शाहमा धार्मिक श्रद्धा निकै रहेको थियो। यीनी काली र [[गोरखनाथ]]का उपासक थिए। यसकारण ले उनले आफ्ना छापमा आफ्नो नाम नलेखी कालीको नामान्तर भवानी र यिनको हतियार [[खड्ग]] राखिदिए। कालीका पूजामा सिन्दूरको प्रयोग हुने हुनाले यो छापमा लगाउँदा पनि सिन्दूरकै व्यवहार गर्ने नियम गरे। यस कारण यो छाप [[लालमोहर]] भन्ने नामले प्रसिद्ध भयो। राज्य भवानीको हो, संरक्षक मा हुँ भन्ने भावना यिनको मनमा थियो। यिनका उत्तराधिकारी महाराजहरूले पनि यस छापलाई आफ्नो छाप मानेर त्यस भावनालाई कायमै राखे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले चाँदीका टकमा एकापट्टि आफ्नो नाम राखेर अर्कापट्टि भवानी र गोरखनाथ को नाम समेत छपाउने नियम गरे। पृथ्वीनारायण शाह [[हिन्दु धर्म|सनातन धर्म]]का पक्षपाती भए पनि [[बौद्ध धर्म]]को आदर गर्दथे। यिनले [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला|नुवाकोट]] दखल गरे पछी भोटका सक्य लामाले सिम्भु [[चैत्य]] मर्मत गर्न लाग्दा मेरुदण्डको लागि चाहिने अग्राखको लिङ्गो नुवाकोटबाट पथाइदिएका थिए। कीर्तिपुर दखल हुने बित्तिकै त्यहाँका चैत्यका निमित्त केही जमीन दाङ पनि दिए। सेसातका मल्ल राजाहरोका इष्टदेवता टावर वा [[तलेजु भवानी|तलेज्यूका]] पूजाआज्ञा पनि पूर्ववत् कायम राखे। नयाँ रियासत जितिएपछी त्यहाँका देवीदेवताका देवलहरू मर्मत गर्ने र यिनका आजापूजालाई [[गुठी]] जमिन बढाइदिने भारदारहरूको पहिलो काम हुन्थ्यो। यस काममा [[अमरसिंह थापा]] (बडा) विशेष प्रसिद्ध थिए.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=भण्डारी |first=देवीप्रसाद |title=इतिहास शिरोमणी बाबुराम आचार्यले रचना गर्नुभएको नेपालको संक्षिप्त इतिहास |url=https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |journal=पूर्णिमा |issue=81 |pages=72 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008091759/https://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/journals/purnima/pdf/Purnima_21_01.pdf |date=2023-10-08 }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==दिव्योपदेश==
{{Quote box
| quote = मेरा साना दुखले आर्ज्याको मुलुक होइन यो चार जात छात्तिस वर्णको साझा फूलबारी हो सबलाई चेतना भया।}}
{{मुख्य|दिव्योपदेश}}[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह|श्री ५ बडामहाराजधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]] आफ्नो अन्तिम समयमा [[शेरा दरबार]] दिएका दिव्योपदेशका कारणले चर्चित छन्। उनका उपदेशहरू आजपनि समय सान्दर्भिक रहेको धेरैको बुझाइ रहेको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=युवराज कँडेल|शीर्षक=पृथ्वीनारायणका दिव्योपदेशको सान्दर्भिकता|युआरएल=https://gautambuddhasandesh.com/?p=7491|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

पृथ्वीनारायण नारायण शाहका अनुसार &quot;बुढाहरू मर्दा कोहि अर्ति दिन्छन्, पछिल्ला पुस्तालाई ती कुरा गतिला हुनाले एकले अर्कालाई भन्दै राज्य सञ्चालन गर्दै जान्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८५&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वीनारायणले आफ्नो अन्तिम समय तिर भारदारहरूलाई उपदेश दिएका दिए। उनका अन्तिम सन्देशहरूबाट त्यस्ता पेचिला र चोटिला कुराहरू झल्कन्छन्।&lt;ref&gt;नेपालको तथ्य इतिहास पृष्ठ १८४&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=चेतना भया|युआरएल=https://nagariknews.nagariknetwork.com/opinion/136753-1515644040.html|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=नागरिक दैनिक|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== सन्तानहरू ==
[[File:Idols - Flickr - askmeaks.jpg|thumb|Idols of PrithviNarayan Shah with his two wives]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |नाम
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |जन्म
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |विवाह
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |मृत्यु
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; |बच्चाहरू
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; |जीवनसाथी
!मिति
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[प्रतापसिंह शाह|युवराजाधिराज प्रतापसिंह]]
|५ बैशाख १८०८ 
|[[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी|राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी देवी]]''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|
|वि.सं. १८४२
|[[रणबहादुर शाह|युवराजाधिराज रणबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[विदुरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार विदुरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शेरबहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार शेरबहादुर]]&lt;br/&gt;''(अरु थप पनि छन्)''
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[बहादुर शाह|अधिराजकुमार बहादुर]]
|वि.सं. १८१४ असार ६ 
|विद्या लक्ष्मी देवी
|
|वि.सं. १५ असार १८५४ 
|[[रिपू मर्दन शाह|अधिराजकुमार रिपू मर्दन]]&lt;br/&gt;[[शत्रु मन्जन शाह|अधिराजकुमार शत्रु मन्जन]]
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[विलासकुमारी|अधिराजकुमारी विलासकुमारी]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[रणभीम शाह]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |१७६६
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |
|
|-
|
|-
!चौतारिया रणसिंह शाह 
|
|
|
|
|
|}

== स्मारक ==

* [[पृथ्वी राजमार्ग|पृथ्वी राज मार्ग]]
* पृथ्वी राजपथ
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[सिंहदरबार|सिंह दरबार]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक([[पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर|पशुपतिनाथ मन्दिर्]])
* पृथ्वी सालिक, [[चन्द्रागिरी डाँडा|चन्द्रागिरि]]
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, राष्ट्र बिभुती पार्क, पोखरा
* [[पृथ्वीनारायण क्याम्पस|पृथ्वी नारायण क्याम्पस]] , पोखरा
* पृथ्वी संग्राहलय
* पृथ्वी नारायण शाह सालिक, सिन्धुली गदी 

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
===उद्धरणहरू===
{{Reflist}}

===पुस्तकहरू===
* {{Cite web |last=दाहाल |first=पेशल |date=२०५७ |title=नेपालको इतिहास |url=https://archive.org/details/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/mode/2up |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://ia802509.us.archive.org/23/items/nepalko-itihas-by-peshal-dahal_202204/Nepalko%20Itihas%20by%20Peshal%20Dahal_text.pdf |archive-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |access-date=२ जेष्ठ २०७९ |publisher=एम. के. पब्लिशर्स एण्ड डिस्ट्रिब्यूटर्स|ref = {{harvid|दाहाल|२०५७}}}}


{{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}}
{{नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू}}
{{नेपालको शाह राजवंशको वंशवृक्ष}}
{{नेपालका शाहवंशी राजाहरू}}
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikiquote}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[शाह वंश]]|२७ पुस|१७७९|१ माघ|१९३१}}
{{S-reg|}}
|-
{{succession box | before = [[नरभूपाल शाह]] | title = [[गोरखा राज्य|गोरखा]]का राजा | years = १७९९–१८३१| after = नेपालको राजाको रूपमा}}
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{{मूल_सर्ट:शाह, पृथ्वीनारायण}}
[[श्रेणी:विशाल नेपाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालका राष्ट्रिय विभूतिहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणकाल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:शाहवंश]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखा जिल्लाका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:पृथ्वीनारायण शाह| ]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली हिन्दुहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:हिन्दु राजाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:खस जाति]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरणका मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:गोरखाका राजाहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>3d2nct7lle4p6ifpawgcs3gclulcr6u</sha1>
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      <comment>नवनियुक्त अध्यक्ष सम्बन्धी विवरण</comment>
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      <text bytes="12080" sha1="gksn7n3htes0n8q7phqcfmbvrv0kzc8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Government agency
| agency_name     = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड
| nativename      = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड
| logo            = 
| logo_width      = 150px
| logo_caption    = 
| seal            = https://sebon.gov.np/images/sebonlogo.png
| seal_width      = 
| seal_caption    = 
| picture         = सेबोन.png
| picture_width   = 200px
| picture_caption = 
| established     = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते
| formed          = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते
| preceding1      = 
| dissolved       = 
| superseding     = 
| jurisdiction    = [[नेपाल सरकार]]
| headquarters    = खुमलटार [[ललितपुर जिल्ला|ललितपुर]]  ठाकुर म्यान्सन
| employees       = 
| chief1_name     = [[डा. गोपाल प्रसाद भट्ट]]
| chief1_position = &lt;br&gt;{{small|अध्यक्ष}};
| chief2_name     = [[डा. नवराज अधिकारी]]
| chief2_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief3_name     = विनयदेव आचार्य
| chief3_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief4_name     = [[मुक्तिनाथ श्रेष्ठ]]
| chief4_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief5_name     = [[रुपेश के.सी.]]
| chief5_position = {{small|का.मु. कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief6_name     = [[श्यामु मण्डल]]
| chief6_position = {{small|निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}}
| chief7_name     = [[विपीन ओझा]]
| chief7_position = {{small|सहायक निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}}
| website         = {{url|http://sebon.gov.np/}}
| footnotes       = 
}}

{{धितोपत्र}}
'''नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड'''को स्थापना वि.सं. २०४९ सालमा धितोपत्र कारोबार ऐन, २०४० लाई प्रथम संशोधन गरी धितोपत्र बजारको नियमन तथा सुपरिवेक्षण गर्न [[नेपाल सरकार]]बाट वि.सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ मा धितोपत्र बजारको नियमनकारी निकायको रूपमा धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको हो।&lt;ref&gt;धितोपत्र अध्यादेश २०६२&lt;/ref&gt; यसरी धितोपत्र बजारमा एक स्वायत्त नियमन निकायको रूपमा बोर्ड स्थापना भएको समयलाई नेपालको धितोपत्र बजारको दोश्रो चरणको रूपमा हेर्न सकिन्छ। बोडको स्थापना कालमा धितोपत्र बजारको आकार अत्यन्त सानो थियो भने धितोपत्र सम्बन्धी ऐन, नियम तथा व्यवस्थाहरुसमेत पयार्प्त थिएनन्। धितोपत्र कारोबारको लागि आवश्यक बजार मध्यस्थ संस्थाहरूको प्रवेश नभएको तथा धितोपत्र विनिमय कारोबारसमेत व्यवस्थित हुन नसकेको पृष्ठभूमिमा बजारको समयसापेक्ष विकास तथा विस्तारका लागि बोर्ड सामु मुख्यतः दुई(२) प्रकारका चुनौतीहरु रहेका थिए। अपयार्प्त रूपमा रहेको कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्थामा संरचनात्मक परिवतर्न ल्याउने र नयाँ कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्था माफर्त् सानो आकारमा रहेको धितोपत्र बजारको अवस्थामा सुधार गरी बजारलाइ उपर्युक्त दिशा प्रदान गर्ने पहिलो चुनौती तथा जिम्मेवारी बोर्डलाई थियो भने स्थापनाकालको प्रारम्भमा दुई(२) टेलिफोन लाइन, तीन (३) थान कम्प्युटर र दुई महाशाखा अन्तर्गत छ (६) जना कमर्चारी मात्र रहेको अवस्थामा सीमित श्रोत र  साधनबाट पनि धितोपत्र बजार रेखदेख गर्ने सक्षम नियमन निकायको रूपमा स्थापित हुन आन्तरिक  व्यवस्थापनलाई पनि प्रभावकारी बनाउनु पर्ने अर्को चुनौती रहेको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://sebon.gov.np/uploads/uploads/JIsnwv9JLypP9X1MpqwW3HjP3WJDbgJDzSsCblYm.pdf नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड रजत जयन्ती वर्ष स्मारिका २०७५] &lt;/ref&gt;

==सोच==
विकसित पूँजी बजारमार्फत दिगो आर्थिक वृद्धी गर्न सघाउ पुर्याउने।

==लक्ष्य==
राष्ट्रिय बचत तथा लगानी एवं अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय लगानीलाई आकर्षित गर्दै अर्थतन्त्र पूँजी लगायत कमी ल्याउने गरी पूँजी बजारलाई सक्षम्, गतिशील र विश्वसनीय बनाउने।

== नेपाली पुँजी बजारमा रहेका धितोपत्र विनिमय बजार ==
नेपालको पुँजी बजारमा हाल एकमात्र  धितोपत्र विनिमय बजार (Stock Exchange) रहेको छ ।  नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेञ्ज (नेप्से) ले हाल नेपाली पुँजी बजारमा रहेका स्वपूँजी (Equity), ऋणपत्र (Debentures), सामूहिक लगानी योजना (Mutual Fund Schemes) हरूको दोश्रो बजारमा खरिद विक्रि गर्नका लागि बजारको सञ्चालन गर्दै आइरहेको छ ।

नेपालमा धितोपत्रसम्बन्धी सम्पूर्ण कार्य गर्दै आएको &quot;सेक्युरिटी  खरिद विक्री केन्द्र&quot;लाई स्थापना भएको  करिब १७ वषर्पछि [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज|नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज लिमिटेड (नेप्से]]) मा परिवर्तन गरी धितोपत्रको [[दोस्रो बजार]]को सञ्चालन तथा व्यवस्थापन गर्ने छुट्टै दोस्रो बजारको व्यवस्था भयो । यसरी परिवतर्न भएको नेप्सेको पूँजी संरचनामा समेत परिवर्तन भई कुल चुक्ता पूँजी रु. ३० करोड कायम भयो । नेप्सेको पूँजी संरचना देहाय अनुसारको रहेको छ ।

== स्वामित्व साझेदारी ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!
!हिस्सा
|-
|
|नेपाल सरकार   
|५८.६६ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|[[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]   
|३४.६० प्रतिशत
|-
|
|नेपाल आैद्योगिक विकास निगम
|६.१२ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|इजाजतप्राप्त ब्रोकरहरू 
|०.६२ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|कुल
|१०० प्रतिशत
|}
&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

पूँजीबजारको विकास गरी धितोपत्रमा लगानी गर्ने लगानीकर्ताहरूको हित संरक्षण गर्न, धितोपत्रको निष्काशन, खरिद, बिक्री, वितरण र विनिमय कार्यलाई प्रभावकारी रूपमा व्यवस्थित बनाई धितोपत्र बजार र धितोपत्र व्यवसायमा संलग्न व्यक्तिहरूको काम, कारबाहीलाई नियमित तथा व्यवस्थित गर्नको लागि नेपाल सरकारबाट वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको थियोे।

== अध्यक्षहरू ==
Former Chairman&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former Chairman |url=https://sebon.gov.np/former-chairmans |website=नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; margin:auto;&quot;
!सि.नं. 
!अध्यक्षको नाम
!देखी 
!सम्म
|-
|१.
|डम्बर प्रसाद ढुङ्गेल 
|२०५०-०२-२५
|२०६०-०५-१४
|-
|२.
|दीपक राज काफ्ले
|२०६०-०५-१५
|२०६४-०५-१० 
|-
|३.
|डा. [[चिरञ्जीवी नेपाल]]
|२०६४-०५-११
|२०६५-०८-११ 
|-
|४ .
|सुरबिर पौड्यल्
|२०६५-०९-०९
|२०६८-०५-१० 
|-
|५ .
|बाबु राम श्रेष्ठ
|२०६८-०६-३०
|२०७२-०६-२९ 
|-
|६ .
|डा. [[रेवतबहादुर कार्की|रेवत बहादुर कार्की]]
|२०७२-०७-०१
|२०७६-०६-३०
|-
|७.
|[[भिष्मराज ढुङ्गाना|भिष्मराज ढुंगाना]]
|२०७६-०९-२३
|२०७८-०६-१९
|-
|८.
|रमेश हमाल
|२०७८-११-०८ 
|२०८०-०९-२०
|-
|९.
|सन्तोषनारायण श्रेष्ठ
|२०८१-०८-१०
| २०८३-०१-०४
|-
|१०.
|डा. गोपाल प्रसाद भट्ट
|२०८३-०३-०५
|
|}

==यो पनि हेर्नु होस्==
* [[मुद्रा बजार]]
* [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]]

== सन्दर्भ ==
[[श्रेणी:संस्था]]
[[श्रेणी:नियमनकारी निकाय]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको नियमनकारी निकायहरु]]</text>
      <sha1>gksn7n3htes0n8q7phqcfmbvrv0kzc8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1363333</id>
      <parentid>1363332</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T05:20:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-36589-01</username>
        <id>79521</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>सेवा निवृत्त भएका कार्यकारी निर्देशक हटाइएको ।</comment>
      <origin>1363333</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11954" sha1="lah6p80jszi09rydyxwwdhqob2rf8di" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Government agency
| agency_name     = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड
| nativename      = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड
| logo            = 
| logo_width      = 150px
| logo_caption    = 
| seal            = https://sebon.gov.np/images/sebonlogo.png
| seal_width      = 
| seal_caption    = 
| picture         = सेबोन.png
| picture_width   = 200px
| picture_caption = 
| established     = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते
| formed          = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते
| preceding1      = 
| dissolved       = 
| superseding     = 
| jurisdiction    = [[नेपाल सरकार]]
| headquarters    = खुमलटार [[ललितपुर जिल्ला|ललितपुर]]  ठाकुर म्यान्सन
| employees       = 
| chief1_name     = [[डा. गोपाल प्रसाद भट्ट]]
| chief1_position = &lt;br&gt;{{small|अध्यक्ष}};
| chief2_name     = 
| chief2_position = 
| chief3_name     = विनयदेव आचार्य
| chief3_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief4_name     = [[मुक्तिनाथ श्रेष्ठ]]
| chief4_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief5_name     = [[रुपेश के.सी.]]
| chief5_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief6_name     = [[श्यामु मण्डल]]
| chief6_position = {{small|निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}}
| chief7_name     = [[विपीन ओझा]]
| chief7_position = {{small|सहायक निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}}
| website         = {{url|http://sebon.gov.np/}}
| footnotes       = 
}}

{{धितोपत्र}}
'''नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड'''को स्थापना वि.सं. २०४९ सालमा धितोपत्र कारोबार ऐन, २०४० लाई प्रथम संशोधन गरी धितोपत्र बजारको नियमन तथा सुपरिवेक्षण गर्न [[नेपाल सरकार]]बाट वि.सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ मा धितोपत्र बजारको नियमनकारी निकायको रूपमा धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको हो।&lt;ref&gt;धितोपत्र अध्यादेश २०६२&lt;/ref&gt; यसरी धितोपत्र बजारमा एक स्वायत्त नियमन निकायको रूपमा बोर्ड स्थापना भएको समयलाई नेपालको धितोपत्र बजारको दोश्रो चरणको रूपमा हेर्न सकिन्छ। बोडको स्थापना कालमा धितोपत्र बजारको आकार अत्यन्त सानो थियो भने धितोपत्र सम्बन्धी ऐन, नियम तथा व्यवस्थाहरुसमेत पयार्प्त थिएनन्। धितोपत्र कारोबारको लागि आवश्यक बजार मध्यस्थ संस्थाहरूको प्रवेश नभएको तथा धितोपत्र विनिमय कारोबारसमेत व्यवस्थित हुन नसकेको पृष्ठभूमिमा बजारको समयसापेक्ष विकास तथा विस्तारका लागि बोर्ड सामु मुख्यतः दुई(२) प्रकारका चुनौतीहरु रहेका थिए। अपयार्प्त रूपमा रहेको कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्थामा संरचनात्मक परिवतर्न ल्याउने र नयाँ कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्था माफर्त् सानो आकारमा रहेको धितोपत्र बजारको अवस्थामा सुधार गरी बजारलाइ उपर्युक्त दिशा प्रदान गर्ने पहिलो चुनौती तथा जिम्मेवारी बोर्डलाई थियो भने स्थापनाकालको प्रारम्भमा दुई(२) टेलिफोन लाइन, तीन (३) थान कम्प्युटर र दुई महाशाखा अन्तर्गत छ (६) जना कमर्चारी मात्र रहेको अवस्थामा सीमित श्रोत र  साधनबाट पनि धितोपत्र बजार रेखदेख गर्ने सक्षम नियमन निकायको रूपमा स्थापित हुन आन्तरिक  व्यवस्थापनलाई पनि प्रभावकारी बनाउनु पर्ने अर्को चुनौती रहेको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://sebon.gov.np/uploads/uploads/JIsnwv9JLypP9X1MpqwW3HjP3WJDbgJDzSsCblYm.pdf नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड रजत जयन्ती वर्ष स्मारिका २०७५] &lt;/ref&gt;

==सोच==
विकसित पूँजी बजारमार्फत दिगो आर्थिक वृद्धी गर्न सघाउ पुर्याउने।

==लक्ष्य==
राष्ट्रिय बचत तथा लगानी एवं अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय लगानीलाई आकर्षित गर्दै अर्थतन्त्र पूँजी लगायत कमी ल्याउने गरी पूँजी बजारलाई सक्षम्, गतिशील र विश्वसनीय बनाउने।

== नेपाली पुँजी बजारमा रहेका धितोपत्र विनिमय बजार ==
नेपालको पुँजी बजारमा हाल एकमात्र  धितोपत्र विनिमय बजार (Stock Exchange) रहेको छ ।  नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेञ्ज (नेप्से) ले हाल नेपाली पुँजी बजारमा रहेका स्वपूँजी (Equity), ऋणपत्र (Debentures), सामूहिक लगानी योजना (Mutual Fund Schemes) हरूको दोश्रो बजारमा खरिद विक्रि गर्नका लागि बजारको सञ्चालन गर्दै आइरहेको छ ।

नेपालमा धितोपत्रसम्बन्धी सम्पूर्ण कार्य गर्दै आएको &quot;सेक्युरिटी  खरिद विक्री केन्द्र&quot;लाई स्थापना भएको  करिब १७ वषर्पछि [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज|नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज लिमिटेड (नेप्से]]) मा परिवर्तन गरी धितोपत्रको [[दोस्रो बजार]]को सञ्चालन तथा व्यवस्थापन गर्ने छुट्टै दोस्रो बजारको व्यवस्था भयो । यसरी परिवतर्न भएको नेप्सेको पूँजी संरचनामा समेत परिवर्तन भई कुल चुक्ता पूँजी रु. ३० करोड कायम भयो । नेप्सेको पूँजी संरचना देहाय अनुसारको रहेको छ ।

== स्वामित्व साझेदारी ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!
!हिस्सा
|-
|
|नेपाल सरकार   
|५८.६६ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|[[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]   
|३४.६० प्रतिशत
|-
|
|नेपाल आैद्योगिक विकास निगम
|६.१२ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|इजाजतप्राप्त ब्रोकरहरू 
|०.६२ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|कुल
|१०० प्रतिशत
|}
&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

पूँजीबजारको विकास गरी धितोपत्रमा लगानी गर्ने लगानीकर्ताहरूको हित संरक्षण गर्न, धितोपत्रको निष्काशन, खरिद, बिक्री, वितरण र विनिमय कार्यलाई प्रभावकारी रूपमा व्यवस्थित बनाई धितोपत्र बजार र धितोपत्र व्यवसायमा संलग्न व्यक्तिहरूको काम, कारबाहीलाई नियमित तथा व्यवस्थित गर्नको लागि नेपाल सरकारबाट वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको थियोे।

== अध्यक्षहरू ==
Former Chairman&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former Chairman |url=https://sebon.gov.np/former-chairmans |website=नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; margin:auto;&quot;
!सि.नं. 
!अध्यक्षको नाम
!देखी 
!सम्म
|-
|१.
|डम्बर प्रसाद ढुङ्गेल 
|२०५०-०२-२५
|२०६०-०५-१४
|-
|२.
|दीपक राज काफ्ले
|२०६०-०५-१५
|२०६४-०५-१० 
|-
|३.
|डा. [[चिरञ्जीवी नेपाल]]
|२०६४-०५-११
|२०६५-०८-११ 
|-
|४ .
|सुरबिर पौड्यल्
|२०६५-०९-०९
|२०६८-०५-१० 
|-
|५ .
|बाबु राम श्रेष्ठ
|२०६८-०६-३०
|२०७२-०६-२९ 
|-
|६ .
|डा. [[रेवतबहादुर कार्की|रेवत बहादुर कार्की]]
|२०७२-०७-०१
|२०७६-०६-३०
|-
|७.
|[[भिष्मराज ढुङ्गाना|भिष्मराज ढुंगाना]]
|२०७६-०९-२३
|२०७८-०६-१९
|-
|८.
|रमेश हमाल
|२०७८-११-०८ 
|२०८०-०९-२०
|-
|९.
|सन्तोषनारायण श्रेष्ठ
|२०८१-०८-१०
| २०८३-०१-०४
|-
|१०.
|डा. गोपाल प्रसाद भट्ट
|२०८३-०३-०५
|
|}

==यो पनि हेर्नु होस्==
* [[मुद्रा बजार]]
* [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]]

== सन्दर्भ ==
[[श्रेणी:संस्था]]
[[श्रेणी:नियमनकारी निकाय]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको नियमनकारी निकायहरु]]</text>
      <sha1>lah6p80jszi09rydyxwwdhqob2rf8di</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1363368</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T11:57:02Z</timestamp>
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        <id>28807</id>
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      <origin>1363368</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10966" sha1="cozg74ret4gpqdv7qbxfgnmhvpll0c4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox Government agency
| agency_name     = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड
| nativename      = नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड
| logo            = 
| logo_width      = 150px
| logo_caption    = 
| seal            = https://sebon.gov.np/images/sebonlogo.png
| seal_width      = 
| seal_caption    = 
| picture         = सेबोन.png
| picture_width   = 200px
| picture_caption = 
| established     = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते
| formed          = वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते
| preceding1      = 
| dissolved       = 
| superseding     = 
| jurisdiction    = [[नेपाल सरकार]]
| headquarters    = खुमलटार [[ललितपुर जिल्ला|ललितपुर]]  ठाकुर म्यान्सन
| employees       = 
| chief1_name     = [[डा. गोपाल प्रसाद भट्ट]]
| chief1_position = &lt;br&gt;{{small|अध्यक्ष}};
| chief2_name     = 
| chief2_position = 
| chief3_name     = विनयदेव आचार्य
| chief3_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief4_name     = [[मुक्तिनाथ श्रेष्ठ]]
| chief4_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief5_name     = [[रुपेश के.सी.]]
| chief5_position = {{small|कार्यकारी निर्देशक}}
| chief6_name     = [[श्यामु मण्डल]]
| chief6_position = {{small|निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}}
| chief7_name     = [[विपीन ओझा]]
| chief7_position = {{small|सहायक निर्देशक, अध्यक्षको कार्यालय}}
| website         = {{url|http://sebon.gov.np/}}
| footnotes       = 
}}

{{धितोपत्र}}
'''नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड'''को स्थापना वि.सं. २०४९ सालमा धितोपत्र कारोबार ऐन, २०४० लाई प्रथम संशोधन गरी धितोपत्र बजारको नियमन तथा सुपरिवेक्षण गर्न [[नेपाल सरकार]]बाट वि.सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ मा धितोपत्र बजारको नियमनकारी निकायको रूपमा धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको हो।&lt;ref&gt;धितोपत्र अध्यादेश २०६२&lt;/ref&gt; यसरी धितोपत्र बजारमा एक स्वायत्त नियमन निकायको रूपमा बोर्ड स्थापना भएको समयलाई नेपालको धितोपत्र बजारको दोश्रो चरणको रूपमा हेर्न सकिन्छ। बोडको स्थापना कालमा धितोपत्र बजारको आकार अत्यन्त सानो थियो भने धितोपत्र सम्बन्धी ऐन, नियम तथा व्यवस्थाहरुसमेत पयार्प्त थिएनन्। धितोपत्र कारोबारको लागि आवश्यक बजार मध्यस्थ संस्थाहरूको प्रवेश नभएको तथा धितोपत्र विनिमय कारोबारसमेत व्यवस्थित हुन नसकेको पृष्ठभूमिमा बजारको समयसापेक्ष विकास तथा विस्तारका लागि बोर्ड सामु मुख्यतः दुई(२) प्रकारका चुनौतीहरु रहेका थिए। अपयार्प्त रूपमा रहेको कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्थामा संरचनात्मक परिवतर्न ल्याउने र नयाँ कानूनी तथा नीतिगत व्यवस्था माफर्त् सानो आकारमा रहेको धितोपत्र बजारको अवस्थामा सुधार गरी बजारलाइ उपर्युक्त दिशा प्रदान गर्ने पहिलो चुनौती तथा जिम्मेवारी बोर्डलाई थियो भने स्थापनाकालको प्रारम्भमा दुई(२) टेलिफोन लाइन, तीन (३) थान कम्प्युटर र दुई महाशाखा अन्तर्गत छ (६) जना कमर्चारी मात्र रहेको अवस्थामा सीमित श्रोत र  साधनबाट पनि धितोपत्र बजार रेखदेख गर्ने सक्षम नियमन निकायको रूपमा स्थापित हुन आन्तरिक  व्यवस्थापनलाई पनि प्रभावकारी बनाउनु पर्ने अर्को चुनौती रहेको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;[https://sebon.gov.np/uploads/uploads/JIsnwv9JLypP9X1MpqwW3HjP3WJDbgJDzSsCblYm.pdf नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड रजत जयन्ती वर्ष स्मारिका २०७५] &lt;/ref&gt;

नेपालको पुँजी बजारमा हाल एकमात्र  धितोपत्र विनिमय बजार (Stock Exchange) रहेको छ ।  नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेञ्ज (नेप्से) ले हाल नेपाली पुँजी बजारमा रहेका स्वपूँजी (Equity), ऋणपत्र (Debentures), सामूहिक लगानी योजना (Mutual Fund Schemes) हरूको दोश्रो बजारमा खरिद विक्रि गर्नका लागि बजारको सञ्चालन गर्दै आइरहेको छ ।

नेपालमा धितोपत्रसम्बन्धी सम्पूर्ण कार्य गर्दै आएको &quot;सेक्युरिटी  खरिद विक्री केन्द्र&quot;लाई स्थापना भएको  करिब १७ वषर्पछि [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज|नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज लिमिटेड (नेप्से]]) मा परिवर्तन गरी धितोपत्रको [[दोस्रो बजार]]को सञ्चालन तथा व्यवस्थापन गर्ने छुट्टै दोस्रो बजारको व्यवस्था भयो । 

== स्वामित्व साझेदारी ==
नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डको पूँजी संरचना देहाय अनुसारको रहेको छ ।
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!
!हिस्सा
|-
|
|नेपाल सरकार   
|५८.६६ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|[[नेपाल राष्ट्र बैङ्क]]   
|३४.६० प्रतिशत
|-
|
|नेपाल आैद्योगिक विकास निगम
|६.१२ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|इजाजतप्राप्त ब्रोकरहरू 
|०.६२ प्रतिशत
|-
|
|कुल
|१०० प्रतिशत
|}
&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

पूँजीबजारको विकास गरी धितोपत्रमा लगानी गर्ने लगानीकर्ताहरूको हित संरक्षण गर्न, धितोपत्रको निष्काशन, खरिद, बिक्री, वितरण र विनिमय कार्यलाई प्रभावकारी रूपमा व्यवस्थित बनाई धितोपत्र बजार र धितोपत्र व्यवसायमा संलग्न व्यक्तिहरूको काम, कारबाहीलाई नियमित तथा व्यवस्थित गर्नको लागि नेपाल सरकारबाट वि. सं. २०५० जेष्ठ २५ गते नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्डको स्थापना भएको थियोे।

== अध्यक्षहरू ==
Former Chairman&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former Chairman |url=https://sebon.gov.np/former-chairmans |website=नेपाल धितोपत्र बोर्ड}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;margin:auto; margin:auto;&quot;
!सि.नं. 
!अध्यक्षको नाम
!देखी 
!सम्म
|-
|१.
|डम्बर प्रसाद ढुङ्गेल 
|२०५०-०२-२५
|२०६०-०५-१४
|-
|२.
|दीपक राज काफ्ले
|२०६०-०५-१५
|२०६४-०५-१० 
|-
|३.
|डा. [[चिरञ्जीवी नेपाल]]
|२०६४-०५-११
|२०६५-०८-११ 
|-
|४ .
|सुरबिर पौड्यल्
|२०६५-०९-०९
|२०६८-०५-१० 
|-
|५ .
|बाबु राम श्रेष्ठ
|२०६८-०६-३०
|२०७२-०६-२९ 
|-
|६ .
|डा. [[रेवतबहादुर कार्की|रेवत बहादुर कार्की]]
|२०७२-०७-०१
|२०७६-०६-३०
|-
|७.
|[[भिष्मराज ढुङ्गाना|भिष्मराज ढुंगाना]]
|२०७६-०९-२३
|२०७८-०६-१९
|-
|८.
|रमेश हमाल
|२०७८-११-०८ 
|२०८०-०९-२०
|-
|९.
|सन्तोषनारायण श्रेष्ठ
|२०८१-०८-१०
| २०८३-०१-०४
|-
|१०.
|डा. गोपाल प्रसाद भट्ट
|२०८३-०३-०५
|
|}

==यो पनि हेर्नु होस्==
* [[मुद्रा बजार]]
* [[नेपाल स्टक एक्सचेन्ज]]

== सन्दर्भ ==
[[श्रेणी:संस्था]]
[[श्रेणी:नियमनकारी निकाय]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको नियमनकारी निकायहरु]]</text>
      <sha1>cozg74ret4gpqdv7qbxfgnmhvpll0c4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब</title>
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|  clubname = मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  image    = चित्र:ManangMarshyangdiClub.png
|  fullname = मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  nickname = 'मनाङे'
|  founded  = {{Start date and age|1982}}
|  ground   = [[दशरथ रङ्गशाला]], &lt;br/&gt;[[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]]
|  capacity = २५,००० अन्दाजी
| captain = [[अनिल गुरूङ]]
|  chairman = ज्याम्लिङ घले 
|  coach    = [[राजु काजी शाक्य]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MMC Appoint Experienced Raju Shakya As A Head Coach |url=http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |work=[[GoalNepal.com]] |date=19 January 2015 |accessdate=19 January 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119165645/http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |date=19 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;assistant [[नबिन न्य]]
|  league   = [[२०१५ नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग]]
|  season   = २०७२
|  position = दोस्रो 
| Fan club =MMC
|  pattern_la1=_colorunderwhite|pattern_b1=_arg06h|pattern_ra1=_colorunderwhite
|  leftarm1=75AADB|body1=75AADB|rightarm1=75AADB|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=FFFFFF
|  pattern_la2=_whitesmalllower|pattern_b2=_whitestripes|pattern_ra2=_whitesmalllower
|  leftarm2=008000|body2=008000|rightarm2=008000|shorts2=ffffff|socks2=008000
||pattern_la3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_b3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_ra3 =_liverpool1415h
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}}

'''मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब''' नेपालको 'क' श्रेणीको फुटबल क्लब हो । यस फुटबल सबैभन्दा धेरै पटक नेपालको राष्ट्रिय लिग जित्ने एकमात्र फुटबल क्लब हो। जसले हालसम्म ७ पटक [[सहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग|शहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग]] जितेको छ । भने अन्तिम पटक २०१४ मा राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको थियो । सन् १९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४ गरी सात पटक सम्म राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको यस क्लबले सन् २०१३ सालमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधिका रूपमा किङस् कप जित्न सफल भएको थियो ।

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब जसलाई नेपाली[[रियल म्याड्रिड]] भनेर समेत चिनिन्छ । भने यस फुटबल क्लबको  राष्ट्रिय लिग तथा अन्य जुनसुकै सानो ठूलो फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा  प्रमुख प्रतिद्वन्दीका रूपमा सुरुमा [[आरसीटि क्लब|रानीपोखरी कर्नर टिम (आरसीटि)]] र [[एनआरटी क्लब|न्युरोड टिम (एन.आर.टि)]]आएको थियो भने पछिलो पटक नेपालकै अर्को उत्कृष्ट क्लब  [[थ्री स्टार क्लब]] र [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]] लिईन्छ। साथै अन्य नेपाली फुटबल टिमहरूलाई पनि यस टिमको प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मानिन्छ ।

==इतिहास==
{{Main|मनाङ-मर्स्याङदी क्लबको इतिहास}}

=== स्थापना नामाकरण ===
{{Main|ठमेल ११}}

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब झगडाबाट सुरु भएको एउटा क्लब हो । ठमेल ११ र [[थ्री स्टार क्लब|थ्रीस्टार क्लब]] बीचको बि-डिभिजनको खेल हुँदा बिजेता टोली ए-डिभिजनमा उक्लने अवस्था थियो । तर खेल अन्त्य नहुदै खेलाडी बीच विवाद सुरु भयो । विवादित खेलमा थ्री स्टार विजयी भयो। र झगडा गरेको आरोपमा ठमेल ११ लाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाइयो । प्रतिबन्धित ठमेल ११ मा खेलाडी र पदाधिकारीले नंया क्लब स्थापना गरे । [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]]बाट आएका मानिसहरूले यसमा लगानी गरे । सुरुमा यसको नाम मर्स्याङदी- मनाङ क्लब थियो । त्यस थ्री स्टार र मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब स्थापना काल देखि नै प्रतिद्वन्दीको रूपमा उदाएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=लाेथ्याल |first=कृष्णसिंह |date=माघ १०, २०७७ |title=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/49931/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== डी डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन ===
मनाङले त्यो समयमा समूह डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन सम्म पुग्दा सबैमा च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । अझ कुनै पनि खेल हारेको थिएन ।  ०४३ अघि ए-डिभिजनमा बढुवा भएको मनाङले त्यसपछि निरन्तर सफलतामा आफूलाई अब्बल बनायो । ‘ए’ डिभिजन उक्लिएपछि मनाङले पछि फर्कनुपरेको छैन । त्यसपछि मनाङ ०४३ सँगै ०४४ र ०४६ मा पनि च्याम्पियन बन्यो । &lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.nayapatrikadaily.com/2018/09/22/97063/ घरेलु लिग उतारचढावपूर्ण विगत]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===२०६८ सिजन===
===२०६९ सिजन===
===२०७० सिजन===
===२०७१-७२ सिजन===
===२०७५ सिजन===
रेलिगेसन बिनाको लिगमा मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । मछिन्द्र विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेलमा बाहेक सबै खेलमा यो क्लब विजयी भएको थियो ।

==बर्तमान खेलाडीहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका खेलाडीहरू}}

''अन्तिम समय २ अक्टोबर सम्मको मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दीका खेलाडीहरू''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MMC Finalizes Squad For A Division League; Signs Jersey Sponsor With Signature|url=https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=26 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205719/https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490 |date=26 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[विशाल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[अशोक बराल]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[बिराज महर्जन|विराज महर्जन]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[कमल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[विमल बस्नेत]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[सुरज विश्वकर्मा]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[प्रवेश दनुवार]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=कर्मचेकि गुरूङ}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[मीलन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[राम कृष्ण बस्नेत]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[पुजन उपरकोटी]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[डोना थापा मगर]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[हेमन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[विशाल राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[सुजल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[मोहम्मद आशीफ]]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Manang Marshyangdi Club Signs Muhammed Asif From Calcutta Customs|url=https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=28 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001142638/https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569 |date=1 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[अनन्त तामाङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[विमल राना]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[दिपक राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=अफेज ओलावाले}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=ओलुवाउन्मी सोमीदी}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=ZIM|pos=DF|name=भीक्टर}}

{{Fs end}}

==प्रायोजकहरू==
मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका वर्तमानका प्रायोजकहरू:
*[[लक्ष्मी बैङ्क|लक्ष्मी बैङ्क लिमिटेड]]
==नेपाली राष्ट्रिय लिगमा प्रदर्शनी==

==जितेका उपाधिहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबले जितेका उपाधिहरू}}

*राष्ट्रिय लिग:७
१९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४, २०१८-१९
*बुढासुब्बा गोल्डकप:१
२००४
*खुकुरी गोल्डकप:१
२००३
*इटहरी गोल्डकप:१
२००७
*आहा ! गोल्ड कप:३
२००४, २००५ ,२०१२
*आदर्श कप:१
२०११
*[[झापा गोल्डकप]]:१
[[झापा गोल्डकप २०७३|२०७३]]
*सिमरा गोल्डकप:१
२०१२
*सुदुरपस्चिम खप्तड गोल्डकप;१
*पोखरा कप:१
२०१२&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nepalifootball.com/co{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} mpetitions/domestic-co mpetitions/pokhara-gc/9-unca tegorised/236-safal-pokhara- gold-cup-news.html&lt;/ref&gt;
*किङस् कप(भुटान):

==अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थितिहरू==
*एसियन क्लब च्याम्पियनसिप:१
१९८८:छनोट चरण
*एएफसी प्रेसिडेन्ट कप:२
२००६:समूह चरण
२०१४:अन्तिम चरण

==अवार्डहरू==
*[[एन्फा अवार्ड २०७५]] वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=हरि उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक, लव र अस्मिता रेफ्रीमा |url=https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/52630 |website=हाम्रो खेलकुद |accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६ }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=मनाङलाई ‘क्लब अफ दी इयर’ |url=https://www.khelpati.com/football/8342|website=khelpati.com|accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६}}&lt;/ref&gt;,

==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
*[[मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबको सिजन २०७५]]

==सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}

==बाह्य सुत्रहरू==

{{मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब}}
{{नेपालका फुटबल क्लबहरू}}

[[श्रेणी:नेपालमा फुटबल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली फुटबल क्लब]]
[[श्रेणी:मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब]]</text>
      <sha1>oeauwu98o0t91gmmwus3su9x8lcnffd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>1363359</id>
      <parentid>1363358</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T09:13:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bishaldev100</username>
        <id>28807</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* स्थापना नामाकरण */</comment>
      <origin>1363359</origin>
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      <text bytes="14280" sha1="gye41vw00bjzf3yd96al5jd8am51fpw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
|  clubname = मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  image    = चित्र:ManangMarshyangdiClub.png
|  fullname = मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  nickname = 'मनाङे'
|  founded  = {{Start date and age|1982}}
|  ground   = [[दशरथ रङ्गशाला]], &lt;br/&gt;[[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]]
|  capacity = २५,००० अन्दाजी
| captain = [[अनिल गुरूङ]]
|  chairman = ज्याम्लिङ घले 
|  coach    = [[राजु काजी शाक्य]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MMC Appoint Experienced Raju Shakya As A Head Coach |url=http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |work=[[GoalNepal.com]] |date=19 January 2015 |accessdate=19 January 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119165645/http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |date=19 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;assistant [[नबिन न्य]]
|  league   = [[२०१५ नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग]]
|  season   = २०७२
|  position = दोस्रो 
| Fan club =MMC
|  pattern_la1=_colorunderwhite|pattern_b1=_arg06h|pattern_ra1=_colorunderwhite
|  leftarm1=75AADB|body1=75AADB|rightarm1=75AADB|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=FFFFFF
|  pattern_la2=_whitesmalllower|pattern_b2=_whitestripes|pattern_ra2=_whitesmalllower
|  leftarm2=008000|body2=008000|rightarm2=008000|shorts2=ffffff|socks2=008000
||pattern_la3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_b3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_ra3 =_liverpool1415h
|pattern_sh3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_so3 = _liverpool1415h
}}

'''मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब''' नेपालको 'क' श्रेणीको फुटबल क्लब हो । यस फुटबल सबैभन्दा धेरै पटक नेपालको राष्ट्रिय लिग जित्ने एकमात्र फुटबल क्लब हो। जसले हालसम्म ७ पटक [[सहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग|शहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग]] जितेको छ । भने अन्तिम पटक २०१४ मा राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको थियो । सन् १९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४ गरी सात पटक सम्म राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको यस क्लबले सन् २०१३ सालमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधिका रूपमा किङस् कप जित्न सफल भएको थियो ।

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब जसलाई नेपाली[[रियल म्याड्रिड]] भनेर समेत चिनिन्छ । भने यस फुटबल क्लबको  राष्ट्रिय लिग तथा अन्य जुनसुकै सानो ठूलो फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा  प्रमुख प्रतिद्वन्दीका रूपमा सुरुमा [[आरसीटि क्लब|रानीपोखरी कर्नर टिम (आरसीटि)]] र [[एनआरटी क्लब|न्युरोड टिम (एन.आर.टि)]]आएको थियो भने पछिलो पटक नेपालकै अर्को उत्कृष्ट क्लब  [[थ्री स्टार क्लब]] र [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]] लिईन्छ। साथै अन्य नेपाली फुटबल टिमहरूलाई पनि यस टिमको प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मानिन्छ ।

==इतिहास==
{{Main|मनाङ-मर्स्याङदी क्लबको इतिहास}}

=== स्थापना नामाकरण ===
{{Main|ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब}}

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब झगडाबाट सुरु भएको एउटा क्लब हो। दशरथ रंगशालामा २०३८ सालमा ‘बी’ डिभिजन लिग खेल चलिरहेको थियो । प्रतिस्पर्धामा उत्रिएका थिए– थ्री स्टार क्लब र ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब। ठमेल ११ र [[थ्री स्टार क्लब|थ्रीस्टार क्लब]] बीचको बि-डिभिजनको खेल हुँदा बिजेता टोली ए-डिभिजनमा उक्लने अवस्था थियो। तर खेल अन्त्य नहुदै खेलाडी बीच विवाद सुरु भयो। विवादित खेलमा थ्री स्टार विजयी भयो। र झगडा गरेको आरोपमा ठमेल ११ लाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाइयो। प्रतिबन्धित ठमेल ११ मा खेलाडी र पदाधिकारीले नंया क्लब स्थापना गरे। [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]]बाट आएका मानिसहरूले यसमा लगानी गरे। सुरुमा यसको नाम मर्स्याङदी- मनाङ क्लब थियो। त्यस थ्री स्टार र मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब स्थापना काल देखि नै प्रतिद्वन्दीको रूपमा उदाएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=लाेथ्याल |first=कृष्णसिंह |date=माघ १०, २०७७ |title=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/49931/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== डी डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन ===
मनाङले त्यो समयमा समूह डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन सम्म पुग्दा सबैमा च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । अझ कुनै पनि खेल हारेको थिएन ।  ०४३ अघि ए-डिभिजनमा बढुवा भएको मनाङले त्यसपछि निरन्तर सफलतामा आफूलाई अब्बल बनायो । ‘ए’ डिभिजन उक्लिएपछि मनाङले पछि फर्कनुपरेको छैन । त्यसपछि मनाङ ०४३ सँगै ०४४ र ०४६ मा पनि च्याम्पियन बन्यो । &lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.nayapatrikadaily.com/2018/09/22/97063/ घरेलु लिग उतारचढावपूर्ण विगत]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===२०६८ सिजन===
===२०६९ सिजन===
===२०७० सिजन===
===२०७१-७२ सिजन===
===२०७५ सिजन===
रेलिगेसन बिनाको लिगमा मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । मछिन्द्र विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेलमा बाहेक सबै खेलमा यो क्लब विजयी भएको थियो ।

==बर्तमान खेलाडीहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका खेलाडीहरू}}

''अन्तिम समय २ अक्टोबर सम्मको मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दीका खेलाडीहरू''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MMC Finalizes Squad For A Division League; Signs Jersey Sponsor With Signature|url=https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=26 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205719/https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490 |date=26 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[विशाल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[अशोक बराल]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[बिराज महर्जन|विराज महर्जन]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[कमल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[विमल बस्नेत]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[सुरज विश्वकर्मा]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[प्रवेश दनुवार]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=कर्मचेकि गुरूङ}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[मीलन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[राम कृष्ण बस्नेत]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[पुजन उपरकोटी]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[डोना थापा मगर]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[हेमन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[विशाल राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[सुजल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[मोहम्मद आशीफ]]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Manang Marshyangdi Club Signs Muhammed Asif From Calcutta Customs|url=https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=28 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001142638/https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569 |date=1 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[अनन्त तामाङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[विमल राना]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[दिपक राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=अफेज ओलावाले}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=ओलुवाउन्मी सोमीदी}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=ZIM|pos=DF|name=भीक्टर}}

{{Fs end}}

==प्रायोजकहरू==
मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका वर्तमानका प्रायोजकहरू:
*[[लक्ष्मी बैङ्क|लक्ष्मी बैङ्क लिमिटेड]]
==नेपाली राष्ट्रिय लिगमा प्रदर्शनी==

==जितेका उपाधिहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबले जितेका उपाधिहरू}}

*राष्ट्रिय लिग:७
१९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४, २०१८-१९
*बुढासुब्बा गोल्डकप:१
२००४
*खुकुरी गोल्डकप:१
२००३
*इटहरी गोल्डकप:१
२००७
*आहा ! गोल्ड कप:३
२००४, २००५ ,२०१२
*आदर्श कप:१
२०११
*[[झापा गोल्डकप]]:१
[[झापा गोल्डकप २०७३|२०७३]]
*सिमरा गोल्डकप:१
२०१२
*सुदुरपस्चिम खप्तड गोल्डकप;१
*पोखरा कप:१
२०१२&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nepalifootball.com/co{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} mpetitions/domestic-co mpetitions/pokhara-gc/9-unca tegorised/236-safal-pokhara- gold-cup-news.html&lt;/ref&gt;
*किङस् कप(भुटान):

==अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थितिहरू==
*एसियन क्लब च्याम्पियनसिप:१
१९८८:छनोट चरण
*एएफसी प्रेसिडेन्ट कप:२
२००६:समूह चरण
२०१४:अन्तिम चरण

==अवार्डहरू==
*[[एन्फा अवार्ड २०७५]] वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=हरि उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक, लव र अस्मिता रेफ्रीमा |url=https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/52630 |website=हाम्रो खेलकुद |accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६ }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=मनाङलाई ‘क्लब अफ दी इयर’ |url=https://www.khelpati.com/football/8342|website=khelpati.com|accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६}}&lt;/ref&gt;,

==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
*[[मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबको सिजन २०७५]]

==सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}

==बाह्य सुत्रहरू==

{{मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब}}
{{नेपालका फुटबल क्लबहरू}}

[[श्रेणी:नेपालमा फुटबल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली फुटबल क्लब]]
[[श्रेणी:मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14281" sha1="2hbryqlnryjf6tu54nxym14zbgl2wf9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
|  clubname = मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  image    = चित्र:ManangMarshyangdiClub.png
|  fullname = मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  nickname = 'मनाङे'
|  founded  = {{Start date and age|1982}}
|  ground   = [[दशरथ रङ्गशाला]], &lt;br/&gt;[[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]]
|  capacity = २५,००० अन्दाजी
| captain = [[अनिल गुरूङ]]
|  chairman = ज्याम्लिङ घले 
|  coach    = [[राजु काजी शाक्य]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MMC Appoint Experienced Raju Shakya As A Head Coach |url=http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |work=[[GoalNepal.com]] |date=19 January 2015 |accessdate=19 January 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119165645/http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |date=19 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;assistant [[नबिन न्य]]
|  league   = [[२०१५ नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग]]
|  season   = २०७२
|  position = दोस्रो 
| Fan club =MMC
|  pattern_la1=_colorunderwhite|pattern_b1=_arg06h|pattern_ra1=_colorunderwhite
|  leftarm1=75AADB|body1=75AADB|rightarm1=75AADB|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=FFFFFF
|  pattern_la2=_whitesmalllower|pattern_b2=_whitestripes|pattern_ra2=_whitesmalllower
|  leftarm2=008000|body2=008000|rightarm2=008000|shorts2=ffffff|socks2=008000
||pattern_la3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_b3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_ra3 =_liverpool1415h
|pattern_sh3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_so3 = _liverpool1415h
}}

'''मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब''' नेपालको 'क' श्रेणीको फुटबल क्लब हो । यस फुटबल सबैभन्दा धेरै पटक नेपालको राष्ट्रिय लिग जित्ने एकमात्र फुटबल क्लब हो। जसले हालसम्म ७ पटक [[सहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग|शहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग]] जितेको छ । भने अन्तिम पटक २०१४ मा राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको थियो । सन् १९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४ गरी सात पटक सम्म राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको यस क्लबले सन् २०१३ सालमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधिका रूपमा किङस् कप जित्न सफल भएको थियो ।

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब जसलाई नेपाली [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] भनेर समेत चिनिन्छ । भने यस फुटबल क्लबको  राष्ट्रिय लिग तथा अन्य जुनसुकै सानो ठूलो फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा  प्रमुख प्रतिद्वन्दीका रूपमा सुरुमा [[आरसीटि क्लब|रानीपोखरी कर्नर टिम (आरसीटि)]] र [[एनआरटी क्लब|न्युरोड टिम (एन.आर.टि)]]आएको थियो भने पछिलो पटक नेपालकै अर्को उत्कृष्ट क्लब  [[थ्री स्टार क्लब]] र [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]] लिईन्छ। साथै अन्य नेपाली फुटबल टिमहरूलाई पनि यस टिमको प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मानिन्छ ।

==इतिहास==
{{Main|मनाङ-मर्स्याङदी क्लबको इतिहास}}

=== स्थापना नामाकरण ===
{{Main|ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब}}

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब झगडाबाट सुरु भएको एउटा क्लब हो। दशरथ रंगशालामा २०३८ सालमा ‘बी’ डिभिजन लिग खेल चलिरहेको थियो । प्रतिस्पर्धामा उत्रिएका थिए– थ्री स्टार क्लब र ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब। ठमेल ११ र [[थ्री स्टार क्लब|थ्रीस्टार क्लब]] बीचको बि-डिभिजनको खेल हुँदा बिजेता टोली ए-डिभिजनमा उक्लने अवस्था थियो। तर खेल अन्त्य नहुदै खेलाडी बीच विवाद सुरु भयो। विवादित खेलमा थ्री स्टार विजयी भयो। र झगडा गरेको आरोपमा ठमेल ११ लाई प्रतिबन्ध लगाइयो। प्रतिबन्धित ठमेल ११ मा खेलाडी र पदाधिकारीले नंया क्लब स्थापना गरे। [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]]बाट आएका मानिसहरूले यसमा लगानी गरे। सुरुमा यसको नाम मर्स्याङदी- मनाङ क्लब थियो। त्यस थ्री स्टार र मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब स्थापना काल देखि नै प्रतिद्वन्दीको रूपमा उदाएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=लाेथ्याल |first=कृष्णसिंह |date=माघ १०, २०७७ |title=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/49931/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== डी डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन ===
मनाङले त्यो समयमा समूह डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन सम्म पुग्दा सबैमा च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । अझ कुनै पनि खेल हारेको थिएन ।  ०४३ अघि ए-डिभिजनमा बढुवा भएको मनाङले त्यसपछि निरन्तर सफलतामा आफूलाई अब्बल बनायो । ‘ए’ डिभिजन उक्लिएपछि मनाङले पछि फर्कनुपरेको छैन । त्यसपछि मनाङ ०४३ सँगै ०४४ र ०४६ मा पनि च्याम्पियन बन्यो । &lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.nayapatrikadaily.com/2018/09/22/97063/ घरेलु लिग उतारचढावपूर्ण विगत]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===२०६८ सिजन===
===२०६९ सिजन===
===२०७० सिजन===
===२०७१-७२ सिजन===
===२०७५ सिजन===
रेलिगेसन बिनाको लिगमा मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । मछिन्द्र विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेलमा बाहेक सबै खेलमा यो क्लब विजयी भएको थियो ।

==बर्तमान खेलाडीहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका खेलाडीहरू}}

''अन्तिम समय २ अक्टोबर सम्मको मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दीका खेलाडीहरू''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MMC Finalizes Squad For A Division League; Signs Jersey Sponsor With Signature|url=https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=26 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205719/https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490 |date=26 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[विशाल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[अशोक बराल]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[बिराज महर्जन|विराज महर्जन]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[कमल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[विमल बस्नेत]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[सुरज विश्वकर्मा]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[प्रवेश दनुवार]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=कर्मचेकि गुरूङ}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[मीलन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[राम कृष्ण बस्नेत]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[पुजन उपरकोटी]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[डोना थापा मगर]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[हेमन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[विशाल राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[सुजल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[मोहम्मद आशीफ]]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Manang Marshyangdi Club Signs Muhammed Asif From Calcutta Customs|url=https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=28 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001142638/https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569 |date=1 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[अनन्त तामाङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[विमल राना]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[दिपक राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=अफेज ओलावाले}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=ओलुवाउन्मी सोमीदी}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=ZIM|pos=DF|name=भीक्टर}}

{{Fs end}}

==प्रायोजकहरू==
मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका वर्तमानका प्रायोजकहरू:
*[[लक्ष्मी बैङ्क|लक्ष्मी बैङ्क लिमिटेड]]
==नेपाली राष्ट्रिय लिगमा प्रदर्शनी==

==जितेका उपाधिहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबले जितेका उपाधिहरू}}

*राष्ट्रिय लिग:७
१९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४, २०१८-१९
*बुढासुब्बा गोल्डकप:१
२००४
*खुकुरी गोल्डकप:१
२००३
*इटहरी गोल्डकप:१
२००७
*आहा ! गोल्ड कप:३
२००४, २००५ ,२०१२
*आदर्श कप:१
२०११
*[[झापा गोल्डकप]]:१
[[झापा गोल्डकप २०७३|२०७३]]
*सिमरा गोल्डकप:१
२०१२
*सुदुरपस्चिम खप्तड गोल्डकप;१
*पोखरा कप:१
२०१२&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nepalifootball.com/co{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} mpetitions/domestic-co mpetitions/pokhara-gc/9-unca tegorised/236-safal-pokhara- gold-cup-news.html&lt;/ref&gt;
*किङस् कप(भुटान):

==अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थितिहरू==
*एसियन क्लब च्याम्पियनसिप:१
१९८८:छनोट चरण
*एएफसी प्रेसिडेन्ट कप:२
२००६:समूह चरण
२०१४:अन्तिम चरण

==अवार्डहरू==
*[[एन्फा अवार्ड २०७५]] वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=हरि उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक, लव र अस्मिता रेफ्रीमा |url=https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/52630 |website=हाम्रो खेलकुद |accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६ }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=मनाङलाई ‘क्लब अफ दी इयर’ |url=https://www.khelpati.com/football/8342|website=khelpati.com|accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६}}&lt;/ref&gt;,

==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
*[[मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबको सिजन २०७५]]

==सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}

==बाह्य सुत्रहरू==

{{मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब}}
{{नेपालका फुटबल क्लबहरू}}

[[श्रेणी:नेपालमा फुटबल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली फुटबल क्लब]]
[[श्रेणी:मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14542" sha1="7xofa829pohxrfcno352aq875s6pjoa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
|  clubname = मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  image    = चित्र:ManangMarshyangdiClub.png
|  fullname = मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  nickname = 'मनाङे'
|  founded  = {{Start date and age|1982}}
|  ground   = [[दशरथ रङ्गशाला]], &lt;br/&gt;[[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]]
|  capacity = २५,००० अन्दाजी
| captain = [[अनिल गुरूङ]]
|  chairman = ज्याम्लिङ घले 
|  coach    = [[राजु काजी शाक्य]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MMC Appoint Experienced Raju Shakya As A Head Coach |url=http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |work=[[GoalNepal.com]] |date=19 January 2015 |accessdate=19 January 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119165645/http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |date=19 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;assistant [[नबिन न्य]]
|  league   = [[२०१५ नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग]]
|  season   = २०७२
|  position = दोस्रो 
| Fan club =MMC
|  pattern_la1=_colorunderwhite|pattern_b1=_arg06h|pattern_ra1=_colorunderwhite
|  leftarm1=75AADB|body1=75AADB|rightarm1=75AADB|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=FFFFFF
|  pattern_la2=_whitesmalllower|pattern_b2=_whitestripes|pattern_ra2=_whitesmalllower
|  leftarm2=008000|body2=008000|rightarm2=008000|shorts2=ffffff|socks2=008000
||pattern_la3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_b3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_ra3 =_liverpool1415h
|pattern_sh3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_so3 = _liverpool1415h
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'''मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब''' नेपालको 'क' श्रेणीको फुटबल क्लब हो । यस फुटबल सबैभन्दा धेरै पटक नेपालको राष्ट्रिय लिग जित्ने एकमात्र फुटबल क्लब हो। जसले हालसम्म ७ पटक [[सहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग|शहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग]] जितेको छ । भने अन्तिम पटक २०१४ मा राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको थियो। सन् १९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४ गरी सात पटक सम्म राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको यस क्लबले सन् २०१३ सालमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधिका रूपमा किङस् कप जित्न सफल भएको थियो । 

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब जसलाई नेपाली [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] भनेर समेत चिनिन्छ । भने यस फुटबल क्लबको  राष्ट्रिय लिग तथा अन्य जुनसुकै सानो ठूलो फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा  प्रमुख प्रतिद्वन्दीका रूपमा सुरुमा [[आरसीटि क्लब|रानीपोखरी कर्नर टिम (आरसीटि)]] र [[एनआरटी क्लब|न्युरोड टिम (एन.आर.टि)]]आएको थियो भने पछिलो पटक नेपालकै अर्को उत्कृष्ट क्लब  [[थ्री स्टार क्लब]] र [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]] लिईन्छ। साथै अन्य नेपाली फुटबल टिमहरूलाई पनि यस टिमको प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मानिन्छ ।

==इतिहास==
{{Main|मनाङ-मर्स्याङदी क्लबको इतिहास}}

=== स्थापना नामाकरण ===
{{Main|ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब}}

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब झगडाबाट सुरु भएको एउटा क्लब हो। दशरथ रंगशालामा २०३८ सालमा ‘बी’ डिभिजन लिग खेल चलिरहेको थियो । प्रतिस्पर्धामा उत्रिएका थिए– थ्री स्टार क्लब र ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब। ठमेल ११ र [[थ्री स्टार क्लब|थ्रीस्टार क्लब]] बीचको बि-डिभिजनको खेल हुँदा बिजेता टोली ए-डिभिजनमा उक्लने अवस्था थियो। तर खेल अन्त्य नहुदै खेलाडी बीच विवाद सुरु भयो। ठमेलका खेलाडीले रेफ्रीलाई नै पिटे। खेल पूरै बिथोलिएपछि अखिल नेपाल फुटबल संघ (एन्फा) ले ठमेलका चार खेलाडीसहित क्लबलाई नै एक वर्षको प्रतिबन्ध लगाउँदै थ्री स्टारलाई विजेता घोषणा गर्‍यो। प्रतिबन्धित ठमेल ११ मा खेलाडी र पदाधिकारीले नंया क्लब स्थापना गरे। [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]]बाट आएका मानिसहरूले यसमा लगानी गरे। सुरुमा यसको नाम मर्स्याङदी- मनाङ क्लब थियो। त्यस थ्री स्टार र मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब स्थापना काल देखि नै प्रतिद्वन्दीको रूपमा उदाएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=लाेथ्याल |first=कृष्णसिंह |date=माघ १०, २०७७ |title=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/49931/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== डी डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन ===
मनाङले त्यो समयमा समूह डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन सम्म पुग्दा सबैमा च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । अझ कुनै पनि खेल हारेको थिएन ।  ०४३ अघि ए-डिभिजनमा बढुवा भएको मनाङले त्यसपछि निरन्तर सफलतामा आफूलाई अब्बल बनायो । ‘ए’ डिभिजन उक्लिएपछि मनाङले पछि फर्कनुपरेको छैन । त्यसपछि मनाङ ०४३ सँगै ०४४ र ०४६ मा पनि च्याम्पियन बन्यो । &lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.nayapatrikadaily.com/2018/09/22/97063/ घरेलु लिग उतारचढावपूर्ण विगत]{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===२०६८ सिजन===
===२०६९ सिजन===
===२०७० सिजन===
===२०७१-७२ सिजन===
===२०७५ सिजन===
रेलिगेसन बिनाको लिगमा मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । मछिन्द्र विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेलमा बाहेक सबै खेलमा यो क्लब विजयी भएको थियो ।

==बर्तमान खेलाडीहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका खेलाडीहरू}}

''अन्तिम समय २ अक्टोबर सम्मको मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दीका खेलाडीहरू''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MMC Finalizes Squad For A Division League; Signs Jersey Sponsor With Signature|url=https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=26 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205719/https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490 |date=26 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[विशाल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[अशोक बराल]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[बिराज महर्जन|विराज महर्जन]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[कमल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[विमल बस्नेत]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[सुरज विश्वकर्मा]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[प्रवेश दनुवार]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=कर्मचेकि गुरूङ}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[मीलन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[राम कृष्ण बस्नेत]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[पुजन उपरकोटी]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[डोना थापा मगर]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[हेमन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[विशाल राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[सुजल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[मोहम्मद आशीफ]]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Manang Marshyangdi Club Signs Muhammed Asif From Calcutta Customs|url=https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=28 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001142638/https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569 |date=1 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[अनन्त तामाङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[विमल राना]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[दिपक राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=अफेज ओलावाले}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=ओलुवाउन्मी सोमीदी}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=ZIM|pos=DF|name=भीक्टर}}

{{Fs end}}

==प्रायोजकहरू==
मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका वर्तमानका प्रायोजकहरू:
*[[लक्ष्मी बैङ्क|लक्ष्मी बैङ्क लिमिटेड]]
==नेपाली राष्ट्रिय लिगमा प्रदर्शनी==

==जितेका उपाधिहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबले जितेका उपाधिहरू}}

*राष्ट्रिय लिग:७
१९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४, २०१८-१९
*बुढासुब्बा गोल्डकप:१
२००४
*खुकुरी गोल्डकप:१
२००३
*इटहरी गोल्डकप:१
२००७
*आहा ! गोल्ड कप:३
२००४, २००५ ,२०१२
*आदर्श कप:१
२०११
*[[झापा गोल्डकप]]:१
[[झापा गोल्डकप २०७३|२०७३]]
*सिमरा गोल्डकप:१
२०१२
*सुदुरपस्चिम खप्तड गोल्डकप;१
*पोखरा कप:१
२०१२&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nepalifootball.com/co{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} mpetitions/domestic-co mpetitions/pokhara-gc/9-unca tegorised/236-safal-pokhara- gold-cup-news.html&lt;/ref&gt;
*किङस् कप(भुटान):

==अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थितिहरू==
*एसियन क्लब च्याम्पियनसिप:१
१९८८:छनोट चरण
*एएफसी प्रेसिडेन्ट कप:२
२००६:समूह चरण
२०१४:अन्तिम चरण

==अवार्डहरू==
*[[एन्फा अवार्ड २०७५]] वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=हरि उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक, लव र अस्मिता रेफ्रीमा |url=https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/52630 |website=हाम्रो खेलकुद |accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६ }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=मनाङलाई ‘क्लब अफ दी इयर’ |url=https://www.khelpati.com/football/8342|website=khelpati.com|accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६}}&lt;/ref&gt;,

==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
*[[मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबको सिजन २०७५]]

==सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}

==बाह्य सुत्रहरू==

{{मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब}}
{{नेपालका फुटबल क्लबहरू}}

[[श्रेणी:नेपालमा फुटबल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली फुटबल क्लब]]
[[श्रेणी:मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब]]</text>
      <sha1>7xofa829pohxrfcno352aq875s6pjoa</sha1>
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    <revision>
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        <id>28807</id>
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      <comment>/* डी डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन */</comment>
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      <text bytes="14635" sha1="me5ddr7kbb0jq2da1ufi1klhzltulej" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football club
|  clubname = मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  image    = चित्र:ManangMarshyangdiClub.png
|  fullname = मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब
|  nickname = 'मनाङे'
|  founded  = {{Start date and age|1982}}
|  ground   = [[दशरथ रङ्गशाला]], &lt;br/&gt;[[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]]
|  capacity = २५,००० अन्दाजी
| captain = [[अनिल गुरूङ]]
|  chairman = ज्याम्लिङ घले 
|  coach    = [[राजु काजी शाक्य]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=MMC Appoint Experienced Raju Shakya As A Head Coach |url=http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |work=[[GoalNepal.com]] |date=19 January 2015 |accessdate=19 January 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119165645/http://www.goalnepal.com/news.php?id=23061 |date=19 January 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;br&gt;assistant [[नबिन न्य]]
|  league   = [[२०१५ नेपाल राष्ट्रिय लिग]]
|  season   = २०७२
|  position = दोस्रो 
| Fan club =MMC
|  pattern_la1=_colorunderwhite|pattern_b1=_arg06h|pattern_ra1=_colorunderwhite
|  leftarm1=75AADB|body1=75AADB|rightarm1=75AADB|shorts1=FFFFFF|socks1=FFFFFF
|  pattern_la2=_whitesmalllower|pattern_b2=_whitestripes|pattern_ra2=_whitesmalllower
|  leftarm2=008000|body2=008000|rightarm2=008000|shorts2=ffffff|socks2=008000
||pattern_la3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_b3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_ra3 =_liverpool1415h
|pattern_sh3 = _liverpool1415h
|pattern_so3 = _liverpool1415h
}}

'''मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब''' नेपालको 'क' श्रेणीको फुटबल क्लब हो । यस फुटबल सबैभन्दा धेरै पटक नेपालको राष्ट्रिय लिग जित्ने एकमात्र फुटबल क्लब हो। जसले हालसम्म ७ पटक [[सहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग|शहिद स्मारक ए-डिभिजन लिग]] जितेको छ । भने अन्तिम पटक २०१४ मा राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको थियो। सन् १९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४ गरी सात पटक सम्म राष्ट्रिय लिग जितेको यस क्लबले सन् २०१३ सालमा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपाधिका रूपमा किङस् कप जित्न सफल भएको थियो । 

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब जसलाई नेपाली [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] भनेर समेत चिनिन्छ । भने यस फुटबल क्लबको  राष्ट्रिय लिग तथा अन्य जुनसुकै सानो ठूलो फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा  प्रमुख प्रतिद्वन्दीका रूपमा सुरुमा [[आरसीटि क्लब|रानीपोखरी कर्नर टिम (आरसीटि)]] र [[एनआरटी क्लब|न्युरोड टिम (एन.आर.टि)]]आएको थियो भने पछिलो पटक नेपालकै अर्को उत्कृष्ट क्लब  [[थ्री स्टार क्लब]] र [[नेपाल पुलिस फुटबल क्लब|नेपाल पुलिस क्लब]] लिईन्छ। साथै अन्य नेपाली फुटबल टिमहरूलाई पनि यस टिमको प्रतिद्वन्द्वी मानिन्छ ।

==इतिहास==
{{Main|मनाङ-मर्स्याङदी क्लबको इतिहास}}

=== स्थापना नामाकरण ===
{{Main|ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब}}

मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब झगडाबाट सुरु भएको एउटा क्लब हो। दशरथ रंगशालामा २०३८ सालमा ‘बी’ डिभिजन लिग खेल चलिरहेको थियो । प्रतिस्पर्धामा उत्रिएका थिए– थ्री स्टार क्लब र ठमेल ११ देउराली क्लब। ठमेल ११ र [[थ्री स्टार क्लब|थ्रीस्टार क्लब]] बीचको बि-डिभिजनको खेल हुँदा बिजेता टोली ए-डिभिजनमा उक्लने अवस्था थियो। तर खेल अन्त्य नहुदै खेलाडी बीच विवाद सुरु भयो। ठमेलका खेलाडीले रेफ्रीलाई नै पिटे। खेल पूरै बिथोलिएपछि अखिल नेपाल फुटबल संघ (एन्फा) ले ठमेलका चार खेलाडीसहित क्लबलाई नै एक वर्षको प्रतिबन्ध लगाउँदै थ्री स्टारलाई विजेता घोषणा गर्‍यो। प्रतिबन्धित ठमेल ११ मा खेलाडी र पदाधिकारीले नंया क्लब स्थापना गरे। [[मनाङ जिल्ला|मनाङ]]बाट आएका मानिसहरूले यसमा लगानी गरे। सुरुमा यसको नाम मर्स्याङदी- मनाङ क्लब थियो। त्यस थ्री स्टार र मनाङ मर्स्याङदी क्लब स्थापना काल देखि नै प्रतिद्वन्दीको रूपमा उदाएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=लाेथ्याल |first=कृष्णसिंह |date=माघ १०, २०७७ |title=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |url=https://shilapatra.com/detail/49931/ |access-date=2026-06-24 |website=थ्री स्टारसँगकाे झगडाले जन्मिएकाे मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== डी डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन ===
मनाङले त्यो समयमा समूह डिभिजनबाट ए डिभिजन सम्म पुग्दा सबैमा च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । अझ कुनै पनि खेल हारेको थिएन ।  ०४३ अघि ए-डिभिजनमा बढुवा भएको मनाङले त्यसपछि निरन्तर सफलतामा आफूलाई अब्बल बनायो । ‘ए’ डिभिजन उक्लिएपछि मनाङले पछि फर्कनुपरेको छैन । त्यसपछि मनाङ ०४३ सँगै ०४४ र ०४६ मा पनि च्याम्पियन बन्यो ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=कँडेल |first=प्रकाश |date=2018-09-22,असोज ०६, २०७५ |title=घरेलु लिग उतारचढावपूर्ण विगत |url=http://archive.nayapatrikadaily.com/2018/09/22/97063/ |access-date= |website=Naya Patrika |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===२०६८ सिजन===
===२०६९ सिजन===
===२०७० सिजन===
===२०७१-७२ सिजन===
===२०७५ सिजन===
रेलिगेसन बिनाको लिगमा मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी च्याम्पियन भएको थियो । मछिन्द्र विरुद्धको अन्तिम खेलमा बाहेक सबै खेलमा यो क्लब विजयी भएको थियो ।

==बर्तमान खेलाडीहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका खेलाडीहरू}}

''अन्तिम समय २ अक्टोबर सम्मको मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दीका खेलाडीहरू''.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=MMC Finalizes Squad For A Division League; Signs Jersey Sponsor With Signature|url=https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=26 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180926205719/https://www.goalnepal.com/news/detail/3490 |date=26 September 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Fs start}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[विशाल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=GK|name=[[अशोक बराल]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[बिराज महर्जन|विराज महर्जन]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[कमल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[विमल बस्नेत]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[सुरज विश्वकर्मा]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[प्रवेश दनुवार]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=कर्मचेकि गुरूङ}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=DF|name=[[मीलन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[राम कृष्ण बस्नेत]]}}
{{fs mid}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[पुजन उपरकोटी]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[डोना थापा मगर]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[हेमन गुरूङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[विशाल राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=MF|name=[[सुजल श्रेष्ठ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=IND|pos=DF|name=[[मोहम्मद आशीफ]]}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Manang Marshyangdi Club Signs Muhammed Asif From Calcutta Customs|url=https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569|work=goalnepal.com|accessdate=28 September 2018}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001142638/https://goalnepal.com/news/detail/3569 |date=1 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[अनन्त तामाङ]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[विमल राना]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=Nepal|pos=FW|name=[[दिपक राई]]}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=अफेज ओलावाले}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=NGR|pos=FW|name=ओलुवाउन्मी सोमीदी}}
{{Fs player|no=–|nat=ZIM|pos=DF|name=भीक्टर}}

{{Fs end}}

==प्रायोजकहरू==
मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबका वर्तमानका प्रायोजकहरू:
*[[लक्ष्मी बैङ्क|लक्ष्मी बैङ्क लिमिटेड]]
==नेपाली राष्ट्रिय लिगमा प्रदर्शनी==

==जितेका उपाधिहरू==
{{Main|मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबले जितेका उपाधिहरू}}

*राष्ट्रिय लिग:७
१९८६ १९८७, १९८९ २०००, २००३, २००६, २०१४, २०१८-१९
*बुढासुब्बा गोल्डकप:१
२००४
*खुकुरी गोल्डकप:१
२००३
*इटहरी गोल्डकप:१
२००७
*आहा ! गोल्ड कप:३
२००४, २००५ ,२०१२
*आदर्श कप:१
२०११
*[[झापा गोल्डकप]]:१
[[झापा गोल्डकप २०७३|२०७३]]
*सिमरा गोल्डकप:१
२०१२
*सुदुरपस्चिम खप्तड गोल्डकप;१
*पोखरा कप:१
२०१२&lt;ref&gt;http://www.nepalifootball.com/co{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} mpetitions/domestic-co mpetitions/pokhara-gc/9-unca tegorised/236-safal-pokhara- gold-cup-news.html&lt;/ref&gt;
*किङस् कप(भुटान):

==अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय उपस्थितिहरू==
*एसियन क्लब च्याम्पियनसिप:१
१९८८:छनोट चरण
*एएफसी प्रेसिडेन्ट कप:२
२००६:समूह चरण
२०१४:अन्तिम चरण

==अवार्डहरू==
*[[एन्फा अवार्ड २०७५]] वर्षको उत्कृष्ट क्लब &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=हरि उत्कृष्ट प्रशिक्षक, लव र अस्मिता रेफ्रीमा |url=https://www.hamrokhelkud.com/football/52630 |website=हाम्रो खेलकुद |accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६ }}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=मनाङलाई ‘क्लब अफ दी इयर’ |url=https://www.khelpati.com/football/8342|website=khelpati.com|accessdate=आइतवार, वैशाख २२, २०७६}}&lt;/ref&gt;,

==यो पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
*[[मनाङ मर्स्याङ्दी क्लबको सिजन २०७५]]

==सन्दर्भ सामाग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}

==बाह्य सुत्रहरू==

{{मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब}}
{{नेपालका फुटबल क्लबहरू}}

[[श्रेणी:नेपालमा फुटबल]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपाली फुटबल क्लब]]
[[श्रेणी:मनाङ- मर्स्याङ्दी क्लब]]</text>
      <sha1>me5ddr7kbb0jq2da1ufi1klhzltulej</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>माइकल ज्याक्सन</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>25466</id>
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      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="10733" sha1="ia2qqvenmuyfmryl8hlf36p2hy2hdjd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = माइकल ज्याक्सन
| image              = Michael Jackson 1983 (3x4 cropped) (contrast).jpg
| alt                = माइकल ज्याक्सनको श्वेत-श्याम तस्बिर, जसमा उनी पोज दिइरहेका छन्। उनले सेतो शर्ट, ज्याकेट, पञ्जा र जिन्स लगाएका छन्, जसमा गिटार आकारको बेल्ट बकल छ।
| caption            = ज्याक्सन सन् १९८३ मा
| birth_name         = माइकल जोसेफ ज्याक्सन
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1958|8|29}}
| birth_place        = ग्यारी, इन्डियाना, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2009|6|25|1958|8|29}}
| death_place        = लस एन्जलस, क्यालिफोर्निया, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
| death_cause        = तीव्र प्रोपोफोल विषाक्तताका कारण भएको हृदयाघात
| burial_place       = फरेस्ट लन मेमोरियल पार्क, ग्लेन्डेल, क्यालिफोर्निया, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
| alias              = माइकल जो ज्याक्सन
| occupation         = {{hlist|गायक|गीतकार|नर्तक|परोपकारी}}
| spouse             = {{ubl|{{marriage|लिसा मेरी प्रेस्ली|1994|1996|end=सम्बन्ध विच्छेद}}|{{marriage|डेबी रोवे|1996|2000|end=सम्बन्ध विच्छेद}}}}
| children           = ३, जसमा पेरिस पनि समावेश
| parents            = {{ubl|जो ज्याक्सन|क्याथरिन ज्याक्सन}}
| family             = ज्याक्सन परिवार
| awards             = पूर्ण सूची
| website            = {{URL|michaeljackson.com}}
| signature          = Michael Jackson signature.svg
| signature_size     = 100px
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
 | instrument      = गायन
 | genre           = {{hlist|पप|आर एण्ड बी|सोल|डिस्को}}
 | works           = {{hlist|एल्बमहरू|सिंगलहरू|गीतहरू (अप्रकाशित सहित)|भिडियोग्राफी|संगीत कार्यक्रमहरू}}
 | years_active    = १९६४–२००९
 | label           = {{hlist|स्टीलटाउन|मोटाउन|एपिक|सोनी}}
 | publishers      = सोनी म्युजिक पब्लिसिङ
 | past_member_of  = द ज्याक्सन ५
}}
}}
उनी अङ्गेजी पप गीत तथा संगित का महान ब्यक्तित्व हुन्। उन्लाई पप जगत् का संम्राट मानिन्छ। सन १९५८ अगस्ट २९मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]को [[इन्डियाना]]मा ज्याक्सन परिवारको सातौ सन्तानका रूपमा जन्मेका ज्याक्सनको पुरा नाम “माईकल जोसेफ ज्याक्शन” हो। उनकरो ५१ वर्षका उमेरमा रहस्यमय ढङ्गले मृत्यु भएको थियो। ११ वर्षकै उमेरबाट सङ्गीत क्षेत्रमा लागेका ज्याक्सनले १३ वर्षको उमेरमा पहिलो पटक आफ्नो सोलो एल्बम निकालेर `किङ अफ पप`को उपाधी समेत प्राप्त गरेका थिए।
[[Image:Michael Jackson 1984.jpg|thumb|220px|माइकल ज्याक्सन]]
उनको पाँच ओटा एल्बम सबैभन्दा बढी बिक्री हुने एल्बमको रूपमा रहेको छ। १९७९को “अफ द वाल”,१९८२को “थ्रिलर”,१९८७को “ब्याड “,१९९१को “डेन्जरस ” र १९९५को “हिस्ट्री ” उनको सबै भन्दा बढी चर्चित एल्बमहरू हुन, जुन अहिले सम्मकै सबैभन्दा बढी बिक्री भएका एल्बमहरू मध्य पर्दछन।

उनको रोबोर्ट डान्स र मूनवाक डान्स हेर्न लाएक हुन्थ्यो। १३ [[ग्रामी अवार्ड]] समेत जितिसकेका ज्याक्शनको एल्बम हालसम्म ७५० मिलिएन भन्दा बढी बिक्री भइसकेको छ ,जुन अहिले सम्मकै सर्बाधिक बिक्रीको रेकर्ड हो, जुन [[गिनिज बुक]] अफ वर्ल्ड रेकर्डमै सुचिक्रित छ। उनी मृत्यु पछि पनि धन कमाउने ब्यक्तिमा दोर्स्रो क्ष्रणिमा पर्छन्। उनी डान्सर र गायक दुबै क्षेत्रमा सफल मानिन्छन्।

== बाल्यकाल ==
माइकल जोसेफ ज्याक्सन अगस्त 29, 1958 मा जन्म भएको थियो। सिडनी। उनी एक श्रमजीवी वर्गका अफ्रिकी-अमेरिकी परिवारका १० भाइबहिनीमध्ये आठौं थिए जो ग्यारी, इण्डियानाको औद्योगिक शहरी र शिकागो क्षेत्रको केही भागमा दुई शयनकक्षमा बस्ने एउटा परिवार थियो। ज्याक्सनका तीन बहिनीहरू छन्: रेप्पी, लाटोया र जेनेट, र पाँच भाइहरू: ज्याकी, टिटो, जर्मेन, मार्लन र र्यान्डी। छैटौं भाई, ब्रान्डन, जो दाइ मार्लनको जुम्ल्याहा थिए, जन्मको केही समय पछि मरे। 

==चलचित्र शुरुवात==
== अभिनेताको रूपमा ==
==निर्माताको रूपमा==
==पप गायकको रूपमा==
== व्यक्तिगत जीवन ==
=== विवहा

== प्रसिद्धि ==

=== सन्दर्भ सामाग्रिहरू ===
{{reflist}}

==बाहिरी कडीहरू==
{{Sister project links|n=Category:Michael Jackson|commons=Category:Michael Jackson|wikt=no|v=no|b=no|s=no|voy=no}}
* {{Official website|http://www.michaeljackson.com}}
* {{IMDb name|0001391}}
* [http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/jackson_michael/artist.jhtml Michael Jackson] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120617070900/http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/jackson_michael/artist.jhtml |date=2012-06-17 }} at MTV
* [http://vault.fbi.gov/Michael%20Jackson FBI file on Michael Jackson ]

==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dineen|first=Catherine|title=Michael Jackson: In His Own Words|publisher=[[Omnibus Press]]|year=1993|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=DEspWj_IN_UC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Michael%20Jackson%3A%20In%20His%20Own%20Words&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true|isbn=0-7119-3216-6}}
* {{Cite book|last=Grant |first=Adrian |title=Michael Jackson: The Visual Documentary |year=1994, 1997, 2002 and 2005 |publisher=Omnibus Press |isbn=1-84449-432-2}}
*{{Cite news|title=Michael Jackson memorabilia owner recalls turbulent past with musical family| date= June 25, 2009|author= Giambusso, David|location=New Jersey|journal=The Star-Ledger|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/06/michael_jacksons_death.html }}
* {{Cite book|last=Jackson |first=Michael |title=My World, The Official Photobook, Vol. 1 |year=2006 |publisher=Triumph International |isbn=0-9768891-1-0}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Bob|title=Michael Jackson: The Man Behind the Mask|publisher=Select Books Inc|year=2005|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=8j4ILUllObsC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Michael%20Jackson%3A%20The%20Man%20Behind%20the%20Mask&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true|isbn=1-59079-072-3}}
* {{cite book|first= Margo |last=Jefferson|title=On Michael Jackson|publisher=Vintage Books|year=2007|isbn=978-0-307-27765-7|url=http://books.google.com/?id=WJiPk-3oPGkC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Michael%20Jackson&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |last2=Brown}}
* {{Cite book|last=Noonan |first=Damien |title=Michael Jackson |type=Audio book |year= 1994|publisher=Carlton Books |isbn=1-85797-587-1}}
{{Refend}}

{{Commonscat|Michael Jackson}}

{{Persondata
| NAME              =Jackson, Michael Joseph
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =Jackson, Michael Joe; Jackson, Michael J.
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Singer
| DATE OF BIRTH     = August 29, 1958
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = [[Gary, Indiana|Gary]], Indiana, United States
| DATE OF DEATH     = June 25, 2009
| PLACE OF DEATH    = Los Angeles, California, United States
}}
[[श्रेणी:सङ्गीतकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी पप गायकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अफ्रिकी-अमेरिकी व्यापारीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:ग्रामी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९५८ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी बाल गायकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:ब्रिट पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>एभ्रिल लाभिन</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="13278" sha1="7uz4pjiui4lbdaf7tvll7lqnqoky2va" xml:space="preserve">{{संक्षिप्त विवरण|क्यानडेली गायिका तथा गीतकार}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = एभ्रिल लाभिन 
| image              = Avril Lavigne @ Grammy Museum 09 05 2019 (49311430057).jpg
| caption            = सन् २०१९ मा लाभिन
| birth_name         = एभ्रिल रामोना लाभिन
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1984|9|27}}
| birth_place        = [[बेलेभिल, ओन्टारियो]], क्यानडा
| citizenship        = {{flatlist|
* क्यानडा
* फ्रान्स&lt;ref name=&quot;Lavigne&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Lavigne |first=Avril |title=Interview on NRJ Radio |url=http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/eQil1_A8eYU?start=47&amp;autoplay=1 |date=February 9, 2011 |quote=I love France, in fact my father was born here, so I have applied for my French passport. I love this country so much that I am getting a French passport. |access-date=November 15, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905192626/https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/eQil1_A8eYU?start=47&amp;autoplay=1 |archive-date=September 5, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905192626/https://youtube.googleapis.com/v/eQil1_A8eYU?start=47&amp;autoplay=1 |date=September 5, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;French Citizen&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/201110/22/01-4459859-avril-lavigne-francophone-dans-lame.php |title=Avril Lavigne: francophone dans l'âme |work=La Presse  |first=Stéphanie |last=Vallet |date=October 22, 2011 |access-date=June 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131001021919/http://www.lapresse.ca/arts/musique/201110/22/01-4459859-avril-lavigne-francophone-dans-lame.php |archive-date=October 1, 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| occupation         = {{flatlist|
* गायिका
* गीतकार
}}
| years_active       = सन् १९९९–हाल
| works              = {{hlist|[[एभ्रिल लाभिन डिस्कोग्राफी|डिस्कोग्राफि]]|[[एभ्रिल लाभिनद्वारा प्रस्तुत गरिएका गीतहरूको सूची|गीतहरू]]|[[एभ्रिल लाभिनका साङ्गीतिक भ्रमणहरूको सूची|साङ्गीतिक भ्रमणहरू]]|[[एभ्रिल लाभिनका प्रवर्द्धनात्मक भ्रमणहरूको सूची|प्रवर्द्धनात्मक भ्रमणहरू]]}}
| net_worth          = &lt;!-- Do NOT change to Celebrity Net Worth, which is not a reliable source. --&gt;
| spouse             = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[डेरेक ह्विम्ब्ली]]|2006|2010|end=div}}
* {{marriage|[[चाड क्रुगर]]|2013|2015|end=div}}
}}
| partner            = &lt;!-- for longterm unmarried life partners not dating or fiancés--&gt;
| relatives          = 
| signature          = Avril Lavigne's signature.svg
| awards             = [[एभ्रिल लाभिनले प्राप्त गरेका पुरस्कार तथा मनोनयनहरूको सूची|पूर्ण सूची]]
| website            = {{URL|avrillavigne.com}}
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed           = yes
| genre           = {{flatlist|
* [[पप-पङ्क]]
* [[वैकल्पिक रक]]
* [[पप रक]]
* [[पोस्ट-ग्रन्ज]]
}} &lt;!-- All of these genres are sourced in the artistry section. Do not change without a source! Do not remove or add genres without sources!--&gt;
| instrument      = {{flatlist|
* स्जर
* गितार
* पियानो
* ड्रम
}}
| label           = {{flatlist|
* [[एरिस्टा रेकर्ड्स|एरिस्टा]]
* [[आरसिए रेकर्ड्स|आरसिए]]
* [[एपिक रेकर्ड्स|एपिक]]
* [[बिएमजी राइट्स म्यानेजमेन्ट|बिएमजी]]
* एभ्रिल लाभिन म्युजिक
* [[ट्राभसस बार्कर|डिटिए]]
* [[एलेक्ट्रा रेकर्ड्स|एलेक्ट्रा]]
}}
| associated_acts = 
}}
}}

''' एभ्रिल लाभिन''' (जन्म: २७ सेप्टेम्बर १९८४) एक [[क्यानडा|क्यानडेली]] गायिका तथा गीतकार हुन्। १६ वर्षको उमेरमा, उनले एरिस्टा रेकर्ड्ससँग दुई-एल्बम रेकर्डिङ सम्झौतामा हस्ताक्षर गरेकी थिइन्। उनको पहिलो स्टुडियो एल्बम, लेट गो (सन् २००२) हो जुन क्यानडेली कलाकारद्वारा २१औँ शताब्दीको सबैभन्दा बढी बिक्री भएको एल्बम हो। उक्त एल्बममा समावेश गीत &quot;कम्म्लिकेटेड&quot; र &quot;स्टेटर बोई&quot; सर्वाधिक सफल बन्न पुगेको थियो। जसले स्केट पङ्क व्यक्तित्वमा जोड दियो र उनलाई सङ्गीत प्रकाशनहरूबाट पप-पङ्कको क्षेत्रमा रानीको उपाधि प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.bustle.com/articles/176350-11-times-kelly-osbournes-early-2000-outfits-were-our-pop-punk-inspiration-photos |title=11 Times Kelly Osbourne's Early 2000 Outfits Were Our Pop Punk Inspiration – PHOTOS |last=Gamble |first=Ione |access-date=April 15, 2017 |quote=Whether owning the red carpet with then-bestie and reigning queen of pop-punk Avril Lavigne. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813143357/https://www.bustle.com/articles/176350-11-times-kelly-osbournes-early-2000-outfits-were-our-pop-punk-inspiration-photos |archive-date=August 13, 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=http://www.mtv.com/news/2268603/pop-punk-princess-2004/ |title=Which 2004 Pop Punk Princess Are You? |last=Lindner |first=Emily |access-date=May 15, 2017 |quote=Where have all the pop punk girls gone? Sure, Avril Lavigne still reigns as queen, but when it comes to the kind of angsty, badass ladies who gave us an outlet in the early aughts, we're running short these days. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152812/http://www.mtv.com/news/2268603/pop-punk-princess-2004/ |archive-date=May 22, 2017 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170522152812/http://www.mtv.com/news/2268603/pop-punk-princess-2004/ |date=May 22, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; उनलाई पप-पङ्क सङ्गीतको विकासमा एक प्रमुख सङ्गीतकार मानिन्छ। उनले २०२० को दशकको सुरुमा महिला नेतृत्वमा, पङ्क-प्रभावित पप सङ्गीतको लागि मार्ग प्रशस्त गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Cipolla |first1=Miranda |title=12 Things The World Wouldn't Have Without Canadian Music |url=https://www.narcity.com/ca/thanks-canada-with-spotify/12-things-the-world-wouldnt-have-without-canadian-music |website=Narcity |access-date=June 18, 2017 |quote=10. And the global pop-punk scene wouldn't have ever even existed without Avril Lavigne. &quot;Complicated&quot; was the pop-punk ballad heard around the world, and the video is responsible for the suspenders and t-shirt trend that basically defined the early 2000s. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813105520/https://www.narcity.com/ca/thanks-canada-with-spotify/12-things-the-world-wouldnt-have-without-canadian-music |archive-date=August 13, 2017 |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170813105520/https://www.narcity.com/ca/thanks-canada-with-spotify/12-things-the-world-wouldnt-have-without-canadian-music |date=August 13, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Quarter Rock Press&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rosales |first1=Armando |title=Avril Lavigne, the greatest exponent of pop punk |url=http://quarterrockpress.com/index.php/qrp-files/item/7551-avril-lavigne-la-mayor-exponente-del-pop-punk |website=QuarterRockPress.com |access-date=March 31, 2017 |language=es |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170331211049/http://quarterrockpress.com/index.php/qrp-files/item/7551-avril-lavigne-la-mayor-exponente-del-pop-punk |archive-date=March 31, 2017 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  उनको दोस्रो स्टुडियो एल्बम, अन्डर माई स्किन (सन् २००४), [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]को [[बिलबोर्ड २००]] तालिकाको शीर्षमा पुग्ने उनको पहिलो एल्बम बनेको थियो, जसले विश्वव्यापी रूपमा १ करोड प्रतिहरू बिक्री गरेको थियो।

लाभिनको तेस्रो स्टुडियो एल्बम, द बेस्ट ड्याम थिङ (सन् २००७), विश्वका सात देशहरूमा शीर्ष स्थानमा पुग्न सफल भएको थियो र यसको प्रमुख गीत &quot;गर्लफ्रेन्ड&quot;ले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सफलता प्राप्त गरेको थियो जुन संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकामा [[बिलबोर्ड हट १००]] को शीर्षमा पुग्ने उनको पहिलो गीत बनेको थियो। उनको अर्को दुई स्टुडियो एल्बमहरू, गुडबाई लुलाबाई (सन् २०११) र एभ्रिल लाभिन (सन् २०१३) ले निरन्तर व्यावसायिक सफलता हासिल गरेको थियो। [[क्यानडा]], [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] र अन्य क्षेत्रहरूमा उक्त एल्बम स्वर्ण प्रमाणित भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.walmart.com/ip/27159054 |title=Rock N' Roll (Walmart Exclusive), Avril Lavigne: Pop |publisher=Walmart.com |date=August 27, 2013 |access-date=November 4, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103194739/http://www.walmart.com/ip/27159054 |archive-date=November 3, 2013 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; आफ्नो छैटौँ स्टुडियो एल्बम, हेड अबोभ वाटर (सन् २०१९) जारी गरेपछि, उनी आफ्नो सातौँ स्टुडियो एल्बम, लभ सक्स (सन् २०२२) को साथ आफ्नो साङ्गीतिक यात्रामा पुनः फर्किएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Spanos |first=Brittany |date=2022-02-25 |title=Avril Lavigne Gets Back to Her Aughts Emo Bubble-Punk Roots on the Absolutely Killer 'Love Sux' |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-album-reviews/avril-lavigne-love-sux-1311145/ |access-date=2022-04-30 |magazine=Rolling Stone }}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको प्रशंसामा आठ ग्रामी पुरस्कार नामाङ्कनहरू समावेश छन्।

== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

== बाह्य कडीहरू ==

{{sisterlinks|d=Q30449|n=no|b=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|s=no|wikt=no|v=no|species=no}}
{{Spoken Wikipedia|Avril Lavigne Wikipedia Article Read By Jules Ismail.ogg|date=May 16, 2010}}
*{{Official website}}
*{{Official website|theavrillavignefoundation.org|एभ्रिल लाभिन फाउन्डेसन}}
* {{Discogs artist|Avril Lavigne|एभ्रिल लाभिन}}
* {{MusicBrainz artist}}
*{{IMDb name|1245099|एभ्रिल लाभिन}}

[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:क्यानडेली चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९८४ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:क्यानडेली गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:क्यानडेली पप गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>7uz4pjiui4lbdaf7tvll7lqnqoky2va</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>विश्वकर्मा</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T06:59:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bishaldev100</username>
        <id>28807</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* वैदिक साहित्य र किम्बदन्ती */</comment>
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      <text bytes="22880" sha1="rtx3rgwoukv5sruio8uix8vwrxhn9gd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox deity&lt;!--Wikipedia:WikiProject Hindu mythology--&gt;
| type = हिन्दु
| image = vishwakarmaji.png
| name = विश्वकर्मा 
| affiliation = [[देवता|देव]]
| deity_of = साधन, औजार, युक्ति र सृष्टि 
 निर्माणका देवता
| abode = विश्वकर्मा लोक
| mantra = ॐ नमो विश्वकर्मणे 
| weapon = [[अथर्व वेद]]
| consort = विरोचन
| mount = [[राजहंस]] &lt;br&gt; [[हात्ती]] 
| children = [[मनु, मय, त्वष्ट,शिल्पी,दैवज्ञ]]her daughter[[संध्या]]  shadow [[छाया]],
}}
'''विश्वकर्मा''' वा '''विश्वकर्मन्''' (संस्कृत: विश्वकर्मा, शाब्दिक अर्थ: ‘सबै बनाउने’)हिन्दू धर्ममा देवताहरूका दिव्य शिल्पी तथा वास्तुकार देवता हुन्। प्रारम्भिक ग्रन्थहरूमा शिल्पी देवता त्वष्टा नामले परिचित थिए, र “विश्वकर्मा” शब्दलाई कुनै शक्तिशाली देवताको विशेषणका रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्थ्यो। तर, पछिल्ला धेरै परम्पराहरूमा, विश्वकर्मा नै शिल्पी देवताको नाम बनेका छन्।

== वैदिक साहित्य र किम्बदन्ती ==
[[चित्र:Bishowkarma_Statue.jpg|alt=विश्वकर्मा जयन्ति|thumb|विश्वकर्मा ]]

[[श्रीमद्भागवत् पुराण|श्रीमद्भागवत]] महापुराणमा विश्वकर्मा र उनको सम्बन्धित वंशावली, देवता–असुर संघर्ष र उनका योगदानबारे महत्त्वपूर्ण विवरण पाइन्छ। स्कन्ध ६ मा वर्णन भए अनुसार, त्वष्टाकी पत्नीबाट विश्वरूप जन्मे, जो दैत्यहरूको दौहित्र भए पनि इन्द्रद्वारा अपमानित वृहस्पतिले देवगुरु पद त्यागेपछि देवताहरूका पुरोहित बने। त्यसपछि अग्निबाट स्कन्द (कार्तिकेय) उत्पन्न भए, जसका पुत्र विशाख आदि भए। वसुकी पत्नी आङ्गिरसीबाट विश्वकर्माको जन्म भयो, जसलाई शिल्पीहरूको प्रधान मानिन्छ, र उनीबाट चाक्षुष मनु, विश्वेदेव र साध्यगण उत्पन्न भए। त्रिभुवनमा ऐश्वर्यमदले इन्द्रले वृहस्पतिको अपमान गरेपछि गुरु क्रोधित भएर अदृश्य भए। गुरुबिना असुरहरूले शुक्राचार्यको नेतृत्वमा देवतामाथि आक्रमण गरे, जसका कारण इन्द्रसहित सबै देवता पराजित भई हजारौं वर्षसम्म भूमिगत आश्रयमा बस्न बाध्य भए। अन्ततः देवताहरू ब्रह्माजीको शरणमा पुगे। यसरी ग्रन्थमा विश्वकर्मालाई देवशिल्पी, त्रिभुवन निर्माणका प्रमुख योगदानकर्ता तथा देवता–दैत्य द्वन्द्वको महत्वपूर्ण पात्रका रूपमा प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ। 

श्रीमद्भागवत महापुराणमा वर्णन भएअनुसार, इन्द्रले ऐश्वर्यमदले गुरू वृहस्पतिको अपमान गरेपछि देवताहरू बलहीन भई असुरहरूसँग पराजित भए। यसै अवस्थामा देवताहरू ब्रह्माजीको शरणमा गए, जहाँ ब्रह्माजीले उनीहरूलाई सम्झाउँदै भने– गुरूको अपमानको फलस्वरूप तिमीहरू शत्रुमुखी भयौ, जबकि असुरहरू आफ्ना गुरू शुक्राचार्यको भक्तिभावले शक्तिशाली बनेका छन्। ब्रह्माजीले देवताहरूलाई त्वष्टाका पुत्र, तपस्वी र आत्मज्ञानी विश्वरूपकहाँ पुगेर पौरोहित्य स्वीकार गर्न सल्लाह दिए। 

देवताहरू विश्वरूपकहाँ गएर उनलाई आचार्यका रूपमा स्वीकार गर्न प्रार्थना गरे। विश्वरूपले प्रारम्भमा पौरोहित्य कर्मले ब्रह्मतेज क्षीण गर्ने बताए पनि अन्ततः देवताहरूको आग्रह स्वीकार गरेर उनीहरूको पुरोहित भए। आफ्नो वैष्णवी विद्याको प्रभावले उनले देवगणलाई असुरहरूमाथि विजय दिलाए र इन्द्रलाई स्वर्ग राज्य पुनः दिलाए। विश्वरूपले इन्द्रलाई नारायण कवचको उपदेश दिए, जसको प्रभावले इन्द्र दैत्यमाथि सुरक्षित र विजयी भए। यो कवच धारण गर्नेले कुनै पनि भय वा संकटबाट मुक्त हुने विश्वास गरिन्छ।

तर, विश्वरूपका तीन मस्तक थिए– एकले देवताहरूलाई यज्ञभाग दिन्थे भने अर्काले दैत्यहरूप्रति मातृस्नेहवश गुप्तरूपमा हविर्भाग दिन्थे। देवगणले यसलाई विश्वासघात ठानी, इन्द्रले क्रोधवश विश्वरूपका तीनै मस्तक काटी हत्या गरे। यस कार्यले इन्द्र र देवगण ब्रह्महत्याजस्तो महापापमा फसे र स्वर्गको ऐश्वर्य पतन भयो पुत्र वधको पीडामा त्वष्टाले यज्ञमार्फत इन्द्रशत्रु उत्पन्न गर्ने मन्त्र उच्चारण गरी अग्निमा आहुति दिए, जसबाट इन्द्रवधका निम्ति दानवरूपी बलशाली शत्रु उत्पन्न भए। यसरी, गुरूप्रति अपमान, ईर्ष्या र सत्ता–मोहले देवता स्वयं पतनको कारण बने भने विश्वरूप जस्ता ब्रह्मज्ञानी पुरोहितलाई छलकपटपूर्वक वध गर्नु देव–दैत्य संघर्षमा निर्णायक मोड बन्न पुग्यो।

विश्वकर्माको पुत्र विश्वरूपको वधपछि त्वष्टाले इन्द्रविरुद्ध प्रतिशोधस्वरूप यज्ञमार्फत अन्वाहार्यपचन अग्निबाट एक भीषण दैत्य उत्पन्न गरे, जसलाई ''वृत्रासुर'' भनियो। यो दैत्य प्रलयकालीन कालजस्तै संहारक, विशालकाय, अति उग्र, त्रिशूल धारी, पृथ्वी–आकाश हल्लाउने र सम्पूर्ण लोकलाई त्रसित पार्ने स्वरूपमा प्रकट भयो। उसका अग्निजस्ता आँखा, ताम्रदाह्री, विकराल मुख र भयानक गर्जनले सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि आतंकित भई दश दिशातिर भाग्यो। देवताहरूले दिव्य अस्त्र–शस्त्र प्रयोग गरे तर वृत्रासुरले ती सबै शस्त्रलाई सहजै निलिदियो। असहाय बनेका देवता अन्ततः परमात्मा भगवान् नारायणको आराधनामा लीन भए र उनलाई मात्र यस विपत्तिबाट मुक्तिदाता माने। वृत्रासुरको उदयसँगै देवता ब्रह्महत्या पापमा जकडिएर स्वर्ग राज्य फेरि पतन भयो र हजारौँ वर्षसम्म असुर गुरु शुक्राचार्यको पक्ष्यमा शासन चल्यो।

यस परिस्थितिमा ब्रह्माजीले इन्द्रलाई चेतावनी दिँदै भने– मूर्ख मानिसले विषय–भोगलाई मात्र जीवन ठान्छ तर वास्तविक कल्याण बुझ्दैन। अब तिमी दधीचि ऋषिकहाँ जाऊ, जसको तपस्या र ज्ञानले अति दृढ शरीर बनेको छ। उनको अस्थिदानबाट तिमीलाई विजयका लागि अस्त्र प्राप्त हुनेछ। दधीचिले अश्विनीकुमारलाई ब्रह्मज्ञान दिएर अमरत्व दिलाएजस्तै, तिनकै माध्यमबाट तिमीलाई पनि नारायण कवच र दिव्य शक्ति प्राप्त हुनेछ। यस प्रसङ्गमा महर्षि दधीचि ऋषिको त्याग र अस्थिदान वर्णन गरिएको छ। देवताहरू वृत्रासुरविरुद्ध विजय पाउन दधीचिसित हाड माग्न पुगे। पहिलोमा दधीचिले शरीर त्याग्न गाह्रो हुने कुरा गरे तर धर्म र परोपकारका लागि जीवन अर्पण गर्नु नै उच्चतम कर्तव्य हो भन्दै सहर्ष प्राण त्याग गरे। उनका हाडबाट भगवान् विश्वकर्माले वज्रास्त्र निर्माण गरे, जसलाई प्रयोग गरी इन्द्रले वृत्रासुरको वध गरे। यसरी देवताहरू दिग्विजयी भए। वृत्रासुरले इन्द्रलाई ‘गुरूद्रोही र भ्रातृहन्ता’ भन्दै धिक्कार गरेको भए पनि वज्रास्त्रको प्रभावले अन्ततः उसको अन्त भयो।

यस कथा मार्फत गहिरो सन्देश दिइएको छ—धर्म, त्याग र परोपकार नै वास्तविक बल हुन्; काल (समय) नै अन्ततः जय–पराजयको निर्णायक कारण हो। प्राचीन ग्रन्थहरूले समेत देखाउँछन् कि कुनै जात, वर्ण वा असमानताले होइन, मानवीय गुण र आचरणले समाज टिक्छ। चार वेद, उपनिषद र पुराणका सन्देशले सबै मानव समान भएको कुरा स्पष्ट गर्छन्। तर इतिहासमा जातीय विभेद, वर्णाश्रम र छुवाछूतको अभ्यास समाजलाई कमजोर पार्ने प्रवृत्ति रह्यो।

भगवान् विश्वकर्मा शिल्प, औजार, युक्ति र निर्माणका देवता हुन्। प्राचीन ग्रन्थ र वेदहरूमा विश्वकर्मालाई कहिले उपाधि (विशेषण)का रूपमा, कहिले प्रजापति र सृष्टिकर्ता देवताका रूपमा उल्लेख गरिएको पाइन्छ। ऋग्वेदमा “विश्वकर्मा सूक्त” भेटिन्छ, जसमा उहाँलाई सर्वव्यापक, सर्वज्ञ र शक्ति सम्पन्न सृष्टिकर्ता भनिएको छ। पुराणहरूमा विश्वकर्मालाई महर्षि अङ्गिराको वंशका प्रभास ऋषि र भुवनाको पुत्र मानिन्छ, जसलाई सम्पूर्ण शिल्पविद्याको आचार्य भनिन्छ। भारतमा कारीगर र अभियन्ताहरूले उहाँलाई आफ्नो देवता मानी पूजा गर्छन्, जस्तै चीनमा लु पानलाई कारीगरहरूको देवता मानिन्छ। 

== पूजा र पर्वहरू: ==
विश्वकर्मा भन्नाले जसको सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि र कर्म सृजनात्मक छ, उनलाई जनाइन्छ। उनको पूजाले व्यक्तिलाई प्राकृतिक ऊर्जा मिल्ने र काममा आउने सबै बाधा तथा अड्चनहरू हटाउने विश्वास रहेको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=विश्वकर्मा पूजा किन मनाइन्छ ? यस्तो छ अर्थ |url=https://www.onlinekhabar.com/2018/09/707037/%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%82%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%87 |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[विश्वकर्मा पूजा]] विभिन्न अवसरमा हुन्छन्:

* भाद्रपद शुक्ल प्रतिपदा (कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति, करिब १७ सेप्टेम्बर) → सबैभन्दा प्रसिद्ध विश्वकर्मा पूजा (औजार पूजा)
* गोवर्धन पूजा (गोरुतिहार)
* अङ्गिरा जयन्ति (भाद्रपद पञ्चमी)
* मई दिवस (श्रम दिवस) संग पनि सम्बन्धित

यस दिन विशेषगरी उद्योग, कारखाना, प्राविधिक संस्था, सरकारी तथा गैरसरकारी निकायमा औजार, मेसिन र उपकरणहरूको पूजा गरेर उत्पादन वृद्धि र समृद्धिको संकल्प गरिन्छ।

== वास्तुकला कार्य ==
द्वापर युगमा भगवान् कृष्णमाथि राक्षसको आक्रमण भएपछि विश्वकर्माले समुद्रको बीचमा ‘भेद द्वारका’ निर्माण गरेर सुरक्षित गरेको धार्मिक विश्वास छ। एकै रातमा यस द्वारको निर्माण गरेकाले उनलाई सफल वास्तुविद्का रूपमा मानिन्छ र त्यसयता उनको पूजा गर्ने परम्परा बसिरहेको छ। प्राचीन भारतमा चार दिशाका रक्षक देवतामध्ये द्वारकालाई पश्चिम दिशाको रक्षक मानिन्छ र विश्वकर्माले निर्माण गरेको ‘भेद द्वार’ आज पनि गुजरातको समुद्रमा रहेको विश्वास गरिन्छ। विश्वकर्मालाई वास्तुशास्त्रका विशिष्ट ज्ञाता मानिन्छ र ‘विश्वकर्मा प्रकाश’ नामक ग्रन्थ उनले नै रचना गरेको विश्वास छ। नेपालमा पनि आज कालीगढहरूले विश्वकर्मा बाबाको पूजा गरी उनको विद्वताको सम्मान गर्छन् र यसरी आफूमा उनका गुण प्राप्त हुने विश्वास राखिन्छ। आधुनिक यन्त्र, सवारीसाधन र इञ्जिन जडान भएका उपकरणमा समेत पूजा आराधना गरिन्छ। वास्तु शास्त्रका लेखक र अध्येताहरूले आजको दिनलाई वास्तु दिवसका रूपमा मनाउने गर्छन्। पछिल्ला वर्षमा नेपालमा वास्तु विद्याको पुनर्जागरण सुरु भएको छ र चार उपवेदमध्ये स्थापत्यवेदमा उल्लेखित वास्तु शास्त्रअनुसार सहर तथा आवास निर्माण गर्नेहरूको संख्या बढ्दै गएको छ, जसले वास्तु विद्याको महत्व बढाएको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=आज वास्तु दिवस एवं विश्वकर्मा पूजा गरिँदै |url=https://ekantipur.com/news/2025/09/17/vastu-day-and-vishwakarma-puja-are-being-performed-today-25-11.html |access-date=2025-09-17 |website=ekantipur.com |language=ne}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== जगन्नाथपुरी मन्दिर ===

=== द्वारका ===
[[चित्र:Dwarka.jpg|alt=|thumb|विश्वकर्माले निर्माण गरेको  [[कृष्ण]]को सुवर्ण शहर [[द्वारका]]]]
विश्वकर्माले एकै रातमा [[द्वारका]] नगर बताएको बताइन्छ ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=The Loves of Krishna in Indian Painting and poetry|first=W. G.|last=Archer|publisher=Echo Library|year=2007|isbn=9781406825404|page=44}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== पुष्पक विमान ===
विश्वकर्माले सुर्यको धुलोबाट पुष्पक विमान बनाएको बताइन्छ। सुर्यलाई उनको ज्वाइ मानिन्छ । यो विमान [[ब्रह्मा]]लाई दिए। ब्रह्माले यो विमान [[कुबेर]]लाई दिए । कुबेरका भाइ [[रावण]] ले यो विमान कुबेरबाट खोसे ।

=== त्रिशुल ===
सुर्यको धुलोबाट [[त्रिशूल|त्रिशुल]] बनाइयो, र यो चक्र [[शिव|भगवान शिव]] लाई दिइयो।

=== सुदर्शन चक्र ===
सुर्यको धुलोबाट [[सुदर्शन चक्र]] बनाइयो, र यो चक्र [[विष्णु|भगवान विष्णु]]लाई दिइयो।

=== वज्र आयुधाम ===
==सन्दर्भ सामग्री==
&lt;references/&gt;
{{Commonscat|Vishvakarman}}

[[श्रेणी:हिन्दु देवताहरू]]</text>
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      <comment>पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[ट्विटर]] पृष्ठलाई [[एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)]]मा सारियो: नाम परिवर्तन भइ एक्स बनेको</comment>
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{{बारेमा|समाजिक सञ्जाल सेवा|पूर्व कम्पनी|ट्विटर, निगम}}
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| logo = X logo 2023.svg
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| logo_caption = जुलाई २०२३ देखि प्रयोगमा रहेको लोगो 
| screenshot = Screen of X (Twitter).png
| caption = ट्विटर डटकमको स्क्रिनसट (एक्स डटकमबाट अनुप्रेसित), निर्गमनको बेलामा देखिएको, {{as of|अक्टोबर २०२३|post=|lc=y}} &lt;!-- x.com redirects to twitter.com --&gt;
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| chairman = [[एलन मस्क]]
| owner = {{Unbulleted list|[[ओडेओ]] (सन् २००६)|[[ओभियस निगम]] (सन् २००६–२००७)|[[ट्विटर, निगम]] (सन् २००७–२०२३)|[[एक्स निगम]] (सन् २०२३–हाल)}}
| CEO = [[लिन्डा यासारिनो]]
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| {{URL|x.com}} (ट्विटर डटकममा अनुप्रेसित)
}}
| registration = आवश्यक{{efn|प्रत्यक्ष लिङ्कमार्फत पहुँच गरिएको व्यक्तिगत सार्वजनिक गरिएका सामग्रीहरू हेर्न (प्रकाशित सामग्रीहरूमा कुनै पनि जवाफ वा जवाफमा मूल पोष्टहरू समावेश नगरी) वा केही खाताहरूको शीर्ष टिप्पणीहरू हेर्न दर्ता आवश्यक छैन।}}
| num_users = {{increase}} ५५&amp;nbsp;करोड [[सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ताहरू|मासिक सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता]] (सेप्टेम्बर २०२३)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kolodny |first=Lora |date=September 18, 2023 |title=Elon Musk says Twitter, now X, is moving to monthly subscription fees and has 550 million users |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/18/musk-says-twitter-now-x-is-moving-to-monthly-subscriptions.html |access-date=September 19, 2023 |website=CNBC |language=en |archive-date=September 18, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230918225046/https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/18/musk-says-twitter-now-x-is-moving-to-monthly-subscriptions.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2006|07|15}}
| current_status = चालू
| programming_language = {{hlist|[[जाभा (प्रोगामिङ भाषा)|जाभा]]|[[रूबी (प्रोगामिङ भाषा)|रूबी]]|[[स्काला (प्रोगामिङ भाषा)|स्काला]]|[[जाभास्क्रिप्ट]]|[[पाइथन (प्रोगामिङ भाषा)|पाइथन]]}}
| footnotes = &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Main |first=Nikki |title=Elon's Ego Can Rest Easy Knowing He Now Has the Most Followers on Twitter |url=https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-twitter-guinness-book-of-world-records-1850282449 |website=Gizmodo |date=March 30, 2023 |language=en |access-date=March 31, 2023 |archive-date=May 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230528203014/https://gizmodo.com/elon-musk-twitter-guinness-book-of-world-records-1850282449 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=Dorsey2006/&gt;&lt;ref name=10K&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000141809122000029/twtr-20211231.htm|title=US SEC: FY2021 Form 10-K Twitter, Inc.|publisher=U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission|access-date=March 27, 2022|archive-date=March 28, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328084331/https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/1418091/000141809122000029/twtr-20211231.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://about.twitter.com/en_us/company.html|title=Twitter – Company|website=about.twitter.com|access-date=July 30, 2019|archive-date=November 4, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104185131/https://about.twitter.com/en_us/company.html|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104185131/https://about.twitter.com/en_us/company.html |date=November 4, 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter coding&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;infoq-jvm&quot;&gt;{{cite web|first=Charles|last=Humble|title=Twitter Shifting More Code to JVM, Citing Performance and Encapsulation As Primary Drivers|date=July 4, 2011|work=InfoQ|access-date=January 15, 2013|url=http://www.infoq.com/articles/twitter-java-use|archive-date=January 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112101506/https://www.infoq.com/articles/twitter-java-use/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=launch/&gt;&lt;ref name=mDAU&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-where-did-tweeters-go-twitter-is-losing-its-most-active-users-internal-2022-10-25/ |title=Exclusive: Twitter is losing its most active users, internal documents show |date=October 26, 2022 |last=Dang |first=Sheila |work=Reuters |access-date=November 1, 2022 |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016020133/https://www.reuters.com/technology/exclusive-where-did-tweeters-go-twitter-is-losing-its-most-active-users-internal-2022-10-25/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=yaccarino-ceo&gt;{{cite news |last=Frier |first=Sarah |date=June 5, 2023 |title=Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role?srnd=premium-europe |publisher=Bloomberg News |access-date=June 6, 2023 |archive-date=November 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108063005/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role?srnd=premium-europe |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''एक्स'''{{efn|गणितीय सङ्केतको रूपमा शैलीकृत गरिएको {{unichar|1D54F|Mathematical Double-Struck Capital X|nlink=wikt:𝕏}}.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Twitter's new 'X' logo looks suspiciously like a Unicode character - Business Insider|website=Business Insider|url=https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-x-logo-unicode-math-textbooks-2023-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} , पहिले '''ट्विटर'''{{Efn|पुन:ब्रान्ड पछि पनि यसलाई सामान्यतया &quot;ट्विटर&quot; नै भनिन्छ।&lt;ref name=&quot;Nudd 2023 w646&quot;/&gt;}}को रूपमा परिचित एक अनलाइन [[सामाजिक सञ्जाल]] तथा सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवा हो जुन अमेरिकी कम्पनी [[एक्स निगम]]द्वारा सञ्चालित छ, जुन ट्विटर, निगमको उत्तराधिकारी हो। एक्समा, दर्ता गरिएका प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले पाठ, तस्वीर र भिडियोहरू सार्वजनिक गर्न सक्दछन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Conger |first=Kate |date=August 3, 2023 |title=So What Do We Call Twitter Now Anyway? |language=en |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/technology/twitter-x-tweets-elon-musk.html |access-date=August 29, 2023 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=October 12, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012220459/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/03/technology/twitter-x-tweets-elon-musk.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले &quot;मनपराउन&quot;, पुन:प्रकाशन गर्न, उद्धरण पुन:प्रकाशन गर्न, सार्वजनिक सामग्रीहरूमा टिप्पणी गर्न, प्रत्यक्ष सन्देश गर्न, भिडियो र अडियो कल गर्न, बुकमार्क, सूची र समुदायहरूमा सामेल हुन र अन्य दर्ता गरिएका प्रयोगकर्ताहरूसँग सार्वजनिक स्थानहरूमा सामेल हुन पनि सक्दछन्। अनुमोदित योगदानकर्ताहरूले अन्य दर्ता भएका प्रयोगकर्ताहरू द्वारा प्रकाशित सामग्रीहरूमा सन्दर्भ थप्न सामुदायिक टिप्पणीहरू पनि छोड्न सक्दछन्। यस वेबसाइटमा जानकारी सार्वजनिक गर्दा प्राय: ट्विटिङ, रिट्विट र उद्धरण ट्विटिङको रूपमा उल्लेख गरिएको छ। यद्यपि सेवाको नाम &quot;एक्स&quot; मा परिवर्तन गरिएको थियो, यसको प्राथमिक वेबसाइट ठेगाना नोभेम्बर २०२३ सम्म ट्विटर डटकम रहेको छ र एक्स डटकम डोमेन नाम त्यस ठेगानामा पुनर्निर्देशित गरिएको छ।

ट्विटरको स्थापना मार्च २००६ मा ज्याक डोर्सी, नोआ ग्लास, बिज स्टोन र इभान विलियम्सले गरेका थिए। यसलाई सोही वर्षको जुलाईमा सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो। यसको मूल कम्पनी, ट्विटर, निगम, [[क्यालिफोर्निया]]को [[सान फ्रान्सिस्को]]मा आधारित थियो र विश्वभर २५ भन्दा बढी कार्यालयहरू थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://about.twitter.com/|title=Company: &quot;About Twitter&quot;|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160403002854/https://about.twitter.com/company|archive-date=April 3, 2016|access-date=April 24, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१२ सम्ममा, १० करोड भन्दा बढी प्रयोगकर्ताहरूले एक दिनमा ३४ करोड ट्वीटहरू उत्पादन गरेका थिए&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter-2012&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://blog.twitter.com/2012/twitter-turns-six |title=Twitter turns six |date=March 21, 2012 |publisher=Twitter |access-date=August 29, 2014 |archive-date=February 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206120727/https://blog.twitter.com/2012/twitter-turns-six |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;, र सेवाले प्रति दिन औसत १.६ अर्ब खोजीहरूलाई सम्हालेको थियो। सन् २०१३ मा, यो विश्वको सबैभन्दा [[सर्वाधिक लोकप्रिय वेबसाइटहरूको सूची|धेरै हेरिने १० वेबसाइट]]हरू मध्ये एक थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter_500&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://blog.twitter.com/2011/engineering-behind-twitter%E2%80%99s-new-search-experience |title=The Engineering Behind Twitter's New Search Experience |date=May 31, 2011 |access-date=June 7, 2014 |work=Twitter Engineering Blog |publisher=Twitter |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325080255/https://blog.twitter.com/2011/engineering-behind-twitter%E2%80%99s-new-search-experience |archive-date=March 25, 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325080255/https://blog.twitter.com/2011/engineering-behind-twitter%E2%80%99s-new-search-experience |date=March 25, 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter-2012&quot; /&gt;  सन् २०१९ को सुरुवात सम्ममा ट्विटरका ३३ करोड भन्दा बढी [[सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ताहरू|मासिक सक्रिय प्रयोगकर्ता]] थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Twitter&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Molina |first=Brett |date=October 26, 2017 |title=Twitter overcounted active users since 2014, shares surge on profit hopes |newspaper=USA Today |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/10/26/twitter-overcounted-active-users-since-2014-shares-surge/801968001/ |access-date=December 2, 2017 |archive-date=January 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200101193653/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/news/2017/10/26/twitter-overcounted-active-users-since-2014-shares-surge/801968001/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; व्यवहारमा, अधिकांश ट्विटहरू अल्पसङ्ख्यक प्रयोगकर्ताहरूद्वारा उत्पादन गरिन्छ। सन् २०२० मा, लगभग ४.८ करोड खाताहरू (सबै खाताहरूको १५%) वास्तविक व्यक्तिहरूको खाता नभएको अनुमान गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref name=Rodriguez/&gt;
अक्टोबर २०२३ सम्ममा, ट्विटर विश्वको पाँचौँ सबैभन्दा बढी हेरिएको वेबसाइट हो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Carlson|first=Nicholas|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stunning-new-numbers-on-who-uses-twitter/|title=Stunning New Numbers on Who Uses Twitter|work=Business Insider|date=June 2, 2009|access-date=January 9, 2021|archive-date=February 5, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205143012/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/stunning-new-numbers-on-who-uses-twitter/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last1=Wojcik|first1=Stefan|last2=Hughes|first2=Adam|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/04/24/sizing-up-twitter-users/|title=Sizing Up Twitter Users|work=Pew Research Center|date=April 24, 2019|access-date=April 25, 2019|archive-date=October 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191029223842/https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2019/04/24/sizing-up-twitter-users/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[सिमिलर वेब]]द्वारा प्रदान गरिएको तथ्याङ्क अनुसार
यसको ट्राफिकको २३.६% [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]बाट आउँदछ, त्यसपछि [[जापान]]बाट १५.९४% र [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य]]बाट ५.५७% प्राप्त हुन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top Websites Ranking |url=https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220210041116/https://www.similarweb.com/top-websites/ |archive-date=2022-02-10 |access-date=2021-12-01 |website=Similarweb}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=twitter.com |url=https://www.similarweb.com/website/twitter.com/#geography |website=Similarweb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

अक्टोबर २०२२ मा, अर्बपति [[एलन मस्क]]ले ४४ अर्ब [[अमेरिकी डलर]]मा ट्विटरलाई प्राप्त गरेका थिए र उनी कम्पनीको [[प्रमुख कार्यकारी अधिकृत|कार्यकारी अधिकृत]] बनेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Isaac |first1=Mike |last2=Hirsch |first2=Lauren |date=April 25, 2022 |title=Musk's deal for Twitter is worth about $44 billion. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/25/business/elon-musk-twitter/musks-deal-for-twitter-is-worth-about-44-billion?smid=url-copy |access-date=April 26, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426011055/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/25/business/elon-musk-twitter/musks-deal-for-twitter-is-worth-about-44-billion?smid=url-copy |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Feiner |first=Lauren |date=April 25, 2022 |title=Twitter accepts Elon Musk's buyout deal |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/25/twitter-accepts-elon-musks-buyout-deal.html |access-date=April 25, 2022 |website=CNBC |archive-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426185639/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/25/twitter-accepts-elon-musks-buyout-deal.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Kay |first1=Grace |last2=Hays |first2=Kali |title=Elon Musk is officially Twitter's new owner, and he's firing executives already |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-reach-agreement-to-close-acquisition-deal-2022-10 |access-date=October 28, 2022 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=October 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028003243/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-reach-agreement-to-close-acquisition-deal-2022-10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Twitter Purchased by Elon Musk: A Timeline of How It Happened |url=https://www.wsj.com/story/twitter-purchased-by-elon-musk-how-it-went-down-72a07de3 |access-date=November 7, 2022 |website=WSJ |first=Todd |last=Olmstead |date=October 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603203055/https://www.wsj.com/story/twitter-purchased-by-elon-musk-how-it-went-down-72a07de3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; अधिग्रहण पछि, यसलाई गलत तथा मिथ्यासूचना सूचनाको प्रसारको लागि आलोचना गरिएको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Isaac |first1=Mike |last2=Hirsch |first2=Lauren |date=April 25, 2022 |title=Musk's deal for Twitter is worth about $44 billion. |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/25/business/elon-musk-twitter/musks-deal-for-twitter-is-worth-about-44-billion?smid=url-copy |access-date=April 26, 2022 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426011055/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2022/04/25/business/elon-musk-twitter/musks-deal-for-twitter-is-worth-about-44-billion?smid=url-copy |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Feiner |first=Lauren |date=April 25, 2022 |title=Twitter accepts Elon Musk's buyout deal |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/25/twitter-accepts-elon-musks-buyout-deal.html |access-date=April 25, 2022 |website=CNBC |archive-date=April 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220426185639/https://www.cnbc.com/2022/04/25/twitter-accepts-elon-musks-buyout-deal.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Kay |first1=Grace |last2=Hays |first2=Kali |title=Elon Musk is officially Twitter's new owner, and he's firing executives already |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-reach-agreement-to-close-acquisition-deal-2022-10 |access-date=October 28, 2022 |website=Business Insider |archive-date=October 28, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028003243/https://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-twitter-reach-agreement-to-close-acquisition-deal-2022-10 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Twitter Purchased by Elon Musk: A Timeline of How It Happened |url=https://www.wsj.com/story/twitter-purchased-by-elon-musk-how-it-went-down-72a07de3 |access-date=November 7, 2022 |website=WSJ |first=Todd |last=Olmstead |date=October 28, 2022 |archive-date=June 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603203055/https://www.wsj.com/story/twitter-purchased-by-elon-musk-how-it-went-down-72a07de3 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; घृणास्पद भाषणको वृद्धिलाई सुविधाजनक बनाएको,&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Milmo |first=Dan |date=October 9, 2023 |title=X criticised for enabling spread of Israel-Hamas disinformation |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2023/oct/09/x-twitter-elon-musk-disinformation-israel-hamas |access-date=October 10, 2023 |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Goswami |first=Rohan |date=October 9, 2023 |title=X, formerly Twitter, amplifies disinformation amid the Israel-Hamas conflict |url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/10/09/x-formerly-twitter-amplifies-disinformation-amid-the-israel-hamas-conflict.html |access-date=October 10, 2023 |website=CNBC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lyngaas |first=Sean |last2=O'Sullivan |first2=Donie |last3=Duffy |first3=Clare |date=October 9, 2023 |title=Elon Musk's X adds to fog of war at outset of Israel-Hamas conflict |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/10/09/tech/musk-x-misinformation-israel-hamas-conflict/index.html |access-date=October 10, 2023 |website=CNN |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; विरोधी षडयन्त्र सिद्धान्त&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sato |first=Mia |date=December 2, 2022 |title=Hate speech is soaring on Twitter under Elon Musk, report finds |url=https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/2/23489808/elon-musk-twitter-hate-speech-increase-content-moderation |access-date=April 13, 2023 |website=The Verge |language=en |archive-date=March 19, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319055014/https://www.theverge.com/2022/12/2/23489808/elon-musk-twitter-hate-speech-increase-content-moderation |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New Data Suggests that Hate Speech is on the Rise on Twitter 2.0 |url=https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/New-Report-Suggests-Hate-Speech-Rising-on-Twitter/645482/ |access-date=April 13, 2023 |website=Social Media Today |language=en |archive-date=September 25, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925174125/https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/New-Report-Suggests-Hate-Speech-Rising-on-Twitter/645482/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Frenkel |first1=Sheera |last2=Conger |first2=Kate |title=Hate Speech's Rise on Twitter Is Unprecedented, Researchers Find |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/technology/twitter-hate-speech.html |work=The New York Times |access-date=September 9, 2023 |date=December 2, 2022 |archive-date=October 16, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016020133/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/02/technology/twitter-hate-speech.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; र [[पारद्वेषिता]]लाई बढावा दिएको भनेर आलोचना गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/16/elon-musk-calls-antisemitic-tweet-the-actual-truth.html|title=Elon Musk boosts antisemitic tweet, claims ADL and other groups push ‘anti-white’ messaging|first=Lora|last=Kolodny|date=November 16, 2023|website=CNBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/4314987-white-house-blasts-musk-unacceptable-antisemitic-tweet/|title=White House blasts Elon Musk’s ‘unacceptable’ antisemitic tweet|first=Alex|last=Gangitano|date=November 17, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/elon-musk-twitter-transgender-hate-speech-b2351923.html|title=Elon Musk promotes anti-trans content as hate speech surges on his far-right platform|date=June 5, 2023|website=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yang |first=Angela |date=2023-04-18 |title=Twitter quietly changes its hateful conduct policy to remove standing protections for its transgender users |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/twitter-changes-hateful-conduct-policy-rcna80338 |access-date=2023-11-17 |website=NBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

[[लिन्डा याकारिनो]]ले ५ जुन २०२३ मा मस्कको उत्तराधिकारी बन्दै कार्यकारीको रूपमा काम गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;yaccarino-ceo&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller-2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Miller |first=Monica |date=December 21, 2022 |title=Elon Musk to quit as Twitter CEO when replacement found |language=en |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64037261 |access-date=December 21, 2022 |archive-date=March 17, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317191421/https://www.bbc.com/news/business-64037261 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=June 6, 2023 |title=Twitter's New CEO Linda Yaccarino Has First Day in the Role |language=en |work=Bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role |access-date=September 9, 2023 |archive-date=June 26, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230626134649/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-06-06/twitter-s-new-ceo-yaccarino-has-first-day-in-the-role |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; जुलाई २०२३ मा, मस्कले ट्विटरलाई एक्समा पुन: ब्रान्डिङ गरिने र चराको लोगोलाई सेवानिवृत्त गरिने घोषणा गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Valinsky |first=Jordan |date=July 24, 2023 |title=Twitter X logo: Elon Musk rebrands social media platform |url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/24/tech/twitter-rebrands-x-elon-musk-hnk-intl/index.html |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=CNN Business |language=en |archive-date=October 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003061153/https://www.cnn.com/2023/07/24/tech/twitter-rebrands-x-elon-musk-hnk-intl/index.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Elon Musk reveals rebranding of Twitter as X - and what he wants us to now call a tweet |url=https://news.sky.com/story/elon-musk-reveals-rebranding-of-twitter-as-x-and-what-he-wants-us-to-now-call-a-tweet-12926425 |access-date=July 25, 2023 |website=Sky News |language=en |archive-date=August 1, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801200052/https://news.sky.com/story/elon-musk-reveals-rebranding-of-twitter-as-x-and-what-he-wants-us-to-now-call-a-tweet-12926425 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; अक्टोबर २०२३ मा, कम्पनीले यसको मूल्य लगभग १९ अर्ब अमेरिकी डलर रहेको अनुमान गरेको थियो, जुन एक वर्ष पहिलेको खरीद मूल्यको तुलनामा लगभग ५५% कम हो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Kylie|last=Robison|url=https://fortune.com/2023/10/30/x-formerly-twitter-valued-19-billion-employee-stock-plan/|title=X, formerly Twitter, valued at $19 billion in new employee stock plan|date=October 30, 2023|website=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=October 30, 2023|archive-date=October 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231030204557/https://fortune.com/2023/10/30/x-formerly-twitter-valued-19-billion-employee-stock-plan/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;  फिडेलिटी नामक कम्पनीले लगभग एकै समयमा यसको मूल्य यसको खरीद मूल्यबाट ६५% कम हुने अनुमान गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/twitter-valuation-slips-to-19-billion-less-than-half-of-what-musk-paid/ar-AA1jaDrZ |title=Twitter valuation slips to $19 billion, less than half of what Musk paid |first=Rebecca |last=Mezistrano |work=[[TheStreet]] |date=October 31, 2023 |quote=Fidelity, which contributed $300 million to Musk's purchase, says it thinks the company is worth 65 percent less than what it was sold for. |access-date=November 7, 2023 |archive-date=November 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108063005/https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/twitter-valuation-slips-to-19-billion-less-than-half-of-what-musk-paid/ar-AA1jaDrZ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== टिप्पणी ==
{{टिप्पणीसूची}}
== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

== बाह्य कडीहरू ==

{{Sister project links|auto=1|wikt=Twitter|d=y|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|f=no}}
{{Scholia|topic}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{Onion URL|twitter3e4tixl4xyajtrzo62zg5vztmjuricljdp2c5kshju4avyoid}}
*{{Curlie|Computers/Internet/On_the_Web/Online_Communities/Social_Networking/Twitter/}}

[[श्रेणी:ट्विटर|ट्विटर]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एन्ड्रोइड (सञ्चालन प्रणाली) सफ्टवेयर]]
[[श्रेणी:आइओएस सफ्टवेयर]]
[[श्रेणी:बहुभाषिक वेबसाइटहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एलन मस्क]]</text>
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    <title>जेनिफर लोपेज</title>
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      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="6803" sha1="m9gg5kxjd54saugwolvxfhcsrjxqvw5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name               = जेनिफर लोपेज
| image              = Jennifer Lopez at GLAAD Media Awards (cropped).jpg
&lt;!-- NOTE: Do not replace Jennifer Lopez at GLAAD Media Awards.jpg unless it is with a photo under a public domain or free license (meaning NOT fair use). Any fair use photos (i.e. 'promotional photos') violate the Fair Use Policy and will be deleted. See [[Wikipedia:Fair]] use criteria --&gt;| alt                = 
| caption            = २०१४ मा जेनिफर लोपेज
| birth_name         = जेनिफर लेन लोपेज
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1969|7|24}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209202541/http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html|archivedate=February 9, 2008|title=Duty Captain's Report|accessdate=October 29, 2006|publisher=Court TV|date=January 17, 2001}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209202541/http://www.courttv.com/trials/puffy/docs/duty-caps_3.html |date=February 9, 2008 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_place        = [[न्युयोर्क सहर]], न्युयोर्क, संराअ&lt;!-- The format is City, State, Country, excluding boroughs or neighborhoods. --&gt;
| residence          = [[न्युयोर्क सहर]], न्युयोर्क, संराअ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= http://www.idesignarch.com/jennifer-lopezs-madison-square-park-manhattan-penthouse-duplex |title= Jennifer Lopez's Madison Square Park Manhattan Penthouse Duplex |work= iDesignArch |accessdate= September 2, 2017 }}{{Dead link|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation         = {{hlist|गायिका|गितकार|अभिनेत्री|नर्तकी|निर्माता}}&lt;!--Please do not add to this list without first discussing your proposal on the talk page. --&gt;
| years_active       = १९८६–अहिलेसम्म 
| spouse             = {{Plainlist|
*{{marriage|ओजानी नोआ&lt;br&gt;|1997|1998|end=div}}
*{{marriage|[[कृष जुड]]&lt;br&gt;|2001|2003|end=div}}
*{{marriage|[[मार्क एन्थोनि]]&lt;br&gt;|2004|2014|end=div}}
}}
| children           = २
| relatives          = [[लिन्डा लोपेज]] (बहिनी)
| website            = {{URL|jenniferlopez.com}}
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background          = solo_singer
| genre               = {{hlist|[[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]|[[पप सङ्गीत|पप]]|[[Latin music (genre)|Latin]]|[[हिप हप संगीत|हिप हप]]|[[नृत्य संगीत|नृत्य]]}}
| label = {{hlist|[[Work Group|Work]]|[[Epic Records|Epic]]|[[Island Records|Island]]|[[Capitol Records|Capitol]]}}&lt;!--Listed in chronological order!--&gt;
| associated_acts     = {{hlist|[[फ्याट जो]]|[[मार्क एन्थोनी]]|[[जा रुल]]|[[एलएल कुल जे]]|[[पिट्बुल (र्यापर)|पिट्बुल]]}}
}}
| net worth          = [[अमेरिकी डलर|US$]]३२० मिलियन (2014)&lt;ref name=&quot;SMH 2014&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Vincent|first1=Peter|title=Jennifer Lopez on being J.Lo: Hard times made me what I am|url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/jennifer-lopez-on-being-jlo-hard-times-made-me-what-i-am-20140702-zsou3.html|accessdate=November 23, 2016|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|date=June 27, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| signature          = Jennifer Lopez Signature.png
| signature_size     = 
}}

'''जेनिफर लोपेज''' ({{lang-en|Jennifer Lynn Lopez}}) एक [[अमेरिकी]] [[गायक|गायिका]], [[अभिनेत्री]],[[व्यापारी]] तथा [[उद्यमी]] हुन्।

जेनिफर लिन एफ्लेक, उनको उपनाम J.Lo द्वारा पनि चिनिन्छ, एक अमेरिकी गायिका, अभिनेत्री, र नर्तक हुन्। पाँच दशक लामो क्यारियरको साथ, लोपेजलाई पप आइकन र संसारको सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली मनोरन्जनकर्ताहरू मध्ये एक मानिन्छ।

== जन्म ==
जुलाई २४, १९६९ (उमेर ५४ वर्ष), द ब्रोंक्स, न्यूयोर्क, संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका

== जीवनसाथी ==
बेन एफ्लेक (मि. 2022), मार्क एन्थोनी (m. 2004-2014), क्रिस जुड (m. 2001-2003), ओजानी नोआ (m. 1997-1998)

== अभिनेत्रीको रूपमा ==
==उद्यमीको रूपमा==
== व्यक्तिगत जीवन ==
=== विवहा ===
== प्रसिद्धि ==

==सन्दर्भ सूची==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==बाहिरी कडीहरू==
{{Commons category|Jennifer Lopez}}
&lt;!-- Please do not add fan-sites, as they will be promptly removed. Also, do not add Facebook or Twitter, see [[WP:ELPEREN]] --&gt;
* {{official website|http://jenniferlopez.com}}
* {{official website|http://jenniferlopezbeauty.com|Official beauty website}}
* {{Allmusic|class=artist|id=jennifer-lopez-p371168}}
* {{Amg name|jennifer-lopez-mn0000317865}}
* {{IMDb name|182}}
==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
{{Wikipedia books|Jennifer Lopez}}
{{Portal|New York City|Puerto Rico}}

{{Commonscat|Jennifer Lopez}}

[[श्रेणी:सन् १९६९ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी पप गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी व्यापारीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:आइल्यान्ड रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी टेलिभिजन अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी आवाज अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी महिला नर्तकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:२१औँ शताब्दीका अमेरिकी अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]


{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>एसी/डिसी</title>
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        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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| Name            = एसी/डीसी
| image           = ACDC In Tacoma 2009.jpg
| Background      = group_or_band
| Alias           = 
| Origin          = [[सिड्नी]], [[अस्ट्रेलिया]]
| Genre           = [[हार्ड रक]]&lt;br /&gt;[[हेभी मेटल (संगीत)]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/acdc-p3496 |title=AC/DC: Biography | last=Erlewine | first = Stephen Thomas | work = [[All Music Guide]] |accessdate=2007-05-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/acdc/biography |title=AC/DC: Biography |last=Coleman |first=Mark |coauthors=Chris Ryan |work=[[Rolling Stone]] |year=2004 |accessdate=2007-05-20 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070403100416/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/acdc/biography |date=2007-04-03 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[[ब्लुज् रक]]&lt;br /&gt;[[रक एन्ड रोल]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Years_active    = १९७३–हालसम्म
| Label           = [[अल्बर्ट रेकर्डस्]], [[एट्लान्टिक रेकर्ड्स]], [[एट्को रेकर्ड्स]], [[इलेक्ट्रा रेकर्ड्स]], [[इस्टवेस्ट रेकर्ड्स]], [[इ एम् आइ]], [[एपिक रेकर्ड्स]]
| URL             = [http://www.acdc.com/ www.acdc.com]
| Associated_acts = 
| Current_members = [[एंगस यंग]]&lt;br /&gt;[[माल्कम यंग]]&lt;br /&gt;[[क्लिफ विलियम्स]]&lt;br /&gt;[[ब्रायन जोन्सन]]&lt;br /&gt;[[फिल रड]]
| Past_members    = [[बन स्कट]]&lt;br /&gt;[[सिमोन राइट]]&lt;br /&gt;[[क्रिस स्लेड]]&lt;br /&gt;[[मार्क इभान्स]]&lt;br /&gt;[[डेभ इभान्स]]
}}

'''एसी/डीसी''' एक बहुचर्चित [[अष्ट्रेलियन]] [[हार्ड रक सांगीतीक समूह]] हो ।
==शुरुवात==
==इतिहास==
==समूह सदस्य==
==अर्वाड==

==सन्दर्भ==
{{Reflist|2}}
==बाहिरी लिङ्कहरू==
{{wikiquote}}
{{Commons|AC/DC}}
* {{Official website|http://www.acdc.com/}}
* {{dmoz|/Arts/Music/Bands_and_Artists/A/AC-DC}}
* [http://www.musicmight.com/linkto/artist/%7B75F865BD-3A63-4824-BBFD-8EFB8F1 Extended bio- and discography]
* {{MusicBrainz artist|id=66c662b6-6e2f-4930-8610-912e24c63ed1|name=AC/DC}}
*[http://www.youtube.com/acdc Official YouTube profile]
*[http://www.exclaim.ca/articles/multiarticlesub.aspx?csid1=126&amp;csid2=9&amp;fid1=33951 AC/DC Timeline]
*[http://www.rokpool.com/content/acdc AC/DC footage on Rokpool.com]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mjIpaAnWUCU Sin City] ''Bon Scott era''
==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
{{Portal|AC/DC}}
{{Wikipedia books|AC/DC}}
*[[AC/DShe]], an [[all-female band|all-female]] [[tribute act|tribute band]] who covers Bon Scott-era material
*[[Hell's Belles (band)|Hell's Belles]]&amp;nbsp;– another all-female tribute band
{{Commonscat|AC/DC}}

[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी गायकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी हार्ड रक सांगीतीक समूह]]
[[श्रेणी:ग्रामी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>ktk7rx1mrmuxkw1881wdoaqmuvtu87b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>सेन किङ्स्टन</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58603</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363347</id>
      <parentid>1293746</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:36:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
      <origin>1363347</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2999" sha1="frxjrr34qm02rtpbbi60lp3ildotxfl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name            = सेन किंग्स्टन
| image           = Sean Kingston Shout Awards.jpg
| caption         = Sean Kingston in 2009
| background      = solo_singer
| birth_name      = Kisean Anderson
| birth_date      = स.न् १९९० फेब्रेवरी ३

| birth_place     = [[मायामी]], [[फ्लोरिडा]], [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]
| origin          = [[Kingston, Jamaica]]
| years_active    = 2007–present
| label           = [[Beluga Heights Records|Beluga Heights]], [[Epic Records|Epic]], TM3, [[E1 Music]]
| occupation      = Rapper, singer, songwriter
| genre           = [[Reggae fusion]], [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], [[Dance music|dance]], [[Contemporary R&amp;B|R&amp;B]]&lt;ref name=autogenerated1&gt;[http://www.ontheredcarpet.com/Sean-Kingston-in-stable-condition-following-Miami-crash/8160478 Sean Kingston in stable condition following jet ski crash in Miami – May 30, 2011 | Entertainment News from OnTheRedCarpet.com&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;
| associated_acts = [[Flo Rida]], [[Soulja Boy]], [[Unk]], [[Rick Ross]], [[Iyaz]], [[Chris Brown (American entertainer)|Chris Brown]], [[Wiz Khalifa]]
| website         = {{url|www.seankingston.com}}
}}
'''सेन किंग्स्टन''' एक जमेकन–अमेरिकन  [[गायक]], [[गीतकार]] तथा [[¥यापर]] हुन् । उनको जन्म स.न् १९९० फेब्रेवरी ३ मा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिकाको]] [[फ्लोरिडा]] सहरको [[मायामी|मायामीमा]] भएको थियो ।
== बाल्यकाल ==
==शुरुवात==
== गायकको रूपमा ==
== ¥यापरको रूपमा ==
==गीतकारको रूपमा==
== व्यक्तिगत जीवन ==
=== विवहा ===
== प्रसिद्धि ==
==सन्दर्भ सामग्री==
{{Reflist|2}}
==बाहिरी लिङ्कहरू==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.seankingston.com}}
* {{Twitter|seankingston}}
* {{MySpace|seankingston}}
* {{YouTube user|seankingston}}
{{Persondata &lt;!-- Metadata: see Wikipedia:Persondata. --&gt;
| NAME              = Kingston, Sean
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Musician
| DATE OF BIRTH     = February 3, 1990
| PLACE OF BIRTH    = Miami, Florida
| DATE OF DEATH     =
| PLACE OF DEATH    =
}}
==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
{{Commonscat|Sean Kingston}}

[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी गायकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९९० मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>frxjrr34qm02rtpbbi60lp3ildotxfl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>इभानिसिन्स</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58630</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363348</id>
      <parentid>965795</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:36:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
      <origin>1363348</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3302" sha1="rbys5n3mcly61at66lh82udw0nuh07x" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist &lt;!-- See Wikipedia:WikiProject_Musicians --&gt;
| name            = इभानिसिन्स
| image           =
| image_size      = 250
| caption         = Evanescence in 2006. Left to right: [[John LeCompt]], [[Amy Lee]], [[Terry Balsamo]], [[Rocky Gray]], and [[Tim McCord]]
| landscape       = yes
| background      = group_or_band
| origin          = [[Little Rock, Arkansas]], United States
&lt;!--There is consensus against a genre field in the infobox. Please do not add one.--&gt;
| years_active    = 1995–2012 (on hiatus)&lt;ref name=&quot;OotS-Evfounding&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;revolver20120921&quot; /&gt;
| label           = [[Epic Records|Epic]], [[Wind-up Records|Wind-up]], [[EMI Records|EMI]]
| website         = {{URL|http://www.evanescence.com}}
| current_members = [[Amy Lee]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Terry Balsamo]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Tim McCord]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Will Hunt]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Troy McLawhorn]]
| past_members    = &lt;!--listed in order of joining per Template:Infobox Musical artist (Gray/LeCompt alphabetical by surname—joined at the same time)--&gt;[[Ben Moody]]&lt;br /&gt;[[David Hodges]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Rocky Gray]]&lt;br /&gt;[[John LeCompt]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Will Boyd]]
}}

'''इभानिसिन्स''' एक बहुचर्चित [[अमेरिकी]] [[रक सांगितीक समूह]] हो ।
==शुरुवात==
==इतिहास==
==समूह सदस्य==
==अर्वाड==
==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{reflist|30em|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;revolver20120921&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.revolvermag.com/news/evanescence-set-to-go-on-hiatus.html |title=Evanescence Set to Go on Hiatus |work=[[Revolver (magazine){{!}}Revolver]] |date=September 21, 2012 |accessdate=August 12, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;!--add references above this line--&gt;
}}


==बाहिरी लिङ्कहरू==
&lt;!--======================== {{No more links}} ============================
    | PLEASE BE CAUTIOUS IN ADDING MORE LINKS TO THIS ARTICLE. Wikipedia  |
    | is not a collection of links nor should it be used for advertising. |
    |                                                                     |
    |           Excessive or inappropriate links WILL BE DELETED.         |
    | See [[Wikipedia:External links]] &amp; [[Wikipedia:Spam]] for details.  |
    |                                                                     |
    | If there are already plentiful links, please propose additions or   |
    | replacements on this article's discussion page, or submit your link |
    | to the relevant category at the Open Directory Project (dmoz.org)   |
    | and link back to that category using the {{dmoz}} template.         |
    ======================= {{No more links}} =============================--&gt;
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikipedia books|Evanescence}}
{{Wiktionary|evanescence}}
* {{official website|http://www.evanescence.com/}}
==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्==
{{Commonscat|Evanescence}}

[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी रक सांगितीक समूह]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी गायकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:ग्रामी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>rbys5n3mcly61at66lh82udw0nuh07x</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>सेलिन डियोन</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>58639</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363349</id>
      <parentid>1242403</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:36:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
      <origin>1363349</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8230" sha1="hdfep3m4u1k8oju4remax3xd46iumu5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = सेलिन डियोन
| image = Celine Dion Live 2017.jpg
| caption = सन् २०१७ मा डियोन एक कार्यक्रममा प्रस्तुती दिँदै
| birth_name = सेलिन मेरि डियोन
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1968|3|30}}
| birth_place = [[क्युबेक]], क्यानडा
| residence = [[हेन्डरसन]], अमेरिका
| parents = {{ubl|चार्लस् डियोन|[[थेरेसे डियोन]]}}
| spouse = {{marriage|'''रिनी एन्जिली'''&lt;br /&gt;|17 December 1994|14 January 2016|end=died}}
| children = ३
| net_worth = $७०० मिलियन&lt;ref name=NetWorth&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6334796/madonna-paul-mccartney-worlds-richest-list|title=Celebritynetworth/Celine dion|first=Joe|last=Lynch|date=2 December 2014|accessdate=3 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| occupation = {{Flat list| 
*गायिका}}
| years_active = १९८०–हालसम्म
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| genre = {{flat list|
*[[पप सङ्गीत|पप]]
*[[चेनसन]]
*[[सफ्ट रक]]
*[[आर एण्ड बि]]
}}
| instrument = {{Flat list|
*स्वर}}
| label = {{Flat list| 
*[[CBS Records International|सिबिएस]]
*[[एपिक रेकर्ड|एपिक]]
*[[कोलम्बिया रेकर्ड|कोलम्बिया]]
*[[५५० म्युजिक|५५०]]
*[[लेगेसी रेकर्डिङ]]}} &lt;!--This is listed chronologically. PLEASE DO NOT REVERT OR CHANGE. Sony Music Canada is a division of SME and is NOT A RECORD LABEL. --&gt;
| associated_acts = डेभिड फोस्टर
| website = {{URL|celinedion.com}}
}}
}}
'''सेलिन डियोन''' एक क्यानडेली गायिका, अभिनेत्री तथा गीतकार हुन् । उनको जन्म स.न् १९६८ को मार्च ३० मा [[क्यानडा]]को [[क्यूविक]] सहरमा भएको थियो ।

== बाल्यकाल ==
==शुरुवात==
== गायिकाको रूपमा ==
== अभिनेत्रीको रूपमा ==
==गीतकारको रूपमा==
== व्यक्तिगत जीवन ==
=== विवहा ===
== प्रसिद्धि ==
==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{Reflist|30em}}
* {{cite news | title=Celine Dion shuts down parody website | author=Sean Michaels | work=The Guardian | url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jul/22/celine-dion-parody-website | accessdate=22 July 2011 | location=London | date=22 July 2011}}
* {{Cite book |last =Beaulne |first =Jean |year =2004 |title =René Angélil: the making of Céline Dion : the unauthorized biography |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=vME4TPh1RXwC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Celine%20Dion&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Dundurn Group|isbn= 1-55002-489-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Bogdanvo|first=Vladimir|coauthors= Woodstra; Erlewine| title=Allmusic:The Definitive Guide to Popular Music| publisher=Backbeat Books| year=2001 | isbn= 0-87930-627-0 }}
* [http://artistdirect.com/nad/music/artist/bio/0,,423645,00.html#bio ''Céline Dion''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807034919/http://artistdirect.com/nad/music/artist/bio/0,,423645,00.html#bio |date=2011-08-07 }}. Artist direct. Retrieved on १८ December २००५.
* &quot;Celine Dion.&quot; ''Contemporary Musicians, Volume २५''. Gale Group, १९९९.
* &quot;Celine Dion.&quot; ''Newsmakers १९९५'', Issue ४. Gale Research, १९९५.
* [http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-d/celinedion_main.htm ''Céline Dion''] Rock on the Net. Retrieved २० November २००५.
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=U1ARTU0000970 Céline Dion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060623155654/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&amp;Params=U1ARTU0000970 |date=2006-06-23 }} ''The Canadian Encyclopedia''. Retrieved २ July २००६
* [http://www.vh1.com/artists/az/dion_celine/artist.jhtml#biographyEnd ''Céline Dion''] provided by [[VH1]].com Retrieved १६ August २००५.
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3670760.stm ''Dion extends long Las Vegas stint''] bbc news. com. Retrieved ५ November २००५.
* Durchholz, Daniel. ''Review: One Heart''. ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]''. St. Louis, Mo.: २४ April २००३. p. F.३
* {{cite book |last=Germain|first=Georges-Hébert|title=Céline: The Authorized Biography| publisher=Dundurn Press| year=1998 | isbn= 1-55002-318-7|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=RTVs3X_s0McC&amp;lpg=PA1&amp;dq=C%C3%A9line%3A%20The%20Authorized%20Biography&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true}}
* {{cite book |last=Glatzer|first=Jenna| title=Céline Dion: For Keeps|url=http://books.google.ca/books?id=CAvRv-Myw08C&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=C%C3%A9line%20Dion%3A%20For%20Keeps&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true| publisher=Becker &amp; Mayer Ltd| year=2005 | isbn= 0-7407-5559-5}}
* [http://www.covemagazine.com/100vocalists.html ''The १०० Outstanding Pop Vocalist''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051125144637/http://www.covemagazine.com/100vocalists.html |date=2005-11-25 }} covemagazine.com Retrieved १ November २००५.
* ''Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot १०० Charts: The Nineties'' (ISBN ०-८९८२०-१३७-३)
* World Music Awards [http://www.worldmusicawards.com/ ''Diamond Award''] Retrieved १ November २००५, &lt;small&gt;(Search by year required)&lt;/small&gt;
{{Refend}}
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book |last = Beauregard |first =Sylvain |year =2002 |title =Passion Celine Dion the Book: The Ultimate Guide for the Fan |url =http://books.google.ca/books?id=IQ4W5F5UocEC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Celine%20Dion&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true |publisher=Trafford Pub|isbn=1-55369-212-8}}
*{{cite book|last=Dion|first=Céline|title=Céline Dion: My Story, My Dream|publisher=Avon|year=2001|isbn=0-380-81905-8}}
* {{Cite book |last =Geddes |first = Anne |coauthor= Céline Dion |year =2004 |title =Miracle: a celebration of new life
 |url = http://books.google.ca/books?id=7m6YeL1lLVYC&amp;lpg=PP1&amp;dq=Celine%20Dion&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=true|publisher=Andrews McMeel Pub |isbn= 0-7407-4696-0 }}
* {{cite book |last=Wilson|first= Carl| title

==बाहिरी लिङ्कहरू==
{{Sister project links|s=no|commons=Category:Celine Dion|wikt=no|b=no|q=Céline Dion|n=no|v=no}}
&lt;!--Please, do not add fansites, as per [[WP:''not'']]--&gt;
* [http://www.celinedion.com/ CelineDion.com]&amp;nbsp;– Official website operated by Sony Music Canada (English, French).
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/CelineDionTV?ob=1 Celine Dion YouTube Channel]
* {{facebook|celinedion}}
* [http://www.wn.com/Celine_Dion Celine Dion] at WN
*[{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p4099|pure_url=yes}} Celine Dion] at [[Allmusic]]
* [{{BillboardURLbyName|artist=celine dion|chart=all}} Celine Dion] at [[Billboard.com]]
* {{IMDb name|id=0001144|name=Céline Dion}}
* [http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/ambassadors/ambassadors/ambassadors-celinedion/en/ FAO Goodwill Ambassador website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120720162821/http://www.fao.org/getinvolved/ambassadors/ambassadors/ambassadors-celinedion/en/ |date=2012-07-20 }}

==यी पनि हेर्नुहोस्==

{{Commonscat|Céline Dion}}

{{Persondata
|NAME = Dion, Céline Marie Claudette, OC, OQ
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Dion, Celine
|SHORT DESCRIPTION = Canadian singer and actor
|DATE OF BIRTH = 30 March 1968
|PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Charlemagne, Quebec]], Canada
|DATE OF DEATH =
|PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:ग्रामी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:क्यानडेली पप गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>hdfep3m4u1k8oju4remax3xd46iumu5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Nawaraj Ghimire</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>63638</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363318</id>
      <parentid>1362171</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T13:05:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>14766</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Tech News: 2026-26 */ नयाँ खण्ड</comment>
      <origin>1363318</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="931304" sha1="nvfpyhz02y89rv98oes10qtp0js3uw2" xml:space="preserve">{{archive box| search=yes|
* [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता१|पुराना सन्देशहरू १ : २०१७/०३/१७ सम्म]]
* [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता२|पुराना सन्देशहरू २  : २०२२/०७/२२सम्म]]
* [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता३|पुराना सन्देशहरू ३  : २०२३/०३/२१सम्म]]
* [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Nawaraj_Ghimire/वर्ता४|पुराना सन्देशहरू ४  : २०२५/१०/२०८सम्म]]
}}

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] condition limit was increased from 1000 to 2000. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309609]
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter#Locally disabled actions|Some Global AbuseFilter]] actions will no longer apply to local projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332521]
* Desktop users are now able to subscribe to talk pages by clicking on the {{int:discussiontools-newtopicssubscription-button-subscribe-label}} link in the {{int:toolbox}} menu. If you subscribe to a talk page, you receive [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications|notifications]] when new topics are started on that talk page. This is separate from putting the page on your watchlist or subscribing to a single discussion. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263821]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-03-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.40/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* You will be able to choose [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diffs]] on all [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Page history|history pages]] at the Wiktionaries and Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314588]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The legacy [[mw:Mobile Content Service|Mobile Content Service]] is going away in July 2023. Developers are encouraged to switch to Parsoid or another API before then to ensure service continuity. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/4MVQQTONJT7FJAXNVOFV3WWVVMCHRINE/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:५९, २८ मार्च २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The system for automatically creating categories for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Babel|Babel]] extension has had several important changes and fixes. One of them allows you to insert templates for automatic category descriptions on creation, allowing you to categorize the new categories. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T211665][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T64714][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170654][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184941][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33074]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Some older [[w:en:Web browser|Web browsers]] will stop being able to use [[w:en:JavaScript|JavaScript]] on Wikimedia wikis from this week. This mainly affects users of Internet Explorer 11. If you have an old web browser on your computer you can try to upgrade to a newer version. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T178356]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The deprecated &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.hoverIntent&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module has been removed. This module could be used by gadgets and user scripts, to create an artificial delay in how JavaScript responds to a hover event. Gadgets and user scripts should now use jQuery &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;hover()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;on()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Examples can be found in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Migration_guide_(users)#jquery.hoverIntent|migration guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311194]
* Some of the links in [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] will be re-arranged. There will be a clearer separation between links that relate to all users, and links related to your own user account. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333242]
* You will be able to hide the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Replying|Reply button]] in archived discussion pages with a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__ARCHIVEDTALK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word.  There will also be a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mw-archivedtalk&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class for hiding the Reply button in individual sections on a page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T249293][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295553][https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/DiscussionTools/+/738221]

'''Future changes'''
* The Vega software that creates data visualizations in pages, such as graphs, will be upgraded to the newest version in the future. Graphs that still use the very old version 1.5 syntax may stop working properly. Most existing uses have been found and updated, but you can help to check, and to update any local documentation. [[phab:T260542|Examples of how to find and fix these graphs are available]]. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:२५, ४ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24820268 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: March 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 3 • March 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program|Audio-seminar project of the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art &amp; Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club|Empowering Nigerian Female Artists: Through Art &amp; Feminism Edith-A-Thon at KWASU Fan Club]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Exploring How Wikipedia Works|Exploring How Wikipedia Works]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit|Florida graduate students complete Library History edit-a-thon for credit]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Improving hearing health content in Brazil|Improving hearing health content in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries |Media Literacy Portal to become a key resource for media education in Czech Libraries]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikeys in the Albanian language|Wikeys in the Albanian language]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia|Wikimarathon is an opportunity to involve students and teachers in creating and editing articles in Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Polska short report|Wikimedia Polska short report]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2023/Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia|Wikimedia Serbia participated in the State Seminar of the The Mathematical Society of Serbia]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:३०, ९ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=24824837 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] In the visual editor, it is now possible to edit captions of images in galleries without opening the gallery dialog. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Editing/Editable gallery captions in Visual Editor|voted #61 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T190224]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] You can now receive notifications when another user edits your user page. See the &quot;{{int:Echo-category-title-edit-user-page}}&quot; option in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-echo|your Preferences]]. This feature request was [[:m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Anti-harassment/Notifications for user page edits|voted #3 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T3876]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem with all types of CentralNotice banners still being shown to logged-in users even if they had [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-centralnotice-banners|turned off]] specific banner types. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331671]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-arywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dinwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-elwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-emlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-etwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-euwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-extwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tumwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ffwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiu_vrowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-furwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gcrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-glkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gotwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-guwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304551][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308133]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:५०, ११ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* You can now see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Show_nearby_articles|nearby articles on a Kartographer map]] with the button for the new feature &quot;{{int:Kartographer-sidebar-nearbybutton}}&quot;. Six wikis have been testing this feature since October. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Nearby_articles#Implementation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334079]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Special:GlobalWatchlist]] page now has links for &quot;{{int:globalwatchlist-markpageseen}}&quot; for each entry. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Button to mark a single change as read in the global watch list|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334246]

'''Problems'''
* At Wikimedia Commons, some thumbnails have not been getting replaced correctly after a new version of the image is uploaded. This should be fixed later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331138][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333042]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] For the last few weeks, some external tools had inconsistent problems with logging-in with OAuth. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332650]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:४०, १८ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=24881071 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The date-selection menu on pages such as [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] will now show year-ranges that are in the current and past decade, instead of the current and future decade. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Change year range shown in date selection popup|voted #145 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334316]

'''Problems'''
* Due to security issues with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]], graphs have been disabled in all Wikimedia projects. Wikimedia Foundation teams are working to respond to these vulnerabilities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940]
* For a few days, it was not possible to save some kinds of edits on the mobile version of a wiki. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334797][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334799][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334794]

'''Changes later this week'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on April 26. This is planned for [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1682517653 14:00 UTC]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-04-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* The Editing team plans an A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|a usability analysis of the Talk page project]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|planned measurements are available]]. Your wiki [[phab:T332946|may be invited to participate]]. Please suggest improvements to the measurement plan at [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/Usability|the discussion page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024|The Wikimedia Foundation annual plan 2023-2024 draft is open for comment and input]] until May 19. The final plan will be published in July 2023 on Meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:४८, २५ अप्रिल २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the French and Italian Wikipedias. More languages will be added in the near future. This is part of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T243711][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270490][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[:commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2commons]] tool has been updated. This fixed several bugs related to YouTube uploads. [https://github.com/toolforge/video2commons/pull/162/commits]
* The [[{{#special:Preferences}}]] page has been redesigned on mobile web. The new design makes it easier to browse the different categories and settings at low screen widths. You can also now access the page via a link in the Settings menu in the mobile web sidebar. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Content_moderation_on_mobile_web/Preferences]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:३०, २ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Last week, Community Tech released the first update for providing [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diffs]], the #1 request in the 2022 Community Wishlist Survey. [[phab:T324759|This update]] adds legends and tooltips to inline diffs so that users unfamiliar with the blue and yellow highlights can better understand the type of edits made.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] When you close an image that is displayed via MediaViewer, it will now return to the wiki page instead of going back in your browser history. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Return to the article when closing the MediaViewer|voted #65 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T236591]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight|SyntaxHighlight]] extension now supports &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;wikitext&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as a selected language. Old alternatives that were used to highlight wikitext, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html5&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;moin&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;html+handlebars&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, can now be replaced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T29828]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Creating pages with preloaded text|Preloading text to new pages/sections]] now supports preloading from localized MediaWiki interface messages. [https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Martin_Urbanec_(WMF)?action=edit&amp;section=new&amp;preload=MediaWiki:July Here is an example] at the {{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}} that uses &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;preload=MediaWiki:July&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330337]

'''Problems'''
* Graph Extension update: Foundation developers have completed upgrading the visualization software to Vega5. Existing community graphs based on Vega2 are no longer compatible. Communities need to update local graphs and templates, and shared lua modules like &lt;bdi lang=&quot;de&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:de:Modul:Graph]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The [https://vega.github.io/vega/docs/porting-guide/ Vega Porting guide] provides the most comprehensive detail on migration from Vega2 and [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Graph:PageViews&amp;action=history here is an example migration]. Vega5 has currently just been enabled on mediawiki.org to provide a test environment for communities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940#8813922]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Until now, all new OAuth apps went through manual review. Starting this week, apps using identification-only or basic authorizations will not require review. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67750]

'''Future changes'''
* During the next year, MediaWiki will stop using IP addresses to identify logged-out users, and will start automatically assigning unique temporary usernames. Read more at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates|IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates]]. You can [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation#What should it look like?|join the discussion]] about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation/Updates#What will temporary usernames look like?|format of the temporary usernames]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332805]
* There will be an [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on 10 Wikipedias where the Vector 2022 skin is the default skin. Half of logged-in desktop users will see an interface where the different parts of the page are more clearly separated. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Updates/2023-05 Zebra9 A/B test|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333180][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335972]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] &lt;code&gt;jquery.tipsy&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from the MediaWiki core. This will affect some user scripts. Many lines with &lt;code&gt;.tipsy(&lt;/code&gt; can be commented out. &lt;code&gt;OO.ui.PopupWidget&lt;/code&gt; can be used to keep things working like they are now. You can [[phab:T336019|read more]] and [[:mw:Help:Locating broken scripts|read about how to find broken scripts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336019]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:२१, ९ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Citations that are automatically generated based on [[d:Q33057|ISBN]] are currently broken. This affects citations made with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]], and the use of the citoid API in gadgets and user scripts. Work is ongoing to restore this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298] 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-gorwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hakwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hifwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hsbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-htwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-igwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ilowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-inhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jvwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308134] 

'''Future changes'''
* There is a recently formed team at the Wikimedia Foundation which will be focusing on experimenting with new tools. Currently they are building [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI|a prototype ChatGPT plugin that allows information generated by ChatGPT to be properly attributed]] to the Wikimedia projects.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget and userscript developers should replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; library will be removed in ~1 month, and staff developers will run a script to replace any remaining uses at that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336018]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:३०, १६ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The &quot;recent edits&quot; time period for page watchers is now 30 days. It used to be 180 days. This was a [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Change information about the number of watchers on a page|Community Wishlist Survey proposal]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336250]

'''Changes later this week'''
* An [[mw:special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Impact|improved impact module]] will be available at Wikipedias. The impact module is a feature available to newcomers [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer homepage|at their personal homepage]]. It will show their number of edits, how many readers their edited pages have, how many thanks they have received and similar things. It is also accessible by accessing Special:Impact. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

२२:४०, २२ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: April 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 4 • April 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update|Auckland Museum Alliance fund project update]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers|Introducing Wikipedia to Kusaal Language Teachers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program|KWASU Fan Club Leads the Way in 21st Century Learning with Wiki in School Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/On-line Courses for Educators in Poland|On-line Courses for Educators in Poland]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives|Online meeting of Ukrainian educators working with Wikipedia – four perspectives]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania |Wikiclubs Editathon in Elbasan, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wikipedia at the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2023/Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference|Wikipedia at the University of Łódź Information Management Conference]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:१२, २३ मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Citations can once again be added automatically from ISBNs, thanks to Zotero's ISBN searches. The current data sources are the Library of Congress (United States), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (French National Library), and K10plus ISBN (German repository). Additional data source searches can be [[mw:Citoid/Creating Zotero translators|proposed to Zotero]]. The ISBN labels in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User_guide/Citations-Full#Automatic|VisualEditor Automatic tab]] will reappear later this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336298#8859917]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The page [[{{#special:EditWatchlist}}]] now has &quot;{{int:watchlistedit-normal-check-all}}&quot; options to select all the pages within a namespace. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Notifications, Watchlists and Talk Pages/Watchlist edit - &quot;check all&quot; checkbox|voted #161 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334252]	

'''Problems'''
* For a few days earlier this month, the &quot;Add interlanguage link&quot; item in the Tools menu did not work properly. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337081]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-05-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/small.dblist small] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/medium.dblist medium] wikis this week. Large wikis will follow in the coming weeks. This is part of the effort to move Parsoid into MediaWiki core. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:४९, ३० मे २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe|RealMe]] extension allows you to mark URLs on your user page as verified for Mastodon and similar software.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] Citation and footnote editing can now be started from the reference list when using the visual editor. This feature request was [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Citations/Allow citations to be edited in the references section with VisualEditor|voted #2 in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T54750]
* Previously, clicking on someone else's link to Recent Changes with filters applied within the URL could unintentionally change your preference for &quot;{{int:Rcfilters-group-results-by-page}}&quot;. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T202916#8874081]

'''Problems'''
* For a few days last week, some tools and bots returned outdated information due to database replication problems, and may have been down entirely while it was being fixed. These issues have now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337446]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.12|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Bots will no longer be prevented from making edits because of URLs that match the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SpamBlacklist|spam blacklist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T313107]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:३७, ६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] The content attribution tools [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Who Wrote That?|Who Wrote That?]], [[xtools:authorship|XTools Authorship]], and [[xtools:blame|XTools Blame]] now support the Dutch, German, Hungarian, Indonesian, Japanese, Polish and Portuguese Wikipedias. This was the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Reading/Extend &quot;Who Wrote That?&quot; tool to more wikis|#7 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334891]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Search Improvements#Search Preview panel|Search Preview panel]] has been deployed on four Wikipedias (Catalan, Dutch, Hungarian and Norwegian). The panel will show an image related to the article (if existing), the top sections of the article, related images (coming from MediaSearch on Commons), and eventually the sister projects associated with the article. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306341]
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:RealMe#Verifying_a_link_on_non-user_pages|RealMe]] extension now allows administrators to verify URLs for any page, for Mastodon and similar software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324937]
* The default project license [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimediaannounce-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/7G6XPWZPQFLZ2JANN3ZX6RT4DVUI3HZQ/ has been officially upgraded] to CC BY-SA 4.0. The software interface messages have been updated. Communities should feel free to start updating any mentions of the old CC BY-SA 3.0 licensing within policies and related documentation pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319064]

'''Problems'''
* For three days last month, some Wikipedia pages edited with VisualEditor or DiscussionTools had an unintended &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__TOC__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or its localized form) added during an edit. There is [[mw:Parsoid/Deployments/T336101_followup|a listing of affected pages sorted by wiki]], that may still need to be fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336101]
* Currently, the &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is broken. Existing &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; keywords incorrectly appear as missing templates in VisualEditor. Developers are exploring how to fix this. In the meantime, those wishing to edit the default sortkey of a page are advised to switch to source editing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Last week, an update to the delete form may have broken some gadgets or user scripts. If you need to manipulate (empty) the reason field, replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;#wpReason &gt; input&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. See [https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3AGadget-CleanDeleteReasons.js&amp;diff=22859956&amp;oldid=12794189 an example fix]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337809]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* VisualEditor will be switched to a new backend on English Wikipedia on Monday, and all other [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/source/mediawiki-config/browse/master/dblists/large.dblist large] wikis on Thursday. The change should have no noticeable effect on users, but if you experience any slow loading or other strangeness when using VisualEditor, please report it on the phabricator ticket linked here. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320529]

'''Future changes'''
* From 5 June to 17 July, the Foundation's [[:mw:Wikimedia Security Team|Security team]] is holding a consultation with contributors regarding a draft policy to govern the use of third-party resources in volunteer-developed gadgets and scripts. Feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|Third-party resources policy]] on meta-wiki.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २०:३७, १२ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Flame graphs are now available in WikimediaDebug. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JXNQD3EHG5V5QW5UXFDPSHQG4MJ3FWJQ/][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2023/06/08/flame-graphs-arrive-in-wikimediadebug/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.
* There is now a toolbar search popup in the visual editor. You can trigger it by typing &lt;code&gt;\&lt;/code&gt; or pressing &lt;code&gt;ctrl + shift + p&lt;/code&gt;. It can help you quickly access most tools in the editor. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Visual_editor_toolbar_search_feature.png][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T66905]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:५४, २० जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Action API modules and Special:LinkSearch will now add a trailing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;/&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to all &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prop=extlinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; responses for bare domains. This is part of the work to remove duplication in the &lt;code&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; database table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337994]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, search was broken on Commons and Wikidata for 23 hours. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339810][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2023-06-18_search_broken_on_wikidata_and_commons]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-06-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Minerva skin now applies more predefined styles to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.mbox-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; CSS class. This enables support for mbox templates that use divs instead of tables. Please make sure that the new styles won't affect other templates in your wiki. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/skins/MinervaNeue/+/930901/][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T339040]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadgets will now load on both desktop and mobile by default. Previously, gadgets loaded only on desktop by default. Changing this default using the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|targets=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter is also deprecated and should not be used. You should make gadgets work on mobile or disable them based on the skin (with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;|skins=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; parameter in &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Gadgets-definition&lt;/bdi&gt;) rather than whether the user uses the mobile or the desktop website. Popular gadgets that create errors on mobile will be disabled by developers on the Minerva skin as a temporary solution. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T127268]
* All namespace tabs now have the same browser [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts|access key]] by default. Previously, custom and extension-defined namespaces would have to have their access keys set manually on-wiki, but that is no longer necessary. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T22126]
* The review form of the Flagged Revisions extension now uses the standardized [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|user interface components]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] How media is structured in the parser's HTML output will change in the coming weeks at [[:wikitech:Deployments/Train#Thursday|group2 wikis]]. This change improves the accessibility of content. You may need to update your site-CSS, or userscripts and gadgets. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Media_structure/FAQ|details on what code to check, how to update the code, and where to report any related problems]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T314318]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:०४, २६ जुन २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the rolling out of the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposal, [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/small.dblist small wikis] will now be able to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline audio player mode|inline audio player]] that is implemented by the [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] extension. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] From this week all gadgets automatically load on mobile and desktop sites. If you see any problems with gadgets on your wikis, please adjust the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|gadget options]] in your gadget definitions file. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328610]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:३६, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: June 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 5 • June 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates|Africa Day 2023: Abuja Teachers celebrates]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia|From editing articles to civic power – Wikimedia UK's research on democracy and Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Program in Yemen Brings Positive Impact to Yemeni Teachers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view|Using Wikipedia in education: students' and teachers' view]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State|The Journey of Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Lagos State]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/WMB goes to Serbia |WMB goes to Serbia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2023/But we don't want it to end!|But we don't want it to end!]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:२९, ४ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Data Across Wikimedia/Section-level Image Suggestions|Section-level Image Suggestions feature]] has been deployed on seven Wikipedias (Portuguese, Russian, Indonesian, Catalan, Hungarian, Finnish and Norwegian Bokmål). The feature recommends images for articles on contributors' watchlists that are a good match for individual sections of those articles.
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global abuse filters]] have been enabled on all Wikimedia projects, except English and Japanese Wikipedias (who opted out). This change was made following a [[:m:Requests for comment/Make global abuse filters opt-out|global request for comments]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341159]
* [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] is a new tool for administrators to help fight spam. It provides a clearer interface for blocking plain domains (and their subdomains), is more easily searchable, and is faster for the software to process for each edit on the wiki. It does not support regex (for complex cases), nor URL path-matching, nor the [[MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist|MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist]], but otherwise it replaces most of the functionalities of the existing [[MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist|MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist]]. There is a Python script to help migrate all simple domains into this tool, and more feature details, within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:BlockedExternalDomains|the tool's documentation]]. It is available at all wikis except for Meta-wiki, Commons, and Wikidata. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337431]
* The WikiEditor extension was updated. It includes some of the most frequently used features of wikitext editing. In the past, many of its messages could only be translated by administrators, but now all regular translators on translatewiki can translate them. Please check [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=ext-wikieditor&amp;messages=&amp;x=D#sortable:0=asc the state of WikiEditor localization into your language], and if the &quot;Completion&quot; for your language shows anything less than 100%, please complete the translation. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-ambassadors@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/D4YELU2DXMZ75PGELUOKXXMFF3FH45XA/ a more detailed explanation].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The default protocol of [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and API counterparts has changed from http to both http and https. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14810]
* [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]] and its API counterparts will now search for all of the URL provided in the query. It used to be only the first 60 characters. This feature was requested fifteen years ago. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T17218]

'''Future changes'''
* There is an experiment with a [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin. This is to show users where the information is coming from when they read information from Wikipedia. It has been tested by Wikimedia Foundation staff and other Wikimedians. Soon all ChatGPT plugin users can use the Wikipedia plugin. This is the same plugin which was mentioned in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/20|Tech News 2023/20]]. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]
* There is an ongoing discussion on a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Third-party resources policy|proposed Third-party resources policy]]. The proposal will impact the use of third-party resources in gadgets and userscripts. Based on the ideas received so far, policy includes some of the risks related to user scripts and gadgets loading third-party resources, some best practices and exemption requirements such as code transparency and inspectability. Your feedback and suggestions are warmly welcome until July 17, 2023 on [[m:Talk:Third-party resources policy|on the policy talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:३९, ११ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] We are now serving 1% of all global user traffic from [[:en:Kubernetes|Kubernetes]] (you can [[wikitech:MediaWiki On Kubernetes|read more technical details]]). We are planning to increment this percentage regularly. You can [[phab:T290536|follow the progress of this work]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:System_message|system messages]] will now look for available local fallbacks, instead of always using the default fallback defined by software. This means wikis no longer need to override each language on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback_languages|fallback chain]] separately. For example, English Wikipedia doesn't have to create &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-ca&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;en-gb&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; subpages with a transclusion of the base pages anymore. This makes it easier to maintain local overrides. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T229992]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthsetmentorstatus&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API will be deprecated with the new MediaWiki version. Bots or scripts calling that API should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;action=growthmanagementorlist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; API now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T321503]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:५३, १८ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]   On July 18, the Wikimedia Foundation launched a survey about the [[:mw:Technical_decision_making|technical decision making process]] for people who do technical work that relies on software that is maintained by the Foundation or affiliates. If this applies to you, [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/885471 please take part in the survey]. The survey will be open for three weeks, until August 7. You can find more information in [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/Q7DUCFA75DXG3G2KHTO7CEWMLCYTSDB2/|the announcement e-mail on wikitech-l]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-07-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०८:०५, २५ जुलाई २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Synchronizer|Synchronizer]] tool is now available to keep Lua modules synced across Wikimedia wikis, along with [[mw:Multilingual Templates and Modules|updated documentation]] to develop global Lua modules and templates.
* The tag filter on [[{{#special:NewPages}}]] and revision history pages can now be inverted. For example, you can hide edits that were made using an automated tool. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334337][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334338]
* The Wikipedia [[:w:en:ChatGPT|ChatGPT]] plugin experiment can now be used by ChatGPT users who can use plugins. You can participate in a [[:m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future Audiences#Announcing monthly Future Audiences open &quot;office hours&quot;|video call]] if you want to talk about this experiment or similar work. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Annual_Plan/2023-2024/Draft/Future_Audiences#FA2.2_Conversational_AI]

'''Problems'''
* It was not possible to generate a PDF for pages with non-Latin characters in the title, for the last two weeks. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342442]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-01|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-02|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-03|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Tuesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-kawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kaawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kbpwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-knwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kshwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kuwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kwwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308135] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:३९, १ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Mobile Web editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced_mobile_contributions#August_1,_2023_-_Full-page_editing_added_on_mobile|edit a whole page at once]]. To use this feature, turn on &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-mobile-option-amc}}&quot; in your settings and use the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; button in the &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T203151]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:०६, ८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: July 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 7 • July 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign|Wikimedia Kaduna Connect Campaign]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program|Wikimedia Serbia published a paper Promoting Equity in Access to Open Knowledge: An Example of the Wikipedia Educational Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus|Wikimedia and Education Kailali Multiple campus]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation|WikiCamp in Istog, Kosovo: Promoting Knowledge and Nature Appreciation]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium|Wiki at the Brazilian National History Symposium]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/US &amp; Canada program reaches 100M words added |US &amp; Canada program reaches 100M words added]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers|Renewed Community Wikiconference brought together experienced Wikipedians and newcomers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba|Kusaal Wikipedia Workshop at Ajumako Campus, University of Education, Winneba]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony|Join us to celebrate the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program Graduation Ceremony]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book|Activities that took place during the presentation of the WikiEducation book. Educational practices and experiences in Mexico with Wikipedia and other open resources in Xalala, Veracruz from the Wikimedia Mexico Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program|62+ Participants Graduates from the Kiwix4Schools Africa Mentorship Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine|“Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” course launched in Ukraine]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2023/OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana|OFWA and Goethe Institute Host Wiki Skills For Librarians Workshop-Ghana]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:१८, १४ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Content translation system is no longer using Youdao's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Content_translation/Translating/Initial_machine_translation|machine translation service]]. The service was in place for several years, but due to no usage, and availability of alternatives, it was deprecated to reduce maintenance overheads. Other services which cover the same languages are still available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329137]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-15|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-16|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-17|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ladwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lbewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lezwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lfnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-liwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lijwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lmowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ltgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-maiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-map_bmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mdfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kywiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308136] &lt;!-- TODO replace wiki codes --&gt;

'''Future changes'''
* A few gadgets/user scripts which add icons to the Minerva skin need to have their CSS updated. There are more details available including a [[phab:T344067|search for all existing instances and how to update them]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ११:४५, १५ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25428668 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [https://gdrive-to-commons.toolforge.org/ GDrive to Commons Uploader] tool is now available. It enables [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GDrive to Commons Uploader|securely selecting and uploading files]] from your Google Drive directly to Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267868]
* From now on, we will announce new Wikimedia wikis in Tech News, so you can update any tools or pages.
** Since the last edition, two new wikis have been created:
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q7121294|Pa'O]] ([[wikt:blk:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:blk:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343540]
*** a Wikisource in [[d:Q34002|Sundanese]] ([[s:su:|&lt;code&gt;s:su:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343539]
** To catch up, the next most recent six wikis are:
*** Wikifunctions ([[f:|&lt;code&gt;f:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275945]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[wikt:btm:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335216]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q5555465|Ghanaian Pidgin]] ([[w:gpe:|&lt;code&gt;w:gpe:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335969]
*** a Wikinews in [[d:Q3111668|Gungbe]] ([[n:guw:|&lt;code&gt;n:guw:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334394]
*** a Wiktionary in [[d:Q33522|Kabardian]] ([[wikt:kbd:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kbd:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333266]
*** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35570|Fante]] ([[w:fat:|&lt;code&gt;w:fat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335016]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-22|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-23|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-24|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There is an existing [[mw:Stable interface policy|stable interface policy]] for MediaWiki backend code. There is a [[mw:User:Jdlrobson/Stable interface policy/frontend|proposed stable interface policy for frontend code]]. This is relevant for anyone who works on gadgets or Wikimedia frontend code. You can read it, discuss it, and let the proposer know if there are any problems. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

२१:१०, २१ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25497111 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|better diff handling of paragraph splits]], improved detection of splits is being rolled out. Over the last two weeks, we deployed this support to [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Groups|group0]] and group1 wikis. This week it will be deployed to group2 wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341754]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] All [[{{#special:Contributions}}]] pages now show the user's local edit count and the account's creation date. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T324166]
* Wikisource users can now use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;prpbengalicurrency&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; label to denote Bengali currency characters as page numbers inside the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;pagelist&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tag.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268932]
* Two preferences have been relocated. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-visualeditor}}&quot; is now shown on the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|&quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab]] at all wikis. Previously it was shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab at some wikis. The preference &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-enable}}&quot; is now also shown on the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab at all wikis, instead of the &quot;{{int:prefs-betafeatures}}&quot; tab. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335056][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344158]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-29|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-30|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-08-31|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] New signups for a Wikimedia developer account will start being pushed towards &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://idm.wikimedia.org/ idm.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, rather than going via Wikitech. [[wikitech:IDM|Further information about the new system is available]].
* All right-to-left language wikis, plus Korean, Armenian, Ukrainian, Russian, and Bulgarian Wikipedias, will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. This feature will come to more wikis in future weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* The removal of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DoubleWiki|DoubleWiki extension]] is being discussed. This extension currently allows Wikisource users to view articles from multiple language versions side by side when the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;=&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; symbol next to a specific language edition is selected. Comments on this are welcomed at [[phab:T344544|the phabricator task]].
* A proposal has been made to merge the second hidden-categories list (which appears below the wikitext editing form) with the main list of categories (which is further down the page). [[phab:T340606|More information is available on Phabricator]]; feedback is welcome!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; १९:४५, २८ अगस्ट २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25510866 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[m:Wikisource_EditInSequence|EditInSequence]], a feature that allows users to edit pages faster on Wikisource has been moved to a Beta Feature based on community feedback. To enable it, you can navigate to the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features tab in Preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308098]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Generate Audio for IPA|Generate Audio for IPA]] and [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Multimedia and Commons/Audio links that play on click|Audio links that play on click]] wishlist proposals, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Phonos#Inline_audio_player_mode|inline audio player mode]] of [[mw:Extension:Phonos|Phonos]] has been deployed to all projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336763]
* There is a new option for Administrators when they are changing the usergroups for a user, to add the user’s user page to their watchlist. This works both via [[{{#special:UserRights}}]] and via the API. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T272294]
* One new wiki has been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34318|Talysh]] ([[w:tly:|&lt;code&gt;w:tly:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345166]
'''Problems'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:LoginNotify|LoginNotify extension]] was not sending notifications since January. It has now been fixed, so going forward, you may see notifications for failed login attempts, and successful login attempts from a new device. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344785]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-mhrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-miwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-minwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrjwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mtwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mwlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-myvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mznwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-napwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ndswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nds_nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-novwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nqowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nrmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nsowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ocwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-olowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-omwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-orwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-oswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pagwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pamwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-papwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pcdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pdcwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pflwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pihwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pmswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pnbwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pntwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pswiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308137][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308138]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:१९, ५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25566983 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ORES|ORES]], the revision evaluation service, is now using a new open-source infrastructure on all wikis except for English Wikipedia and Wikidata. These two will follow this week. If you notice any unusual results from the Recent Changes filters that are related to ORES (for example, &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-damaging-title}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:ores-rcfilters-goodfaith-title}}&quot;), please [[mw:Talk:Machine Learning|report them]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342115]
* When you are logged in on one Wikimedia wiki and visit a different Wikimedia wiki, the system tries to log you in there automatically. This has been unreliable for a long time. You can now visit the login page to make the system try extra hard. If you feel that made logging in better or worse than it used to be, your feedback is appreciated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326281]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Technical decision making|Technical Decision-Making Forum Retrospective]] team invites anyone involved in the technical field of Wikimedia projects to signup to and join [[mw:Technical decision making/Listening Sessions|one of their listening sessions]] on 13 September. Another date will be scheduled later. The goal is to improve the technical decision-making processes.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] As part of the changes for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2022/Better diff handling of paragraph splits|Better diff handling of paragraph splits]] wishlist proposal, the inline switch widget in diff pages is being rolled out this week to all wikis. The inline switch will allow viewers to toggle between a unified inline or two-column diff wikitext format. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336716]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on 20 September. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* The Enterprise API is launching a new feature called &quot;[http://breakingnews-beta.enterprise.wikimedia.com/ breaking news]&quot;. Currently in BETA, this attempts to identify likely &quot;newsworthy&quot; topics as they are currently being written about in any Wikipedia. Your help is requested to improve the accuracy of its detection model, especially on smaller language editions, by recommending templates or identifiable editing patterns. See more information at [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/Breaking news|the documentation page]] on MediaWiki or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise/FAQ#What is Breaking News|the FAQ]] on Meta.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:५३, १२ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25589064 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki now has a [[mw:Stable interface policy/frontend|stable interface policy for frontend code]] that more clearly defines how we deprecate MediaWiki code and wiki-based code (e.g. gadgets and user scripts). Thank you to everyone who contributed to the content and discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346467][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344079]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.27|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on September 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This is planned at 14:00 UTC.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345263]
* All wikis will have a link in the sidebar that provides a short URL of that page, using the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267921]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The team investigating the Graph Extension posted [[mw:Extension:Graph/Plans#Proposal|a proposal for reenabling it]] and they need your input.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:०५, १९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25623533 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Vector 2022 skin will now remember the pinned/unpinned status for the Table of Contents for all logged-out users. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316060]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.28|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-09-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; modules are now deprecated as part of the move to Vue.js and Codex. There is a [[mw:Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. More [[phab:T346468|details are available in the task]] and your questions are welcome there.
* Gadget definitions will have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;namespaces&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of namespace IDs. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages in the given namespaces.

'''Future changes'''
* New variables will be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]]: &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_groups&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;global_account_editcount&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. They are available only when an account is being created. You can use them to prevent blocking automatic creation of accounts when users with many edits elsewhere visit your wiki for the first time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345632][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Rules_format]

'''Meetings'''
* You can join the next meeting with the Wikipedia mobile apps teams. During the meeting, we will discuss the current features and future roadmap. The meeting will be on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1698426015 27 October at 17:00 (UTC)]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Office_Hours#October_2023|details and how to join]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:३६, २६ सेप्टेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25655264 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-advancedrendering|user preference]] for &quot;{{int:tog-forcesafemode}}&quot;. This setting will make pages load without including any on-wiki JavaScript or on-wiki stylesheet pages. It can be useful for debugging broken JavaScript gadgets. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342347]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Gadget definitions now have a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Options|new &quot;&lt;var&gt;contentModels&lt;/var&gt;&quot; option]]. The option takes a list of page content models, like &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;wikitext&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;css&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Gadgets that use this option will only load on pages with the given content models.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.29|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-03|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-04|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-05|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Vector 2022 skin will no longer use the custom styles and scripts of Vector legacy (2010). The change will be made later this year or in early 2024. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|how to adjust the CSS and JS pages on your wiki]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T331679]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:१२, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25686930 --&gt;

== ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता ==

&lt;div style=&quot;color:#c9c6bd; box-shadow: 0 20px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.900); border-radius: 20px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;position: relative; background: #DC143C; width: 100%; padding:5px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size: 36px; margin-top: 15px;margin-left: 26px; font-family: 'Verdana'; line-height: 1.5em;&quot;&gt;नमस्ते, &lt;span style=&quot;color: #ebe6d8&quot;&gt;'''{{safesubst:&lt;noinclude /&gt;BASEPAGENAME}}'''ज्यू!&lt;/span&gt; तपाईंलाई नयाँ '''{{Uline|c=#ebe6d8|{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगिता}}}}'''मा सामेल हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गरिन्छ&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:20px; color: #c9c6bd; padding: 20px;margin-left: 26px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;सबैभन्दा पहिले, नेपाली विकिपिडियामा योगदान गर्नुभएकोमा धन्यवाद। तपाईंलाई नयाँ ५०,००० लेख प्रतियोगितामा सामेल हुन आमन्त्रित गरिएको छ, एउटा चुनौतीपूर्ण प्रतिस्पर्धा जसले लगभग १७,८०० लेख सिर्जनाहरू गर्ने लक्ष्य राखेको छ। सबै विषयहरूका लेखहरू स्वागत छन्। यदि इच्छुक हुनुहुन्छ भने '''{{Coloredlink|#ebe6d8|विकिपिडिया:५० हजार लेखहरू|यो पृष्ठमा}}''' सामेल हुनुहोस् र योगदान गर्न सुरु गर्नुहोस्!&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
धन्यवाद - [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १९:१९, ३ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:बडा काजी@newiki using the list at https://ne.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%AD&amp;oldid=1171544 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33291|Fon]] ([[w:fon:|&lt;code&gt;w:fon:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347935]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/wmf.30|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-10|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-11|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-12|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-warwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-wowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xalwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xhwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-xmfwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-yowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zeawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zh_min_nanwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zuwiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308139]
* At some wikis, newcomers are suggested images from Commons to add to articles without any images. Starting on Tuesday, newcomers at these wikis will be able to add images to unillustrated article sections. The specific wikis are listed under &quot;Images recommendations&quot; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment table|at the Growth team deployment table]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add an image|learn more about this feature.]] [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345940]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In the mobile web skin (Minerva) the CSS ID &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#page-actions&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-views&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This change is to make it consistent with other skins and to improve support for gadgets and extensions in the mobile skin. A few gadgets may need to be updated; there are [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348267 details and search-links in the task].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २०:२४, ९ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25712895 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: September 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 7 • September 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference|Inauguration of the Kent Wiki Club at the Wikimania 2023 Conference]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs|Letter Magic: Supercharging Your WikiEducation Programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa|Réseau @pprendre (Learning Network) : The Initiative for Educational Change in Francophone West Africa]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools|WikiChallenge Ecoles d’Afrique closes its 5th edition with 13 winning schools]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia|WikiConecta: connecting Brazilian university professors and Wikimedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2023/Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education |Wikimedia Germany launches interactive event series Open Source AI in Education]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १०:४६, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== Image Description Month in India Campaign ==

Dear Wikimedian,

A2K has conducted an online activity or campaign which is an ongoing Image Description Month in India description-a-thon, a collaborative effort known as [[:m:Image Description Month|Image Description Month]]. This initiative aims to enhance image-related content across Wikimedia projects and is currently underway, running from October 1st to October 31st, 2023. Throughout this event, our focus remains centered on three primary areas: Wikipedia, Wikidata, and Wikimedia Commons. We have outlined several tasks, including the addition of captions to images on Wikipedia, the association of images with relevant Wikidata items, and improvements in the organization, categorization, and captions of media files on Wikimedia Commons.

To participate, please visit our dedicated [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Image Description Month in India|event page]]. We encourage you to sign up on the respective meta page and generously contribute your time and expertise to make essential and impactful edits. 

Should you have any questions or require further information, please do not hesitate to reach out to me at nitesh@cis-india.org or [[User talk:Nitesh (CIS-A2K)|Nitesh (CIS-A2K)]].

Your active participation will play a significant role in enriching Wikimedia content, making it more accessible and informative for users worldwide. Join us in this ongoing journey of improvement and collaboration. Regards [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५४, १० अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|Unified login]] system's edge login should now be fixed for some browsers (Chrome, Edge, Opera). This means that if you visit a new sister project wiki, you should be logged in automatically without the need to click &quot;Log in&quot; or reload the page. Feedback on whether it's working for you is welcome. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347889]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Interface/Edit_notice|Edit notices]] are now available within the MobileFrontend/Minerva skin. This feature was inspired by [[w:en:Wikipedia:EditNoticesOnMobile|the gadget on English Wikipedia]]. See more details in [[phab:T316178|T316178]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-17|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-18|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-19|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.41/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* In 3 weeks, in the Vector 2022 skin, code related to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#p-namespaces&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; that was deprecated one year ago will be removed. If you notice tools that should appear next to the &quot;Discussion&quot; tab are then missing, please tell the gadget's maintainers to see [[phab:T347907|instructions in the Phabricator task]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:३२, १७ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* There is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language engineering/Newsletter/2023/October|Language and internationalization newsletter]], written quarterly. It contains updates on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects, and related support work.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Source map support has been enabled on all wikis. When you open the debugger in your browser's developer tools, you should be able to see the unminified JavaScript source code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T47514]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-24|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-25|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-26|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:०१, २४ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The Structured Content team, as part of its project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]], made some UX improvements to the upload step of choosing own vs not own work ([[phab:T347590|T347590]]), as well as to the licensing step for own work ([[phab:T347756|T347756]]).
* The Design Systems team has released version 1.0.0 of [[wmdoc:codex/latest/|Codex]], the new design system for Wikimedia. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design_Systems_Team/Announcing_Codex_1.0|full announcement about the release of Codex 1.0.0]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-10-31|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* Listings on category pages are sorted on each wiki for that language using a [[:w:en:International Components for Unicode|library]]. For a brief period on 2 November, changes to categories will not be sorted correctly for many languages. This is because the developers are upgrading to a new version of the library. They will then use a script to fix the existing categories. This will take a few hours or a few days depending on how big the wiki is. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Technical Operations/ICU announcement|read more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T345561][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T267145] 
* Starting November 1, the impact module (Special:Impact) will be upgraded by the Growth team. The new impact module shows newcomers more data regarding their impact on the wiki. It was tested by a few wikis during the last few months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336203]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans#Roadmap|a proposed plan]] for re-enabling the Graph Extension. You can help by reviewing this proposal and [[mw:Extension_talk:Graph/Plans#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20231020221600-Update:_20_October|sharing what you think about it]].
* The WMF is working on making it possible for administrators to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration_2.0|edit MediaWiki configuration directly]]. This is similar to previous work on Special:EditGrowthConfig. [[phab:T349757|A technical RfC is running until November 08, where you can provide feedback.]] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:०६, ३१ अक्टोबर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, the default font-size of a number of navigational elements (tagline, tools menu, navigational links, and more) has been increased slightly to match the font size used in page content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T346062]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, there was a problem displaying some recent edits on [https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=dblists/s5.dblist a few wikis], for 1-6 hours. The edits were saved but not immediately shown. This was due to a database problem. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350443]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).
* The Growth team will reassign newcomers from former mentors to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Structured mentor list|the currently active mentors]]. They have also changed the notification language to be more user-friendly. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T330071][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327493]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:५१, ७ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: October 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Volume 12 • Issue 8 • October 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye|3 Generations at Wikipedia Education Program in Türkiye]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community|CBSUA Launches Wiki Education in Partnership with PhilWiki Community and Bikol Wikipedia Community]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan|Celebrating Wikidata’s Birthday in Elbasan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci|Edu Wiki Camp 2023 - together in Sremski Karlovci]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU|PhilWiki Community promotes language preservation and cultural heritage advocacies at ADNU]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab|PunjabWiki Education Program: A Wikipedia Adventure in Punjab]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities|WikiConference on Education ignites formation of Wikimedia communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi|Wikimedia Estonia talked about education at CEE meeting in Tbilisi]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book|Wikimedia in Brazil is going to be a book]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2023/Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023|Wikipedian Editor Project: Arabic Sounds Workshop 2023]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:१९, ८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Four new wikis have been created:
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q7598268|Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[w:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;w:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350216]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q35159|Dagaare]] ([[w:dga:|&lt;code&gt;w:dga:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350218]
** a Wikipedia in [[d:Q33017|Toba Batak]] ([[w:bbc:|&lt;code&gt;w:bbc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350320]
** a Wikiquote in [[d:Q33151|Banjar]] ([[q:bjn:|&lt;code&gt;q:bjn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350217]

'''Problems'''
* Last week, users who previously visited Meta-Wiki or Wikimedia Commons and then became logged out on those wikis could not log in again. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350695]
* Last week, some pop-up dialogs and menus were shown with the wrong font size. The problem is now resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T350544]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]).

'''Future changes'''
* Reference Previews are coming to many wikis as a default feature. They are popups for references, similar to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]]. [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|You can opt out]] of seeing them. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews. [[phab:T282999|Deployment]] is planned for November 22, 2023. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Canary (also known as heartbeat) events will be produced into [https://stream.wikimedia.org/?doc#/streams Wikimedia event streams] from December 11. Streams users are advised to filter out these events, by discarding all events where &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;meta.domain == &quot;canary&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Updates to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] or [https://github.com/ChlodAlejandro/wikimedia-streams wikimedia-streams] will discard these events by default. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T266798]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:३७, १४ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25859263 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on Wednesday, a new set of Wikipedias will get &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot; ({{int:project-localized-name-quwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rmywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_rupwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-roa_tarawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ruewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rwwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sahwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-satwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-scowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sdwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-shwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-siwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-skwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-slwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-smwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-srnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-stqwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-suwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-szlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tcywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tetwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tgwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-towiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tpiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ttwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-twwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tyvwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-udmwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ugwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-uzwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vecwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vepwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vlswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-vowiki/en}}). This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to more Wikipedias]]. The communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|configure how this feature works locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308141][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308142][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308143] 
* The Vector 2022 skin will have some minor visual changes to drop-down menus, column widths, and more. These changes were added to four Wikipedias last week. If no issues are found, these changes will proceed to all wikis this week. These changes will make it possible to add new menus for readability and dark mode. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop_Improvements/Updates#November_2023:_Visual_changes,_more_deployments,_and_shifting_focus|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347711]

'''Future changes'''
* There is [[mw:Extension talk:Graph/Plans#Update: 15 November|an update on re-enabling the Graph Extension]]. To speed up the process, Vega 2 will not be supported and only [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T335325 some protocols] will be available at launch. You can help by sharing what you think about the plan.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:४०, २१ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25884616 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-11-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] MediaWiki's JavaScript system will now allow &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax in gadgets and user scripts. Gadget authors should remember that users' browsers may not support it, so it should be used appropriately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T343499]
* The deployment of &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add_a_link|Add a link]]&quot; announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/47|last week]] was postponed. It will resume this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:५४, २८ नोभेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25906379 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The spacing between paragraphs on Vector 2022 has been changed from 7px to 14px to match the size of the text. This will make it easier to distinguish paragraphs from sentences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T351754]
* The &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-dialog-meta-categories-defaultsort-label}}&quot; feature in VisualEditor is working again. You no longer need to switch to source editing to edit &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DEFAULTSORT:...}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T337398]

'''Changes later this week'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* On 6 December, people who have the enabled the preference for &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot; will notice the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|talk page usability improvements]] appear on pages that include the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NEWSECTIONLINK__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; magic word. If you notice any issues, please [[phab:T352232|share them with the team on Phabricator]].

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge [[wikitech:News/Toolforge Grid Engine deprecation|Grid Engine shutdown process]] will start on December 14. Maintainers of [[toolforge:grid-deprecation|tools that still use this old system]] should plan to migrate to Kubernetes, or tell the team your plans on Phabricator in the task about your tool, before that date. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/VIWWQKMSQO2ED3TVUR7KPPWRTOBYBVOA/]
* Communities using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions|Structured Discussions]] are being contacted regarding [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|the upcoming deprecation of Structured Discussions]]. You can read more about this project, and share your comments, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|on the project's page]].

'''Events'''
* Registration &amp; Scholarship applications are now open for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2024|Wikimedia Hackathon 2024]] that will take place from 3–5 May in Tallinn, Estonia. Scholarship applications are open until 5 January 2024.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:३५, ५ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25914435 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikimedia Commons, there are some minor user-interface improvements for the &quot;choosing own vs not own work&quot; step in the UploadWizard. This is part of the Structured Content team's project of [[:commons:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements|improving UploadWizard on Commons]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352707][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352709]

'''Problems'''
* There was a problem showing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Newcomer homepage|Newcomer homepage]] feature with the &quot;impact module&quot; and their page-view graphs, for a few days in early December. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352352][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352349]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=]] The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/796964 2023 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 5 January 2024, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:December_2023_Developer_Satisfaction_Survey|privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:५७, १२ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25945501 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: November 2023 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 12 • Issue 9 • November 2023&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2023/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education|4th WikiUNAM Editathon: Community knowledge strengthens education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo|Edit-a-thon at the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Santa Casa de São Paulo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia|EduWiki Nigeria Community: Embracing Digital Learning Through Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia|Evening Wikischool offers Czech seniors further education on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities|Expansion of Wikipedia Education Program through Student Associations at Iranian Universities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania |Exploring Wikipedia through Wikiclubs and the Wikeys board game in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/First anniversary of the game Wikeys|First anniversary of the game Wikeys]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Involve visiting students in education programs|Involve visiting students in education programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing|Iranian Students as Wikipedians: Using Wikipedia to Teach Research Methodology and Encyclopedic Writing]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy|Kiwix4Schools Nigeria: Bridging Knowledge Gap through Digital Literacy]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin|Lire wikipedia en classe à Djougou au Bénin]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach|Tyap Wikimedians Zaria Outreach]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/Art Outreach at Aje Compreshensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland|Art Outreach at Aje Comprehensive Senior High School 1st November 2023, Lagos Mainland]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2023/PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment|PhilWiki Community holds a meet-up to advocate women empowerment]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:०९, १४ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=25919737 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2023-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News'''
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 8 January 2024 because of [[w:en:Christmas and holiday season|the holidays]].

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2023-12-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). There is no new MediaWiki version next week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting December 18, it won't be possible to activate Structured Discussions on a user's own talk page using the Beta feature. The Beta feature option remains available for users who want to deactivate Structured Discussions. This is part of [[mw:Structured Discussions/Deprecation|Structured Discussions' deprecation work]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248309] 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] There will be full support for redirects in the Module namespace. The &quot;Move Page&quot; feature will leave an appropriate redirect behind, and such redirects will be appropriately recognized by the software (e.g. hidden from [[{{#special:UnconnectedPages}}]]). There will also be support for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Renaming or moving modules|manual redirects]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T120794]

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The MediaWiki JavaScript documentation is moving to a new format. During the move, you can read the old docs using [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/REL1_41/js/ version 1.41]. Feedback about [https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/js/ the new site] is welcome on the [[mw:Talk:JSDoc_WMF_theme|project talk page]].
* The Wishathon is a new initiative that encourages collaboration across the Wikimedia community to develop solutions for wishes collected through the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]. The first community Wishathon will take place from 15–17 March. If you are interested in a project proposal as a user, developer, designer, or product lead, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WishathonMarch2024|register for the event and read more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2023-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:०३, १८ डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=25959059 --&gt;

== [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]]बाट प्रश्न (००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३) ==

नमस्कार 
profile मा आफ्नो फोटो कसरी राख्ने --[[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ००:०५, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)
  नमस्कार [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] तपाइले विकिमीडिया कमन्स  [[यहाँ|https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard]] आफ्नो तस्विरहरु अपलोड जानुपर्ने छ र तपाईको आवश्यकता अनुसार [[file:filename]] राखी प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]] ([[User talk:Nawaraj Ghimire|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२०, २० डिसेम्बर २०२३ (नेपाली समय)

:Ok [[User:Kulchandra pyakurel|Kulchandra pyakurel]] ([[User talk:Kulchandra pyakurel|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:२४, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-02&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [https://mediawiki2latex.wmflabs.org/ mediawiki2latex] is a tool that converts wiki content into the formats of LaTeX, PDF, ODT, and EPUB. The code now runs many times faster due to recent improvements. There is also an optional Docker container you can [[b:de:Benutzer:Dirk_Hünniger/wb2pdf/install#Using_Docker|install]] on your local machine.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The way that Random pages are selected has been updated. This will slowly reduce the problem of some pages having a lower chance of appearing. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T309477]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.13|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/02|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W02&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:०५, ९ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26026251 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Pages that use the JSON [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:ContentHandler|contentmodel]] will now use tabs instead of spaces for auto-indentation. This will significantly reduce the page size. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326065]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] and personal user scripts may now use JavaScript syntax introduced in ES6 (also known as &quot;ES2015&quot;) and ES7 (&quot;ES2016&quot;). MediaWiki validates the source code to protect other site functionality from syntax errors, and to ensure scripts are valid in all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Compatibility#Browsers|supported browsers]]. Previously, Gadgets could use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;requiresES6&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option. This option is no longer needed and will be removed in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T75714]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|Bot passwords]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|owner-only OAuth consumers]] can now be restricted to allow editing only specific pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T349957]
* You can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Thanks|thank]] edits made by bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341388]
* An update on the status of the Community Wishlist Survey for 2024 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Future Of The Wishlist/January 4, 2024 Update|has been published]]. Please read and give your feedback.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.14|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting on January 17, it will not be possible to login to Wikimedia wikis from some specific old versions of the Chrome browser (versions 51–66, released between 2016 and 2018). Additionally, users of iOS 12, or Safari on Mac OS 10.14, may need to login to each wiki separately. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344791]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;jquery.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module was deprecated and replaced with the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki.cookie&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; module last year. A script has now been run to replace any remaining uses, and this week the temporary alias will be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354966]

'''Future changes'''
* Wikimedia Deutschland is working to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. They are looking for people who are interested in participating in [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ individual video calls for user research in January and February].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५८, १६ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26074460 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* A bug in UploadWizard prevented linking to the userpage of the uploader when uploading. It has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354529]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.15|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:४९, २३ जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26096197 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting Monday January 29, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they are looking for, even if this comment was moved elsewhere. This will affect all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. You can read more about this change [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/ on Diff] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk_pages_permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]].&lt;!-- The Diff post will be published on Monday morning UTC--&gt; [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302011]
* There are some improvements to the CAPTCHA to make it harder for spam bots and scripts to bypass it. If you have feedback on this change, please comment on [[phab:T141490|the task]]. Staff are monitoring metrics related to the CAPTCHA, as well as secondary metrics such as account creations and edit counts.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.16|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-01-31|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-01|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] On February 1, a link will be added to the &quot;Tools&quot; menu to download a [[w:en:QR code|QR code]] that links to the page you are viewing. There will also be a new [[{{#special:QrCode}}]] page to create QR codes for any Wikimedia URL. This addresses the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Mobile and apps/Add ability to share QR code for a page in any Wikimedia project|#19 most-voted wish]] from the [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Results|2023 Community Wishlist Survey]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329973]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] which only work in some skins have sometimes used the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;targets&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option to limit where you can use them. This will stop working this week. You should use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;skins&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; option instead. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328497]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:१६, ३० जनवरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26137870 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*The mobile site history pages now use the same HTML as the desktop history pages. If you hear of any problems relating to mobile history usage please point them to [[phab:T353388|the phabricator task]].
*On most wikis, admins can now block users from making specific actions. These actions are: uploading files, creating new pages, moving (renaming) pages, and sending thanks. The goal of this feature is to allow admins to apply blocks that are adequate to the blocked users' activity. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community health initiative/Partial blocks#action-blocks|Learn more about &quot;action blocks&quot;]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T242541][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T280531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.17|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-06|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-07|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-08|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Talk pages permalinks that included diacritics and non-Latin script were malfunctioning. This issue is fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356199]

'''Future changes'''
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#24WPs|24 Wikipedias]] with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference_Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] as a default gadget are encouraged to remove that default flag. This would make [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference_Previews|Reference Previews]] the new default for reference popups, leading to a more consistent experience across wikis. For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#46WPs|46 Wikipedias]] with less than 4 interface admins, the change is already scheduled for mid-February, [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference Previews to become the default for previewing references on more wikis.|unless there are concerns]]. The older Reference Tooltips gadget will still remain usable and will override this feature, if it is available on your wiki and you have enabled it in your settings. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Reference_Previews_to_become_the_default_for_previewing_references_on_more_wikis][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355312]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:०७, ६ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26180971 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: January 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 1 • January 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia|Cross-Continental Wikimedia Activities: A Dialogue between Malaysia and Estonia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students|Czech programme SWW in 2023 – how have we managed to engage students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania|Extending Updates on Wikipedia in Education – Elbasan, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language|Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom Teacher’s guide – now available in Bulgarian language]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Summer students at Auckland Museum|Summer students at Auckland Museum]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project|WikiDunong: EduWiki Initiatives in the Philippines Project]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops|Wikimedia Armenia's Educational Workshops]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2024/Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment|Wikimedia Foundation publishes its first Child Rights Impact Assessment]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १५:४७, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/This_Month_in_Education&amp;oldid=26091771 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
*  The [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split experiment]] is working and loaded onto 3 test servers. The team in charge is testing the split's impact and requires feedback from WDQS users through the UI or programmatically in different channels. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata_talk:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_graph_split][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356773][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/User:Sannita_(WMF)] Users' feedback will validate the impact of various use cases and workflows around the Wikidata Query service. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:SPARQL_query_service/WDQS_backend_update/October_2023_scaling_update][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikidata_Query_Service/User_Manual#Federation]

'''Problems'''
*There was a bug that affected the appearance of visited links when using mobile device to access wiki sites. It made the links appear black; [[phab:T356928|this issue]] is fixed.  

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.18|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-13|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-14|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-15|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] As work continues on the grid engine deprecation,[https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation] tools on the grid engine will be stopped starting on February 14th, 2024. If you have tools actively migrating you can ask for an extension so they are not stopped. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ११:३४, १३ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26223994 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* If you have the &quot;{{int:Tog-enotifwatchlistpages}}&quot; option enabled, edits by bot accounts no longer trigger notification emails. Previously, only minor edits would not trigger the notification emails. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356984]
* There are changes to how user and site scripts load for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022| Vector 2022]] on specific wikis. The changes impacted the following Wikis: all projects with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector|Vector legacy]] as the default skin, Wikivoyage, and Wikibooks. Other wikis will be affected over the course of the next three months. Gadgets are not impacted. If you have been affected or want to minimize the impact on your project, see [[Phab:T357580| this ticket]]. Please coordinate and take action proactively.
*Newly auto-created accounts (the accounts you get when you visit a new wiki) now have the same local notification preferences as users who freshly register on that wiki. It is effected in four notification types listed in the [[phab:T353225|task's description]].
*The maximum file size when using [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Upload_Wizard|Upload Wizard]] is now 5 GiB. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191804]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.19|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-20|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-21|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-22|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Selected tools on the grid engine have been [[wikitech:News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation|stopped]] as we prepare to shut down the grid on March 14th, 2024. The tool's code and data have not been deleted. If you are a maintainer and you want your tool re-enabled reach out to the [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge/About_Toolforge#Communication_and_support|team]]. Only tools that have asked for extension are still running on the grid.
* The CSS &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/filter filter]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; property can now be used in HTML &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;style&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attributes in wikitext. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308160]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २१:२२, १९ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26254282 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile|mobile visual editor]] is now the default editor for users who never edited before, at a small group of wikis. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor_on_mobile/VE_mobile_default#A/B_test_results| Research ]] shows that users using this editor are slightly more successful publishing the edits they started, and slightly less successful publishing non-reverted edits. Users who defined the wikitext editor as their default on desktop will get the wikitext editor on mobile for their first edit on mobile as well. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352127]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/ResourceLoader/Core modules#mw.config|mw.config]] value &lt;code&gt;wgGlobalGroups&lt;/code&gt; now only contains groups that are active in the wiki. Scripts no longer have to check whether the group is active on the wiki via an API request. A code example of the above is: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;if (/globalgroupname/.test(mw.config.get(&quot;wgGlobalGroups&quot;)))&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356008]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.20|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-27|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-28|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-02-29|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The right to change [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Tags|edit tags]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;changetags&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will be removed from users in Wikimedia sites, keeping it by default for admins and bots only. Your community can ask to retain the old configuration on your wiki before this change happens. Please indicate in [[phab:T355639|this ticket]] to keep it for your community before the end of March 2024.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:०८, २७ फेब्रुअरी २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26294125 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Special:Book&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; page (as well as the associated &quot;Create a book&quot; functionality) provided by the old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Collection|Collection extension]] has been removed from all Wikisource wikis, as it was broken. This does not affect the ability to download normal books, which is provided by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Wikisource|Wikisource extension]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358437]
* [[m:Wikitech|Wikitech]] now uses the next-generation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] wikitext parser by default to generate all pages in the Talk namespace.  Report any problems on the [[mw:Talk:Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Known_Issues|Known Issues discussion page]]. You can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration]] extension to control the use of Parsoid; see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|ParserMigration help documentation]] for more details.
* Maintenance on [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org etherpad] is completed. If you encounter any issues, please indicate in [[phab:T316421|this ticket]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=| Advanced item]] [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets|Gadgets]] allow interface admins to create custom features with CSS and JavaScript. The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Gadget_definition&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespaces and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;gadgets-definition-edit&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; user right were reserved for an experiment in 2015, but were never used. These were visible on Special:Search and Special:ListGroupRights. The unused namespaces and user rights are now removed. No pages are moved, and no changes need to be made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T31272]
* A usability improvement to the &quot;Add a citation&quot; in Wikipedia workflow has been made, the insert button was moved to the popup header. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354847]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.21|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-05|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-06|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-07|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
*  All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233]
* The HTML markup of headings and section edit links will be changed later this year to improve accessibility. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Heading_HTML_changes|Heading HTML changes]] for details. The new markup will be the same as in the new Parsoid wikitext parser. You can test your gadget or stylesheet with the new markup if you add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;?useparsoid=1&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to your URL ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Selecting_a_parser_using_a_URL_query_string|more info]]) or turn on Parsoid read views in your user options ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration#Enabling_via_user_preference|more info]]).
*

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:३२, ५ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26329807 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.22|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-12|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-13|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-14|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* After consulting with various communities, the line height of the text on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] will be increased to its previous value of 1.65. Different options for typography can also be set using the options in the menu, as needed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358498]
*The active link color in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva]] will be changed to provide more consistency with our other platforms and best practices. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358516]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Structured data|Structured data on Commons]] will no longer ask whether you want to leave the page without saving. This will prevent the “information you’ve entered may not be saved” popups from appearing when no information have been entered. It will also make file pages on Commons load faster in certain cases. However, the popups will be hidden even if information has indeed been entered. If you accidentally close the page before saving the structured data you entered, that data will be lost. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312315]

'''Future changes'''
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at 14:00 UTC. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26374013 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The notice &quot;Language links are at the top of the page&quot; that appears in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]] main menu has been removed now that users have learned the new location of the Language switcher. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T353619]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IP_Editing:_Privacy_Enhancement_and_Abuse_Mitigation/IP_Info_feature|IP info feature]] displays data from Spur, an IP addresses database. Previously, the only data source for this feature was MaxMind. Now, IP info is more useful for patrollers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341395]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The Toolforge Grid Engine services have been shut down after the final migration process from Grid Engine to Kubernetes. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Obsolete:Toolforge/Grid][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/Toolforge_Grid_Engine_deprecation][https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2022/03/14/toolforge-and-grid-engine/]
* Communities can now customize the default reasons for undeleting a page by creating [[MediaWiki:Undelete-comment-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326746]

'''Problems'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE_Technical_Wishes/RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] is an interface to interactively browse a page's history. Users in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider/Developing_a_RTL-accessible_feature_in_MediaWiki_-_what_we%27ve_learned_while_creating_the_RevisionSlider|right-to-left]] languages reported RevisionSlider reacting wrong to mouse clicks. This should be fixed now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352169]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.23|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-19|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-21|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 20. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1710943200 14:00 UTC]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358233][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server_switch]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २३:२५, १८ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: February 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 2 • February 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February|2 new courses in Students Write Wikipedia Starting this February]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/More two wiki-education partnerships|More two wiki-education partnerships]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico|Open Education Week 2024 in Mexico]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows|Reading Wikipedia in Bolivia, the community grows]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization|Wiki Education Philippines promotes OERs utilization]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna|Wiki Loves Librarians, Kaduna]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2024/Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP - Call for Papers Research track|Wiki Workshop 2024 CfP – Call for Papers Research track]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:२३, २१ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] An update was made on March 18th 2024 to how various projects load site, user JavaScript and CSS in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Vector/2022|Vector 2022 skin]]. A [[phab:T360384|checklist]] is provided for site admins to follow.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.24|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-26|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-27|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-03-28|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:४२, २६ मार्च २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26446209 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|reading accessibility]] beta feature will notice that the default line height for the standard and large text options has changed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359030]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.25|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-02|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-03|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-04|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has an annual plan. The annual plan decides what the Wikimedia Foundation will work on. You can now read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs#Draft Key Results|the draft key results]] for the Product and Technology department. They are suggestions for what results the Foundation wants from big technical changes from July 2024 to June 2025. You can [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|comment on the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०९:२१, २ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26462933 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Web browsers can use tools called [[:w:en:Browser extension|extensions]]. There is now a Chrome extension called [[m:Future Audiences/Experiment:Citation Needed|Citation Needed]] which you can use to see if an online statement is supported by a Wikipedia article. This is a small experiment to see if Wikipedia can be used this way. Because it is a small experiment, it can only be used in Chrome in English.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Wishlist item]] A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit Recovery|Edit Recovery]] feature has been added to all wikis, available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user preference]]. Once you enable it, your in-progress edits will be stored in your web browser, and if you accidentally close an editing window or your browser or computer crashes, you will be prompted to recover the unpublished text. Please leave any feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Edit-recovery feature|project talk page]]. This was the #8 wish in the 2023 Community Wishlist Survey.
* Initial results of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] experiments [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#4_April_2024|have been published]]. Edit Check is now deployed as a default feature at [[phab:T342930#9538364|the wikis that tested it]]. [[mw:Talk:Edit check|Let us know]] if you want your wiki to be part of the next deployment of Edit check. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T342930][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361727]
* Readers using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:Minerva Neue|Minerva skin]] on mobile will notice there has been an improvement in the line height across all typography settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359029]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/wmf.26|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-09|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-10|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-11|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.42/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* New accounts and logged-out users will get the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|visual editor]] as their default editor on mobile. This deployment is made at all wikis except for the English Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361134]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:२२, ९ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Problems'''
* Between 2 April and 8 April, on wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|Flagged Revisions]], the &quot;{{Int:tag-mw-reverted}}&quot; tag was not applied to undone edits. In addition, page moves, protections and imports were not autoreviewed. This problem is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361918][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361940]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.1|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-16|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-17|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-18|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#DEFAULTSORT|Default category sort keys]] will now affect categories added by templates placed in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite|footnotes]]. Previously footnotes used the page title as the default sort key even if a different default sort key was specified (category-specific sort keys already worked). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40435]
* A new variable &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;page_last_edit_age&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will be added to [[Special:AbuseFilter|abuse filters]]. It tells how many seconds ago the last edit to a page was made. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T269769]

'''Future changes'''
* Volunteer developers are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Four database fields will be removed from database replicas (including [[quarry:|Quarry]]). This affects only the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;abuse_filter_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; tables. Some queries might need to be updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361996]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:१४, १६ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26564838 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Starting this week, newcomers editing Wikipedia [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Positive reinforcement#Leveling up 3|will be encouraged]] to try structured tasks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary#Newcomer tasks|Structured tasks]] have been shown to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Personalized first day/Structured tasks/Add a link/Experiment analysis, December 2021|improve newcomer activation and retention]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348086]
* You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|nominate your favorite tools]] for the fifth edition of the Coolest Tool Award. Nominations will be open until May 10. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.2|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-23|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-24|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-25|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* This is the last warning that by the end of May 2024 the Vector 2022 skin will no longer share site and user scripts/styles with old Vector. For user-scripts that you want to keep using on Vector 2022, copy the contents of [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector.js]] to [[{{#special:MyPage}}/vector-2022.js]]. There are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features/Loading Vector 2010 scripts|more technical details]] available. Interface administrators who foresee this leading to lots of technical support questions may wish to send a mass message to your community, as was done on French Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362701]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:१३, २३ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26647188 --&gt;

== This Month in Education: March 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 3 • March 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna|Reading Wikipedia in the classroom, Kaduna]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand|Reading Wikipedia in Ukraine – the course for educators is now available on demand]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad|Wiki Movement Brazil will once again support the Brazilian Linguistics Olympiad]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2024/Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania|Wikipedia within the Education Setting in Albania]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:१३, २८ अप्रिल २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''

[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for the following wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hiwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-rowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-thwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}. These wikis participated to a test, where 50% of users got the new design, for one year. As this test [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability/Analysis|gave positive results]], the new design is deployed on these wikis as the default design. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at all wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341491]
* Seven new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[w:bew:|&lt;code&gt;w:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357866]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35708|Kusaal]] ([[w:kus:|&lt;code&gt;w:kus:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359757]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35513|Igala]] ([[w:igl:|&lt;code&gt;w:igl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361644]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q33541|Karakalpak]] ([[wikt:kaa:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:kaa:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362135]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9228|Burmese]] ([[s:my:|&lt;code&gt;s:my:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361085]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[s:ms:|&lt;code&gt;s:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363039]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q8108|Georgian]] ([[s:ka:|&lt;code&gt;s:ka:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363085]
* You can now [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Support#Early_access:_Watch_Message_Groups_on_Translatewiki.net watch message groups/projects] on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/translatewiki.net|Translatewiki.net]]. Initially, this feature will notify you of added or deleted messages in these groups. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348501]
* Dark mode is now available on all wikis, on mobile web for logged-in users who opt into the [[Special:MobileOptions|advanced mode]]. This is the early release of the feature. Technical editors are invited to [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ check for accessibility issues on wikis]. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|more detailed guidelines]].

'''Problems'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can use an alternative visual style without labels, by using &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mapstyle=&quot;osm&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. This wasn't working in previews, creating the wrong impression that it wasn't supported. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T362531]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.3|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-04-30|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-01|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-02|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder to vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear Wikimedian,

You are receiving this message because you previously participated in the UCoC process.

This is a reminder that the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) ends on May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] ०४:३८, ३ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
[[File:Talk_pages_default_look_(April_2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages changed for all wikis, except for Commons, Wikidata and most Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/18|a few]] have already received this design change). You can read the detail of the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt-out these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). The deployment will happen at remaining wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T352087][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Interface admins now have greater control over the styling of article components on mobile with the introduction of the &lt;code&gt;SiteAdminHelper&lt;/code&gt;. More information on how styles can be disabled can be found [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikimediaMessages#Site_admin_helper|at the extension's page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363932]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has added article body sections in JSON format and a curated short description field to the existing parsed Infobox. This expansion to the API is also available via Wikimedia Cloud Services. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/article-sections-and-description/]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.4|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-07|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-08|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-09|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you look at the Special:Log page, the first view is labelled &quot;All public logs&quot;, but it only shows some logs. This label will now say &quot;Main public logs&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T237729]

'''Future changes'''
* A new service will be built to replace [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Extension:Graph]]. Details can be found in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph/Plans|the latest update]] regarding this extension.
* Starting May 21, English Wikipedia and German Wikipedia will get the possibility to activate &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]]&quot;. This is part of the [[phab:T304110|progressive deployment of this tool to all Wikipedias]]. These communities can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Community configuration|activate and configure the feature locally]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T308144]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:३०, ६ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* On Wikisource there is a special page listing pages of works without corresponding scan images. Now you can use the new magic word &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;__EXPECTWITHOUTSCANS__&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; to exclude certain pages (list of editions or translations of works) from that list. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344214]
* If you use the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|user-preference]] &quot;{{int:tog-uselivepreview}}&quot;, then the template-page feature &quot;{{int:Templatesandbox-editform-legend}}&quot; will now also work without reloading the page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T136907]
* [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]] maps can now specify an alternative text via the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute. This is identical in usage to the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;alt=&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Syntax|image and gallery syntax]]. An exception for this feature is wikis like Wikivoyage where the miniature maps are interactive. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328137]
* The old [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|Guided Tour]] for the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Review Improvements/New filters for edit review|New Filters for Edit Review]]&quot; feature has been removed. It was created in 2017 to show people with older accounts how the interface had changed, and has now been seen by most of the intended people. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T217451]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.5|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-14|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-15|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-16|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The [[{{#special:search}}]] results page will now use CSS flex attributes, for better accessibility, instead of a table. If you have a gadget or script that adjusts search results, you should update your script to the new HTML structure. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T320295]

'''Future changes'''
* In the Vector 2022 skin, main pages will be displayed at full width (like special pages). The goal is to keep the number of characters per line large enough. This is related to the coming changes to typography in Vector 2022. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357706]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Two columns of the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:pagelinks table|pagelinks]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; database table (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) are being dropped soon. Users must use two columns of the new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;[[mw:special:MyLanguage/Manual:linktarget table|linktarget]]&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table instead (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_namespace&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_title&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). In your existing SQL queries:
*# Replace &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN linktarget&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;pl_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;lt_&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;ON&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; statement
*# Below that add &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;JOIN pagelinks ON lt_id = pl_target_id&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;
** See &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[phab:T222224]]&lt;/bdi&gt; for technical reasoning. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T222224][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T299947]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:४४, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: April 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 4 • April 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/EduWiki Updates From Uganda|EduWiki Updates From Uganda]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024|Good news from Bolivia: Reading Wikipedia Program continues in 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil|Hearing Health Project: Impactful partnership with Wiki Movement Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2024/Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project|Wikimedia Spain, Amical Wikimedia and the University of Valencia develop Wikipedia educational project]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०९:०५, १४ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, will now correctly delete pages which were moved to another title. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T43351]
* New changes have been made to the UploadWizard in Wikimedia Commons: the overall layout has been improved, by following new styling and spacing for the form and its fields; the headers and helper text for each of the fields was changed; the Caption field is now a required field, and there is an option for users to copy their caption into the media description. [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:WMF_support_for_Commons/Upload_Wizard_Improvements#Changes_to_%22Describe%22_workflow][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361049]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.6|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-21|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-22|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-23|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]]  The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading_HTML_changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It will change on 22 May in some skins (Timeless, Modern, CologneBlue, Nostalgia, and Monobook). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in all other skins. The developers are also considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:४९, २१ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Several bugs related to the latest updates to the UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons have been fixed. For more information, see [[:phab:T365107|T365107]] and [[:phab:T365119|T365119]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] In March 2024 a new [[mw:ResourceLoader/Core_modules#addPortlet|addPortlet]] API was added to allow gadgets to create new portlets (menus) in the skin. In certain skins this can be used to create dropdowns. Gadget developers are invited to try it and [[phab:T361661|give feedback]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Some CSS in the Minerva skin has been removed to enable easier community configuration. Interface editors should check the rendering on mobile devices for aspects related to the classes: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.collapsible&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.multicol&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.reflist&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.coordinates&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;.topicon&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. [[phab:T361659|Further details are available on replacement CSS]] if it is needed.

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.7|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-28|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-29|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-05-30|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* When you visit a wiki where you don't yet have a local account, local rules such as edit filters can sometimes prevent your account from being created. Starting this week, MediaWiki takes your global rights into account when evaluating whether you can override such local rules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316303]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:००, २८ मे २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26832205 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* It is now possible for local administrators to add new links to the bottom of the site Tools menu without JavaScript. [[mw:Manual:Interface/Sidebar#Add or remove toolbox sections|Documentation is available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6086]
* The message name for the definition of the tracking category of WikiHiero has changed from &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikhiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot; to &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MediaWiki:Wikihiero-usage-tracking-category&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/c/mediawiki/extensions/wikihiero/+/1035855]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q5317225|Kadazandusun]] ([[w:dtp:|&lt;code&gt;w:dtp:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365220]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.8|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-04|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-05|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-06|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Future changes'''
* Next week, on wikis with the Vector 2022 skin as the default, logged-out desktop users will be able to choose between different font sizes. The default font size will also be increased for them. This is to make Wikimedia projects easier to read. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-06 deployments|Learn more]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:२०, ४ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26844397 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* The software used to render SVG files has been updated to a new version, fixing many longstanding bugs in SVG rendering. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265549]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML used to render all headings [[mw:Heading HTML changes|is being changed to improve accessibility]]. It was changed last week in some skins (Vector legacy and Minerva). Please test gadgets on your wiki on these skins and [[phab:T13555|report any related problems]] so that they can be resolved before this change is made in Vector-2022. The developers are still considering the introduction of a [[phab:T337286|Gadget API for adding buttons to section titles]] if that would be helpful to tool creators, and would appreciate any input you have on that.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The HTML markup used for citations by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] changed last week. In places where Parsoid previously added the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class, Parsoid now also adds the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;reference-text&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; class for better compatibility with the legacy parser. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1036705]

'''Problems'''
* There was a bug with the Content Translation interface that caused the tools menus to appear in the wrong location. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366374]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.9|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-11|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-12|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-13|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The new version of MediaWiki includes another change to the HTML markup used for citations: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]] will now generate a &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-cite-backlink&quot;&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; wrapper for both named and unnamed references for better compatibility with the legacy parser. Interface administrators should verify that gadgets that interact with citations are compatible with the new markup. [[mw:Specs/HTML/2.8.0/Extensions/Cite/Announcement|More details are available]]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/1035809] 
* On multilingual wikis that use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;translate&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; system, there is a feature that shows potentially-outdated translations with a pink background until they are updated or confirmed. From this week, confirming translations will be logged, and there is a new user-right that can be required for confirming translations if the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requests it]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T49177]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:०५, ११ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: May 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 5 • May 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024|Albania - Georgia Wikimedia Cooperation 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan|Aleksandër Xhuvani University Editathon in Elbasan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia|Central Bicol State University of Agriculture LitFest features translation and article writing on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons|Empowering Youth Council in Bulqiza through editathons]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi|We left a piece of our hearts at Arhavi]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series |Wiki Movimento Brasil at Tech Week and Education Speaker Series]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2024/Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA|Wikimedia MKD trains new users in collaboration with MYLA]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:१५, १५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* People who attempt to add an external link in the visual editor will now receive immediate feedback if they attempt to link to a domain that a project has decided to block. Please see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#11_June_2024|Edit check]] for more details. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366751]
* The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CommunityConfiguration|Community Configuration extension]] is available [[testwiki:Special:CommunityConfiguration|on Test Wikipedia]]. This extension allows communities to customize specific features to meet their local needs. Currently only Growth features are configurable, but the extension will support other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community_configuration#Use_cases|Community Configuration use cases]] in the future. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T323811][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360954]
* The dark mode [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] is now available on category and help pages, as well as more special pages. There may be contrast issues. Please report bugs on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366370]

'''Problems'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] Cloud Services tools were not available for 25 minutes last week. This was caused by a faulty hardware cable in the data center. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Incidents/2024-06-11_WMCS_Ceph]
* Last week, styling updates were made to the Vector 2022 skin. This caused unforeseen issues with templates, hatnotes, and images. Changes to templates and hatnotes were reverted. Most issues with images were fixed. If you still see any, [[phab:T367463|report them here]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367480]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.10|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-18|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-19|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-20|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting June 18, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Edit Check]] will be deployed to [[phab:T361843|a new set of Wikipedias]]. This feature is intended to help newcomers and to assist edit-patrollers by inviting people who are adding new content to a Wikipedia article to add a citation when they do not do so themselves. During [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check#Reference_Check_A/B_Test|a test at 11 wikis]], the number of citations added [https://diff.wikimedia.org/?p=127553 more than doubled] when Reference Check was shown to people. Reference Check is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration|community configurable]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361843]&lt;!-- NOTE: THE DIFF BLOG WILL BE PUBLISHED ON MONDAY --&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mailing_lists|Mailing lists]] will be unavailable for roughly two hours on Tuesday 10:00–12:00 UTC. This is to enable migration to a new server and upgrade its software. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367521]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:३४, १८ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=26911987 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Editors will notice that there have been some changes to the background color of text in the diff view, and the color of the byte-change numbers, last week. These changes are intended to make text more readable in both light mode and dark mode, and are part of a larger effort to increase accessibility. You can share your comments or questions [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading|on the project talkpage]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T361717]
* The text colors that are used for visited-links, hovered-links, and active-links, were also slightly changed last week to improve their accessibility in both light mode and dark mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366515]

'''Problems'''
* You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|copy permanent links to talk page comments]] by clicking on a comment's timestamp. [[mw:Talk pages project/Permalinks|This feature]] did not always work when the topic title was very long and the link was used as a wikitext link. This has been fixed. Thanks to Lofhi for submitting the bug. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356196]

'''Changes later this week'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Recurrent item]] The [[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/wmf.11|new version]] of MediaWiki will be on test wikis and MediaWiki.org from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-25|en}}. It will be on non-Wikipedia wikis and some Wikipedias from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-26|en}}. It will be on all wikis from {{#time:j xg|2024-06-27|en}} ([[mw:MediaWiki 1.43/Roadmap|calendar]]). [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Train][https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]
* Starting 26 June, all talk pages messages' timestamps will become a link at English Wikipedia, making this feature available for you to use at all wikis. This link is a permanent link to the comment. It allows users to find the comment they were linked to, even if this comment has since been moved elsewhere. You can read more about this feature [[DiffBlog:/2024/01/29/talk-page-permalinks-dont-lose-your-threads/|on Diff]] or [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#Talk pages permalinking|on Mediawiki.org]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365974]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:१८, २५ जुन २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* Over the next three weeks, dark mode will become available for all users, both logged-in and logged-out, starting with the mobile web version. This fulfils one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey_2023/Reading/Dark_mode|top-requested community wishes]], and improves low-contrast reading and usage in low-light settings. As part of these changes, dark mode will also work on User-pages and Portals. There is more information in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility_for_reading/Updates#June_2024:_Typography_and_dark_mode_deployments,_new_global_preferences|the latest Web team update]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366364]
* Logged-in users can now set [[m:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering-skin-skin-prefs|global preferences for the text-size and dark-mode]], thanks to a combined effort across Foundation teams. This allows Wikimedians using multiple wikis to set up a consistent reading experience easily, for example by switching between light and dark mode only once for all wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341278] 
* If you use a very old web browser some features might not work on the Wikimedia wikis. This affects Internet Explorer 11 and versions of Chrome, Firefox and Safari older than 2016. This change makes it possible to use new [[d:Q46441|CSS]] features and to send less code to all readers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T288287][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Manual:How_to_make_a_MediaWiki_skin#Using_CSS_variables_for_supporting_different_themes_e.g._dark_mode]
* Wikipedia Admins can customize local wiki configuration options easily using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]]. Community Configuration was created to allow communities to customize how some features work, because each language wiki has unique needs. At the moment, admins can configure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature_summary|Growth features]] on their home wikis, in order to better recruit and retain new editors. More options will be provided in the coming months. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366458]
* Editors interested in language issues that are related to [[w:en:Unicode|Unicode standards]], can now discuss those topics at [[mw:Talk:WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|a new conversation space in MediaWiki.org]]. The Wikimedia Foundation is now a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/WMF membership with Unicode Consortium|member of the Unicode Consortium]], and the coordination group can collaboratively review the issues discussed and, where appropriate, bring them to the attention of the Unicode Consortium.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2891049|Mandailing]] ([[w:btm:|&lt;code&gt;w:btm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368038] 

'''Problems'''
* Editors can once again click on links within the visual editor's citation-preview, thanks to a bug fix by the Editing Team. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368119]

'''Future changes'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 2 weeks. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:४४, २ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* At the Wikimedia Foundation a new task force was formed to replace the disabled Graph with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project|more secure, easy to use, and extensible Chart]]. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Chart Project|subscribe to the newsletter]] to get notified about new project updates and other news about Chart.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension is now available on Meta-wiki, Igbo Wikipedia, and Swahili Wikipedia, and can be requested on your wiki. This extension helps in managing and making events more visible, giving Event organizers the ability to use tools like the Event registration tool. To learn more about the deployment status and how to request this extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status|CampaignEvents page on Meta-wiki]]. 
* Editors using the iOS Wikipedia app who have more than 50 edits can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits#Add an image|Add an Image]] feature. This feature presents opportunities for small but useful contributions to Wikipedia.
* Thank you to [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth/Celebration|all of the authors]] who have contributed to MediaWiki Core. As a result of these contributions, the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Contributor retention and growth|percentage of authors contributing more than 5 patches has increased by 25% since last year]], which helps ensure the sustainability of the platform for the Wikimedia projects.

'''Problems'''
* A problem with the color of the talkpage tabs always showing as blue, even for non-existent pages which should have been red, affecting the Vector 2022 skin, [[phab:T367982|has been fixed]]. 

'''Future changes'''
* The Trust and Safety Product team wants to introduce [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] with as little disruption to tools and workflows as possible. Volunteer developers, including gadget and user-script maintainers, are kindly asked to update the code of their tools and features to handle temporary accounts. The team has [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|created documentation]] explaining how to do the update. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/2024-04 CTA|Learn more]].

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 1 more week. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:१७, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: June 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 6 • June 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect|From a Language Teacher to a Library Support Staff: The Wikimedia Effect]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico|5th WikiEducation 2024 Conference in Mexico]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students|Lviv hosted a spring wikischool for Ukrainian high school students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024|First class of teachers graduated from Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy|Empowering Digital Citizenship: Unlocking the Power of Open Knowledge with Participants of the LIFE Legacy]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects |Wiki Movimento Brazil supports online and in-person courses and launches material to guide educators in using Wikimedia projects]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions|Where to find images for free? Webinar for librarians answered many questions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2024/Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration|Wikimedia MKD and University of Goce Delchev start a mutual collaboration]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १२:४३, ९ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Tech News survey'''
* Please [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/758713?lang=en help us to improve Tech News by taking this short survey]. The goal is to better meet the needs of the various types of people who read Tech News. The survey will be open for 3 more days. The survey is covered by [https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Tech_News_Survey_2024_Privacy_Statement this privacy statement]. Some translations are available.

'''Recent changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia developers can now officially continue to use both [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]], due to a June 24 decision by the Wikimedia Foundation to support software development on both platforms. Gerrit and GitLab are both code repositories used by developers to write, review, and deploy the software code that supports the MediaWiki software that the wiki projects are built on, as well as the tools used by editors to create and improve content. This decision will safeguard the productivity of our developers and prevent problems in code review from affecting our users. More details are available in the [[mw:GitLab/Migration status|Migration status]] page.
* The Wikimedia Foundation seeks applicants for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). This group will bring technical contributors and Wikimedia Foundation together to co-define a more resilient, future-proof technological platform. Council members will evaluate and consult on the movement's product and technical activities, so that we develop multi-generational projects. We are looking for a range of technical contributors across the globe, from a variety of Wikimedia projects. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal#Joining the PTAC as a technical volunteer|Please apply here by August 10]].
* Editors with rollback user-rights who use the Wikipedia App for Android can use the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Anti Vandalism|Edit Patrol]] features. These features include a new feed of Recent Changes, related links such as Undo and Rollback, and the ability to create and save a personal library of user talk messages to use while patrolling. If your wiki wants to make these features available to users who do not have rollback rights but have reached a certain edit threshold, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android#Contact us|you can contact the team]]. You can [[diffblog:2024/07/10/ِaddressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/|read more about this project on Diff blog]].
* Editors who have access to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/The_Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library]] can once again use non-open access content in SpringerLinks, after the Foundation [[phab:T368865|contacted]] them to restore access. You can read more about [[m:Tech/News/Recently_resolved_community_tasks|this and 21 other community-submitted tasks that were completed last week]]. 

'''Changes later this week'''
* This week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-07 deployments|dark mode will be available on a number of Wikipedias]], both desktop and mobile, for logged-in and logged-out users. Interface admins and user script maintainers are encouraged to check gadgets and user scripts in the dark mode, to find any hard-coded colors and fix them. There are some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations for dark mode compatibility]] to help.

'''Future changes'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Next week, functionaries, volunteers maintaining tools, and software development teams are invited to test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on testwiki. Temporary accounts is a feature that will help improve privacy on the wikis. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T348895]
* Editors who upload files cross-wiki, or teach other people how to do so, may wish to join a Wikimedia Commons discussion. The Commons community is discussing limiting who can upload files through the cross-wiki upload/Upload dialog feature to users auto-confirmed on Wikimedia Commons. This is due to the large amount of copyright violations uploaded this way. There is a short summary at [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Cross-wiki upload|Commons:Cross-wiki upload]] and [[c:Commons:Village pump/Proposals#Deactivate cross-wiki uploads for new users|discussion at Commons:Village Pump]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:१६, १६ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature News'''
* Stewards can now [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_blocks|globally block]] accounts. Before [[phab:T17294|the change]] only IP addresses and IP ranges could be blocked globally. Global account blocks are useful when the blocked user should not be logged out. [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_locks|Global locks]] (a similar tool logging the user out of their account) are unaffected by this change. The new global account block feature is related to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project, which is a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors that are no longer made public.
* Later this week, Wikimedia site users will notice that the Interface of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) is improved and consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Wikimedia's design system]]. The FlaggedRevs interface experience on mobile and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Skin:MinervaNeue|Minerva skin]] was inconsistent before it was fixed and ported to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]] by the WMF Growth team and some volunteers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]
*  Wikimedia site users can now submit account vanishing requests via [[m:Special:GlobalVanishRequest|GlobalVanishRequest]]. This feature is used when a contributor wishes to stop editing forever. It helps you hide your past association and edit to protect your privacy. Once processed, the account will be locked and renamed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367329]
* Have you tried monitoring and addressing vandalism in Wikipedia using your phone? [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/10/%d9%90addressing-vandalism-with-a-tap-the-journey-of-introducing-the-patrolling-feature-in-the-mobile-app/ A Diff blog post on Patrolling features in the Mobile App] highlights some of the new capabilities of the feature, including swiping through a feed of recent changes and a personal library of user talk messages for use when patrolling from your phone. 
* Wikimedia contributors and GLAM (galleries, libraries, archives, and museums) organisations can now learn and measure the impact Wikimedia Commons is having towards creating quality encyclopedic content using the [https://doc.wikimedia.org/generated-data-platform/aqs/analytics-api/reference/commons.html Commons Impact Metrics] analytics dashboard. The dashboard offers organizations analytics on things like monthly edits in a category, the most viewed files, and which Wikimedia articles are using Commons images. As a result of these new data dumps, GLAM organisation can more reliably measure their return on investment for programs bringing content into the digital Commons. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/]

'''Project Updates'''
*  Come share your ideas for improving the wikis on the newly reopened [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]]. The Community Wishlist is Wikimedia’s forum for volunteers to share ideas (called wishes) to improve how the wikis work. The new version of the wishlist is always open, works with both wikitext and Visual Editor, and allows wishes in any language.

'''Learn more'''
* Have you ever wondered how Wikimedia software works across over 300 languages? This is 253 languages more than the Google Chrome interface, and it's no accident. The Language and Product Localization Team at the Wikimedia Foundation supports your work by adapting all the tools and interfaces in the MediaWiki software so that contributors in our movement who translate pages and strings can translate them and have the sites in all languages. Read more about the team and their upcoming work on [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/17/building-towards-a-robust-multilingual-knowledge-ecosystem-for-the-wikimedia-movement/ Diff]. 
* How can Wikimedia build innovative and experimental products while maintaining such heavily used websites? A recent [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/ blog post] by WMF staff Johan Jönsson highlights the work of the [[m:Future Audiences#Objectives and Key Results|WMF Future Audience initiative]], where the goal is not to build polished products but test out new ideas, such as a [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiments: conversational/generative AI|ChatGPT plugin]] and [[m:Future_Audiences/Experiment:Add a Fact|Add a Fact]], to help take Wikimedia into the future. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' You can also get other news from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]].
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५०, २३ जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors using the Visual Editor in languages that use non-Latin characters for numbers, such as Hindi, Manipuri and Eastern Arabic, may notice some changes in the formatting of reference numbers. This is a side effect of preparing a new sub-referencing feature, and will also allow fixing some general numbering issues in Visual Editor. If you notice any related problems on your wiki, please share details at the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|project talkpage]].

'''Bugs status'''
* Some logged-in editors were briefly unable to edit or load pages last week. [[phab:T370304|These errors]] were mainly due to the addition of new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|linter]] rules which led to caching problems. Fixes have been applied and investigations are continuing.
* Editors can use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Information tool]] to get information about IP addresses. This tool is available as a Beta Feature in your preferences. The tool was not available for a few days last week, but is now working again. Thank you to Shizhao for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks#2024-07-25|28 other community-submitted tasks]] that were resolved last week.

'''Project updates'''
* There are new features and improvements to Phabricator from the Release Engineering and Collaboration Services teams, and some volunteers, including: the search systems, the new task creation system, the login systems, the translation setup which has resulted in support for more languages (thanks to Pppery), and fixes for many edge-case errors. You can [[phab:phame/post/view/316/iterative_improvements/|read details about these and other improvements in this summary]].
* There is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|update on the Charts project]]. The team has decided which visualization library to use, which chart types to start focusing on, and where to store chart definitions.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9056|Czech]] ([[voy:cs:|&lt;code&gt;voy:cs:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370905] 

'''Learn more'''
* There is a [[diffblog:2024/07/26/the-journey-to-open-our-first-data-center-in-south-america/|new Wikimedia Foundation data center]] in São Paulo, Brazil which helps to reduce load times.
* There is new [[diffblog:2024/07/22/the-perplexing-process-of-uploading-images-to-wikipedia/|user research]] on problems with the process of uploading images.
* Commons Impact Metrics are [[diffblog:2024/07/19/commons-impact-metrics-now-available-via-data-dumps-and-api/|now available]] via data dumps and API.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/July|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:५६, ३० जुलाई २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Two new parser functions will be available this week: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#dir|#dir]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic_words#bcp47|#bcp47]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. These will reduce the need for &lt;code&gt;Template:Dir&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;Template:BCP47&lt;/code&gt; on Commons and allow us to [[phab:T343131|drop 100 million rows]] from the &quot;what links here&quot; database. Editors at any wiki that use these templates, can help by replacing the templates with these new functions. The templates at Commons will be updated during the Hackathon at Wikimania. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359761][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366623]
* Communities can request the activation of the visual editor on entire namespaces where discussions sometimes happen (for instance ''Wikipedia:'' or ''Wikisource:'' namespaces) if they understand the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/FAQ#WPNS|known limitations]]. For discussions, users can already use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] in these namespaces.
* The tracking category &quot;Pages using Timeline&quot; has been renamed to &quot;Pages using the EasyTimeline extension&quot; [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3ATimeline-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 in TranslateWiki]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match.

'''Project updates'''
* Editors who help to organize WikiProjects and similar on-wiki collaborations, are invited to share ideas and examples of successful collaborations with the Campaigns and Programs teams. You can fill out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/WikiProjects|a brief survey]] or share your thoughts [[m:Talk:Campaigns/WikiProjects|on the talkpage]]. The teams are particularly looking for details about successful collaborations on non-English wikis.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The new parser is being rolled out on {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} wikis over the next few months. The {{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage}} and {{int:project-localized-name-hewikivoyage}} were [[phab:T365367|switched]] to Parsoid last week. For more information, see [[mw:Parsoid/Parser_Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]].

'''Learn more'''
* There will be more than 200 sessions at Wikimania this week. Here is a summary of some of the [[diffblog:2024/08/05/interested-in-product-and-tech-here-are-some-wikimania-sessions-you-dont-want-to-miss/|key sessions related to the product and technology area]].
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/07-02|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/July|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: New design previews for Translatable pages; Updates about MinT for Wiki Readers; the release of Translation dumps; and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/31|Growth newsletter]] is available.
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/July 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:२९, ६ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] editors and maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Actions#Show a CAPTCHA|make a CAPTCHA show if a filter matches an edit]]. This allows communities to quickly respond to spamming by automated bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T20110]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards|Stewards]] can now specify if global blocks should prevent account creation. Before [[phab:T17273|this change]] by the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product]] Team, all global blocks would prevent account creation. This will allow stewards to reduce the unintended side-effects of global blocks on IP addresses.

'''Project updates'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#August_2024_committee_nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new members to refresh the [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]]. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open until at least 2024-08-26.
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q2880037|West Coast Bajau]] ([[w:bdr:|&lt;code&gt;w:bdr:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371757]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:०७, १३ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who want to re-use references but with different details such as page numbers, will be able to do so by the end of 2024, using a new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Sub-referencing in a nutshell|sub-referencing]] feature. You can read more [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|about the project]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|how to test the prototype]].
* Editors using tracking categories to identify which pages use specific extensions may notice that six of the categories have been renamed to make them more easily understood and consistent. These categories are automatically added to pages that use specialized MediaWiki extensions. The affected names are for: [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aintersection-category&amp;namespace=8 DynamicPageList], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Akartographer-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Kartographer], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Aphonos-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 Phonos], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Arss-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 RSS], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Ascore-use-category&amp;namespace=8 Score], [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translations?message=MediaWiki%3Awikihiero-usage-tracking-category&amp;namespace=8 WikiHiero]. Wikis that have created the category locally should rename their local creation to match. Thanks to Pppery for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T347324]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Technical volunteers who edit modules and want to get a list of the categories used on a page, can now do so using the &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;categories&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt; property of &lt;code&gt;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#Title objects|mw.title objects]]&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. This enables wikis to configure workflows such as category-specific edit notices. Thanks to SD001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T50175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T85372]

'''Bugs status'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Your help is needed to check if any pages need to be moved or deleted. A maintenance script was run to clean up unreachable pages (due to Unicode issues or introduction of new namespaces/namespace aliases). The script tried to find appropriate names for the pages (e.g. by following the Unicode changes or by moving pages whose titles on Wikipedia start with &lt;code&gt;Talk:WP:&lt;/code&gt; so that their titles start with &lt;code&gt;Wikipedia talk:&lt;/code&gt;), but it may have failed for some pages, and moved them to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[Special:PrefixIndex/T195546/]]&lt;/bdi&gt; instead. Your community should check if any pages are listed there, and move them to the correct titles, or delete them if they are no longer needed. A full log (including pages for which appropriate names could be found) is available in [[phab:P67388]].
* Editors who volunteer as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|mentors]] to newcomers on their wiki are once again able to access lists of potential mentees who they can connect with to offer help and guidance. This functionality was restored thanks to [[phab:T372164|a bug fix]]. Thank you to Mbch331 for filing the bug report. You can read about that, and 18 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* The application deadline for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Proposal|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC) has been extended to September 16. Members will help by providing advice to Foundation Product and Technology leadership on short and long term plans, on complex strategic problems, and help to get feedback from more contributors and technical communities. Selected members should expect to spend roughly 5 hours per month for the Council, during the one year pilot. Please consider applying, and spread the word to volunteers you think would make a positive contribution to the committee.

'''Learn more'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award#2024 Winners|2024 Coolest Tool Awards]] were awarded at Wikimania, in seven categories. For example, one award went to the ISA Tool, used for adding structured data to files on Commons, which was recently improved during the [[m:Event:Wiki Mentor Africa ISA Hackathon 2024|Wiki Mentor Africa Hackathon]]. You can see video demonstrations of each tool at the awards page. Congratulations to this year's recipients, and thank you to all tool creators and maintainers.
* The latest [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin/2024/08-01|Wikimedia Foundation Bulletin]] is available, and includes some highlights from Wikimania, an upcoming Language community meeting, and other news from the movement.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:३९, २० अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Administrators can now test the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] feature on test2wiki. This was done to allow cross-wiki testing of temporary accounts, for when temporary accounts switch between projects. The feature was enabled on testwiki a few weeks ago. No further temporary account deployments are scheduled yet. Temporary Accounts is a project to create a new type of user account that replaces IP addresses of unregistered editors which are no longer made public. Please [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|share your opinions and questions on the project talk page]].
* Later this week, editors at wikis that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs]] (also known as &quot;Pending Changes&quot;) may notice that the indicators at the top of articles have changed. This change makes the system more consistent with the rest of the MediaWiki interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T191156]

'''Bugs status'''
* Editors who use the 2010 wikitext editor, and use the Character Insert buttons, will [[phab:T361465|no longer]] experience problems with the buttons adding content into the edit-summary instead of the edit-window. You can read more about that, and 26 other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Project updates'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Please review and vote on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas|Focus Areas]], which are groups of wishes that share a problem. Focus Areas were created for the newly reopened Community Wishlist, which is now open year-round for submissions. The first batch of focus areas are specific to moderator workflows, around welcoming newcomers, minimizing repetitive tasks, and prioritizing tasks. Once volunteers have reviewed and voted on focus areas, the Foundation will then review and select focus areas for prioritization.
* Do you have a project and are willing to provide a three (3) month mentorship for an intern? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Outreachy|Outreachy]] is a twice a year program for people to participate in a paid internship that will start in December 2024 and end in early March 2025, and they need mentors and projects to work on. Projects can be focused on coding or non-coding (design, documentation, translation, research). See the Outreachy page for more details, and a list of past projects since 2013.

'''Learn more'''
* If you're curious about the product and technology improvements made by the Wikimedia Foundation last year, read [[diffblog:2024/08/21/wikimedia-foundation-product-technology-improving-the-user-experience/|this recent highlights summary on Diff]].
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together.webm|Community Configuration - Shaping On-Wiki Functionality Together]] (55 mins) - about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Belgrade - Day 1 - Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views.webm|Future of MediaWiki. A sustainable platform to support a collaborative user base and billions of page views]] (30 mins) - an overview for both technical and non technical audiences, covering some of the challenges and open questions, related to the [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights|platform evolution, stewardship and developer experiences]] research.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:१९, २७ अगस्ट २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Editors and volunteer developers interested in data visualisation can now test the new software for charts. Its early version is available on beta Commons and beta Wikipedia. This is an important milestone before making charts available on regular wikis. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|read more about this project update]] and help to test the charts.

'''Feature news'''
* Editors who use the [[{{#special:Unusedtemplates}}]] page can now filter out pages which are expected to be there permanently, such as sandboxes, test-cases, and templates that are always substituted. Editors can add the new magic word [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE|&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__EXPECTUNUSEDTEMPLATE__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;]] to a template page to hide it from the listing. Thanks to Sophivorus and DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184633]
* Editors who use the New Topic tool on discussion pages, will [[phab:T334163|now be reminded]] to add a section header, which should help reduce the quantity of newcomers who add sections without a header. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:28}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Last week, some Toolforge tools had occasional connection problems. The cause is still being investigated, but the problems have been resolved for now. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373243]
* Translation administrators at multilingual wikis, when editing multiple translation units, can now easily mark which changes require updates to the translation. This is possible with the [[phab:T298852#10087288|new dropdown menu]].

'''Project updates'''
* A new draft text of a policy discussing the use of Wikimedia's APIs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/API Policy Update 2024|has been published on Meta-Wiki]]. The draft text does not reflect a change in policy around the APIs; instead, it is an attempt to codify existing API rules. Comments, questions, and suggestions are welcome on [[m:Talk:API Policy Update 2024|the proposed update’s talk page]] until September 13 or until those discussions have concluded.

'''Learn more'''
* To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out:
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 2 - Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization.webm|Charts, the successor of Graphs - A secure and extensible tool for data visualization]] (25 mins) – about the above-mentioned Charts project.
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Ohrid - Day 3 - State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia.webm|State of Language Technology and Onboarding at Wikimedia]] (90 mins) – about some of the language tools that support Wikimedia sites, such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content]]/[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation|Section Translation]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MinT|MinT]], and LanguageConverter; also the current state and future of languages onboarding. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368772]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W36&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:५३, ३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Feature news'''
* Starting this week, the standard [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will receive new colors that make them compatible in dark mode. This is the first of many changes to come as part of a major upgrade to syntax highlighting. You can learn more about what's to come on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365311][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Editors of wikis using Wikidata will now be notified of only relevant Wikidata changes in their watchlist. This is because the Lua functions &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;entity:getSitelink()&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw.wikibase.getSitelink(qid)&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; will have their logic unified for tracking different aspects of sitelinks to reduce junk notifications from [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Projects/Watchlist Wikidata Sitelinks Tracking|inconsistent sitelinks tracking]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295356]

'''Project updates'''
*  Users of all Wikis will have access to Wikimedia sites as read-only for a few minutes on September 25, starting at 15:00 UTC. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]
* Contributors of [[phab:T363538#10123348|11 Wikipedias]], including English will have a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; namespace added to their Wikipedias. This improvement ensures that links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; (usually shortcuts to the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]) are not broken by [[w:en:Mooré|Mooré]] Wikipedia (language code &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363538]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W37&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:३८, १० सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: August 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 7 • August 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran|Cross-Cultural Knowledge Sharing: Wikipedia's New Frontier at University of Tehran]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba|Let's Read Wikipedia in Bolivia reaches teachers in Cochabamba]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine|Results of the 2023 “Wikipedia for School” Contest in Ukraine]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024|Edu Wiki Camp in Serbia, 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount|Wikimedia Human Rights Month this year engaged schools in large amount]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning|Strengthening Education Programs at Wikimania 2024: A Global Leap in Collaborative Learning]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon|Wiki Education programs are featured in a scientific outreach magazine, and Wiki Movimento Brasil offers training for researchers in the Amazon]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2024/Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop|Wiki Movimento Brasil aims to adapt a game about Wikipedia, organize an academic event for scientific dissemination, and host the XXXIII Wiki-Education Workshop]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:०६, ११ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Improvements and Maintenance'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Editors interested in templates can help by reading the latest Wishlist focus area, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template recall and discovery]], and share your feedback on the talkpage. This input helps the Community Tech team to decide the right technical approach to build. Everyone is also encouraged to continue adding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|new wishes]].
* The new automated [[{{#special:NamespaceInfo}}]] page helps editors understand which [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Namespaces|namespaces]] exist on each wiki, and some details about how they are configured. Thanks to DannyS712 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T263513]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|References Check]] is a feature that encourages editors to add a citation when they add a new paragraph to a Wikipedia article. For a short time, the corresponding tag &quot;Edit Check (references) activated&quot; was erroneously being applied to some edits outside of the main namespace. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373692]
* It is now possible for a wiki community to change the order in which a page’s categories are displayed on their wiki. By default, categories are displayed in the order they appear in the wikitext. Now, wikis with a consensus to do so can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|request]] a configuration change to display them in alphabetical order. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373480]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool authors can now access ToolsDB's [[wikitech:Portal:Data Services#ToolsDB|public databases]] from both [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry|Quarry]] and [[wikitech:Superset|Superset]]. Those databases have always been accessible to every [[wikitech:Portal:Toolforge|Toolforge]] user, but they are now more broadly accessible, as Quarry can be accessed by anyone with a Wikimedia account. In addition, Quarry's internal database can now be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Quarry#Querying Quarry's own database|queried from Quarry itself]]. This database contains information about all queries that are being run and starred by users in Quarry. This information was already public through the web interface, but you can now query it using SQL. You can read more about that, and {{formatnum:20}} other community-submitted tasks that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].
* Any pages or tools that still use the very old CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mw-message-box&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; need to be updated. These old classes will be removed next week or soon afterwards. Editors can use a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-message-box&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=&amp;title= global-search] to determine what needs to be changed. It is possible to use the newer &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;cdx-message&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; group of classes as a replacement (see [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/components/demos/message.html#css-only-version the relevant Codex documentation], and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Header&amp;diff=prev&amp;oldid=27449042 an example update]), but using locally defined onwiki classes would be best. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374499]

'''Technical project updates'''
* Next week, all Wikimedia wikis will be read-only for a few minutes. This will start on September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. This is a planned datacenter switchover for maintenance purposes. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|This maintenance process also targets other services.]] The previous switchover took 3 minutes, and the Site Reliability Engineering teams use many tools to make sure that this essential maintenance work happens as quickly as possible. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370962]

'''Tech in depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/August 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes details about: research about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Hooks|hook]] handlers to help simplify development, research about performance improvements, work to improve the REST API for end-users, and more.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] To learn more about the technology behind the Wikimedia projects, you can now watch sessions from the technology track at Wikimania 2024 on Commons. This week, check out: 
** [[c:File:Wikimania 2024 - Auditorium Kyiv - Day 4 - Hackathon Showcase.webm|Hackathon Showcase]] (45 mins) - 19 short presentations by some of the Hackathon participants, describing some of the projects they worked on, such as automated testing of maintenance scripts, a video-cutting command line tool, and interface improvements for various tools. There are [[phab:T369234|more details and links available]] in the Phabricator task.
** [[c:File:Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem.webm|Co-Creating a Sustainable Future for the Toolforge Ecosystem]] (40 mins) - a roundtable discussion for tool-maintainers, users, and supporters of Toolforge about how to make the platform sustainable and how to evaluate the tools available there.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W38&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:४८, १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* All wikis will be [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday September 25 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1727276400 15:00 UTC]. Reading the wikis will not be interrupted, but editing will be paused. These twice-yearly processes allow WMF's site reliability engineering teams to remain prepared to keep the wikis functioning even in the event of a major interruption to one of our data centers.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Add alt text from a halfsheet, with the article behind.png|thumb|A screenshot of the interface for the Alt Text suggested-edit feature]]
* Editors who use the iOS Wikipedia app in Spanish, Portuguese, French, or Chinese, may see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|Alt Text suggested-edit experiment]] after editing an article, or completing a suggested edit using &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project#Hypothesis 2 Add an Image Suggested Edit|Add an image]]&quot;. Alt-text helps people with visual impairments to read Wikipedia articles. The team aims to learn if adding alt-text to images is a task that editors can be successful with. Please share any feedback on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia Apps/iOS Suggested edits project/Alt Text Experiment|the discussion page]].
* The Codex color palette has been updated with new and revised colors for the MediaWiki user interfaces. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Design System Team/Color/Design documentation#Updates|most noticeable changes]] for editors include updates for: dark mode colors for Links and for quiet Buttons (progressive and destructive), visited Link colors for both light and dark modes, and background colors for system-messages in both light and dark modes.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] It is now possible to include clickable wikilinks and external links inside code blocks. This includes links that are used within &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and on code pages (JavaScript, CSS, Scribunto and Sanitized CSS). Uses of template syntax &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; are also linked to the template page. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368166]
* Two bugs were fixed in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Account vanishing|GlobalVanishRequest]] system by improving the logging and by removing an incorrect placeholder message. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370595][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T372223]
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] From [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]]: 
** The API now enables 5,000 on-demand API requests per month and twice-monthly HTML snapshots freely (gratis and libre). More information on the updates and also improvements to the software development kits (SDK) are explained on [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api/ the project's blog post]. While Wikimedia Enterprise APIs are designed for high-volume commercial reusers, this change enables many more community use-cases to be built on the service too.
** The Snapshot API (html dumps) have added beta Structured Contents endpoints ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/ blog post on that]) as well as released two beta datasets (English and French Wikipedia) from that endpoint to Hugging Face for public use and feedback ([https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/hugging-face-dataset/ blog post on that]). These pre-parsed data sets enable new options for researchers, developers, and data scientists to use and study the content.

'''In depth'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) is used to get answers to questions using the Wikidata data set. As Wikidata grows, we had to make a major architectural change so that WDQS could remain performant. As part of the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|WDQS Graph Split project]], we have new SPARQL endpoints available for serving the &quot;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org scholarly]&quot; and &quot;[https://query-main.wikidata.org main]&quot; subgraphs of Wikidata. The [http://query.wikidata.org query.wikidata.org endpoint] will continue to serve the full Wikidata graph until March 2025. After this date, it will only serve the main graph. For more information, please see [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|the announcement on Wikidata]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:२२, २४ सेप्टेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Readers of [[phab:T375401|42 more wikis]] can now use Dark Mode. If the option is not yet available for logged-out users of your wiki, this is likely because many templates do not yet display well in Dark Mode. Please use the [https://night-mode-checker.wmcloud.org/ night-mode-checker tool] if you are interested in helping to reduce the number of issues. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Recommendations for night mode compatibility on Wikimedia wikis|recommendations page]] provides guidance on this. Dark Mode is enabled on additional wikis once per month.
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor as their default can access features from the 2017 wikitext editor by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;?veaction=editsource&lt;/code&gt; to the URL. If you would like to enable the 2017 wikitext editor as your default, it can be set in [[Special:Preferences#mw-input-wpvisualeditor-newwikitext|your preferences]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T239796]
* For logged-out readers using the Vector 2022 skin, the &quot;donate&quot; link has been moved from a collapsible menu next to the content area into a more prominent top menu, next to &quot;Create an account&quot;. This restores the link to the level of prominence it had in the Vector 2010 skin. [[mw:Readers/2024 Reader and Donor Experiences#Donor Experiences (Key Result WE 3.2 and the related hypotheses)|Learn more]] about the changes related to donor experiences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373585]
* The CampaignEvents extension provides tools for organizers to more easily manage events, communicate with participants, and promote their events on the wikis. The extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|enabled]] on Arabic Wikipedia, Igbo Wikipedia, Swahili Wikipedia, and Meta-Wiki. [[w:zh:Wikipedia:互助客栈/其他#引進CampaignEvents擴充功能|Chinese Wikipedia has decided]] to enable the extension, and discussions on the extension are in progress [[w:es:Wikipedia:Votaciones/2024/Sobre la política de Organizadores de Eventos|on Spanish Wikipedia]] and [[d:Wikidata:Project chat#Enabling the CampaignEvents Extention on Wikidata|on Wikidata]]. To learn how to enable the extension on your wiki, you can visit [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|the CampaignEvents page on Meta-Wiki]].
* View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers with an account on Wikitech-wiki should [[wikitech:Wikitech/SUL-migration|check if any action is required]] for their accounts. The wiki is being changed to use the single-user-login (SUL) system, and other configuration changes. This change will help reduce the overall complexity for the weekly software updates across all our wikis.

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|server switch]] was completed successfully last week with a read-only time of [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Past Switches|only 2 minutes 46 seconds]]. This periodic process makes sure that engineers can switch data centers and keep all of the wikis available for readers, even if there are major technical issues. It also gives engineers a chance to do maintenance and upgrades on systems that normally run 24 hours a day, and often helps to reveal weaknesses in the infrastructure. The process involves dozens of software services and hundreds of hardware servers, and requires multiple teams working together. Work over the past few years has reduced the time from 17 minutes down to 2–3 minutes. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/66ZW7B2MG63AESQVTXDIFQBDBS766JGW/]

'''Meetings and events'''
* October 4–6: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiIndaba conference 2024|WikiIndaba Conference's Hackathon]] in Johannesburg, South Africa
* November 4–6: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] in Vienna, Austria

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:०६, १ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities can now request installation of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator|Automoderator]] on their wiki. Automoderator is an automated anti-vandalism tool that reverts bad edits based on scores from the new &quot;Revert Risk&quot; machine learning model. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AutoModerator/Deploying|read details about the necessary steps]] for installation and configuration. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T336934]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Translators in wikis where [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|the mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now customize their articles suggestion list from 41 filtering options when using the tool. This topic-based article suggestion feature makes it easy for translators to self-discover relevant articles based on their area of interest and translate them. You can [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions try it with your mobile device]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368422]
* View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* It is now possible for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;syntaxhighlight&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; code blocks to offer readers a &quot;Copy&quot; button if the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;copy=1&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; attribute is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SyntaxHighlight#copy|set on the tag]]. Thanks to SD0001 for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T40932]
* Customized copyright footer messages on all wikis will be updated. The new versions will use wikitext markup instead of requiring editing raw HTML. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375789]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this month, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] will be rolled out on several pilot wikis. The final list of the wikis will be published in the second half of the month. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on [[phab:T376499|these 11 wikis]], and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]].
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Rate limiting has been enabled for the code review tools [[Wikitech:Gerrit|Gerrit]] and [[Wikitech:GitLab|GitLab]] to address ongoing issues caused by malicious traffic and scraping. Clients that open too many concurrent connections will be restricted for a few minutes. This rate limiting is managed through [[Wikitech:nftables|nftables]] firewall rules. For more details, see Wikitech's pages on [[Wikitech:Firewall#Throttling with nftables|Firewall]], [[Wikitech:GitLab/Abuse and rate limiting|GitLab limits]] and [[Wikitech:Gerrit/Operations#Throttling IPs|Gerrit operations]].
* Five new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q49224|Komering]] ([[w:kge:|&lt;code&gt;w:kge:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374813]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36096|Mooré]] ([[m:mos:|&lt;code&gt;m:mos:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374641]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[wikt:mad:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374968]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q2501174|Gorontalo]] ([[q:gor:|&lt;code&gt;q:gor:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375088]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikinews}} in [[d:Q56482|Shan]] ([[n:shn:|&lt;code&gt;n:shn:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375430]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:२८, ८ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is starting to be removed. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|A first set of wikis]] are being contacted. These wikis are invited to stop using Flow, and to move all Flow boards to sub-pages, as archives. At these wikis, a script will move all Flow pages that aren't a sub-page to a sub-page automatically, starting on 22 October 2024. On 28 October 2024, all Flow boards at these wikis will be set in read-only mode. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370722]
* WMF's Search Platform team is working on making it easier for readers to perform text searches in their language. A [[phab:T332342|change last week]] on over 30 languages makes it easier to find words with accents and other diacritics. This applies to both full-text search and to types of advanced search such as the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''hastemplate''&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''incategory''&lt;/bdi&gt; keywords. More technical details (including a few other minor search upgrades) are available. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/User:TJones_%28WMF%29/Notes/Language_Analyzer_Harmonization_Notes#ASCII-folding/ICU-folding_%28T332342%29]
* View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|EditCheck]] was installed at Russian Wikipedia, and fixes were made for some missing user interface styles.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors who use the Toolforge tool [[toolforge:copyvios|Earwig's Copyright Violation Detector]] will now be required to log in with their Wikimedia account before running checks using the &quot;search engine&quot; option. This change is needed to help prevent external bots from misusing the system. Thanks to Chlod for these improvements. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:New_pages_patrol/Reviewers#Authentication_is_now_required_for_search_engine_checks_on_Earwig's_Copyvio_Tool]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator|Phabricator]] users can create tickets and add comments on existing tickets via Email again. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Phabricator/Help#Using email|Sending email to Phabricator]] has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T356077]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Some HTML elements in the interface are now wrapped with a &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; element, to make our HTML output more aligned with Web standards. More changes like this will be coming in future weeks. This change might break some tools that rely on the previous HTML structure of the interface. Note that relying on the HTML structure of the interface is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Stable interface policy/Frontend#What is not stable?|not recommended]] and might break at any time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375975]

'''In depth'''
* The latest monthly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Reports/September 2024|MediaWiki Product Insights newsletter]] is available. This edition includes: updates on Wikimedia's authentication system, research to simplify feature development in the MediaWiki platform, updates on Parser Unification and MathML rollout, and more.
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2024/October|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition include: research about improving topic suggestions related to countries, improvements to PHPUnit tests, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:०७, १५ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Mobile Apps team has released an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh#Phase 1: Creating a user Profile Menu (T373714)|update]] to the iOS app's navigation, and it is now available in the latest App store version. The team added a new Profile menu that allows for easy access to editor features like Notifications and Watchlist from the Article view, and brings the &quot;Donate&quot; button into a more accessible place for users who are reading an article. This is the first phase of a larger planned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Navigation Refresh|navigation refresh]] to help the iOS app transition from a primarily reader-focused app, to an app that fully supports reading and editing. The Wikimedia Foundation has added more editing features and support for on-wiki communication based on volunteer requests in recent years.
[[File:IOS App Navigation refresh first phase 05.png|thumb|iOS Wikipedia App's profile menu and contents]]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikipedia readers can now download a browser extension to experiment with some early ideas on potential features that recommend articles for further reading, automatically summarize articles, and improve search functionality. For more details and to stay updated, check out the Web team's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments|Content Discovery Experiments page]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Newsletter:Web team's projects|subscribe to their newsletter]].
* Later this month, logged-out editors of [[phab:T376499|these 12 wikis]] will start to have [[mw:Special:Mylanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] created. The list may slightly change - some wikis may be removed but none will be added. Temporary account is a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/User account types|type of user account]]. It enhances the logged-out editors' privacy and makes it easier for community members to communicate with them. If you maintain any tools, bots, or gadgets on these 12 wikis, and your software is using data about IP addresses or is available for logged-out users, please check if it needs to be updated to work with temporary accounts. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|Guidance on how to update the code is available]]. Read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|deployment plan across all wikis]].
* View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[w:nr:Main Page|South Ndebele]], [[w:rsk:Главни бок|Pannonian Rusyn]], [[w:ann:Uwu|Obolo]], [[w:iba:Lambar Keterubah|Iban]] and [[w:tdd:ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥲ ᥖᥥᥰ|Tai Nüa]] Wikipedia languages were created last week. [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36785][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35660][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36614][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33424][https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36556]
* It is now possible to create functions on Wikifunctions using Wikidata lexemes, through the new [[f:Z6005|Wikidata lexeme type]] launched last week. When you go to one of these functions, the user interface provides a lexeme selector that helps you pick a lexeme from Wikidata that matches the word you type. After hitting run, your selected lexeme is retrieved from Wikidata, transformed into a Wikidata lexeme type, and passed into the selected function. Read more about this in [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2024-10-17#Function of the Week: select representation from lexeme|the latest Wikifunctions newsletter]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Users of the Wikimedia sites can now format dates more easily in different languages with the new &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef|#timef]]:…}}&lt;/code&gt; parser function. For example, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will show as &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;{{#timef:now|date|en}}&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;. Previously, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#time:…}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; could be used to format dates, but this required knowledge of the order of the time and date components and their intervening punctuation. &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timef&lt;/code&gt; (or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#timefl&lt;/code&gt; for local time) provides access to the standard date formats that MediaWiki uses in its user interface. This may help to simplify some templates on multi-lingual wikis like Commons and Meta. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T223772][https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##timef]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Commons and Meta users can now efficiently [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Localization|retrieve the user's language]] using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{USERLANGUAGE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of using &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:lang}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T4085]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Tech Advisory Council]] (PTAC) now has its pilot members with representation across Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America. They will work to address the [[Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives/Technology Council|Movement Strategy's Technology Council]] initiative of having a co-defined and more resilient technological platform. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Movement_Strategy/Initiatives/Technology_Council]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/32|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: an upcoming Newcomer Homepage Community Updates module, new Community Configuration options, and details on new projects.
* The Wikimedia Foundation is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Security Team#CNA Partnership|now an official partner of the CVE program]], which is an international effort to catalog publicly disclosed cybersecurity vulnerabilities. This partnership will allow the Security Team to instantly publish [[w:en:Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures|common vulnerabilities and exposures]] (CVE) records that are affecting MediaWiki core, extensions, and skins, along with any other code the Foundation is a steward of.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|Community Wishlist]] is now [[m:Community Wishlist/Updates#October 16, 2024: Conversations Made Easier: Machine-Translated Wishes Are Here!|testing machine translations]] for Wishlist content. Volunteers can now read machine-translated versions of wishes and dive into discussions even before translators arrive to translate content.

'''Meetings and events'''
* 24 October - Wiki Education Speaker Series Webinar - [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/N4XTB4G55BUY3M3PNGUAKQWJ7A4UOPAK/ Open Source Tech: Building the Wiki Education Dashboard], featuring Wikimedia interns and a Web developer in the panel.
* 20–22 December 2024 - [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024|Indic Wikimedia Hackathon Bhubaneswar 2024]] in Odisha, India. A hackathon for community members, including developers, designers and content editors, to build technical solutions that improve contributors' experiences.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:३८, २२ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later in November, the Charts extension will be deployed to the test wikis in order to help identify and fix any issue. A security review is underway to then enable deployment to pilot wikis for broader testing. You can read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#October 2024: Working towards production deployment|the October project update]] and see the [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Charts latest documentation and examples on Beta Wikipedia].
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[w:en:PediaPress|Pediapress.com]], an external service that creates books from Wikipedia, can now use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Maps|Wikimedia Maps]] to include existing pre-rendered infobox map images in their printed books on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375761]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikis can use [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GuidedTour|the Guided Tour extension]] to help newcomers understand how to edit. The Guided Tours extension now works with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Dark mode|dark mode]]. Guided Tour maintainers can check their tours to see that nothing looks odd. They can also set &lt;code&gt;emitTransitionOnStep&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code&gt;true&lt;/code&gt; to fix an old bug. They can use the new flag &lt;code&gt;allowAutomaticBack&lt;/code&gt; to avoid back-buttons they don't want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73927#10241528]
*  Administrators in the Wikimedia projects who use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Nuke|Nuke Extension]] will notice that mass deletions done with this tool have the &quot;Nuke&quot; tag. This change will make reviewing and analyzing deletions performed with the tool easier. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366068]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:४१, २९ अक्टोबर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Stewards can now make [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global blocks|global account blocks]] cause global [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblocks]]. This will assist stewards in preventing abuse from users who have been globally blocked. This includes preventing globally blocked temporary accounts from exiting their session or switching browsers to make subsequent edits for 24 hours. Previously, temporary accounts could exit their current session or switch browsers to continue editing. This is an anti-abuse tool improvement for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] project. You can read more about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|progress on key features for temporary accounts]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368949]
* Wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]] can now use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Event list#October 29, 2024: Collaboration List launched|Collaboration List]] feature. This list provides a new, easy way for contributors to learn about WikiProjects on their wikis. Thanks to the Campaign team for this work that is part of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2024-2025/Product %26 Technology OKRs#WE KRs|the 2024/25 annual plan]]. If you are interested in bringing the CampaignEvents extension to your wiki, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|follow these steps]] or you can reach out to User:Udehb-WMF for help.
* The text color for red links will be slightly changed later this week to improve their contrast in light mode. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370446]
* View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, on multilingual wikis, users [[phab:T216368|can now]] hide translations from the WhatLinksHere special page.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* XML [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Data dumps|data dumps]] have been temporarily paused whilst a bug is investigated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/xmldatadumps-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/BXWJDPO5QI2QMBCY7HO36ELDCRO6HRM4/]

'''In depth'''
* Temporary Accounts have been deployed to six wikis; thanks to the Trust and Safety Product team for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|this work]], you can read about [[phab:T340001|the deployment plans]]. Beginning next week, Temporary Accounts will also be enabled on [[phab:T378336|seven other projects]]. If you are active on these wikis and need help migrating your tools, please reach out to [[m:User:Udehb-WMF|User:Udehb-WMF]] for assistance.
*  The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2024/October|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available.  It includes: New languages supported in translatewiki or in MediaWiki; New keyboard input methods for some languages; details about recent and upcoming meetings, and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2024]] is happening in Vienna, Austria and online from 4 to 6 November 2024. The conference will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:३५, ५ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Translate|Translate extension]] enabled, users will notice that the FuzzyBot will now automatically create translated versions of categories used on translated pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285463]
* View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the submitted task to use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:SecurePoll|SecurePoll extension]] for English Wikipedia's special [[w:en:Wikipedia:Administrator elections|administrator election]] was resolved on time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371454] 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] In &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:MediaWiki_1.44/wmf.2|1.44.0-wmf-2]]&lt;/code&gt;, the logic of Wikibase function &lt;code&gt;getAllStatements&lt;/code&gt; changed to behave like &lt;code&gt;getBestStatements&lt;/code&gt;. Invoking the function now returns a copy of values which are immutable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T270851]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. The API will be rerouting some page content endpoints from RESTbase to the newer [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST API]] endpoints. The [[phab:T374683|impacted endpoints]] include getting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content. These changes will be available on testwiki later this week, with other projects to follow. This change should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints should verify behavior on testwiki, and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]].

'''In depth'''
* Admins and users of the Wikimedia projects [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator_Tools/Automoderator#Usage|where Automoderator is enabled]] can now monitor and evaluate important metrics related to Automoderator's actions. [https://superset.wmcloud.org/superset/dashboard/unified-automoderator-activity-dashboard/ This Superset dashboard] calculates and aggregates metrics about Automoderator's behaviour on the projects in which it is deployed. Thanks to the Moderator Tools team for this Dashboard; you can visit [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Automoderator/Unified Activity Dashboard|the documentation page]] for more information about this work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369488]

'''Meetings and events'''
* 21 November 2024 ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] &amp; [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]) - [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Community call]] with Wikimedia Commons volunteers and stakeholders to help prioritize support efforts for 2025-2026 Fiscal Year. The theme of this call is how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons.
'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: October 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 8 • October 2024&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year|CBSUA Wiki Education turns 1 year]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic|7th Senior WikiTown took place in Becov nad Teplou, Czech Republic]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo|Edit-a-thon about Modern Architecture in Kosovo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Edu_Wiki_in_South_Sudan:_Creating_a_better_future_in_education|Empowering Digital Literacy through Wikimedia in South Sudan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD|Many new articles and contributions in September and October for Wikimedia MKD]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month |New Record: 5 Events in Municipal Library within a Month]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms|Wiki-Education programs in Brazil are centered around the Wikidata and Wikisource platforms]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global|WikiChallenge African Schools wins the “Open Pedagogy” Award 2024 from OE Global]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills|Wikipedia helps in improving cognitive skills]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact|Wikipedia in Graduate Studies: Expanding Research Impact]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2024/WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club|WiLMa PH establishes a Wiki Club]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४२, १२ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of Wikimedia sites will now be warned when they create a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects|redirect]] to a page that doesn't exist. This will reduce the number of broken redirects to red links in our projects. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326057]
* View all {{formatnum:42}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:42|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Overview|Pywikibot]], which automates work on MediaWiki sites, was upgraded to 9.5.0 on Toolforge. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* On wikis that use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:FlaggedRevs|FlaggedRevs extension]], pages created or moved by users with the appropriate permissions are marked as flagged automatically. This feature has not been working recently, and changes fixing it should be deployed this week. Thanks to Daniel and Wargo for working on this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379218][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368380]

'''In depth'''
* There is a new [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2024/11/05/say-hi-to-temporary-accounts-easier-collaboration-with-logged-out-editors-with-better-privacy-protection Diff post] about Temporary Accounts, available in more than 15 languages. Read it to learn about what Temporary Accounts are, their impact on different groups of users, and the plan to introduce the change on all wikis.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Technical volunteers can now register for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which will take place in Istanbul, Turkey. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/hackathon2025/ Application for travel and accommodation scholarships] is open from '''November 12 to December 10 2024'''. The registration for the event will close in mid-April 2025. The Wikimedia Hackathon is an annual gathering that unites the global technical community to collaborate on existing projects and explore new ideas.
* Join the [[C:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF%20support%20for%20Commons/Commons%20community%20calls|Wikimedia Commons community calls]] this week to help prioritize support for Commons which will be planned for 2025–2026. The theme will be how content should be organised on Wikimedia Commons. This is an opportunity for volunteers who work on different things to come together and talk about what matters for the future of the project. The calls will take place '''November 21, 2024, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 8:00 UTC|8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 21 November 2024 16:00 UTC|16:00 UTC]]'''.
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place '''November 29, 16:00 UTC''' to discuss updates and technical problem-solving.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:४६, १९ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new version of the standard wikitext editor-mode [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|syntax highlighter]] will be available as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] later this week. This brings many new features and bug fixes, including right-to-left support, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Template folding|template folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and an improved search panel. You can learn more on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|help page]].
* The 2010 wikitext editor now supports common keyboard shortcuts such &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;B&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for bold and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;I&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; for italics. A full [[mw:Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|list of all six shortcuts]] is available. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62928]
* Starting November 28, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;bswiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;elwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;euwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;fiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiquote&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikiversity&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwikivoyage&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;idwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;lvwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;plwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;ptwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;urwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;viwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwikisource&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. 
* View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a user creating a new AbuseFilter can now only set the filter to &quot;protected&quot; [[phab:T377765|if it includes a protected variable]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]], which can be used in JavaScript, CSS, JSON, and Lua pages, [[phab:T377663|now offers]] live autocompletion. Thanks to SD0001 for this improvement. The feature can be temporarily disabled on a page by pressing &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;,&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and un-selecting &quot;&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Live Autocompletion&lt;/bdi&gt;&quot;.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Tool-maintainers who use the Graphite system for tracking metrics, need to migrate to the newer Prometheus system. They can check [https://grafana.wikimedia.org/d/K6DEOo5Ik/grafana-graphite-datasource-utilization?orgId=1 this dashboard] and the list in the Description of the [[phab:T350592|task T350592]] to see if their tools are listed, and they should claim metrics and dashboards connected to their tools. They can then disable or migrate all existing metrics by following the instructions in the task. The Graphite service will become read-only in April. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/KLUV4IOLRYXPQFWD6WKKJUHMWE77BMSZ/]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/NewPP parser report|New PreProcessor parser performance report]] has been fixed to give an accurate count for the number of Wikibase entities accessed. It had previously been resetting after 400 entities. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T279069]

'''Meetings and events'''
* A [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community meetings#29 November 2024|Language community meeting]] will take place November 29 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000 16:00 UTC]. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Mooré Wikipedia, the language support track at [[m:Wiki Indaba|Wiki Indaba]], and a report from the Wayuunaiki community on their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community over the last 3 years. This meeting will be in English and will also have Spanish interpretation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:२७, २६ नोभेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Two new parser functions were added this week. The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interwikilink|#interwikilink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interwiki links|interwiki link]] and the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#interlanguagelink|#interlanguagelink]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; function adds an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Links#Interlanguage links|interlanguage link]]. These parser functions are useful on wikis where namespaces conflict with interwiki prefixes. For example, links beginning with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;MOS:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; on English Wikipedia [[phab:T363538|conflict with the &lt;code&gt;mos&lt;/code&gt; language code prefix of Mooré Wikipedia]].
* Starting this week, Wikimedia wikis no longer support connections using old RSA-based HTTPS certificates, specifically rsa-2048. This change is to improve security for all users. Some older, unsupported browser or smartphone devices will be unable to connect; Instead, they will display a connectivity error. See the [[wikitech:HTTPS/Browser_Recommendations|HTTPS Browser Recommendations page]] for more-detailed information. All modern operating systems and browsers are always able to reach Wikimedia projects. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/CTYEHVNSXUD3NFAAMG3BLZVTVQWJXJAH/]
* Starting December 16, Flow/Structured Discussions pages will be automatically archived and set to read-only at the following wikis: &lt;bdi&gt;arwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;cawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;frwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;mediawikiwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;orwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wawiktionary&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;wikidatawiki&lt;/bdi&gt;{{int:comma-separator/en}}&lt;bdi&gt;zhwiki&lt;/bdi&gt;. This is done as part of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured_Discussions/Deprecation|StructuredDiscussions deprecation work]]. If you need any assistance to archive your page in advance, please contact [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380910]
* This month the Chart extension was deployed to production and is now available on Commons and Testwiki. With the security review complete, pilot wiki deployment is expected to start in the first week of December. You can see a working version [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug with the &quot;Download as PDF&quot; system was fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376438]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* In late February, temporary accounts will be rolled out on at least 10 large wikis. This deployment will have a significant effect on the community-maintained code. This is about Toolforge tools, bots, gadgets, and user scripts that use IP address data or that are available for logged-out users. The Trust and Safety Product team wants to identify this code, monitor it, and assist in updating it ahead of the deployment to minimize disruption to workflows. The team asks technical editors and volunteer developers to help identify such tools by adding them to [[mw:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers/Impacted tools|this list]]. In addition, review the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|updated documentation]] to learn how to adjust the tools. Join the discussions on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|project talk page]] or in the [[discord:channels/221049808784326656/1227616742340034722|dedicated thread]] on the [[w:Wikipedia:Discord|Wikimedia Community Discord server (in English)]] for support and to share feedback. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:०८, ३ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Technical documentation contributors can find updated resources, and new ways to connect with each other and the Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team, at the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Documentation|Documentation hub]] on MediaWiki.org. This page links to: resources for writing and improving documentation, a new &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#wikimedia-techdocs&lt;/bdi&gt; IRC channel on libera.chat, a listing of past and upcoming documentation events, and ways to request a documentation consultation or review. If you have any feedback or ideas for improvements to the documentation ecosystem, please [[mw:Wikimedia Technical Documentation Team#Contact us|contact the Technical Documentation Team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Edit Check on Desktop.png|thumb|Layout change for the Edit Check feature]]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit Check]] will be relocated to a sidebar on desktop. Edit check is the feature for new editors to help them follow policies and guidelines. This layout change creates space to present people with [[mw:Edit check#1 November 2024|new Checks]] that appear ''while'' they are typing. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#Reference Check A/B Test|initial results]] show newcomers encountering Edit Check are 2.2 times more likely to publish a new content edit that includes a reference and is not reverted.
* The Chart extension, which enables editors to create data visualizations, was successfully made available on MediaWiki.org and three pilot wikis (Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedias). You can see a working examples [[testwiki:Charts|on Testwiki]] and read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|the November project update]] for more details.
* Translators in wikis where the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation/Section translation#Try the tool|mobile experience of Content Translation is available]], can now discover articles in Wikiproject campaigns of their interest from the &quot;[https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=specialcx&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=collections&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=es&amp;to=en All collection]&quot; category in the articles suggestion feature. Wikiproject Campaign organizers can use this feature, to help translators to discover articles of interest, by adding the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;page-collection&gt; &lt;/page-collection&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tag to their campaign article list page on Meta-wiki. This will make those articles discoverable in the Content Translation tool. For more detailed information on how to use the tool and tag, please refer to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists/How to use the features|the step-by-step guide]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378958]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Nuke]] feature, which enables administrators to mass delete pages, now has a [[phab:T376379#10310998|multiselect filter for namespace selection]]. This enables users to select multiple specific namespaces, instead of only one or all, when fetching pages for deletion.
* The Nuke feature also now [[phab:T364225#10371365|provides links]] to the userpage of the user whose pages were deleted, and to the pages which were not selected for deletion, after page deletions are queued. This enables easier follow-up admin-actions. Thanks to Chlod and the Moderator Tools team for both of these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364225#10371365]
* The Editing Team is working on making it easier to populate citations from archive.org using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|Citoid]] tool, the auto-filled citation generator. They are asking communities to add two parameters preemptively, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveUrl&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveDate&lt;/code&gt;, within the TemplateData for each citation template using Citoid. You can see an [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACite_web%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1261320172&amp;oldid=1260788022 example of a change in a template], and a [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?namespaces=10&amp;q=%5C%22citoid%5C%22%3A%20%5C%7B&amp;regex=1&amp;title= list of all relevant templates]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374831]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikivoyage}} in [[d:Q9240|Indonesian]] ([[voy:id:|&lt;code&gt;voy:id:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380726]
* Last week, all wikis had problems serving pages to logged-in users and some logged-out users for 30–45 minutes. This was caused by a database problem, and investigation is ongoing. [https://www.wikimediastatus.net/incidents/3g2ckc7bp6l9]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add Link]] feature has been fixed. Previously, the list of sections which are excluded from Add Link was partially ignored in certain cases. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380455][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380329]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, now has an early-stage [[git:design/codex-php|implementation in PHP]]. It is available for general use in MediaWiki extensions and Toolforge apps through [https://packagist.org/packages/wikimedia/codex Composer], with use in MediaWiki core coming soon. More information is available in [[wmdoc:design-codex-php/main/index.html|the documentation]]. Thanks to Doğu for the inspiration and many contributions to the library. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379662]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/ Wikimedia REST API] users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. On December 4, the MediaWiki Interfaces team began rerouting page/revision metadata and rendered HTML content endpoints on [[testwiki:|testwiki]] from RESTbase to comparable MediaWiki REST API endpoints. The team encourages active users of these endpoints to verify their tool's behavior on testwiki and raise any concerns on the related [[phab:T374683|Phabricator ticket]] before the end of the year, as they intend to roll out the same change across all Wikimedia projects in early January. These changes are part of the work to replace the outdated [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|RESTBase]] system.
* The [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/986172 2024 Developer Satisfaction Survey] is seeking the opinions of the Wikimedia developer community. Please take the survey if you have any role in developing software for the Wikimedia ecosystem. The survey is open until 3 January 2025, and has an associated [[foundation:Legal:Developer Satisfaction Survey 2024 Privacy Statement|privacy statement]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation discussions with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12 December 2024 08:00 UTC|December 12 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Event:Commons community discussion - 12_December 2024 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is new media and new contributors. Contributors from all wikis are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:०१, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: November 2024 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 13 • Issue 9 • November 2024&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2024/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Student Programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language|Citizenship and free knowledge on Wikipedia in Albanian language]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week|Engaging students with Wikipedia and Wikidata at Hasanuddin University’s Wikimedia Week]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania|Minigrant initiative by empowering the Rrëshen community in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024|Wikidata birthday in Albania, 2024]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikidata birthday in School |Wikidata birthday in School]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University|Wikimedia Education Workshop at Lumbini Technological University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content|Wikimedia MKD's new collaborations and new content]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2024/Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program|Improving Historical Knowledge on Persian Wikipedia through a continuous Wikimedia Education Program: Shahid Beheshti University Wikipedia Education Program]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५८, १० डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2024-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Interested in improving event management on your home wiki? The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] offers organizers features like event registration management, event/wikiproject promotion, finding potential participants, and more - all directly on-wiki. If you are an organizer or think your community would benefit from this extension, start a discussion to enable it on your wiki today. To learn more about how to enable this extension on your wiki, visit the [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|deployment status page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in Italy and Mexico on the Italian, Spanish, and English Wikipedias, can see a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review|personalized Year in Review]] with insights based on their reading and editing history.
* Users of the Android Wikipedia App in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia can see the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Rabbit Holes|Rabbit Holes]] feature. This feature shows a suggested search term in the Search bar based on the current article being viewed, and a suggested reading list generated from the user’s last two visited articles.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|global reminder bot]] is now active and running on nearly 800 wikis. This service reminds most users holding temporary rights when they are about to expire, so that they can renew should they want to. See [[m:Global reminder bot/Technical details|the technical details page]] for more information.
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 13 January 2025 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was [[phab:T374988|fixed]] in the Android Wikipedia App which had caused translatable SVG images to show the wrong language when they were tapped.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There is no new MediaWiki version next week. The next deployments will start on 14 January. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/Deployments/Yearly_calendar/2025] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2024-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:१०, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२४ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Single User Login system is being updated over the next few months. This is the system which allows users to fill out the login form on one Wikimedia site and get logged in on all others at the same time. It needs to be updated because of the ways that browsers are increasingly restricting cross-domain cookies. To accommodate these restrictions, login and account creation pages will move to a central domain, but it will still appear to the user as if they are on the originating wiki. The updated code will be enabled this week for users on test wikis. This change is planned to roll out to all users during February and March. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and a timeline.

'''Updates for editors'''
* On wikis with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments|PageAssessments]] installed, you can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:PageAssessments#Search|filter search results]] to pages in a given WikiProject by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;inproject:&lt;/code&gt; keyword. (These wikis: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwikivoyage/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-huwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-newiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378868] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q34129|Tigre]] ([[w:tig:|&lt;code&gt;w:tig:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381377]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with updating a user's edit-count after making a rollback edit, which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382592]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia REST API users, such as bot operators and tool maintainers, may be affected by ongoing upgrades. Starting the week of January 13, we will begin rerouting [[phab:T374683|some page content endpoints]] from RESTbase to the newer MediaWiki REST API endpoints for all wiki projects. This change was previously available on testwiki and should not affect existing functionality, but active users of the impacted endpoints may raise issues directly to the [[phab:project/view/6931/|MediaWiki Interfaces Team]] in Phabricator if they arise.
* Toolforge tool maintainers can now share their feedback on Toolforge UI, an initiative to provide a web platform that allows creating and managing Toolforge tools through a graphic interface, in addition to existing command-line workflows. This project aims to streamline active maintainers’ tasks, as well as make registration and deployment processes more accessible for new tool creators. The initiative is still at a very early stage, and the Cloud Services team is in the process of collecting feedback from the Toolforge community to help shape the solution to their needs. [[wikitech:Wikimedia Cloud Services team/EnhancementProposals/Toolforge UI|Read more and share your thoughts about Toolforge UI]]. 
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] For tool and library developers who use the OAuth system: The identity endpoint used for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user|OAuth 1]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#Identifying the user 2|OAuth 2]] returned a JSON object with an integer in its &lt;code&gt;sub&lt;/code&gt; field, which was incorrect (the field must always be a string). This has been fixed; the fix will be deployed to Wikimedia wikis on the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382139]
* Many wikis currently use [[:mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|Cite CSS]] to render custom footnote markers in Parsoid output. Starting January 20 these rules will be disabled, but the developers ask you to ''not'' clean up your &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt; until February 20 to avoid issues during the migration. Your wikis might experience some small changes to footnote markers in Visual Editor and when using experimental Parsoid read mode, but if there are changes these are expected to bring the rendering in line with the legacy parser output. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370027]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next meeting in the series of [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:WMF support for Commons/Commons community calls|Wikimedia Foundation Community Conversations with the Wikimedia Commons community]] will take place on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 08:00 UTC|January 15 at 8:00 UTC]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Commons community discussion - 15 January 2025 16:00 UTC|at 16:00 UTC]]. The topic of this call is defining the priorities in tool investment for Commons. Contributors from all wikis, especially users who are maintaining tools for Commons, are welcome to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:२७, १४ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can mass-delete multiple pages created by a user or IP address using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Nuke|Extension:Nuke]]. It previously only allowed deletion of pages created in the last 30 days. It can now delete pages from the last 90 days, provided it is targeting a specific user or IP address. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380846]
* On [[phab:P72148|wikis that use]] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Patrolled edits|Patrolled edits]] feature, when the rollback feature is used to revert an unpatrolled page revision, that revision will now be marked as &quot;manually patrolled&quot; instead of &quot;autopatrolled&quot;, which is more accurate. Some editors that use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:New filters for edit review/Filtering|filters]] on Recent Changes may need to update their filter settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T302140]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Visual Editor's &quot;Insert link&quot; feature did not always suggest existing pages properly when an editor started typing, which has now been [[phab:T383497|fixed]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Structured Discussion extension (also known as Flow) is being progressively removed from the wikis. This extension is unmaintained and causes issues. It will be replaced by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]], which is used on any regular talk page. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Structured Discussions/Deprecation#Deprecation timeline|The last group of wikis]] ({{int:project-localized-name-cawikiquote/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fiwikimedia/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-gomwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kabwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwikibooks/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-sewikimedia/en}}) will soon be contacted. If you have questions about this process, please ping [[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] at your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380912]
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical_Community_Newsletter/2025/January|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: updates about services from the Data Platform Engineering teams, information about Codex from the Design System team, and more.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:२२, २१ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Patrollers and admins - what information or context about edits or users could help you to make patroller or admin decisions more quickly or easily? The Wikimedia Foundation wants to hear from you to help guide its upcoming annual plan. Please consider sharing your thoughts on this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|13 other questions]] to shape the technical direction for next year.

'''Updates for editors'''
* iOS Wikipedia App users worldwide can now access a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Personalized Wikipedia Year in Review/How your data is used|personalized Year in Review]] feature, which provides insights based on their reading and editing history on Wikipedia. This project is part of a broader effort to help welcome new readers as they discover and interact with encyclopedic content.
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Edit patrollers now have a new feature available that can highlight potentially problematic new pages. When a page is created with the same title as a page which was previously deleted, a tag ('Recreated') will now be added, which users can filter for in [[{{#special:RecentChanges}}]] and [[{{#special:NewPages}}]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T56145]
* Later this week, there will be a new warning for editors if they attempt to create a redirect that links to another redirect (a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Redirects#Double redirects|double redirect]]). The feature will recommend that they link directly to the second redirect's target page. Thanks to the user SomeRandomDeveloper for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326056]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Wikimedia wikis allow [[w:en:WebAuthn|WebAuthn]]-based second factor checks (such as hardware tokens) during login, but the feature is [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Miscellaneous/Fix security key (WebAuthn) support|fragile]] and has very few users. The MediaWiki Platform team is temporarily disabling adding new WebAuthn keys, to avoid interfering with the rollout of [[mw:MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3]] (single user login version 3). Existing keys are unaffected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378402]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* For developers that use the [[wikitech:Data Platform/Data Lake/Edits/MediaWiki history dumps|MediaWiki History dumps]]: The Data Platform Engineering team has added a couple of new fields to these dumps, to support the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Temporary Accounts]] initiative. If you maintain software that reads those dumps, please review your code and the updated documentation, since the order of the fields in the row will change. There will also be one field rename: in the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;mediawiki_user_history&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; dump, the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; field will be renamed to &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;is_anonymous&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. The changes will take effect with the next release of the dumps in February. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LKMFDS62TXGDN6L56F4ABXYLN7CSCQDI/] 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:००, २८ जनवरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use the &quot;Special characters&quot; editing-toolbar menu can now see the 32 special characters you have used most recently, across editing sessions on that wiki. This change should help make it easier to find the characters you use most often. The feature is in both the 2010 wikitext editor and VisualEditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T110722]
* Editors using the 2010 wikitext editor can now create sublists with correct indentation by selecting the line(s) you want to indent and then clicking the toolbar buttons.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380438] You can now also insert &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags using a new toolbar button.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383010] Thanks to user stjn for these improvements.
* Help is needed to ensure the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]] works properly on each wiki.
** (1) Administrators should update the local versions of the page &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json&lt;/code&gt; to include entries for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;preprint&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;standard&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;dataset&lt;/code&gt;; Here are example diffs to replicate [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1189164774&amp;oldid=1165783565 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki%3ACitoid-template-type-map.json&amp;diff=1270832208&amp;oldid=1270828390 for 'standard' and 'dataset'].
** (2.1) If the citoid map in the citation template used for these types of references is missing, [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki#Step 2.a: Create a 'citoid' maps value for each citation template|one will need to be added]]. (2.2) If the citoid map does exist, the TemplateData will need to be updated to include new field names. Here are example updates [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270829051&amp;oldid=1262470053 for 'preprint'] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ACitation%2Fdoc&amp;diff=1270831369&amp;oldid=1270829480 for 'standard' and 'dataset']. The new fields that may need to be supported are &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;archiveID&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;identifier&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repository&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;organization&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;repositoryLocation&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;committee&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;versionNumber&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383666]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q15637215|Central Kanuri]] ([[w:knc:|&lt;code&gt;w:knc:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385181]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Wikisource/Wikimedia OCR|OCR (optical character recognition) tool]] used for Wikisource now supports a new language, Church Slavonic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384782]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५४, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== [[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]]बाट प्रश्न (११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५) ==

साच्चिकै लेख्न शैलीमा कस्तो प्रकारको शब्द चयन र प्रकाशन गर्दा कस्तो तरीकाबाट गर्न सकिन्छ हो मलाई Wikipediaको बारेमा ज्ञान् त छोइन अब सिक्न खोजिरहेको छु --[[User:मर्मिक|मर्मिक]] ([[User talk:मर्मिक|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) ११:३३, ४ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)

== This Month in Education: January 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 1 • January 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey|Advancing Education Pillar in Kosovo: 2024 Journey]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress|Auckland Museum Wikipedia Students Making Progress]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education|Celebrating 10 Years of Wiki Education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran|Empowering Multilingual Students: Expanding Wikipedia Through Collaboration of foreign languages faculty's students of the University of Tehran]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra|Ensuring accurate and authentic information with 1Lib1Ref Campaign in Anambra]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey |Experiences of Wikipedia in the classroom with a gender perspective in Monterrey]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania|Fine Arts University Students exploring Wikipedia in Tirana, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia|Lviv hosted Ukraine’s first student photo walk for Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia|Many new trained volunteers and new articles at the end of the year in Macedonia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil|Wikimedia and Scientific Events in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2025/Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop- Call for Contributions]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४१, ५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''

* The Product and Technology Advisory Council (PTAC) has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|a draft of their recommendations]] for the Wikimedia Foundation's Product and Technology department. They have recommended focusing on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback/Mobile experiences|mobile experiences]], particularly contributions. They request community [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/February 2025 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|feedback at the talk page]] by 21 February.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;Special pages&quot; portlet link will be moved from the &quot;Toolbox&quot; into the &quot;Navigation&quot; section of the main menu's sidebar by default. This change is because the Toolbox is intended for tools relating to the current page, not tools relating to the site, so the link will be more logically and consistently located. To modify this behavior and update CSS styling, administrators can follow the instructions at [[phab:T385346|T385346]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T333211]
* As part of this year's work around improving the ways readers discover content on the wikis, the Web team will be running an experiment with a small number of readers that displays some suggestions for related or interesting articles within the search bar. Please check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments#Experiment 1: Display article recommendations in more prominent locations, search|the project page]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template editors who use TemplateStyles can now customize output for users with specific accessibility needs by using accessibility related media queries (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-motion prefers-reduced-motion]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-reduced-transparency prefers-reduced-transparency]&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/prefers-contrast prefers-contrast]&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/forced-colors forced-colors]&lt;/code&gt;). Thanks to user Bawolff for these improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384175]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:22}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:22|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the global blocks log will now be shown directly on the {{#special:CentralAuth}} page, similarly to global locks, to simplify the workflows for stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377024]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Wikidata [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Default values for labels and aliases|now supports a special language as a &quot;default for all languages&quot;]] for labels and aliases. This is to avoid excessive duplication of the same information across many languages. If your Wikidata queries use labels, you may need to update them as some existing labels are getting removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T312511]
* The function &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;getDescription&lt;/code&gt; was invoked on every Wiki page read and accounts for ~2.5% of a page's total load time. The calculated value will now be cached, reducing load on Wikimedia servers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383660]
* As part of the RESTBase deprecation [[mw:RESTBase/deprecation|effort]], the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/related&lt;/code&gt; endpoint has been blocked as of February 6, 2025, and will be removed soon. This timeline was chosen to align with the deprecation schedules for older Android and iOS versions. The stable alternative is the &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;morelike&lt;/code&gt;&quot; action API in MediaWiki, and [[gerrit:c/mediawiki/services/mobileapps/+/982154/13/pagelib/src/transform/FooterReadMore.js|a migration example]] is available. The MediaWiki Interfaces team [[phab:T376297|can be contacted]] for any questions. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/GFC2IJO7L4BWO3YTM7C5HF4MCCBE2RJ2/]

'''In depth'''

* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Language and Internationalization newsletter]] is available. It includes: Updates about the &quot;Contribute&quot; menu; details on some of the newest language editions of Wikipedia; details on new languages supported by the MediaWiki interface; updates on the Community-defined lists feature; and more. 
* The latest [[mw:Extension:Chart/Project/Updates#January 2025: Better visibility into charts and tabular data usage|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on the progress towards bringing better visibility into global charts usage and support for categorizing pages in the Data namespace on Commons.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५७, ११ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Communities using growth tools can now showcase one event on the &lt;code&gt;{{#special:Homepage}}&lt;/code&gt; for newcomers. This feature will help newcomers to be informed about editing activities they can participate in. Administrators can create a new event to showcase at &lt;code&gt;{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}&lt;/code&gt;. To learn more about this feature, please read [[diffblog:2025/02/12/community-updates-module-connecting-newcomers-to-your-initiatives/|the Diff post]], have a look [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Community updates module|at the documentation]], or contact [[mw:Talk:Growth|the Growth team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|thumb|Highlighted talk pages improvements]]
* Starting next week, talk pages at these wikis – {{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}} – will get [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|a new design]]. This change was extensively tested as a Beta feature and is the last step of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|talk pages improvements]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379102]
* You can now navigate to view a redirect page directly from its action pages, such as the history page. Previously, you were forced to first go to the redirect target. This change should help editors who work with redirects a lot. Thanks to user stjn for this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T5324]
* When a Cite reference is reused many times, wikis currently show either numbers like &quot;1.23&quot; or localized alphabetic markers like &quot;a b c&quot; in the reference list. Previously, if there were so many reuses that the alphabetic markers were all used, [[MediaWiki:Cite error references no backlink label|an error message]] was displayed.  As part of the work to [[phab:T383036|modernize Cite customization]], these errors will no longer be shown and instead the backlinks will fall back to showing numeric markers like &quot;1.23&quot; once the alphabetic markers are all used.
* The log entries for each change to an editor's user-groups are now clearer by specifying exactly what has changed, instead of the plain before and after listings. Translators can [[phab:T369466|help to update the localized versions]]. Thanks to user Msz2001 for these improvements.
* A new filter has been added to the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool, which allows administrators to mass delete pages, to enable users to filter for pages in a range of page sizes (in bytes). This allows, for example, deleting pages only of a certain size or below. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378488]
* Non-administrators can now check which pages are able to be deleted using the [[{{#special:Nuke}}]] tool. Thanks to user MolecularPilot for this and the previous improvements. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376378]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:25}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:25|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed in the configuration for the AV1 video file format, which enables these files to play again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382193]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to most Wiktionaries over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyage to Parsoid Read Views last year. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385923][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371640]
* Developers of tools that run on-wiki should note that &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; is deprecated. Tools requiring &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Uri&lt;/code&gt; must explicitly declare &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.Uri&lt;/code&gt; as a ResourceLoader dependency, and should migrate to the browser native &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;URL&lt;/code&gt; API soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384515]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:०२, १८ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators can now customize how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User language|Babel feature]] creates categories using [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Babel}}]]. They can rename language categories, choose whether they should be auto-created, and adjust other settings. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374348]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://www.wikimedia.org/ wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; portal has been updated – and is receiving some ongoing improvements – to modernize and improve the accessibility of our portal pages. It now has better support for mobile layouts, updated wording and links, and better language support. Additionally, all of the Wikimedia project portals, such as &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://wikibooks.org wikibooks.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, now support dark mode when a reader is using that system setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373204][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368221][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Project_portals]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33965|Santali]] ([[wikt:sat:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:sat:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386619]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that prevented clicking on search results in the web-interface for some Firefox for Android phone configurations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381289]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next Language Community Meeting is happening soon, February 28th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1740751200 14:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: highlights and technical updates on keyboard and tools for the Sámi languages, Translatewiki.net contributions from the Bahasa Lampung community in Indonesia, and technical Q&amp;A. If you'd like to join, simply [[mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#28 February 2025|sign up on the wiki page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:२६, २५ फेब्रुअरी २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* All logged-in editors using the mobile view can now edit a full page. The &quot;{{int:Minerva-page-actions-editfull}}&quot; link is accessible from the &quot;{{int:minerva-page-actions-overflow}}&quot; menu in the toolbar. This was previously only available to editors using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|Advanced mobile contributions]] setting. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387180]
* Interface administrators can now help to remove the deprecated Cite CSS code matching &quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-ref&lt;/code&gt;&quot; from their local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Common.css]]&lt;/bdi&gt;. The list of wikis in need of cleanup, and the code to remove, [https://global-search.toolforge.org/?q=mw-ref%5B%5E-a-z%5D&amp;regex=1&amp;namespaces=8&amp;title=.*css can be found with this global search] and in [https://ace.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Common.css&amp;oldid=145662#L-139--L-144 this example], and you can learn more about how to help on the [[mw:Parsoid/Parser Unification/Cite CSS|CSS migration project page]]. The Cite footnote markers (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) are now rendered by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid|Parsoid]], and the deprecated CSS is no longer needed. The CSS for backlinks (&quot;&lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw:referencedBy&lt;/code&gt;&quot;) should remain in place for now. This cleanup is expected to cause no visible changes for readers. Please help to remove this code before March 20, after which the development team will do it for you.
* When editors embed a file (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[File:MediaWiki.png]]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) on a page that is protected with cascading protection, the software will no longer restrict edits to the file description page, only to new file uploads.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24521] In contrast, transcluding a file description page (e.g. &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{:File:MediaWiki.png}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) will now restrict edits to the page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62109]
* When editors revert a file to an earlier version it will now require the same permissions as ordinarily uploading a new version of the file. The software now checks for 'reupload' or 'reupload-own' rights,[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T304474] and respects cascading protection.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T140010]
* When administrators are listing pages for deletion with the Nuke tool, they can now also list associated talk pages and redirects for deletion, alongside pages created by the target, rather than needing to manually delete these pages afterwards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T95797]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/03|previously noted]] update to Single User Login, which will accommodate browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies by moving login and account creation to a central domain, will now roll out to all users during March and April. The team plans to enable it for all new account creation on [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Tuesday|Group0]] wikis this week. See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3#Deployment|the SUL3 project page]] for more details and an updated timeline.
* Since last week there has been a bug that shows some interface icons as black squares until the page has fully loaded. It will be fixed this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387351]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q2044560|Sylheti]] ([[w:syl:|&lt;code&gt;w:syl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386441]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed with loading images in very old versions of the Firefox browser on mobile. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386400]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०८:१६, ४ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors who use password managers at multiple wikis may notice changes in the future. The way that our wikis provide information to password managers about reusing passwords across domains has recently been updated, so some password managers might now offer you login credentials that you saved for a different Wikimedia site. Some password managers already did this, and are now doing it for more Wikimedia domains. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|SUL3 project]] which aims to improve how our unified login works, and to keep it compatible with ongoing changes to the web-browsers we use. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T385520][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384844]
* The Wikipedia Apps Team is inviting interested users to help improve Wikipedia’s offline and limited internet use. After discussions in [[m:Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]] and the last [[m:Special:MyLanguage/ESEAP Hub/Meetings|ESEAP call]], key challenges like search, editing, and offline access are being explored, with upcoming focus groups to dive deeper into these topics. All languages are welcome, and interpretation will be available. Want to share your thoughts? [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Improving Wikipedia Mobile Apps for Offline &amp; Limited Internet Use|Join the discussion]] or email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;aramadan@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;!
* All wikis will be read-only for a few minutes on March 19. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 14:00 UTC]. More information will be published in Tech News and will also be posted on individual wikis in the coming weeks.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/33|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the launch of the Community Updates module, the most recent changes in Community Configuration, and the upcoming test of in-article suggestions for first-time editors.
* An old API that was previously used in the Android Wikipedia app is being removed at the end of March. There are no current software uses, but users of the app with a version that is older than 6 months by the time of removal (2025-03-31), will no longer have access to the Suggested Edits feature, until they update their app. You can [[diffblog:2025/02/24/sunset-of-wikimedia-recommendation-api/|read more details about this change]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:५५, ११ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: February 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 2 • February 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Activities series at the Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute|Wikimedia Brazil has formed a partnership with a public policy research institute]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs|Preserving Heritage: Tuluvas Aati Month Educational Wikimedia Programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Reflecting on our Past: Farewell to the Auckland Museum Summer Students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of &quot;Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom&quot; in Yemen|Successful Conclusion of the Second Phase of &quot;Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom&quot; in Yemen]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica |Wiki Workshop in Mitrovica]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles|Wikimedia MKD' Education: Lots of new trained users, lots of new articles]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2025/Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar|Wikimedia Serbia receives accreditation from the National Library of Serbia for the Wiki Senior seminar]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १४:४९, १२ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Twice a year, around the equinoxes, the Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team performs [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|a datacenter server switchover]], redirecting all traffic from one primary server to its backup. This provides reliability in case of a crisis, as we can always fall back on the other datacenter. [http://listen.hatnote.com/ Thanks to the Listen to Wikipedia] tool, you can hear the switchover take place: Before it begins, you'll hear the steady stream of edits; Then, as the system enters a brief read-only phase, the sound stops for a couple of minutes, before resuming after the switchover. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]]. If you want to keep an ear out for the next server switchover, listen to the wikis on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1742392800 March 19 at 14:00 UTC].

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es improved Content Translation tool dashboard] is now available in [[phab:T387820|10 Wikipedias]] and will be available for all Wikipedias [[phab:T387821|soon]]. With [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|the unified dashboard]], desktop users can now: Translate new sections of an article; Discover and access topic-based [https://ig.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=ig&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits article suggestion filters] (initially available only for mobile device users); Discover and access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translation suggestions: Topic-based &amp; Community-defined lists|Community-defined lists]] filter, also known as &quot;Collections&quot;, from wiki-projects and campaigns.
* On Wikimedia Commons, a [[c:Commons:WMF support for Commons/Upload Wizard Improvements#Improve category selection|new system to select the appropriate file categories]] has been introduced: if a category has one or more subcategories, users will be able to click on an arrow that will open the subcategories directly within the form, and choose the correct one. The parent category name will always be shown on top, and it will always be possible to come back to it. This should decrease the amount of work for volunteers in fixing/creating new categories. The change is also available on mobile. These changes are part of planned improvements to the UploadWizard.
* The Community Tech team is seeking wikis to join a pilot for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] feature and a refreshed Special:Block page in late March. Multiblocks enables administrators to impose multiple different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. If you are an admin or steward and would like us to discuss joining the pilot with your community, please leave a message on the [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|project talk page]].
* Starting March 25, the Editing team will test a new feature for Edit Check at [[phab:T384372|12 Wikipedias]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi-check|Multi-Check]]. Half of the newcomers on these wikis will see all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#ref|Reference Checks]] during their edit session, while the other half will continue seeing only one. The goal of this test is to see if users are confused or discouraged when shown multiple Reference Checks (when relevant) within a single editing session. At these wikis, the tags used on edits that show References Check will be simplified, as multiple tags could be shown within a single edit. Changes to the tags are documented [[phab:T373949|on Phabricator]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379131]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]], which is a service for notifying users that their temporary user-rights are about to expire, now supports using the localized name of the user-rights group in the message heading. Translators can see the [[m:Global reminder bot/Translation|listing of existing translations and documentation]] to check if their language needs updating or creation.
* The [[Special:GlobalPreferences|GlobalPreferences]] gender setting, which is used for how the software should refer to you in interface messages, now works as expected by overriding the local defaults. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386584]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:26}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:26|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Wikipedia App for Android had a bug fixed for when a user is browsing and searching in multiple languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379777]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, the way that Codex styles are loaded will be changing. There is a small risk that this may result in unstyled interface message boxes on certain pages. User generated content (e.g. templates) is not impacted. Gadgets may be impacted. If you see any issues [[phab:T388847|please report them]]. See the linked task for details, screenshots, and documentation on how to fix any affected gadgets.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W12&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:३३, १८ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== [[प्रयोगकर्ता:Janak SK]]मा [[User:Janak SK|Janak SK]]को प्रश्न (१६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५) ==

रिमाल थर

रिमाल थर नेपालमा पाइने एउटा थर हो, जसलाई गैरदलित र दलित समुदाय दुबैमा वर्गीकृत गर्न सकिन्छ। ऐतिहासिक रूपमा, यो थर विभिन्न भौगोलिक स्थानहरूमा फैलिएको पाइन्छ।

इतिहास र उत्पत्ति

रिमाल थरका व्यक्तिहरू मुख्य रूपमा बैतडी जिल्लाको दुगेडाकेदार गाउँपालिका अन्तर्गत पर्ने रिम भन्ने ठाउँबाट बसाई सरी आएका मानिन्छन्। करिब पाँच-छ सय वर्ष पहिले, त्यहाँका केही व्यक्तिहरू दार्चुलाको लेकम गाउँपालिका तथा अन्य विभिन्न स्थानमा बसाइँ सरेका थिए। त्यस समयमा स्थानीय भूगोलको आधारमा थर कायम गर्ने परम्पराअनुसार रिम क्षेत्रबाट आएका व्यक्तिहरूले आफ्नो थरलाई रिमाल भनेर संशोधित गरेका थिए।

धार्मिक तथा सांस्कृतिक पक्ष

रिमाल थर भएका व्यक्तिहरू प्रमुख रूपमा हिन्दू धर्म मान्ने गर्छन्। उनीहरूले दशैँ, तिहार, जनै पूर्णिमा, र तीज जस्ता पर्वहरू विशेष रूपमा मनाउँछन्। परम्परागत रूपमा, तिनका संस्कार र चाडपर्वहरू क्षेत्रीय भिन्नताका आधारमा केही फरक देखिन्छ।

रिमाल थरको विविधता

रिमाल थर कुनै एकल समुदाय वा जातिमा मात्र सीमित छैन। नेपालमा पाइने सामाजिक तथा जातीय संरचनाका आधारमा यो थर विभिन्न समुदायमा रहेका व्यक्तिहरूले राखेको पाइन्छ। भूगोल, इतिहास, तथा पारिवारिक परम्पराका आधारमा यसको सामाजिक स्थान फरक हुन सक्छ।

सम्बन्धित विषयहरू

नेपालको थरहरूको उत्पत्ति

बैतडी जिल्लाको ऐतिहासिक बसाइँसराइ

नेपाली समाजमा थरको महत्व


---

यो जानकारीलाई विकिपिडियामा पोस्ट गर्दा थप विश्वसनीय स्रोतहरू उल्लेख गर्नुपर्छ। यदि थप प्रमाण र ऐतिहासिक सन्दर्भहरू उपलब्ध छन् भने, तिनलाई पनि समावेश गर्दा राम्रो हुनेछ। --[[User:Janak SK|Janak]] ([[User talk:Janak SK|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १६:२३, २० मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking your feedback on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|drafts of the objectives and key results that will shape the Foundation's Product and Technology priorities]] for the next fiscal year (starting in July). The objectives are broad high-level areas, and the key-results are measurable ways to track the success of their objectives. Please share your feedback on the talkpage, in any language, ideally before the end of April.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] will be released to multiple wikis (see [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|deployment plan]] for details) in April 2025, and the team has begun the process of engaging communities on the identified wikis. The extension provides tools to organize, manage, and promote collaborative activities (like events, edit-a-thons, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. The extension has three tools: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation Lists]]. It is currently on 13 Wikipedias, including English Wikipedia, French Wikipedia, and Spanish Wikipedia, as well as Wikidata. Questions or requests can be directed to the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:CampaignEvents|extension talk page]] or in Phabricator (with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag).
* Starting the week of March 31st, wikis will be able to set which user groups can view private registrants in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], as part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension. By default, event organizers and the local wiki admins will be able to see private registrants. This is a change from the current behavior, in which only event organizers can see private registrants. Wikis can change the default setup by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|requesting a configuration change]] in Phabricator (and adding the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;#campaigns-product-team&lt;/bdi&gt; tag). Participants of past events can cancel their registration at any time.
* Administrators at wikis that have a customized &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Sidebar]]&lt;/bdi&gt; should check that it contains an entry for the {{int:specialpages}} listing. If it does not, they should add it using &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;* specialpages-url|specialpages&lt;/code&gt;. Wikis with a default sidebar will see the link moved from the page toolbox into the sidebar menu in April. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388927]
* The Minerva skin (mobile web) combines both Notice and Alert notifications within the bell icon ([[File:OOjs UI icon bell.svg|16px|link=|class=skin-invert]]). There was a long-standing bug where an indication for new notifications was only shown if you had unseen Alerts. This bug is now fixed. In the future, Minerva users will notice a counter atop the bell icon when you have 1 or more unseen Notices and/or Alerts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T344029]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* VisualEditor has introduced a [[mw:VisualEditor/Hooks|new client-side hook]] for developers to use when integrating with the VisualEditor target lifecycle. This hook should replace the existing lifecycle-related hooks, and be more consistent between different platforms. In addition, the new hook will apply to uses of VisualEditor outside of just full article editing, allowing gadgets to interact with the editor in DiscussionTools as well. The Editing Team intends to deprecate and eventually remove the old lifecycle hooks, so any use cases that this new hook does not cover would be of interest to them and can be [[phab:T355555|shared in the task]].
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.Api&lt;/code&gt; JavaScript library, can now identify the tool using it with the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;userAgent&lt;/code&gt; parameter: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;var api = new mw.Api( { userAgent: 'GadgetNameHere/1.0.1' } );&lt;/code&gt;. If you maintain a gadget or user script, please set a user agent, because it helps with library and server maintenance and with differentiating between legitimate and illegitimate traffic. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373874][https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Wikimedia_Foundation_User-Agent_Policy]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W13&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:२८, २५ मार्च २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Editing team is working on a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit Check|Edit check]]: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check#26 March 2025|Peacock check]]. This check's goal is to identify non-neutral terms while a user is editing a wikipage, so that they can be informed that their edit should perhaps be changed before they publish it. This project is at the early stages, and the team is looking for communities' input: [[phab:T389445|in this Phabricator task]], they are gathering on-wiki policies, templates used to tag non-neutral articles, and the terms (jargon and keywords) used in edit summaries for the languages they are currently researching. You can participate by editing the table on Phabricator, commenting on the task, or directly messaging [[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Platform Team/SUL3|Single User Login]] has now been updated on all wikis to move login and account creation to a central domain. This makes user login compatible with browser restrictions on cross-domain cookies, which have prevented users of some browsers from staying logged in.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:35}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:35|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting on March 31st, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin a limited release of generated OpenAPI specs and a SwaggerUI-based sandbox experience for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API|MediaWiki REST APIs]]. They invite developers from a limited group of non-English Wikipedia communities (Arabic, German, French, Hebrew, Interlingua, Dutch, Chinese) to review the documentation and experiment with the sandbox in their preferred language. In addition to these specific Wikipedia projects, the sandbox and OpenAPI spec will be available on the [[testwiki:Special:RestSandbox|on the test wiki REST Sandbox special page]] for developers with English as their preferred language. During the preview period, the MediaWiki Interfaces Team also invites developers to [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|share feedback about your experience]]. The preview will last for approximately 2 weeks, after which the sandbox and OpenAPI specs will be made available across all wiki projects.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Sometimes a small, [[gerrit:c/operations/cookbooks/+/1129184|one line code change]] can have great significance: in this case, it means that for the first time in years we're able to run all of the stack serving &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[http://maps.wikimedia.org/ maps.wikimedia.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; - a host dedicated to serving our wikis and their multi-lingual maps needs - from a single core datacenter, something we test every time we perform a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter switchover]]. This is important because it means that in case one of our datacenters is affected by a catastrophe, we'll still be able to serve the site. This change is the result of [[phab:T216826|extensive work]] by two developers on porting the last component of the maps stack over to [[w:en:Kubernetes|kubernetes]], where we can allocate resources more efficiently than before, thus we're able to withstand more traffic in a single datacenter. This work involved a lot of complicated steps because this software, and the software libraries it uses, required many long overdue upgrades. This type of work makes the Wikimedia infrastructure more sustainable.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Workshop Spring 2025]] is happening in Sandusky, USA, and online, from 14–16 May 2025. The workshop will feature discussions around the usage of MediaWiki software by and within companies in different industries and will inspire and onboard new users. Registration and presentation signup is now available at the workshop's website.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W14&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५०, १ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=28473566 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From now on, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface admins]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Central notice administrators|centralnotice admins]] are technically required to enable [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] before they can use their privileges. In the future this might be expanded to more groups with advanced user-rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T150898]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The Design System Team is preparing to release the next major version of Codex (v2.0.0) on April 29. Editors and developers who use CSS from Codex should see the [[mw:Codex/Release Timeline/2.0|2.0 overview documentation]], which includes guidance related to a few of the breaking changes such as &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;font-size&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;line-height&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;size-icon&lt;/code&gt;.
* The results of the [[mw:Developer Satisfaction Survey/2025|Developer Satisfaction Survey (2025)]]  are now available. Thank you to all participants. These results help the Foundation decide what to work on next and to review what they recently worked on.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]] will take place in Istanbul, Turkey, between 2–4 May. Registration for attending the in-person event will close on 13 April. Before registering, please note the potential need for a [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkish-representations.en.mfa visa] or [https://www.mfa.gov.tr/visa-information-for-foreigners.en.mfa e-visa] to enter the country.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W15&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:३८, ८ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: March 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 3 • March 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia|A Whole New World: Research Findings on New Editor Integration in Serbian Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia|Bolivia: a new round of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania|Faculty of Social Sciences Workshop in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme|Lots of contributions and trainings as part of Wikimedia MKD's Education Programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2025/Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March|Wikimedia organized multiple events of science and education in Brazil during the month of March]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:४९, १० अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Later this week, the default thumbnail size will be increased from 220px to 250px. This changes how pages are shown in all wikis and has been requested by some communities for many years, but wasn't previously possible due to technical limitations. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]
* File thumbnails are now stored in discrete sizes. If a page specifies a thumbnail size that's not among the standard sizes (20, 40, 60, 120, 250, 330, 500, 960), then MediaWiki will pick the closest larger thumbnail size but will tell the browser to downscale it to the requested size. In these cases, nothing will change visually but users might load slightly larger images. If it doesn't matter which thumbnail size is used in a page, please pick one of the standard sizes to avoid the extra in-browser down-scaling step. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Thumbnail_sizes][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T355914]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation are working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]] which will enable [[:w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[:w:en:Denial-of-service attack|Distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is so that they can more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for.
* To improve security for users, a small percentage of logins will now require that the account owner input a one-time password [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:EmailAuth|emailed to their account]]. It is recommended that you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|check]] that the email address on your account is set correctly, and that it has been confirmed, and that you have an email set for this purpose. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390662]
* &quot;Are you interested in taking a short survey to improve tools used for reviewing or reverting edits on your Wiki?&quot; This question will be [[phab:T389401|asked at 7 wikis starting next week]], on Recent Changes and Watchlist pages. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools|Moderator Tools team]] wants to know more about activities that involve looking at new edits made to your Wikimedia project, and determining whether they adhere to your project's policies.
* On April 15, the full Wikidata graph will no longer be supported on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;. After this date, scholarly articles will be available through &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;[https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/ query-scholarly.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt;, while the rest of the data hosted on Wikidata will be available through the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[https://query.wikidata.org/ query.wikidata.org]&lt;/bdi&gt; endpoint. This is part of the scheduled split of the Wikidata Graph, which was [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/September 2024 scaling update|announced in September 2024]]. More information is [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS graph split|available on Wikidata]].
* The latest quarterly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Newsletter/First quarter of 2025|Wikimedia Apps Newsletter]] is now available. It covers updates, experiments, and improvements made to the Wikipedia mobile apps.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Technical Community Newsletter/2025/April|Technical Community Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: an invitation for tool maintainers to attend the Toolforge UI Community Feedback Session on April 15th; recent community metrics; and recent technical blog posts.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W16&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:१०, १५ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] is now integrated with [[w:dag:Solɔɣu|Dagbani Wikipedia]] since April 15. It is the first project that will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in articles. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template. [https://www.wikifunctions.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status_updates/2025-04-16]
* A new type of lint error has been created: [[Special:LintErrors/empty-heading|{{int:linter-category-empty-heading}}]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Lint errors/empty-heading|documentation]]). The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Linter|Linter extension]]'s purpose is to identify wikitext patterns that must or can be fixed in pages and provide some guidance about what the problems are with those patterns and how to fix them. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T368722]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Following its publication on HuggingFace, the &quot;Structured Contents&quot; dataset, developed by Wikimedia Enterprise, is [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/kaggle-dataset/ now also available on Kaggle]. This Beta initiative is focused on making Wikimedia data more machine-readable for high-volume reusers. They are releasing this beta version in a location that open dataset communities already use, in order to seek feedback, to help improve the product for a future wider release. You can read more about the overall [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-snapshot-api/#open-datasets Structured Contents project], and about the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/structured-contents-wikipedia-infobox/ first release that's freely usable].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The Editing and Machine Learning Teams invite interested volunteers to a video meeting to discuss [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]], which is the latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]] that will detect &quot;peacock&quot; or &quot;overly-promotional&quot; or &quot;non-neutral&quot; language whilst an editor is typing. Editors who work with newcomers, or help to fix this kind of writing, or are interested in how we use artificial intelligence in our projects are encouraged to attend. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team/Community Conversations#Next Conversation|meeting will be on April 28, 2025]] at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745863200 18:00–19:00 UTC] and hosted on Zoom.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W17&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:४६, २२ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Event organizers who host collaborative activities on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#Global Deployment Plan|multiple wikis]], including Bengali, Japanese, and Korean Wikipedias, will have access to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] this week. Also, admins in the Wikipedia where the extension is enabled will automatically be granted the event organizer right soon. They won't have to manually grant themselves the right before they can manage events as [[phab:T386861|requested by a community]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The release of the next major version of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the design system for Wikimedia, is scheduled for 29 April 2025. Technical editors will have access to the release by the week of 5 May 2025. This update will include a number of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Breaking_changes|breaking changes]] and minor [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release_Timeline/2.0#Visual_changes|visual changes]]. Instructions on handling the breaking and visual changes are documented on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Release Timeline/2.0#|this page]]. Pre-release testing is reported in [[phab:T386298|T386298]], with post-release issues tracked in [[phab:T392379|T392379]] and [[phab:T392390|T392390]].
* Users of [[wikitech:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Wiki_Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will notice that the database views of &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_ipindex&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ipblocks_compat&lt;/code&gt; are [[phab:T390767|now deprecated]]. Users can query the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block_target_table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; new views that mirror the new tables in the production database instead. The deprecated views will be removed entirely from Wiki Replicas in June, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes an overview of the improved [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;campaign=contributionsmenu&amp;to=es&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en#/ Content Translation Dashboard Tool], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Language Support for New and Existing Languages|support for new languages]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/April#Wiki Loves Ramadan Articles Made In Content Translation Mobile Workflow|highlights from the Wiki Loves Ramadan campaign]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Languages Onboarding Experiment 2024 - Executive Summary|results from the Language Onboarding Experiment]], an analysis of topic diversity in articles, and information on upcoming community meetings and events.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Knowledge_Sharing/Connect/Calendar|Let's Connect Learning Clinic]] will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1745937000 April 29 at 14:30 UTC]. This edition will focus on &quot;Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects&quot;. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Learning Clinic %E2%80%93 Understanding and Navigating Conflict in Wikimedia Projects (Part_1)|register now]] to attend.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Hackathon 2025|2025 Wikimedia Hackathon]], which brings the global technical community together to connect, brainstorm, and hack existing projects, will take place from May 2 to 4th, 2025, at Istanbul, Turkey.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W18&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:१७, २९ अप्रिल २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared the latest draft update to their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|annual plan]] for next year (July 2025–June 2026). This includes an [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|executive summary]] (also on [[diffblog:2025/04/25/sharing-the-wikimedia-foundations-2025-2026-draft-annual-plan/|Diff]]), details about the three main [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals|goals]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Infrastructure]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Volunteer Support|Volunteer Support]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Goals/Effectiveness|Effectiveness]]), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Global Trends|global trends]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Budget Overview|budget]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026/Financial Model|financial model]]. Feedback and questions are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|talk page]] until the end of May.

'''Updates for editors'''
* For wikis that have the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|CampaignEvents extension enabled]], two new feature improvements have been released:
** Admins can now choose which namespaces are permitted for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] via [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Community Configuration|Community Configuration]] ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Permitted namespaces|documentation]]). The default setup is for event registration to be permitted in the Event namespace, but other namespaces (such as the project namespace or WikiProject namespace) can now be added. With this change, communities like WikiProjects can now more easily use Event Registration for their collaborative activities.
** Editors can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Transclusion|transclude]] the Collaboration List on a wiki page ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Collaboration list/Transclusion|documentation]]). The Collaboration List is an automated list of events and WikiProjects on the wikis, accessed via {{#special:AllEvents}} ([[w:en:Special:AllEvents|example]]). Now, the Collaboration List can be added to all sorts of wiki pages, such as: a wiki mainpage, a WikiProject page, an affiliate page, an event page, or even a user page.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers who use the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library in gadgets and user scripts should revise their code to use alternatives like the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;Intl&lt;/code&gt; library or the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mediawiki.DateFormatter&lt;/code&gt; library. The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;moment&lt;/code&gt; library has been deprecated and will begin to log messages in the developer console. You can see a global search for current uses, and [[phab:T392532|ask related questions in this Phabricator task]].
* Developers who maintain a tool that queries the Wikidata term store tables (&lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space: nowrap;&quot;&gt;wbt_*&lt;/code&gt;) need to update their code to connect to a separate database cluster. These tables are being split into a separate database cluster. Tools that query those tables via the wiki replicas must be adapted to connect to the new cluster instead. [[wikitech:News/2025 Wikidata term store database split|Documentation and related links are available]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390954]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.44/wmf.28|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates|Chart Project newsletter]] is available. It includes updates on preparing to expand the deployment to additional wikis as soon as this week (starting May 6) and scaling up over the following weeks, plus exploring filtering and transforming source data.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W19&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:००, ६ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: April 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 4 • April 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia|Ceremony of giving certificates and awarding the winners of the edit-a-thon: Meet Slovenia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/The Workshops Wikimedia &amp; Education are back in Brazil|The Workshops Wikimedia &amp; Education are back in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools|EduWiki Nigeria: Advancing Digital Literacy in Schools]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja|Empowering the Next Generation: Wikidata Training at Federal Government Boys College, FGBC Abuja]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania|Final Wikipedia project with Shefit Hekali school in Peqin, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues |Teachers who graduated from the Leamos Wikipedia program in Bolivia become mentors for their colleagues]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania|Wikivoyage in Has region, Northern Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2025/Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza|Wikivoyage workshop in Bulqiza]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:३३, १० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|&quot;Get shortened URL&quot;]] link on the sidebar now includes a [[phab:T393309|QR code]]. Wikimedia site users can now use it by scanning or downloading it to quickly share and access shared content from Wikimedia sites, conveniently.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is working on a system called [[m:Edge Uniques|Edge Uniques]], which will enable [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B testing]], help protect against [[w:en:Denial-of-service attack|distributed denial-of-service attacks]] (DDoS attacks), and make it easier to understand how many visitors the Wikimedia sites have. This is to help more efficiently build tools which help readers, and make it easier for readers to find what they are looking for. Tech News has [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/16|previously written about this]]. The deployment will be gradual. Some might see the Edge Uniques cookie the week of 19 May. You can discuss this on the [[m:Talk:Edge Uniques|talk page]].
* Starting May 19, 2025, Event organisers in wikis with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled can use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] in the project namespace (e.g., Wikipedia namespace, Wikidata namespace). With this change, communities don't need admins to use the feature. However, wikis that don't want this change can remove and add the permitted namespaces at [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/CampaignEvents]].
* The Wikipedia project now has a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q36720|Nupe]] ([[w:nup:|&lt;code&gt;w:nup:&lt;/code&gt;]]). This is a language primarily spoken in the North Central region of Nigeria. Speakers of this language are invited to contribute to [[w:nup:Tatacin feregi|new Wikipedia]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Developers can now access pre-parsed Dutch Wikipedia, amongst others (English, German, French, Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese) through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/snapshot/#structured-contents-snapshot-bundle-info-beta Structured Contents snapshots (beta)]. The content includes parsed Wikipedia abstracts, descriptions, main images, infoboxes, article sections, and references.
* The &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;/page/data-parsoid&lt;/code&gt; REST API endpoint is no longer in use and will be deprecated. It is [[phab:T393557|scheduled to be turned off]] on June 7, 2025.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.1|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/wiki/News/2025_Cloud_VPS_VXLAN_IPv6_migration IPv6 support] is a newly introduced Cloud virtual network that significantly boosts Wikimedia platforms' scalability, security, and readiness for the future. If you are a technical contributor eager to learn more, check out [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/05/06/wikimedia-cloud-vps-ipv6-support/ this blog post] for an in-depth look at the journey to IPv6.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 2nd edition of 2025 of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Afrika Baraza|Afrika Baraza]], a virtual platform for African Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747328400 May 15 at 17:00 UTC]. This edition will focus on discussions regarding [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2025-2026|Wikimedia Annual planning and progress]].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MENA Connect Community Call|MENA Connect Community Call]], a virtual meeting for [[w:en:Middle East and North Africa|MENA]] Wikimedians to connect, will take place on [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1747501200 May 17 at 17:00 UTC]. You can [[m:Event:MENA Connect (Wiki_Diwan) APP Call|register now]] to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:२३, १३ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check|Peacock check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Peacock language model for the following languages: Arabic, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Japanese. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Edit check/Peacock check/model test|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on May 23, which will be the start date of the test.

'''Updates for editors'''

* From May 20, 2025, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|oversighters]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Meta:CheckUsers|checkusers]] will need to have their accounts secured with two-factor authentication (2FA) to be able to use their advanced rights. All users who belong to these two groups and do not have 2FA enabled have been informed. In the future, this requirement may be extended to other users with advanced rights. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]]  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|Multiblocks]] will begin mass deployment by the end of the month: all non-Wikipedia projects plus Catalan Wikipedia will adopt Multiblocks in the week of May 26, while all other Wikipedias will adopt it in the week of June 2. Please [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey 2023/Multiblocks|contact the team]] if you have concerns. Administrators can test the new user interface now on your own wiki by browsing to [{{fullurl:Special:Block|usecodex=1}} {{#special:Block}}?usecodex=1], and can test the full multiblocks functionality [[testwiki:Special:Block|on testwiki]]. Multiblocks is the feature that makes it possible for administrators to impose different types of blocks on the same user at the same time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|help page]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* Later this week, the [[{{#special:SpecialPages}}]] listing of almost all special pages will be updated with a new design. This page has been [[phab:T219543|redesigned]] to improve the user experience in a few ways, including: The ability to search for names and aliases of the special pages, sorting, more visible marking of restricted special pages, and a more mobile-friendly look. The new version can be [https://meta.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Special:SpecialPages previewed] at Beta Cluster now, and feedback shared in the task. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T219543]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is being enabled on more wikis. For a detailed list of when the extension will be enabled on your wiki, please read the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|deployment timeline]].
* [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Main Page|Wikifunctions]] will be deployed on May 27 on five Wiktionaries: [[wikt:ha:|Hausa]], [[wikt:ig:|Igbo]], [[wikt:bn:|Bengali]], [[wikt:ml:|Malayalam]], and [[wikt:dv:|Dhivehi/Maldivian]]. This is the second batch of deployment planned for the project. After deployment, the projects will be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them in their pages. A function is something that takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, such as adding up two numbers, converting miles into metres, calculating how much time has passed since an event, or declining a word into a case. Wikifunctions will allow users to do that through a simple call of [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Catalogue|a stable and global function]], rather than via a local template.
* Later this week, the Wikimedia Foundation will publish a hub for [[diffblog:2024/07/09/on-the-value-of-experimentation/|experiments]]. This is to showcase and get user feedback on product experiments. The experiments help the Wikimedia movement [[diffblog:2023/07/13/exploring-paths-for-the-future-of-free-knowledge-new-wikipedia-chatgpt-plugin-leveraging-rich-media-social-apps-and-other-experiments/|understand new users]], how they interact with the internet and how it could affect the Wikimedia movement. Some examples are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Generated Video|generated video]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Roblox game|Wikipedia Roblox speedrun game]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Future Audiences/Discord bot|the Discord bot]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a bug with creating an account using the API, which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T390751]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets and user scripts that interact with [[{{#special:Block}}]] may need to be updated to work with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|manage blocks interface]]. Please review the [[mw:Help:Manage blocks/Developers|developer guide]] for more information. If you need help or are unable to adapt your script to the new interface, please let the team know on the [[mw:Help talk:Manage blocks/Developers|talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T377121]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.title&lt;/code&gt; object allows you to get information about a specific wiki page in the [[w:en:Wikipedia:Lua|Lua]] programming language. Starting this week, a new property will be added to the object, named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;isDisambiguationPage&lt;/code&gt;. This property allows you to check if a page is a disambiguation page, without the need to write a custom function. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T71441]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|15px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] User script developers can use a [[toolforge:gitlab-content|new reverse proxy tool]] to load javascript and css from [[gitlab:|gitlab.wikimedia.org]] with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.loader.load&lt;/code&gt;. The tool's author hopes this will enable collaborative development workflows for user scripts including linting, unit tests, code generation, and code review on &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;gitlab.wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt; without a separate copy-and-paste step to publish scripts to a Wikimedia wiki for integration and acceptance testing. See [[wikitech:Tool:Gitlab-content|Tool:Gitlab-content on Wikitech]] for more information.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The 12th edition of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Workshop 2025|Wiki Workshop 2025]], a forum that brings together researchers that explore all aspects of Wikimedia projects, will be held virtually on 21-22 May. Researchers can [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/wikiworkshop2025/ register now].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W21&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:५८, २० मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A community-wide discussion about a very delicate issue for the development of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]] is now open on Meta: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. The discussion is open until June 12 at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]], and every opinion is welcomed. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Since last week, on all wikis except [[phab:T388604|the largest 20]], people using the mobile visual editor will have [[phab:T385851|additional tools in the menu bar]], accessed using the new &lt;code&gt;+&lt;/code&gt; toolbar button. To start, the new menu will include options to add: citations, hieroglyphs, and code blocks. Deployment to the remaining wikis is [[phab:T388605|scheduled]] to happen in June.
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserFunctions##ifexist|#ifexist]]&lt;/code&gt; parser function will no longer register a link to its target page. This will improve the usefulness of [[{{#special:WantedPages}}]], which will eventually only list pages that are the target of an actual red link. This change will happen gradually as the source pages are updated. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T14019]
* This week, the Moderator Tools team will launch [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], starting at Indonesian Wikipedia. This new filter highlights edits that are likely to be reverted. The goal is to help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic edits. Other wikis will benefit from this filter in the future.
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. Readers of Catalan, Hebrew, and Italian Wikipedias and some sister projects will receive the change between May 21 and mid-June. Readers of other wikis will receive the change later. The goal is to encourage users to read the wikis more. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* Some users of the Wikipedia Android app can use a new feature for readers, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|WikiGames]], a daily trivia game based on real historical events. The release has started as an A/B test, available to 50% of users in the following languages: English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Newsletter|Newsletter extension]] that is available on MediaWiki.org allows the creation of [[mw:Special:Newsletters|various newsletters]] for global users. The extension can now publish new issues as section links on an existing page, instead of requiring a new page for each issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393844]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The previously deprecated &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Ipblocks table|ipblocks]]&lt;/code&gt; views in [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|Wiki Replicas]] will be removed in the beginning of June. Users are encouraged to query the new &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block table|block]]&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block target table|block_target]]&lt;/code&gt; views instead.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects|Wikidata and Sister Projects]] is a multi-day online event that will focus on how Wikidata is integrated to Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia projects. The event runs from May 29 – June 1. You can [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Wikidata and Sister Projects#Sessions|read the Program schedule]] and [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1291|register]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:५०, २७ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: May 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 5 • May 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania|Journalism students at Aleksandër Xhuvani University explore Wikipedia in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania|Reviewing pending articles editathon with high school students in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May|Several educational workshops to promote science on Wiki were held in Brazil in the month of May]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program|Simón Bolívar Teacher Training College joins the Let's Read Wikipedia Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop|Students become Editors: Wikimedia Chile launches Latin America's first Vikidia Workshop]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia |The DemocraTICon competition was held, this year for the first time with a discipline focused on Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2025/Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje|Wikimedia MKD's &quot;Lajka&quot; workshop in Skopje]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४३, २८ मे २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Chart extension]] is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Editors can use this new extension to create interactive data visualizations like bar, line, area, and pie charts. Charts are designed to replace many of the uses of the legacy [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|Graph extension]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* It is now easier to configure automatic citations for your wiki within the visual editor's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|citation generator]]. Administrators can now set a default template by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;_default&lt;/code&gt; key in the local &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[MediaWiki:Citoid-template-type-map.json]]&lt;/bdi&gt; page ([[mw:Special:Diff/6969653/7646386|example diff]]). Setting this default will also help to future-proof your existing configurations when [[phab:T347823|new item types]] are added in the future. You can still set templates for individual item types as they will be preferred to the default template. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T384709]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting the week of June 2, bots logging in using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=clientlogin&lt;/code&gt; will fail more often. This is because of stronger protections against suspicious logins. Bots using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Bot passwords|bot passwords]] or using a loginless authentication method such as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/Owner-only consumers|OAuth]] are not affected. If your bot is not using one of those, you should update it; using &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;action=login&lt;/code&gt; without a bot password was deprecated [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/3EEMN7VQX5G7WMQI5K2GP5JC2336DPTD/|in 2016]]. For most bots, this only requires changing what password the bot uses. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395205]
* From this week, Wikimedia wikis will allow ES2017 features in JavaScript code for official code, gadgets, and user scripts. The most visible feature of ES2017 is &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;async&lt;/code&gt;/&lt;code&gt;await&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; syntax, allowing for easier-to-read code. Until this week, the platform only allowed up to ES2016, and a few months before that, up to ES2015. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381537]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Scholarship applications to participate in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025|GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]] are now open. The conference will take place from 30 October to 1 November, in Lisbon, Portugal. GLAM contributors who lack the means to support their participation can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/GLAM Wiki 2025/Scholarships|apply here]]. Scholarship applications close on June 7th.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:४०, ३ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product|Trust and Safety Product team]] is finalizing work needed to roll out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] on large Wikipedias later this month. The team has worked with stewards and other users with extended rights to predict and address many use cases that may arise on larger wikis, so that community members can continue to effectively moderate and patrol temporary accounts. This will be the second of three phases of deployment – the last one will take place in September at the earliest. For more information about the recent developments on the project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|see this update]]. If you have any comments or questions, write on the [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|talk page]], and [[m:Event:CEE Catch up Nr. 10 (June 2025)|join a CEE Catch Up]] this Tuesday.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist expiry|watchlist expiry]] feature allows editors to watch pages for a limited period of time. After that period, the page is automatically removed from your watchlist. Starting this week, you can set a preference for the default period of time to watch pages. The [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist-pageswatchlist|preferences]] also allow you to set different default watch periods for editing existing pages, pages you create, and when using rollback. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265716]
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* The appearance of talk pages will change at almost all Wikipedias ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2024/19|some]] have already received this design change, [[phab:T379264|a few]] will get these changes later). You can read details about the changes [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. It is possible to opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion|in user preferences]] (&quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T319146][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392121]
* Users with specific extended rights (including administrators, bureaucrats, checkusers, oversighters, and stewards) can now have IP addresses of all temporary accounts [[phab:T358853|revealed automatically]] during time-limited periods where they need to combat high-speed account-hopping vandalism. This feature was requested by stewards. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386492]
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to several more Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-afwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-bnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cywiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hawwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-iswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-simplewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* AbuseFilter editors active on Meta-Wiki and large Wikipedias are kindly asked to update AbuseFilter to make it compatible with temporary accounts. A link to the instructions and the private lists of filters needing verification are [[phab:T369611|available on Phabricator]].
* Lua modules now have access to the name of a page's associated thumbnail image, and on [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/g/operations/mediawiki-config/+/2e4ab14aa15bb95568f9c07dd777065901eb2126/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#10849 some wikis] to the WikiProject assessment information. This is possible using two new properties on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#added-by-extensions|mw.title objects]], named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageImage&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;pageAssessments&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131911][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380122]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W24&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:०२, १० जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* You can [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/359761?lang=en nominate your favorite tools] for the sixth edition of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|Coolest Tool Award]]. Nominations are anonymous and will be open until June 25. You can re-use the survey to nominate multiple tools.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Foundation staff and technical volunteers use Wikimedia APIs to build the tools, applications, features, and integrations that enhance user experiences. Over the coming years, the MediaWiki Interfaces team will be investing in Wikimedia web (HTTP) APIs to better serve technical volunteer needs and protect Wikimedia infrastructure from potential abuse. You can [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2025/06/12/apis-as-a-product-investing-in-the-current-and-next-generation-of-technical-contributors/ read more about their plans to evolve the APIs in this Techblog post].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W25&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:२४, १७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* This week, the Moderator Tools and Machine Learning teams will continue the rollout of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|a new filter to Recent Changes]], releasing it to the third and last batch of Wikipedias. This filter utilizes the Revert Risk model, which was created by the Research team, to highlight edits that are likely to be reverted and help Recent Changes patrollers identify potentially problematic contributions. The feature will be rolled out to the following Wikipedias: {{int:project-localized-name-azwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-lawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mkwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-mrwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nnwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-pawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-swwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-tlwiki/en}}. The rollout will continue in the coming weeks to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2025 RecentChanges Language Agnostic Revert Risk Filtering|the rest of the Wikipedias in this project]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391964]

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] were rolled out on Czech, Korean, and Turkish Wikipedias. This and next week, deployments on larger Wikipedias will follow. [[mw:Talk:Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|Share your thoughts]] about the project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340001]
* Later this week, the Editing team will release [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Multi check|Multi Check]] to all Wikipedias (except English Wikipedia). This feature shows multiple [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Reference check|Reference checks]] within the editing experience. This encourages users to add citations when they add multiple new paragraphs to a Wikipedia article. This feature was previously available as an A/B test. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/multi_check_ab_test_report_final.html#summary-of-results The test shows] that users who are shown multiple checks are 1.3 times more likely to add a reference to their edit, and their edit is less likely to be reverted (-34.7%). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395519]
* A few pages need to be renamed due to software updates and to match more recent Unicode standards. All of these changes are related to title-casing changes. Approximately 71 pages and 3 files will be renamed, across 15 wikis; the complete list is in [[phab:T396903|the task]]. The developers will rename these pages next week, and they will fix redirects and embedded file links a few minutes later via a system settings update.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused pages to scroll upwards when text near the top was selected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T364023]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Editors can now use Lua modules to filter and transform tabular data for use with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Extension:Chart]]. This can be used for things like selecting a subset of rows or columns from the source data, converting between units, statistical processing, and many other useful transformations. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Transforms|Information on how to use transforms is available]]. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project/Updates]
* The &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;all_links&lt;/code&gt; variable in [[Special:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is now renamed to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;new_links&lt;/code&gt; for consistency with other variables. Old usages will still continue to work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391811]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Newsletters/34|Growth newsletter]] is available. It includes: the recent updates for the &quot;Add a Link&quot; Task, two new Newcomer Engagement Features, and updates to Community Configuration.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W26&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:०६, २४ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: June 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 6 • June 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/June 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague|Albanian high school students at the Wikimedia Youth Conference 2025 in Prague]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program|Bolivia has 20 new teachers graduated from the Let's Read Wikipedia in the Classroom program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota|Brazil was present at the EduWiki Conference 2025 in Bogota]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT|Does Wikipedia has future in the times of Chat-GPT]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children|PhilWiki Community promotes accessible multilingual stories for children]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College|Reading and Editing Wikipedia in a Bangladeshi College]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June|Wikimedia MKD's Workshops in June]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/June 2025/Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival|Wikipedia meets 2500 Ukrainian educators at the country’s biggest education festival]]

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १३:०४, २७ जुन २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-27&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled on all Wikipedias. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Campaigns/Foundation Product Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status#How to Request the CampaignEvents Extension for your wiki|Deployment information page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* AbuseFilter maintainers can now [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:IPReputation/AbuseFilter variables|match against IP reputation data]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilters]]. IP reputation data is information about the proxies and VPNs associated with the user's IP address. This data is not shown publicly and is not generated for actions performed by registered accounts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T354599]
* Hidden content that is within [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Collapsible elements|collapsible parts of wikipages]] will now be revealed when someone searches the page using the web browser's &quot;Find in page&quot; function (Ctrl+F or ⌘F) in supporting browsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T327893][https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Reference/Global_attributes/hidden#browser_compatibility]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature, called [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery|Favourite Templates]], will be deployed later this week on all projects (except English Wikipedia, which will receive the feature next week), following a piloting phase on Polish and Arabic Wikipedia, and Italian and English Wikisource. The feature will provide a better way for new and experienced contributors to recall and discover templates via the template dialog, by allowing users to put templates on a special &quot;favourite list&quot;. The feature works with both the visual editor and the wikitext editor. The feature is a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|community wishlist focus area]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that had caused some Notifications to be sent multiple times. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397103]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/27|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W27&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:२६, १ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-28&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Temporary accounts|Temporary accounts]] have been rolled out on 18 large and medium-sized Wikipedias, including German, Japanese, French, and Chinese. Now, about 1/3 of all logged-out activity across wikis is coming from temporary accounts. Users involved in patrolling may be interested in two new documentation pages: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Access to IP|Access to IP]], explaining everything related to access to temporary account IP addresses, and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Repository|Repository]] with a list of new gadgets and user scripts.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Anyone can play an experimental new game, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|WikiRun]], that lets you race through Wikipedia by clicking from one article to another, aiming to reach a target page in as few steps and in as little time as possible. The project's goal is to explore new ways of engaging readers. [https://wikirun-game.toolforge.org/ Try playing the game] and let the team know what you think [[mw:Talk:New Engagement Experiments/WikiRun|on the talk page]].
* Users of the Wikipedia Android app in some languages can now play the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/TrivaGame|trivia game]]. ''Which came first?'' is a simple history game where you guess which of two events happened earlier on today's date. It was previously available as an A/B test. It is now available to all users in English, German, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Turkish, and Chinese. The goal of the feature is to help engage with new generations of readers. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/22]
* Users of the iOS Wikipedia App in some languages may see a new tabbed browsing feature that enables you to open multiple tabs while reading. This feature makes it easier to explore related topics and switch between articles. The A/B test is currently running in Arabic, English, and Japanese in selected regions. More details are available on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)|Tabbed Browsing project page]].
* Bureaucrats on Wikimedia wikis can now use [[{{#special:VerifyOATHForUser}}]] to check if users have enabled [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T265726]
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] A new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed later this week to all Wikimedia projects: a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Template categories|template category browser]] will be introduced to assist users in finding templates to put in their “favourite” list. The browser will allow users to browse a list of templates which have been organised into a given category tree. The feature has been requested by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Select templates by categories|through the Community Wishlist]].
* It is now possible to access watchlist preferences from the watchlist page. Also the redundant button to edit the watchlist has been removed. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Moderator_Tools/Watchlist]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of [[mw:MediaWiki_1.44|MediaWiki 1.44]] there is now a unified built-in Notifications system that makes it easier for developers to send, manage, and customize notifications. Check out the updated documentation at [[mw:Manual:Notifications|Manual:Notifications]], information about migration in [[phab:T388663|T388663]] and details on deprecated hooks in [[phab:T389624|T389624]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.9|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Event:WikidataCon 2025|WikidataCon 2025]], the conference dedicated to Wikidata is now open for [https://pretalx.com/wikidatacon-2025/cfp session proposals] and for [[d:Special:RegisterForEvent/1340|registration]]. This year's event will be held online from October 31 – November 02 and will explore on the theme of &quot;Connecting People through Linked Open Data&quot;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/28|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W28&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५१, ८ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-29&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData/Template discovery#Featured templates|Featured templates]], a new feature related to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Focus areas/Template recall and discovery|Template Recall and Discovery]] will be deployed this week to all Wikimedia projects: With this feature, editors will be able to quickly access a list of templates that are likely to be useful. These templates will be displayed in a list, under the &quot;featured&quot; tab of the template discovery interface. Administrators can define the list via the Community Configuration interface. The feature fulfills a request by the community [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Easy access Templates|through the Community Wishlist]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T367428][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392896]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the request to add Malayalam fonts in the [[oldWikisource:Special:MyLanguage/Wikisource:WS Export|Wikisource Book Export Tool]] was resolved and now, the rendering of Malayalam letters in exported Wikisource books are accurate. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T374457]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Developers, designers, and all Wikimedians are invited to [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/7953/ submit a project idea] for the Wikimania Hackathon 2025. Read [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2025/06/30/call-for-projects-wikimania-hackathon-2025-is-coming-to-nairobi/ this Diff blog post] for more details.

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:WikiIndaba conference 2025|WikiIndaba 2025]] scholarship application and program submission is open until 23:59 GMT on July 20. WikiIndaba is a regional conference for African Wikimedians both on the continent and in the diaspora to unite and grow together. Submit [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdJTv68R1OPASXXDfpIl8EWiMLTM-TDwh6_5gNVvFuWccFZ2Q/viewform your scholarship application] and [https://ee.kobotoolbox.org/x/BI3omIfH program proposal] now!
* [https://br.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiCon_Brasil_2025 WikiCon Brasil 2025] will take place on July 19-20 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The Brazilian community members are encouraged to register and attend!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/29|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W29&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:५५, १५ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-30&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Translation Suggestions feature in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation|Content Translation tool]] now has another level of article filters added to the &quot;[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=fi#/ ... More]&quot; category. Translators who use the Suggestions feature can now select and receive article suggestions that are customized to geographical locations of their interest using the new &quot;{{int:Cx-sx-suggestions-filters-tab-regions}}&quot; filter. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T113257]
* Administrators can now limit &quot;Add a Link&quot; to newcomers. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|&quot;Add a Link&quot;]] Structured Task [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Constructive activation experimentation#Enwiki A/B test &amp; &quot;Add a Link&quot; Improvements (Wiki Experiences 1.2.11 &amp; 1.2.16)|helps new account holders start editing]], but some communities have requested the ability to restrict it to its intended audience: newcomers. Administrators can configure this setting within the [[Special:CommunityConfiguration/GrowthSuggestedEdits|Community Configuration]] feature.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:29}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:29|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* For AbuseFilter editors on [[phab:T392144|some wikis]], it is now possible to filter edits based on the RevertRisk score of the edit being attempted. It is only populated if the action being evaluated is an edit. For more information, please see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ORES/AbuseFilter variables#What variables are available for use|ORES/AbuseFilter variables]] documentation.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] wikis have [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/YDABPV75LADRQCXMJAFWUP256N4EQ25B/|been moved]] from &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmflabs.org&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;beta.wmcloud.org&lt;/code&gt;. Users may need to update URLs in any tools, or in their password managers. Any related issues can be [[phab:T289318|reported in the task]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WikiCite 2025|WikiCite 2025]] will take place from 29–31 August, both online and in-person in Bern, Switzerland. The event's goals are to reconnect communities, institutions, and individuals working with open citations, bibliographic data, and the Wikidata/Wikibase ecosystem. Registration is open and the call for proposals will be announced soon. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikidata@lists.wikimedia.org/message/KQZUG3ETKLBWPBYSB2YAWZIRPWHS24TG/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/30|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W30&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:२८, २२ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-31&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Community Tech team will be focusing on wishes related to Watchlists and Recent Changes pages, over the next few months. They are looking for feedback. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#July 24, 2025: Watchlists and Recent Changes pages|read the latest update]], and if you have ideas, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist|submit a wish]] on the topic.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikimedia Commons community has decided to block [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Upload dialog|cross-wiki uploads]] to Wikimedia Commons, for all users without autoconfirmed rights on that wiki, starting on August 16. This is because of [[:c:Commons:Cross-wiki media upload tool/History|widespread problems]] related to files that are uploaded by newcomers. Users who are affected by this will get an error message with a link to the less restrictive UploadWizard on Commons. Please help translating the [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Abusefilter-disallowed-cross-wiki-upload|message]] or give feedback on the message text. Please also update your local help pages to explain this restriction. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T370598]
* On wikis with temporary accounts enabled and Meta-Wiki, administrators may now set up a footer for the Special:Contributions pages of temporary accounts, similar to those which can be shown on IP and user-account pages. They may do it by creating the page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Sp-contributions-footer-temp&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398347]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KFEFVG/ Temporary Accounts: Enhancing privacy for our unregistered editors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TVCVAB/ Building a Sustainable Future for Wikimedia Contributors]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/WTRQCJ/ A dozen visions for wikitext!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/8YKKP9/ Coordinate Across Stakeholders with the Product and Technology Advisory Council]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Fall 2025|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Fall 2025]] will be held 28–30 October 2025 in Hanover, Germany. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/31|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W31&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:१२, २९ जुलाई २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: July 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 7 • July 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/July 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025|Crafting Impactful Education Newsletters: Shared Insights from EduWiki 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania|Educational Outreach with Youth Centers in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025|Discussing educational resources at WikiCon Brasil 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs|Enhancing Mobile-Friendly Contribution in Wikimedia Education Programs]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning|The second semester of Leamos Wikipedia begins in Bolivia with challenges and learning]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025 |When Travel Fails, Learning Continues: A Reflection from EduWiki 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD|Wiki club in Kumanovo - the newest Wiki club of Wikimedia MKD]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia|Jaroslav Mašek: How KISK FF MU students used AI to write Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/July 2025/Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague|Various programmes up and rolling with Charles University Prague]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ०८:४६, १ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-32&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors can now enable the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info card]]. This feature adds an icon next to usernames on history pages and similar user-contribution log pages. When you tap or click on the icon, it displays data related to that user account such as the number of edits, reverted edits, blocks, and more. It's part of a broader project to make it easier for moderators to evaluate account trustworthiness. The feature can be enabled in [[testwiki:Special:GlobalPreferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your global preferences]], and later this week it will be available in local preferences. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T386439]
* Everybody is invited to share comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative Contributions]], a project recently launched by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team|Connection team]]. The project aims to create a new way to display the impact of collaborative editing activities (such as edit-a-thons, backlog drives, and WikiProjects) on the wikis. Post your comments on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|project talk page]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378035]
* Administrators can now define the default block duration for temporary accounts. To do that, they need to create a page named &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipb-default-expiry-temporary-account&lt;/code&gt; and use a value defined in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Ipboptions&lt;/code&gt;. This allows administrators to easily block temporary accounts for 90 days, which is functionally equivalent to an indefinite block. The advantage of this solution is that it does not clutter Special:BlockList. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Block and unblock#Default block duration options|More documentation]] is available. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398626]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Gadgets can now include &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;.vue&lt;/code&gt; files. This makes it easier to develop modern user interfaces using [[mw:Vue.js|Vue.js]], in particular using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex|Codex]], the official design system of Wikimedia. [[wmdoc:codex/latest/icons/overview.html|Codex icons]] can be loaded through the gadget definition. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Gadgets#Pages|The documentation]] has examples. For user scripts that use Vue.js, an [[mw:API:CodexIcons|API module]] now exists to load Codex icons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340460][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T311099]
* Module developers can now use a [[mw:Help:Extension:Translate/Message Bundles/Lua reference|Lua interface]] to simplify the preparation of Lua modules for translation on Meta-Wiki. This improvement makes it easier for translators to find and edit module strings without dealing with raw Lua code. It helps prevent mistakes that could break the module during translation. Module developers and translators are invited to [[commons:File:Translatable modules video demo July 2025.webm|watch the demo video]], read more about [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Translatable modules|translatable modules]] to understand how it works, refer to Meta-Wiki's [[m:Module:User Wikimedia project|Module:User Wikimedia project]] for example usage, and [[mw:Talk:Translatable modules|share their feedback]] on how well it addresses the challenges in their workflow. The interface still has some performance issues, so it should not be used in widely used modules yet. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T359918]
* Developers of external tools that connect to Wikimedia pages must set a user-agent that complies with [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|the user-agent policy]]. This policy will start to be more strongly enforced in August because of external crawlers that are [[diffblog:2025/04/01/how-crawlers-impact-the-operations-of-the-wikimedia-projects/|overusing]] Wikimedia's resources. Tools that are hosted on Wikimedia's Toolforge or Cloud VPS will not be affected by this for now, but should still set a user-agent. [[phab:T400119|More technical details are available]], and related questions are welcome in that task.
* Parsoid Read Views is going to be rolling out to some smaller Wikipedias over the next few weeks, following the successful transition of Wikivoyages and Wiktionaries to Parsoid Read Views. For more information, see the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parsoid/Parser Unification]] project page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/profile/7694/]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Wikimania|Wikimania 2025]] will run from August 6–9. The [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/schedule/ program is available] for you to plan which sessions you want to attend. Most sessions will be live-streamed, with exceptions for those that show the &quot;no camera&quot; icon. If you are joining online to watch live-streams and use the interactive features, please [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2025:Registration|register]] for a free virtual ticket. For example, you may be interested in technical sessions such as:
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/GEH9DH/ Wikimedia’s knowledge infrastructure in a changing internet: Establishing sustainable pathways for content reuse]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/7ELN9Q/ Wikifunctions is coming soon to a wiki near you!]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/ZMGVJV/ Shaping the Future of Wikipedia’s Reader Experience]
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/KCKTFZ/ Making Wikipedia More Readable: What Comes Next]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/32|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W32&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०९:२६, ५ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५ मा सहभागी हुने सम्बन्धमा ==

{{fmbox
| image     = [[File:Wiki Women-Nepal 2015.png|90px|link=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AB]]  
| imageright= [[File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-ne.svg|80px|link=]]  
| style     =
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[[नेपाली विकिपिडिया]]मा ०५ अगस्ट २०२५ देखि ३१ अगस्ट २०२५ सम्म नारी सम्मानमा समर्पित '''&quot;महिला स्वास्थ तथा स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी जागरूकता&quot;''' नाराको साथ [[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५]] सञ्चालन भइरहेको छ, सहभागी हुनका लागि सहभागीहरूले '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ]]''' आफ्नो नाम दर्ता गर्नको लागि अनुरोध गरिन्छ।&lt;br&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button mw-ui-progressive&quot;&gt;[[विकिपिडिया:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०२५|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white&quot;&gt;अझ थप जानकारी...&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/center&gt; 
}}
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-33&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The WikiEditor toolbar now includes [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:WikiEditor#Keyboard shortcuts|its keyboard shortcuts]] in the tooltips for its buttons. This will help to improve the discoverability of this feature. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400583]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] published a set of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|proposed experiments]] the Wikimedia Foundation can try to improve communication with community. Feedback on the proposals are welcomed until August 22 on [[m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/August 2025 draft PTAC proposals for feedback|this talk page]].
* The search bar on the Minerva skin (mobile) has been updated to use the same type-ahead search component that is used on the Vector 2022 skin. There are no changes in search functionality but there are minor visual changes. Specifically, the close-search button has been changed from an &quot;X&quot; to a back arrow. This helps to distinguish it from the other &quot;X&quot; button that is used to clear any text. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393944]
* Editors on some wikis will see a new toggle for &quot;Group results by page&quot; on watchlist, related changes, and recent changes pages. This is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment|an A/B experiment]] that is planned to start on August 11, and will run for 3–6 weeks on the Bengali, Chinese, Czech, French, Greek, Portuguese, and Urdu Wikipedias. The experiment will examine how making this feature more discoverable might affect editors' ability to find the edits they are looking for. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The multiwiki datasets of [[:wikt:en:Module:Unicode data|Unicode data]] have been moved to [[c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|Category:Unicode Module Datasets]] on Wikimedia Commons, to follow the idea of &quot;One common data source, multiple local wikis&quot;. Most wikis have been updated to use the Commons version. You can ask questions at [[c:Category talk:Unicode Module Datasets|the talkpage]]. [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Module_talk:Unicode_data#Data_from_commons]
* Lua code can add warnings when something is wrong, by using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;mw.addWarning()&lt;/code&gt; function. It is now possible to add more than one warning, instead of new warnings replacing old ones. If you maintain a Lua module that used warnings, you should check it still works as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398390]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/33|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W33&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:१५, १२ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-34&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Later this week, people who are logged-in and have the &quot;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary|Discussion tools]]&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] enabled will gain the ability to &quot;Thank&quot; individual comments directly from talk pages, rather than needing to navigate to page history. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Comment actions|Learn more about this feature]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400849]
* An A/B test comparing two versions of the desktop donate link launched on testwiki on 12 August and on English Wikipedia 14 August for 0.1% of logged out users on the desktop site. The experiment will run for three weeks, ending on 12 September. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395716]
* An A/A test to measure the baseline for reader retention was launched 12 August using [[wikitech:Experimentation Lab|Experimentation Lab]]. This measures the percentage of users who revisit a wiki after their initial visit over a 14-day period. No visual changes are expected. The experiment will run through 31 August. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399227]
* Five new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q34057|Tagalog]] ([[s:tl:|&lt;code&gt;s:tl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T388639]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource/en}} in [[d:Q36213|Madurese]] ([[s:mad:|&lt;code&gt;s:mad:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T391747]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia/en}} in [[d:Q3450749|Rakhine]] ([[w:rki:|&lt;code&gt;w:rki:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T392490]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikibooks/en}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[b:min:|&lt;code&gt;b:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395452]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q7598268|Standard Moroccan Amazigh]] ([[wikt:zgh:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:zgh:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399684]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:46}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:46|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/34|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W34&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०६:२४, १९ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-35&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-gift.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Template authors can now use additional CSS properties, since the CSS sanitizer used by [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateStyles|TemplateStyles]] was updated. For example: &lt;code&gt;width: fit-content&lt;/code&gt;; &lt;code&gt;ruby-align&lt;/code&gt;; relative units such as &lt;code&gt;lh&lt;/code&gt;; and custom strings in &lt;code&gt;list-style-type&lt;/code&gt;. These improvements are a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Wishes/Allow use of modern CSS in templates by updating the TemplateStyles CSS sanitizer|Community Wishlist wish]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T271958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277755][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T293633][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T295088][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T326906][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T340057][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T360725][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T371809][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T375344][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T394619]
* On large wikis, the default time period to display edits from, within the Special:RecentChanges page, has been changed from 7 days to 1 day. This is part of a performance improvement project. This should have no user-facing impact due to the quantity of edits on these wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399455]
* Administrators can now access the [[{{#special:BlockedExternalDomains}}]] page from the [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration}}]] list page. This makes it easier to find. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T393240]
* Wikimedia Commons videos were not shown in the Videos tab in Google Search. The problem was investigated and reported to Google who have now fixed the issue. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396168][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/Wishes/Do_something_about_Google_%26_DuckDuckGo_search_not_indexing_media_files_and_categories_on_Commons] 
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wiktionary/en}} in [[d:Q33014|Betawi]] ([[wikt:bew:|&lt;code&gt;wikt:bew:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:39}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:39|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Two fields of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Recentchanges table|recentchanges database table]] are being removed. &lt;code&gt;rc_new&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;rc_type&lt;/code&gt; are being removed in favor of &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt;. Queries to these older fields will start to fail starting this week and developers should use &lt;code&gt;rc_source&lt;/code&gt; instead. These older fields were deprecated over 10 years ago and should not be in use. This is part of work to improve the performance and stability of queries to the recentchanges table. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400696] 
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The latest quarterly [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/July|Language and Internationalization Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: support for new languages in MediaWiki and translatewiki; the start of the Language Onboarding and Development project to help support the growth of new and small wikis; updates on research projects; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* The next [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Community meetings#29 August 2025|Language Community Meeting]] is happening soon, August 29th at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1756479600 15:00 UTC]. This week's meeting will cover: the Avro keyboard developers from Wikimedia Bangladesh, who were recently awarded a national award for their contributions to this keyboard; and other topics. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/35|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W35&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:५८, २६ अगस्ट २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29175124 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-36&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team wants to compile a list of templates, jargon terms, and policies used in edit summaries when a copyright violation is removed. This will help them identify the number of edits reverted due to copyright issues. We invite community members from the following Wikis to list these terms in [[Phab:T402601|T402601]], or to share their list with [[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]]: {{int:project-localized-name-arwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-cswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-dewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-enwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-eswiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-fawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-frwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-hewiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-idwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-itwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-jawiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-kowiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-nlwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-plwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ptwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-trwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-ukwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-viwiki/en}}{{int:comma-separator/en}}{{int:project-localized-name-zhwiki/en}}. This project is open until September 9th 2025.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] has been enabled for all Wikisources. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. The extension has three features: [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaboration list|Collaboration List]], and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Connection Team/Invitation list|Invitation List]]. To request the extension for your wiki, visit the Deployment information page. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#How_to_Request_the_CampaignEvents_Extension_for_your_wiki]
* The lists in the footer of the editing interface, such as &quot;Templates used on this page,&quot; will now be organized into columns when there is enough space. This enhancement minimizes scrolling when editing lengthy articles on Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401066]
* On September 3rd, 2025 we will increase the sampling percentages of our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Watchlist/Experiment#Scope of the experiment|group by toggle experiment]] of the &lt;code&gt;Special:RecentChanges&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;Special:Watchlist&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;Special:RelatedChanges&lt;/code&gt; pages on the Chinese, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias to 100 percent, allowing more editors to be part of this experiment. This adjustment is intended to ensure we have sufficient data to make informed decisions when evaluating the experiment results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402958][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T396789]
* Upon clicking an empty search bar, logged-out users will see suggestions of articles for further reading on English Wikipedia beginning the week of September 22. The feature will be available on both desktop and mobile. All non-English wikis received this change in June and July. The goal is to make it easier for users to find articles. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Content Discovery Experiments/Search Suggestions|Learn more]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:37}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:37|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions now has a new capability called &quot;lightweight enumeration types&quot;, an enumeration type is simply a fixed set of values that's in the type's definition. This capability makes it quick and easy to define such a type, and allows for the reuse of values that are already present in Wikidata. Here is [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-07-19|a newsletter]] to learn more.
* The latest [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Newsletter updates#August 2025: Newsletter #1|Readers Newsletter]] is now available. This edition includes: the formation of two new teams — Reader Growth and Reader Experience; insights into declining pageviews and account creations; highlights from the Wikimania Nairobi panel on improving the reading experience; upcoming experiments to engage new and existing readers; and more.

'''Meetings and events'''
* Spotlight on some Wikimania 2025 Sessions:
** Identifying AI-generated text by searching for ISBNs whose checksums fail: Mathias Schindler of WMDE [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dw9o8Lsl974&amp;t=15910s shared tools to help communities search for these].
** [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/talk/wikimania2025/talk/TCHZKH/ La durabilité du mouvement Wikimedia face aux défis actuels et futurs]: This session explored how Wikimedia can stay a trusted source of knowledge in the age of generative AI, information overload, and disinformation.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/36|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W36&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:३६, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: August 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 8 • August 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/August 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom|Bootcamp Wikipedia in Classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki|Brazil launches campaign about Open Science on Wiki]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins|Breaking Barriers: Yoruba Wikipedia Fan Club Offa's Historic Wins]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI|Emerging Voices in Free Knowledge: The Journey of Wiki Club SATI]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader|From a Curious Student to a Wikimedia Leader]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators|From webinars to conferences: Wikimedia Ukraine’s approach to events for educators]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain|Higher education with Wikipedia in Spain]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal|Scientific Contribution from Serbia: Wikipedia in Education Research Published in a Prestigious Journal]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network|Teachers with Wikipedia. What if we create a Spanish-speaking collaboration network]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/The brains behind Wikipedia|The brains behind Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers|Why EduWiki Should Be Considered by Policymakers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point|Wikimedia Chile in Visviri: Free knowledge and education at Chile’s starting point]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers|Wikipedia as a tool presented at Media Education Summer School for Teachers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University|Wikipedia vs AI at La Trobe University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers|St Aloysius University – Wikipedia training session for newcomers]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna|Wiki Loves Academics, WUGN Kaduna]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education|In Just 3 Minutes: The Power of Wiki Education]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/August 2025/Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer|Sensing Cebu: Fieldnotes of an Academic as a Wiki Volunteer]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:०१, २ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-37&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Editing team is working on a new check: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Paste check|Paste check]]. This check informs newcomers who paste text into Wikipedia that the content might not be accepted. This check is an effort to increase the likelihood that the new content people are adding to Wikipedia is aligned with the Movement's commitment to offering information under a free content license. This check will soon be tested at a few wikis. If your community is interested in this test, please [[phab:T403680|tell us in this task]], or [[mw:Talk:Edit check|contact the team]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will be able to use a [[w:en:Lint (software)|linting tool]] to see errors or other potential problems in wikitext in real time. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|help page for more information]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381577]
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Advanced item]] When browsing a wiki (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), the software responds in one of two ways: a desktop page, or a redirect to a mobile version on an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). Over the next three weeks, MediaWiki will start displaying the mobile version to mobile devices directly on the standard domain, without this redirect. This change does not affect existing m-dot URLs, or the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* When an edit changes the categories of a page, the changes to the category membership counts are now happening asynchronously. This improves the speed of saving edits, especially when moving many pages to or from the same category, and reduces the risk of site outages, but it means that the counts can show outdated information for a few minutes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T365303] 
* Edits on Wikidata to qualifiers (properties and values) and references (properties and values) in a Wikidata item statement will now not add entries to the RecentChanges or Watchlist pages on all other Wikis. This is a temporary change to improve performance while other solutions are created. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: Turn off (temporarily) Qualifiers and References Wikidata edits to the Recent Changes tables|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401286][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400698]
* Japanese-language wikis have had a major upgrade to the way that search works. The new search should generally give more accurate and more relevant search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T318269]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/37|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W37&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०७:००, ९ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-38&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* References lists that are made using the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references/&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Cite#references-tag|tag]] will now automatically display with columns in Vector 2022 when readers are using its 'standard' settings for text-size and page-width. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334941]
* Starting in the week of October 6, on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small wikis]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] that have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] enabled, all autoconfirmed users will be able to use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] as an organizer. No changes will be made for [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/large.dblist|large wikis]] unless requested in Phabricator. This change is being made to make it easier for more people to use Event Registration, especially on wikis that are less likely to have policies related to the Event Organizer right. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Proposal to grant autoconfirmed users on small and medium wikis the organizer access to the event registration tool|Learn more]].
* Users that search using regular expressions (regex) can now use additional features including:
** for the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; keyword: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Metacharacters|metacharacters]] for start-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;^&lt;/code&gt;) and end-of-line (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;$&lt;/code&gt;) anchors [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T317599]
** for both &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;intitle:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;insource:&lt;/code&gt; keywords: shorthand [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Character_Classes|character classes]] for digits (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\d&lt;/code&gt;), whitespace (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\s&lt;/code&gt;), and word characters (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\w&lt;/code&gt;); and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#Escape codes|escape codes]] for line feed (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\r&lt;/code&gt;), newline (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\n&lt;/code&gt;), tab (&lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\t&lt;/code&gt;), and unicode (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;\uHHHH&lt;/code&gt;). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403212]
* When you search for text that looks like an IP, the system will now show search results. It used to take you to the contributions for that IP instead of showing search results. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T306325]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on September 24. This is planned at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests which happen twice a year. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the background and details of this process on the Diff blog]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug was fixed that affected users who used the page-tabs to switch from wikitext editing of a section into the visualeditor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401043]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is redesigning the Wikimedia REST API Sandbox with Codex. If you have feedback on improvements for the API documentation or what makes developer experiences smooth (or frustrating), you’re invited to [https://calendar.google.com/calendar/u/0/appointments/schedules/AcZssZ2aZzbXeQvjOF7gB1fJXiwAYemQjKf4sXNaRODPA7_obFyNBwkzNkoVCoTF-aeov89kIjXHbCQm join an upcoming discovery interview], or [[mw:MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Developer Feedback/Wikimedia Web APIs|leave feedback onwiki]]. [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/C4FBAOA57PH6G5ORVMAUF5TGYBLZDU5Q/|Learn more]].
* Edits to Wikidata aliases (an alternative name for an item or a property) will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [[m:Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects/Reduce change propagation noise#Phase 1: More granular Alias tracking|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401288]
* The new [https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode17.0.0/ Unicode 17.0] version has been released. The [[:c:Category:Unicode Module Datasets|datasets on Commons]] for the [[:d:Q39301585|Module:Unicode data]] have been updated. Wikipedias that do not use the Commons datasets should either update their own data or switch to the Commons datasets.
* Users of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] Structured Contents endpoints can now access [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/parsed-wikipedia-tables/ Parsed Tables]. The new Parsed Tables feature extracts and represents Wikipedia tables in structured JSON. This improves machine accessibility as part of the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/api/structured-contents/ Structured Contents initiative]. Structured Contents output is freely available through the [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/docs/on-demand/#article-structured-contents-beta On-demand API], or through Wikimedia Cloud Services. 
* A [https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/wikimedia-foundation/english-wikipedia-people-dataset dataset of English Wikipedia biographical information] from [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise|Wikimedia Enterprise]] has been published on Kaggle, for evaluation and research. This provides structured data from more than 1.5 million biographies, including birth and death dates, education, affiliations, careers, awards, and more (from a June 2024 snapshot).
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Scholarships|Scholarship applications]] for Wikimania 2026 in Paris, France, are open until October 31.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/38|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W38&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:५३, १५ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-39&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1758726000 On September 24th at 15:00 UTC], all Wikimedia sites users will experience a brief read-only period due to a scheduled [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|datacenter server switchover]]. The Wikimedia Foundation's Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) team will redirect all traffic from one primary server to its backup. You can listen to the switchover using the [http://listen.hatnote.com/ &quot;Listen to Wikipedia&quot;] tool, where you will hear edits stop for a few minutes during the read-only phase, then resume. This twice-yearly datacenter server switchover ensures reliability by testing the backup datacenter, so that our sites can stay online even if the primary datacenter fails. You can [[diffblog:2025/03/12/hear-that-the-wikis-go-silent-twice-a-year/|read more about the process on the Diff blog]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* Editors of [[f:Special:Mylanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-09-12#Next round of Wiktionaries to receive embedded Wikifunctions calls|60 more Wiktionaries]] will soon be able to call [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Introduction|functions from Wikifunctions]] and integrate them into their pages. A function takes one or more inputs and transforms them into a desired output, like adding numbers, converting miles to meters, calculating elapsed time, or declining a word into a case. They will join the other [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-29#Wikifunctions available on 65 Wiktionaries|65 Wiktionary language editions]], which already have access to embedded Wikifunctions calls. Later this year, plans are in place to expand to more Wiktionaries and the Incubator.
* A new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#Technical metadata of another page|parser function]] has been added: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#contentmodel}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Template editors and admins can use it to get the localized or canonical name of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|content model]] of a specific page. The function makes it easier to create and edit system messages, such as ''MediaWiki:editinginterface'', even when you switch types of pages, like wiki, JavaScript, CSS or JSON page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T328254]
* Adding or editing a &lt;code&gt;DISPLAYTITLE&lt;/code&gt; for an article using VisualEditor will no longer be broken. Editors who use VisualEditor mode to modify the &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; would no longer have the literal text &quot;DISPLAYTITLE&quot; or its localized variant added to their articles. A list of pages that may have been affected and might need cleanup is documented in [[phab:P83438|this ticket]]. 
* Beta users of the Wikipedia Android app can now try the redesigned [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Android/Activity Tab Experiment|Activity tab]], which replaces the Edits tab. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:12}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:12|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* Wikifunctions users can now import many essential facts involving [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6011|geo-coordinates]], [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6010|quantities]] and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Z6064|time]] values from Wikidata. This is made possible by the creation of Wikifunctions types for these values, which makes them available for use by functions in Wikifunctions. Learn more about how this works in [[c:File:ImportingWikidataDatatypesIntoWikifunctions.webm|this video]] and Wikifunctions' [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-01#News in Types I: Wikidata quantity|August 1 newsletter]] (for quantities) and [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2025-08-22#News in Types: Wikidata geo-coordinate|August 22 newsletter]] (for geo-coordinates).

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/39|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W39&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०४:४१, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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==[[:सुदन गुरुङ]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित==
[[File:Ambox warning pn.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]]
{{Quote box|quote=&lt;p&gt;यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।&lt;/p&gt;|width=20%|align=right}}
यस [[:सुदन गुरुङ]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले७|ले७]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत  एक वास्तविक व्यक्ति वा मानिसहरूको समूहलाई जनाउदछ। विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] ज्ञानकोशमा भएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्री प्रमाणित भएको हुनुपर्नेछ । तर [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|विश्वसनीयता]] नभएका सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटाउन सकिन्छ। थप जानकारिका लागि कृपया [[विकिपिडिया:उल्लेखनियता|विकिपिडिया उल्लेखनियता]] पढ्नुहोला। 

यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:सुदन गुरुङ|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&amp;page=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%99|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}। &lt;!-- Template:Db-notability-notice --&gt;&lt;!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --&gt; [[User:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[User talk:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १२:५२, २३ सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-40&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* A major software upgrade has been made to [[phab:|Phabricator]]. The update introduces performance improvements, a refreshed search interface, enhancements to Maniphest task search, updates to user profile pages and project workboards, new Herald automation features, as well as general text input, mobile experience improvements and more. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/phame/post/view/321/iterative_improvements_september_2025/]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Community Tech team will release the new Community Wishlist extension on October 1, that will improve the way wishes will be submitted. The new extension will allow users to add tags to their wishes to better categorise them, and (in a future iteration) to filter them by status, tags and focus areas. It will also be possible to support individual wishes again, as requested by the community in many instances. The old system will be retired. There will be a brief period of downtime while the extension is deployed and wishes are migrated to the new system. You can read more about this [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|in the latest update]] or you can consult the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CommunityRequests|current documentation on MediaWiki]].
* As announced [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|on Diff blog]], the production trial of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|hCaptcha]] service for bot detection has begun. The trial is currently using hCaptcha to protect account creation on Chinese, Persian, Portuguese, Indonesian, Japanese, and Turkish Wikipedias, where it will replace our existing [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:ConfirmEdit#FancyCaptcha|CAPTCHA]] (FancyCaptcha). The goal with the trial is to better block bots while also improving usability and accessibility for users who encounter CAPTCHA challenges.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents]] extension has been [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|deployed]] to Wikimedia Commons. The extension makes it easier to organize and participate in collaborative activities, like edit-a-thons and WikiProjects, on the wikis. On Commons, anyone who is a registered user can use it as an event participant. To use it as an organizer, someone needs to have the [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Event organizers|event organizer right]].
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to German Wikipedia. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|test the feature]] on testwiki or [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on betawiki] as well. Please share your thoughts on [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Templates used in sub-references|using templates in sub-references]] or [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|volunteer to become a pilot wiki]].
* On wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|Mentorship]] system, communities can now opt experienced editors out of Mentorship through [[{{#special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship}}]]. Within this setting, communities may define thresholds, based on edit count and account age, to decide when an editor is considered experienced enough to no longer receive Mentorship. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403563]
* The Editing Team and the Machine Learning Team are working on a new check for newcomers: [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tone Check|Tone check]]. Using a prediction model, this check will encourage editors to improve the tone of their edits, using artificial intelligence. We invite volunteers to review the first version of the Tone language model for the following languages: Arabic, Czech, German, Hebrew, Indonesian, Dutch, Polish, Russian, Turkish, Chinese, Farsi, Italian, Norwegian, Romanian and Latvian. Users from these wikis interested in reviewing this model are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit_check/Tone_Check/Model_evaluation|invited to sign up at MediaWiki.org]]. The deadline to sign up is on October 3, which will be the start date of the test.
* The rollout of [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Manage blocks|multiblocks]] had the side effect that non-active block logs may have been shown on {{#special:Contributions}} and on blocked users' user and user_talk pages. This issue will be fully resolved in a few days. As part of the fix, [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=sp-contributions-blocked-notice}} messages prefixed with &lt;code&gt;sp-contributions-blocked-notice&lt;/code&gt;] will be removed and replaced with [{{fullurl:Special:Allmessages|prefix=blocked-notice-logextract}} those prefixed with &lt;code&gt;blocked-notice-logextract&lt;/code&gt;] in a few weeks. Please help translate the new messages and update any local overrides if needed.
* There was a bug with links added using visual editor if they included characters such as &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[ ] |&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; after the fragment identifier (&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;#&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;). They were not encoded properly creating an incorrect link. This has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404823]
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote/en}} in [[d:Q9237|Malay]] ([[q:ms:|&lt;code&gt;q:ms:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404698]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/User Info|User Info Card]] now displays currently active global lock/blocks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401128]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Later this week, editors using Lua modules will be able to use the &lt;code&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.title.newBatch|mw.title.newBatch]]&lt;/code&gt; function to look up the existence of up to 25 pages at once, in a way that only increases the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parser functions#Expensive parser functions|expensive function]] count once.
* A new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Unsupported Tools Working Group]] has been formed as part of ongoing efforts to collectively determine technical work priorities, similar to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product &amp; Technology Advisory Council]] (PTAC). The working group will help prioritize and review requests for support of unmaintained extensions, gadgets, bots, and tools. For the first cycle, the group will be prioritizing an unsupported Wikimedia Commons tool.
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/40|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W40&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:३८, ३० सेप्टेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: September 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/September 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination|Brazil organizes seminar to discuss open science and scientific dissemination]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism &amp; Folklore 2025 Winners|CBSUA Recognizes Wiki Training Completers, Awards Feminism &amp; Folklore 2025 Winners]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025|2nd International Conference on Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures Mexico 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište|Accredited seminar for teachers in Veliko Gradište]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters|Breaking Barriers, Why open Knowledge matters]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach |Cross-Continental Knowledge Exchange: Offa Youth Impact Initiative and St Aloysius University in 3D Education Outreach]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU &amp; Alvan|Igbo Language Audio Project in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club IMSU &amp; Alvan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia|Let's Read Wikipedia reached teachers of the Weenhayek indigenous nation in Bolivia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Monográfico sobre Wikipedia en el aula, Revista Docere|Monograph on Wikipedia in the classroom, Docere Magazine]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan|The Third Training Course of the “Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom” Program in Jordan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025|The Ukrainian Educators’ Wikimedia Conference 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes|Wikimedia MKD's edit-a-thon: Lakes]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Cultura libre en las aulas|Free culture in the classroom]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/September 2025/Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs|Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki clubs]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:५५, २ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-41&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#paste|Paste Check]] is a new Edit Check feature to help avoid and fight copyright violations. When editors paste text into an article, Paste Check prompts them to confirm the origin and licensing of the content. Starting Wednesday, 8 October, [[phab:T403680|22 wikis will test Paste Check]]. Paste Check will help new volunteers understand and follow the policies and guidelines necessary to make constructive contributions to Wikipedia projects.
'''Updates for editors'''
* Mobile devices will receive mobile articles directly on the standard domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;), instead of via a redirect to an &quot;m&quot; domain (like &lt;code&gt;en.m.wikipedia.org&lt;/code&gt;). This change improves performance. This week it will be enabled on Wikipedias. The existing mobile URLs and the &quot;Desktop view&quot; opt-out remain available. [[mw:Requests for comment/Mobile domain sunsetting/2025 Announcement|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T214998]
* New [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch#creationdate and lasteditdate|date filters]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;creationdate:&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;lasteditdate:&lt;/code&gt;, are now available in the wiki search engine. This allows users to filter search results by a page's first or last revision date. The filters support comparison operators (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&gt;2024&lt;/code&gt;) and relative dates (e.g. &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;today-1d&lt;/code&gt;), making it easier to find recently updated content or pages within specific age ranges. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403593]
* [[f:|Wikifunctions]] now supports rich text in embedded calls across the 150 wikis where it's enabled. To showcase this, the team created a [[f:Z26333|Latin declination table]] that Wiktionary editors can use to automatically generate noun forms, producing clear, formatted results — see an [[f:Wikifunctions:Embedded function calls/Wiktionary tables demonstration|example output]]. If you need any help or have any feedback, please [[f:Wikifunctions:Project chat|contact the Wikifunctions Team]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T397402]
* An edit link will now appear inside the categories box on article pages for logged in users, which will directly launch the VisualEditor category dialog. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T291691]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a problem downloading pdf files last week and that has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405957]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The field &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;rev_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the revision database table is being removed in favor of &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;content_sha1&lt;/code&gt; in the content database table. See [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/2D2M3SP4WHR6BXXKTZ2PBLZQYR3EGQVR/ the announcement] for more information.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web|Reader Experience team]] will roll out [[w:en:Light-on-dark color scheme|Dark Mode]] user interface on all Wikimedia sites on October 29, 2025. All anonymous users of Wikimedia sites will have the option to activate a color scheme that features light-colored text on a dark background. This is designed to provide a more comfortable reading experience, especially in low-light situations. Template authors and technical contributors are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading/Updates/2024-04|learn how to make pages ready for Dark mode]] and address any compatibility issues found in templates in their wiki before the enablement. Please contact the Web team for questions or any support on [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Accessibility for reading#|this talk page]] before the enablement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Starting on Monday, October 6, API endpoints under the &lt;code&gt;rest.php&lt;/code&gt; path will be rerouted through a new internal API Gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400130]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/41|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W41&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २३:०९, ६ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-42&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Last week, improvements to account security and two-factor authentication (2FA) features were enabled across all wikis. These changes include user interface improvements for [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity], the support of multiple 2FA methods via authenticator apps and portable security keys (previously users could only enable one method), and a new Recovery Codes module which facilitates fewer account lockouts due to lost two-factor apps and devices. As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project, work is continuing through the rest of 2025 on further user experience improvements, and support for passkeys as an alternate second factor. 

'''Updates for editors'''

* Another part of the Account security project is making 2FA generally available to all users. Along with editors with advanced privileges, such as administrators and bureaucrats, 40% of editors now have access to 2FA. You can check if you have access at [https://auth.wikimedia.org/metawiki/wiki/Special:AccountSecurity Special:AccountSecurity]. Instructions for activation are on the linked page. The plan is to continue increasing availability if it is determined that the user support capabilities are able to support global usage. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T400579]
* This week, users at wikis where talk page [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|Usability Improvements]] are already available by default (everywhere ''except'' the 12 wikis listed in [[phab:T379264|T379264]]) will gain the ability to Thank a comment directly from the talk page it appears on. Before this change, Thanking could only be done by visiting the revision history of the talk page. You can [[diffblog:2025/10/13/revolutionizing-gratitude-a-new-era-of-thanking-comments/|learn more about this change]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366095]
* Users who have not [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-personal-email|verified their email address]] will soon be receiving monthly Notification reminders to do so. This is because users who have verified their email can more easily recover their account. These reminders will not be sent if the user is inactive or removes the unverified email from their account. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T58074]
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a fix was made for an occasional error with saving translated paragraphs in the Content Translation tool, and the related error messages are now easier to see. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T376531]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The Unsupported Tools Working Group has chosen [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] as the first tool for its pilot cycle. The group will explore ways to improve and sustain the tool over the coming months. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|Learn more on Meta]].
* [[File:Octicons-sync.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/42|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W42&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:४५, १४ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-43&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* To optimize how user data is stored in our databases, the saved preferences of users who haven't logged in for over five years and have fewer than 100 edits will be cleared. When those users return, default settings will apply. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406724]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, there was a broken link from the GlobalContributions interface message to the XTools GlobalContributions page which has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406415]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The work to reroute all traffic to API endpoints under the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;rest.php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; route through a common API gateway is now complete. If any issues are observed, please file a phabricator ticket to the [[phab:tag/serviceops/|Service Ops team board]].
* Edits to Wikidata references or qualifiers will now be shown in RecentChanges and Watchlist entries on other wikis less often, reducing unnecessary notifications. This will reduce the overall quantity of 'noisy' entries. Wikidata's own pages remain unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401290]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/43|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W43&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:२२, २१ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५ मा सहभागिता ==

[[File:Wikipedia Asian Month Logo.svg|right|200px]]

नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!&lt;br /&gt;

तपाईंलाई '''[[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५|विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५]]''' मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं।

नोभेम्बर महिनाभर सञ्चालन हुने अनलाइन सम्पादन–थन प्रतियोगिताको उद्देश्य नेपाली विकिपिडियामा नेपालबाहेकका एसियाली देशहरूको लेख संख्या र गुणस्तर बढाउनु हो।

चार वा सोभन्दा बढी योग्य लेख सिर्जना गर्ने सहभागीहरूले विशेष '''डिजिटल बार्नस्टार''' पाउनुहुनेछ।

सहभागी हुन [[विकिपिडिया:विकिपिडिया एसियाली महिना २०२५/सहभागीहरू|यहाँ क्लिक गर्नुहोस्]]।

आउनुहोस्, योगदान गरेर एसियाली विकिपिडिया समुदायबीच मित्रता र सहकार्य बढाऔं! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:४८, २५ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-44&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia iOS app has launched an A/B/C test of improvements made to the tabbed browsing feature for select regions and languages. The test, named “More dynamic tabs”, explores new tab experiences and includes “Did you know” and “Because you read” article recommendations. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/Tabbed Browsing (Tabs)/New Tab Experience and Recommendations Experiment|read more on the project page]].
* Autoconfirmed users on [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/small.dblist|small]] and [[git:operations/mediawiki-config/+/a2d2aaab9ace84280dd2f4c70a33bb69cd73850f/dblists/medium.dblist|medium wikis]] with the CampaignEvents extension can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event Center/Registration|Event Registration]] without the Event Organizer right. This feature lets organizers enable registration, manage participants, and lets users register with one click instead of signing event pages.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue of flashing colors when holding or pressing the arrow keys under the dark mode settings in Vector 2022 has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402285]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''

* The CampaignEvents extension will be deployed to all remaining wikis during the week of 17 November 2025. The extension currently includes three features: Event Registration, Collaboration List, and Invitation List. For this rollout, Invitation List will not be enabled on Wikifunctions and MediaWiki unless requested by those communities. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Deployment status|Visit the deployment page to learn more]].
* The SwaggerUI-based REST sandbox experience is now live on all wiki projects. The sandbox can be accessed through the [[{{#special:RestSandbox}}]] page. Please report any issues to the MediaWiki Interfaces team board, or join the discussion on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team/Feature Feedback/REST Sandbox|project launch]] page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/board/6931/]
* Transform endpoints with a trailing slash path in the MediaWiki REST API are now marked as deprecated. They will remain functional during this time, but removal is expected by the end of January 2026. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=mw-extra&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. See the [[mw:API/Deprecation|MediaWiki REST API Deprecation]] page for more detailed information about the API deprecation policies and procedures.
* A dedicated [[mw:API:REST API/Changelog|changelog now exists for the MediaWiki REST API]]. The changelog provides an overview of these changes, making it easier for developers to keep track of improvements and iterations. Announcements will also continue to flow through the standard communication channels, including Tech News and email distribution lists, but can now be more easily referenced from a central location. If you have feedback about the style, structure, or content of this changelog, please [[mw:API talk:REST API/Changelog|join the discussion]].
* Administrators can delete the tracking category which was previously added by the JsonConfig extension, as it is no longer used. See the categories linked from [[d:Q130635582#sitelinks-wikipedia|Q130635582]]. It is OK if there are still pages listed in the category as that is just a caching issue, and they will be automatically cleared out the next time each page is edited. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T378352]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.25|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W44&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:१७, २८ अक्टोबर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: October 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 10 • October 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/October 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/&quot;WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!&quot; winner at the Open Education Awards 2025|&quot;WikiDonne Internship: Wikimedia Platforms for Open Education and Inclusive Culture!&quot; winner at the Open Education Awards 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer|A Proud Chapter in My Wikimedia Journey 🇳🇬: From Editor to Organizer]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil|Debating open science and scientific dissemination in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta|Enhancing Academic Articles on Wikipedia with the State University of Jakarta]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025|India’s Students and Educators Lead the Way in the Wiki Science Competition 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/JDACA &amp; Amman Arab University|JDACA &amp; Amman Arab University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September|New starting page for Wikipedia users had been launched in September]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset|Teaching Evidence Synthesis Automation with the Wikipedia–Kaggle Dataset]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October|Wikimedia MKD’s Education Program activities for October]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp|Wikimedia Serbia prepares eight annual Edu Wiki camp]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/October 2025/Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania|Wikivoyage editathon in Peshkopia, Albania]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ११:५०, २ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-45&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Administrators will now find that [[{{#special:MergeHistory}}]] is now significantly more flexible about what it can merge. It can now merge sections taken from the middle of the history of the source (rather than only the start) and insert revisions anywhere in the history of the destination page (rather than only the start). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382958]
* For users with &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-autotopicsub}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|enabled in their preferences]], starting a new topic or adding a reply to an existing topic will now subscribe them to replies to that topic. Previously, this would only happen if the DiscussionTools &quot;{{int:Skin-action-addsection}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Discussiontools-replybutton}}&quot; widgets were used. When DiscussionTools was originally launched existing accounts were not opted in to automatic topic subscriptions, so this change should primarily affect newer accounts and users who have deliberately changed their preferences since that time. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290778]
* Scribunto modules can now be used to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#SVG library|generate SVG images]]. This can be used to build charts, graphics and other visualizations dynamically through Lua, reducing the need to compose them externally and upload them as files. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405861]
* Wikimedia sites now provide all anonymous users with the option to enable a dark mode color scheme, featuring light-colored text on a dark background. This enhancement aims to deliver a more enjoyable reading experience, especially in dimly lit environments.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T395628]
* Users with large watchlists have long faced timeouts when editing [[Special:EditWatchlist|Special:EditWatchlist]]. The page now loads entries in smaller sections instead of all at once due to a paging update, allowing everyone to edit their watchlists smoothly. As part of the database update, sorting by expiry has been removed because it was over 100× slower than sorting by title. A [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Community_Wishlist/W454 community wish] has been created to explore alternative ways to restore sort-by-expiry. If this feature is important to you, please support the wish! [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T41510]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:31}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:31|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the fixing of the persisting highlighting when using VisualEditor find and replace during a query. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Since 2019 the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia URL Shortener|Wikimedia URL Shortener]] at https://w.wiki is available for all Wikimedia wikis to create short links to articles, permalinks, diffs, etc. It is available in the sidebar as &quot;Get shortened URL&quot;. There are 30 wikis that also install an older &quot;ShortUrl&quot; extension. The old extension will soon be removed. This means &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will not be advertised under article titles via HTML &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;class=&quot;title-shortlink&quot;&lt;/code&gt;. The &lt;code&gt;/s/&lt;/code&gt; URLs will keep working. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T107188]
* On Thursday, October 30, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Interfaces Team|MediaWiki Interfaces]] and [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Service Operations]] teams began rerouting Action API traffic through a common API gateway. Individual wikis will be updated based on the standard release groups, with total traffic increased over time. This change is expected to be non-breaking and non-disruptive. If any issues are observed, please file a Phabricator ticket to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/tag/serviceops/ Service Ops team] board.
* MediaWiki Train deployments will pause for the final two weeks of 2025: 22 December and 29 December. Backport windows will also pause between Monday, 22 December 2025 and Thursday, 2 January 2026. A backport window is a scheduled time to add things like bug fixes and configuration changes. There are seven deployment trains remaining for 2025. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/SMWTEAES4SDLDUSK4HMWNBSKNCXZAWYN/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.45/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* In 2025, the Wikimedia Foundation reported that AI systems and search engines increasingly use Wikipedia content without driving users to the site, contributing to an 8% drop in human pageviews compared to 2024. After detecting bots disguised as humans, Wikimedia updated its traffic data to reflect this shift. Read more about current user trends on Wikipedia in [[diffblog:2025/10/17/new-user-trends-on-wikipedia/|a Diff blog post]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/45|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W45&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:२०, ४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-46&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
[[File:Talk pages default look (April 2023).jpg|thumb|alt=Screenshot of the visual improvements made on talk pages|Example of a talk page with the new design, in French.]]
* Starting November 12, users will see a change in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Feature summary#Usability improvements|appearance of talk pages]] on [[Phab:T379264|some Wikipedias]]. Almost [[phab:T392121|all wikis]] have received this design change; [[phab:T409297|English Wikipedia]] will get these changes later. You can read more [[diffblog:2024/05/02/making-talk-pages-better-for-everyone/|on ''Diff'']]. Users can opt out of these changes [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|in their user preferences]] in &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-visualenhancements}}&quot;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T379264]
* MediaWiki can now display a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Protection indicators|page indicator]] automatically while a page is protected. This feature is disabled by default. It can be enabled by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Requesting wiki configuration changes|community request]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T12347]
* Using the &quot;{{int:showpreview}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:showdiff}}&quot; buttons in the wikitext editor will now carry over certain URL parameters like '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#useskin|useskin]]', '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Parameters to index.php#uselang|uselang]]' and '[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Section#Editing sections|section]]'. This update also fixes an issue where, if the browser crashed while previewing an edit to a single section, saving this edit could overwrite the entire page with just that section’s content. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T62744][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T24029][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T155097]
* Wikivoyage wikis can use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer#Markers and counters|colored map markers in the article text]]. The text of these markers will now be shown in contrasting black or white color, instead of always being white. Local workarounds for the problem can be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T369454]
* The Activity tab in the Wikipedia Android app is now available for all users. The new tab offers personalized insights into reading, editing, and donation activity, while simplifying navigation and making app use more engaging. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Android/Activity_Tab_Experiment]
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment called &quot;Image browsing&quot; to test how to make it easier for readers to browse and discover images on Wikipedia articles. This experiment, a mobile-only A/B test, will go live on English Wikipedia in the week of November 17 and will run for four weeks, affecting 0.05% of users on English wiki. The test launched on November 3 on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese wikis, affecting up to 10% of users on those wikis. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Reader_Growth/WE3.1.3_Image_Browsing]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example the inability to lock accounts on mobile sites has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T256185]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[wikitech:Help talk:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee#November 2025 committee nominations|Nominations are open on Wikitech]] for new [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Toolforge standards committee|Toolforge standards committee]] members. The committee oversees the Toolforge [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Right to fork policy|Right to fork policy]] and [[wikitech:Help:Toolforge/Abandoned tool policy|Abandoned tool policy]] among other duties. Nominations will remain open through 2025-11-28.
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT issuer field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]] has been changed to &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://meta.wikimedia.org&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* The [[w:JSON Web Token#Standard fields|JWT subject field]] in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/OAuth/For Developers#OAuth 2|OAuth 2 access tokens]] will soon change from &lt;code&gt;&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;mw:&lt;identity type&gt;:&lt;user id&gt;&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;&lt;identity type&gt;&lt;/code&gt; is typically &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;CentralAuth:&lt;/code&gt;&lt;!-- not a typo --&gt; (for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Unified login|SUL wikis]]) or &lt;code dir=ltr style=&quot;white-space:nowrap&quot;&gt;local:&lt;wiki id&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (for other wikis). This is to avoid conflicts between different user ID types, and to make OAuth 2 access tokens and the &lt;code&gt;sessionJwt&lt;/code&gt; cookie more similar. Old access tokens will still work. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399199]
* MediaWiki's block messages ([[MediaWiki:Blockedtext|blockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-partial|blockedtext-partial]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext|autoblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Systemblockedtext|systemblockedtext]], [[MediaWiki:Blockedtext-tempuser|blockedtext-tempuser]], [[MediaWiki:Autoblockedtext-tempuser|autoblockedtext-tempuser]]) now support additional parameters indicating whether the user is blocked from editing their own user talk page &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$9&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; or emailing other users &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;$&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;10&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T285612]
* A &lt;code&gt;REL1_45&lt;/code&gt; branch for MediaWiki core and each of the extensions and skins in Wikimedia git has been created. This is the first step in the release process for MediaWiki 1.45.0, scheduled for late November 2025. If you are working on a critical bug fix or working on a new feature, you may need to take note of this change. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/ZUY7TY3Z6XPZWZVAZV63OPO5OW52Q6GE/]
* The process for generating CirrusSearch dumps has been updated due to slowing performance. If you encounter any issues migrating to the replacement dumps, please contact the Search Platform Team for support. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T366248][https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/3KQPOR6ACVN6OVLMLZPIBXQSWQKW4E3K/]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/46|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W46&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:२३, ११ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&amp;oldid=29606150 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-47&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is experimenting with [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4_Reading lists|reading lists on mobile web]], allowing logged-in readers with no edits to save private lists of articles for later. The experiment is running on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias since the week of 10 November, and will begin on English Wikipedia the week of 17 November.
* Users who can’t receive their email verification code during login can now get help by submitting a form on a new special page. This update is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. If your account has an email address, please make sure you still have access to it. When logging in from a new device or location without 2FA, you may be asked to enter a 6-digit code sent by email to finish logging in. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Why are you requiring me to enter a code from my email to log in? Can I opt out of this?|Learn more]].
* One new wiki has been created: a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikisource}} in [[d:Q13324|Minangkabau]] ([[s:min:|&lt;code&gt;s:min:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408317]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, the Content Transform Team rolled out Parsoid as the default parser to many low-traffic Wikipedias and is preparing the next step to high traffic ones. This message is an invitation for you to opt-in to Parsoid, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation, and identify any issues you might encounter with your own workflow using bots, gadgets, or user scripts. Please, let us know through the ''&quot;Report Visual Bug&quot;'' link in the Tools sidebar or create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
* Unsupported Tools: Several issues with [[:c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons|Video2Commons]] have been fixed, including filename-related upload failures, black-video imports, and retry handling. AV1 support has also been added. Ongoing work focuses on backend stability, ffmpeg errors, subtitle imports, metadata handling, and playlist uploads. To track specific tasks, check the [[phab:tag/video2commons/|Phabricator board]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Save the date for the next Wikimedia Hackathon happening in Milan, Italy from May 1–3, 2026. Registration will open in January 2026. [https://pretix.eu/wikimedia/Hackathon-2026/ Scholarship applications are currently open], and will close on November 28, 2025. If you have any questions, please email &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;hackathon@wikimedia.org&lt;/bdi&gt;.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/47|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W47&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २३:११, १७ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-48&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Wikimedia Search Team]] recreated the &quot;DWIM&quot; (Do What I Mean) gadget functionality server-side, for Russian and Hebrew Wikipedias. This feature adds cross-keyboard suggestions to the standard search-box suggestions. For example, searching for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;und&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;cxfcnmt&lt;/span&gt;'' on Russian Wikipedia will now add suggestions for ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ru&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;счастье&lt;/span&gt;'' (&quot;happiness&quot;) that the user probably intended. They plan to enable this feature for other Russian and Hebrew wikis this week. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408734]
* Later this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have syntax highlighting available in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]]. This requires that the &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-sourcemodetoolbar}}&quot; preference be set. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T407918]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|Campaign events extension]] – the set of tools for coordinating events and other on-wiki collaborations has now been deployed to all Wikimedia wikis. A new feature known as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CampaignEvents/Collaborative contributions|Collaborative contribution]] to help organizers and participants see the impact of activities has also been added. Join the upcoming [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Connection learning session 3|learning session]] to see the new feature in action and share your feedback.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:24}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:24|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug which stopped CodeReviewBot from working, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410417]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
*  Users of Wikimedia API can join a usability study to help validate the new design of Wikimedia REST API sandboxes. Interested participants should fill the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/487662 recruitment survey]. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/IREJRRWTZTGCYWQHDMSNJFTQAEPOOAE3/]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is deprecating XSLT stylesheets within the Action API. Support for &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;format=xml'''&amp;xlst={stylesheet}'''&lt;/code&gt; will be removed from Wikimedia projects by the end of November, 2025. In addition, it will soon be disabled by default in MediaWiki release versions: v1.43 (LTS), v1.44, and v1.45. Support for XSLT stylesheets will be fully removed from MediaWiki v1.46 (expected to release between April and May 2026). [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/5AX7UWAVVUNUSBOIRHMNOKWOZ5EZI3JX/]
* The WDQS legacy endpoint ([https://query-legacy-full.wikidata.org/ query-legacy-full.wikidata.org]) will be decommissioned at the end of December 2025, and finally closed down on 7th January 2026. After this date, users should expect requests to query.wikidata.org that require the full graph to fail or return invalid results if they are not rewritten to use SPARQL federation. The team encourages users to ensure that tools and workflows use the supported WDQS endpoints (&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Main graph or &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://query-scholarly.wikidata.org/&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt; - Scholarly graph). For support with migrating use cases, please review the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Data_access|Data Access]] and [[d:Wikidata:Request_a_query|Request a Query]] pages for details and assistance on alternative access methods.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/48|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W48&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २१:४२, २४ नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: November 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 11 • November 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/November 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 &amp; 2026|Auckland Museum's Wiki Summer Student Programme is back for 2025 &amp; 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia|Edu Wiki camp 2025 in Belgrade, Serbia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras|Wikidata na Escola: estudantes da zona rural de Minas Gerais contribuem com dados sobre mulheres negras brasileiras]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day|190 students from Oteitza Lizeoa create 48 articles on the history of the Basque Country for Txikipedia in one day]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI|2nd International Congress Wikimedia, Education, and Digital Cultures – WECUDI]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States|Africa and Proud Leads Wiki Classroom Project Across Three Nigerian States]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th|November 2025November 2025/Annual Czech Wiki Conference took place on Saturday, Nov 8th]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025|EduWiki Meetup at GLAM Wiki Conference 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia|Highly productive autumn education activities in Macedonia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka|Kannada Wikipedia Asian Month 2025: Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop Highlights from Loyola College, Karnataka]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe|Kosovo Wikivoyage Editathons in Gjakova and Krusha e Madhe]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course|Ukrainian educators create open lesson plans based on the «Reading Wikipedia in the Classroom» course]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training|United Architects of the Philippines Student Auxiliary – University of Nueva Caceres joins Wikisource Training]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM|Videos on Teaching Experiences with Wikipedia, Wikidata, Commons, and OSM]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge|Wiki as a tool for technological empowerment of indigenous knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo|Wiki Science Competition in Albania and Kosovo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions|Wiki Workshop 2026 Call for Contributions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo|Wikipedia Contribution with Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Sciences Students in Kosovo]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/November 2025/Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community|Impact of Wikimedia Rwanda Wiki Clubs in Growth of Wikimedia User Group Rwanda Community]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १९:३१, ३० नोभेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-49&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Wikipedia Year in Review 2025 will be available on December 2 for users of iOS and Android Wikipedia apps, featuring new personalized insights, updated reading highlights, and refreshed designs. Learn more on the review's [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/Updates|project page]].
* The Growth team is working on improving the text and presentation of the Verification Email sent to new users to make them more welcoming, useful and informative. Some new text have been drafted for A/B testing and you can help by translating them. See [[phab:T396155|Phabricator]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] will now be deployed at Japanese, Urdu and Chinese Wikipedias on December 2. Add a link is based on a prediction model that suggests links to be added to articles. While this feature has already been available on most Wikipedias, the prediction model could not support certain languages. A new model has now been developed to handle these languages, and it will be gradually rolled out to other Wikipedias over time. If you would like to know more, please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where search boxes on some Commons pages showed no results due to switch from SpecialSearch to MediaSearch, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399476]
* Two new wikis have been created:
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q36846|Toki Pona]] ([[w:tok:|&lt;code&gt;w:tok:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404457]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikiquote}} in [[d:Q33655|Nigerian Pidgin]] ([[q:pcm:|&lt;code&gt;q:pcm:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408318]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation is in the early stages of exploring approaches to '''Article guidance'''. The initiative aims to identify interventions that could help new editors easily understand and apply existing Wikipedia practices and policies when creating an article. The project is in the exploration and early experimental design phase. All community members are encouraged to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|learn more]] about the project, and share their thoughts on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Article guidance|the talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/49|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W49&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:४३, २ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-50&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Anybody who wishes to secure their user account can now use [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). This is available to all registered users of all Wikimedia projects. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] initiative. Later, 2FA will be required for all users who can take security- or privacy-sensitive actions.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Following last week's deployments, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Tools/Add a link|Add a link]] feature, which allows editors to add suggested links during editing, will be available to an additional [[Phab:T410469|33 Wikipedias]] starting on 9 December. This expansion is possible thanks to the new prediction model that now supports all languages, including those that were previously not covered. While the feature has been available on most Wikipedias for some time, this rollout brings us closer to using the improved model everywhere. If you have any questions or would like more details please contact [[mw:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]].
* Last week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Search Platform|Search Platform team]] added [[w:en:Transliteration|transliterated]] as-you-type search suggestions to Georgian wikis. If there are only a few regular search suggestions, then queries in Latin or Cyrillic script [[phab:T127003|are now rewritten into Georgian script]] to look for more matches. For example, searching for either &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Latn&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''bedniereba''&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka-Cyrl&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;''бедниереба''&lt;/bdi&gt; will now suggest the existing article about &lt;bdi lang=&quot;ka&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;ბედნიერება&lt;/bdi&gt; (&quot;happiness&quot;). You can recommend other languages where transliterated suggestions would be useful [[phab:T375215|on Phabricator]] for future development.
* Later this week, a controlled experiment will begin for editors on the 100 largest Wikipedias who are editing a section in the mobile web visual editor. 50% of these editors will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button that will enable them to expand their editing session to the whole page. This feature is intended to make it easier for people on mobile web to edit any article section, regardless of which section-edit icon they tapped to begin. The experiment will last ~4 weeks. You can find [[phab:T409112|more details]] about the project.
* Later this week, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] will launch a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.1.14 Expanded Mobile Sections|mobile web experiment]] to expand all article sections by default (currently they are collapsed by default) and pin the section header the user is currently reading to the top of the page. The experiment will affect 10% of users on Arabic, Chinese, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409485]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Wikipedia Year in Review/2025 Year in Review|Wikipedia Year in Review 2025]], a feature in the Wikipedia mobile apps (iOS and Android) that provides users with a personalised summary of their engagement with Wikipedia over the year, is now available on the iOS and Android apps. This edition includes expanded personalised insights, improved reading highlights, new donor messaging, and updated designs. Open the app to view your Year in Review and explore your reading journey from 2025.
* A recent software bug caused edits made with VisualEditor to make unintended changes to wikitext, including removing whitespace and replacing spaces with underscores in wikilinks inside citations. This was partially fixed last week, and further fixes are in progress. Editors who used VisualEditor between November 28 and December 2 should review their edits for unexpected modifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411238]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the incorrect handling of URLs copied from the address bar of Microsoft Edge users, has been resolved. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T341281]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting this week, users of the &quot;{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] as the editor for Lua, JavaScript, CSS, JSON and Vue content models, instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]]. With this, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linters]] will be upgraded. This is part of a larger effort to eventually replace CodeEditor and provide a consistent code editing experience. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373711]
* Developers are encouraged to take the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/552643 2025 Developer Satisfaction Survey], which remains open until 5 January 2026. If you build software for the Wikimedia ecosystem and would like to share your experiences or feedback, your participation is greatly appreciated. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/W4WBKO6Q55UWWCCSFWQATKEXBEHP3QNR/]
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/50|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W50&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २३:३१, ८ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-51&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, one of the fixes addressed an issue for temporary accounts adding an external URL, which triggered an hCaptcha request in more cases than intended, and did not display the required popup on the first attempt to publish the edit. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411927]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To improve database and site performance, external links to Wikimedia projects will no longer be stored in the database. This means they will not be searchable in [[{{#special:LinkSearch}}]], will not be checked by the Spam Blacklist or AbuseFilter as new links, and will not be in the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;externallinks&lt;/code&gt; table on database replicas. In the future this may be extended to other highly-linked trusted websites on a per-wiki basis, such as Creative Commons links on Wikimedia Commons. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T405005]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/51|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W51&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:४८, १६ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: December 2025 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 14 • Issue 12 • December 2025&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/December 2025/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages|WikiLatih Wiktionary with the Goethe-Institut: Strengthening the Digital Presence of Indonesia’s Local Languages]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage|Wiki in schools - Architecture and Open Heritage]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context|What are the challenges and opportunities in scientific dissemination? Reflecting on the topic in the Brazilian context]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge|WikipediaxAI: Wikipedia, AI, and the future of knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina|Wikipedia at University Another year of working alongside higher education institutions in Argentina]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop in St Aloysius University |WAM - Tulu Edit-a-thon &amp; Workshop in St Aloysius University]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição|Visibilizando memórias negras: estudantes da UFRGS ampliam a Wikipédia com foco na imprensa e no associativismo pós-abolição]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025|Transforming Education Through Wikimedia in Kosovo: 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania|New WikiClubs and educational partnership in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania|New WikiClub with the Dibra Youth Center in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025|Landmark Educational Initiatives and Wikimedia Programs Transform Learning in 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/December 2025/Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop|Knowledge in the Digital Age: A WMUK Collaborative Workshop]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २०:०७, १७ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2025-52&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* From January, edit filters [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter/Access flags|can be set]] to automatically suppress their details such as rules and list of attempted edits and actions. This will help oversighters use edit filters to prevent doxxing or other suppressible material. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T290324]
* The next issue of Tech News will be sent out on 12 January 2026 because of the end of year holidays. Thank you to all of the translators, and people who submitted content or feedback, this year.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:16}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:16|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the crash that occurred when tapping &quot;First Steps&quot; in the Wikipedia Android Year in Review has now been fixed, and the feature opens as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411546]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Interface elements such as diffs and categories generated by MediaWiki used to have the attribute &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to distinguish from wiki content. The attribute has been replaced with &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw-interface=&quot;&quot;&lt;/code&gt;, to avoid potential conflicts with other &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-mw&lt;/code&gt; attributes, which are generated by Parsoid. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409187]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] There is no new MediaWiki version this week or next week.
'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications just opened mid-December and will close in mid-January or earlier if capacity is reached. With space for approximately 100 participants, early application is encouraged.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/52|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2025-W52&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:३०, २३ डिसेम्बर २०२५ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-03&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596]
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support &quot;map&quot; as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W03&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:१९, १३ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-04&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] 
* [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/&lt;/code&gt;) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]!
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there!

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W04&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:१५, २० जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-05&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February.
* All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project.
* Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the &quot;prevent this user from editing their own talk page&quot; is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new AbuseFilter variable, &lt;code&gt;account_type&lt;/code&gt;, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the &lt;code&gt;createaccount&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;autocreateaccount&lt;/code&gt; actions. As part of this change, the variable &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; has been renamed to &lt;code&gt;account_name&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;accountname&lt;/code&gt; is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049]
* Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;upload.wikimedia.org/…&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W05&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:०३, २७ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: January 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 1 • January 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/January 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026|Strengthening Wikimedia Education and Digital Literacy in 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan|Dzongkha Wikipedia Education Program in Bhutan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia Education Program - Train The Trainer in Nepal|Wikipedia Education Program – Train The Trainer in Nepal]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU|Wikipedia 25 celebration in the Igbo Wiki Fan Club Alvan and IMSU]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program|CBSUA boosts Open Knowledge and Local Culture through expanded Wiki Education Program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth|WikiChallenge African Schools: Young voices, real impact, and continued (reasonable) growth]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme|Updates on Auckland Museum Summer Student Programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network|Stronger and bolder Wikiforhumanrights 2025 in Anambra Network]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge|Official Opening of IFAK Secondary School Wiki Club: Engaging Youth in Learning Through Open Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025|Greetings from the Jeronim de Rada WikiClub in Elbasan, Albania, for Christmas 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme|Great and productive final activities of 2025 Wikimedia MKD education programme]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/Envisioning an Open Future together - WikiForAll|Envisioning an Open Future together – WikiForAll]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025|A look back: reviewing the main education activities in Brazil in 2025]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge|A 147-Year-Old Institution Celebrates 25 Years of Wikipedia: St Aloysius University and the Spirit of Open Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/¡Celebrando 25 años de conocimiento libre! El Proyecto &quot;25x25&quot; llega a las aulas de Córdoba, Argentina|Celebrating 25 years of free knowledge! The '25x25' Project reaches the classrooms of Córdoba, Argentina]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/January 2026/A atuação em rede da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora para a difusão do conhecimento livre na Wikipédia|The collaborative efforts of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora for the dissemination of free knowledge on Wikipedia]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] ००:११, २९ जनवरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-06&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The &quot;{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}&quot; feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]]

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product &amp; Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W06&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २३:२९, २ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-07&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors.
* A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] 
* When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458]
* The automatic &quot;magic links&quot; for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{#isbn}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604]
* Two new wikis have been created: 
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|&lt;code&gt;w:kaj:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283]
** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|&lt;code&gt;w:ppl:&lt;/code&gt;]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. 

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W07&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०५:१६, १० फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-08&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval]
* The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias.
* Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#siteNotice { display: none; }&lt;/code&gt; to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the &quot;view new changes since…&quot; button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W08&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:०२, १७ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-09&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html]
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764]
* Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new &quot;Edit full page&quot; button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered &quot;beta&quot; on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:skin-theme-description&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag&lt;/code&gt; to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta.
* The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild&lt;/code&gt;, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W09&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:४९, २४ फेब्रुअरी २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-10&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]].
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&amp;filter=&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate help to localize] this and related features.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912]
* Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807]
* Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;uselang=&lt;/code&gt; URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111]
* The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily.
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust &amp; Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696]
* The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views.
* The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users.
* [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W10&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २३:३७, २ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: February 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 2 • February 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/February 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces|Cairo University Spanish Language Volunteers document Madrid’s Historic and Contemporary Palaces]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan|Celebrating 25 Years of Wikipedia in Uzbekistan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Encontro da Rede Latino Americana de Inteligência Artificial Feminista: construindo futuros possíveis|Meeting of the Latin American Network of Feminist Artificial Intelligence: building possible futures]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students|Farewelling the Auckland Museum Summer Students]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi|Inclusive Climate Learning with Wikimedia Reaches Special School in Kumasi]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana |Introducing Wikimedia in Academic curriculum for students of higher education in universities of Telangana]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade|Learning from Finland: Edit-a-thon on Finnish Education set to take place in Belgrade]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics|Library of IME-USP Workshop: Edits in History of Mathematics]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia|LitFest 2026: Room to Dream to amplify local voices across Wikimedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia|New online workshops for the German language Wikipedia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors|Road to Wiki Cohort 1: Building India's Next Generation of Wikimedia Technical Contributors]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects|The history of the Wikimedia movement in a Brazil: a book about stories and projects]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day|Wiki Club Federal Government Boys College Celebrates Mother Tongue Day]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages|Wiki Club Minalabac joins Freedom to Read 2026: One World, Many Languages]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026|Wiki Love Folklore Photowalk at Khajuraho Dance Festival 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity|Wiki Loves Fish Workshop Empowers Students to Document Coastal Biodiversity]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia|WikiCendekia 2026: Insights from our training of admins in Indonesia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops|Wikimedia MKD's activities- new wiki club and a lots of new training workshops]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valorisation du patrimoine culturel africain à l'Université Senghor|WikiPatrimoine Senghor : Valuation of African cultural heritage at the University Senghor]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/February 2026/Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future|Wikipedia Turns 25: Young Voices, Big Future]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १७:४०, ३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-11&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.
* Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]).

'''Updates for editors'''
* Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118]
* Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]].
* The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W11&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ००:३८, १० मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-12&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055]
* On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016]
* Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]].
* Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874]
* Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.lib&lt;/code&gt; modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;ext.CodeMirror.switch&lt;/code&gt; hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720]
* The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects).
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W12&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:२१, १७ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६ ==

नमस्ते {{BASEPAGENAME}} ज्यू!

तपाईंलाई [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६]] मा सहभागी हुन हार्दिक निमन्त्रणा गर्दछौं। यो ३-हप्ते अभियान (२३ मार्च – १३ अप्रिल २०२६) मार्फत नेपाली विकिपिडियामा अत्यावश्यक लेखहरू सुधार र विस्तार गर्ने लक्ष्य राखिएको छ।

यस अभियानमा सहभागी भई तपाईंले:
* विकिपिडियामा सम्पादन गर्ने सीप विकास गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ
* लेखहरू सुधार, अनुवाद तथा नयाँ लेख सिर्जना गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ
* नेपाली विकिपिडियामा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिन सक्नुहुन्छ

उत्कृष्ट योगदानकर्ताहरूलाई [https://diff.wikimedia.org/ Diff] (विकिमिडिया समुदाय ब्लग) मार्फत विशेष पहिचान दिइनेछ।

प्रति हप्ता २–५ घण्टा समय दिएर पनि तपाईं सहभागी हुन सक्नुहुन्छ। सहभागी हुन र थप जानकारीका लागि कृपया [[Event:अत्यावश्यक ज्ञान अभियान २०२६|अभियान पृष्ठ हेर्नुहोस्]]।

धन्यवाद! --[[प्रयोगकर्ता:Saroj|Saroj]] ([[प्रयोगकर्ता वार्ता:Saroj|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १५:३६, २३ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-13&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W13&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|&quot;Log in with passkey&quot; button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies.

'''Updates for editors'''
* Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948]
* Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647]
* The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823]
* Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia.

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&amp;oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127]

* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
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==[[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]] [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने]]मा मनोनित==
[[Image:Information icon4.svg|48px|left|alt=|link=]]
{{Quote box|quote=&lt;p&gt;यदि यो तपाईँले सृजना गर्नुभएको पहिलो लेख हो भने, तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:स्वशिक्षा|लेखन सहयोग स्वशिक्षा]] पढ्न सक्नुहुन्छ।&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;लेख सृजना गर्न मद्दत गर्ने [[विकिपिडिया:लेख विजार्ड|लेख सहायिका]] पनि तपाईँ प्रयोग गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।&lt;/p&gt;|width=20%|align=right}}
नमस्कार, विकिपिडियामा तपाईँलाई [[विकिपिडिया:स्वागत/नव आगन्तुक|स्वागत]] छ। यस [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )]]लाई विकिपिडिया देखि [[विकिपिडिया:पृष्ठ हटाउने नीति|चाँडैनै मेटिने]] भनेर एउटा चिनो राखिएको छ। यसले [[वि:शीमे#ले१|ले१]] मापदण्ड अन्तर्गत '''कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएको''' वा '''विषय पहिचान गर्न पर्याप्त सन्दर्भको कमी भएको''' जनाउदछ। [[विकिपिडिया:प्रमानिकता|कुनै सन्दर्भ नभएका]] सम्पूर्ण सामग्रीलाई [[विकिपिडिया:शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने आधार|शीघ्र मेट्नुपर्ने मापदण्ड]]को आधारमा कुनै पनि समयमा मेटिन सक्छ। 

यदि तपाईँलाई लाग्छ पृष्ठलाई यस कारणले मेटाउनु हुँदैन, तपाईँ '''नामाङ्कन विरोध गर्न''' [[:राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धतिको योजना (२०२८ - २०३२ )|पृष्ठमा गएर]] आफ्नो विचार राख्नुहोला। यसले तपाईँलाई पृष्ठ किन मेटाउनु हुँदैन वर्णन गर्ने अवसर दिनेछ। यद्यपि, याद रहोस्, एक पटक पृष्ठ शीघ्र मेटाउन अङ्कित भएमा, यो तत्काल मेटाइनेछ। कृपया पृष्ठबाट शीघ्र मेटाउने चिनो आफैंले नहटाउनुहोला, तर विकिपिडियाको [[विकिपिडिया:नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरूको सूची|नीति तथा दिशानिर्देशहरू]] अनुरूप जानकारी थप्न नहिचकिचाउनुहोला। यदि पृष्ठ मेटिसकिएको, र भविष्यका सन्दर्भ वा सुधारको लागि तपाईँ मेटाइएको सामग्री पुनःप्राप्त गर्न चाहनुहुन्छ भने, कृपया {{Querylink|Special:Log|qs=type=delete&amp;page=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF+%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE+%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B+%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE+%28%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%AE+-+%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A8+%29|मेटाउने प्रशासकलाई सम्पर्क गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ}}, वा यदि तपाईँले पहिल्यै त्यसो गरिसक्नुभएमा, एउटा अनुरोध तपाईँ [[विकिपिडिया:मेटाइएको संशोधन|यहाँ राख्न सक्नुहुन्छ]]। &lt;!-- Template:Db-nocontext-notice --&gt; &lt;!-- Template:Db-csd-notice-custom --&gt; [[User:पर्वत सुवेदी|पर्वत सुवेदी]] ([[User talk:पर्वत सुवेदी|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २१:५०, २८ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-14&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]].
* The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap &quot;Edit&quot;. This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W14&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:११, ३१ मार्च २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: March 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 3 • March 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/March 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona|Advancing 21st-Century Education: Proposal to Establish the Yorùbá Wikipedia Fan Club at Arolu College of Education, Ilemona]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG|Awareness Programme on Language and Culture Protection by KWUG]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources|Teachers from Various Institutions in Rio de Janeiro Explore Wikipedia as a Means of Preserving Memory and Checking Sources]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe|Edu Wiki Nigeria Co-Founder Facilitates Textbook Donation to AHAJAS Integrated School, Gombe]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program|Inside Wikimedia Ukraine's education program]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026|Karavali Wikimedians at Mangaluru Design Summit 2026]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up|One School, One Article Campaign Wrap Up]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN|Seeds of Knowledge: A Wiki Project that Sparked a Community at ADUN]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology|Student workshops at Serbian Universities: enriching Wikipedia with topics on culture and technology]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries|The Open Knowledge Alliance: Wikimedia and Libraries]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners|Wikimedia CR published updated guide for beginners]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil|Wikimedia goes back to the classroom in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI|Workshop on Feminism and Folklore 2026 by Wiki Club SATI]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities|“Wikimedia MKD in Action: Teacher Conferences and Education Activities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/March 2026/Wikipedia &amp; Libraries: Building New Contributors|Wikipedia &amp; Libraries: Building New Contributors]]

&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] १६:०६, १ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-15&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''

* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]].
* [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304]
* All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]].
* The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;format=php&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538]
* The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example &quot;WP&quot; for the &quot;Project&quot; (&quot;Wikipedia&quot;) namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W15&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:०४, ६ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-16&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature.
'''Updates for editors'''
* On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294]
* The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (&lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;action=query&amp;meta=notifications&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991]
* Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W16&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २१:०४, १३ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-17&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W17&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059]
* A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest &quot;Liquid Glass&quot; visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update.

'''Updates for editors'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias.
* An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]].
* On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332]
* The &lt;code&gt;mirrors.wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt; service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707]
* The &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;image&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; or &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;oldimage&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; directly, please update them to use the &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;file&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;filerevision&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741]
* Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]].
* There is no new MediaWiki version this week.

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
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== This Month in Education: April 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 4 • April 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/April 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update|Empowering Knowledge: Wikimedia MKD Education Update]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh|WikiScholar: A School-Level Initiative to Promote Free Knowledge in Bangladesh]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War|Wikipedia for School 2025–2026: A Competition That Continued Despite Frost, Power Outages, and War]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course|Wikimedia UK and Thoughtful delivery new media literacy teacher training course]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools|Wikimedia CR supporting SDG's in Czech schools]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia|University Students’ Mandatory Internships at Wikimedia Armenia]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania|Third year of collaboration with Aleksandër Xhuvani University in Elbasan, Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan|Students Discover Open Source and Learn Wikipedia and Wikidata Skills for the First Time in Zarqa, Jordan]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria|Leveraging on Wikipedia as a tool for curbing Health Misinformation and Disinformation in Akwa Ibom and Rivers State, Nigeria]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites|Governance and Public Knowledge: Wikipedia as a Learning Tool in Sustainability Education through UNESCO Designated Sites]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/April 2026/A month full of encounters with students in Brazil|A month full of encounters with students in Brazil]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २१:४६, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-18&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484]
* All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the &quot;automatically enable most beta features&quot; option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W18&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २३:५१, २७ अप्रिल २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-19&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available.
'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]].
* The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909]
* From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the &quot;Translate to English&quot; dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] 
* The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as &quot;changes 3&quot; instead of &quot;3 changes&quot; in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091]
'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W19&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:२८, ५ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-20&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks.
* The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mediawiki.ui.input&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W20&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०१:०५, १२ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-21&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]].

'''Updates for editors'''
* An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions.
* To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the &quot;Tools &gt; Action&quot; menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008]
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]]

'''In depth'''

* On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]].
* The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for &quot;Who Wrote That&quot; and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W21&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:०७, १९ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;You may be eligible to vote in the U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am contacting you because you previously voted in elections related to the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. You may be eligible to vote in the current U4C election, which is open now and closes on 2 June 2026. You can find out more about the candidates and the election on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|the election page on Meta]], and from there you can access the vote itself. Your participation in these elections is important to the governance of Wikimedia communities, and your time spent learning about the candidates and voting is appreciated.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) २३:०१, २० मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== Belated Wiki Anniversary Wishes 🎉 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border: 3px solid #f75920; background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; margin: 10px 0; font-size: 95%; line-height: 1.6em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:Rose and Carnation Flower Bouquet 02.png|150px|right|Happy Wiki Anniversary]]

Dear [[User:Nawaraj Ghimire|Nawaraj Ghimire]],

Your wiki anniversary was '''26 days''' ago, marking '''12 years''' of dedicated service! I wanted to extend a heartfelt thanks for your amazing contributions. With over '''7,473''' edits, your dedication is an inspiration to the community. Wishing you all the best for the year ahead!

''Use this [https://wiki-anniversary.toolforge.org/ '''Tool'''] to send wiki anniversary wishes to other amazing Wikimedians.''

- [[User:Suyash.dwivedi|Suyash.dwivedi]] ([[User talk:Suyash.dwivedi|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) १८:४२, २१ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
&lt;/div&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-22&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] 

'''Updates for editors'''
* For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis.
* After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The legacy CSS classes &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;tright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; have been replaced with &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatleft&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;floatright&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W22&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०३:३७, २६ मे २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== This Month in Education: May 2026 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:2.9em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This Month in Education&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:bold; color:#00A7E2; font-size:1.4em; font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Volume 15 • Issue 5 • May 2026&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1; border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em; font-size:larger; margin-bottom:0.2em&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026|Contents]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/May 2026/Headlines|Headlines]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe]]&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;color:white; font-size:1.8em; font-family:Montserrat; background:#92BFB1;&quot;&gt;In This Issue&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left; column-count: 2; column-width: 35em;&quot;&gt;
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities|Teaching innovation with Wikimedia. Shared experiences in Spanish Universities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania|Editing Wikipedia with Viktor Hygo High School in Albania]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Debating free license in Brazil|Debating free license in Brazil]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India|Microclimatic Explainers: A short-form media approach to build micro-level environmental awareness in India]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects|Ukraine publishes the first academic collection of papers on Wikipedia and Wikimedia Projects]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges|Wiki Digital Youth Club Launches in Tanzania: Youth Build Digital Skills Through Competitive Quest Challenges]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem|Wiki Youth Participation in Building Rwanda’s Open Knowledge Ecosystem]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria|Wikimedia Digi-Youth Club in Nigeria]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikimedia MKD's Education News &amp; Activities|Wikimedia MKD's Education News &amp; Activities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/News/May 2026/Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year|Wikipedia Serbia's interns and Wiki Ambassadors provide crucial support towards end of the school year]]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:10px; text-align: center; font-size:90%; padding-left:5px; font-family:Georgia, Palatino, Palatino Linotype, Times, Times New Roman, serif;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Education/Newsletter/About|About ''This Month in Education'']] · [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/This Month in Education|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:Special:MyLanguage/MassMessage|Global message delivery]] · For the team: [[:m:User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] २२:३८, १ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-23&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month.
* The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed &quot;Community&quot; tab and a personalized &quot;For You&quot; tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps.
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W23&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; ०२:५४, २ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-24&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/&quot;Which came first?&quot; Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's &quot;On This Day&quot; content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=ext-cite&amp;language=en&amp;action_source=search&amp;filter=%21translated&amp;optional=1&amp;action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__HIDDENCAT__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662]
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups.
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. 
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171]

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* The function signature for &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; use &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt;. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of &lt;bdi lang=&quot;zxx&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;addPortletLink()&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/bdi&gt; and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945]
* '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product &amp; Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]]

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W24&quot;/&gt;
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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-25&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use &lt;code&gt;class=notpageimage&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from thumbnail previews, or &lt;code&gt;class=noviewer&lt;/code&gt; excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. 
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class=&quot;wikitable&quot;|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;data-sort-order=&quot;desc&quot;&lt;/code&gt; to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416]

'''Updates for editors'''
* The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page.
* Wikis that wish to replace the &quot;indefinitely&quot; button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change.
* The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited.
* The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]].
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server].
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4).
* Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. 

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;technews-2026-W25&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; २२:३४, १५ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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== Thank you for being a part of Feminism and Folklore 2026 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|right|350px]]

Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Your contributions helped make this year's [[:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore]] campaign a great success, and we are truly grateful for your time, knowledge, and dedication to documenting women's stories and folklore on Wikimedia projects.

As we reflect on this year's campaign and prepare for the next edition, we'd love to hear about your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill out our feedback form and share your thoughts and suggestions.

As a token of our appreciation, everyone who completes the form will receive a '''special digital postcard'''! in their email. This year marks '''''25 years of Wikipedia''''', and the postcard has been created to celebrate this milestone and to recognize the incredible efforts of participants like you who continue to enrich free knowledge for the world.

'''Form Link - [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdqFZN9IdWbAnZ_7DyG5bIsuq7KAkdsIxweC_TdPH9In-tthQ/viewform?usp=dialog here]'''

Please complete the feedback form by '''25 June 2026'''.

Thank you once again for making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a success. We hope to see you again in future campaigns!

Best regards,

Feminism and Folklore international Team.

--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|कुरा गर्नुहोस्]]) २०:१६, १८ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)

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== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Tech News: 2026-26&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;technews-2026-W26&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available.

'''Weekly highlight'''
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration.

'''Updates for editors'''
* The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902]
* Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]].

'''Updates for technical contributors'''
* Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to &quot;require CAPTCHA verification&quot; will begin to also affect users with the &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The &lt;code&gt;skipcaptcha&lt;/code&gt; right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595]
* Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&amp;title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox].
* The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537]
* [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]]

'''Meetings and events'''
* Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]].

'''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&amp;nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].''
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&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; १८:५०, २३ जुन २०२६ (नेपाली समय)
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      <sha1>nvfpyhz02y89rv98oes10qtp0js3uw2</sha1>
    </revision>
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    <title>उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली</title>
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        <username>Bishaldev100</username>
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      <text bytes="8902" sha1="0vj7hlmxo6706uutiey23lbu5quy7lj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox national football team
| Name                = उरुग्वे
| Nickname            = ''La Celeste'' (The Sky Blues) &lt;br /&gt;“Los Charrúas”
| Badge               = Uruguay national football team seal.svg
| Badge_size          = 132px
| Association         = [[उरुग्वे फुटबल सङ्घ]]
| Sub-confederation   = 
| Confederation       = [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ|दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ]] (दक्षिण अमेरिका)
| Coach               = [[Fabian Coito|Fabián Coito]] (interim)
| Asst Manager        = [[Celso Otero]]
| Captain             = [[डिएगो गोडिन]]
| Most caps           = [[म्याक्सी पियरा]] (१२५)
| Top scorer          = [[लुइस स्वारेज]] (५५)
| Home Stadium        = [[Estadio Centenario]], [[मोन्टेभिडियो]]
| FIFA Trigramme      = URU
| FIFA Rank           = {{Nft rank|५|up|९|date=१६ अगस्ट २०१८}}
| FIFA max            = २
| FIFA max date       = जुलाई २०११
| FIFA min            = ५५
| FIFA min date       = डिसेम्बर १९९८
| Elo Rank            = {{Nft rank|७|up|४|date= ९ जुलाई २०१८}}
| Elo max             = १
| Elo max date        = विभिन्न मितिहरु १९२०–३१
| Elo min             = ४८
| Elo min date        = ५ सेप्टेम्बर १९७९
| Elo rating max      = २०२३
| Elo rating max date = १३ जून १९२८ 
| pattern_la1         = _uru18h
| pattern_b1          = _uru18h
| pattern_ra1         = _uru18h
| pattern_sh1         =
| pattern_so1         = _urug18h
| leftarm1            = FFFFFF
| body1               = FFFFFF
| rightarm1           = FFFFFF
| shorts1             = 000000
| socks1              = 000000
| pattern_la2         = _uru18a
| pattern_b2          = _uru18a
| pattern_ra2         = _uru18a
| pattern_sh2         =
| pattern_so2         =
| leftarm2            = FFFFFF
| body2               = FFFFFF
| rightarm2           = FFFFFF
| shorts2             = FFFFFF
| socks2              = FFFFFF
| First game = {{fb|Uruguay}} २-३ {{fb-rt|Argentina|alt}}&lt;br /&gt;([[मोंटेभिडियो]], उरुग्वे; १६ मे १९०१)
| Largest win ={{fb|Uruguay}} ९-० {{fb-rt|Bolivia}}&lt;br /&gt;([[लिमा,पेरु]]; ९ नोभेम्बर १९२७)
| Largest loss = {{fb|Uruguay}} ०-६ {{fb-rt|Argentina|alt}}&lt;br /&gt;([[मोंटेभिडियो]], उरुग्वे; २० जुलाई १९०२)
| Honours = [[File:Football European Cup.svg|30px|1964 European Nations' Cup]]
| World cup apps = १२
| World cup first = १९३०
| World cup best = बिजेता, [[१९३० फिफा विश्वकप|१९३०]] र [[१९५० फिफा विश्वकप|१९५०]]
| Regional name = [[कोपा अमेरिका]]
| Regional cup apps = ४१
| Regional cup first = [[South American Championship 1916|१९१६]]
| Regional cup best = बिजेता, [[South American Championship 1916|१९१६]], [[South American Championship 1917|१९१७]], [[South American Championship 1920|१९२०]], [[South American Championship 1923|१९२३]], [[South American Championship 1924|१९२४]], [[South American Championship 1926|१९२६]], [[South American Championship 1935|१९३५]], [[South American Championship 1942|१९४२]], [[South American Championship 1956|१९५६]], [[South American Championship 1959 (Ecuador)|१९५९]], [[South American Championship 1967|१९६७]], [[Copa América 1983|१९८३]], [[Copa América 1987|१९८७]], [[Copa América 1995|१९९५]], [[2011 Copa América|२०११]]
| Confederations cup apps = २
| Confederations cup first = [[1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|१९९७]]
| Confederations cup best = चौथौ स्थान, [[1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|१९९७]], [[२०१३ फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप|२०१३]]
| medaltemplates = 
{{MedalGold|[[1924 Summer Olympics|१९२४]]|[[Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics - Men's team squads#.C2.A0Uruguay|टिम]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[:en:1928 Summer Olympics|१९२८]]|[[:en:Football at the 1928 Summer Olympics - Men's team squads#.C2.A0Uruguay|टिम]]}}
}}
'''उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम''' अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा [[उरुग्वे]]को प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ र उरुग्वे फुटबल सङ्घरा नियन्त्रित गर्ने गरिन्छ । टिम सामान्यतः '''लोस खर्रुअस्''' या '''ला सेलेस्ते''' को रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ । उरुग्वेले कोपा अमेरिका प्रतियोगिता १५ पटक जितेको छ ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|title=Luis Suárez and Diego Forlán shoot Uruguay to record 15th Copa América|date=24 July 2011|work=Guardian|accessdate=25 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस टिमले २ पटक  [[फिफा विश्वकप]] जितेको छ जसमा उद्घाटन फिफा विश्वकप [[१९३० फिफा विश्वकप|१९३०]] र &lt;ref name=&quot;es.fifa.com&quot;&gt;http://es.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02s_fwc-origin_8819.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111130914/http://es.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02s_fwc-origin_8819.pdf |date=2012-11-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[१९५० फिफा विश्वकप|१९५०]] सामेल रहेको छ ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Football, football, football|work=UruguayNow|url=http://www.uruguaynow.com/uruguayan_football.php|accessdate=13 May 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211135046/http://www.uruguaynow.com/uruguayan_football.php |date=11 February 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; यो टिमले २ पटक ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक खेलको फुटबल विधामा स्वर्ण पदक जितेको छ जसमा [[१९२४ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक|१९२४]] और [[१९२८ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक|१९२८]] रहेको छ ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Football's debt to Uruguay|work=BBC Sport| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/team_pages/uruguay/newsid_1907000/1907148.stm|accessdate=27 April 2011|date=8 April 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; उरुग्वे एउटा सानो राष्ट्र जसको जनसङ्ख्या (३२.५ लाख सन् २०११ मा) भएता पनि यिनिहरूको सफलता यस तथ्यले प्रतिबिम्बित भइरहेको छ। सन् १९३० मा आफ्नो पहिलो विश्वकप जित्दा समय उरुग्वेको जनसङ्ख्या मात्रै १२.५ लाख रहेको थियो ।

==सम्मान==
===फिफा विश्वकप===
*'''विजेता (२) [[Image:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]]:''' [[१९३० फिफा विश्वकप|१९३०]], [[१९५० फिफा विश्वकप|१९५०]]
===कोपा अमेरिका===
*'''विजेता (१५) [[Image:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]]:''' १९१६, १९१७, १९२०, १९२३, १९२४, १९२६, १९३५, १९४२, १९५६, १९५९, १९६७, १९८३, १९८७, १९९५, २०११
== सन्दर्भ सामग्री ==
{{reflist}}
==बाह्य कडीहरु==
{{commons category|उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम}}
*[http://www.auf.org.uy/Portal/SELECTIONS_MENS/1/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट]
*[https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=uru/ फिफा प्रोफाइल]
{{कमन्सश्रेणी|Uruguay national association football team}}

[[श्रेणी:दक्षिण अमेरिकी राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप विजेता देशहरू]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>1363337</id>
      <parentid>1363336</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T06:10:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bishaldev100</username>
        <id>28807</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* कोपा अमेरिका */</comment>
      <origin>1363337</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8954" sha1="73dceyeblq6w6qnkmczb5fof3gt2p10" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox national football team
| Name                = उरुग्वे
| Nickname            = ''La Celeste'' (The Sky Blues) &lt;br /&gt;“Los Charrúas”
| Badge               = Uruguay national football team seal.svg
| Badge_size          = 132px
| Association         = [[उरुग्वे फुटबल सङ्घ]]
| Sub-confederation   = 
| Confederation       = [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ|दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ]] (दक्षिण अमेरिका)
| Coach               = [[Fabian Coito|Fabián Coito]] (interim)
| Asst Manager        = [[Celso Otero]]
| Captain             = [[डिएगो गोडिन]]
| Most caps           = [[म्याक्सी पियरा]] (१२५)
| Top scorer          = [[लुइस स्वारेज]] (५५)
| Home Stadium        = [[Estadio Centenario]], [[मोन्टेभिडियो]]
| FIFA Trigramme      = URU
| FIFA Rank           = {{Nft rank|५|up|९|date=१६ अगस्ट २०१८}}
| FIFA max            = २
| FIFA max date       = जुलाई २०११
| FIFA min            = ५५
| FIFA min date       = डिसेम्बर १९९८
| Elo Rank            = {{Nft rank|७|up|४|date= ९ जुलाई २०१८}}
| Elo max             = १
| Elo max date        = विभिन्न मितिहरु १९२०–३१
| Elo min             = ४८
| Elo min date        = ५ सेप्टेम्बर १९७९
| Elo rating max      = २०२३
| Elo rating max date = १३ जून १९२८ 
| pattern_la1         = _uru18h
| pattern_b1          = _uru18h
| pattern_ra1         = _uru18h
| pattern_sh1         =
| pattern_so1         = _urug18h
| leftarm1            = FFFFFF
| body1               = FFFFFF
| rightarm1           = FFFFFF
| shorts1             = 000000
| socks1              = 000000
| pattern_la2         = _uru18a
| pattern_b2          = _uru18a
| pattern_ra2         = _uru18a
| pattern_sh2         =
| pattern_so2         =
| leftarm2            = FFFFFF
| body2               = FFFFFF
| rightarm2           = FFFFFF
| shorts2             = FFFFFF
| socks2              = FFFFFF
| First game = {{fb|Uruguay}} २-३ {{fb-rt|Argentina|alt}}&lt;br /&gt;([[मोंटेभिडियो]], उरुग्वे; १६ मे १९०१)
| Largest win ={{fb|Uruguay}} ९-० {{fb-rt|Bolivia}}&lt;br /&gt;([[लिमा,पेरु]]; ९ नोभेम्बर १९२७)
| Largest loss = {{fb|Uruguay}} ०-६ {{fb-rt|Argentina|alt}}&lt;br /&gt;([[मोंटेभिडियो]], उरुग्वे; २० जुलाई १९०२)
| Honours = [[File:Football European Cup.svg|30px|1964 European Nations' Cup]]
| World cup apps = १२
| World cup first = १९३०
| World cup best = बिजेता, [[१९३० फिफा विश्वकप|१९३०]] र [[१९५० फिफा विश्वकप|१९५०]]
| Regional name = [[कोपा अमेरिका]]
| Regional cup apps = ४१
| Regional cup first = [[South American Championship 1916|१९१६]]
| Regional cup best = बिजेता, [[South American Championship 1916|१९१६]], [[South American Championship 1917|१९१७]], [[South American Championship 1920|१९२०]], [[South American Championship 1923|१९२३]], [[South American Championship 1924|१९२४]], [[South American Championship 1926|१९२६]], [[South American Championship 1935|१९३५]], [[South American Championship 1942|१९४२]], [[South American Championship 1956|१९५६]], [[South American Championship 1959 (Ecuador)|१९५९]], [[South American Championship 1967|१९६७]], [[Copa América 1983|१९८३]], [[Copa América 1987|१९८७]], [[Copa América 1995|१९९५]], [[2011 Copa América|२०११]]
| Confederations cup apps = २
| Confederations cup first = [[1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|१९९७]]
| Confederations cup best = चौथौ स्थान, [[1997 FIFA Confederations Cup|१९९७]], [[२०१३ फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन कप|२०१३]]
| medaltemplates = 
{{MedalGold|[[1924 Summer Olympics|१९२४]]|[[Football at the 1924 Summer Olympics - Men's team squads#.C2.A0Uruguay|टिम]]}}
{{MedalGold|[[:en:1928 Summer Olympics|१९२८]]|[[:en:Football at the 1928 Summer Olympics - Men's team squads#.C2.A0Uruguay|टिम]]}}
}}
'''उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम''' अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल प्रतियोगितामा [[उरुग्वे]]को प्रतिनिधित्व गर्दछ र उरुग्वे फुटबल सङ्घरा नियन्त्रित गर्ने गरिन्छ । टिम सामान्यतः '''लोस खर्रुअस्''' या '''ला सेलेस्ते''' को रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ । उरुग्वेले कोपा अमेरिका प्रतियोगिता १५ पटक जितेको छ ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|title=Luis Suárez and Diego Forlán shoot Uruguay to record 15th Copa América|date=24 July 2011|work=Guardian|accessdate=25 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस टिमले २ पटक  [[फिफा विश्वकप]] जितेको छ जसमा उद्घाटन फिफा विश्वकप [[१९३० फिफा विश्वकप|१९३०]] र &lt;ref name=&quot;es.fifa.com&quot;&gt;http://es.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02s_fwc-origin_8819.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111130914/http://es.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/mcwc/ip-201_02s_fwc-origin_8819.pdf |date=2012-11-11 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[१९५० फिफा विश्वकप|१९५०]] सामेल रहेको छ ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Football, football, football|work=UruguayNow|url=http://www.uruguaynow.com/uruguayan_football.php|accessdate=13 May 2010}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100211135046/http://www.uruguaynow.com/uruguayan_football.php |date=11 February 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; यो टिमले २ पटक ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक खेलको फुटबल विधामा स्वर्ण पदक जितेको छ जसमा [[१९२४ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक|१९२४]] और [[१९२८ ग्रीष्मकालीन ओलम्पिक|१९२८]] रहेको छ ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Football's debt to Uruguay|work=BBC Sport| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/worldcup2002/hi/team_pages/uruguay/newsid_1907000/1907148.stm|accessdate=27 April 2011|date=8 April 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; उरुग्वे एउटा सानो राष्ट्र जसको जनसङ्ख्या (३२.५ लाख सन् २०११ मा) भएता पनि यिनिहरूको सफलता यस तथ्यले प्रतिबिम्बित भइरहेको छ। सन् १९३० मा आफ्नो पहिलो विश्वकप जित्दा समय उरुग्वेको जनसङ्ख्या मात्रै १२.५ लाख रहेको थियो ।

==सम्मान==
===फिफा विश्वकप===
*'''विजेता (२) [[Image:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]]:''' [[१९३० फिफा विश्वकप|१९३०]], [[१९५० फिफा विश्वकप|१९५०]]
===कोपा अमेरिका===
*'''विजेता (१५) [[Image:Gold medal icon.svg|14px]]:''' १९१६, १९१७, १९२०, १९२३, १९२४, १९२६, १९३५, १९४२, १९५६, १९५९, १९६७, १९८३, १९८७, १९९५, [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका|२०११]]
== सन्दर्भ सामग्री ==
{{reflist}}
==बाह्य कडीहरु==
{{commons category|उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम}}
*[http://www.auf.org.uy/Portal/SELECTIONS_MENS/1/ आधिकारिक वेबसाइट]
*[https://www.fifa.com/associations/association=uru/ फिफा प्रोफाइल]
{{कमन्सश्रेणी|Uruguay national association football team}}

[[श्रेणी:दक्षिण अमेरिकी राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोलीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप विजेता देशहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>73dceyeblq6w6qnkmczb5fof3gt2p10</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>लुइस स्वारेज</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>66387</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363334</id>
      <parentid>1262658</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T06:07:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bishaldev100</username>
        <id>28807</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* सन् २०११ कोपा अमेरिका */</comment>
      <origin>1363334</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="69614" sha1="30opung6tbepfyx5egf0hnik9dd5p6g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox football biography
|name           = लुई स्वारेज
|image          = Luis Suárez 2018.jpg
|image_size     = 
|caption        = [[२०१८ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा स्वारेज
|fullname       = लुई आलबेर्तो स्वारेज दियास
|birth_date     = {{birth date and age|1987|1|24|df=y}}
|birth_place    = साल्तो, [[उरुग्वे]]
|height         = {{convert|१.८१|m|abbr=on}}
|position       = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]]
|currentclub    = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना]]
|clubnumber     = ९
|youthyears1    = सन् २००३-२००५
|youthclubs1    = [[क्लुब नास्योनाल दे फुतबोल|नास्योनाल]]
|years1         = सन् २००५-२००६
|clubs1         = [[क्लुब नास्योनाल डे फुतबोल|नास्योनाल]]
|caps1          = २७
|goals1         = १०
|years2         = सन् २००६-२००७
|clubs2         = [[एफसि ख्रोनिङेन|ख्रोनिङेन]]
|caps2          = २९
|goals2         = १०
|years3         = सन् २००७-२०११
|clubs3         =  [[एएफसी आयाक्स]]
|caps3          = ११०
|goals3         = ८१
|years4         = सन् २०११-२०१४
|clubs4         = [[लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लब|लिभरपुल]]
|caps4          = ११०
|goals4         = ६९
|years5         = सन् २०१४–२०२०
|clubs5         = [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना]]
|years6         = २०२०-
|clubs6         = [[एट्लेटिको म्याड्रिड|एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड]]
|caps5          = १६३
|goals5         = १३१
|nationalyears1 = सन् २००६-२००७
|nationalteam1  = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२० वर्ष मुनी)|२० वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]
|nationalcaps1  = ४
|nationalgoals1 = २
|nationalyears2 = सन् २०१२-
|nationalteam2  = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली (२३ वर्ष मुनी)|२३ वर्ष मुनिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]
|nationalcaps2  = ४
|nationalgoals2 = ३
|nationalyears3 = सन् २००७-
|nationalteam3  = [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]]
|nationalcaps3  = १०६
|nationalgoals3 = ५५
|pcupdate       = २० मे २०१८
|ntupdate       = ६ जुलाई २०१९
}}

'''लुइ आलबेर्तो स्वारेज दियास''' (जन्म २४ जनवरी १९८७) उरुग्वेली [[भकुन्डो|फुटबल]] खेलाडी हुन्। उनी [[मेजर लिग सकर]]को क्लब इन्टर मियामी  र उरुग्वेको [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|राष्ट्रिय टोली]]मा [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपङ्क्ति]]को रूपमा खेल्ने गर्दछन्।

स्वारेजलाई उनको पुस्ताको एक महान खेलाडी र फुटबल इतिहासको महान अग्रपङ्क्ति खेलाडी मध्ये एक मानिन्छ। {{refn|group=note|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2013/dec/100-greatest-footballers-2013 |title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2013 – interactive |work=The Guardian |date=20 December 2013 |access-date=1 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The New York Times&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/sports/worldcup/apparent-bite-by-luis-suarez-mars-uruguays-victory-over-italy.html|title=Uruguay's Suárez, Known for Biting, Leaves Mark on World Cup|work=The New York Times|date=25 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SkySports&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www1.skysports.com/FIFA-World-Cup-2014/news/15241/9355292/uruguay-v-england-luis-suarez-proved-he-is-best-in-the-world-says-peter-taylor|title=Uruguay v England: Luis Suarez proved he is best in the world, says Peter Taylor|publisher=SkySports}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Eurosport&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last1=Quarrell|first1=Dan|title=Why Luis Suarez is better than Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo – Cristian Rodriguez|url=http://au.eurosport.com/football/liga/2015-2016/why-luis-suarez-is-better-than-lionel-messi-and-cristiano-ronaldo-cristian-rodriguez_sto4920265/story.shtml|publisher=Eurosport|access-date=22 September 2015|date=21 September 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/ng-interactive/2016/dec/20/the-100-best-footballers-in-the-world-2016-interactive|title=The 100 best footballers in the world 2016 – interactive|date=20 December 2016|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hitc&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.hitc.com/en-gb/2014/07/20/arsenal-legend-thierry-henry-luis-suarez-is-the-best-striker-in/|title=Thierry Henry considers Suarez the best striker in the world|work=Hitc|date=19 July 2014 |access-date=19 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Marca&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.marca.com/en/football/barcelona/2020/09/24/5f693f8b46163fa7ad8b45f0.html/|title=Luis Suarez: The best striker in Barcelona's history|work=Marca|date=24 September 2020|access-date=24 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Standard&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/sport/other-sports/fc-barcelona-luis-suarez-uruguay-best-ever-player-a4420491.html|title=Barcelona striker Luis Suarez is Uruguay's 'best ever player'|work=Standard|date=21 April 2020|access-date=15 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} स्वारेजले आफ्नो व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल जीवनमा क्लब स्तरको ७ लिग, १ [[युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]] र उरुग्वेको तर्फबाट [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]] सहित १९ वटा मुख्य उपाधिहरू जितेका छन्। सदावहार गोलकर्ता स्वारेजले दुई युरोपेली सुनौलो जुत्ता, एरिडिभिसी सुनौलो जुत्ता, एक प्रिमियर लिग सुनौलो जुत्ता र पिचिची उपाधि जितेका छन्। उनले क्लब र देशको लागि ५०० भन्दा धेरै गोल गरिसकेका छन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;300 goals&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Outrageous assist tees up Suarez's 300th|url=http://www.foxsports.com.au/football/la-liga-wrap-luis-suarez-cashes-in-on-sublime-sergi-roberto-assist-but-real-madrid-remain-top/story-e6frf423-1227589878700|agency=Fox Sports|date=1 November 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Chris|last=Shaw|url=http://www.liverpoolfc.com/news/announcements/285271-luis-suarez-celebrates-400-goal-landmark|title=Luis Suarez celebrates 400-goal landmark|date=24 December 2017|work=Liverpool FC|access-date=24 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

स्वारेज आफ्नो फुटबल खेल जीवन भरी विवादले घेरिएका छन्। {{refn|&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/apr/21/luis-suarez-biting-controversy-timeline |title=Luis Suárez: 10 previous controversies involving the Liverpool striker |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.itv.com/worldcup/luis-suarez-a-history-of-controversy |title=Luis Suarez: a history of controversy |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |publisher=ITV (TV network) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709015023/http://www.itv.com/worldcup/luis-suarez-a-history-of-controversy |archive-date=9 July 2014 |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/players/luis-suarez/10923947/Luis-Suarez-bites-Giorgio-Chiellini-Uruguay-strikers-career-flashpoints.html |title=Luis Suarez bites Giorgio Chiellini: Uruguay striker's career flashpoints |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=note}} उनले तीन पटक आफ्नो विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई टोकेका थिए भने सन् २०१० को विश्वकपमा उनले गोल लाइनमा हातले बल रोकेका थिए। {{refn|&lt;ref name=&quot;Cannibal of Ajax&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/nov/22/luis-suarez-biting-otman-bakkal |title=Luis Suárez: 'The Cannibal of Ajax'? |work=The Guardian |agency=Associated Press |date=22 November 2010 |access-date=23 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BranBite&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Fifield |first=Dominic |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2013/apr/21/luis-suarez-bite |title=Luis Suárez's bite has proven again he is a liability, even at his peak |work=The Guardian |date=21 April 2013 |access-date=21 April 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Menezes&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=De Menezes |first=Jack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-bite-uruguay-striker-accused-of-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-latest-controversy-during-world-cup-clash-9560650.html |title=Luis Suarez bite: Uruguay striker accused of biting Giorgio Chiellini in latest controversy during World Cup clash |work=The Independent |date=24 June 2014 |access-date=24 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Borden |first=Sam |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/25/sports/worldcup/apparent-bite-by-luis-suarez-mars-uruguays-victory-over-italy.html |title=Uruguay's Suárez, Known for Biting, Leaves Mark on World Cup |date=25 June 2014 |access-date=25 June 2014 |work=New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;|group=note}} 
स्वारेजलाई मैदानमा लडेको नाटक गर्ने आरोप लाग्ने गरेको छ र यो कुरा उनले स्वीकार गरेका छन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;doeshedive&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;admitdiving&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21064709|title=Luis Suarez diving: Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers reveals anger|access-date=19 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०११ मा फुटबल सङ्गठनले उनलाई पेत्रिस इभ्रालाई जातीय दुर्ववहार गरेकोमा दोषी पाइएको थियो भने यो निर्णयमा स्वारेजले विवाद गरेका थिए।

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
==क्लब खेल जीवन==
[[File:Luis Suarez FCB 2014.jpg|100px|thumb|बार्सिलोनाबाट फुटबल खेल्दै स्वारेज|center]]

स्वारेज हाल विश्व चर्चित फुटबल क्लब एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिडबाट व्यावसायिक फुटबल खेल्ने गर्दछन्। यस अघि उनी बार्सिलोनाका एक महत्त्वपूर्ण अग्रपङ्क्ति खेलाडी थिए।

==बार्सिलोना==
===हस्ताक्षर र निलम्बन ===

[[चित्र:Luis Suarez FCB 2014.jpg|thumb|200px|स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनाको लागि पहिलो खेलमा क्लब लियोन विरुद्ध सन् २०१४ अगस्टमा खेल खेलेका थिए।]]

सन् २०१४ जुलाई ११ का दिन स्वारेजले गोप्य स्थानान्तरण मूल्यमा बार्सिलोनासँग पाँच वर्षे सम्झौता पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेका थिए। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite press release|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-and-liverpool-fc-have-reached-an-agreement-for-the-transfer-of-luis-suarez|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712034551/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/fc-barcelona-and-liverpool-fc-have-reached-an-agreement-for-the-transfer-of-luis-suarez|title=FC Barcelona and Liverpool FC have reached an agreement for the transfer of Luis Suárez|date=11 July 2014|access-date=15 July 2017|archive-date=12 July 2014|publisher=F.C. Barcelona}}&lt;/ref&gt; यद्यपि फुटबल लिकद्वारा सार्वजनिक गरिएको कागजात अनुसार मुल्य   £६४.९८&amp;nbsp;मिलियन (€८२.३&amp;nbsp;मिलियन) थियो। यसबाट उनी विश्व फुटबल इतिहासमा  [[सबैभन्दा महँगो फुटबल स्थानान्तरणहरूको सूची|सबैभन्दा मूल्यवान खेलाडी]] मध्ये एक बनेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Revealed: How much Luis Suarez really cost Barcelona&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=Revealed: How much Luis Suarez really cost Barcelona|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/football/2016/03/28/revealed-how-much-luis-suarez-really-cost-barcelona/|date=28 March 2016|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=24 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/football/news/luis-suarezs-barcelona-transfer-fee-7641002 |title=Luis Suarez's Barcelona transfer fee &quot;revealed as £65m&quot; – £10m LESS than his Liverpool release clause|date=28 March 2016|work=Mirror|access-date=29 August 2016|author=Whaling, James}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''बार्सा''ले सन् २०१४-१५ संस्करणमा स्वारेजले ९ नम्बरको खेल पोशाक लगाउने कुरा पक्का गरेको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/luis-suarez-el-9-del-barca|title=Luis Suárez, FC Barcelona's number 9|date=11 July 2014|publisher=FC Barcelona|access-date=12 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140712034428/http://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/detail/article/luis-suarez-el-9-del-barca|archive-date=12 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा इटालीका खेलाडी [[जर्जो किएलिनी]]लाई टोकेकोमा उनलाई दोषी पाएकाले स्वारेजले उक्त संस्करणको पहिलो भाग छुटाएका थिए।
&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFABan&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y=2014/m=6/news=luis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |title=Luis Suárez suspended for nine matches and banned for four months from any football-related activity |publisher=FIFA |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=30 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140703172739/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/news/y%3D2014/m%3D6/news%3Dluis-suarez-suspended-for-nine-matches-and-banned-for-four-months-from-2386354.html |archive-date= 3 July 2014 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ban2014&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=De Menezes |first=Jack |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football/worldcup/luis-suarez-banned-fifa-hand-striker-record-ninegame-ban-and-a-four-month-football-ban-for-biting-giorgio-chiellini-in-biggest-ever-world-cup-suspension-9565686.html |title=Luis Suarez banned: Fifa hand striker record nine-game ban AND a four month football ban for biting Giorgio Chiellini in biggest ever World Cup suspension |date=26 June 2014 |access-date=26 June 2014 |work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको निलम्बनको हिस्साको रूपमा उनलाई बार्सिलोनामा प्रशिक्षण सहित (२६ अक्टोबर सम्म) सबै प्रकारको &quot;फुटबल सम्बन्धी गतिविधि&quot; बाट प्रतिबन्ध गरिएको थियो। उनलाई सो अवधिमा दर्शकको रूपमा रङ्गशालामा प्रवेश गर्न पनि प्रतिबन्ध लगाइएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFABan&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ban2014&quot;/&gt;

२४ जुलाईमा स्वारेज र उनका वकिलले खेलकुदको मध्यस्तकर्ता न्यायलयमा अपिल दायर गरेपछि उनको प्रतिबन्ध छोट्ट्याउन वा निलम्बन हटाउन आग्रह गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;cas&quot;&gt;{{cite news |publisher=Court of Arbitration for Sport |title=FOOTBALL – Decision in the Luis Suarez case |url=http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520(English)201420082014.pdf |access-date=14 August 2014 |date=14 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |date=21 August 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ८ अगस्ट मा स्विट्जरल्यान्डको लाउसानेमा उनको पक्षको सुनुवाई भएको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;cas2&quot;&gt;{{cite news |publisher=Court of Arbitration for Sport |title=CAS hears the appeal of Luis Suarez |url=http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520(English)201420082014.pdf |access-date=8 August 2014 |date=8 August 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |archive-date=21 August 2014 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821081809/http://www.tas-cas.org/d2wfiles/document/4201/5048/0/Media20Release20366520%28English%29201420082014.pdf |date=21 August 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ६ दिन पछि खेलकुद न्यायलयले फिफाद्वारा स्वारेज माथि गरिएको ४ महिना खेलबाट निलम्बन र ९ अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेलको प्रतिबन्धलाई अनुमोदन गरेको थियो। यद्यपि खेलकुद न्यायलयले खेलाडीको &quot;फुटबल सम्बन्धी गतिबिधी&quot;को प्रतिबन्ध हटाएपछि उनलाई बार्सिलोनामा प्रशिक्षण गर्न अनुमति दिएको थियो। यो प्रतिबन्धको कारण स्वारेज [[२०१५ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा सहभागी हुन प्रतिबन्धित भएका थिए। 

खेलकुद मध्यस्थता न्यायलयले स्वारेजलाई मैत्रीपूर्ण खेलमा सहभागी हुन अनुमति दिएपछि उनले १८ अगस्टमा [[क्याम्प नउ|क्याम्प नाउ]]मा क्लब लियोन विरुद्ध बार्सिलोनाको लागि पहिलो खेल खेलेका थिए। उनी राफिन्याको स्थानमा प्रवेश गर्दै अन्तिम १४ मिनेट खेलेका थिए। स्वारेज मैदान प्रवेश गर्दा सहकर्मी खेलाडी [[लियोनेल मेसी]] र [[नेयमार]]लाई प्रतिस्थापन गरिइसकेको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Lowe|first1=Sid|title=Luis Suárez finally makes Barcelona bow as substitute against León|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/aug/18/luis-suarez-barcelona-debut|access-date=23 August 2014|work=The Guardian|date=18 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;
====सन् २०१४-१५: एमएसएन त्रीमुर्ती र ट्रिबल विजेता ====
स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनाको प्रतिस्पर्धा खेलमा अक्टोबरमा २५ का दिन लियोनेल मेसी र नेयमार सँगै [[एल क्लासिको]]मा [[रियल म्याड्रिड]] विरुद्ध प्रवेश गरेका थिए। &lt;ref name=&quot;Clasico&quot;/&gt; उनले खेलको चौँथो मिनेटमा सुरुवाती गोलको लागि उनले नेयमारलाई सहायता प्रदान गरेका थिए। दोस्रो हाफमा स्वारेजलाई प्रतिस्थापन गरिएपछि बार्सिलोना त्यस खेलमा ३-१ ले पराजित भएको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;Clasico&quot;&gt;{{cite news|last1=Sanghera|first1=Mandeep|title=Real Madrid 3–1 Barcelona|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/29541443|access-date=25 October 2014|work=BBC Sport|date=25 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; क्लबको लागि उनले पहिलो गोल २६ नोभेम्बरमा अपोएल एफसी विरुद्ध च्याम्पियन्स लिगको समूह चरणको खेलमा गरेका थिए। त्यो खेल बार्सिलोनाले ४-० ले जितेको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last1=Papantonopoulou|first1=Vassiliki|title=Record-breaker Messi leads Barça stroll at APOEL|url=http://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/season=2015/matches/round=2000548/match=2014381/postmatch/report/index.html#messi+shoots+down+apoel|access-date=26 November 2014|publisher=UEFA|date=25 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; २० डिसेम्बरमा उनको ला लिगाको आठौँ खेलमा उनले क्लबको लागि पहिलो लिग गोल गरेका थिए। कोर्दोवा विरुद्धको खेलमा बार्सिलोना ५-० ले विजयी भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Barcelona 5–0 Córdoba|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/30483708|access-date=21 December 2014|work=BBC Sport|date=20 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[चित्र:Barcelona fans - Champions league 2015 Berlin.JPG|thumb|left|बर्लिनमा हुने सन् २०१५ युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिगको अगाडि आक्रमक त्रिमुर्ती मेसी, स्वारेज र नेयमारको तस्वीर प्रदर्शन गर्दै बार्सिलोना समर्थकहरू]]

स्वारेजले बार्सिलोनामा पहिलो संस्करणको सबै खाले प्रतियोगितामा २५ गोल र गोल गर्नका लागि २० सहयोग गरि अन्त्य गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Luis Suárez&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.goal.com/en-us/people/uruguay/16639/luis-su%C3%A1rez|title=Luis Suárez|access-date=7 June 2015|work=Goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; बार्सिलोनाले ला लिगा कोपा देल रे र च्याम्पियन्स लिग ट्रिबल जितेको यो दोस्रोपटक थियो। बार्सिलोनाको आक्रमक त्रिमुर्ती मेसी, स्वारेज र नेयमार छोटकरीमा &quot;एमएसएन&quot; ले १२२ गोल गरि स्पेनीी फुटबल इतिहासकै आक्रमक त्रिमुर्तीले एकै संस्करणमा गरेको सर्वाधिक गोलको कीर्तिमान बनाएको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;MSN record&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2015/jun/06/barcelona-luis-suarez-lionel-messi-juventus-champions-league-final|title=Barcelona's Luis Suárez, Leo Messi and Neymar too good for Juventus|date=6 June 2015|work=The Guardian}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड ===

=== इन्टर मियामी ===

== अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय खेल जीवन ==

स्वरेजलाई सन् २००७ को २० वर्ष मुनिको फिफा विश्व कपको छनोट चरण खेल्नको लागि बोलाइएको थियो तर उनको क्लबले उनलाई खेल्न पठाएको थिएन। तैपनी उनले यो प्रतियोगिताको चार खेलमा दुई गोल गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA stats&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldfootball/statisticsandrecords/players/player=270775/index.html|title=Luis SUAREZ|work=FIFA.com|access-date=21 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनले स्पेन विरुद्ध बराबरी गोल गरेका थिए&lt;ref name=&quot;Bell&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://goal.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/07/09/u-20s-usa-vs-uruguay-the-preview/|title=U-20s: USA vs. Uruguay – the Preview|last=Bell|first=Jack|date=9 July 2007|work=NYTimes.com|access-date=27 August 2011|publisher=The New York Times Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; र अमेरिका विरुद्ध एक गोल गरेतापनि अमेरिका २-१ गोलले विजयी भएको थियो र उरुग्वे प्रतियोगिताबाट बाहिएको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20worldcup/canada2007/results/match=58881/report.html|title=Match 38 – USA – Uruguay|date=11 July 2007|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727235251/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/u20worldcup/canada2007/results/match%3D58881/report.html|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=27 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

स्वारेजले वरिष्ठ टोलीमा सन् २२०७ फेब्रुअरी ८ का दिन प्रवेश गरेका थिए। कोलम्बिया विरुद्धको खेलमा उरुग्वे ३-१ ले विजयी भएको थियो। खेलको ८५औँ मिनेटमा दोस्रोपटक पहेँलो कार्ड पाएर उनले मैदान छाडेका थिए। स्वारेजले सन् २०१० को विश्व कप छनोटको २० मध्ये १९ खेल र इन्टर कन्फिडिरेसन प्ले अफको खेलमा पाँच गोल गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA stats&quot; /&gt;
[[चित्र:Suárez_Forlan_(cropped).jpg|thumb|स्वारेज र [[डिएगो फोर्लान]]]]

=== सन् २०१० फिफा विश्वकप ===
सन् २०१० जुनमा उरुग्वेका प्रशिक्षक ओस्कार तेबारेजले उरुग्वेको विश्वकप टोलीमा स्वारेजको नाम छनोट गरेका थिए। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid=1222732/|title=Tabarez trims Uruguay team to 23|date=1 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|access-date=21 August 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140316003930/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/news/newsid%3D1222732/|archive-date=16 March 2014|agency=Press Association|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; उरुग्वेले फ्रान्स विरुद्ध ०-० खेल्दै प्रतियोगिता सुरु गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061453/index.html|title=Uruguay draw a blank|date=11 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110813203358/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061453/index.html|archive-date=13 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; दोस्रो खेलमा दक्षिण अफ्रिका विरुद्ध ३-० को जितमा स्वारेजले पेनाल्टी मार्फत एक गोल र [[एल्भारो पेरेरा]]लाई थप समयमा एक गोलको सहायता गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061452/summary.html|title=Forlan silences South Africa|date=16 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727000851/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061452/summary.html|archive-date=27 July 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; समूह चरणको अन्तिमा खेलमा मेक्सिको विरुद्धको १-० जितमा [[एडिनसन काभानी]]को पासमा हेड गर्दै गोल गरेका स्वारेज खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Uru-Mex&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249722/match=300061450/summary.html|title=Uruguay edge Mexico, both advance|date=22 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808144502/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249722/match%3D300061450/summary.html|archive-date=8 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_33/default.stm|title=Mexico 0–1 Uruguay|last=Hassan|first=Nabil|date=22 June 2010|access-date=28 June 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt; उरुग्वे समूह क को विजेता बनी नक आउट चरणमा पुगेको थियो &lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Uru-Mex&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hassan&quot; /&gt; 

अन्तिम १६ मा [[दक्षिण कोरिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|दक्षिण कोरिया]] विरुद्धको खेलमा २-१ को जितमा स्वारेजले दुवै गोल गरेका थिए। बराबरीमा चलिरहेको खेलको उनले ८०औँ मिनेटमा रक्षापङ्क्तिका खेलाडीहरूलाई छलाएर गोल गर्दै टोलीलाई अग्रता दिलाएका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Uru-Kor&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249717/match=300061504/summary.html|title=Suarez double downs South Koreans|date=26 June 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110830110424/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249717/match%3D300061504/summary.html|archive-date=30 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; स्वारेज यस खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी बनेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Uru-Kor&quot; /&gt; यो जितले उरुग्वे १९७० पछि पहिलो पटक क्वाटर फाइनलमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/matches/match_49/default.stm|title=Uruguay 2–1 South Korea|last=Chowdhury|first=Saj|date=26 June 2010|access-date=28 June 2010|publisher=BBC Sport}}&lt;/ref&gt;  

[[घाना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|घाना]] विरुद्धको क्वाटर फाइनलको खेलमा नियमित समयको खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा टुङ्गिएको खेलमा समय थप गरिएको थियो। थप समयको उत्तरार्ध तिर घानाको [[फ्रि किक]] प्रहारलाई स्वेरजले गोल लाइनमा छेकेका थिए। &lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Uru-Gha&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249718/match=300061508/summary.html|title=Ghana pay the penalty|date=2 July 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811165311/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249718/match%3D300061508/summary.html|archive-date=11 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनले त्यस पछिको डोमिनिक अडियाहको हेडरलाई हातले छेकेर व्यवसायिक फल गरेर आफ्नो टोलीलाई जिताएका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Hand of God&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/world_cup_2010/8785140.stm|title=World Cup 2010: I have hand of God – Uruguay's Suarez|date=3 July 2010|work=BBC Sport|access-date=24 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको यो हर्कतबाट उनलाई [[रेड कार्ड]] दिइएपछि उनले मैदान छाडेका थिए। &lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Uru-Gha&quot; /&gt; खेलबाट बाहिरिएर भित्र छिर्दै गर्दा पेनाल्टी प्रहार हेर्न रोकिएका स्वारेज [[पेनाल्टी]]मा गोल नभएपछि खुसी मनाएका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcus&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/03/sports/soccer/03ghanagame.html|title=Uruguay Trades Penalty for Chance at Victory|last=Marcus|first=Jeffrey|date=2 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;reuters&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49856120100703|title=I had no choice but to handle says Uruguay's Suarez|last=MacSwan|first=Angus|date=3 July 2010|access-date=3 July 2010|publisher=Reuters}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100705005019/http://in.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-49856120100703 |date=5 July 2010 }}&lt;/ref&gt; उरुग्वेले [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुटआउट]] ४-२ गोल अन्तरले जित्न सफल हुँदै सेमिफाइनल पुगेको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;FIFA Uru-Gha&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/uruguay/7869796/World-Cup-2010-Uruguay-striker-Luis-Suarez-says-it-was-Hand-of-God-against-Ghana.html|title=World Cup 2010: Uruguay striker Luis Suarez says it was 'Hand of God' against Ghana|date=3 July 2010|work=The Telegraph|access-date=3 July 2017|author=Telegraph staff and agencies}}&lt;/ref&gt; खेल पछि स्वारेजले भनेका थिए, &quot;मैले प्रतियोगिता कै उत्कृष्ट बचाउ गरेँ।&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hand of God&quot; /&gt; उनले उनीसँग &quot;विकल्प नभएको, आफू स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्ति भन्दा बाहिर भएको र यदि यसले आफ्नो टोलीलाई जिताउँछ भने यो फेरी गर्ने&quot; बताएका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Doward&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2010/jul/04/luis-suarez-world-cup-villian-hand-of-god|title=Luis Suarez is new World Cup villain after 'hand of God' claim|last=Doward|first=Jamie|date=4 July 2010|work=guardian.co.uk|access-date=24 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; घानाको मुख्य प्रशिक्षाक मिलोभान राजेभाकले खेल &quot;अन्यायपूर्ण&quot; भएको बताउँदै&lt;ref name=&quot;Marcus&quot; /&gt; उनले स्वारेजलाई खलनायक र धोकेवाजको सङ्ज्ञा दिएका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Jim White&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/competitions/world-cup-2010/7870325/World-Cup-2010-why-cant-football-tackle-cheats.html|title=World Cup 2010: why can't football tackle cheats?|last=White|first=Jim|date=4 July 2010|work=The Telegraph|access-date=28 August 2011|publisher=Telegraph Media Group}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Doward&quot; /&gt; अन्यले उनलाई नायकको नजरले हेरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2010/07/14/a-country-full-of-gratitude-defies-freezing-weather-to-honour-uruguay-s-soccer-team|title=A country full of gratitude defies freezing weather to honour Uruguay's soccer team|date=14 July 2010|access-date=24 August 2011|agency=MercoPress}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|रातो कार्ड]] पाए पछि उनले स्वत: अर्को सेमिफाइनल खेल गुमाएका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Jim White&quot; /&gt;

घाना विरुद्धको खेलमा रातो कार्ड पाएकाले स्वारेज सेमिफाइनल खेलका लागि निशकाशित भएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/04/sports/soccer/04goal.html?scp=7&amp;sq=Suarez+world+cup&amp;st=nyt|title=Uruguay Star Won't Face Additional Sanctions for Handball|date=3 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011|agency=Associated Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[नेदरल्यान्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|नेदरल्यान्ड]] विरुद्धको सेमिफाइनलमा उनको अभाव प्रष्ट देखिन्थ्यो &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/sports/soccer/07netherlandsside.html|title=Leader and Scorer, Yet Not a Finalist|last=Hughes|first=Rob|date=6 July 2010|work=NYTimes.com|access-date=23 August 2011|publisher=The New York Times Company}}&lt;/ref&gt; भने उरुग्वे ३-२ गोल अन्तरले पराजित भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249719/match=300061512/index.html|title=Oranje edge five-goal thriller|date=6 July 2010|publisher=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829052832/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249719/match%3D300061512/index.html|archive-date=29 August 2011|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/sports/soccer/07netherlandsgame.html|title=Netherlands 3, Uruguay 2: A Flick of the Head, a Nod to the Past|last=Clarey|first=Christopher|date=6 July 2010|work=The New York Times|access-date=23 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; जर्मनी विरुद्धको तेस्रो स्थानको खेलमा स्वारेज खेलमा फर्किएका थिए। &lt;ref name=&quot;CNN 3rd place game&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/SPORT/football/07/10/world.cup.uruguay.germany/index.html|title=Khedira's late winner gives Germany third place at World Cup|date=10 July 2010|access-date=21 August 2011|publisher=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनले काभानीलाई उरुग्वेको पहिलो गोलका लागि सहायता गरेतापनि&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round=249720/match=300061510/summary.html|title=Germany pip Uruguay to third place|date=10 July 2010|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425005150/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/matches/round%3D249720/match%3D300061510/summary.html|archive-date=25 April 2012|access-date=23 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; उरुग्वे ३-२ गोल अन्तरले पराजित भएको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;CNN 3rd place game&quot;/&gt; प्रतियोगिता भरी स्वेरजले ६ खेलमा ५४३ मिनेट खेल्दै तीन गोल गरेका थिए। &lt;ref name=&quot;9 Suarez overview&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player=270775/index.html|title=9 Luis SUAREZ|work=FIFA.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110519100547/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/southafrica2010/players/player%3D270775/index.html|archive-date=19 May 2011|access-date=21 August 2011|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===सन् २०११ कोपा अमेरिका ===

[[चित्र:Luis Suarez - CA2011 mvp award (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]] फुटबलमा स्वारेज सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए]]

[[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका]]मा उरुवेको पहिलो खेलमा स्वारेजले [[पेरू राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पेरु]] विरुद्धको खेलमा १ गोल गरेर उरुग्वेलाई अग्रता दिलाएका थिए। त्यो खेल १-१ को बराबरीमा सकिएको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/05/sports/soccer/uruguay-rallies-to-tie-peru-in-copa-america.html |title= Uruguay Rallies to Tie Peru in Copa América |work=NYTimes.com|publisher= The New York Times Company|agency= Associated Press |date= 4 July 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; अर्को खेलमा उनलेे अल्भारो परेेेरालाई चिली विरुद्धको १-१ बराबरीको लागि गोल गर्न सहायता गरेका थिए&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= https://www.sbnation.com/soccer/2011/7/8/2266977/copa-america-2011-uruguay-vs-chile-final-score-alexis-sanchez-draw|title=Copa America 2011: Uruguay Vs. Chile: Uruguay And Chile Settle For 1-1 Draw
|work=SBNation|publisher=SBNation|date= 8 July 2011 |access-date=8 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; उरुग्वे समूहमा दोस्रो हुँदै नकआउट चरणमा प्रवेश गरेको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url= http://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/liverpool-fc/liverpool-fc-news/2011/07/13/liverpool-fc-striker-luis-suarez-helps-uruguay-reach-quarter-finals-of-copa-america-cup-with-1-0-win-over-mexico-100252-29044548/#ixzz1WCLYCjBE |title= Liverpool FC striker Luis Suarez helps Uruguay reach quarter-finals of Copa America Cup with 1–0 win over Mexico|publisher=Trinity Mirror |first= Paul |last=Snowdon |work= Liverpool Echo |date= 13 July 2011 |access-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; उसले [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेेकसिको]]संँग १-० को जित र पेरु र [[चिली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|चिली]]सँग बराबरीमा खेलमा टोलीको तर्फबाट खेलेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |title= Uruguay Matches |publisher= Copa América 2011 |work= CA2011.com |year= 2011 |access-date= 26 August 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121107004226/http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |archive-date= 7 November 2012 |df= dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121107004226/http://www.ca2011.com/selecoes_jogos.php?idS=c20ad4d76fe97759aa27a0c99bff6710 |date=7 November 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt; क्वाटरफाइनलमा उरुग्वेले आयोजक [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिनासँग]] नियमित समय र थप समयसम्म १-१ को बराबरी खेलेेको थियो। उरुग्वेले पेनाल्टी सुटआउट ५-४ गोल अन्तरले खेल जितेको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url= http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |title= Matches: Argentina v Uruguay |publisher= Copa América 2011 |work= CA2011.com |date= 16 July 2011 |access-date= 26 August 2011 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110826032140/http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |archive-date= 26 August 2011 |df= dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826032140/http://www.ca2011.com/jogos_tabela.php?idJ=7f1171a78ce0780a2142a6eb7bc4f3c8 |date=26 August 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Fanning|first=Evan|date=16 July 2011|title=Argentina v Uruguay – as it happened {{!}} Evan Fanning|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/16/argentina-uruguay-live-copa-america|access-date=27 May 2020|issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; स्वारेजलेे सेमिफाइनलमा पेरु विरुद्धको २-० को जितमा दुवै गोल गर्दै खेलको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडी बनेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Suarez sends Uruguay through|url=https://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1478029/index.html|date=20 July 2011|work=FIFA.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110818045844/http://www.fifa.com/confederationscup/news/newsid=1478029/index.html|archive-date=18 August 2011|access-date=26 August 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; फाइनलमा स्वारेजले सुरुवाती गोल गर्दै र [[डिएगो फोर्लान]]लाई दोस्रो गोललाई सहायता गरेका थिए। उरुग्वेले पारग्वेलाई ३-० ले हराएर किर्तिमानी १५ कोपा अमेरिका उपाधी जितेको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmerica&quot;&gt;{{cite news|date=24 July 2011|title=Luis Suárez and Diego Forlán shoot Uruguay to record 15th Copa América|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|url-status=live|access-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109223201/https://www.theguardian.com/football/2011/jul/24/uruguay-paraguay-copa-america|archive-date=9 November 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=24 July 2011|title=Diego Forlan leads Uruguay to Copa America victory|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/14270152|access-date=27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; स्वारेजले ४ गोल गर्दै &lt;!-- Shootout goals don't count for total goals --&gt; र दुई सहायता गरेका थिए। उनी प्रतियोगिताको सर्वोत्कृष्ट खेलाडी घोषित भएका थिए। &lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmerica&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Suarez voted Player of Tournament at Copa America|url=http://en.people.cn/90001/90779/90871/7450624.html|date=25 July 2011|website=en.people.cn|access-date=27 May 2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625020336/http://en.people.cn/90001/90779/90871/7450624.html |date=25 June 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
===२०१४ फिफा विश्व कप, टोकाइको तेस्रो घटना ===
[[File:FIFA World Cup 2014 - Uruguay 2 - England 1 - 140619-6454-jikatu (14282608880).jpg|thumb|left|२०१४ फिफा विश्व कपमा इंल्यान्ड विरुद्ध दुई गोल मध्ये एक गोलको खुसी मनाउँदै स्वारेज (बीचमा) ]]

स्वारेज २०१४ विश्व कपको दक्षिण अमेरिकी छनोट अभियानमा सर्वाधिक गोलकर्ता भए। उनले १४ खेलमा ११ गोल गरेका थिए। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Top scorers|work=FIFA|url=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/southamerica/statistics/topscorers.html|url-status=dead|access-date=15 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131016201108/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/preliminaries/southamerica/statistics/topscorers.html|archive-date=16 October 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; २०१३ नोबेम्बरमा एएफसी-कोन्मेबोल प्ले अफमा, उरुग्वेले जोर्डनलाई ५-० पराजित गरि [[२०१४ फिफा विश्वकप|२०१४ फिफा विश्व कप]]मा छनोट भयो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25027589|title=World Cup 2014: Uruguay clinch final spot with Jordan win|date=21 November 2013|access-date=6 December 2013|work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

मे २२ मा, स्वारेजले आफ्नो बायाँ घुँडाको शल्यक्रिया गराउनु पर्यो। केही समयको लागि उनी व्हिलचेयरमा सिमित भए। यसबाट उनी विश्वकपमा सहभागी हुन नहुने बारे अडकलबाजी सुरु भयो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=England's World Cup all but over as they lose to Uruguay|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10913384/Englands-World-Cup-all-but-over-as-they-lose-to-Uruguay.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/world-cup/10913384/Englands-World-Cup-all-but-over-as-they-lose-to-Uruguay.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=19 June 2014|date=19 June 2014}}{{cbignore}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2014/may/22/luis-suarez-world-cup-doubt-uruguay-knee-operation|title=Uruguay confident Luis Suárez will make World Cup despite knee surgery|work=The Guardian|location=United Kingdom|access-date=20 June 2014|date=22 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/310345.html|title=Missing World Cup would kill Suarez – Gerrard|publisher=ESPN|access-date=20 June 2014|date=25 May 2014}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[कोस्टारिका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|कोस्टा रिका]] विरुद्धको उरुग्वेको पहिलो खेलमा उनी सब्स्टिच्युट थिए, तर खेल खेलेनन्। त्यो खेलमा उरुग्वे ३-१ ले पराजित भयो। स्वारेजले इंल्यान्ड विरुद्धको उरुग्वेको दोस्रो खेलबाट सुरुवात गरे। साउ पाउलोको एरिना कोरिन्थियन्स मैदानमा भएको खेलमा २-१ को जितमा स्वारेजले दुवै गोल गरे। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Phil|first=McNulty|date=19 June 2014|title=World Cup 2014: Uruguay 2–1 England|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/25285176|access-date=15 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote=&quot;These are just things that happen out on the pitch. It was just the two of us inside the area and he bumped into me with his shoulder and that's how my eye got like this as well. There are things that happen on the pitch and you should not make such a big deal out of them.&quot;|source=— Suárez's post-match interview against Italy, 24 June 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Suarez claims 'these things happen' in biting row|url=http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/318665.html|publisher=[[ESPN]]|access-date=27 June 2014}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625062825/http://www.espn.co.uk/football/sport/story/318665.html |date=25 June 2014 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

{{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote=&quot;... I lost my balance ... falling on top of my opponent ... I hit my face against [Chiellini], leaving a small bruise on my cheek and a strong pain in my teeth.&quot;|source=— Suárez's defence to the FIFA Disciplinary Committee, 25 June.&lt;ref name=&quot;lostbalance&quot;/&gt;}}

{{Quote box|width=27%|align=right|quote=&quot;... the truth is that my colleague Giorgio Chiellini suffered the physical result of a bite in the collision he suffered with me ... I apologize to Giorgio Chiellini and the entire football family. I vow to the public that there will never again be another incident like [this].&quot;|source=— Suárez on 30 June 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;Suarez apology Twitter&quot;/&gt;}}

== अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय गोल ==

{{updated|८ जुन २०२१ |&lt;ref name=&quot;NFT&quot;&gt;{{NFT player|id=20658|name=लुई स्वारेज|accessdate=5 April 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+ राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा वर्ष अनुसार खेल र गोल 
|-
!राष्ट्रिय टोली!!वर्ष!!खेल!!गोल
|-
|rowspan=14|[[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उरुग्वे]]
|सन् २००७||६||२
|-
|सन् २००८||१०||४
|-
|सन् २००९||१२||३
|-
|सन् २०१०||११||७
|-
|सन् २०११||१३||१०
|-
|सन् २०१२||८||४
|-
|सन् २०१३||१६||९
|-
|सन् २०१४||६||५
|-
|सन् २०१६||८||३
|-
|सन् २०१७||५||२
|-
|सन् २०१८||११||६
|-
|सन् २०१९||७||४
|-
|सन् २०२०||३||४
|-
|सन् २०२१||२||०
|-
!colspan=2|कुल!!११८!!६३
|}

==जितेका उपाधिहरू==
== सम्मान तथा पुरस्कारहरू ==

'''लिभरपुल '''
* फुटबल लिग कप: सन् २०११-१२

'''बार्सिलोना'''
*[[ला लिगा]]: सन् २०१४-१५, सन् २०१५-१६, सन् २०१७-१८, सन् २०१८-१९  
*[[कोपा डेल रे]]: सन् २०१४-१५, सन् २०१५-१६, सन् २०१६-१७, सन् २०१७-१८,
*सुपर कोपा दे स्पाना: सन् २०१६, सन् २०१८
*[[युइएफए च्याम्पियन्स लिग|युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]: सन् २०१४-१५ 
*[[युएफा सुपर कप]]: सन् २०१५
*[[फिफा क्लब विश्व कप]]: सन् २०१५

'''एथ्लेटिको म्याड्रिड'''
*[[ला लिगा]]: सन् २०२०-२१

'''उरुग्वे'''
*[[कोपा अमेरिका]]: [[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका|सन् २०११]]

== विवादहरू ==

स्वारेजलाई व्यापक रूपमा लडेको नाटक गर्ने आरोप लाग्ने गरेको छ। {{refn|group=note|&lt;ref name=&quot;doeshedive&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=World Cup: England striker Daniel Sturridge insists he won't cheat to win|url=http://www1.skysports.com/FIFA-World-Cup-2014/news/12016/9351408/world-cup-england-striker-daniel-sturridge-insists-he-wont-cheat-to-win|publisher=Sky Sports|access-date=25 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Hunter|first=Andy|title=Liverpool's Luis Suárez has a history of diving, says David Moyes |url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2012/oct/26/everton-david-moyes-liverpool-luis-suarez|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 January 2013|date=26 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez 'diving' debate continues|url=http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1185009/liverpool's-brendan-rodgers-defends-luis-suarez's-'diving'?|work=ESPN FC|access-date=19 January 2013}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011070830/http://soccernet.espn.go.com/news/story/_/id/1185009/liverpool%27s-brendan-rodgers-defends-luis-suarez%27s-%27diving%27 |date=11 October 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Chelsea boss Jose Mourinho accuses Luis Suarez of diving|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/25545739|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=25 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} उनको प्रशिक्षक, सहकर्मीहरू र धेरै विश्लेषकहरूले लडेको नाटक गर्ने उनको क्रियाकलापले गर्दा [[रेफ्री]]हरूले उनले पाउने पर्ने [[पेनाल्टी कार्ड|पेनाल्टी]] समेत दिँदैनन् भनेर टिप्पणी गरेका थिए। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Percy|first=John|title=Luis Suárez is the victim of a referee witch-hunt over unfair reputation for diving, say Liverpool team-mates |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9563720/Luis-Suarez-is-the-victim-of-a-referee-witch-hunt-over-unfair-reputation-for-diving-say-Liverpool-team-mates.html|work=The Daily Telegraph|access-date=19 January 2013|date=24 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=Lacey|first=David|title=A reputation for diving is hard for referees to forget in a hurry|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/blog/2012/oct/05/luis-suarez-dives-referees|work=The Guardian|access-date=19 January 2013|date=5 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१३ को जनवरीमा स्वारेजले स्टोक सिटी विरुद्धको सन् २०१२ अक्टोबरको खेलमा लडेको नाटक गरेको स्वीकर गरेका थिए। त्यसपछि उनका व्यवस्थापक ब्रेन्डन रोड्जर्सले उनको काम &quot;अस्वीकार्य&quot; भएको टिप्पणी गरेका थिए र उनी आन्तरिक रूपमा क्लबमा कुरा गर्ने बताएका थिए &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez diving: Liverpool boss Brendan Rodgers reveals anger|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/21064709|date=17 January 2013|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=19 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१८ को विश्वकपमा [[पोर्चुगल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|पोर्चुगल]] विरुद्धको खेलमा पोर्चुगेली खेलाडीसँग ठोकिएपछि दुई पटक टाउकोमा चोट लागेको जस्तो नाटक उनले गरेतापनि स्वारेजको टाउको छोइएको थिएन। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Luis Suarez back to his tenacious best as Uruguay beat Portugal |url=http://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/11422374/luis-suarez-back-to-his-tenacious-best-as-uruguay-beat-portugal |publisher=ESPN |access-date=1 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

स्वारेजले अनेक पटक विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई टोकेकोमा बद्नाम भएका छन्। सन् २०१४ को विश्वकपको 'समूह घ' खेलमा स्वारेजले [[इटाली राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|इटाली]]का मध्यपङ्क्ति खेलाडी [[जर्जो किएलिनी]]लाई टोकेका थिए। परिणामस्वरूप [[फिफा]]ले उनलाई ४ महिना सबै प्रकारको फुटबल गतिविधिबाट निश्काशन गरेको थियो। [[लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लब|लिभरपुल]]बाट खेल्दा प्रिमियर लिगको खेलमा स्वारेजले चेल्सीका खेलाडी ब्रानिस्लाभ इभानोभिकलाई टोकेका थिए र सजायस्वरुप उनलाई १० खेलमा प्रतिबन्ध गरिएको थियो। यो भन्दा अघिल्लो घटनामा एएफसी आयाक्सबाट खेल्दा उनले ओट्मान बक्कललाई टोकेकोले उनलाई सात खेलमा निष्कासन गरिएको थियो। स्वारेजलाई प्रिमियर लिग र युएफा युरोपा लिगको खेलमा विपक्षी खेलाडीलाई खुट्टाले हान्नेेेको आरोप पनि लाग्ने गरेको छ। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Luis Suarez accused of stamping by Wigan boss Roberto Martinez|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/20381086|last=Smith|first=Ben|date=17 November 2012|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=27 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Everton v Liverpool: Luis Suárez is Anfield's inspiration but a pantomime villain to away fans|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/football/teams/liverpool/9639691/Everton-v-Liverpool-Luis-Suarez-is-Anfields-inspiration-but-a-pantomime-villain-to-away-fans.html|publisher=The Telegraph|access-date=27 June 2014|first=Jim |last=White}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Uefa says no investigation over Luis Suárez 'stamp' against Zenit|url=https://www.theguardian.com/football/2013/feb/26/luis-suarez-liverpool-zenit-stamp|publisher=BBC Sport|access-date=27 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Luis Suarez appears to stamp on Valencia's Aymen Abdennour|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/11827/10090918/suarez-delivers-vicious-stamp|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2020-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

उनको लडेको नाटक गर्ने, स्टाम्पिङ र अन्य हास्यास्पद तथा असामान्य क्रियाकलापले गर्दा उनलाई बारम्बार आइस हक्कीको धोकेबाजको रूपमा सङ्ज्ञा दिइन्छ। &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Luis Suarez back to his tenacious best as Uruguay beat Portugal|url=https://www.skysports.com/football/news/12098/11422374/luis-suarez-back-to-his-tenacious-best-as-uruguay-beat-portugal|website=Sky Sports|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Barcelona star Luis Suarez slammed in scathing rant for Liverpool antics by Frank Leboeuf|url=https://www.express.co.uk/sport/football/1125949/Barcelona-Luis-Suarez-Liverpool-Champions-League-Frank-Leboeuf|last=Skinner|first=Adam|date=2019-05-12|website=Express.co.uk|language=en|access-date=2020-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१३ को डिसेम्बरमा स्पेनी फुटबल वेबसाइट ''एल गोल डिजिटलले विश्वको सबैभन्दा खराब खेलाडीहरूको सूचीमा उनलाई पाँचौँ स्थानमा राखेको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.smh.com.au/sport/soccer/kevin-muscat-named-footballs-dirtiest-player-20131212-2z8r4.html |title=Kevin Muscat named football's dirtiest player |first=Dominic |last=Bossi |newspaper=Sydney Morning Herald |date=12 December 2013 |access-date=31 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==टिप्पणी==
{{reflist|group=note}}

==सन्दर्भ सूची==
{{reflist}}

== बाह्य कडीहरू ==

{{कमन्सश्रेणी|Luis Suárez|लुइस स्वारेज}}

*{{Official website|http://www.luissuarez9.com/en/}}
*[https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/staff/players/2017-2018/luis-suarez लुई स्वारेज] [[एफसी बार्सिलोना]]को वेबसाइट
*[http://www.lfchistory.net/Players/Player/Profile/1224 लुई स्वारेज] लिभरपुल फुटबल क्लबको इतिहास
*[http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/luis-suarez लुई स्वारेज] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706201522/http://www.premierleague.com/en-gb/players/profile.overview.html/luis-suarez |date=2014-07-06 }} [[प्रिमियर लिग]]मा
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[[श्रेणी:उरुग्वेली फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९८७ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:ला लिगा खेलाडीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एफसी बार्सिलोनाका खेलाडीहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>30opung6tbepfyx5egf0hnik9dd5p6g</sha1>
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      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4197" sha1="bxbhj9gbdl7mc6o573dg7zrqwkcqjek" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name            = मारिया केरी
| image           = Mariah Carey WBLS 2018 Interview 2.jpg
| image_size      = 
| caption         = मारिया केरी सन् २०१८ मा
| birth_date      = {{birth date and age|1969|3|27|mf=y}}
| birth_place     = [[न्युयोर्क सहर|न्यु योर्क]], संयुक्त राज्य
| residence       = [[न्युयोर्क सहर|न्यु योर्क सहर]], [[न्युयोर्क सहर|न्यु योर्क]], संयुक्त राज्य
| occupation      = {{flatlist|
*गायिका
*गीतकार
*अभिनेत्री
*रेकर्ड निर्माता
}}
| years_active    = सन् १९८८-वर्तमान
| net_worth       = अमेरिकी $५०० मिलियन (डिसेम्बर २०१३ अनुमानित)&lt;ref name=&quot;mimisales&quot;&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/angola/10531202/Mariah-Carey-criticised-for-Angola-president-performance.html|title=Mariah Carey Criticized for Angolan President Performance|last=Thompson|first=Ben|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=April 19, 2013|accessdate=May 10, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| spouse          = {{plain list|
*{{Marriage|[[टोमी मोटोला]]|1993|1998}}
*{{Marriage|[[निक क्यानन]]|2008|2014}}
}}
| children        = २
| module          = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background      = solo_singer &lt;!-- mandatory field --&gt;
| instrument      = गायन
| genre           = {{flatlist|
*[[समकालीन आर एन्ड बि|आर एन्ड बि]]
*[[पप सङ्गीत|पप]]
*[[हिप हप संगीत|हिप हप]]
*[[आत्म संगीत|आत्म]]
}}
| label           = {{flatlist|
*[[कोलम्बिया रेकर्ड्स|कोलम्बिया]]
*[[भर्जिन रेकर्ड्स|भर्जिन]]
*[[मोनार्क इन्टरटेनमेन्ट|मोनार्क]]
*[[आइसल्यान्ड रेकर्ड्स|आइसल्यान्ड]]
*[[एपिक रेकर्ड्स|एपिक]]&lt;!--Recently signed--&gt;
}}
}}
| website         = {{URL|mariahcarey.com}}
}}

'''मारिया केरी''' (जन्म मार्च २७, १९७०) एक अमेरिकी गायिका, गीतकार, रेकर्ड निर्माता र अभिनेत्री हुन्।

==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}

==बाह्य कडीहरू==
{{Commonscat|Mariah Carey|मारिया केरी}}
*{{Official website|http://www.mariahcarey.com}}
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p62404}}
*{{IMDb name|0001014|मारिया केरी}}
*{{NYTtopic|people/c/mariah_carey/}}
*{{Guardiantopic|music/mariahcarey}}
*{{Charlie Rose view|2938}}
*{{Worldcat id|lccn-n91-112415}}


[[श्रेणी:सन् १९६९ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी आवाज अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी गायिका-गीतकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:ग्रामी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी टेलिभिजन अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:आइल्यान्ड रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी पप गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:२१औँ शताब्दीका अमेरिकी अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]


{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>bxbhj9gbdl7mc6o573dg7zrqwkcqjek</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>डिएगो फोर्लान</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>77461</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363335</id>
      <parentid>1164629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T06:08:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bishaldev100</username>
        <id>28807</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल */</comment>
      <origin>1363335</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="8743" sha1="nwdm22haj9teno0u82hd9h7h839p5ty" xml:space="preserve">{{spanish name|फोर्लान|कोराज्जो}}
{{Infobox football biography
| name           = डिएगो फोर्लान
| image          = U10 Diego Forlán 7524.jpg
| image_size     = 250px
| caption        = 
| fullname       = डिएगो फोर्लान कोराज्जो
| birth_date     = {{Birth date and age|1979|5|19|df=y}}
| placeofbirth    = [[मन्टेभिडियो]], उरूग्वे
| height         = {{height|m=1.80}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.internacional.com.br/jogadorescolorados/index.php?codigo=920 |title=Site oficial do Sport Club Internacional :: Grupo de Jogadores |publisher=Internacional.com.br }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924040006/http://www.internacional.com.br/jogadorescolorados/index.php?codigo=920 |date=2015-09-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| currentclub    = [[सेरेजो ओसाका]]
| clubnumber     = १०
| position       = [[अग्रपङ्क्ति (फुटबल)|अग्रपंक्ति (फुटबल)]]
| youthyears1    = १९९०–१९९१ |youthclubs1 = [[C.A. Peñarol|Peñarol]]
| youthyears2    = १९९१–१९९४
|youthclubs2 = [[Danubio F.C.|Danubio]]
| youthyears3    = १९९४–१९९७
|youthclubs3 = [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]]
| years1         = १९९७–२००२ |clubs1 = [[Club Atlético Independiente|Independiente]] |caps1 = ८०  |goals1 = ३७
| years2         = २००२–२००४ |clubs2 = [[Manchester United F.C.|Manchester United]]  |caps2 = ६३  |goals2 = १०
| years3         = २००४–२००७ |clubs3 = [[Villarreal CF|Villarreal]]                  |caps3 = १०६ |goals3 = ५४
| years4         = २००७–२०११ |clubs4 = [[Atlético Madrid]]                           |caps4 = १३४ |goals4 = ७४
| years5         = २०११–२०१३ |clubs5 = [[Inter Milan|Internazionale]]                |caps5 = १८  |goals5 = २
| years6         = २०१२–२०१४ |clubs6 = [[Sport Club Internacional|Internacional]]    |caps6 = ३४  |goals6 = १०
| years7         = २०१४–     |clubs7 = [[Cerezo Osaka]]                              |caps7 = ३९  |goals7 = १६
| nationalyears1 = २००२–२०१४ |nationalteam1 = [[Uruguay national football team|Uruguay]] |nationalcaps1 = ११२ |nationalgoals1 = ३६
| pcupdate       = १२ मे २०१५
}}⁯
'''डिएगो फोर्लान कोराज्जो''' (स्पेनी उच्चारण: [ˈdjeɣo forˈlan]; जन्म १९ मे १९७९) उरूग्वेली फुटबलर हुन जो जापानी क्लब [[सेरेजो ओसाका]]का लागि फरवार्डका रूपमा खेल्ने गर्दछन् । उनी पिचिचि ट्रफि र युरोपियन गोल्डेन सु का दुइ पटकका विजेता हुन भने [[२०१० फिफा विश्वकप]]मा प्रतियोगिताको उत्कृष्ट खेलाडीका रूपमा गोल्डेन बल जित्न पनि सफल भएका थिए । उनी [[उरूग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टिम]]का तबसम्म उच्च गोलकर्ता थिए जबसम्म उनका सहपाठी [[लुइस स्वारेज]]ले उनलाई उछिनेनन् । 
==प्रारम्भिक जीवन==
फोर्लान फुटबलरको परिवारमा जन्मेका थिए – उनका पिता [[पाब्लो]]ले [[साओ पाउलो]] (१९७०–१९७५) र उरूग्वेका लागि १९६६ र १९७४ फिफा विश्वकप खेलेका थिए भने मावली हजुरबुवा [[जुआन कार्लोस कोराज्जो]]ले अर्जेन्टीनी क्लब [[इन्डीपेन्डाइन्ट]]का लागि खेलेका थिए । ⁮
==क्लब फुटबल ==
फोर्लानले युवा टोलीबाट माथि उठेर इन्डीपेन्डाइन्ट क्लबमा लागि आफ्नो ४ वर्ष बिताएर आफैँलाई नियमित खेलाडीका रूपमा स्थापित गरेका थिए । उनको खेलले प्रशंशकहरू सम्मोहित हुन थालेका थिए । लगत्तै उनलाई भित्र्याउन म्यान्चेस्टर युनाइटेडले सिलसिला अघि बढायो । सोचेअनुरूप प्रभावकारी नभएपछि म्यान्चेस्टर प्रबन्धक सर एलेक्सले २००४ मा उनलाई भिल्लारियलको बाटो देखाए । उनलाई भित्राउन र निकाल्न दुवै काममा म्यान्चेस्टरले हतारो गर्यो जसको फल उसले राम्रै भोग्यो । भिल्लारियल छिरेको पहिलो सिजनमै उनले तहल्का मच्चाउँदै २५ गोल हानेका थिए। फोर्लानको यो खेलले [[एट्लेटिको म्याड्रिड]]का प्रबन्धकमा पनि राम्रो छाप छोड्यो जसको फलत उसले फोर्लानलाई नभित्राइ रहन सकेन। एट्लेटिकोमा पनि एक सिजन उनी उच्च गोलकर्ता बन्दै पिचिचिस ट्रफि कब्जा गर्न सफल भए। २०१० यूरोपा लिग फाइनलमा एट्लेटिकोलाई उपाधि जिताउन उनले फुलह्याम विरूद्ध गोल गरेका थिए । २०११ मा इटालियन क्लब इन्टर मिलान उनलाई भित्राउन उत्सुक भयो र भित्रायो पनि तर २०१२ मै उनी इन्टरनेकियोनल मा स्थानान्तरित भए। उनको अन्तराष्ट्रिय जीवनवृत्ती पनि निकै सफल मानिन्छ । 
==अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल==
सन् २००२ देखि राष्ट्रिय टोलीमा उदाएका फोर्लानले आफ्नो १२ वर्षे अन्तराष्ट्रिय खेलमा कुल ३६ गोल गरेका थिए। उनमा भएको गोल गर्ने खुबी विश्वकप र कोपा अमेरिकामा पनि देख्न सकिन्छ। [[२००२ फिफा विश्वकप]]मा उनले गरेको एक गोल हेर्दै सुन्दर थियो । [[२००६ फिफा विश्वकप]]का लागि उरूग्वे छनौट हुन सकेन तर [[२०१० फिफा विश्वकप]]मा उनले ५ गोल गर्दै लोकप्रियताको चरम चुलीमा पुगेका थिए। उक्त विश्वकपमा उनले घाना विरूद्ध गरेको फ्रि-किक गोल र जर्मनी विरूद्ध तेस्रो स्थानका लागि भएको प्ले-अफमा गरिएको गोलको सँधै चर्चा भइरहनेछ।
==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}
==बाह्य कडीहरू==
* 

[[श्रेणी:फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९७९ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:उरुग्वेली फुटबल खेलाडीहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>nwdm22haj9teno0u82hd9h7h839p5ty</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>मिरेन्डा कसग्रोभ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>80515</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363351</id>
      <parentid>1344328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:36:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
      <origin>1363351</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2800" sha1="e4417su4f1z75vjtl9f2jkqd8fuk0ph" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name         = मिरेन्डा कसग्रोभ
| image        = Miranda Cosgrove 6, 2013.jpg
| image_size   = 
| caption      = मिरेन्डा कसग्रोभ
| birth_name   =
| birth_date   = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1993|5|14}}
| birth_place  = [[लस एन्जलस]], [[क्यालिफोर्निया]], संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
| occupation   = [[अभिनेत्री]], गायिका
| height       = {{height|ft=5|in=6}} &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.celebsheight.com/miranda-cosgrove-weight-height-bra-size-shoe-size-body-measurements-waist-hips/|title=Miranda Cosgrove Weight, Height, Bra Size, Shoe Size, Body, Measurements, Waist, Hips|publisher=Celebrity Measurements|date= |accessdate=2015-10-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| years_active = २००१ - वर्तमान
}}
'''मिरेन्डा कसग्रोभ''' (जन्म: मे १४, १९९३ ) एक अमेरिकी अभिनेत्री र गायिका हुन् ।

== बाल्यकाल ==

==चलचित्र शुरुवात==
== व्यक्तिगत जीवन ==
== फिल्मोग्राफी==
==अवार्ड तथा मनोनयन==
== प्रसिद्धि ==

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}

==बाह्य कडीहरू==
{{Commonscat|Miranda Cosgrove|मिरेन्डा कसग्रोभ}}
* {{Official website|http://www.mirandacosgrove.com}}
* {{IMDb name|1388927|मिरेन्डा कसग्रोभ}}

[[श्रेणी:विकिथन-४ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी चलचित्र अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९९३ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:लस एन्जलसका अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:२१औँ शताब्दीका अमेरिकी अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी बाल अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी बाल गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी टेलिभिजन अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी आवाज अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी पप गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]


{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>e4417su4f1z75vjtl9f2jkqd8fuk0ph</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>मार्टिन ग्यार्रिक्स</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>81136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363352</id>
      <parentid>1355851</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:36:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="2175" sha1="jgu4p9115ycqyomn062s8x2a8pzdiih" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist 
| name        = मार्टिन ग्यार्रिक्स
| image       = Martin_Garrix_2013.jpg
| caption     = मार्टिन ग्यार्रिक्स
| birth_name   = मार्टिन ग्यार्रिट्सेन
| birth_date   = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1996|5|14}}
| birth_place  = एम्सेलभीन, [[नेदरल्यान्ड| नेदरल्याण्ड्स ]]
| residence    =  
| occupation  = डीजे, रेकर्ड प्रोड्युसर, संगीतकार
| genres = [[ईडीएम्]], [[इलेक्ट्रो हाउस]], [[प्रोग्रेसिभ हाउस]], [[डान्स-पप]]
| instrument  = [[सिन्थेसाइजर]], [[लजिक प्रो]], [[पियानो]]
| labels = 
| years_active = 2012– हालसम्म
| other_names   = 
| website      = www.martingarrix.com
}}
''' मार्टिन ग्यार्रिट्सेन ''' (जन्म: मे १४, १९९६) एक डच डीजे, रेकर्ड प्रोड्युसर र संगीतकार हुन्। ग्यार्रिक्स स्टेज नेम मार्टिन ग्यार्रिक्सको नामबाट चर्चित छन्।

== बाल्यकाल ==
==करियर शुरुवात==
==व्यक्तिगत जीवन==
==प्रकाशित एल्बमहरू==
==अवार्ड तथा मनोनयन==
==सन्दर्भ सूची==
{{reflist}}
== बाहिरी लिङ्क ==
[[श्रेणी:डच डीजेहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:विकिथन-४ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९९६ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:युनिभर्सल म्युजिक ग्रुपका कलाकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>jgu4p9115ycqyomn062s8x2a8pzdiih</sha1>
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    <title>निकोल शेर्जिङ्गर</title>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="5534" sha1="fzs93mwip2uu9h5ctdgw9nwm56md3jo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
|name= निकोल शेर्जिङ्गर
|image= Nicole Scherzinger 2012.jpg
|image_size= 225px
|caption=  निकोल शेर्जिङ्गर २०१२मा
|background=solo_singer
|birth_name=निकोल प्रेस्कोविया एलिकोलानी वलिएंटे&lt;!-- She was ''not'' born with the surname &quot;Scherzinger&quot;; that came from her stepfather. Do not put it back in unless you cite a reputable source that says it's her BIRTH surname. --&gt;
|birth_date = {{birth date and age|1978|06|29}}&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2008344/Nicole-Scherzinger-celebrated-33rd-birthday-TWO-parties.html Nicole Scherzinger takes a bite out of Vegas! X Factor judge celebrated her 33rd birthday with not one but TWO parties] Dailymail.co.uk. June 27, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt;
|birth_place=[[होनोलूलू]], [[हवाई]], [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]
|genre= पप, आरएंड बी
|occupation = गायिका-गीतकार, अभिनेत्री, नर्तक, मोडल
|instruments= आवाज, पियानो
|years_active= २०११–हाल सम्म
|label= इंटरस्कोप
|associated_acts= इडन्स क्रश, [[पुसीकैट्स डॉल्स]]
| website = {{url|nicolescherzingermusic.com}}
}}
'''निकोल प्रेस्कोविया एलिकोलानी वलिएंटे शेर्जिङ्गर''' ({{lang-en|Nicole Prescovia Elikolani Valiente Scherzinger}}, जन्म २९ जुलाई १९७८) एक अमरीकी गायिका, गीतकार, नर्तिका, रेकर्ड निर्माता, मोडल र अभिनेत्री हुन्। उनको जन्म [[होनोलूलू]], [[हवाई]], [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]मा भएको थियो । उनी लुईव्हिल [[केन्टकी]]मा हुर्केकी हुन् । उनले धेरै गायन प्रतियोगितामा सहभागी भइ गाएकी छिन् , ''डे अफ द न्यु यिअर'' नामक रक ब्याण्डमा सहभागिता लिनु भन्दा अघि । उनले २०१५मा टीन चोइज पुरस्कारको लागि मनोनीत भएकी थिइन् । उनले २०१३मा द एसियन् पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरिन् । उनले २०१२मा मेन इन ब्ल्याक ३मा पनि अभिनय गरिन् ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/news/teen-choice-awards-2015-nomination-include-choice-selfie-taker-201587|title=Teen Choice Awards 2015 Reveals Second Round of Nominations, Including &quot;Choice Selfie Taker|last=Takeda|first=Allison|date=July 8, 2015|work=[[US Weekly]]|accessdate=July 11, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/ben-kingsley-anupam-kher-hanif-440446|title=Ben Kingsley, Anupam Kher, Hanif Kureishi, Nicole Scherzinger Among U.K. Asian Awards Honorees|last=Kemp|first=Stuart|date=April 16, 2013|work=The Hollywood Reporter|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|accessdate=April 17, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==जीवनी==
उनको जन्म [[होनोलूलू]], [[हवाई]], [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]मा एक केथोलिक धर्मि परिवारमा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last= |first= |url=http://www.postzambia.com/post-read_article.php?articleId=16501 |title=Nicole Scherzinger's family hate her raunchy stage outfits |publisher=Saturday Post Online |date=December 8, 2010 |accessdate=August 27, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20121110151236/http://www.postzambia.com/post-read_article.php?articleId=16501 |archivedate=November 10, 2012 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121110151236/http://www.postzambia.com/post-read_article.php?articleId=16501 |date=November 10, 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|last=|first=|url=http://www.pr.com/article/1123|title=Nicole Scherzinger of The Pussycat Dolls Tells PR.com, &quot;I Would Challenge Anyone to a Sing-Off,&quot; ... and Other Musings from the Road
|publisher=PR.com|date=April 22, 2009|accessdate=August 27, 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}
==बाह्य कडीहरू==
{{Commons category|Nicole Scherzinger}}
* {{Official website|http://www.nicolescherzingermusic.com/}}
*{{Allmusic | id= nicole-scherzinger-mn0000774227}}
*{{Discogs artist|Nicole Scherzinger}}
* {{IMDb name|970122}}

[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी अभिनेत्रीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:विकी विमिन एडिटाथन २०१६ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी महिला नर्तकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
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    <title>कोपा अमेरिका</title>
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      <comment>/* नतिजा */</comment>
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{{Infobox football tournament
|name                 = कोपा अमेरिका
| image                = Logo de la Conmebol Copa Am%C3%A9rica.svg
| imagesize            = 240px
|founded              = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1916}}
|number of teams      = १२ अथवा १६
|related comps        = [[फिफा कन्फेडेरेसन्न कप]]
|region               = [[दक्षिण अमेरिका]] ([[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ|कोन्मेबोल]])
|current champions    = {{fb|Argentina}} (१६ औं पटक)
|most successful team = {{fb|Argentina}} (१६ पटक)
|top scorer(s)        = 
|broadcasters         = 
|motto                = 
|website              = [https://web.archive.org/web/20160627183025/http://www.ca2016.com/ कोपा अमेरिका]
|current              = [[सन् २०२४ कोपा अमेरिका]]
}}

'''कोपा अमेरिका''' ({{lang-es|Copa América}}), ('''''Campeonato Sudamericano de Fútbol''''' स्पेनीमा र '''''Copa Sul-Americana de Futebol''''' पुर्तुगालीमा),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_84/ |title=X Campeonato Sud Americano de Football |publisher=biblioteca.afa.org.ar |accessdate=27 February 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180327063631/http://biblioteca.afa.org.ar/libros/libro_84/ |date=27 March 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; १९७५ सम्म दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल प्रतियोगिताको रूपमा परिचित एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय पुरुष फुटबल प्रतिस्पर्धा हो जसमा [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ|कोन्मेबोल]]का राष्ट्रिय टोलीहरूको एकाअर्काको समना गर्ने गर्छन्। यो हरेक चार वर्षमा आयोजना हुँदै आएको छ, यो सबैभन्दा पुरानो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय महाद्वीपीय फुटबल प्रतियोगिता हो। &lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmericaOldestContTournament&quot;/&gt;यसले दक्षिण अमेरिका को महाद्वीपीय विजेताको निर्धारण गर्दछ।&lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmericaOldestContTournament&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmericaToTheUS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.concacaf.com/article/concacaf-and-conmebol-announce-agreement-to-bring-copa-america-2016-to-the-united-states|title=CONCACAF and CONMEBOL Announce Agreement to Bring Copa America 2016 to the United States|publisher=CONCACAF.com|date=1 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.conmebol.com/en/copa-america-2015-en/history|title=Copa América: History|publisher=CONMEBOL|accessdate=27 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; प्रतियोगितामा सन् १९९० को दशकदेखि उत्तरी अमेरिका र एसियाका टोलीहरू पनि भाग लिनको निमन्त्रणा गरिएको छ।

यसको उपाधि हालसम्म, दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घमा रहेका १० टोली मध्ये ८ राष्ट्रिय टोलीहरूले जित्न सफल भएका छन्&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.copaamerica.com/default.asp?pag=patrocinio |title=Copa América Venezuela 2007 |date= |fechaacceso= |website=www.copaamerica.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226204619/http://www.copaamerica.com/default.asp?pag=patrocinio |archivedate=26 de diciembre de 2007 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071226204619/http://www.copaamerica.com/default.asp?pag=patrocinio |date=2007-12-26 }}&lt;/ref&gt; जहाँ यसलाई फुटबलका महाशक्ति मानिएका राष्ट्रिय, उरुग्वेले १५ पटक, अर्जेन्टिनाले १५ पटक र ब्राजिलले ९ पटक कब्जा गरेका छन्। 
यसका अतिरिक्त, चिली, पाराग्वे र पेरूले दुई पटक यसको उपाधि चुमेका थिए भने बोलिभिया र कोलोम्बियाले समान एक-एक पटक यसको उपाधि हात पारेका छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.emol.com/noticias/Deportes/2019/07/07/953765/Brasil-alcanzo-su-novena-corona-Conoce-el-listado-de-campeones-de-la-Copa-America.html |title=Brasil alcanzó su novena corona: Conoce el listado de campeones de la Copa América |accessdate=7 de julio de 2019 |author=Equipo Multimedia Emol |date=7 de julio de 2019 |website=www.emol.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; प्रतियोगिताको हालको विजेता ब्राजिल हो। प्रतियोगितालाई विभिन्न दक्षिण अमेरिकी देशहरूमा आयोजना गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.rsssf.com/tablesb/bhc.html |title=British Home Championship Overview |accessdate=7 de abril de 2017 |author=Reyes, Macario, y Neil Morrison |date=1 de octubre de 1999 |language=en |website=www.rsssf.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१९ को संस्करणमा, [[एसियाली फुटबल महासङ्घ]]मा देश कतार र जापानलाई प्रतियोगितामा भाग लिनका लागि आमन्त्रित गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref name=अमेरिका&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=कोपा अमेरिका फुटबल प्रतियोगिता (जानकारी )|युआरएल=https://baahrakhari.com/news-details/196869/2019-05-28|भाषा=नेपाली|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=बाह्रखरी|लेखक=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ अक्टोबर २०२०}}&lt;/ref&gt;

दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घमा आबद्ध १० टोलीहरू बाहेक यसमा [[उत्तर, मध्य अमेरिका र क्यारिबियन फुटबल सङ्घ]]मा आबद्ध राष्ट्रहरूलाई पनि खेलमा सहभागी बन्नका लागि निमन्त्रणा गरिने गरिएको छ, तथापि केही अपवादहरू भने कायमै रहेकम छन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmericaOldestContTournament&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world|title=The oldest main continental tournament in the world|publisher=CONMEBOL.com|accessdate=3 April 2014|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221011523/http://www.conmebol.com/en/content/oldest-continental-tournament-world|archivedate=21 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१६ देखि, प्रतियोगितामा सामान्यतया १६ राष्ट्रहरूले सहभागी हुन्छन् जसमा १० दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ र ४ [[उत्तर, मध्य अमेरिका र क्यारिबियन फुटबल सङ्घ]]का राष्ट्रहरू पर्दछन्।

हालसम्मको नतिजा हेर्दा, १९ देशहरू यसमा सहभागी भएका छन् र यसको उपाधिलाई हालसम्म कुनै पनि दक्षिण अमेरिकी देश बाहेकका राष्ट्रहरू हात पार्न सकेका छैनन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmericaOldestContTournament&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CopaAmericaToTheUS&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.conmebol.com/en/copa-america-2015-en/history|title=Copa América: History|publisher=CONMEBOL|accessdate=27 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; गैर-दक्षिण अमेरिकी देशहरू मध्ये सबैभन्दा राम्रो नतिजा मेक्सिकोले ल्याएको थियो जहाँ यो दुईपटक उपविजेता र एक पटक तेस्रो भएको थियो भने अर्को देश होन्डुरस एक संस्करणमा तेस्रो भएको थियो र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका सन् १९९५ मा भएको प्रतियोगितामा चौथो भएको थियो। छनोट चरण बिना सिधै प्रतियोगितामा प्रवेश पाउने यो एकमात्र अन्तरमहादेशीय फुटबल प्रतियोगिता हो। &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.ca2016.com/teams |title=Archived copy |access-date=22 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522133418/http://www.ca2016.com/teams |archive-date=22 May 2016 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160522133418/http://www.ca2016.com/teams |date=22 May 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा, यो हालसम्म सर्वाधिक धेरै पटक आयोजित भएको छ जसमा यसले अर्को प्रमुख फुटबल भिडन्त [[फिफा विश्वकप]]लाई समेत उछिनेको छ। ओलम्पिक खेललाई समेत पछि पार्दै यो, फुटबलको इतिहासमा सबैभन्दा धेरै पटक आयोजित भएको एक अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतियोगिता समेत हो। यो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय स्तरमा, यो तीन ठूला प्रतियोगिताहरू जस्तै फिफा विश्वकप र युरोकपको समान एक प्रमुख प्रतियोगिता हो। 

यसको पहिलो संस्करण सन् २०१६ मा, अर्जेन्टिनामा स्वतन्त्रताको एक सय वर्षको उपलक्ष्यमा आयोजना गरिएको थियो।
यसमा ४ संस्थापक राष्ट्र अर्जेन्टिना, ब्राजिल, चिली र [[उरुग्वे]] सहभागी भएका थिए। प्रारम्भिक रूपमा, यो वार्षिक रूपमा सञ्चालन हुने गर्दथ्यो भने पछि यो केही वर्षको अन्तरालमा आयोजित भएको थियो। सन् २००७ उत्तरार्ध यसलाई यो प्रत्येक ४ वर्षमा आयोजना गरिन्छ, (अपवाद, सन् २०१५, २०१६, २०१९ र २०२१ का संस्करणहरू बाहेक)। यो प्रतियोगिता फुटबलको इतिहासको सबैभन्दा पुरानो प्रतियोगिताहरू मध्ये तेस्रो स्थानमा रहेको छ
सन् २००७ को संस्करणमा, यसलाई प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा ५३ करोड दक्षिण अमेरिकीहरूले टेलिभिजन मार्फत हेरेका थिए जहाँ यसले जम्मा प्रसारण भएका १८५ देशहरूका ४ अर्ब दर्शकहरूले यसको मज्जा लिएका थिए।प्रतियोगितामा, खेलिने भकुण्डोलाई अमेरिकी खेलकुद उपकरण कम्पनी [[नाइकी]]ले निर्माण गर्दछ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=यस्तो छ कोपाको फाइनलमा खेलाइने 'आधिकारिक बल'|युआरएल=http://www.thahakhabar.com/news/73805/|भाषा=नेपाली|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=थाह खबर|लेखक=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ अक्टोबर २०२०}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== इतिहास ==
=== सुरुवात ===
[[File:Uruguay 1916.jpg|thumb|सन् १९१६ को संस्करणमा [[उरुग्वे राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली]]]]
सन् १८५९ मा, [[दक्षिण अमेरिका]]को सबैभन्दा पहिलो क्रिकेट तथा फुटबल क्लब, लिमाको स्थापन पेरूमा भएको थियो भने अर्जेन्टिनी फुटबल सङ्घको स्थापना सन् १८९३ मा, भएको थियो। २०औँ शताब्दीको सुरुमा, फुटबलको लोकप्रियतामा बढ्दै गइरहेको थियो, र महाद्वीपको राष्ट्रिय टोलीहरूको बीचमा पहिलो अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय प्रतिस्पर्धा सन् १९१० मा भएको थियो जहाँ अर्जेन्टिनाले मे क्रान्तिको शताब्दी वर्षको उपलक्ष्यमा एउटा कार्यक्रम आयोजना गरेको थियो। चिली र उरुग्वेले उक्त प्रथम प्रतियोगितामा, भाग जनाएता पनि यसलाई दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घले आधिकारिक प्रतियोगिता भने मानेको थिएन। त्यस्तै, अर्जेन्टिनाले आफ्नो स्वतन्त्रताको शताब्दी उत्सवको उपलक्ष्यमा, २ र १७ जुलाई १९१६ को बीच एक प्रतियोगिताको आयोजना
गरेको थियो। प्रतियोगितामा चिली, उरुग्वे अर्जेन्टिना र पाराग्वे सहभागी भएका थिए। हाल कोपा अमेरिकाको नामले प्रचलिच यस प्रतियोगितालाई तात्कालिक समयमा, यसलाई '''काम्पेओनातो सुदआमेरिकानो दे फुतबोल''' ({{भाषा-स्पेनी|Campeonato Sudamericano de Football}}) को रूपमा परिचित थियो। पहिलो प्रतियोगिताको उपाधि उरुग्वेले हात पारेको थियो। प्रतियोगिताको सफलता देखेर, उरुग्वे फुटबल सङ्घकम एक सदस्य, एक्तोर रिबादाबियाले अर्जेन्टिना, ब्राजिल, चिली र उरुग्वे लगायत का राष्ट्रहरू मात्र संलग्न हुने गरि एक संयुक्त फुटबल सङ्घको स्थापनाको प्रस्ताव गरेका थिए र ९ जुलाई अर्थात् अर्जेन्टिनाको स्वतन्त्रता दिवसको उपलक्ष्यमा दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घको स्थापना भएको थियो। अर्को वर्ष, प्रतियोगिता फेरि उरुग्वेमा आयोजित गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref name=इतिहास&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=युरोपेली छायामा कोपा अमेरिका|युआरएल=https://nepalmag.com.np/sports/2019/07/02/20190702144046|भाषा=नेपाली|प्रकाशक=नेपाल पत्रिका|वेबसाइट=|लेखक=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ अक्टोबर २०२०}}&lt;/ref&gt; प्रतियोगिताको अन्तिम खेलमा अर्जेन्टिनालाई १-० ले हराउँदै उरुग्वेले फेरि अर्को पटक उपाधि जितेको थियो। उरुग्वेको सफलताले यस प्रतिस्पर्धालाई थप एकिकृत गर्न मद्दत गरेको थियो। 
सन् १९१८ मा रियो दि जेनेरियोमा फ्लूको प्रकोप पछि प्रतियोगितालाई एक वर्ष पश्चात्, ब्राजिलले सन् १९१९ मा आयोजना गरेको थियो। ब्राजिलले पूर्व विजेता उरुग्वेलाई १-० ले पराजित गरेको थियो। सन् १९२० को संस्करको प्रतियोगितालाई चिलीले आयोजना गरेको थियो जहाँ यसको विजेता उरुग्वे बन्न सफल भएको थियो।

सन् १९२१ को प्रतियोगिताको लागि, दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङघमा आबद्ध भएको एक वर्ष पश्चात्, पाराग्वेले पहिलो पटक यस प्रतियोगितामा सहभागिता जनाएको थियो 
हुलियो लिबोनात्तीको गोलको सहायता मार्फत, अर्जेन्टिनाले पहिलो पटक प्रतियोगिताको उपाधि हात पारेको थियो। लगत्तैको वर्षहरूमा, उरुग्वेले प्रतियोगितालाई आफ्नो दब्दबामा राख्न सफल भएको थियो जुन तात्कालिक समयमा विश्वको सबैभन्दा ठूलो फुटबल प्रतियोगिता थियो। सन् १९२८, नेदरल्यान्डको राजधानी आमस्तर्दममा, भएको ग्रीष्मकालिन ओलम्पिक खेल अन्तर्गतको फुटबल प्रतियोगिताको फाइनल पराजित भएको अर्जेन्टिनाले सन् १९२९ दक्षिण अमेरिकी प्रतियोगितामा, बदला लिँदै उरुग्वेलाई पराजित गर्न सफल भएको थियो। यसै समयमा, सन् १९२६ र सन् १९२७ को प्रतियोगिताहरूमा, दुबै बोलिभिया र पेरूले प्रदापण गरेका थिए।

=== अव्यवस्थिति र रुकावट ===
[[File:Bolivia 1963.jpg|thumb|सन् १९६३ को विजेता [[बोलिभिया राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|बोलिभिया]]को राष्ट्रिय टोली]]
सन् १९३० मा उरुग्वेमा सम्पन्न भएको पहिलो [[फिफा विश्वकप]]पछि उरुग्वे र अर्जेन्टिनाको फुटबल महासङ्घ बीचको दुश्मनीले प्रतिस्पर्धालाई धेरै वर्षसम्म रोकेको थियो। सन् १९३५ मा मात्र यो प्रतियोगिता विशेष संस्करणलाई आधिकारिक रूपमा सन् १९३९ मा पुनःस्थापित गर्न सम्भव भएको थियो। सन् १९३९ को प्रतियोगितालाई, [[पेरू]]ले आयोजना गरेको थियो भने यसको उपाधि समेत उक्त राष्ट्रले कब्जा गरेको थियो। एक्वेडरले उक्त प्रतियोगिता मार्फत पहिलो पटक यस खेलमा सहभागी भएको थियो।

सन् १९४१ मा चिलीले यस वर्षको संस्करण सान्तियागो सहरको स्थापनाको ४००औँ  वार्षिकोत्सवको उपलक्ष्यमा आयोजना गरेको थियो जसमा नवनिर्मित राष्ट्रिय रङ्गशाला एस्तादियो नास्योनालको क्षमता ३०,००० बाट ७०,००० दर्शकहरूमा विस्तार गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;http://www.rsssf.com/tablesm/mar-sucre73.html&lt;/ref&gt;
टोलीको ठूलो लगानी र प्रारम्भिक सफलताको बावजूद, चिलीले अन्तिम खेलमा पूर्व विजेता अर्जेन्टिनासँग पराजित भएको थियो। उरुग्वेले सन् १९४२ को संस्करणको आयोजना गर्दै उपाधि समेत उचालेको थियो। चिलीले सन् १९४५ मा फेरि प्रतियोगिताको आयोजना गरेको थियो जहाँ टोली तेस्रो स्थानमा सिमित भएको थियो। फाइनल खेलमा, [[ब्राजिल राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|ब्राजिल]]लाई पराजित गर्दै अर्जेन्टिनले पुन: यसको उपधि हासिल गरेको थियो। 

प्रतियोगिता त्यसपछि ठूलो अवरोधको अवधि प्रवेश गरेको थियो जहाँ प्रतिस्पर्धाहरू नियमित आधारमा सञ्चालन भएका थिएनन् र धेरै संस्करणहरू [[दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घ]]ले अनौपचारिक मानेको थियो। अर्जेन्टिनाले सन् १९४५, १९३६ र सन् १९४७ का संस्करणहरूमा लगातार हैकम जमाएको थियो। ती तीनवटा वार्षिक प्रतियोगिताहरू पश्चात्, प्रतिस्पर्धा प्रत्येक दुई दुई वर्षमा आयोजना गरिएको थियो। तीन लगातार प्रतियोगिताहरू पश्चात्,  सन् १९५९ मा, यसलाई दुई पटक आयोजना गरिएको थियो जहाँ पहिलो प्रतियोगिता [[अर्जेन्टिना]] र अर्को [[इक्वेडर]]मा सम्पन्न भएको थियो। यस अवधिमा, केही राष्ट्रिय टोलीहरू प्रतियोगिताको बेवास्ता गरेका थिए। सन् १९५९ मा, आयोजित संस्करणमा, ब्राजिलले पेरनाँबुको राज्यको टोलीलाई प्रतियोगितामा प्रवेश गराएको थियो बोलिभियाले सन् १९६३ मा, पहिलो पटक यस प्रतियोगितालाई आयोजना गर्दै उपाधि समेत हात पारेको थियो, तथापि यो सा् १९६९ को संस्करणको प्रतियोगितामा, नवप्रवेशी भेनेजुएलासँगको पहिलो खेलमै पराजित भएको थियो। सन् १९५९ मा, स्थापनम भएको क्लब स्तरिय प्रतियोगिता कोपा लिबेर्तादोरेसले पनि यसलाई असर गरेको थियो जसको प्रत्यक्ष प्रभाव दर्शकहरूका माझ परेको थियो।

८ वर्षको निष्क्रियता पश्चात्, सन् १९७५ मा, प्रतियोगिता कोपा अमेरिका ({{भाषा-स्पेनी|'''Copa América'''}}) (उच्चारण: कोपा आमेरिका) को नामबाट पुन: सुरु भएको थियो।&lt;ref name=कोपा&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=कोपा अमेरिका १०० बर्ष:उरुग्वे धेरै जित्नेमा पहिलो, अर्जेन्टिना दोस्रो र ब्राजिल तेस्रो|युआरएल=https://hamrakura.com/news-details/9030/design/|भाषा=नेपाली|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=|लेखक=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१५ अक्टोबर २०२०}}&lt;/ref&gt; प्रतियोगिताको कुनै निश्चित स्थल थिएन, र सबै खेलहरू प्रत्येक देशभर वर्षभरै खेलाइएको थियो। सेमिफाइनलमा प्रवेश पाउँदै पूर्व विजेताको साथ समूह चरणमा नौ टोलीहरूले भाग लिएका थिए। सन् १९८७ सम्म, यस प्रणाली प्रयोग गरेर प्रत्येक चार वर्ष यो प्रतियोगितालाई सञ्चालन गरिएको थियो।

० १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९

== नतिजा ==

; Tournament name

* १९१६–१९६७: &quot;दक्षिण अमेरिकी च्याम्पियनसिप&quot;
* १९७५–present: &quot;कोपा अमेरिका&quot;

; Key

* [[अतिरिक्त समय (खेल)|अ.स]]: अतिरिक्त समय
* [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेना.]]: [[पेनाल्टी-सुटआउट|पेनाल्टी सुटआउट]]
* {{colorbox|#d0e7ff|border=#999999}} Final played in [[Two-legged tie|two-legged]] format (with a playoff if necessary).

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%; text-align:center; width:;&quot;
|+{{align|left|{{navbar|Copa América Champions|mini=y}}}}
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:;&quot; |{{abbr|Ed.|Edition}}
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:;&quot; |वर्ष
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:;&quot; |आयोजक 
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |First place game
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Third place game
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;width:;&quot; |Teams
|-
! width=&quot;100px&quot; |{{gold01}} विजेता 
! width=&quot;&quot; |Score
! width=&quot;100px&quot; |{{silver02}} उप-विजेता 
! width=&quot;100px&quot; |{{bronze03}} तेस्रो 
! width=&quot;&quot; |Score
! width=&quot;100px&quot; |[[चित्र:Pewter_medal_icon.svg|17x17पिक्सेल]] चौथो 
|-
|१
|१९१६
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|Argentina}}}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|४
|-
|२
|१९१७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|४
|-
|३
|१९१९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]]}} 
{{nowrap|Play-off: '''[[1919 South American Championship play-off|1–0]]''' {{aet}}}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|४
|-
|४
|१९२०
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|४
|-
|५
|१९२१
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|४
|-
|६
|१९२२
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]]}} 
{{nowrap|Play-off: '''[[1922 South American Championship play-off|3–0]]'''}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|५
|-
|७
|१९२३
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|४
|-
|८
|१९२४
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|४
|-
|९
|१९२५
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
| -
|३
|-
|१०
|१९२६
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|५
|-
|११
|१९२७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Peru|1825}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{fb-big|PER|1825}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BOL}}
|४
|-
|१२
|१९२९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PER|1825}}
|४
|-
|१३
|१९३५
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Peru|1825}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|PER|1825}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|४
|-
|१४
|१९३७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]]}} 
{{nowrap|Play-off: '''[[1937 South American Championship play-off|2–0]]''' {{aet}}}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|६
|-
|१५
|१९३९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Peru|1825}}
|'''{{fb-big|PER|1825}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|५
|-
|१६
|१९४१
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PER|1825}}
|५
|-
|१७
|१९४२
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|७
|-
|१८
|१९४५
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|७
|-
|१९
|१९४६
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|६
|-
|२०
|१९४७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Ecuador|1900}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|८
|-
|२१
|१९४९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Brazil|1889}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]]}} 
{{nowrap|Play-off: '''[[1949 South American Championship play-off|7–0]]'''}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}
|{{fb-big|PER|1825}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BOL}}
|८
|-
|२२
|१९५३
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Peru|football}}
|'''{{fb-big|PAR|1842}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[Round-robin tournament|round-robin]]}} 
{{nowrap|Play-off: '''[[1953 South American Championship play-off|3–2]]'''}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|७
|-
|२३
|१९५५
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|६
|-
|२४
|१९५६
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA}}
|६
|-
|२५
|१९५७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Peru|football}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|७
|-
|२६
|१९५९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1954}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|७
|-
|२७
|१९५९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Ecuador|1900}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1889}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ECU|1900}}
|५
|-
|२८
|१९६३
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Bolivia}}
|'''{{fb-big|BOL}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1954}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1960}}
|७
|-
|२९
|१९६७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1954}}
|६
|-
|३०
|१९७५
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|[[होम एण्ड अवे]]}}
|'''{{fb-big|PER}}'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#d0e7ff&quot; |{{nowrap|'''[[1975 Copa América finals#First leg|0–1]] / [[1975 Copa América finals#Second leg|2–0]]'''}} 
{{nowrap|Play-off: [[1975 Copa América finals#Play-off|1–0]]}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1968}}
|{{center|– {{refn|group=n|name=nothird|No third place match was played; teams are listed in alphabetical order.}}}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|१०
|-
|३१
|१९७९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|[[होम एण्ड अवे]]}}
|'''{{fb-big|PAR|1954}}'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#d0e7ff&quot; |{{nowrap|'''[[1979 Copa América finals#First leg|3–0]] / [[1979 Copa América finals#Second leg|0–1]]'''}} 
{{nowrap|Play-off: [[1979 Copa América finals#Play-off|0–0]] {{aet}}}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1968}}
|{{center|– {{refn|group=n|name=nothird}}}}
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|१०
|-
|३२
|१९८३
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|[[होम एण्ड अवे]]}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
| bgcolor=&quot;#d0e7ff&quot; |{{nowrap|'''[[1983 Copa América finals#First leg|2–0]] / [[1983 Copa América finals#Second leg|1–1]]'''}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1968}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1954}}
|{{center|– {{refn|group=n|name=nothird}}}}
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|१०
|-
|३३
|१९८७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|Argentina}}}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|'''[[1987 Copa América final|१–०]]'''
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|'''२–१'''
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|१०
|-
|३४
|१९८९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Brazil|1968}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA|1968}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|PAR|1988}}
|१०
|-
|३५
|१९९१
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|BRA|1968}}
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|{{nowrap|[[राउन्ड-रोबिन प्रतियोगिता|राउन्ड-रोबिन]]}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|१०
|-
|३६
|१९९३
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Ecuador|1900}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|'''[[1993 Copa América final|२–१]]'''
|{{fb-big|MEX}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|'''१–०'''
|{{fb-big|ECU|1900}}
|१२
|-
|३७
|१९९५
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Uruguay}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|'''[[1995 Copa América final|१–१]]''' 
{{pso|5–3}}
|{{fb-big|BRA}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|'''४–१'''
|{{fb-big|USA}}
|१२
|-
|३८
|१९९७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Bolivia}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA}}'''
|'''[[1997 Copa América final|३–१]]'''
|{{fb-big|BOL}}
|{{fb-big|MEX}}
|'''१–०'''
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|१२
|-
|३९
|१९९९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Paraguay|1990}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA}}'''
|'''[[1999 Copa América final|३–०]]'''
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|{{fb-big|MEX}}
|'''२–१'''
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|१२
|-
|४०
|२००१
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Colombia}}
|'''{{fb-big|COL}}'''
|'''[[2001 Copa América final|१–०]]'''
|{{fb-big|MEX}}
|{{fb-big|HON|1949}}
|'''२–२''' 
{{pso|5–4}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|१२
|-
|४१
|२००४
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Peru|football}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA}}'''
|'''[[2004 Copa América final|२–२]]'''
{{pso|4–2}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|'''२–१'''
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|१२
|-
|४२
|२००७
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|Venezuela}}}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA}}'''
|'''[[2007 Copa América final|३–०]]'''
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|MEX}}
|'''३–१'''
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|१२
|-
|४३
|[[२०११ कोपा अमेरिका|२०११]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Argentina}}
|'''{{fb-big|URU}}'''
|'''[[2011 Copa América final|३–०]]'''
|{{fb-big|PAR|1990}}
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|'''४–१'''
|{{fb-big|VEN}}
|१२
|-
|४४
|[[२०१५ कोपा अमेरिका|२०१५]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Chile}}
|'''{{fb-big|CHI}}'''
| '''[[2015 Copa América final|०–०]]''' {{aet}}
{{pso|4–1}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|'''२–०'''
|{{fb-big|PAR}}
|१२
|-
|४५
|[[कोपा अमेरिका सेन्तेनारियो|२०१६]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}}
|'''{{fb-big|CHI}}'''
| '''[[Copa América Centenario final|०–०]]''' {{aet}}
{{pso|4–2}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|'''१–०'''
|{{fb-big|USA}}
|१६
|-
|४६
|२०१९
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Brazil}}
|'''{{fb-big|BRA}}'''
|'''[[2019 Copa América final|३–१]]'''
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|{{fb-big|ARG}}
|'''२–१'''
|{{fb-big|CHI}}
|१२
|-
|४७
|[[२०२१ कोपा अमेरिका|२०२१]]
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{flag|Brazil}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|'''[[2021 Copa América final|१–०]]'''
|{{fb-big|BRA}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|'''३–२'''
|{{fb-big|PER}}
|१०
|-
|४८
|२०२४
| align=&quot;left&quot; |{{nowrap|{{flag|United States}}}}
|'''{{fb-big|ARG}}'''
|'''[[2024 Copa América final|१–०]]''' {{aet}}
|{{fb-big|COL}}
|{{fb-big|URU}}
|'''२–२'''
{{pso|4–3}}
|{{fb-big|CAN}}
|१६
|}

; Notes
{{reflist|group=n}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Copa América}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

== बाह्य कडीहरू ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143253/http://www.conmebol.com/es/copa-america कोपा अमेरिका], कन्मेबोल डटकममा
* [http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/sachampfulltrivia.html कोपा अमेरिका अभिलेख&amp;nbsp;– प्रश्नोत्तर]
* [http://www.rsssf.com/tabless/sachampfull.html प्रतिवेदनहरू सहितका अभिलेखहरू]

{{कोपा अमेरिका}}
{{कोपा अमेरिका विजेताहरू}}
{{दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल}}

[[श्रेणी:कोपा अमेरिका| ]]
[[श्रेणी:दक्षिण अमेरिकी फुटबल सङ्घका प्रतियोगिताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय फुटबल प्रतियोगिताहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>dam0qrcp5fpy4lp34434mvez70hiyvz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>फ्युचर (र्‍यापर)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <parentid>1321862</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:36:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="5146" sha1="f1jmgqrlqqrilh44glf9vry4cdre4t3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name            = फ्युचर
| image         = Future (rapper) 2014 (cropped).JPG
| caption         = सन् २०१४ जुलाईमा फ्युचर प्रस्तुती दिँदै
| birth_name      = न्याबडस डिमुन विलबर्न
| alias           = {{flatlist|
* फ्युचर ह्यान्ड्रिक&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat|title=Future Shares New Music On Snapchat|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=April 10, 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417234411/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.38289/title.future-shares-new-music-on-snapchat |date=April 17, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* मिथहेड&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/future-how-hip-hops-paranoid-android-became-a-robocroon-superstar-20140415&lt;/ref&gt;
* न्याबडस क्यास&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead|title=Big Gipp Details Future's Dungeon Family Background; Rapper Was Known As Meathead|website=HipHopDX|first=Cherise|last=Johnson|date=February 29, 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160505020547/http://hiphopdx.com/news/id.37702/title.big-gipp-details-futures-dungeon-family-background-rapper-was-known-as-meathead |date=May 5, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1983|11|20}}
| birth_place     = एट्लान्टा, [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|अमेरिका]]
| origin          = 
| occupation      = {{flatlist|
* र्‍यापर
* गायक
* गितकार
* रेकर्ड निर्माता
}}
| partner = सियरे &lt;small&gt;(२०१३–२०१४)&lt;/small&gt;
| relatives    = रिको वेड &lt;small&gt;(भाई)&lt;/small&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/videos/future-thanks-cousin-outkast-producer-rico-wade-20140423&lt;/ref&gt;
| children = ४
| awards = [[फ्पुचरले प्रप्त गरेका अवार्ड र मनोनयनहरूको सुचि]]
| module = {{Infobox musical artist|embed=yes
| background = solo_singer&lt;!--mandatory field--&gt;
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[हिप हप सङ्गीत|हिप हप]]
* [[ट्रायाप सङ्गित]]
* [[आर एण्ड बि]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://hiphopdx.com/videos/id.25871/title.maybe-this-is-why-modern-mumble-rap-exists |title=Maybe This Is Why Modern Mumble Rap Exists... |website=[[HipHopDX]] |language=en-US |access-date=2018-09-19 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919171643/https://hiphopdx.com/videos/id.25871/title.maybe-this-is-why-modern-mumble-rap-exists |date=2018-09-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://cardinaltimes.org/11726/reviews/review-mumble-rap-is-a-poor-label-for-new-hip-hop/ |title=Review: ‘Mumble Rap’ is a poor label for new Hip-Hop |last=Harold |first=Oscar |website=The Cardinal Times |language=en-US |access-date=2018-09-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
| years_active    = २००९–हालसम्म
| label           = {{flatlist|
* [[ए वान रेकर्डिङ|ए वान]]
* [[फ्रिबेन्ड]]
* [[एपिक रेकर्ड]]
}}
| instrument = {{flatlist|
* स्वर
* किबोर्ड
}}
| associated_acts = {{flatlist|
*[[ड्रेक]]
*[[गुचि मेन]]
*[[लिल वेन]]
*[[माईक विल मेड इट]]
*[[रको (र्‍यापर)|रको]]
*[[योङ थग]]
}}
| website         = {{URL|futurefreebandz.com/}}
}}
}}
'''न्याबडस डेमुन विलबर्न''' ( जन्म-२० नोभेम्बर, १९८३), आधिकारिक रूपमा '''फ्युचर''' को नामले चिनिन्छन् , एक अमेरिकी र्‍यापर, गायक, गीतकार र रेकर्ड निर्माता हुन् । अटलांटा, जर्जियामा जन्मे र हुर्कियका, विल्बर्न पहिलोपटक डगोन फेमेलि सङ्गीतिक प्रसिक्षणमा सम्लग्न भएका थिए, जहाँ उनको नाम &quot;फ्युचर&quot; राखिएको थियो ।

==बाल्यकाल==
==सांगितिक कार्यकाल==
==अवार्ड तथा मनोनयन==
==सन्दर्भ सामाग्री==
{{reflist}}
==बाह्य कडीहरू==
* {{URL|futurefreebandz.com|आधिकारिक वेबसाइट}}

[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी गायकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी हिप हप गायकहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९८३ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>f1jmgqrlqqrilh44glf9vry4cdre4t3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>100433</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363331</id>
      <parentid>1363288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T04:59:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bishaldev100</username>
        <id>28807</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* नक आउट चरण */</comment>
      <origin>1363331</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15412" sha1="dd5vr5l2jdc394w80c3ay1n7hwfw38q" xml:space="preserve">{{छोटो विवरण|उत्तर अमेरिकामा अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय पुरुष फुटबल प्रतियोगिता}}
{{Current sport|sport=फुटबल|event=फिफा विश्वकप|date=जुन २०२६}}
{{Infobox international football competition
| year           = २०२६
| tourney_name   = फिफा विश्वकप
| other_titles   = फिफा विश्वकप २६&lt;br&gt;{{native name|es|Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2026}}&lt;br&gt;{{native name|fr|Coupe du Monde de la FIFA 2026}}
| image          = 2026 FIFA World Cup emblem.svg
| size           = 250x250px
| alt            = Emblem of the 2026 FIFA World Cup, showing numbers &quot;2&quot; (top) and &quot;6&quot; (bottom) overlayed by the World Cup trophy
&lt;!--Do not add flags to country parameters as per WP:INFOBOXFLAG.--&gt;
| country        = क्यानडा
| country2       = मेक्सिको
| country3       = संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका
| dates          = जुन ११ – जुलाई १९
| num_teams      = ४८
| confederations = ६
| venues         = १६
| cities         = १६
| champion       =
| count          =
| second         =
| third          =
| fourth         =
| matches        = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|matches|2026 FIFA World Cup}}
| goals          = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|goals|2026 FIFA World Cup}}
| attendance     = {{#invoke:Football attendance summation|main|groups=A-L}}
| top_scorer     = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|topscorer|2026 FIFA World Cup}}
| player         =
| goalkeeper     =
| young_player   =
| fair_play      =
| prevseason     = [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप|सन् २०२२]]
| nextseason     = ''[[२०३० फिफा विश्वकप|सन् २०३०]]''
| updated        = {{#invoke:Goalscorers|date|2026 FIFA World Cup|mdy=y}}
}}

'''२०२६ फिफा विश्वकप''' [[फिफा विश्वकप]]को वर्तमान र २३औँ संस्करण हो, जुन फिफाका सदस्य सङ्घका राष्ट्रिय टोलीहरूद्वारा प्रतिस्पर्धा गरिने चार-चार वर्षमा हुने अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय पुरुष फुटबल प्रतियोगिता हो। यो प्रतियोगिता सन् २०२६ जुन ११ देखि जुलाई १९ सम्म आयोजना भइरहेको छ। यसलाई संयुक्त रूपमा [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]का ११, [[मेक्सिको]]का ३, र [[क्यानडा]]का २ गरी जम्मा १६ सहरहरूमा आयोजना गरिएको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=फिफा विश्वकप २०२६: २०२६ फिफा विश्वकप अमेरिका, क्यानडा, र मेक्सिकोमा हुने भएको छ। |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/44464913 |accessdate=१३ जुन २०१८ |publisher=बिबिसी|date=१३ जुन २०१८}}&lt;/ref&gt; यो प्रतियोगिता तीन राष्ट्रहरूद्वारा आयोजना गरिएको पहिलो [[फिफा विश्वकप]] हो, र अघिल्लो ३२ टोलीहरूबाट विस्तार गरी ४८ टोलीहरू समावेश गरिएको यो पहिलो प्रतियोगिता हो।

संयुक्त २०२६ को बोलकबोलले [[मस्को]]मा भएको ६८औँ फिफा कङ्ग्रेसको अन्तिम मतदानमा [[मोरक्को]]को प्रतिस्पर्धी बोलकबोललाई पराजित गरेको थियो। यो [[२००२ फिफा विश्वकप|सन् २००२]] पछि बहु-राष्ट्रहरूद्वारा संयुक्त रूपमा आयोजना हुन लागेको पहिलो विश्वकप हो। यसअघि सन् १९७० र १९८६ का प्रतियोगिताहरू आयोजना गरिसकेको मेक्सिको, तीन पटक विश्वकप आयोजना वा संयुक्त आयोजना गर्ने पहिलो देश बनिसकेको छ। संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाले यसअघि सन् [[१९९४ फिफा विश्वकप|१९९४]] को फिफा विश्वकप आयोजना गरेको थियो। यसको विपरित, क्यानडाका लागि भने यो प्रतियोगिता आयोजना वा संयुक्त आयोजना गरेको पहिलो पटक हो। [[कतार]]मा भएको [[२०२२ फिफा विश्वकप|सन् २०२२ को विश्वकप]] विशेष रूपमा नोभेम्बर र डिसेम्बरमा आयोजना भएपछि, यो प्रतियोगिता पुनः आफ्नो परम्परागत [[उत्तरी गोलार्ध]]को ग्रीष्मकालीन समय तालिकामा फर्किएको छ।

आयोजक राष्ट्रका रूपमा [[क्यानडा राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|क्यानडा]], [[मेक्सिको राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|मेक्सिको]] र [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]] सबै यस प्रतियोगिताका लागि स्वतः छनोट भएका छन्। [[केप भर्ड राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|केप भर्ड]], [[कुरासाओ राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|कुरासाओ]], [[जोर्डन राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|जोर्डन]] र [[उज्बेकिस्तान राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|उज्बेकिस्तान]]ले विश्वकपमा पहिलो पटक प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्नेछन्। [[अर्जेन्टिना राष्ट्रिय फुटबल टोली|अर्जेन्टिना]] साविकको विजेता हो, जसले सन् २०२२ मा आफ्नो तेस्रो विश्वकप उपाधि जितेको थियो।

प्रतियोगिताको तयारीले विवादहरू निम्त्याएको छ, विशेष गरी संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिकाको अध्यागमन र प्रवेशाज्ञा नीतिहरू जसले छनोट भएका टोलीहरू र तिनीहरूका प्रशंसकहरूलाई असर पारेको छ, अमेरिका र [[इजरायल]]सँगको जारी युद्धका बीच [[इरान]]को सहभागिता, र [[फिफा]]द्वारा प्रयोग गरिएको गतिशील टिकट मूल्य निर्धारणलाई लिएर विवाद भएको छ।
==समूह चरण==
प्रतिस्पर्धा गर्ने देशहरूलाई चार टोलीको बाह्र समूहमा विभाजन गरिएको थियो (समूह ए देखि एल)। प्रत्येक समूहका टोलीहरूले राउन्ड-रोबिनमा एकअर्कासँग खेले, जहाँ शीर्ष दुई टोलीहरू नकआउट चरणमा पुगे।
===समूह ए ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group A}}
=== समूह बि ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group B}}
===समूह  सि ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group C}}
===समूह  डि ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group D}}
===समूह इ ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group E}}
===समूह एफ ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group F}}
===समूह जि ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group G}}
===समूह एच ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group H}}
===समूह आइ ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group I}}
===समूह जे ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group J}}
===समूह के ===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group K}}
===समूह एल === 
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|Group L}}
===तेस्रो स्थान===
{{2026 FIFA World Cup group tables|3rd place}}

== नक आउट चरण ==
===ब्राकेट ===
The tournament bracket is shown below, with bold denoting the winners of each match.

&lt;section begin=&quot;Bracket&quot; /&gt;{{#invoke:RoundN|N32
|style=white-space:nowrap|widescore=yes|bold_winner=high|3rdplace=yes
|RD1=अन्तिम ३२
|RD2=अन्तिम १६
|RD3=क्वाटरफाइनल 
|RD4=सेमीफाइनल 
|RD5=फाइनल
|Consol=तेस्रो स्थानको लागी खेल
&lt;!--Date – Place|Team 1|Score 1|Team 2|Score 2--&gt;
&lt;!--Round of 32--&gt;
|June 29 – [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]]|{{#invoke:flag|fb|GER}}||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group A/B/C/D/F|
|June 30 – [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group I||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group C/D/F/G/H|
|June 28 – [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group A||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group B|
|June 29 – [[Guadalupe, Nuevo León|Guadalupe]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group F||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group C|
|July 2 – [[Toronto]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group K||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group L|
|July 2 – [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group H||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group J|
|July 1 – [[Santa Clara, California|Santa Clara]]|{{#invoke:flag|fb|USA}}||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group B/E/F/I/J|
|July 1 – [[Seattle]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group G||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group A/E/H/I/J|
|June 29 – [[Houston]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group C||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group F|
|June 30 – [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group E||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group I|
|June 30 – [[Mexico City]]|{{#invoke:flag|fb|MEX}}||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group C/E/F/H/I|
|July 1 – [[Atlanta]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group L||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group E/H/I/J/K|
|July 3 – [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]]|{{#invoke:flag|fb|ARG}}||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group H|
|July 3 – [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group D||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Runner-up Group G|
|July 2 – [[Vancouver]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group B||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group E/F/G/I/J|
|July 3 – [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Group K||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;3rd Group D/E/I/J/L|
&lt;!--Round of 16--&gt;
|July 4 – [[Philadelphia]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 74||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 77|
|July 4 – [[Houston]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 73||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 75|
|July 6 – [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 83||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 84|
|July 6 – [[Seattle]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 81||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 82|
|July 5 – [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 76||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 78|
|July 5 – [[Mexico City]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 79||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 80|
|July 7 – [[Atlanta]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 86||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 88|
|July 7 – [[Vancouver]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 85||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 87|
&lt;!--Quarterfinals--&gt;
|July 9 – [[Foxborough, Massachusetts|Foxborough]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 89||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 90|
|July 10 – [[Inglewood, California|Inglewood]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 93||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 94|
|July 11 – [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 91||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 92|
|July 11 – [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 95||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 96|
&lt;!--Semifinals--&gt;
|July 14 – [[Arlington, Texas|Arlington]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 97||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 98|
|July 15 – [[Atlanta]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 99||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 100|
&lt;!--Final--&gt;
|July 19 – [[East Rutherford, New Jersey|East Rutherford]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 101||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Winner Match 102|
&lt;!--Match for third place--&gt;
|July 18 – [[Miami Gardens, Florida|Miami Gardens]]|&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Loser Match 101||&lt;!--{{#invoke:flag|fb|}}--&gt;Loser Match 102|
}}&lt;section end=&quot;Bracket&quot; /&gt;

=== फाइनल ===
फाइनल खेल जुलाई १९, २०२६ मा [[न्युयोर्क सहर|न्यूयोर्क शहर]] नजिकै रहेको न्यू जर्सीको पूर्वी रदरफोर्डस्थित मीडोल्याण्ड्स स्पोर्ट्स कम्प्लेक्सको मेटलाइफ स्टेडियममा खेलिने तालिका छ।

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

==बाह्य कडीहरू==
{{Sister project links |wikt=no |c=Category:2026 FIFA World Cup |commonscat= |n=yes |q=yes|s=no |author=no |b=no |v=no |d=yes |voy=yes}}

[[श्रेणी:फिफा विश्वकप प्रतियोगिताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:विकिथन-७ मा बनाइएका वा सुधारिएका लेखहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>dd5vr5l2jdc394w80c3ay1n7hwfw38q</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>वीरभद्र</title>
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      <text bytes="14112" sha1="lqkfbl0zot3z190dde5jtb7x71qteui" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox deity
| type        = हिन्दु
| image       = Virabhadra Daksha.jpg
| caption     = वीरभद्र र [[दक्ष प्रजापति]] 
| name        = 
| god_of      = संहार
| affiliation = [[शिव]] [[अवतार]]
| consort     = [[भद्रकाली]]
}}
{{Saivism}} 
[[चित्र:Veerabhadra.jpg|right|thumb|267x267px| वीरभद्रको एक मूर्ति ]]
'''वीरभद्र''' हिन्दु पौराणिक कथाहरूको एक चरित्र हो  किन्वदन्ति अनुसार उनी [[शिव|शिवका]] एक बहादुर गण थिए, जसले [[शिव]]को आदेशमा [[दक्ष प्रजापति]] को शीर छेदन गरेको थियो ।  

== किंवदन्ती ==

=== उत्पत्ति ===
[[दक्ष प्रजापति|दक्ष]] यज्ञको समयमा शिवकी पत्नी [[सतिदेवी|सती]]ले आत्मदाह गरेपछि शिवले आफ्नो जटाबाट वीरभद्रको सृष्टि गरेका थिए। 

एक पटक दक्ष प्रजापतिले आफ्नो महलमा महायज्ञको आयोजना गरेका थिए। उक्त महायज्ञामा दक्षले आफ्ना सबै छोरीहरू सहित [[नारद]], [[वशिष्ठ]], [[कश्यप]], आदी ऋषिहरूका साथै [[ब्रह्मा]], विष्णु, [[इन्द्र]], [[वरुण]] आदी देवतागणलाई निमन्त्रणा गरे तर सतिदेवी र महादेवलाई निमन्त्रणा गरेनन्। सतिदेवीले दक्ष प्रजापतिको यज्ञामा सहभागी हुनकोलागी जान लागेका देवता र ऋषिहरूलाई देखेर &quot;तपाइँहरू कहाँ र किन जाँदै हुनुहुन्छ&quot; भनेर सोधिन्। यो कुरा सुनेर दक्ष प्रजापतिको यज्ञामा जान लागेका [[देवता]] र ऋषिहरूले दक्ष प्रजापतिले महायज्ञाको आयोजना गरेकोले हामीहरू त्यहाँ जाँदैछौं भनेर उत्तर दिए। यो सुनेर सतिदेवीलाई पनि आफ्नो पिताको महायज्ञामा जाने मन भएकोले आफ्ना पति महादेवसँग अनुमती लिन गइन्। महादेवले सतिको मनसाय बुझेर निम्ता नगरेको ठाउँमा जानु हुन्न भनेर सतिदेवीलाई सम्झाए। सतिदेवीले महादेवको कुरालाई नमानेर आफ्नो पिताको घरमा जानकोलागी पनि के निम्ता चाहियो म जान्छु तपाइँ पनि मेरो साथमा जानु पर्छ भनेर जिद्दी गर्न थालिन्। यसरी सतिले जिद्दी गरेकाले महादेवले सतिलाई तिम्रा पिताले मलाई ठिक मान्दैनन्, तिम्रा पिताको र मेरो कुरा मिल्दैन त्यसैले म त जान्न तिमी जान्छौ भने म तिमीलाई रोक्न सक्दैन तर त्यहाँ गएर तिमी पछुताउने छौ भन्ने उत्तर दिए। यो सुनेर सतिदेवी महादेवलाई छोडेर एक्लै दक्ष प्रजापतिको महायज्ञामा गइन्। त्यहाँ सतिदेवीले आफ्नै सबै बहिनीहरू लगायत सबै देवगणहरू र ऋषिगणहरू उपस्थित भएको देखिन् साथै उनीहरूले आफुलाई विना निमंत्रणाको आएकोले आफ्नो बारेमा नराम्रो कुराहरू गरेको पनि सुनिन्। सतिदेवीले यज्ञामा अरु सबै देवताहरूको भाग लगाएको तर भगवान शिवलाई भाग नलगाएको देखेर आफ्ना पिता दक्ष प्रजापतिलाई अरू सबैलाई निम्ता गरको तर आफुलाई निम्ता नगरेको यज्ञामा सबै देवताहरूको भाग लगाएको तर महादेवको भाग नलाएको कारण सोधिन्। सतिदेवीको कुरा सुनेर दक्ष प्रजापतिले यो यज्ञमा यदी तिमीलाई निम्ता दिएमा तिम्रो पति पनि तिमीसँग नै आफने भएकोला यो यज्ञामा ठुला ठुला ऋषिहरू र देवताहरू बसेको बेला महादेव जस्तो डरलाग्दो मान्छे बस्न नसुहाउने भएकोले हामीले तिमीहरूलाई निम्ता दिएनौ भने। यो यज्ञमा महादेवलाई भाग पाउने अधिकार छैन त्यो त श्मसानवासी, स्त्री लम्पट हो त्यो कुनै देवता होइन भनेर भगवान शिवलाई गाली गर्न थाले। यो सुनेर सतिदेवीलाई असह्य भयो। सतिदेवीले तपाइँबाट प्राप्त भएको यो मेरो शरिर तपाइँको यज्ञशालामा भस्म गर्छु भनेर दक्ष प्रजापतिको यज्ञाकुंडमा हाम फालेर आफ्नो प्राण त्याग गरिन्। &lt;ref name=&quot;स्वस्थानी&quot;&gt;श्री स्वस्थानी ब्रतकथा&lt;/ref&gt; 

यसरी सतिदेवीले आफ्नो प्राण त्याग गरेको समचार भगवान शिवलाई नारद ऋषिले भने। यो समचार सुनेर भगवान शिवले रिसायर आफ्नो एक जटा उखेलेर जमिनमा पट्के त्यो जटाबाट भगवान शिवको क्रोध रुप वीरभद्र उत्पन्न भए। भगवान शिवले वीरभद्रलाई दक्षको यज्ञ तहस नहस पार्न आदेश दिए।

=== दक्ष यज्ञ ===
[[चित्र:Daksha_yagna.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|दक्ष यज्ञ]]
[[स्कन्द पुराण]]मा भनिएको छ कि जब शिवका सेनाहरू दक्ष यज्ञमा अगाडि बढ्न थाले, तब तुरुन्तै अशुभ संकेतहरू देखा पर्न थाले, जसमा रगत र उल्का वर्षाको वर्णन गरिएको थियो। यी घटनाहरूलाई भविष्यसूचक ठानेर, दक्षले विष्णुको सुरक्षा खोजे, विष्णु उनको रक्षा गर्न सहमत भए तर उनले शिवलाई गरेको अनादरको लागि दोषी पनि ठहराए। सेनाहरूमा नवदुर्गा, [[राक्षस]], [[यक्ष]], [[पिशाच]], [[भूत]]हरूको समूह, हजारौं गण, साथै योगिनी र गुह्यकहरू थिए। यी सेनाहरूको नेतृत्व तीन आँखा भएका वीरभद्रले गरेका थिए, जसमा हजार हातहरू थिए, ठूला सर्पहरूले घेरिएका थिए, जसको रथ दुई हजार घोडा र दस लाख सिंहले तानेका थिए। 

इन्द्र र देवताहरूले [[भृगु]]को सहयोगमा गणको आक्रमणको पहिलो लहरलाई परास्त गरेका थिए। क्रोधित भए, वीरभद्रले आफ्नो सेनालाई प्रतिआक्रमणमा जुटाए, र आफ्नो युद्ध-परशु र फलामका गदहरू लिएर, तिनीहरूले देवताहरूको संहार गर्न थाले। ऋषिहरूले [[विष्णु]]लाई आक्रमणकारीहरूबाट यज्ञको रक्षा गर्न बिन्ती गरे, र देवताहरू वीरभद्र विरुद्ध लड्न तयार भए। वीरभद्रले पालनकर्ता विष्णुलाई प्रणाम गरे, त्यहाँबाट पछि हट्न चेतावनी दिए। विष्णु हाँसे र भक्तहरूको रक्षा गर्नु आफ्नो कर्तव्य भएको ब ताए, र वीरभद्रको अस्त्रहरूले पूर्ण भएपछि त्यहाँबाट जाने भने। [[इन्द्र]]ले पनि वीरभद्रलाई चुनौती दिने विचार गरे र उनलाई आफ्नो [[बज्र|वज्र]]ले प्रहार गरे। 

बदलामा, वीरभद्रले इन्द्र र उनको बाहन [[ऐरावत]]लाई निल्ने प्रयास गरे। विष्णुले वीरभद्रलाई आक्रमण गरेर इन्द्रलाई बचाए। उनले अश्विन कुमारको आह्वान गरेर घाइते देवताहरूलाई आफ्नो औषधिले निको पारे । क्रोधित भएर, वीरभद्रले विष्णुलाई झम्टिए। पालनकर्ता विष्णुले आफ्नो सुदर्शन चक्र वीरभद्र विरुद्ध प्रयोग गरे। वीरभद्रले मुख आँ गरेर [[सुदर्शन चक्र]] नै निले। आफ्नो दिव्य चक्र लिएर विष्णु त्यहाँबाट भाग्नुपर्‍यो। विष्णु नै भागेपछि, वीरभद्रलाई रोक्न सक्ने कोही भएनन र ठूलो संहार हुन थाल्यो। यस नरसंहारबाट पनि सन्तुष्ट नभएका वीरभद्रले भृगु र पुषणलाई गाली गर्न थाले। जब उनले डराएका दक्षलाई वेदीमुनि झुकेको देखे, उनले उनको टाउको काटेर उनको टाउको आगोमा चढाइदिए। विचलित [[ब्रह्मा]]ले शिवको सामु गए र रक्तपात अन्त्य गर्न बिन्ती गरे। शिव दक्ष यज्ञमा आइपुगे, वीरभद्रसँग कुरा गरे र दक्षको घाँटीमा कुनै जनावरको टाउको राखेर उनलाई पुनर्जीवित गरे। पुनर्जीवित भएका दक्षले शिवलाई आफ्नो प्रणाम गरे, र लडाइ समाप्त भयो।

== केही प्रसिद्ध मन्दिर ==

* वीरभद्र मन्दिर, लेपाक्षी, [[आन्ध्र प्रदेश]]।
* श्री बयालु वीरभद्र स्वामी, श्रीशैलम, आन्ध्र प्रदेश।
* वीरभद्र मन्दिर, पट्टीसीमा, आन्ध्र प्रदेश।
* श्री वीरेश्वर स्वामी मन्दिर, मुरमल्ला, आन्ध्र प्रदेश
* वीरभद्र मन्दिर, यदुर, [[कर्नाटक]]।  
==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}
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    <title>पृथ्वी जयन्ती</title>
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      <comment>[[Special:Contributions/~2026-24725-45|~2026-24725-45]] ([[User talk:~2026-24725-45|वार्तालाप]])द्वारा [[User:InternetArchiveBot|InternetArchiveBot]]द्वारा गरिएको पछिल्लो संशोधनतर्फ उल्टाइएका सम्पादनहरू</comment>
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      <text bytes="28294" sha1="20e1xu21axedumyb65ipca147lh8u6q" xml:space="preserve">{{संक्षिप्त विवरण|नेपालमा सार्वजनिक बिदाको दिन}}
{{Infobox holiday
|holiday_name  = {{पृष्ठको नाम}}
|image         = Prithvi Jayanti in 2019.jpg
|imagesize     =
|caption       = [[सिंहदरबार]] बाहिर पृथ्वी जयन्तीको एक समारोह
|type          = देशभक्त
|observedby    = [[नेपाल]]
|significance  = राजा [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को जन्मको सम्झनामा
|date          = २७ पुस
|scheduling    = वार्षिक 
|duration      = १ दिन
|frequency     = वार्षिक
|celebrations  =
|observances   =
|relatedto     =
}}

'''पृथ्वी जयन्ती''', जसलाई '''नेपाल एकीकरण दिवस''' वा '''राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस''' पनि भनिन्छ, [[नेपालको एकीकरण|अखण्ड नेपाल]]का पहिलो राजा [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को जन्मको सम्झनामा हरेक वर्ष पुस २७ गते मनाइने एक दिवस हो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author= |title=पृथ्वी जयन्ती / राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस|url=https://www.hamropatro.com/posts/articles-events/articles-events-prithibi-jayanti|website=[[हाम्रो पात्रो]]|language=नेपाली|accessdate=१५ मङ्सिर २०७९}}&lt;/ref&gt;  १८औँ शताब्दीको मध्यतिर पृथ्वीनारायण शाहले स–साना राज्यहरूलाई एकीकरण गर्ने प्रयास गरेका थिए जसले अहिलेको नेपाल बनेको थियो। यस अवसरमा धेरैले शाहको शालिकमा माल्यार्पण गर्ने, परेडमा सहभागी हुने र नेपालका लागि उनले पुर्‍याएको योगदानको स्मरण गर्ने गर्दछन्। वि.सं २००४ देखि वि.सं २०६२ सम्म पृथ्वी जयन्तीको उन्मूलन नहुञ्जेलसम्म सार्वजनिक बिदाको रूपमा मनाइँदै आएको थियो। [[गोरखा जिल्ला|गोरखा]] र [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]का केही [[नेपालका स्थानीय तहहरू|स्थानीय तह]]ले पृथ्वी जयन्तीमा सार्वजनिक बिदा दिने गरेका छन्। यसलाई सार्वजनिक बिदाका रूपमा पुनःस्थापित गर्न पनि माग गरिएको छ। [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]] नेतृत्वको [[नेपाल सरकार]]ले [[पृथ्वी जयन्ती]]को अवसरमा [[विक्रम सम्वत्]] २०७९ सालमा  सार्वजनिक विदा दिएको थियो।
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=पृथ्वी जयन्ती मनाउन २७ पुसमा सार्वजनिक बिदा|url=https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/104636/2023-01-09|website=नयाँ पत्रिका|language=नेपाली|accessdate=१५ मङ्सिर २०७९}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110172247/https://nayapatrikadaily.com/news-details/104636/2023-01-09 |date=2023-01-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== इतिहास ==
=== एकीकरण ===
{{मुख्य|नेपालको एकीकरण}}

अठारौँ शताब्दीको मध्यतिर [[गोरखा राज्य]]का राजा [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]ले स–साना राज्यहरूलाई एकीकरण गर्ने प्रयास गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mulmi|first=Amish Raj|date=12 May 2017|title=The Nepal-Sikh Alliance That Could Have Changed History|url=https://thewire.in/books/nepal-sikh-alliance-india-british-raj|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2021|website=The Wire|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216125717/https://thewire.in/books/nepal-sikh-alliance-india-british-raj}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[नुवाकोटको युद्ध]]मा विजय प्राप्त गरेपछि उनी काठमाडौँ उपत्यका तर्फ लागेका थिए, जहाँ तीन मल्ल राज्यहरू भक्तपुर, पाटन र कान्तिपुरले शासन गरिरहेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Shrestha&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Shrestha|first1=D. B.|url=http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/rarebooks/downloads/History_Ancient_Medieval_Nepal.pdf|title=The History of Ancient and Medieval Nepal in a Nutshell: With Some Comparative Traces of Foreign History|last2=Singh|first2=C. B.|date=1972|pages=91–92|publisher=HMG Press|language=en|access-date=21 December 2021|archive-date=30 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730050415/http://himalaya.socanth.cam.ac.uk/collections/rarebooks/downloads/History_Ancient_Medieval_Nepal.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; शाह [[कीर्तिपुर नगरपालिका|कीर्तिपुर]] सहरलाई लिएर पाटन राज्यसँग युद्धमा होमिएका थिए र वि.सं १८२३ मा यो सहर गोरखालीको हातमा परेको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;Shrestha&quot; /&gt;  यसले कान्तिपुरलाई खतरा उत्पन्न गरेको थियो, पछि कान्तिपुरका राजा [[जयप्रकाश मल्ल]]ले गोरखाको तीव्र विस्तार रोक्न [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी]]सँग सहयोगको अनुरोध गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;Shrestha&quot; /&gt; 

पछि शाहले [[तिब्बत]] र [[चीन]]सँगको [[इस्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी|इष्ट इन्डिया कम्पनी]]को हिमालयपार व्यापारमा असर पार्ने गरी राज्यमाथि नाकाबन्दी पनि लगाएका थिए किनभने उनीहरूले कान्तिपुर हुँदै जाने बाटो प्रयोग गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Basnyat|first=Prem Singh|date=18 August 2019|title=The battle of Sindhuli|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/72404/|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2021|website=My Republica|language=en|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216140136/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/72404/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216140136/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/72404/ |date=16 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  कम्पनीले उक्त अनुरोध स्वीकार गर्दै क्याप्टेन किनलोकलाई पठाएको थियो जसले वि.सं १८२३ मा सिन्धुलीको युद्धमा पृथ्वीनारायण शाहका सेनासँग सामना गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Bell|first=Thomas|date=21 December 2012|title=Diary of a disastrous campaign|url=https://www.himalmag.com/diary-disastrous-campaign/|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2021|website=Himal Southasian|language=en-GB|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216143034/https://www.himalmag.com/diary-disastrous-campaign/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  यो युद्ध कम्पनीका लागि विनाशकारी साबित भएको थियो, किनलोक सहित उनका लगभग २४,००० सैनिकहरू मध्ये लगभग ८०० सैनिकहरूसँग भागेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; यसपछि शाहले उपत्यका विजय गर्न सफल भएका थिए र १८२५ असोज १३ मा आफूलाई [[नेपालका राजाहरूको सूची|नेपालको राजा]]को रूपमा घोषणा गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Lal|first=CK|date=14 September 2021|title=Six years of ethnonational upsurge|url=https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2021/09/14/six-years-of-ethnonational-upsurge|url-status=live|access-date=16 December 2021|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216145146/https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2021/09/14/six-years-of-ethnonational-upsurge}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को मृत्युपछि राजकुमार [[बहादुर शाह]], [[रानी राजेन्द्र लक्ष्मी]] र [[भीमसेन थापा]]ले नेपाल एकीकरण अभियानलाई निरन्तरता दिएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bādala|first=Bheshajaṅga|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9I6OAAAAMAAJ|title=The King Versus the People|date=1997|publisher=Nepal Tiger Publications|pages=2|language=en|access-date=21 December 2021|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216151347/https://books.google.com/books?id=9I6OAAAAMAAJ&amp;newbks=0|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Adhikari|first=Indra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CVLeCQAAQBAJ|title=Military and Democracy in Nepal|date=12 June 2015|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-317-58906-8|pages=58|language=en|access-date=21 December 2021|archive-date=7 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207211547/https://books.google.com/books?id=CVLeCQAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[नेपाल अधिराज्य]] पश्चिममा सतलज नदीदेखि पूर्वमा [[टिस्टा नदी]]सम्म फैलिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bhattarai|first=Krishna P.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-aArqOqBGBQC|title=Nepal|date=2009|publisher=Infobase Publishing|isbn=978-1-4381-0523-9|pages=113|language=en|access-date=21 December 2021|archive-date=16 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216151339/https://books.google.com/books?id=-aArqOqBGBQC&amp;newbks=0|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== समकालीन ==
[[File:Prithvi Narayan Shah 1960.jpg|thumb|[[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को चित्र]]
पृथ्वी जयन्तीलाई नेपाल एकता दिवस (राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस) वा राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवसका रूपमा पनि चिनिन्छ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mulmi|first=Amish Raj|date=21 January 2021|title=Who gets to write our history?|url=https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2021/01/21/who-gets-to-write-our-history|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221162116/https://kathmandupost.com/columns/2021/01/21/who-gets-to-write-our-history}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Hyolmo|first=Kunga|date=12 January 2020|title=298th Prithvi Jayanti observed across the country (with photos)|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/84258/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124164920/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/84258/|archive-date=24 November 2020|access-date=12 January 2021|website=My Republica|language=en}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124164920/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/84258/ |date=24 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.सं २००४ देखि पृथ्वी जयन्तीलाई परम्परागत रूपमा सार्वजनिक बिदाको रूपमा मनाइन्थ्यो, तर [[नेपालको जनआन्दोलन २०६३|२०६२/६३ को जनआन्दोलन]] पछि यसलाई उन्मुलन गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Acharya|first=Rupesh|date=11 January 2017|title=Govt urged to declare Paush 27 public holiday|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/government-urged-to-declare-paush-27-public-holiday|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221154549/https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/government-urged-to-declare-paush-27-public-holiday}}&lt;/ref&gt;  वि.सं २०७७ सालमा, [[गोरखा नगरपालिका]]का प्रमुखले [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को सम्झना र सम्मान गर्न र उनको सम्झनामा दिवस मनाउन पृथ्वी जयन्तीलाई नगरपालिकामा सार्वजनिक बिदाको रूपमा घोषणा गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;  [[गोरखा जिल्ला]]मा [[पालुङटार नगरपालिका]], [[अजिरकोट गाउँपालिका]], सिरानचोक गाउँपालिका र [[भीमसेनथापा गाउँपालिका|भीमसेन थापा गाउँपालिका]] लगायत अन्य नगरपालिकाहरूले पनि यस दिनलाई सार्वजनिक बिदाको रूपमा घोषणा गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sapkota|first=Narahari|date=17 December 2019|title=Gorkha Municipality declares public holiday on Prithvi Jayanti|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/81947/|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=My Republica|language=en|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171510/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/81947/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171510/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/81947/ |date=21 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; अर्को वर्ष [[नुवाकोट जिल्ला]]को राजधानी [[विदुर नगरपालिका]]ले पनि यसलाई सार्वजनिक बिदाको रूपमा घोषणा गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Bidur municipality announces public holiday on Prithvi Jayanti|work=Khabarhub|url=https://english.khabarhub.com/2020/08/67260/|access-date=21 December 2021|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221154628/https://english.khabarhub.com/2020/08/67260/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वी जयन्तीलाई सार्वजनिक बिदा दिन केही नेपाली नागरिकहरू, विशेष गरी राजशाही पक्षधरहरूबाट दबाब रहेको छ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=11 January 2019|title='Prithvi Narayan Shah's contribution should be analysed: Karnali CM Shahi|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/prithvi-narayan-shahs-contribution-should-be-analysed-karnali-chief-minister-mahendra-bahadur-shahi|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221155305/https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/prithvi-narayan-shahs-contribution-should-be-analysed-karnali-chief-minister-mahendra-bahadur-shahi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ram Rimal|first=Tilak|date=10 January 2017|title=Nepal wouldn't exist if there wasn't Prithvi Narayan: Dahal|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepal-would-vanish-if-there-wasnt-prithvi-narayan-says-dahal|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221155236/https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/nepal-would-vanish-if-there-wasnt-prithvi-narayan-says-dahal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

वि.सं २०७८ मा [[सिंहदरबार]] बाहिर निषेधित क्षेत्रमा रहेको [[पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]को शालिकमा माल्यार्पण गर्न खोज्दा [[नेपाल प्रहरी]] र राजतन्त्र पक्षधर समर्थकबीच झडप भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sen|first=Sandeep|date=12 January 2021|title=Police, pro-monarchy activists clash|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/police-pro-monarchy-activists-clash|access-date=21 December 2021|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en|archive-date=3 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303125456/https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/police-pro-monarchy-activists-clash|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Supporters of monarchy and police clash in front of Singha Durbar|url=https://kathmandupost.com/visual-stories/2021/01/11/supporters-of-monarchy-and-police-clash-in-front-of-singha-durbar|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112113809/https://kathmandupost.com/visual-stories/2021/01/11/supporters-of-monarchy-and-police-clash-in-front-of-singha-durbar|archive-date=12 January 2021|access-date=12 January 2021|website=The Kathmandu Post|language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वी जयन्ती मनाउने विषयमा मानिसहरू विभाजित भएको पाइन्छ। पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको [[नेपालको एकीकरण|एकीकरण अभियान]] नभएको भए नेपाल ब्रिटिस साम्राज्यको उपनिवेश हुने थियो भन्ने कतिपयको धारणा रहेको छ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sundas|first=Binayak|date=14 January 2021|title=Why national unification day and Prithvi Narayan Shah should not be celebrated|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/103283/|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=My Republica|language=en|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171545/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/103283/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221171545/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/103283/ |date=21 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; वि.सं २०७९ मा [[राष्ट्रिय प्रजातन्त्र पार्टी]]का अध्यक्ष [[राजेन्द्रप्रसाद लिङ्देन|राजेन्द्र लिङ्देन]]ले प्रधानमन्त्री [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]लाई पृथ्वी जयन्तीमा सार्वजनिक बिदा दिन माग गर्दै ज्ञापनपत्र पठाएका थिए&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|title=RPP Chairman Lingden warns of nationwide protest if a public holiday is not declared on Prithvi Jayanti|url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/rpp-chairman-lingden-warns-of-nationwide-protest-if-a-public-holiday-is-not-declared-on-prithvi-jayanti/|url-status=live|access-date=6 January 2022|website=Republica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; र उनीहरूको आग्रह पूरा नभए देशव्यापी आन्दोलन गर्ने पनि पार्टीले जनाएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; [[विवेकशील साझा पार्टी]]ले पनि पृथ्वी जयन्तीलाई नेपाल दिवसका रूपमा मनाउनुपर्ने भन्दै यसलाई सार्वजनिक बिदा घोषणा गर्नुपर्नेमा जोड दिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|title=Bibeksheel Sajha demands govt declare Prithvi Jayanti as Nepal Day|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/122379/|url-status=live|access-date=6 January 2022|website=My Republica|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=October 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपाल सरकारले २०७९ पुस २७ गते पृथ्वी जयन्तीको अवसरमा सार्वजनिक बिदा दिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=भोलि पृथ्वी जयन्ती, सरकारले दियो सार्वजनिक बिदा|url=https://narayanionline.com/2023/01/10/227080/|website=नारायणी अनलाइन|language=नेपाली|accessdate=१५ मङ्सिर २०७९}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230110172238/https://narayanionline.com/2023/01/10/227080/ |date=2023-01-10 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== समारोह ==

पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको जन्म विक्रम संवत् २७ पौष १७७९ मा [[गोरखा दरबार]]मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|first=बाबुराम|last=आचार्य|title=श्री ५ बडामहाराजाधिराज पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको संक्षिप्त जीवनी - भाग १  |page=४२|language=नेपाली}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको स्मरणका यो दिवस मनाउने गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|लेखक=|शीर्षक=योगी नरहरीनाथका दुर्लभ पुस्तक प्रदर्शनीमा राखिँदै|युआरएल=https://www.prasashan.com/2018/01/11/52650/|कार्य=|प्रकाशक=|वेबसाइट=प्रशासन|भाषा=नेपाली)|अभिलेखमिति=|अभिलेखयुआरएल=|मिति=|पहुँचमिति=१४ फेब्रुअरी २०२१}}&lt;/ref&gt; पृथ्वी जयन्तीको अवसरमा प्रधानसेनापति, [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति]] र प्रधानमन्त्री, नेपाली नागरिक लगायत उच्च अधिकारीहरूले शाहको योगदानलाई स्मरण गर्दछन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Actor Manisha Koirala, former DIG Kharel urge one and all to celebrate 299th birth anniversary of Prithvi Narayan Shah in a grand manner|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/102719/|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=My Republica|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221172026/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/102719/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221172026/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/102719/ |date=21 December 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prithvi Jayanti, National Unification Day celebrated with national significance|url=https://en.setopati.com/uncategorized/114843/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112115039/https://en.setopati.com/uncategorized/114843|archive-date=12 January 2021|access-date=12 January 2021|website=सेतोपाटी}}&lt;/ref&gt;  परेडमा भाग लिने मानिसहरूले पृथ्वीनारायण शाहको प्रशंसा गर्दै नारा लगाउँछन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=4 January 2017|title=RPP to host reception on Prithvi Jayanti|url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/rpp-to-host-reception-on-prithvi-jayanti|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=The Himalayan Times|language=en|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221160201/https://thehimalayantimes.com/kathmandu/rpp-to-host-reception-on-prithvi-jayanti}}&lt;/ref&gt;  शाहको शिक्षाहरूको सङ्ग्रह [[दिव्योपदेश]]बाट उद्धरणहरू पनि व्यक्त गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nepal Army personnel trekking Prithvi Narayan Shah's unification trail|url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepal-army-personnel-trekking-prithvi-narayan-shahs-unification-trail.html|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=अनलाइन खबर|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-date=21 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221155909/https://english.onlinekhabar.com/nepal-army-personnel-trekking-prithvi-narayan-shahs-unification-trail.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Unification torch rally to be organized along historic route used by Gorkhali troops|url=http://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/83288/|url-status=live|access-date=21 December 2021|website=My Republica|language=अङ्ग्रेजी|archive-date=19 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119063511/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/83288/}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119063511/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/83288/ |date=19 January 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt; नेपालभरि शाहका मूर्तिहरूमा माल्यार्पण गरिन्छ। [[नेपाली सेना]]ले गोरखामा शाहको जन्मस्थानबाट एकीकरण मशाल र्‍यालीको आयोजना गर्दछ र यो २७ पुसमा राजधानी [[काठमाडौँ]]मा पुगेर समापन हुन्छ। अन्य कार्यक्रमहरू पनि नेपालभरि आयोजना गरिन्छ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}
{{पृथ्वीनारायण शाह}}
==बाह्य कडीहरू==
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WAZpfqSa0J4 पृथ्वी जयन्ती र राष्ट्रिय एकता दिवस २०७७] [[युट्युब]]मा

[[श्रेणी:नेपालमा सार्वजनिक बिदाका दिनहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको एकीकरण]]
[[श्रेणी:नेपालको औपनिवेशिक इतिहास]]
[[श्रेणी:दिवसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:पृथ्वीनारायण शाह]]</text>
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        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
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      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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| image              = Zara Larsson Midnight Sun European Tour (cropped).jpg
| caption            = १७ सेप्टेम्बर २०१९ मा, प्रस्तुति दिँदै लारसन
| birth_name         = सरा मेरी लारसन&lt;ref name=&quot;ISWC&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://iswcnet.cisac.org/MWI/result/list.do?pageNumber=1&amp;localEngineCode=999|title=Your query : Creator's Name begins with LARSSON ZARA on any territories (Domestic works)|website=[[International Standard Musical Work Code|ISWC]]|access-date=October 7, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1997|12|16}}
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| website = {{URL|zaralarssonofficial.com}}&lt;br/&gt;{{URL|zaralarsson.se}}}}
}}

'''सरा मेरी लारसन'''&lt;ref name=&quot;ISWC&quot;/&gt; ({{IPA-sv|ˈsɑ̂ːra ˈlɑ̌ːʂɔn|lang|sv-Zara Larsson.ogg}}; जन्म १६ डिसेम्बर १९९७) एक [[स्विडेन|स्विडेनी]] गायिक तथा [[गीतकार]] हुन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.dn.se/sthlm/zara-larsson-jag-ska-vara-miljardar-innan-jag-ar-25/|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson: Jag ska vara miljardär innan jag är 25 - DN.SE|date=२५ मे २०१५|utgivare=|पहुँचमिति=१३ मार्च २०१७}}&lt;/ref&gt; दश वर्षको उमेरमा लारसनले स्विडेनबाट एक राष्ट्रिय पुरस्कार पनि प्राप्त गरेकी थिइन् भने उनले ब्रिटेन्स गट ट्यालेन्टको एक स्विडेनी संस्करण [[:sv:Talang (TV-serie)|तलाङ]] जित्दै उक्त उपाधि हात पारेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.metro.se/fraga-mig/zara-jag-hade-blojor-tills-jag-var-sju/EVHoef!nMbqFbQebk4EE/ Jag hade blöjor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160630041325/http://www.metro.se/fraga-mig/zara-jag-hade-blojor-tills-jag-var-sju/EVHoef!nMbqFbQebk4EE/ |date=2016-06-30 }}, Metro, 7 maj 2015।&lt;/ref&gt; त्यसको चार वर्ष पछि सन् २०१२ मा लारसनले टेन म्युजिक रेकर्ड लेबलसँग आवद्ध पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गर्दै सन् २०१३ मा उनले आफ्नो पहिलो गिती सङ्ग्रहको रूपमा &quot;अनकभर&quot; सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्। उक्त गिती सङ्ग्रह स्विडेन र डेनमार्क र [[नर्वे]]का आधिकारिक तालिकाहरूमा शीर्ष स्थानमा आउन सफल भएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;swedishcharts1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Zara+Larsson&amp;titel=Uncover&amp;cat=s|title=Swedish chart – zara larsson
uncover|work=स्विडेनी साङ्गीतिक तालिका|accessdate=19 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१३ फेब्रुअरीमा उक्त गिती सङ्ग्रहले युनिभर्सल स्भारिया मार्फत प्लेटिनम प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्राप्त गरेको थियो। जुलाई २०१३ मा उक्त गिती सङ्ग्रहलाई स्विडेनको आधिकारिक साङ्गीतिक तालिका कम्पनीले ३× प्लेटिनम प्रमाणपत्र प्रदान गरेको थियो। सन् २०१३ अप्रिल महिनामा लारसनले अमेरिकाको एपिक रेकर्डसँग तीन वर्षे आवद्ध पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेकी थिइन्। सन् २०१६ मा फ्रान्समा आयोजना गरिएको [[युइएफए युरो २०१६|युइएफए युरो]]मा लारसनले सुरुवाती र समाप्तिका दिन केही गीतहरूको प्रस्तुति दिएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=​फोटोमा हेर्नुस् युरो २०१६ को ओपनिङ सेरेमोनी|url=https://pahilopost.com/index.php/content/-17510.html|website=|language=नेपाली|publisher=पहिलो पोस्ट|मिति=|accessdate=२३ अक्टोबर २०२०}}&lt;/ref&gt;

पहिलो गिती सङ्ग्रह सार्वजनिक भएको चार वर्ष पछि लारसनले १७ मार्च २०१७ मा &quot;सो गुड&quot; नामक अर्को गिती सङ्ग्रह विश्वव्यापी रूपमा सार्वजनिक गराएकी थिइन् जुन संयुक्त अधिराज्यको आधिकारिक साङ्गीतिक तालिका कम्पनीमा शीर्ष ७ मा आउन सफल भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | title=Zara Larsson | url=http://www.tv4.se/1.1361927/2009/11/27/zara_larsson | publisher=TV4 | language=स्विडेनी | date=27 de novembro de 2009 | accessdate=16 de maio de 2010 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815065021/http://www.tv4.se/1.1361927/2009/11/27/zara_larsson |date=2010-08-15 }}&lt;/ref&gt; यस गिती सङ्ग्रहमा आठ एकल गीतहरू समावेश गरिएको छ जसमा &quot;लस्ट लाइफ&quot;, नेभर फरगेट यु&quot;, [[एन्ट माई फल्ट]]&quot;, आइ उड लाइक&quot;, &quot;सो गुड&quot;, डन्ट लेट मि बि योर्स&quot; र &quot;सिम्फोनी&quot; गीत उनले [[क्लिन बान्डिट]]सँग साझेदारी गर्दै सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्। उनको यस गिती सङ्ग्रहमा रहेका लगभग सबै गीतहरू संयुक अधिराज्यको आधिकारिक तालिका कम्पनीमा शीर्ष १५ भित्र परेका छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.aftonkuriren.se/?p=64236|title=Robin Stjernberg och Zara Larsson heta artister på Sommarkrysset|last=Holmberg|first=Joakim|work=Aftonkuriren|date=7 de julho de 2013|accessdate=30 de julho de 2013|language=स्विडेनी|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331090744/http://www.aftonkuriren.se/?p=64236|archivedate=31 de março de 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331090744/http://www.aftonkuriren.se/?p=64236 |date=2016-03-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;नेभर फरगेट यु&quot; बोलको गीत अमेरिकी [[बिलबोर्ड हट १००]] चार्टको १३अौँ स्थानमा आउन सफल भएको थियो र त्यस्तैगरि &quot;[[सिम्फोनी (क्लिन बान्डिटको गीत)|सिम्फोनी]]&quot; संयुक्त अधिराज्यको तालिकाका केही हप्ताका लागि शीर्ष स्थानमा रहेको थियो जुन लरसनको शीर्ष स्थानमा आउने पहिलो गीत थियो।

== बाल्यकाल ==
लारसन स्विडेनको [[स्टकहोम]] स्थित कार्लोन्सकी विश्वविद्यालय अस्पतालमा जन्मिएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://fokus.dn.se/zara-larsson/|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson – artonåringen som nobbade Justin Bieber|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|मिति=1 April 2016|वेबसाइट=डेगन्स नाइहिटर|पहुँचमिति=23 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Svenska Dagbladet&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.svd.se/zara-larsson-nar-hatvagen-kom-ville-jag-lamna-sverige|शीर्षक=सरा लारसन: När hatvågen kom ville jag lämna Sverige|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|वेबसाइट=|पहुँचमिति=23 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; एक अन्तरबार्ता उनले बताइनकी उनी जन्मिएको बेलामा न्युकल कोर्डबाट अक्सिजनका अभावले भएका कारण उनीलाई मरेको शिशु भनिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.spin.com/2016/05/hanna-and-andrea-always-on-my-mind-new-song-zara-larsson-stream/|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson’s Sister Starts a Band, Hanna &amp; Andrea, With Very Good Debut Single|अन्तिम=क्यार्ली|प्रथम=ब्रिनेन|मिति=26 May 2016|वेबसाइट=Spin|पहुँचमिति=27 May 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; लारसनको एक बहिन छन् जो पनि एक गायिका हुन् र एक सङ्गीत समूहको हन्ना र एन्ड्राकी सदस्य हुन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;Standard.co.uk&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.standard.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/zara-larsson-i-want-people-to-look-at-me-all-the-time-a3207041.html |शीर्षक=Zara Larsson: I want people to look at me all the time |अन्तिम=स्मिथ|प्रथम=डेभिड|मिति=18 March 2016|वेबसाइट=स्ट्याण्डर्ड|पहुँचमिति=8 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

सन् २०१५ को एक अन्तरबार्तामा लारसनले बताइनकी उनलाई एडल्फ फेड्रिम सङ्गीत विद्यालयमा गायिकाको रूपमा आउन आह्वानमा गरिएकी थियो तर त्यहाँ भजनमण्डलीसँग गीत गाउन पर्ने भएकाले उनले उक्त प्रस्तावलाई अस्वीकार गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.dn.se/sthlm/zara-larsson-jag-ska-vara-miljardar-innan-jag-ar-25/|शीर्षक=सरा लारसन: Jag ska vara miljardär innan jag är 2|लेखक=|प्रथम=|मिति=15 May 2015|कार्य=डेगन्स नाइहिटर|भाषा=स्विडेनी|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305220243/http://www.dn.se/sthlm/zara-larsson-jag-ska-vara-miljardar-innan-jag-ar-25/|अभिलेखमिति=5 March 2016no|पहुँचमिति=11 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.dn.se/sthlm/zara-larsson-jag-ska-vara-miljardar-innan-jag-ar-25/ |शीर्षक=Zara Larsson: Jag ska vara miljardär innan jag är 25 |मिति=15 May 2015|वेबसाइट=डेगन्स नाइहिटर  |पहुँचमिति=8 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== साङ्गीतिक कार्यजीवन ==
=== सन् २००८-२०११: सुरुवात ===
[[File:Zara Larsson Uppträder På Sommarkrysset 2008 By Daniel Åhs Karlsson (2).jpg|thumb|left|सन् २००८ मा लारसन]]
लारसनले १० वर्षको उमेरमै, सन् २००८ को तलाङ (गट ट्यालेन्टको स्विडेनी संस्करण) को विजेता बन्दै ५ लाख क्रोना हात पारेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.stereogum.com/1882400/make-way-for-zara-larsson-swedens-latest-weapons-grade-pop-export/franchises/the-week-in-pop/|शीर्षक=Make Way For Zara Larsson, Sweden’s Latest Weapons-Grade Pop Export|मिति=16 June 2016|समाचारपत्र=Stereogum|पहुँचमिति=19 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
माइ हर्ट विल गो अन (अनुवादित शीर्षक:मेरो हृदय निरन्तर जानेछ), नामक [[सेलिन डियोन]]को गीतलाई उनले फाइनलमा गाएकी थिइन्&lt;ref name=tv4&gt;{{वेब स्रोत | शीर्षक=Zara Larsson | युआरएल=http://www.tv4.se/1.1361927/2009/11/27/zara_larsson | प्रकाशक=TV4 | भाषा=स्विडेनी | मिति=27 November 2009 | पहुँचमिति=16 May 2010 | अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20100815065021/http://www.tv4.se/1.1361927/2009/11/27/zara_larsson | अभिलेखमिति=15 August 2010| df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|प्रथम=Mattias|अन्तिम=Bergqvist|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson, 11: &quot;Vill bli en legend&quot;|युआरएल=http://www.expressen.se/noje/tvsajten/1.1799542/zara-larsson-11-vill-bli-en-legend|कार्य=Expressen|भाषा=स्विडेनी|मिति=1 December 2009|पहुँचमिति=16 May 2010|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20100205061714/http://www.expressen.se/noje/tvsajten/1.1799542/zara-larsson-11-vill-bli-en-legend|अभिलेखमिति=5 February 2010|युआरएलस्थिति=मृत|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; जुन पछि उक्त वर्ष लारसनको पहिलो एकल प्रस्तुतिको रूपमा प्रकाशित भएको थियो। गीत आधिकारिक स्विडेनी एकल सङ्गीत तालिका, &quot;स्भारियातपलिस्तान&quot;मा शीर्ष स्थानमा ६ हप्तासम्म रहेको थियो र एक हप्ताको लागि सातौँ स्थानमा सम्मिलित थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |युआरएल=https://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Zara&amp;titel=My+Heart+Will+Go+On&amp;cat=s |शीर्षक=ZARA - MY HEART WILL GO ON (låt) |प्रकाशक=Sverigetopplistan|भाषा=स्विडेनी |पहुँचमिति=2019-12-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

डिसेम्बर २००९ र जनवरी २०१० बीच, सराले
'''याग स्का बिल ख्वाएना''' ({{भाषा-स्विडेनी|ska bli stjärna}}) (अनुवादित शीर्षक: म एक तारा बन्नेछु) नामक एक गायन कार्यक्रमको शृखलामा भाग लिएकी थिइन् जहाँ उनी र अन्य स्विडेनी युवा प्रतिभाहरूले अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय ख्याति र सफलताको कठिन मार्गमा सहयोग प्राप्त गरेका थिए। उनलाई लाइला बागेले प्रबन्ध गरेकी थिइन् र  उनीहरू लस एन्जलस पुगेका थिए जहाँ उनीहरूको डिज्नी सहित युनिभर्सल सङ्गीत, सोनी र वर्नर साङ्गीत समूहसँग वार्ता गरेका थिए  तथापि, उनले कुनै कम्पनीहरूसँग सम्झौता प्राप्त गर्न असमर्थ रहेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;2015 summer speech&quot; /&gt;

=== सन् २०१३-२०१४ थप सफलता ===
[[File:Zara Larsson Uppträder På Sommarkrysset 2013 By Daniel Åhs Karlsson (2).jpg|thumb|right|सन् २०१३ मा लारसन गीत गाउँदै]]
लारसनले सन् २०१२ मा अमेरिकी रेकर्ड लेबल टेन म्युजिक रेकर्ड ग्रुपसँग आवद्ध पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.expressen.se/noje/zara-larsson---introducing/|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson predstaviť|समाचारपत्र=एक्सप्रेसिन|भाषा=स्लोभाकी|पहुँचमिति=19 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SWE&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Zara+Larsson|शीर्षक=Zara larsson album|प्रकाशक=स्वीडिस चार्ट/}}&lt;/ref&gt; लारसनको एक गीत २१ जनवरी २०१३ मा युट्युब मार्फत सार्वजनिक भएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;NOR&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://norwegiancharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Zara+Larsson|शीर्षक=Zara larsson|प्रकाशक=नर्वेजियन चार्ट}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;den&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत | युआरएल=http://danishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Zara+Larsson | शीर्षक=Zara larsson's album | कार्य=danishcharts.com | प्रकाशक=हङ्ग मिडन |पहुँचमिति=24 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको पहिलो गिती सङ्ग्रहमा २१ जनवरी २०१३ मा सार्वजनिक भएको थियो जसमा ५ गीतहरू समावेश गरिएको थियो जसमा &quot;अनकभर&quot; नामक गीत गिती सङ्ग्रहको नेतृत्व एकलको रूपमा सार्वजनिक भएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;UMS Platinum&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/pressroom/universalmusic/pressrelease/view/zara-larsson-saeljer-platina-839859|शीर्षक=Zara larsson|प्रकाशक=युनिभर्सल सङ्गीत स्विडेन|भाषा=स्विडेनी|मिति=25 February 2013|पहुँचमिति=26 February 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस गीतले डिजिलिस्टा र स्भारियातप-लिस्तान तालिकामा शीर्ष स्थानमा आउन सफल भएको थियो भने नर्वे र डेनमार्कको आधिकारिक तालिकामा पनि शीर्ष स्थानमा आएक‍ो थियो। २५ फेब्रुअरी २०१३ मा यस गीतलाई युनिभर्सल म्युजिक स्विडेनद्वारा प्लेटिनम प्रमाणपत्र प्रदान गरिएको थियो। &lt;ref name=&quot;Introducing certified triple platinum&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.aftonkuriren.se/?p=64236|शीर्षक=Robin Stjernberg och Zara Larsson heta artister på Sommarkrysset|अन्तिम=होल्मबर्ग|प्रथम=जोकिम |कार्य=Aftonkuriren|मिति=7 July 2013|पहुँचमिति=30 July 2013|भाषा=स्वीडिस}}&lt;/ref&gt;

२७ मार्च २०१३ मा लारसनको अर्को गीत &quot;सिइज नट मि&quot; सार्वजनिक गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;Next EP album YouTube&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Zara larsson – She is not me |युआरएल=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DOvI-M6Iw_I|माध्यम=[[युट्युब]]|मिति=27 March 2013|पहुँचमिति=27 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ३ अप्रिल २०१३ मा लारसनले अमेरिकी रेकर्ड लेबल एपिक रेकर्डससँग आवद्ध पत्रमा हस्ताक्षर गरेकी कुरा आफ्नो ब्लग मार्फत सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;Allow Me To Reintroduce Myself release मिति&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Zara larsson – ''She is not me''|युआरएल=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/pressroom/universalmusic/pressrelease/view/zara-larsson-she-s-not-me-880003|प्रकाशक=युनिभर्सल सङ्गीत समूह|भाषा=स्विडेनी|मिति=25 June 2013|पहुँचमिति=27 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ११ डिसेम्बर २०१३ मा लारसनले नोबेल शान्ति पुरस्कारमा आयोजना गरिएको एक साङ्गीतिक कार्यक्रममा प्रस्तुति दिएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;Signed with Epic&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=आईएम सो लक्की|युआरएल=http://zarish.blogg.se/2013/april/im-so-lucky.html|प्रकाशक=ब्लग|भाषा=स्वीडिस|मिति=3 April 2013|पहुँचमिति=27 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;3-year contract with Epic&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |युआरएल=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/article16748824.ab |शीर्षक=सरा लारसन |कार्य= |अन्तिम=साल |प्रथम=जोना |भाषा=स्विडेनी |मिति=10 May 2013 |पहुँचमिति=11 June 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; १ अक्टोबर २०१४ मा लारसनले उनको पहिलो एल्बम सार्वजनिक गरिकी थिइन् जसमा &quot;अनकभर&quot;, &quot;ब्याड ब्वाइज&quot; र &quot;सिज नट मि&quot; गीतहरू समावेश गरिएको थियोे।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.mynewsdesk.com/se/pressreleases/zara-larsson-medverkar-i-prestigefyllda-the-nobel-peace-prize-concert-11-december-926095|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson medverkar i prestigefyllda The Nobel Peace Prize Concert 11 december.|मिति=7 November 2013|कार्य=माईन्युनडिस्क|पहुँचमिति=12 December 2017|भाषा=}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनको पहिलो गिती सङ्ग्रह &quot;१&quot;ले स्विडेनको आधिकारिक साङ्गीतिक तालिका कम्पनी मार्फत प्लेटिनम प्रमाणपत्र प्राप्त गरेको थियो।&lt;ref name=posh24&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |युआरएल=http://www.posh24.se/heta_nyheter/svenska_zara_larsson_turnerar_i_usa_med_cher_lloyd |शीर्षक=Zara larsson and Cher |कार्य=पोश २४ |भाषा=स्विडेनी |मिति=27 August 2013 |पहुँचमिति=3 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== सन् २०१५-२०१७ सो गुड र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय सफलताहरू ===
[[File:National Day of Sweden 2015 8117.jpg|thumb|left|सन् २०१५ मा लारसन प्रस्तुत दिँदै]]
५ जुन २०१५ मा लारसनले उनको आउँदै दोस्रो एल्बमका लागि &quot;लस्ट लाइफ&quot; नामक गीत सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्। उक्त गीतले स्विडेनको आधिकारिक चार्टमा शीर्ष स्थानमा आउँदै लारसनको गीतहरू मध्ये शीर्ष स्थानमा आउने दोस्रो गीत बन्दै ४× प्लेटिनम प्रमाणपत्र समेत प्राप्त गरेको थियो। यस गीत अस्ट्रेलिया, [[अस्ट्रिया]], बेल्जियम, डेनमार्क, जर्मनी, आयरल्यान्ड, [[नर्वे]], नेदरल्यान्ड, स्वीट्जरल्यान्ड र [[संयुक्त अधिराज्य]]का साङ्गितीक तालिकाहरूमा शीर्ष ५ सम्म पुगेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/never%20forget%20you/|शीर्षक=never forget you|पहुँचमिति=20 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |शीर्षक=द आइरिस चार्ट – अल दिअर इज टु नो |प्रकाशक=आइआरएमए  |पहुँचमिति=20 January 2017 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100105231849/http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement |archivedate= 5 January 2010 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.danishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Zara+Larsson&amp;titel=Lush+Life&amp;cat=s|शीर्षक=Danish Chart – Zara larsson – Lush Life|अन्तिम=हङ्ग|प्रथम=स्टिफन|वेबसाइट=ड्यानिस चार्ट|पहुँचमिति=5 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

२२ जुलाई २०१५ मा लारसनले एक बेलायती गायिकसँग साझेदारी गर्दै &quot;नेभर फरगेट यु&quot; नामक गीत सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=38388|title=never forger you-
zara larsson |website=सनफ्याक्ट|accessdate=20 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस गीत स्विडेनमा शीर्ष १ मा, अस्ट्रेलियामा शीर्ष ३ मा र संयुक्त अधिराज्यमा शीर्ष ५ मा आउन सफल भएको थियो। यस गीतले स्वीडनको आधिकारिक साङ्गितीक तालिका कम्पनीद्वरा प्लेटिनम प्रमाणपत्र प्राप्त गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/never%20forget%20you/|शीर्षक=नेभर फर्गेट यु {{!}} पूर्ण चार्ट इतिहास {{!}} आधिकारिक चार्ट कम्पनी|पहुँचमिति=19 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Zara+Larsson+&amp;+MNEK&amp;titel=Never+Forget+You&amp;cat=s |अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024355/http://swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Zara%2BLarsson%2B&amp;%2BMNEK&amp;titel=Never%2BForget%2BYou&amp;cat=s yes |अभिलेखमिति=17 November 2015 |शीर्षक=Swedish Chart – Swedish chart portal |अन्तिम=हङ्ग |प्रथम=स्टिफन |कार्य=स्विडेनी साङ्गीतिक तालिका |पहुँचमिति=19 January 2017 |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.sverigetopplistan.se/|शीर्षक= Toplista|प्रकाशक=सर्भेजटपलिष्टा|भाषा=स्वीडिस|पहुँचमिति=23 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

सन् २०१६ फेब्रुअरीमा टिनी टाम्पाले लारसनसँग साझेदारी गर्दै &quot;गर्लस् लाइक&quot; नामक गीत सार्वजनिक गरेको थयो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/girls-like-feat.-zara-larsson/id1083965394|शीर्षक=Girls like (single)|प्रकाशक=आइट्युन्स अस्ट्रेलिया|पहुँचमिति=26 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; डेभिड गेट्टाले लारसनसँग मिल्दै युइएफए युरो २०१६ को आधिकारिक गीत &quot;दिस वान्स फर यु&quot; नामक गीत सार्वजनिक गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=40311|title=this one's for you
david guetta|website=सङफ्याक्ट|date=20 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Zara Larsson Stavernfestivalen (203836).jpg|thumb|right|सन् २०१६ मा लारसन]]
१ सेप्टेम्बर २०१६ मा लारसनले उनको आउँदै दोस्रो एल्बमका लागि तेस्रो एकलका रूपमा &quot;[[एन्ट माई फल्ट]]&quot; नामक गीत सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Zara larsson – &quot;i would like&quot; (song)|युआरएल=http://www.swedishcharts.com/showitem.asp?interpret=Zara+Larsson&amp;titel=I+Would+Like&amp;cat=s|वेबसाइट=स्वीडिस चार्ट|पहुँचमिति= 18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; २२ अक्टोबर २०१६ मा टाइम्सले उनलाई ३० सबैभन्दा प्रभावशाली युवाको सूचीमा सूचीकृत गरेको थियो। ११ नोभेम्बर २०१६ मा उनले दोस्रो एल्बमका लागि चौँथो एकलका रूपमा &quot;आई उड लाइक&quot; नामक गीत सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=I would like|युआरएल=http://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/i%20would%20like/|प्रकाशक=आधिकारिक चार्ट कम्पनी|पहुँचमिति= 18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=http://time.com/4532104/most-influential-teens-2016/|शीर्षक=The 30 Most Influential Teens of 2016|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|वेबसाइट=टाइम (पत्रिका)|पहुँचमिति=25 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस गीतले संयुक्त अधिराज्यमा शीर्ष २ र स्विडेनमा शीर्ष ४ मा पर्न सफल भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.digitalspy.com/music/news/a813760/zara-larsson-new-song-2016-i-would-like-listen/|शीर्षक=I would like |मिति=11 November 2016|समाचारपत्र=डिजिटल स्पाई|पहुँचमिति=19 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक = Zara larsson new song - 'ain't my fault |युआरएल = http://www.ew.com/article/2016/09/02/zara-larsson-aint-my-fault-new-single|वेबसाइट = इडब्ल्यू डटकम/|पहुँचमिति = 1 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

सन् २०१७ जनवरीमा लारसनले अमेरिकी र्‍यापर टाइ डला साइनसँग साझेदारीको गर्दै &quot;सो गुड&quot; बोलको गीत सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbZ7BG1adGI|शीर्षक=don't let me be yours&quot; (video)|via=[[युट्युब]]|पहुँचमिति=18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=http://celebmix.com/zara-larsson-only-you-remixes-ep/|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson Has Released “Only You + Remixes” EP|मिति=13 August 2017|कार्य=सेलेबमिक्स|पहुँचमिति=15 April 2018|लेखक=क्युरिम, जोनाथन}}&lt;/ref&gt; उक्त गीत उनको आउँदै दोस्रो एल्बमको पाँचौ एकल गीतको रूपमा रहेको थियो भने उनको दोस्रो एल्बमक‍ो नाम पनि सो गुडनै थियो जुन १७ मार्च २०१७ मा सार्वजनिक भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.allaccess.com/top40-mainstream/future-releases|शीर्षक=top 40/maintream future releases – mainstream hit song|मिति=17 January 2017|कार्य=अल एक्सेस म्यूजिक ग्रुप|अभिलेखयुआरएल=https://web.archive.org/web/20170117220619/http://www.allaccess.com/top40-mainstream/future-releases|अभिलेखमिति=17 January 2017|पहुँचमिति=20 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; यस एल्बममा लारसनले बिज किडसँग &quot;सनडाउन&quot; र [[क्लिन बान्डिट]]सँग &quot;[[सिम्फोनी (क्लिन बान्डिटको गीत)|सिम्फोनी]]&quot; नामक गीतहरू सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://itunes.apple.com/us/album/so-good/id1201058048|शीर्षक=So good by Zara larsson |प्रकाशक=आइट्युन्स स्टोर |पहुँचमिति=18 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; सो गुड एल्बम स्विडेनको आधिकारिक गिती सङ्ग्रह तालिकामा शीर्ष १ मा र अस्ट्रेलिया, [[डेनमार्क]], फिनल्यान्ड, [[नेदरल्यान्ड]], न्युजिल्यान्ड र नर्वेमा शीर्ष दश भित्र पर्न सफल भएको थियो। &lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/51258/clean-bandit-ft-zara-larsson/|शीर्षक=clean bandit and zara larsson |प्रकाशक=आधिकारिक साङ्गीतिक तालिका|पहुँचमिति= 18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.officialcharts.com/search/albums/so%20good/|शीर्षक=''so good''|प्रकाशक=आधिकारिक साङ्गीतिक तालिका |पहुँचमिति=18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

१२ मार्च २०१७ मा लारसनले &quot;डन्ट लेट मि बि योर्‍स&quot; बोलको गीतको आधिकारिक भिडियो सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन् जुन सो गुड एल्बमको छैटौँ एकल गीत थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lbZ7BG1adGI|शीर्षक=zara larsson – &quot;don't let me be yours &quot; (official music video)|माध्यम=[[युट्युब]]|पहुँचमिति=18 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; त्यस पछि &quot;वन्लि यु&quot; नाम गीत एल्बमको सातौँ एकल गीतको रूपमा ११ अगस्ट २०१७ मा सार्वजनिक भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=http://celebmix.com/zara-larsson-only-you-remixes-ep/|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson Has Released “Only You + Remixes” EP|मिति=13 August 2017|कार्य=सेलबमिक्स|पहुँचमिति=15 April 2018|लेखक=क्युरिन, जोाथन}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== सन् २०१७–हाल: पोस्टर गर्ल ===
सन् २०१७ सेप्टेम्बरमा लारसनले उनको आउँदो तेस्रो गिती सङ्ग्रहका लागि काम गर्न सुरु गरेको घोषणा गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.vg.no/rampelys/musikk/zara-larsson-til-nobelkonserten/a/24160916/|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson|कार्य=vg|पहुँचमिति=12 December 2017|भाषा=स्विडेनी}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनले एक अन्तरबार्तामा दुई गीतहरू एमएनइकेसँग लेखेको जानकारी गराएकी थिइन्। ११ डिसेम्बर २०१७ मा लारसनले नोबेल पुरस्कारको एक साङ्गीतिक कार्यक्रममा अमेरिकी गायक [[जोन लेजेन्ड]]सँग प्रस्तुति दिएकी थिइन्। जनवरी २०१८ मा लारसनलाई फोब्सले मनोरञ्जनकर्मीको श्रेणीमा सूचीकृत गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.forbes.com/profile/zara-larsson/|शीर्षक=Zara larsson|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|मिति=|कार्य=Forbes|पहुँचमिति=26 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Zara Larsson - Ilosaarirock 2018 - 08.jpg|thumb|left|सन् २०१८ मा लारसन]]

सेप्टेम्बर २०१८ मा, लारसनले आफ्नो तेस्रो  साङ्गीतिक सङ्गालो &quot; रूइन माई लाइफ&quot;बाट गीत जारी गर्ने घोषणा गरेकी थिइन्। उनले १८ अक्टोबर २०१८ मा, गीत र भिडियो जारी गरेकी थिइन्। गीत विश्वव्यापी रूपमा सफलतापूर्वक, अमेरिका र बेलायतमा स्वर्ण प्रमाणित भएको थियो, जबकि यो नेदरल्यान्डमा शीर्ष स्थानमा पुगेको थियो। सन् २०१९ मा, लारसनले उनको आगामी गिती सङ्ग्रह &quot;डन्टर वोरी बाउट मी&quot;, &quot;वाउ&quot; र &quot;अल द टाइम&quot; लाई अनुसरण गर्ने एकल गीतहरू जारी गरेकी थिइन्।

जनवरी २०१९ मा, उनी इटालेली र्‍यापर , गायक र गीतकार फेदेसद्वारा &quot; होल्डिङ आउट फर यू&quot; गीतमा प्रस्तुत भएकी थिइन्। ८ नोभेम्बर २०१९ मा, लारसनको अर्को एकल, इन्भिजिबल (अनुवादित शीर्षक:अदृश्य) सन् २०१९ को चलचित्र क्लाउसबाट लिइएको थियो जुन नेटफ्लिक्समा सार्वजनिक भएको पहिलो मूल व्यङ्गचित्रात्मक चलचित्र, सोही दिनमा जारी गरिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.billboard.it/musica/pop/fedez-zara-larsson-holding-out-for-you/2019/01/0716657/|शीर्षक=Fedez duetta con Zara|मिति=11 January 2019|वेबसाइट=[[बिलबोर्ड (पत्रिका)|बिलबोर्ड]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

मार्च २०२० मा, लारसनलाई काइगोको गीत, &quot;लाइक इट इज&quot;मा अमेरिकी र्‍यापर टिगासँगै चित्रित गरिएको थियो। गीतले मध्यस्थताका साथ राम्रो प्रदर्शन गरेको थियो भने गीत [[स्विडेन]], न्युजिल्यान्ड, र नर्वेमा शीर्ष पाँच स्थानमा पुग्न सफल भएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;Invisible announcement Epic&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |शीर्षक=New Zara Larsson single &quot;Invisible&quot; featured in Netflix original animated feature ''Klaus'' |युआरएल=https://www.epicrecords.com/new-zara-larsson-single-invisible-featured-in-netflix-original-animated-feature-klaus/ |प्रकाशक=Epic Records |मिति=23 October 2019 |पहुँचमिति=16 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

मे २०२० मा उनले [[ट्विटर]] मार्फत घोषणा सार्वजनिक गर्दै आफ्नो गिती सङ्ग्रहको आवरण चयन गर्न लागेको बताएकी थिइन्।
उनले ट्वीट गर्दै दुई गीतका लागि भिडियोहरू छायाङ्कनको क्रममा रहेको र अर्को नयाँ गिती सङ्ग्रहहरू आउने बताएकी थिइन्।

जुन २०२० मा, लारसनले [[इन्स्टाग्राम]] मार्फत गीत &quot; लभ मी ल्यान्ड&quot; को घोषणा गरेकी थिइन्। उनले गीत र साङ्गीतिक भिडियो १० जुलाई २०२० मा जारी गरेकी थिइन्। सोही दिन उनको अन्तर्वार्ता स्भारिया रेडियोमा प्रकाशित गरिएको थियो। नयाँ गिती सङ्ग्रह ग्रीष्मकालीन २०२० को ग्रीष्म पछि सार्वजनिक गरिने उनले बताएकी थिइन्। &lt;ref name=spotify&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Zara Larssons bästa hits on Spotify|युआरएल=https://open.spotify.com/playlist/1zp43JcuxNcMJSdnjcSxq0|मिति=|प्रकाशक=स्पोटिफाई|पहुँचमिति=२८ अक्टोबर २०२०}}&lt;/ref&gt; यद्यपि, लारसनले एक अन्तर्वार्तामा, गिती सङ्ग्रहक नाम &quot;पोस्टर गर्ल&quot; रहने बताएकी थिइन् र उनको गीत &quot;वाउ&quot; सोही गिती सङ्ग्रहमा समावेश हुने पनि उनले बताएकी थिइन्&lt;ref name=wow&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.borderlessmelodies.com/post/zara-larsson-chats-wow-comeback-and-new-album|title=Zara Larsson Chats &quot;Wow&quot; Comeback and New Album|website=Borderless Melodies|date=31 August 2020|accessdate=3 September 2020}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030051831/https://www.borderlessmelodies.com/post/zara-larsson-chats-wow-comeback-and-new-album |date=30 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; जहाँ यसको घोषण २६ अगस्त २०२० मा भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite tweet|user=zaralarsson|number=1298725173613359105|title=...since y'all love WOW so much.. bringing it back for a sec|date=26 August 2020|accessdate=23 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

सेप्टेम्बर २०२० मा, लारसनले अमेरिकी गायिका सब्रिना कार्पेन्टरको साथ यसको समायोजित संस्करण जारी गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.idolator.com/7914843/sabrina-carpenter-joins-zara-larsson-for-wow-remix?chrome=1|title=Sabrina Carpenter Joins Zara Larsson For “Wow” Remix|accessdate=September 27, 2020|website=आइडोलेटर|last=Wass|first=Mike}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230914233248/https://www.idolator.com/7914843/sabrina-carpenter-joins-zara-larsson-for-wow-remix?chrome=1 |date=September 14, 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== व्यक्तिगत जीवन र अन्य कार्यहरू ==

लारसनसँग संयुक्त रूपमा काम गरेका अन्य कलाकार र उद्योगकर्मीहरूले उनको प्रशंसा गरेका छन् जबकि उनी [[बियोन्से]]&lt;ref name=&quot;harpers&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |शीर्षक=Zara Larsson Sings Beyonce |युआरएल=http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/videos/a19084/zara-larsson-sings-beyonce/ |प्रकाशक=Harpers Bazaar |प्रथम=Erica |अन्तिम=Gonzalez |मिति=29 November 2016 |कथन=I listen to a lot of Beyoncé and a lot of male artists |पहुँचमिति=4 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; जस्ता कलाकारहरूको उच्च प्रशंसक हुन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |शीर्षक=Zara Larsson – The Full NME Cover Interview |युआरएल=https://www.nme.com/features/ive-always-just-wanted-people-to-look-at-me-brace-yourself-its-zara-larsson-757398 |कार्य=NME |प्रथम=Emily |अन्तिम=Mackay |मिति=21 September 2016 |पहुँचमिति=4 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनले डाक्टर लुक र क्रिस ब्राउन जस्ता कलाकारहरूको विपक्षमा आफ्नो दृष्टिकोण कायम गरेको बताएकी थिइन्। &lt;ref name=nme&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |शीर्षक=Zara Larsson – The Full NME Cover Interview|युआरएल=https://www.nme.com/features/ive-always-just-wanted-people-to-look-at-me-brace-yourself-its-zara-larsson-757398 |कार्य=NME |प्रथम=Emily |अन्तिम=Mackay |मिति=21 September 2016 |पहुँचमिति=4 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

जनवरी २०१५ मा, लारसनले आफ्नो खुट्टामा कन्डम बेरेको तस्वीर [[इन्स्टाग्राम]]मा उर्ध्वभरण गरेकी थिइन् जसको अर्थ पुरुषहरूको लिङ्ग कन्डमको लागि धेरै ठूलो हुन्छ भन्ने थियो भने उक्त तस्वीरले [[स्विडेन]] र [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका]]मा धेरै सकारात्मक प्रतिक्रियाहरू प्राप्त गरेको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;Condom news&quot;&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत |युआरएल=https://www.metro.se/artikel/nu-pratar-hela-usa-om-zara-larssons-kondom-p%C3%A5-benet-xr |शीर्षक=Nu pratar hela USA om Zara Larssons kondom på benet |भाषा=स्विडेनी |मिति=9 January 2015 |कार्य=Metro |पहुँचमिति=4 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनले हाल ड्युरेक्स र एड्स सङ्गठन (रेड)बाट यौन स्वास्थ्य जागरूकता बढाउन र [[दक्षिण अफ्रिका]]मा एड्सको उपचारका लागि पैसा जुटाउने नयाँ अभियानलाई अगाडि बढाइरहेकी छिन।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson's sex education classes|युआरएल=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdMQ_SUgi80&amp;list=PLnwt1fUa-EVimsGngs_n1yO5qPaseAPxq&amp;index=63|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|पहुँचमिति=2019-12-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

असंयमको बारेमा सार्वजनिक बुझाई बढाउनको लागि, उनले सात वर्षसम्म डायपर प्रयोग गरेको कुरा खुलासा गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name= &quot;Bråvalla 1&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |युआरएल=https://www.dn.se/kultur-noje/zara-larsson-gunther-och-bravalla-detta-har-hant/ |शीर्षक=&quot;Zara Larsson, Günther och Bråvalla – Detta har hänt&quot; |भाषा=स्विडेनी |मिति=3 July 2015 |पहुँचमिति=16 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१५ मा, लारसनले स्भारिया रेडियोमा  प्रसारण गर्नको लागि एक ग्रीष्मकालिन भाषणको योजना बनाएकी थिइन् जहाँ उनी प्रस्तुति दिने ५८ हस्तिहरूको मध्ये एक हुन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत |युआरएल=https://nyheter24.se/noje/797164-zara-larsson-jag-blev-full-forsta-gangen-nar-jag-var-13-ar |शीर्षक=Zara Larsson svara ärligt på frågor om alkohol, feminism och när hon kissat på sig.|भाषा=स्विडेनी |मिति=7 May 2015|कार्य=Metro|पहुँचमिति=8 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
४८ मिनेटको भाषण स्विडेनको पि१ च्यानलमा २५ जुलाई २०१५ मा प्रत्यक्ष रूपमा प्रत्यक्ष प्रसारण गरिएको थियो। १७ वर्षको उमेर उनी भाषण दिने सबैभन्दा कान्छी वक्ता बनेकी थिइन् &lt;ref name=&quot;2015 summer speech&quot;&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |युआरएल=https://sverigesradio.se/sida/avsnitt/579039?programid=2071 |शीर्षक=Sommar &amp; Vinter i P1 – Zara Larsson |भाषा=स्विडेनी |प्रकाशक=Sveriges Radio |मिति=25 July 2015 |पहुँचमिति=5 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; भने यस भन्दा अगाडि २० वर्षकी रोब्लिन र जिना दिरावीले भाषण दिएका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत |युआरएल=https://www.svt.se/kultur/musik/zara-larsson-yngst-att-sommarprara-skyddas-av-sr |शीर्षक=Zara Larsson yngst att sommarprata |प्रकाशक=Sveriges Radio  |प्रथम=Rebecca |अन्तिम=Haimi |भाषा=स्विडेनी |मिति=2015-06-03 |पहुँचमिति=2019-12-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;
भाषणमा उनले आफ्नो जीवन, उनको सङ्गीत, उनको नारीवादी विचार, उनी प्रति अन्यले राख्ने दृष्टिकोण र प्रतिक्रिया र यी सबैको बारेमा उनको भावनाहरू प्रस्तुत गरेकी थिइन्।
&lt;ref name=&quot;2015 summer speech&quot; /&gt;
सन् २०१७ देखि २०१९ को बीच, उनी बेलायती मोडल ब्रायन एच ह्विटटेकरसँग सम्बन्धमा रहेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.hm.com/se/products/search?q=zara%20larsson|शीर्षक=H&amp;M offers fashion and quality for the best price {{!}} H&amp;M SE|पहुँचमिति=4 January 2020|कार्य=www.hm.com|भाषा=स्विडेनी}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|शीर्षक=See all pictures on Zara Larsson’s collection for H&amp;M: &quot;Feminine, strong and fits everyone&quot;|युआरएल=https://www.elle.se/zara-larsson-kollektion-hm/|भाषा=स्विडेनी|कार्य=ELLE|मिति=25 April 2017|पहुँचमिति=4 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; १८ मे २०१७ मा, लारसनले होएम ({{भाषा-स्विडेनी|H&amp;M}})को सङ्ग्रह जारी गरेकी थिइन् जसमा विभिन्न विभिन्न कपडा तथा उपकरणहरू समावेश थिए। [[क्लिन बान्डिट]]को साथ उनले आफ्नो प्रसिद्ध गीत &quot;सिम्फोनी&quot; को भिडियो खिच्ने निर्णय गर्ने निर्णय गरेकी थिइन्। &lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|शीर्षक=See all garments from Zara Larsson’s collection with H&amp;M|युआरएल=https://www.frida.se/zara-larsson-kollektion-hm-2017|कार्य=FRIDA|मिति=25 April 2017|भाषा=स्विडेनी|पहुँचमिति=24 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

अक्टोबर २०१९ मा, लारसनले सामाजिक सञ्जालहरूमा [[डेमी लोभाटो]]को इजरायल समर्थक अडानको बिरूद्धमा बोलेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|शीर्षक=Zara Larsson On Featuring A Black Gay Couple In Symphony Music Video {{!}} Fuse|युआरएल=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ztlo2gDLvXM|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|पहुँचमिति=2019-12-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{वेब स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/4/17424472/youtube-lgbt-demonetization-ads-algorithm|शीर्षक=YouTube is still restricting and demonetizing LGBT videos — and adding anti-LGBT ads to some|अन्तिम=Farokhmanesh|प्रथम=Megan|मिति=2018-06-04|कार्य=द भर्ज|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी|पहुँचमिति=2019-12-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; लोभाटोले इन्स्टाग्राममा सामग्री सार्वजनिक गर्दै उक्त विषयमन उनको केही राय नभएको इजरायल-प्यालेस्टाइन द्वन्द्वमा कुनैपनि देशको पक्ष नलिने बताएकी थिइन्। लारसनले यसको उत्तरमा ट्विटरमा, उनलाई कुनै मतलब नभएको र दमनकारी पक्षमा रहेको आरोप लगाएकी थिइन्। पछि उनले यो टिप्पणी लोभाटोका लागि मात्र नभएको जनाएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत | युआरएल=https://www.popbuzz.com/music/artists/demi-lovato/news/israel-palestine-apology-zara-larsson/ | शीर्षक=Zara Larsson calls out Demi Lovato for not &quot;choosing sides” in her Israel apology | कार्य=पपबज् | मिति=July 6, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== विवादहरू ==

=== दावीहरू ===

लारसन अमेरिकी गायिका [[बियोन्से]]को  आत्म घोषित प्रशंसक हुन्। सामाजिक सञ्जालहरूमा खुला रूपमा अभिव्यक्ति दिँदै उनले आफ्नो अभिभावकहरूको अन्तर्वार्तामा आफ्नो खुला विचार व्यक्त गरेकी थिइन्। उनको भनाइ अनुसार &quot;सामाजिक मुद्दा र संसारमा के भइरहेको छ भन्ने बारेमा मेरा आमाबाबु दुबै एकदमै शिक्षित हुनुहुन्छ र उहाँहरूले मलाई धेरै सहयोग गर्नु भएको छ&quot;।
लारसनले उनका नारीवादी मतहरूको लागि &quot;धेरै घृणा पाएको&quot; बताएकी थिइन्, जसलाई &quot;पुरुष प्रति घृणा&quot; जागृत भएको पनि भनिन्छ। पुरुषहरूलाई घृणा गर्ने टिप्पणीले वास्तवमा उनीहरूलाई चोट नपुर्‍याउने भएकाले, यी सबै कुराहरूमा आफूले केहीपनि मतलब नगर्ने उनले बताएकी थिइन्।

=== ह्वावेसँग सम्झौता ===

मार्च २०१९ मा, लारसनले चिनियाँ प्रविधि कम्पनी [[हुवावे|ह्वावे]]को साथ वाणिज्यिक सहकार्य गर्न सुरु गरेको बताइएको थियो। ह्वावेसँग लारसनले गरेको सहयोगले चीन तथा अन्य मानव अधिकारका विज्ञहरूले उनको आलोचना गरेका थिए, जसले ह्वावेको तानाशाही चिनियाँ सरकारसँगको घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध र मानव अधिकारको बारेमा अन्य कुराहरू उल्लेख गरेका थिए। अगस्त २०२० मा, लारसनले ह्वावेसँगको उनको सम्झौता समाप्तको घोषण गर्दै,  चीन &quot;राम्रो देश नभएको&quot; र उनी यसका नीतिहरूसँग अडिग नभएको बताएकी थिइन्।

यसको जवाफमा, ह्वाावेले अनुमोदन सम्झौता समय सीमित रहेको र सन् २०१९ मा नै समाप्त भइसकेको जनाएको थियो। सम्बन्धी उनको धारणा सार्वजनिक भएपछि लारसनका सबै सार्वजनिक गीतहरू एप्पल सङ्गीत चीनबाट हटाइएको थियो।

== गायन शैली ==
सरा लारसनले मुख्यतया [[पप सङ्गीत|पप]]&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-39293139|शीर्षक=सरा लारसन: एक पप कलाकार|अन्तिम=स्याभेज|प्रथम=मार्क|मिति=17 March 2017|कार्य=बीबीसी|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.thesun.ie/tvandshowbiz/music/510974/who-is-zara-larsson-swedish-pop-star-and-talent-show-winner-performing-at-the-isle-of-wight-festival-all-you-need-to-know/|शीर्षक=सरा लारसन को हुन्? लारसनका केही तथ्यहरू|अन्तिम=हगिन्स|प्रथम=माइकल|मिति=9 May 2017|कार्य=द आइरिस सन|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=http://www.mtv.co.uk/zara-larsson/news/zara-larsson-proves-that-shes-a-popstar-to-be-reckoned-with-on-her-प्रथम-uk-tour|शीर्षक=सरा लारसनको पहिलो साङ्गीतिक कार्यक्रम|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|मिति=25 October 2017|कार्य=एमटिभी|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt; र आर र बी&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/music/zara-larssons-complicated-relationship-with-hiphop-20170801-gxmpkk.html|title=सरा लारसाको हिप हप सङ्गीतसँगको सम्बन्ध|date=2 August 2017|work=द सिड्नी मर्निङ|accessdate=9 March 2018|language=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.billboard.com/music/zara-larsson|शीर्षक=सरा लारसन|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|मिति=28 May 2014|कार्य=[[बिलबोर्ड (पत्रिका)|बिलबोर्ड]]|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt; किसिमको गीत गायने गर्छिन्। उनको कहिलेकाँही इलेक्ट्रोपप,&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/zara-larsson-mn0003105903/biography|शीर्षक=सरा लारसनको जीवनी|अन्तिम=मुङ्गर|प्रथम=जेम्स|मिति=|कार्य=अल म्यूजिक|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt; हाउस&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/mar/19/zara-larsson-so-good-review|शीर्षक=सरा लारिन: सो गुड एल्बम|अन्तिम=क्र्याग|प्रथम=माइकल|मिति=19 March 2017|कार्य=द गार्डेन्स|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt; र डान्स सङ्गीत पनि गाउने गरेकी छिन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2017/jun/08/zara-larsson-review-a-brilliant-blast-of-scandipop-sugar|शीर्षक=सरा लारसन|अन्तिम=सुलेभ्यान|प्रथम=क्यारोलिन|मिति=9 June 2017|कार्य=द गार्डेन्स|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{समाचार स्रोत|युआरएल=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/zara-larssons-idol-is-beyonce-12554666|शीर्षक=सरा लारसनलाई प्रेरण दिने कलाकार बेयोन्से हुन्|अन्तिम=|प्रथम=|मिति=28 December 2017|कार्य=आइओडी|पहुँचमिति=9 March 2018|भाषा=अङ्ग्रेजी}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

==बाह्य कडीहरू==
{{कमन्सश्रेणी|Zara Larsson|सरा लारसन}}
*{{आधिकारिक वेबसाइट|zaralarssonofficial.com}}
*{{आधिकारिक वेबसाइट|zaralarsson.se}} (स्विडेनीमा)
*{{Allmusic|class=artist|id=mn0003105903}}
*{{IMDb name|3706357}}
{{सरा लारसन}}

[[श्रेणी:सरा लारसन| ]]
[[श्रेणी:स्विडेनी गीतकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:स्विडेनी गायिका-गीतकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:स्विडेनी गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९९७ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:युनिभर्सल म्युजिक ग्रुपका कलाकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>qc4zddno7o1potkcynoicqa6yo1zbkn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका एक्स खाताहरूको सूची</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>पर्वत सुवेदी</username>
        <id>31224</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका ट्विटर खाताहरूको सूची]] पृष्ठलाई [[सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका एक्स खाताहरूको सूची]]मा सारियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="12737" sha1="ku2z44mdl617h9fd8uajlsr3j6lgb16" xml:space="preserve">{{गतिशील सूची}}
यस सूचीमा सामाजिक सञ्जल सेवा [[ट्विटर|एक्स]] (पूर्व ट्विटर)मा सबैभन्दा धेरै अनुयायीहरू भएका शीर्ष ५० खाताहरू समावेश छन्। [[एलन मस्क]], [[बराक ओबामा]], [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]], [[जस्टिन बिबर]], [[रियाना]], [[केटी पेरी]] र [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] जस्ता उल्लेखनीय हस्तीहरू सूचीको शीर्ष स्थानमा छन्। नोभेम्बर २०२४ सम्म, केवल सात खाताहरूले यो कोशेढुङ्गा पार गरेका छन्, एलन मस्क २० करोड अनुयायीहरू पार गर्ने एक मात्र व्यक्ति हुन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Top 50 Twitter Users by Followers |url=https://socialblade.com/twitter/top/50/followers |access-date=3 October 2024 |website=Social Blade}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== शीर्क्ष खाताहरू ==
प्रत्येक खाताको विवरण सहित निम्न तालिकाले एक्समा शीर्ष ५० सबैभन्दा धेरै अनुसरण गरिएका खाताहरू सूचीबद्ध गर्दछ।
&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Twitter - Accounts nach Followern weltweit 2024 |url=https://de.statista.com/statistik/daten/studie/188854/umfrage/twitter-accounts-with-the-most-followers-worldwide/ |access-date=2024-11-07 |website=Statista |language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Elon Musk Royal Society (crop2).jpg|thumb|150px|right|एक्सका मालिक [[एलन मस्क]] सर्वाधिक अनुयायी भएका व्यक्ति हुन्।]]
[[File:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|150px|right|पूर्व अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति [[बराक ओबामा]] एक्समा सर्वाधिक अनुयायी भएका खेलाडी हुन्।]]
[[File:Cristiano Ronaldo 2018.jpg|thumb|150px|right|पोर्तुगाली फुटबल खेलाडी [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]] एक्समा सर्वाधिक अनुयायी भएका खेलाडी हुन्।]]
[[File:Justin Bieber in 2015.jpg|thumb|150px|right|क्यानडेली गायक [[जस्टिन बिबर]] एक्समा सर्वाधिक अनुयायी भएका गायक हुन्।]]
[[File:Rihanna Fenty 2018.png|thumb|150px|right|बार्बाडेली गायिका [[रियाना]] एक्समा सर्वाधिक अनुयायी भएकी गायिका हुन्।]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
! क्रम
! प्रयोगकर्ता नाम
! मालिक
! अनुयायीहरू (करोड)
! विवरण
! ब्रान्ड खाता
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १
| @elonmusk
| [[एलन मस्क]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | २१.९६
| व्यापारी तथा एक्स/ट्विटरका मालिक
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २
| @BarackObama
| [[बराक ओबामा]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | १३.०६
| data-sort-value=&quot;President, former&quot; | अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति (सन् २००९–२०१७)
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३
| @Cristiano
| [[क्रिस्टियानो रोनाल्डो]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ११.४७
| फुटबल खेलाडी
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४
| @justinbieber
| [[जस्टिन बिबर]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | १०.९६
| गायक
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ५
| @rihanna
| [[रियाना]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | १०.८२
| गायिका
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ६
| @katyperry
| [[केटी पेरी]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | १०.५८
| गायिका
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ७
| @narendramodi
| [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | १०.४५
| data-sort-value=&quot;Prime Minister, current&quot; | भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री (सन् २०१४–हाल)
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ८
| @realDonaldTrump
| [[डोनाल्ड ट्रम्प]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ९.५४
| data-sort-value=&quot;President, former, president-elect&quot; | अमेरिकी राष्ट्रपति (सन् २०१७–२०२१) र (ससन् २०२५-२०२९)
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ९
| @taylorswift13
| [[टेलर स्विफ्ट]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ९.४७
| गायिका
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १०
| @NASA
| [[नासा]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ८.३८
| अन्तरिक्ष नियोग
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ११
| @ladygaga
| [[लेडी गागा]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ८.२६
| गायिका र अभिनेत्री
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १२
| @YouTube
| [[युट्युब]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ७.९४
| data-sort-value=&quot;Video&quot; | अनलाइन भिडियो साझेदारी सेवा
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १३
| @KimKardashian
| [[किम कार्दसियन]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ७.५१
| टेलिभिजन व्यक्तित्व
| 
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १४
| @EllenDeGeneres
| [[एलेन डिजेनर्स]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ७.३४
| हास्य कलाकार र टेलिभिजन प्रस्तोता
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १५
| @X
| [[ट्विटर|एक्स (पूर्व ट्विटर)]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६.८३
| सामाजिक सञ्जाल सेवा
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १६
| @BillGates
| [[बिल गेट्स]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६.५७
| व्यापारी र समाजसेवी
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १७
| @selenagomez
| [[सेलिना गोमेज]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६.५६
| गायिका र अभिनेत्री
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १८
| @imVkohli
| [[विराट कोहली]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६.५४
| क्रिकेट खेलाडी
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | १९
| @neymarjr
| [[नेयमार]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६.३८
| फुटबल खेलाडी
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २०
| @cnnbrk
| [[सिएनएन|सिएनएन ब्रेकिङ न्युज]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६.३८
| समाचार च्यानल
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २१
| @CNN
| [[सिएनएन]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६.२९
| समाचार च्यानल
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २२
| @jtimberlake
| [[जस्टिन टिम्बरलेक]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ६
| गायक र अभिनेता
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २३
| @PMOIndia
| [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|पिएमओ इन्डिया]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.७१
| भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्रीको कार्यालय
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २४
| @nytimes
| [[द न्युयोर्क टाइम्स]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.५२
| समाचारपत्र
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २५
| @espn
| [[इएसपिएन]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.४९
| खेलकुद च्यानल
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २६
| @britneyspears
| [[ब्रिट्नी स्पेयर्स]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.४०
| गायिका
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २७
| @shakira
| [[सकिरा]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.३१
| गायिका
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २८
| @KingJames
| [[लेब्रोन जेम्स]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.२९
| बास्केटबल खेलाडी
| 
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | २९
| @ChampionsLeague
| [[युएफा च्याम्पियन्स लिग]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.२७
| फुटबल लिग
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३०
| @ddlovato
| [[डेमी लोभाटो]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.१९
| गायिका र अभिनेत्री
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३१
| @realmadrid
| [[रियल म्याड्रिड]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.१८
| फुटबल क्लब
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३२
| @BBCBreaking
| nowrap=&quot;&quot; | [[बीबीसी समाचार]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ५.१७
| समाचार च्यानल
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३३
| @FCBarcelona
| [[एफसी बार्सिलोना|बार्सिलोना फुटबल क्लब]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.९३
| फुटबल क्लब
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३४
| @jimmyfallon
| [[जिमी फलोन]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.९३
| हास्यक कलाकार टेलिभिजन प्रस्तोता
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३५
| @SrBachchan
| [[अमिताभ बच्चन]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.८९
| अभिनेता
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३६
| @BTS_twt
| [[बिटिएस]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.८५
| साङ्गीतिक समूह
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३७
| @NBA
| [[एनबिए]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.७४
| बास्केटबल लिग
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३८
| @akshaykumar
| [[अक्षय कुमार]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.६९
| अभिनेता
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ३९
| @MileyCyrus
| [[माइली साइरस]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.५८
| गायिका र अभिनेत्री
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४०
| @BeingSalmanKhan
| [[सलमान खान]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.५७
| अभिनेता
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४१
| @premierleague
| [[प्रिमियर लिग]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.४८
| फुटबल लिग
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४२
| @bts_bighit
| [[बिटिएस]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.४७
| साङ्गीतिक समूह
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४३
| @iamsrk
| [[शाहरुख खान]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.४१
| अभिनेता
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४४
| @JLo
| [[जेनिफर लोपेज]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.४
| अभिनेत्री र गायिका
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४५
| @SportsCenter
| [[स्पोर्ट्स सेन्टर]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.३९
| खेलकुद च्यानल
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४६
| @BrunoMars
| [[ब्रुनो मार्स]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.२१
| गायक
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४७
| @Oprah
| [[ओपरा विनफ्रे]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.११
| टेलिभिजन व्यक्तित्व
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४८
| @BBCWorld
| [[बीबीसी विश्व समाचार]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.१
| समाचार च्यानल
| {{ya}}
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ४९
| @sachin_rt
| [[सचिन तेन्दुल्कर]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ४.०५
| पूर्व क्रिकेट खेलाडी
|
|-

! align=&quot;center&quot; | ५०
| @NiallOfficial
| [[नाइअल होरन]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ३.९७
| गायक
|
|-

! colspan=&quot;6&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:8pt;&quot; | {{As of|2025|02|df=US}}
|}

== यो पनि हेर्नुहोस् ==
*[[सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका टिकटक खाताहरूको सूची]]
*[[सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका इन्स्टाग्राम खाताहरूको सूची]]
*[[स्पोटिफाईमा सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका कलाकारहरूको सूची]]

== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

{{Most popular social media accounts}}

[[श्रेणी:इन्टरनेट सम्बन्धित विषयहरूको सूची]]</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[वार्तालाप:ट्विटर]] पृष्ठलाई [[वार्तालाप:एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)]]मा सारियो: नाम परिवर्तन भइ एक्स बनेको</comment>
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    <title>परराष्ट्र मन्त्री (नेपाल)</title>
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      <comment>/* मन्त्रीहरुको नामावली */</comment>
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| post = मन्त्री
| body = परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय
| native_name = 
| insignia = Emblem of Nepal (alternative).svg
| insigniasize = 180px
| flag = Flag of Nepal.svg
| flagsize = 125px
| flagcaption = [[नेपालको झन्डा]]
| insigniacaption = [[नेपालको निसानछाप|नेपालको निशान छाप]]
| incumbent = [[शिशिर खनाल]]
| incumbentsince = १३ चैत २०८२
| department = [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय]]
| style = [[माननीय]]
| member_of = [[नेपालको मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]
| reports_to = [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]], [[नेपालको सङ्घीय संसद|संसद]]
| seat = [[काठमाडौँ]], [[नेपाल]]
| nominator = [[नेपालको प्रधानमन्त्री|प्रधानमन्त्री]]
| appointer = [[नेपालको राष्ट्रपति|राष्ट्रपति]]
| termlength = कुनै निश्चित अवधि छैन
| formation = {{Start date and years ago|1948}}
| first = [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]
| image = Shishir Khanal Official Portrait RSP.png
| imagesize = 200px
}}

'''परराष्ट्र मन्त्री'''  [[नेपाल सरकार]]कोको [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयको]] प्रमुख हो। [[परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय (नेपाल)|परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालय]] [[नेपालको मन्त्रिपरिषद्|सङ्घीय मन्त्रिपरिषद्को]] सबैभन्दा प्रमुख कार्यालय मध्येको एक हो।  परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीको मुख्य जिम्मेवारी अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समुदायमा नेपाल र सरकारको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्नु हो। [[नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध|नेपालको परराष्ट्र नीति]] निर्धारण र कार्यान्वयनमा पनि परराष्ट्रमन्त्रीको महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका हुन्छ । &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About MoFA – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/about-mofa/ |access-date=2022-01-29 |website=mofa.gov.np }}{{Dead link|date=January 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== मन्त्रीहरुको नामावली ==
यस्तो छ नेपालका परराष्ट्र मन्त्रीहरुको सुची । &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Former Minister List – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Nepal MOFA |url=https://mofa.gov.np/former-minister-list/ |access-date=2022-01-29 |website=mofa.gov.np }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216003359/https://mofa.gov.np/former-minister-list/ |date=2022-02-16 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Foreign ministers L–R |url=http://rulers.org/fm3.html |access-date=21 May 2016 |website=rulers.org |publisher=B. Schemmel}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! क्रम
! नाम &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(जन्म–मृत्यु )}}
! तस्वीर 
! कार्यकाल 
!प्रधानमन्त्री
!मन्त्रिपरिषद्
!राजा राष्ट्रपति
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| [[नेपाल अधिराज्य]]
!
!
!
|-
! —
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Sovag Jung Thapa]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1910–2004)&lt;br&gt;''Acting''}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1948
|
|
|
|-
! १
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1885–1967)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Mohan Shumsher (cropped).png|80px]]
| 1948–1951
|[[मोहन शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा]]
|[[राणा - काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रिपरिषद्|राणा - काङ्ग्रेस मन्त्रिमण्डल]]
|
|-
! २
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1912–1997)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Matrika Prasad Koirala2.jpg|80px]]
| 1951–1952
|[[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! ३
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[खड्गमान सिंह|खडगमान सिंह]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1907–1994)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1952–1953
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|(2)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1912–1997)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Matrika Prasad Koirala2.jpg|80px]]
| 1953–1954
|[[मातृकाप्रसाद कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! ४
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[डिल्लीरमण रेग्मी]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1913–2001)}}
| [[File:Dilli Raman Regmi.jpg|80px]]
| 1954–1955
|
|
|
|-
! ५
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Sovag Jung Thapa]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1910–2004)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1955–1956
|
|
|
|-
! ६
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[चूडाप्रसाद शर्मा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1916–1989)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1956–1957
|
|
|
|-
! ७
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|इन्द्रजीत सिंह कुँवर]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1906–1982)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:KI Singh.jpg|80px]]
| 1957
|[[कुँवर इन्द्रजीत सिंह|इन्द्रजीत सिंह कुँवर]] 
|
|
|-
! ८
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[पुरेन्द्रविक्रम शाह]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1900–?)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1958–1959
|
|
|
|-
! ९
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1914–1982)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:BP Koirala.jpg|80px]]
| 1959–1960
|[[विश्वेश्वरप्रसाद कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! १०
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[तुलसी गिरी]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1926–2018)}}
| [[File:Tulsi Giri, 1963 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 1960–1962
|
|
|
|-
! ११
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[ऋषिकेश शाह]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1925–2002)}}
| [[File:Rishikesh Shah.jpg|80px]]
| 1962
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|(10)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[तुलसी गिरी]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1926–2018)}}
| [[File:Tulsi Giri, 1963 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 1962–1963
|
|
|
|-
! १२
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1927–2017)}}
| 
| 1963–1968
|[[तुलसी गिरी|डा. तुलसी गिरी]]
|
|
|-
! १३
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[गेहेन्द्रबहादुर राजभण्डारी|गेहेन्द्र बहादुर राजभण्डारी]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1923–1994)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1968–1971
|[[गेहेन्द्रबहादुर राजभण्डारी|गेहेन्द्र बहादुर राजभण्डारी]]
|
|
|-
! {{small|(12)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1927–2017)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| 
| 1971–1972
|[[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]
|
|
|-
! १४
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Gyanendra Bahadur Karki]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1930–1992)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1972–1975
|
|
|
|-
! १५
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Krishna Raj Aryal]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1928)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1975–1979
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|(12)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1927–2017)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| 
| 1979
|[[कीर्तीनिधि विष्ट|कीर्तिनिधि विष्ट]]
|
|
|-
! १६
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | केवी शाही&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1929)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1979–1981
|[[सूर्यबहादुर थापा]]
|
|
|-
! १७
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[सूर्यबहादुर थापा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1928–2015)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Surya Bahadur Thapa 2005-11-24.jpg|80px]]
| 1981–1982
|[[सूर्यबहादुर थापा]]
|
|
|-
! १८
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[पद्म बहादुर खत्री]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1915–1985)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1982–1985
|
|
|
|-
! १९
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Ranadhir Subba]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1909–1992)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1985–1986
|
|
|
|-
! २०
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Shailendra Kumar Upadhyay]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1929–2011)}}
| [[File:Shailendra Kumar Upadhyaya (5756941595).jpg|80px]]
| 1986–1990
|
|
|
|-
! २१
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | हरिबहादुर बस्नेत&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1942)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1990
|[[मरिचमानसिंह श्रेष्ठ]]
|
|
|-
! २२
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[पशुपति शमशेर जङ्गबहादुर राणा|पशुपति सम्शेर राणा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1941)}}
| [[File:Pashupati Sahamsher.JPG|80px]]
| 1990
|[[लोकेन्द्रबहादुर चन्द]]
|
|
|-
! २३
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1924–2011)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Krishna bhattarai.jpg|80px]]
| 1990–1991
|[[कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई]]
|
|
|-
! २४
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1924–2010)}}&lt;br&gt;{{small|''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri Girija Prasad Koirala being seen off by the Union Minister of Water Resources, Prof. Saif-ud-din Soz at Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi on April 06, 2007 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 1991–1994
|[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! २५
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[माधवकुमार नेपाल|माधव कुमार नेपाल]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1953)}}
| [[File:Madhav Kumar Nepal 2009-09-23.jpg|80px]]
| 1994–1995
|[[मनमोहन अधिकारी]] 
|[[मनमोहन अधिकारी#मन्त्रिपरिषद्|मनमोहन अधिकारी मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०५१]]
|
|-
! २६
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[प्रकाशचन्द्र लोहनी]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1944)}}
| [[File:Prakashchandra Lohani.jpg|80px]]
| 1995–1997
|[[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]
|
|
|-
! २७
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Rabindra Nath Sharma]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1930?–2008)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 1997
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|(26)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[प्रकाशचन्द्र लोहनी]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1944)}}
| [[File:Prakashchandra Lohani.jpg|80px]]
| 1997
|
|
|
|-
! २८
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कमल थापा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1955)}}
| [[File:Kamal Thapa 2015.jpg|80px]]
| 1997–1998
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|(24)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1924–2010)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri Girija Prasad Koirala being seen off by the Union Minister of Water Resources, Prof. Saif-ud-din Soz at Indira Gandhi International Airport in New Delhi on April 06, 2007 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 1998–1999
|[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! {{small|(23)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1924–2011)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Krishna bhattarai.jpg|80px]]
| 1999
|[[कृष्णप्रसाद भट्टराई]]
|
|
|-
! २९
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[रामशरण महत|डा रामशरण महत]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1951)}}
| [[File:Ram Sharan Mahat (4).JPG|80px]]
| 1999–2000
|
|
|
|-
! ३०
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Chakra Bastola]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1946–2018)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 2000–2001
|
|
|
|-
! ३१
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1946)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Sher bahadur.jpg|80px]]
| 2001–2002
|
|
|
|-
! ३२
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Narendra Bikram Shah]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1940)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 2002–2003
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|(17)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[सूर्यबहादुर थापा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1928–2015)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Surya Bahadur Thapa 2005-11-24.jpg|80px]]
| 2003–2004
|
|
|
|-
! ३३
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[Bhekh Bahadur Thapa]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1937)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 2004
|
|
|
|-
! {{small|(31)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1946)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Sher bahadur.jpg|80px]]
| 2004–2005
|
|
|
|-
! ३४
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[रमेशनाथ पाण्डे|रमेश नाथ पाण्डे]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1944)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 2005–2006
|[[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]]
|
|[[ज्ञानेन्द्र वीरविक्रम शाह|राजा ज्ञानेन्द्र]]
|-
! ३५
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1952)}}
| [[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Mr. K.P. Sharma Oli calls on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on April 06, 2018 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 2006–2007
|[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! ३६
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[सहाना प्रधान|साहना प्रधान]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1927–2014)}}
| [[File:Sahana Pradhan.jpg|80px]]
| 2007–2008
|[[गिरिजाप्रसाद कोइराला|गिरिजा प्रसाद कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;| [[नेपाल|सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल]]
!
!
!
|-
! ३७
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[उपेन्द्र यादव]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1960)}}
| [[File:Upendra Yadav at Rajbiraj (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 2008–2009
|[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]
|
|
|-
! ३८
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[सुजाता कोइराला]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1954)}}
| [[File:Sujata Koirala.jpg|80px]]
| 2009–2011
|[[माधवकुमार नेपाल]] 
|
|
|-
! {{small|(37)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[उपेन्द्र यादव]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1960)}}
| [[File:Upendra Yadav at Rajbiraj (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 2011
|[[झलनाथ खनाल]]
|
|
|-
! ३९
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1960)}}
| [[File:Narayan Kaji Shrestha7.JPG|80px]]
| 2011–2012
|[[बाबुराम भट्टराई|डा. बाबुराम भट्टराई]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[बाबुराम भट्टराई मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]
|
|-
! ४०
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[ईश्वर पोखरेल]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1954)}}
| 
| 2012
|[[बाबुराम भट्टराई|डा. बाबुराम भट्टराई]]
|
|-
! {{small|(39)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[नारायणकाजी श्रेष्ठ]] &lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1960)}}
| [[File:Narayan Kaji Shrestha7.JPG|80px]]
| 2012–2013
|[[बाबुराम भट्टराई|डा. बाबुराम भट्टराई]]
|
|-
! ४१
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[माधवप्रसाद घिमिरे (प्रशासक)|माधवप्रसाद घिमिरे]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(1961–2016)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 2013–2014
|[[खिलराज रेग्मी]]
|[[अन्तरिम चुनावी मन्त्रिपरिषद् २०६९]]
|
|-
! ४२
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[महेन्द्र बहादुर पाण्डे]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1948)}}
| [[File:Mahendra Bahadur Pandey, 2014 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 2014–2015
|[[सुशील कोइराला]]
|
|
|-
! {{small|(28)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कमल थापा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1955)}}
| [[File:Kamal Thapa 2015.jpg|80px]]
| 2015–2016
|[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|खड्गप्रसाद शर्मा ओली]] 
|
|
|-
! ४३
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[प्रकाशशरण महत]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1959)}}
| [[File:Dr. Prakash Sharan Mahat in 2016.jpg|80px]]
| 2016–2017
|[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल|पुष्पकमल दाहाल प्रचण्ड]]
|[[दोस्रो प्रचण्ड मन्त्रिपरिषद्|प्रचण्ड मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०७३]]
|
|-
! ४४
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[कृष्णबहादुर महरा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1958)}}
| [[File:Krishna Bahadur mahara.jpg|80px]]
| 2017
|[[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[चौथो देउवा मन्त्रिपरिषद्|देउवा मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०७४]]
|
|-
! {{small|(31)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1946)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Sher bahadur.jpg|80px]]
| 2017–2018
|[[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]
|
|-
! ४५
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[प्रदीपकुमार ज्ञवाली]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1962)}}
| [[File:Pradeep Gyawali.jpg|80px]]
| 2018–2021
|[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]
|[[दोस्रो ओली मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]
|
|-
! ४६
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[रघुबीर महासेठ]]&lt;br&gt;{{small|(b. 1961)}}
| [[File:No image.png|80px]]
| 2021
|[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[तेस्रो ओली मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]
|
|-
! {{small|(35)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1952)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:The Prime Minister of Nepal, Mr. K.P. Sharma Oli calls on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on April 06, 2018 (cropped).jpg|80px]]
| 2021
|[[खड्गप्रसाद ओली|केपी शर्मा ओली]]
|
|-
! {{small|(31)}}
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1946)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Sher bahadur.jpg|80px]]
| 2021
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[शेरबहादुर देउवा]]
|[[पाँचौँ देउवा मन्त्रिपरिषद्, २०७८|पाँचौँ देउवा मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]
|
|-
! ४७
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[नारायण खड्का]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1949)}}
| 
| 2021–2022
|
|
|-
! ४८
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[विमला राई पौड्याल]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1966)}}
| 
| 2023–2023
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[तेस्रो प्रचण्ड मन्त्रिपरिषद्|तेस्रो दाहाल मन्त्रिपरिषद]]
|
|-
! ४९
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[पुष्पकमल दाहाल]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1954)&lt;br&gt;''प्रधानमन्त्रीको रुपमा''}}
| [[File:Prachanda 2009.jpg|80px]]
| 2023–2023
|
|-
! ५०
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[नारायणप्रकाश साउद]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1962)}}
| 
| 16 April 2023–Present
|
|-
! ५४
! align=&quot;center&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal;&quot; | [[शिशिर खनाल]]&lt;br/&gt;{{small|(b. 1978)}}
| [[चित्र:Shishir Khanal Official Portrait RSP.png|केन्द्र|फ्रेमहीन|117x117पिक्सेल]]
| 27 March 2026–Present
| [[बालेन्द्र शाह]]
| [[बालेन शाह मन्त्रिपरिषद्]]
| [[रामचन्द्र पौडेल]]
|}

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{reflist}}
==बाह्य कडीहरू==

* [http://mofa.gov.np/ परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयको आधिकारिक वेबसाइट]
{{नेपालको परराष्ट्र सम्बन्ध}}</text>
      <sha1>1o2yny8ce4345p3a1hszvfo4nh32r3l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>मोड्युल:Params</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>137765</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363327</id>
      <parentid>1362137</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T19:22:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>67752</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Upstream updates</comment>
      <origin>1363327</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="81730" sha1="fdgmy2j5zj2k25i8s1rqr5wi8hre2zs" xml:space="preserve">require[[strict]]


	---                                        ---
	---     LOCAL ENVIRONMENT                  ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Abstract utilities ]]--
	----------------------------


-- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers)
local function zero_padded (str)
	return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str)
end


-- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting)
local function natural_sort (var1, var2)
	return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) &lt; var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded)
end


-- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number
local function get_parameter_name (par_str)
	local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end
	return tonumber(ret)
end


-- Return a copy or a reference to a table
local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly)
	if refonly then return src end
	local newtab = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end
	return newtab
end


-- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left
local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len)
	local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt;= idx then
			if key &gt; tmp then cache[key - len] = val end
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = 1 - idx
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = idx - 1
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and
-- always parsing numeric strings as numbers
local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey)
	local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey)
	if skey ~= realkey then
		dest[realkey] = val
		src[skey] = nil
	end
end


-- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys
local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn)
	local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nn = nn + 1
			nums[nn] = key
		else
			nw = nw + 1
			words[nw] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	table.sort(words, sort_fn)
	return nums, words, nn, nw
end


	--[[ Public strings ]]--
	------------------------


-- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local mkeywords = {
	['or'] = 0,
	pattern = 1,
	plain = 2,
	strict = 3
}


-- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local sortfunctions = {
	alphabetically = false,
	naturally = natural_sort
}


-- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers
-- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
--[[

Meanings of the columns:

  col[1] = Loop type (0-3)
  col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3)
  col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback
  col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name
  col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value
  col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]`
  col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]`

A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`)

]]--
local mapping_styles = {
	names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 },
	values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 },
	values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 },
	names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 },
	names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 },
	names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 },
	values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 },
	blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
}


-- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local memoryslots = {
	h = 'header',
	f = 'footer',
	i = 'itersep',
	l = 'lastsep',
	n = 'ifngiven',
	p = 'pairsep',
	s = 'oxfordsep'
}


-- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier
local trim_parse_opts = {
	trim_none = { false, false },
	trim_positional = { false, true },
	trim_named = { true, false },
	trim_all = { true, true }
}


-- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local isep_parse_opts = {
	splitter_pattern = false,
	splitter_string = true
}


-- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local psep_parse_opts = {
	setter_pattern = false,
	setter_string = true
}


-- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier
local position_references = {
	add_nothing = 0,
	add_smallest_number = 1,
	add_last_of_sequence = 2,
	add_largest_number = 3
}


-- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `let`


	--[[ Module's private environment ]]--
	--------------------------------------


-- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`)
local modulename = 'Module:Params'


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args`
-- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also
-- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available
local refpipe = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	--coins = true,
	count = true,
	evaluating = true,
	for_each = true,
	list = true,
	list_values = true,
	list_maybe_with_names = true,
	value_of = true
}


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the
-- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if 
-- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own
-- (modified) copy available
local refparams = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	combining = true,
	combining_by_calling = true,
	combining_values = true,
	concat_and_call = true,
	concat_and_invoke = true,
	concat_and_magic = true,
	count = true,
	grouping_by_calling = true,
	mixing_names_and_values = true,
	renaming_by_mixing = true,
	renaming_to_sequence = true,
	renaming_to_uppercase = true,
	renaming_to_lowercase = true,
	--renaming_to_values = true,
	shifting = true,
	splicing = true,
	--swapping_names_and_values = true,
	value_of = true,
	with_name_matching = true
}


-- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we
-- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its
-- optimal value at Module talk:Params)
local maxfill = 1024


-- The private table of functions
local library = {}


-- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position
local static_iface = {}


-- Create a new context
local function context_new (child_frame)
	local ctx = {}
	ctx.frame = child_frame:getParent()
	ctx.opipe = child_frame.args
	ctx.oparams = ctx.frame.args
	ctx.firstposonly = static_iface
	ctx.iterfunc = pairs
	ctx.sorttype = 0
	ctx.n_parents = 0
	ctx.n_children = 0
	ctx.n_available = maxfill
	return ctx
end


-- Move to the next action within the user-given list
local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward)
	local nextfn
	if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then
		nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	if nextfn == nil then error(modulename ..
		': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
	if library[nextfn] == nil then
		if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0)
		else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn ..
			'’ directive can only appear in first position', 0)
		end
	end
	remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward)
	return library[nextfn]
end


-- Main loop
local function main_loop (ctx, start_with)
	local fn = start_with
	repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn
	if ctx.n_parents &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end
	if ctx.n_children &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end
end


-- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table
local function set_strings (dest, opts, start_from)
	local cmd
	if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end
	cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/')
		:match'^/*(.*[^/])'
	if cmd == nil then return start_from end
	local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1
	local vname
	local chr
	for idx = 1, #cmd do
		chr = cmd:byte(idx)
		if chr == sep then
			for key, val in ipairs(amap) do
				dest[val] = opts[argc]
				amap[key] = nil
			end
			argc = argc + 1
		else
			vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)]
			if vname == nil then error(modulename ..
				', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' ..
				string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end
			table.insert(amap, vname)
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end
	return argc
end


-- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children`
local function push_cloned_stack (ctx, tbl)
	local newparams = {}
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
end


-- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or
-- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil`
local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg)
	if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	local tmp = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if tmp == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false end
	tmp = sortfunctions[tmp]
	if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	return tmp or nil, 2, true
end


-- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let]|[...][number of additional
-- parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]`
local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after)
	local tbl, pin = {}, start_from
	local names
	if src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' and
		src[pin + 1] ~= nil and src[pin + 2] ~= nil
	then
		names = {}
		repeat
			names[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])] = src[pin + 2]
			pin = pin + 3
		until src[pin] == nil or not src[pin]:match'^%s*let%s*$' or
			src[pin + 1] == nil or src[pin + 2] == nil
	end
	local tmp = tonumber(src[pin])
	if tmp ~= nil and math.floor(tmp) == tmp then
		if tmp &lt; 0 then tmp = -1 end
		local shf = append_after - pin
		for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp do tbl[idx + shf] = src[idx] end
		pin = pin + tmp + 1
	end
	if names ~= nil then
		for key, val in pairs(names) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return tbl, pin
end


-- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*`
-- class of modifiers
local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style)
	local style
	local shf
	local tmp = src[n_skip + 1]
	if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1
	else shf = n_skip end
	local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5]
	tmp = style[6]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			karg = tonumber(karg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[7]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			varg = tonumber(varg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg)
		end
	end
	local dest, nargs = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf, n_exist)
	tmp = style[1]
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 2 end
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 1 end
	return dest, nargs, tmp, karg, varg
end


-- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of
-- modifiers
local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami)
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end
	local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3
	if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end
	local flg = opts[argc]
	if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end
	return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax &lt; 1) or
		(flg == 3 and ptn == repl)
end


-- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers
local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami)
	local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1
	local keyw
	for _, val in ipairs(opts) do
		if state == 0 then
			nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1
			ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false }
		else
			keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or (
				state &gt; 0 and mkeywords[keyw] &gt; 0
			) then break
			else
				state = mkeywords[keyw]
				if state &gt; 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end
				if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end
			end
		end
		cnt = cnt + 1
	end
	if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami ..
		'’: No pattern was given', 0) end
	return ptns, nptns, cnt
end


-- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing` and `reinterpreting` modifiers
local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp)
	local tmp
	local optslots, noptslots, argc = { true, true, true }, 3, start_from
	local trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain = true, false, true, true
	repeat
		noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc]
		if tmp == nil then break end
		tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp]
			trimn, trimu = tmp[1], tmp[2]
			optslots[1] = nil
		elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			iplain, isp = isep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc]
			optslots[2] = nil
		elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			pplain, psp = psep_parse_opts[tmp], opts[argc]
			optslots[3] = nil
		else break end
		argc = argc + 1
	until noptslots &lt; 1
	return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc
end


-- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table
local value_maps = {
	[0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end
	end,
	[1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end
}


-- Private table for `map_names()`
local name_thieves = {
	[0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end
}


-- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table
local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn)
	local cache = {}
	name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric
-- suffixes in its keys
local function make_groups (src)
	-- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable!
	local prefix
	local gid
	local groups = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		-- `key` must only be a string or a number...
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$'
			gid = tonumber(gid) or ''
		else
			prefix = ''
			gid = key
		end
		if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end
		if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			prefix = tonumber(prefix)
			if prefix &lt; 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end
		end
		groups[gid][prefix] = val
	end
	return groups
end


-- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and
-- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length
local function parse_placeholder_string (target)
	local skel = {}
	local canvas = {}
	local idx = 1
	local s_pos = 1
	local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false)
	while e_pos ~= nil do
		canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1)
		skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@'
		idx = idx + 2
		s_pos = e_pos + 2
		e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false)
	end
	if (s_pos &gt; target:len()) then idx = idx - 1
	else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end
	return skel, canvas, idx
end


-- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string
local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru)
	local key
	local val
	local spos1
	local spos2
	local pos1
	local pos2
	local pos3 = 0
	local idx = 1
	local lenplone = #str + 1
	if isp == nil or isp == '' then
		if psp == nil or psp == '' then
			if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else tbl[idx] = str end
			return idx
		end
		spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else val = str end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = str:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
		return idx
	end
	if psp == nil or psp == '' then
		repeat
			pos1 = pos3 + 1
			pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
			val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			tbl[idx] = val
			idx = idx + 1
		until pos2 == nil
		return idx
	end
	repeat
		pos1 = pos3 + 1
		pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
		val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
		spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = val:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
	until pos2 == nil
	return idx
end


-- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values`
local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function
	-- MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local vars = {}
	local sortfn, tmp, do_sort = load_sort_opt(opts[2])
	local argc = set_strings(vars, opts, tmp + 1)
	if argc &lt; tmp then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end
	if next(tbl) == nil then
		if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then
			ctx.params = {
				[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven
			}
		elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end
		return argc
	end
	local cache
	local len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end
		len = len + tmp
	else
		cache = {}
		len = 0
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = key
		end
	end
	local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or ''
	for idx = 1, len do
		tmp = cache[idx]
		pmap[nss + 1] = pps
		pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs)
		nss = nss + 2
	end
	tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep
	if tmp ~= nil and nss &gt; 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp
	elseif nss &gt; 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then
		pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep
	end
	pmap[1] = vars.header or ''
	if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end
	ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) }
	return argc
end


-- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric
-- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options
-- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters
local function concat_params (ctx)
	local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		-- We need only the sequence
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end
	else
		if ctx.subset == -1 then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				retval[key + nmax] = val
			else retval[key] = val end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end
	return retval
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this
-- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function flush_params (ctx, fn)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
			for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
			return
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset ~= -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value
-- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_oth)
		return
	end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		local sequence = {}
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do
			if sequence[nums[idx]] then
				fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]])
			else
				fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]])
			end
		end
		if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
		fn_seq(key, val)
		tbl[key] = nil
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
end


-- Finalize and return a concatenated list
local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize)
	if len &gt; 0 then
		local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep
		if tmp ~= nil and len &gt; modsize * 2 then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp
		elseif len &gt; modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep
		end
		lst[1] = ctx.header or ''
		if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end
		ctx.text = table.concat(lst)
	else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
end


	--[[ Modifiers ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to
library.sequential = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc = ipairs
	ctx.subset = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to
library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc = pairs
	ctx.subset = -1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to
library.all_sorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to
library.reassorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 2
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to
library.setting = function (ctx)
	local argc = set_strings(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1)
	if argc &lt; 2 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|pipe to
library.scoring = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local retval = 0
	for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = tostring(retval)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to
library.squeezing = function (ctx)
	local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			newlen = newlen + 1
			indices[newlen] = key
			store[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	table.sort(indices)
	for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to
library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx)
	local tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums = ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmax == nil then
				if key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
				nmax = key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
			nnums = nnums + 1
			tmp[key] = val
		end
	end
	if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin &gt; nnums then
		ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax
		if ctx.n_available &lt; 0 then error(modulename ..
			', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' ..
			tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end
		for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = '' end
		for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to
library.clearing = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to
library.cutting = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local len = #tbl
	if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
	if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
	local tot = lcut + rcut
	if tot &gt; 0 then
		local cache = {}
		if tot &gt;= len then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
			tot = len
		else
			for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				if key &gt; len then cache[key - tot] = val
				else cache[key - lcut] = val end
				tbl[key] = nil
			end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to
library.cropping = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local nmin
	local nmax
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	if nmin ~= nil then
		local len = nmax - nmin + 1
		if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
		if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
		if lcut + rcut - len &gt; -1 then
			for key in pairs(tbl) do
				if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end
			end
		elseif lcut + rcut &gt; 0 then
			for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1
			if lshift &gt; 0 then
				for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do
					tbl[idx - lshift] = tbl[idx]
					tbl[idx] = nil
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.purging = function (ctx)
	local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &lt; 1 then
		len = len + table.maxn(tbl)
		if idx &gt; len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = len - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.backpurging = function (ctx)
	local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local idx
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &gt; 0 then
		idx = last - len + 1
	else
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or
				key &lt; idx) then idx = key end
		end
		if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		idx = idx - len
		if last &lt; idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = last - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to
library.shifting = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then
		error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end
	local tbl = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val
		else tbl[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to
library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local shift = #tbl + 1
	if shift &lt; 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	local nmax
	local nmin
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0
	local tmp
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nsize = nsize + 1
			cache[nsize] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(cache)
	for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do
		tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ]
		tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ]
		tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to
library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx)
	local sortfn
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then
		sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$']
	end
	if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn)
	else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil`
	if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment|
--            [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to
library.splicing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp1 = opts[1]
	local tmp2
	local argc
	local pos
	local refp
	if tmp1 ~= nil then
		tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1)
		if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then
			pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4,
				tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if tmp2 ~= nil then
				refp = position_references[tmp2]
				if refp == nil then error(modulename ..
					', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) ..
					'’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end
			else refp = 0 end
		else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end
	else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end
	if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end
	if refp == 2 then
		for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end
		refp = 0
	end
	tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil
	if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' then
				if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key
				elseif key &lt; tmp1 then tmp1 = key
				elseif key &gt; tmp2 then tmp2 = key end
			end
		end
	end
	if tmp2 == nil then len = 0
	elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2
	elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end
	if len &gt; 0 and pos + len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len)
	elseif len &lt; 0 and pos - len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len)
	else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end
	ctx.params = tbl
	tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc])
	if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 1) then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end
	if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	tmp2 = argc - pos + 1
	for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to
library.imposing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2]
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to
library.providing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end
	local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])
	if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to
library.discarding = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil then
		ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end
	if len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end
	for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to
library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to
library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_name_matching = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_matching')
	local tmp
	local ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local newparams = {}
	for idx = 1, nptns do
		ptn = targets[idx]
		if ptn[3] then
			tmp = ptn[1]
			if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
				tmp = tonumber(tmp)
			end
			newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp]
		else
			for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
				if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
					newparams[key] = val
				end
			end
		end
	end
	ctx.params = newparams
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_not_matching')
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then
		local tmp = targets[1][1]
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil
		else tbl[tmp] = nil end
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local yesmatch
	local ptn
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_value_matching = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_matching')
	local nomatch
	local ptn
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		nomatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val == ptn[1] then
					nomatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				nomatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_not_matching')
	local yesmatch
	local ptn
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to
library.trimming_values = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter
--            1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.values_only)
	local model = { title = tname, args = margs }
	value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2,
		mapping_styles.values_only)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument
--            1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.values_only)
	value_maps[looptype](ctx.params, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if mix == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to
library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1])
	local cache
	local len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		local wl
		cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end
		for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end
	else
		cache = {}
		len = 0
		for _, val in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional parameters]|[parameter
--            1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.names_only)
	local model = { title = tname, args = rargs }
	map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 2,
		mapping_styles.names_only)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let]|[...][number of additional arguments]|[argument
--            1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg = load_callback_opts(opts, 1,
		mapping_styles.names_only)
	map_names(ctx.params, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs)
	end)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn)
		local val = tbl[ptn]
		if val ~= nil then
			tbl[ptn] = nil
			tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = val
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		local cache = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache,
				tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax))
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache = {}
	if mix == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	else
		local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val
				else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to
--[[
library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template
--            name|[let]|[...]|[number of additional arguments]|[argument
--            1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tmp
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tmp = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local argc
	tmp, argc = load_child_opts(opts, 2, 0)
	local gargs = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &lt; 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val
		else gargs[key] = val end
	end
	local groups = make_groups(ctx.params)
	for gid, group in pairs(groups) do
		for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0] = gid
		model.args = group
		groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end
	ctx.params = groups
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.parsing = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
		trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim
--            flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter
--            setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.reinterpreting = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local str = tbl[tmp]
	if str ~= nil then
		tbl[tmp] = nil
		parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
			trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.evaluating = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':')
	if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then
		ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe)
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local new_opts, cache = {}, {}
	local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain,
		psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; 1 then new_opts[key] = val
		elseif key &gt;= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end
	ctx.pipe = new_opts
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to
library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end
	local cache = {}
	local mix_k, mix_v = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$', ctx.pipe[2]
	local tmp
	if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key)
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end
	else
		local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k)
		local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			tmp = tostring(key)
			for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do
				if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end
			end
			for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do
				if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] =
				table.concat(cnv_v)
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort order]|setting
--            directives|...|pipe to
library.combining = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end,
		'combining'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return val end,
		'combining_values'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
			title = tname,
			args = ctx.params
		}
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new
--            parameter name|pipe to
library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local mname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = ctx.pipe[2]
	if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] =
			tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 4)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local magic = ctx.pipe[1]
	if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] =
			ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params)
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|snapshotting|pipe to
library.snapshotting = function (ctx)
	push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.params)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|remembering|pipe to
library.remembering = function (ctx)
	push_cloned_stack(ctx, ctx.oparams)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to
library.entering_substack = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents + 1
	if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl }
	else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then
		ctx.params = {}
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	if currsnap &gt; 0 then
		ctx.params = ctx.children[currsnap]
		ctx.children[currsnap] = nil
		ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1
	else
		local newparams = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
		ctx.params = newparams
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to
library.pulling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end
	local parent
	local tmp = ctx.n_parents
	if tmp &lt; 1 then parent = ctx.oparams else parent = ctx.parents[tmp] end
	tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to
library.detaching_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to
library.dropping_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to
library.leaving_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end
	ctx.params = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to
library.merging_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	local child = ctx.params
	ctx.params = parent
	ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = nil
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent - 1
	for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to
library.flushing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.params
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end
	ctx.children[currsnap] = nil
	ctx.n_children = currsnap - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


	--[[ Functions ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|count
library.count = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local retval = 0
	for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end
	ctx.text = retval
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]
--            |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value
--            n]|[...]
library.concat_and_call = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
		title = tname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	}
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend
--            1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            item n=value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2)
	local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{
		title = 'Module:' .. mname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	})
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend
--            2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=
--            value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx))
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name
library.value_of = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local val
	local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
		key = tonumber(key)
		val = ctx.params[key]
		-- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in
		-- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable)
		if val ~= nil and (
			ctx.subset ~= -1 or key &gt; #ctx.params or key &lt; 1
		) and (
			ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key &lt;= #ctx.params and key &gt; 0)
		) then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	else
		val = ctx.params[key]
		if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	end
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list
library.list = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = key
			ret[nss + 3] = kvs
			ret[nss + 4] = val
			nss = nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_values
library.list_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	-- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us
	local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = val
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names
library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	mixed_flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = ''
			ret[nss + 3] = ''
			ret[nss + 4] = val
			nss = nss + 4
		end,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = key
			ret[nss + 3] = kvs
			ret[nss + 4] = val
			nss = nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value
--            2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.coins = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin =
--            value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
library.unique_coins = function (ctx)
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		tmp = get_parameter_name(val)
		tbl[key] = opts[tmp]
		opts[tmp] = nil
	end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext
library.for_each = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or ''
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
				else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			ret[nss + 1] = pps
			ret[nss + 2] = table.concat(cnv)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = key
			opts[2] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append
--            1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]
--            |[named param n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]

	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = key
			opts[2] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = key
			opts[2] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local tname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname
	local fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]
--            |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            param n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			opts[1] = val
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local tmp
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val
		else opts[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.pipe = opts
	ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params)
	flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (gid, group)
			for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end
			group[0] = gid
			model.args = group
			ret[nss + 1] = ccs
			ret[nss + 2] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
			nss = nss + 2
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


	---                                        ---
	---     PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT                 ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|new|pipe to
static_iface.new = function (child_frame)
	local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
	ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false)
	ctx.params = {}
	main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1))
	return ctx.text
end


	--[[ First-position-only functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|self
static_iface.self = function (frame)
	return frame:getParent():getTitle()
end


	--[[ Public metatable of functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (_, query)
		local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
			': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
		local func = static_iface[fname]
		if func ~= nil then return func end
		func = library[fname]
		if func == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
		return function (child_frame)
			local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
			ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname])
			ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname])
			main_loop(ctx, func)
			return ctx.text
		end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>fdgmy2j5zj2k25i8s1rqr5wi8hre2zs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>वाराणसीमा घाटहरू</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148043</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363328</id>
      <parentid>1334934</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T03:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-35849-34</username>
        <id>79463</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* घाटहरूको सूची */</comment>
      <origin>1363328</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="36483" sha1="cwtk1rm3i07d57nenr6by9rvl24cg29" xml:space="preserve">
[[चित्र:Ahilya_Ghat_by_the_Ganges,_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|184x184पिक्सेल|गंगा नदी किनारमा रहेको अहिल्या घाट, वाराणसी]]
[[चित्र:Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|185x185पिक्सेल|चेत सिंह घाट, वाराणसी]]
[[चित्र:Kedar_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|183x183पिक्सेल|केदार घाट, वाराणसी]]
वाराणसीमा रहेका घाटहरू [[गङ्गा नदी|गङ्गा]] नदीको किनारमा पुग्ने नदी किनारका सिँढीहरू हुन्। सहरमा ८४ वटा घाटहरू छन्। अधिकांश घाटहरू स्नान र [[पूजा]] समारोह घाटहरू हुन्, जबकि दुई घाटहरू, मणिकर्णिका र हरिशचन्द्र, विशेष रूपमा दाहसंस्कार स्थलहरूको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;Rob Bowden (2003), The Ganges, {{ISBN|978-0739860700}}, Heinemann&lt;/ref&gt;

वाराणसीका अधिकांश घाटहरू १८ औँ शताब्दीमा [[मराठी जाति|मराठा]] संरक्षणमा पुनर्निर्माण गरिएको थियो। वर्तमान घाटका संरक्षकहरू बनारसका महाराजा, मराठा, सिन्देस ([[सिन्धिया|सिन्धिया)]] होल्कर, भोँसले र पेशवे (पेशवा) थिए। धेरै घाटहरू किंवदन्ती वा पौराणिक कथाहरूसँग सम्बन्धित छन् जबकि अन्य घाटहरूको निजी इतिहास र प्रयोगकर्ताहरू छन्। घाटको किनारमा गङ्गामा बिहानको डुङ्गा सवारी पर्यटकहरूको लोकप्रिय आकर्षण हो।

== व्युत्पत्ति ==
यो [[संस्कृत]] आएको हो, &quot;घट&quot; (संस्कृतः घट) । यसको अर्थ तटबन्ध वा अवतरण स्थान हो।&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Kashi ke Ghat|date=1996|location=Varanasi}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFShankar1996&quot;&gt;Shankar, Hari (1996). ''Kashi ke Ghat'' (1&amp;nbsp;ed.). Varanasi: Vishwvidyalaya Prakashan.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

''घाट'', [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]] प्रयोग हुने शब्द, सन्दर्भको आधारमा [[पूर्वी घाट|पूर्वी]] घाट र [[पश्चिमी घाट]] जस्तो पाइला चालेका पहाडहरूको दायरा वा पानी वा घाटको निकायमा जाने चरणहरूको श्रृंखलालाई बुझाउन सकिन्छ, स्नान वा दाहसंस्कारका लागि वाराणसीको घाट, धोबी घाट वा [[आप्रवासी घाट|अप्रवासी घाट]] जस्ता नदी वा पोखरीको किनारमा।.&lt;ref name=&quot;dict1&quot;&gt;Sunithi L. Narayan, Revathy Nagaswami, 1992, [https://books.google.com/books?id=miZuAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=ghat+means Discover sublime India: handbook for tourists], Page 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dict2&quot;&gt;[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ghat Ghat definition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053346/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ghat|date=30 January 2019}}, Cambridge dictionary.&lt;/ref&gt; घाट हुँदै जाने सडकलाई घाट सडक भनिन्छ।

== घाटहरूको सूची ==
वाराणसी सहरले नाम दिएका र गणना गरेका घाटहरू तिनीहरूको स्थान अनुसार आरोही क्रममा सूचीबद्ध छन् (अस्सी घाटदेखि आदि केशव घाटसम्म)  

भाग १: अस्सी घाट देखि प्रयाग घाट (१-४१) 

{{colbegin}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=50%
! नम्बर
! नाम
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|तस्वीर
|-
| १
| [[अस्सी घाट]]
| [[File:Assi Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २
| [[गंगा महल घाट (I)]]
| [[File:Ganga Mahal Ghat Assi, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३
| [[रिवान घाट]]
| [[File:Rewa Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ४
| [[तुलसी घाट]]
| [[File:Tulasi Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ५
| भदैनी घाट
| [[File:Bhadaini Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ६
| जानकी घाट
| [[File:Janaki Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ७
| [[आनन्दमयी मा|माता आनन्दमाई]]
| [[File:Anandamayi,Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ८
| वच्छराजा घाट
| [[File:Vaccharaja Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ९
| जैन घाट
| [[File:Jain Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १०
| निषादराज घाट
| [[File:Nishadraj Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ११
| प्रभु घाट
| [[File:Prabhu Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १२
| पञ्चकोटा घाट
| [[File:Panchakot Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १३
| चेतसिंह घाट
| [[File:Chet Singh Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १४
| निरञ्जनी घाट
| [[File:Niranjani Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १५
| महानिरवानी घाट
| not available
|-
| १६
| शिवला घाट
| [[File:Shivala Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १७
| गुलरिया घाट
| [[File:Gulariya Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १८
| डाँडी घाट
|- 
| १९
| हनुमान घाट
| not available
|-
| २०
| प्राचीना (पुरानो) हनुमान घाट
| [[File:Prachin Hanuman Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २१
| कर्नाटक घाट
| [[File:Karnataka Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २२
| हरिश्चन्द्र घाट
| [[File:Harishchandra Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]] 
|-
| २३
| लाली घाट
| [[File:Lali Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २४
| विजयनगरम घाट
| [[File:Vijayanagaram Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २५
| केदार घाट
| [[File:Kedar Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २६
| काउकी (चौकी) घाट
| [[File:Chauki Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २७
| क्षेमेश्वर / सोमेश्वर घाट
| [[File:Kshemeshvara Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २८
| मानसरोवर घाट
| [[File:Mansarovar Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २९
| नारद घाट
| [[File:Narada_Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३०
| राजा घाट अमृत राव [[पेशवा]] द्वारा पुनर्निर्माण
| [[File:Raja Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३१
| खोरी घाट
| not available
|-
| ३२
| पाण्डे घाट
| [[File:Pandey Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३३
| सर्वेश्वर घाट
| not available
|-
| ३४
| दिग्पातिया घाट
| [[File:Diigpatiya Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३५
| कौसठी घाट
| [[File:Chausatthi Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३६
| राणा महल घाट
| [[File:Ranamahal Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३७
| [[दरभंगा घाट]]
| [[File:Darbhanga Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३८
| [[मुन्शी घाट]]
| [[File:Munshi Ghat.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३९
| अहिल्याबाई घाट
| [[File:Ahilyabai Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ४०
| सितला घाट
| [[File:Shitala Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ४१
| [[दशाश्वमेध घाट]]
| [[File:Dashashvamedh Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
|}

{{colend}}

भाग २ः प्रयागदेखि आदि केशव घाटसम्म (४२–८४)
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;
!नम्बर
!नाम
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |तस्विर
|-
|४२
|प्रयाग घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|४३
|राजेन्द्र प्रसाद घाट
|..
|-
|४४
|मान मन्दिर घाट
|[[चित्र:Man_Mandir_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|४५
|त्रिपुरा भैरवी घाट
|[[चित्र:Tripurabhairavi_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|४६
|मीरा (मीर) घाट
|[[चित्र:Meer_Ghat_2.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|४७
|यज्ञेश्वर/नया घाट
|यज्ञेश्वर घाटको पुरानो स्थल
|-
|४८
|नेपाली घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|४९
|ललिता घाट
|[[चित्र:Lalita_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५०
|बाउली/उमरोगिरी/अमरोहा घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|५१
|जलसेन (जलसायी घाट) 
|[[चित्र:Jalasen_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५२
|क्षीरिकी घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|५३
|मणिकर्णिका घाट
|[[चित्र:Manikarnika_Ghat,_Varanas.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५४
|बाजीराव घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|५५
|सिन्धिया घाट
|[[चित्र:Scindia_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५६
|सङ्कथा घाट
|[[चित्र:Sanktha_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५७
|गंगा महल घाट (II) 
|[[चित्र:Benares-_Temple_on_Ganges_in_state_of_collapse,_India,_ca._1906_(IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-59).jpg|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५८
|भोन्सले घाट
|[[चित्र:Bhonsale_Ghat_(13535658844).jpg|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५९
|नया घाट
|सन् 1822 को प्रिन्सेपको नक्सामा यसलाई गुलेरिया घाट नाम दिइएको थियो।
|-
|६०
|जिनेसा/अग्निश्वर घाट
|
|-
|६१
|मेहता घाट
|औपचारिक रूपमा यो अघिल्लो घाटको हिस्सा थियो, तर V.S.Mehta अस्पताल (1962) निर्माण पछि यो पछिल्लो घाटको नामबाट चिनिन्छ।
|-
|६२
|रामा घाट
|[[चित्र:Ram_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६३
|जटारा घाट
|[[चित्र:Jatar_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६४
|राजा ग्वालियर घाट
|[[चित्र:Raja_Gwalior_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६५
|मङ्गला गौरी घाट (बाला घाटको नामले पनि चिनिन्छ) 
|[[चित्र:Balaji_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६६
|वेनिमाधव घाट
|पञ्चगङ्गा घाटको भाग र जसलाई बिन्दु माधव घाट पनि भनिन्छ
|-
|६७
|पञ्चगङ्गा घाट
|[[चित्र:PanchaGanga_Ghat,_Varanasi_(2).JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६८
|दुर्गा घाट
|[[चित्र:Durga_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६९
|ब्रह्मा घाट
|[[चित्र:Brahma_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७०
|बुन्दी परकोटा घाट
|[[चित्र:Bundi_Parkota_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७१
| (आदित्य शीतल घाट) 
|यो अघिल्लो घाटको विस्तारित भाग हो।
|-
|७२
|लाल घाट
|[[चित्र:Lal_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७३
|हनुमानगढ घाट
|[[चित्र:Hanumangarhi_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७४
|गया/गाई घाट
|[[चित्र:Gai_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७५
|बद्री नायर घाट
|[[चित्र:Badrinarayan_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|200x200पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७६
|त्रिलोचन घाट
|[[चित्र:Trilochan_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७७
|गोला घाट
|12 औँ शताब्दीको अन्त्यदेखि। यो साइट फेरी पोइन्टको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको थियो र धेरै अन्न भण्डारहरूका लागि पनि चिनिन्थ्यो (गोल्ड) 
|-
|७८
|नन्देश्वर/नन्दु घाट
|[[चित्र:Nandesvara_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७९
|सक्का घाट
|[[चित्र:Sakka_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|८०
|तेलिया नाला घाट
|[[चित्र:Telianala_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|८१
|नया/फुटा घाट
|18 औँ शताब्दीमा घाट-क्षेत्र सुनसान भयो (फुटाह) तर पछि यसलाई नवीकरण गरियो। यसरी घाटलाई पहिले फुटा र पछि नया भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो।
|-
|८२
|प्रहलाद घाट
|[[चित्र:Prahlad_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|८३
|राजा घाट (भैसासुर राजघाट/लर्ड डफरिन पुल/मालवीय पुल
|
|-
|८४
|आदि केशव घाट
|
|-
|
|सन्त रविदास घाट
|
|-
|
|निषाद घाट (प्रहलादबाट विभाजित) 
|
|-
|
|रानी घाट
|
|-
|
|श्री पञ्च अग्नि अखाडा घाट
|
|-
|
|तथागट घाट/बुद्ध घाट
|
|-
|८९
|ना मो घाट
|हालैको निर्माण, [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] उपनाम (नमो) पछि राखिएको छ।
|-
|}

== लोकप्रिय घाटहरू ==
पौराणिक स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, यस नदीको किनारमा पाँचवटा प्रमुख घाटहरू छन् जुन पवित्र सहर ''काशी'' परिभाषित विशेषतासँग सम्बन्धित भएकाले महत्त्वपूर्ण छन्ः अस्सी घाट, दशाश्वमेध घाट, मणिकर्णिका घाट, पञ्चगङ्गा घाट, राजेन्द्र प्रसाद घाट र आदि केशव घाट।&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Kashi ke Ghat|date=1996|location=Varanasi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== अस्सी घाट ===
सुख्खा नदी असीसँग गङ्गाको सङ्गममा अवस्थित हुने यो घाटले सहरको परम्परागत दक्षिणी सीमालाई चिह्नित गर्दछ। घाटमा रहेको ''असि'' मन्दिरको उल्लेख स्कन्दमहापुरानको ''काशी खण्ड'' पाइन्छ। यो घाट धेरै लोकप्रिय छ किनभने यो धेरै थोरै घाटहरू मध्ये एक हो जुन फराकिलो सडकबाट सहरसँग जोडिएको छ। यो [[काशी हिन्दु विश्वविद्यालय|बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय]] सबैभन्दा नजिकको प्रमुख घाट पनि हो। अस्सी घाटको नाम अस्सी नदीबाट आएको हो। यस स्थानमा दुईवटा लिङ्गको पूजा गरिन्छ। अस्सी घाटलाई केही [[पुराण|पुराणहरू]] देवी [[दुर्गा]] दुई असुर, सुम्बा र निशुम्बालाई पराजित गरेको स्थानको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ। अस्सी घाट त्यो स्थान पनि हो जहाँ [[तुलसीदास]] ''[[रामचरितमानस]]'' पूरा गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt; प्रधानमन्त्री [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] ले १७  सेप्टेम्बर २०१५ मा प्रधानमन्त्रीको जन्मदिनको अवसरमा यहाँ पानीको एटीएम सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;Rob Bowden (2003), The Ganges, {{ISBN|978-0739860700}}, Heinemann&lt;/ref&gt;

=== दशाश्वमेध घाट ===
[[चित्र:Ganga_Aarti_at_Varanasi_ghats.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|267x267पिक्सेल|दशश्वमेध घाट, वाराणसीमा [[गङ्गा नदी|गङ्गा]] [[आरती]]]]
दशाश्वमेध घाट [[काशी विश्वनाथ|विश्वनाथ मन्दिर]] नजिक अवस्थित छ र सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय घाट हो। पौराणिक कथाअनुसार [[ब्रह्मा]] यहाँ दस [[अश्वमेध यज्ञ|अश्वमेध]] यज्ञहरू गरे।.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt; शिव, देवी गङ्गा, सूर्य, अग्नि, साथै सम्पूर्ण ब्रह्माण्डलाई समर्पण गर्दै प्रत्येक साँझ यस घाटमा आरती गरिन्छ।

=== मणिकर्णिका घाट ===
{{Varanasi}}मणिकर्णिका घाट दाहसंस्कार स्थलहरू मध्ये एक हो।.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt; त्यहाँ दुई किंवदन्तीहरू छन, जुन मणिकर्णिका घाटसँग सम्बन्धित छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Varanasi Guru |date=5 September 2020 |title=Manikarnika Kund |url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/manikarnika-ghat/ |via=Varanasi Guru}}&lt;/ref&gt; एकका अनुसार, [[विष्णु]] आफ्नो चक्र प्रयोग गरेर खाडल खोसेर विभिन्न तपस्या गर्दा आफ्नो पसिनाले भरिदिए। विष्णुलाई हेर्दै गर्दा शिवको एउटा कानको झुम्का वा मणिकर्णिका खाडलमा खस्यो। दोस्रो किंवदन्ती अनुसार, शिवलाई संसारभरि यात्रा गर्नबाट रोक्नका लागि [[पार्वती]] यस स्थानमा आफ्ना कानका झुम्काहरू लुकाएकी थिइन्। उनले उनलाई गङ्गाको किनारमा कानका झुम्काहरू गुमाएको बताइन्। यस किंवदन्तीमा, जब पनि मणिकर्णिका घाटमा शरीर दाहसंस्कार गरिन्छ, शिवले आत्मालाई सोध्छन् कि उसले कानका झुम्काहरू देखेको छ कि छैन।&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== राजघाट ===
काशी रेलवे स्टेसन नजिकै अवस्थित यो वाराणसीको प्रसिद्ध घाटहरू मध्ये एक हो। यो राजघाट पुलको छेउमा अवस्थित छ। प्रसिद्ध रविदास मन्दिर यस घाटमा अवस्थित छ। यो पिण्ड दान र अस्थि-विसर्जन समारोहहरूका लागि पनि प्रसिद्ध छ। काशीका प्रसिद्ध पुजारीहरू यहाँ बस्छन्। घाटमा पार्किङ सुविधा उपलब्ध गराएर यातायातका विभिन्न साधनहरूद्वारा सजिलै पुग्न सकिन्छ। यो घाट काशीको साँघुरो गल्लीबाट हिँड्न नसक्ने अपाङ्गता भएका मानिसहरूका लागि पनि अनुकूल छ। तिनीहरू यहाँ सजिलै कार वा बाइकबाट पुग्न सक्छन्।

=== सिन्धिया घाट ===
[[चित्र:Meditation_on_a_Ghat_on_the_Ganges,_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|225x225पिक्सेल|बिहान गङ्गा घाटमा ध्यान, वाराणसी]]
सिन्धिया घाट ग्वालियरकी महारानी बैजाबाई सिन्धिया ले निर्माण गरेकी हुन्। यसको उत्तरमा मणिकर्णिकाको सिमानामा रहेको छ, यसको शिव मन्दिर लगभग १५० वर्ष पहिले घाटको निर्माणको अत्यधिक वजनको कारण आंशिक रूपमा नदीमा डुबेको छ। घाटको माथि, काशीका धेरै प्रभावशाली मन्दिरहरू सिद्ध क्षेत्र (पूरा गर्ने क्षेत्र) को गल्लीहरूको कडा भूलभुलैयाभित्र अवस्थित छन्। परम्परा अनुसार हिन्दू [[अग्नी (देव)|अग्नि]] देवता अग्नि यहाँ जन्मिएका थिए। हिन्दू भक्तहरूले यस ठाउँमा सबै नायकहरूका भगवान विरेश्वरलाई पुत्रका लागि प्रसन्न पार्छन्।

=== मान-मन्दिर घाट ===
माना-मन्दिर घाटः [[जयपुर]] महाराजा जय सिंह द्वितीयले सन् १७७० मा यो घाट निर्माण गरेका थिए, साथै दिल्ली, जयपुर, उज्जैन र मथुरामा अलंकृत झ्यालका आवरणहरूसहित जन्तर मन्तर पनि निर्माण गरेका थिए। घाटको उत्तरी भागमा एउटा राम्रा ढुङ्गाको बालकनी छ। भक्तहरूले यहाँ चन्द्रमाका भगवान सोमेश्वरको [[शिवलिङ्ग|लिङ्गम]] श्रद्धाञ्जलि अर्पण गर्छन्।

=== ललिता घाट ===
[[चित्र:Lalita_Ghat.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|ललिता घाट]]
ललिता घाट नेपालका स्वर्गीय राजाले वाराणसीको उत्तरी क्षेत्रमा यो घाट बनाएका थिए। यो गङ्गा केशव मन्दिरको स्थल हो, काठको मन्दिर विशिष्ट काठमाडौँ शैलीमा निर्माण गरिएको छ, मन्दिरमा भगवान शिवको अवतार पशुपतिश्वरको छवि छ। घाटहरूको निरन्तर रेखाको अन्त्यमा रहेको सुन्दर अस्सी घाट साङ्गीतिक पार्टीहरू र खेलहरूसहित स्थानीय चाडपर्वहरू नियमित रूपमा हुन्छन्। यो चित्रकार र फोटोग्राफरहरूको मनपर्ने साइट हो। यही अस्सी घाटमा भारत सेवाश्रम सङ्घका संस्थापक स्वामी प्रणबानन्दले गोरखपुरका गुरु गम्भीरानन्दको आश्रयमा आफ्नो तपस्या (भगवान शिवको प्रयास) मा 'सिद्धि' (पूर्णता/सफलता) प्राप्त गरे।

=== जैन घाट अथवा बचराज घाट ===
[[चित्र:Jain_Ghat,_Varanasi,_UP,_India.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|बछराज घाट]]
जैन घाट वा बचराज घाट एउटा जैन घाट हो र नदीको किनारमा तिनवटा जैन मन्दिरहरू छन्। जैन महाराजाहरूले यी घाटहरूको स्वामित्व लिने गरेको विश्वास गरिन्छ। बाचराज घाटमा नदीको किनारमा तिनवटा जैन मन्दिरहरू छन् र ती मध्ये एउटा तीर्थङ्कर सुपरस्वनाथको धेरै पुरानो मन्दिर हो।

=== तथागट घाट अथवा बुद्ध घाट ===
सराइ मोहनमा अवस्थित वाराणसीको प्रसिद्ध घाट तथागट घाट हो। सराय मोहना सारनाथ नजिकै अवस्थित छ। सारनाथ त्यो स्थान हो जहाँ तथागता बुद्धले आफ्ना पाँचजना शिष्यहरूलाई पहिलो प्रवचन दिए। यो घाट गौतम बुद्धको नाममा राखिएको हो। 'तथागता' शब्द गौतम बुद्धको पर्यायवाची हो। त्यसैले यसलाई बुद्ध घाट पनि भनिन्छ। बौद्धहरूले यो घाटहरू प्रयोग गर्थे भन्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ। घाट परिसरमा एउटा तथागता बुद्ध (भगवान) को मूर्ति अवस्थित छ।

=== अन्य ===

* मान-सरोवर घाट अम्बर [[राजा मान सिंह|मान सिंह]] बनाएका थिए।
* दरभङ्गा घाट दरभङ्गाका महाराजा निर्माण गरिएको थियो।
* [[तुलसीदास]] तुलसीघाटमा [[रामचरितमानस]] लेखे।
* भव्य किल्ला जस्तो दरबार भएको चेत सिंह घाटको नाम चैत सिंह नाममा राखिएको छ। घाटको मूल नाम शिवाला घाट हो। यद्यपि, उनको विद्रोहको सम्झनामा सम्मान गर्न यसलाई चेत सिंह घाट भनिन्छ।
* [[कोङ्कणी भाषा|कोङ्कणी]] भाषी गौड़ सरस्वती ब्राह्मण पछ्याइएको आध्यात्मिक विद्यालय श्री काशी मठ संस्थान मुख्यालय ब्रह्मा घाटमा अवस्थित छ।

== घाटमा दाहसंस्कार ==
[[चित्र:Burning_ghats_of_Manikarnika,_Varanasi.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|[[बनारस|वाराणसी]] मणिकर्णिका घाटमा अन्तिम संस्कार भइरहेको छ।]]
[[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दू परम्परा]] मा, दाहसंस्कार एउटा संस्कार हो&lt;ref name=&quot;Natgeo 20142&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |last=McBride |first=Pete |date=7 August 2014 |title=The Pyres of Varanasi: Breaking the Cycle of Death and Rebirth |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |url-status=live |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |issn=0027-9358 |oclc=643483454 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425202234/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 |magazine=[[National Geographic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, र वाराणसीको घाटलाई यस अनुष्ठानका लागि शुभ स्थानहरू मध्ये एक मानिन्छ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Diana Eck, Banaras - City of Light, {{ISBN|978-0231114479}}, Columbia University Press&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Natgeo 20143&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |last=McBride |first=Pete |date=7 August 2014 |title=The Pyres of Varanasi: Breaking the Cycle of Death and Rebirth |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |url-status=live |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |issn=0027-9358 |oclc=643483454 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425202234/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 |magazine=[[National Geographic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; दाहसंस्कार वा &quot;अन्तिम संस्कार&quot; को समयमा, ''[[पूजा]]'' (प्रार्थना) एक वा बढी हिन्दू पुजारीहरू गरिन्छ। संस्कारको समयमा संस्कारको चिन्ह लगाउन पवित्र भजन र [[मन्त्र|मन्त्रहरू]] पठन गरिन्छ। मणिकर्णिका र हरिश्चन्द्र घाट दाहसंस्कार अनुष्ठानमा समर्पित छन्। वार्षिक रूपमा, [[भारत]] मर्ने १००० मध्ये २ भन्दा कम मानिसहरू, वा २५,०००  देखि ३०,००० शवहरू वाराणसीका विभिन्न घाटहरूमा लगभग प्रति दिन औसत ८० वटा दाहसंस्कार गरिन्छ।

== घाटको प्रदूषण ==
वाराणसीमा दाहसंस्कारको प्रथा गङ्गा नदीमा हुने वातावरणीय प्रदूषणका कारण विवादास्पद भएको छ। सन् १९८० को दशकमा भारत सरकारले वाराणसीको घाटमा दाहसंस्कार र पानी प्रदूषणका अन्य स्रोतहरूलाई सम्बोधन गर्न स्वच्छ गङ्गा पहललाई आर्थिक सहयोग गऱ्यो। धेरै अवस्थामा दाहसंस्कार अन्यत्र गरिन्छ र केवल खरानी यी घाटहरू नजिकै नदीमा छरिन्छ। यस बाहेक, अनुपचारित ढल भारतमा नदी प्रदूषणको व्यापक स्रोत हो। सहरको नगरपालिका फोहोर र उपचार नगरिएको ढल वाराणसीको घाट नजिकै गङ्गा नदीको प्रदूषणको सबैभन्दा ठुलो स्रोत हो।&lt;ref&gt;O. Singh, Frontiers in Environmental Geography, {{ISBN|978-8170224624}}, pp 246-256&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaholidaymall.com/highlights/detail/ghats-in-varanasi|title=Ghats of Varanasi|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005111955/https://www.indiaholidaymall.com/highlights/detail/ghats-in-varanasi|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005111955/https://www.indiaholidaymall.com/highlights/detail/ghats-in-varanasi |date=5 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== पनि हेर्नुहोस् ==

* [[Ghats in Bhagalpur|भागलपुरमा घाट]]

== सन्दर्भहरू ==

== बाह्य लिङ्कहरू ==

* ''[[बनारस|वाराणसी]]'' घाट, वाराणसीको आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा वेबपेज।
[[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]]</text>
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    <revision>
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[[चित्र:Ahilya_Ghat_by_the_Ganges,_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|184x184पिक्सेल|गंगा नदी किनारमा रहेको अहिल्या घाट, वाराणसी]]
[[चित्र:Chet_Singh_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|185x185पिक्सेल|चेत सिंह घाट, वाराणसी]]
[[चित्र:Kedar_Ghat_in_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|183x183पिक्सेल|केदार घाट, वाराणसी]]
'''वाराणसीमा रहेका घाटहरू''' [[गङ्गा नदी|गङ्गा]] नदीको किनारमा पुग्ने नदी किनारका सिँढीहरू हुन्। सहरमा ८४ वटा घाटहरू छन्। अधिकांश घाटहरू स्नान र [[पूजा]] समारोह घाटहरू हुन्, जबकि दुई घाटहरू, मणिकर्णिका र हरिशचन्द्र, विशेष रूपमा दाहसंस्कार स्थलहरूको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।&lt;ref&gt;Rob Bowden (2003), The Ganges, {{ISBN|978-0739860700}}, Heinemann&lt;/ref&gt;

वाराणसीका अधिकांश घाटहरू १८ औँ शताब्दीमा [[मराठी जाति|मराठा]] संरक्षणमा पुनर्निर्माण गरिएको थियो। वर्तमान घाटका संरक्षकहरू बनारसका महाराजा, मराठा, सिन्देस ([[सिन्धिया|सिन्धिया)]] होल्कर, भोँसले र पेशवे (पेशवा) थिए। धेरै घाटहरू किंवदन्ती वा पौराणिक कथाहरूसँग सम्बन्धित छन् जबकि अन्य घाटहरूको निजी इतिहास र प्रयोगकर्ताहरू छन्। घाटको किनारमा गङ्गामा बिहानको डुङ्गा सवारी पर्यटकहरूको लोकप्रिय आकर्षण हो।

== व्युत्पत्ति ==
यो [[संस्कृत]] आएको हो, &quot;घट&quot; (संस्कृतः घट) । यसको अर्थ तटबन्ध वा अवतरण स्थान हो।&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Kashi ke Ghat|date=1996|location=Varanasi}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFShankar1996&quot;&gt;Shankar, Hari (1996). ''Kashi ke Ghat'' (1&amp;nbsp;ed.). Varanasi: Vishwvidyalaya Prakashan.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

''घाट'', [[भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप]] प्रयोग हुने शब्द, सन्दर्भको आधारमा [[पूर्वी घाट|पूर्वी]] घाट र [[पश्चिमी घाट]] जस्तो पाइला चालेका पहाडहरूको दायरा वा पानी वा घाटको निकायमा जाने चरणहरूको श्रृंखलालाई बुझाउन सकिन्छ, स्नान वा दाहसंस्कारका लागि वाराणसीको घाट, धोबी घाट वा [[आप्रवासी घाट|अप्रवासी घाट]] जस्ता नदी वा पोखरीको किनारमा।.&lt;ref name=&quot;dict1&quot;&gt;Sunithi L. Narayan, Revathy Nagaswami, 1992, [https://books.google.com/books?id=miZuAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=ghat+means Discover sublime India: handbook for tourists], Page 5.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;dict2&quot;&gt;[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ghat Ghat definition] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190130053346/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/ghat|date=30 January 2019}}, Cambridge dictionary.&lt;/ref&gt; घाट हुँदै जाने सडकलाई घाट सडक भनिन्छ।

== घाटहरूको सूची ==
वाराणसी सहरले नाम दिएका र गणना गरेका घाटहरू तिनीहरूको स्थान अनुसार आरोही क्रममा सूचीबद्ध छन् (अस्सी घाटदेखि आदि केशव घाटसम्म)  

भाग १: अस्सी घाट देखि प्रयाग घाट (१-४१) 

{{colbegin}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=50%
! नम्बर
! नाम
!class=&quot;unsortable&quot;|तस्वीर
|-
| १
| [[अस्सी घाट]]
| [[File:Assi Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २
| [[गंगा महल घाट (I)]]
| [[File:Ganga Mahal Ghat Assi, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३
| [[रिवान घाट]]
| [[File:Rewa Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ४
| [[तुलसी घाट]]
| [[File:Tulasi Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ५
| भदैनी घाट
| [[File:Bhadaini Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ६
| जानकी घाट
| [[File:Janaki Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ७
| [[आनन्दमयी मा|माता आनन्दमाई]]
| [[File:Anandamayi,Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ८
| वच्छराजा घाट
| [[File:Vaccharaja Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ९
| जैन घाट
| [[File:Jain Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १०
| निषादराज घाट
| [[File:Nishadraj Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ११
| प्रभु घाट
| [[File:Prabhu Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १२
| पञ्चकोटा घाट
| [[File:Panchakot Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १३
| चेतसिंह घाट
| [[File:Chet Singh Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १४
| निरञ्जनी घाट
| [[File:Niranjani Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १५
| महानिरवानी घाट
| not available
|-
| १६
| शिवला घाट
| [[File:Shivala Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १७
| गुलरिया घाट
| [[File:Gulariya Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| १८
| डाँडी घाट
|- 
| १९
| हनुमान घाट
| not available
|-
| २०
| प्राचीना (पुरानो) हनुमान घाट
| [[File:Prachin Hanuman Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २१
| कर्नाटक घाट
| [[File:Karnataka Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २२
| हरिश्चन्द्र घाट
| [[File:Harishchandra Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]] 
|-
| २३
| लाली घाट
| [[File:Lali Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २४
| विजयनगरम घाट
| [[File:Vijayanagaram Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २५
| केदार घाट
| [[File:Kedar Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २६
| काउकी (चौकी) घाट
| [[File:Chauki Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २७
| क्षेमेश्वर / सोमेश्वर घाट
| [[File:Kshemeshvara Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २८
| मानसरोवर घाट
| [[File:Mansarovar Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| २९
| नारद घाट
| [[File:Narada_Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३०
| राजा घाट अमृत राव [[पेशवा]] द्वारा पुनर्निर्माण
| [[File:Raja Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३१
| खोरी घाट
| not available
|-
| ३२
| पाण्डे घाट
| [[File:Pandey Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३३
| सर्वेश्वर घाट
| not available
|-
| ३४
| दिग्पातिया घाट
| [[File:Diigpatiya Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३५
| कौसठी घाट
| [[File:Chausatthi Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३६
| राणा महल घाट
| [[File:Ranamahal Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३७
| [[दरभंगा घाट]]
| [[File:Darbhanga Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३८
| [[मुन्शी घाट]]
| [[File:Munshi Ghat.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ३९
| अहिल्याबाई घाट
| [[File:Ahilyabai Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ४०
| सितला घाट
| [[File:Shitala Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
| ४१
| [[दशाश्वमेध घाट]]
| [[File:Dashashvamedh Ghat, Varanasi.JPG|150px|]]
|-
|}

{{colend}}

भाग २ः प्रयागदेखि आदि केशव घाटसम्म (४२–८४)
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;50%&quot;
!नम्बर
!नाम
! class=&quot;unsortable&quot; |तस्विर
|-
|४२
|प्रयाग घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|४३
|राजेन्द्र प्रसाद घाट
|..
|-
|४४
|मान मन्दिर घाट
|[[चित्र:Man_Mandir_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|४५
|त्रिपुरा भैरवी घाट
|[[चित्र:Tripurabhairavi_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|४६
|मीरा (मीर) घाट
|[[चित्र:Meer_Ghat_2.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|४७
|यज्ञेश्वर/नया घाट
|यज्ञेश्वर घाटको पुरानो स्थल
|-
|४८
|नेपाली घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|४९
|ललिता घाट
|[[चित्र:Lalita_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५०
|बाउली/उमरोगिरी/अमरोहा घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|५१
|जलसेन (जलसायी घाट) 
|[[चित्र:Jalasen_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५२
|क्षीरिकी घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|५३
|मणिकर्णिका घाट
|[[चित्र:Manikarnika_Ghat,_Varanas.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५४
|बाजीराव घाट
|उपलब्ध छैन
|-
|५५
|सिन्धिया घाट
|[[चित्र:Scindia_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५६
|सङ्कथा घाट
|[[चित्र:Sanktha_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५७
|गंगा महल घाट (II) 
|[[चित्र:Benares-_Temple_on_Ganges_in_state_of_collapse,_India,_ca._1906_(IMP-CSCNWW33-OS14-59).jpg|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५८
|भोन्सले घाट
|[[चित्र:Bhonsale_Ghat_(13535658844).jpg|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|५९
|नया घाट
|सन् 1822 को प्रिन्सेपको नक्सामा यसलाई गुलेरिया घाट नाम दिइएको थियो।
|-
|६०
|जिनेसा/अग्निश्वर घाट
|
|-
|६१
|मेहता घाट
|औपचारिक रूपमा यो अघिल्लो घाटको हिस्सा थियो, तर V.S.Mehta अस्पताल (1962) निर्माण पछि यो पछिल्लो घाटको नामबाट चिनिन्छ।
|-
|६२
|रामा घाट
|[[चित्र:Ram_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६३
|जटारा घाट
|[[चित्र:Jatar_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६४
|राजा ग्वालियर घाट
|[[चित्र:Raja_Gwalior_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६५
|मङ्गला गौरी घाट (बाला घाटको नामले पनि चिनिन्छ) 
|[[चित्र:Balaji_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६६
|वेनिमाधव घाट
|पञ्चगङ्गा घाटको भाग र जसलाई बिन्दु माधव घाट पनि भनिन्छ
|-
|६७
|पञ्चगङ्गा घाट
|[[चित्र:PanchaGanga_Ghat,_Varanasi_(2).JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६८
|दुर्गा घाट
|[[चित्र:Durga_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|६९
|ब्रह्मा घाट
|[[चित्र:Brahma_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७०
|बुन्दी परकोटा घाट
|[[चित्र:Bundi_Parkota_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७१
| (आदित्य शीतल घाट) 
|यो अघिल्लो घाटको विस्तारित भाग हो।
|-
|७२
|लाल घाट
|[[चित्र:Lal_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७३
|हनुमानगढ घाट
|[[चित्र:Hanumangarhi_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७४
|गया/गाई घाट
|[[चित्र:Gai_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७५
|बद्री नायर घाट
|[[चित्र:Badrinarayan_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|200x200पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७६
|त्रिलोचन घाट
|[[चित्र:Trilochan_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७७
|गोला घाट
|12 औँ शताब्दीको अन्त्यदेखि। यो साइट फेरी पोइन्टको रूपमा प्रयोग गरिएको थियो र धेरै अन्न भण्डारहरूका लागि पनि चिनिन्थ्यो (गोल्ड) 
|-
|७८
|नन्देश्वर/नन्दु घाट
|[[चित्र:Nandesvara_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|७९
|सक्का घाट
|[[चित्र:Sakka_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|८०
|तेलिया नाला घाट
|[[चित्र:Telianala_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|८१
|नया/फुटा घाट
|18 औँ शताब्दीमा घाट-क्षेत्र सुनसान भयो (फुटाह) तर पछि यसलाई नवीकरण गरियो। यसरी घाटलाई पहिले फुटा र पछि नया भनेर चिनिन्थ्यो।
|-
|८२
|प्रहलाद घाट
|[[चित्र:Prahlad_Ghat,_Varanasi.JPG|150x150पिक्सेल]]
|-
|८३
|राजा घाट (भैसासुर राजघाट/लर्ड डफरिन पुल/मालवीय पुल
|
|-
|८४
|आदि केशव घाट
|
|-
|
|सन्त रविदास घाट
|
|-
|
|निषाद घाट (प्रहलादबाट विभाजित) 
|
|-
|
|रानी घाट
|
|-
|
|श्री पञ्च अग्नि अखाडा घाट
|
|-
|
|तथागट घाट/बुद्ध घाट
|
|-
|८९
|ना मो घाट
|हालैको निर्माण, [[भारतको प्रधानमन्त्री|भारतीय प्रधानमन्त्री]] [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] उपनाम (नमो) पछि राखिएको छ।
|-
|}

== लोकप्रिय घाटहरू ==
पौराणिक स्रोतहरूका अनुसार, यस नदीको किनारमा पाँचवटा प्रमुख घाटहरू छन् जुन पवित्र सहर ''काशी'' परिभाषित विशेषतासँग सम्बन्धित भएकाले महत्त्वपूर्ण छन्ः अस्सी घाट, दशाश्वमेध घाट, मणिकर्णिका घाट, पञ्चगङ्गा घाट, राजेन्द्र प्रसाद घाट र आदि केशव घाट।&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Kashi ke Ghat|date=1996|location=Varanasi}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== अस्सी घाट ===
सुख्खा नदी असीसँग गङ्गाको सङ्गममा अवस्थित हुने यो घाटले सहरको परम्परागत दक्षिणी सीमालाई चिह्नित गर्दछ। घाटमा रहेको ''असि'' मन्दिरको उल्लेख स्कन्दमहापुरानको ''काशी खण्ड'' पाइन्छ। यो घाट धेरै लोकप्रिय छ किनभने यो धेरै थोरै घाटहरू मध्ये एक हो जुन फराकिलो सडकबाट सहरसँग जोडिएको छ। यो [[काशी हिन्दु विश्वविद्यालय|बनारस हिन्दू विश्वविद्यालय]] सबैभन्दा नजिकको प्रमुख घाट पनि हो। अस्सी घाटको नाम अस्सी नदीबाट आएको हो। यस स्थानमा दुईवटा लिङ्गको पूजा गरिन्छ। अस्सी घाटलाई केही [[पुराण|पुराणहरू]] देवी [[दुर्गा]] दुई असुर, सुम्बा र निशुम्बालाई पराजित गरेको स्थानको रूपमा वर्णन गरिएको छ। अस्सी घाट त्यो स्थान पनि हो जहाँ [[तुलसीदास]] ''[[रामचरितमानस]]'' पूरा गरेका थिए।&lt;ref name=&quot;:04&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt; प्रधानमन्त्री [[नरेन्द्र मोदी]] ले १७  सेप्टेम्बर २०१५ मा प्रधानमन्त्रीको जन्मदिनको अवसरमा यहाँ पानीको एटीएम सुरु गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;Rob Bowden (2003), The Ganges, {{ISBN|978-0739860700}}, Heinemann&lt;/ref&gt;

=== दशाश्वमेध घाट ===
[[चित्र:Ganga_Aarti_at_Varanasi_ghats.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|267x267पिक्सेल|दशश्वमेध घाट, वाराणसीमा [[गङ्गा नदी|गङ्गा]] [[आरती]]]]
दशाश्वमेध घाट [[काशी विश्वनाथ|विश्वनाथ मन्दिर]] नजिक अवस्थित छ र सबैभन्दा लोकप्रिय घाट हो। पौराणिक कथाअनुसार [[ब्रह्मा]] यहाँ दस [[अश्वमेध यज्ञ|अश्वमेध]] यज्ञहरू गरे।.&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt; शिव, देवी गङ्गा, सूर्य, अग्नि, साथै सम्पूर्ण ब्रह्माण्डलाई समर्पण गर्दै प्रत्येक साँझ यस घाटमा आरती गरिन्छ।

=== मणिकर्णिका घाट ===
{{Varanasi}}मणिकर्णिका घाट दाहसंस्कार स्थलहरू मध्ये एक हो।.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt; त्यहाँ दुई किंवदन्तीहरू छन, जुन मणिकर्णिका घाटसँग सम्बन्धित छन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Varanasi Guru |date=5 September 2020 |title=Manikarnika Kund |url=https://www.varanasiguru.com/manikarnika-ghat/ |via=Varanasi Guru}}&lt;/ref&gt; एकका अनुसार, [[विष्णु]] आफ्नो चक्र प्रयोग गरेर खाडल खोसेर विभिन्न तपस्या गर्दा आफ्नो पसिनाले भरिदिए। विष्णुलाई हेर्दै गर्दा शिवको एउटा कानको झुम्का वा मणिकर्णिका खाडलमा खस्यो। दोस्रो किंवदन्ती अनुसार, शिवलाई संसारभरि यात्रा गर्नबाट रोक्नका लागि [[पार्वती]] यस स्थानमा आफ्ना कानका झुम्काहरू लुकाएकी थिइन्। उनले उनलाई गङ्गाको किनारमा कानका झुम्काहरू गुमाएको बताइन्। यस किंवदन्तीमा, जब पनि मणिकर्णिका घाटमा शरीर दाहसंस्कार गरिन्छ, शिवले आत्मालाई सोध्छन् कि उसले कानका झुम्काहरू देखेको छ कि छैन।&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Warrier|first=Shrikala|url=|title=Kamandalu : the seven sacred rivers of Hinduism|publisher=Mayur University London|year=2014|isbn=|location=London|pages=59|oclc=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== राजघाट ===
काशी रेलवे स्टेसन नजिकै अवस्थित यो वाराणसीको प्रसिद्ध घाटहरू मध्ये एक हो। यो राजघाट पुलको छेउमा अवस्थित छ। प्रसिद्ध रविदास मन्दिर यस घाटमा अवस्थित छ। यो पिण्ड दान र अस्थि-विसर्जन समारोहहरूका लागि पनि प्रसिद्ध छ। काशीका प्रसिद्ध पुजारीहरू यहाँ बस्छन्। घाटमा पार्किङ सुविधा उपलब्ध गराएर यातायातका विभिन्न साधनहरूद्वारा सजिलै पुग्न सकिन्छ। यो घाट काशीको साँघुरो गल्लीबाट हिँड्न नसक्ने अपाङ्गता भएका मानिसहरूका लागि पनि अनुकूल छ। तिनीहरू यहाँ सजिलै कार वा बाइकबाट पुग्न सक्छन्।

=== सिन्धिया घाट ===
[[चित्र:Meditation_on_a_Ghat_on_the_Ganges,_Varanasi.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|225x225पिक्सेल|बिहान गङ्गा घाटमा ध्यान, वाराणसी]]
सिन्धिया घाट ग्वालियरकी महारानी बैजाबाई सिन्धिया ले निर्माण गरेकी हुन्। यसको उत्तरमा मणिकर्णिकाको सिमानामा रहेको छ, यसको शिव मन्दिर लगभग १५० वर्ष पहिले घाटको निर्माणको अत्यधिक वजनको कारण आंशिक रूपमा नदीमा डुबेको छ। घाटको माथि, काशीका धेरै प्रभावशाली मन्दिरहरू सिद्ध क्षेत्र (पूरा गर्ने क्षेत्र) को गल्लीहरूको कडा भूलभुलैयाभित्र अवस्थित छन्। परम्परा अनुसार हिन्दू [[अग्नी (देव)|अग्नि]] देवता अग्नि यहाँ जन्मिएका थिए। हिन्दू भक्तहरूले यस ठाउँमा सबै नायकहरूका भगवान विरेश्वरलाई पुत्रका लागि प्रसन्न पार्छन्।

=== मान-मन्दिर घाट ===
माना-मन्दिर घाटः [[जयपुर]] महाराजा जय सिंह द्वितीयले सन् १७७० मा यो घाट निर्माण गरेका थिए, साथै दिल्ली, जयपुर, उज्जैन र मथुरामा अलंकृत झ्यालका आवरणहरूसहित जन्तर मन्तर पनि निर्माण गरेका थिए। घाटको उत्तरी भागमा एउटा राम्रा ढुङ्गाको बालकनी छ। भक्तहरूले यहाँ चन्द्रमाका भगवान सोमेश्वरको [[शिवलिङ्ग|लिङ्गम]] श्रद्धाञ्जलि अर्पण गर्छन्।

=== ललिता घाट ===
[[चित्र:Lalita_Ghat.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|ललिता घाट]]
ललिता घाट नेपालका स्वर्गीय राजाले वाराणसीको उत्तरी क्षेत्रमा यो घाट बनाएका थिए। यो गङ्गा केशव मन्दिरको स्थल हो, काठको मन्दिर विशिष्ट काठमाडौँ शैलीमा निर्माण गरिएको छ, मन्दिरमा भगवान शिवको अवतार पशुपतिश्वरको छवि छ। घाटहरूको निरन्तर रेखाको अन्त्यमा रहेको सुन्दर अस्सी घाट साङ्गीतिक पार्टीहरू र खेलहरूसहित स्थानीय चाडपर्वहरू नियमित रूपमा हुन्छन्। यो चित्रकार र फोटोग्राफरहरूको मनपर्ने साइट हो। यही अस्सी घाटमा भारत सेवाश्रम सङ्घका संस्थापक स्वामी प्रणबानन्दले गोरखपुरका गुरु गम्भीरानन्दको आश्रयमा आफ्नो तपस्या (भगवान शिवको प्रयास) मा 'सिद्धि' (पूर्णता/सफलता) प्राप्त गरे।

=== जैन घाट अथवा बचराज घाट ===
[[चित्र:Jain_Ghat,_Varanasi,_UP,_India.jpg|अङ्गुठाकार|बछराज घाट]]
जैन घाट वा बचराज घाट एउटा जैन घाट हो र नदीको किनारमा तिनवटा जैन मन्दिरहरू छन्। जैन महाराजाहरूले यी घाटहरूको स्वामित्व लिने गरेको विश्वास गरिन्छ। बाचराज घाटमा नदीको किनारमा तिनवटा जैन मन्दिरहरू छन् र ती मध्ये एउटा तीर्थङ्कर सुपरस्वनाथको धेरै पुरानो मन्दिर हो।

=== तथागट घाट अथवा बुद्ध घाट ===
सराइ मोहनमा अवस्थित वाराणसीको प्रसिद्ध घाट तथागट घाट हो। सराय मोहना सारनाथ नजिकै अवस्थित छ। सारनाथ त्यो स्थान हो जहाँ तथागता बुद्धले आफ्ना पाँचजना शिष्यहरूलाई पहिलो प्रवचन दिए। यो घाट गौतम बुद्धको नाममा राखिएको हो। 'तथागता' शब्द गौतम बुद्धको पर्यायवाची हो। त्यसैले यसलाई बुद्ध घाट पनि भनिन्छ। बौद्धहरूले यो घाटहरू प्रयोग गर्थे भन्ने विश्वास गरिन्छ। घाट परिसरमा एउटा तथागता बुद्ध (भगवान) को मूर्ति अवस्थित छ।

=== अन्य ===

* मान-सरोवर घाट अम्बर [[राजा मान सिंह|मान सिंह]] बनाएका थिए।
* दरभङ्गा घाट दरभङ्गाका महाराजा निर्माण गरिएको थियो।
* [[तुलसीदास]] तुलसीघाटमा [[रामचरितमानस]] लेखे।
* भव्य किल्ला जस्तो दरबार भएको चेत सिंह घाटको नाम चैत सिंह नाममा राखिएको छ। घाटको मूल नाम शिवाला घाट हो। यद्यपि, उनको विद्रोहको सम्झनामा सम्मान गर्न यसलाई चेत सिंह घाट भनिन्छ।
* [[कोङ्कणी भाषा|कोङ्कणी]] भाषी गौड़ सरस्वती ब्राह्मण पछ्याइएको आध्यात्मिक विद्यालय श्री काशी मठ संस्थान मुख्यालय ब्रह्मा घाटमा अवस्थित छ।

== घाटमा दाहसंस्कार ==
[[चित्र:Burning_ghats_of_Manikarnika,_Varanasi.jpg|दायाँ|अङ्गुठाकार|[[बनारस|वाराणसी]] मणिकर्णिका घाटमा अन्तिम संस्कार भइरहेको छ।]]
[[हिन्दु धर्म|हिन्दू परम्परा]] मा, दाहसंस्कार एउटा संस्कार हो&lt;ref name=&quot;Natgeo 20142&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |last=McBride |first=Pete |date=7 August 2014 |title=The Pyres of Varanasi: Breaking the Cycle of Death and Rebirth |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |url-status=live |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |issn=0027-9358 |oclc=643483454 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425202234/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 |magazine=[[National Geographic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, र वाराणसीको घाटलाई यस अनुष्ठानका लागि शुभ स्थानहरू मध्ये एक मानिन्छ।&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;Diana Eck, Banaras - City of Light, {{ISBN|978-0231114479}}, Columbia University Press&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Natgeo 20143&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |last=McBride |first=Pete |date=7 August 2014 |title=The Pyres of Varanasi: Breaking the Cycle of Death and Rebirth |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |url-status=live |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |publisher=[[National Geographic Society]] |issn=0027-9358 |oclc=643483454 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425202234/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/article/the-pyres-of-varanasi-breaking-the-cycle-of-death-and-rebirth |archive-date=25 April 2022 |access-date=1 October 2022 |magazine=[[National Geographic]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; दाहसंस्कार वा &quot;अन्तिम संस्कार&quot; को समयमा, ''[[पूजा]]'' (प्रार्थना) एक वा बढी हिन्दू पुजारीहरू गरिन्छ। संस्कारको समयमा संस्कारको चिन्ह लगाउन पवित्र भजन र [[मन्त्र|मन्त्रहरू]] पठन गरिन्छ। मणिकर्णिका र हरिश्चन्द्र घाट दाहसंस्कार अनुष्ठानमा समर्पित छन्। वार्षिक रूपमा, [[भारत]] मर्ने १००० मध्ये २ भन्दा कम मानिसहरू, वा २५,०००  देखि ३०,००० शवहरू वाराणसीका विभिन्न घाटहरूमा लगभग प्रति दिन औसत ८० वटा दाहसंस्कार गरिन्छ।

== घाटको प्रदूषण ==
वाराणसीमा दाहसंस्कारको प्रथा गङ्गा नदीमा हुने वातावरणीय प्रदूषणका कारण विवादास्पद भएको छ। सन् १९८० को दशकमा भारत सरकारले वाराणसीको घाटमा दाहसंस्कार र पानी प्रदूषणका अन्य स्रोतहरूलाई सम्बोधन गर्न स्वच्छ गङ्गा पहललाई आर्थिक सहयोग गऱ्यो। धेरै अवस्थामा दाहसंस्कार अन्यत्र गरिन्छ र केवल खरानी यी घाटहरू नजिकै नदीमा छरिन्छ। यस बाहेक, अनुपचारित ढल भारतमा नदी प्रदूषणको व्यापक स्रोत हो। सहरको नगरपालिका फोहोर र उपचार नगरिएको ढल वाराणसीको घाट नजिकै गङ्गा नदीको प्रदूषणको सबैभन्दा ठुलो स्रोत हो।&lt;ref&gt;O. Singh, Frontiers in Environmental Geography, {{ISBN|978-8170224624}}, pp 246-256&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.indiaholidaymall.com/highlights/detail/ghats-in-varanasi|title=Ghats of Varanasi|access-date=3 November 2017|archive-date=5 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005111955/https://www.indiaholidaymall.com/highlights/detail/ghats-in-varanasi|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005111955/https://www.indiaholidaymall.com/highlights/detail/ghats-in-varanasi |date=5 October 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== पनि हेर्नुहोस् ==

* [[Ghats in Bhagalpur|भागलपुरमा घाट]]

== सन्दर्भहरू ==

== बाह्य लिङ्कहरू ==

* ''[[बनारस|वाराणसी]]'' घाट, वाराणसीको आधिकारिक वेबसाइटमा वेबपेज।
[[श्रेणी:पुनरावलोकन नगरिएको अनुवादहरू रहेको पृष्ठ]]</text>
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      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
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      <text bytes="18518" sha1="k4scvm8qmp9pmj9ptm0jt1opz3xp938" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| image              = Lauren Jauregui in 2017 (cropped) 2.jpg
| caption            = सन् २०१७ मा २० वर्षको छँदा हाउरेगी
| birth_name         = लरेन मिसेल हाउरेगी मोर्गादो
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1996|06|27}}
| birth_place        = [[मियामी|मियामी, फ्लोरिडा]], संयुक्त राज्य
| occupation         = {{flatlist|
*गायिका
*गीतकार
}}
| years_active       = सन् २०१२–हाल
| works              = 
| awards             = 
| website            = {{URL|https://laurenjauregui.com}}
| module             = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed              = yes
| background         = solo_singer
| origin             = 
| genre              = {{hlist|[[पप सङ्गीत|पप]]|[[रेगेतोन]]|[[समकालीन आर र बी|आर र बी]]}}
| label              = {{hlist|[[एपिक रेकर्ड्स|एपिक]]|[[साइको म्युजिक|साइको]]|[[कोलम्बिया रेकर्ड्स|कोलम्बिया]]|अट्युनमेन्ट रेकर्ड्स}} 
| past_member_of     = [[फिफ्थ हार्मोनी]]
}}
| signature          = Lauren Jauregui autograph 2.jpg
}}

'''लरेन मिसेल हाउरेगी मोर्गादो''' ({{भाषा-अङ्ग्रेजी|'''Lauren Jauregui'''}}, {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aʊ|r|ɛ|ɡ|i|}}; जन्म; सन् १९९६ जुन २७) एक अमेरिकी गायिका तथा गीतकार हुन्। उनी [[फिफ्थ हार्मोनी]] नामक एक महिला साङ्गीतिक समूहको सदस्यको रूपमा चर्चित भएकी थिइन् भने उक्त समूह सर्वकालीन समयको धेरै गीत बिक्री गर्न सफल भएको साङ्गितिक समूह मध्ये एक मानिन्छ।

हाउरेगीले एकल गीत लेखन गर्नु सुरु गरेपछि उनले मरिया हिल्स, स्टिभ ओकी र [[हल्जी]] जस्ता कलाकारहरूसँग सहकार्य गर्न गरेकी थिइन्। उनले सन् २०१८ अक्टोबरमा आफ्नो पहिलो एकल गीत &quot;एक्सपेक्टेसन्स&quot; सार्वजनिक गर्न कोलम्बिया रेकर्ड्ससँग सम्झौता गरेकी थिइन्। सन् २०१९ मा हाउरेगीले &quot;मोर देन दयाट&quot; नामक गीत सार्वजनिक गरिन्। हाउरेगीले स्वतन्त्र रूपमा आफ्नो पहिलो एकल साङ्गीतिक सङ्गालो ''प्रिल्युड'' (सन् २०२१) र त्यसपछि सन् २०२३ मा ''इन बिट्विन'' सार्वजनिक गरेकी थिइन्।

== प्रारम्भिक जीवन ==

हाउरेगीको जन्म सन् १९९६ जुन २७ का दिन मा फ्लोरिडाको मियामी सहरमा क्युबाली अभिभावक माइकल हाउरेगी र क्लारा मार्गादोको सन्तानको रूपमा भएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;birthday&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|title=Lauren Jauregui's Friends Take to Twitter to Wish Her a Happy Birthday|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8463168/lauren-jaureguis-friends-take-to-twitter-to-wish-her-a-happy-birthday|magazine=Billboard|access-date=October 7, 2021|archive-date=October 7, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007233339/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8463168/lauren-jaureguis-friends-take-to-twitter-to-wish-her-a-happy-birthday|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/lauren-jauregui-mn0003392997/biography|title=Lauren Jauregui|website=AllMusic|accessdate=July 14, 2021|archive-date=June 30, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210630181200/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/lauren-jauregui-mn0003392997/biography|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;laopinion&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://laopinion.com/2015/03/06/lauren-jauregui-talks-fifth-harmony-and-her-latina-roots/|title=Lauren Jauregui talks Fifth Harmony and her Latina roots|date=March 6, 2015|first=John|last=Benson|work=[[La Opinión]]|language=es|access-date=March 9, 2017|archive-date=March 12, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312034541/http://laopinion.com/2015/03/06/lauren-jauregui-talks-fifth-harmony-and-her-latina-roots/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312034541/http://laopinion.com/2015/03/06/lauren-jauregui-talks-fifth-harmony-and-her-latina-roots/ |date=March 12, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; उनका बुबा प्लान्ट मेनेजर थिए भने आमा एक शिक्षिका थिइन्। उनीहरूले [[क्युबा]]मा [[फिडेल क्यास्ट्रो]] सत्तामा आएपछि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका बसाइँसराइ गरेका थिए।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-jauregui-0076ab8/|title=Michael Jauregui Professional Profile|publisher=LinkedIn|access-date=July 7, 2017|archive-date=January 5, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105130412/https://www.linkedin.com/checkpoint/challengesV2/AQHBnSJZTSG9FgAAAW91zktRe2Sl3R9b2XEdJvNKJp0Q1LzZwRvvKLYo_3PnegqKhKu_jd6LfTQ8lXPJcD1aoVxeI_mD9gEZew|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;laopinion&quot;/&gt; हाउरेगी मुख्यतया क्युबाली र स्पेनी वंशजकी हुन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;laopinion&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.etonline.com/fifth-harmonys-lauren-jauregui-her-cultural-identity-and-self-confidence-i-love-who-i-am-exclusive?amp|title=Fifth Harmony's Lauren Jauregui on Her Cultural Identity and Self Confidence: 'I Love Who I Am'|date=October 20, 2017|work=Entertainment Tonight|access-date=May 19, 2018|archive-date=May 20, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520054007/https://www.etonline.com/fifth-harmonys-lauren-jauregui-her-cultural-identity-and-self-confidence-i-love-who-i-am-exclusive?amp|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; तीन दाजुभाइ दिदीबहिनीमध्ये जेठी हाउरेगीले प्रारम्भिक कक्षादेखि छैठौँ कक्षासम्म सह-शिक्षा हुने क्याथोलिक विद्यालयमा अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्। त्यसपछि उनले मियामीको छात्राहरू मात्र पढ्ने क्याथोलिक कलेज पूर्व तयारी विद्यालयमा शैक्षिक छात्रवृत्तिमा अध्ययन गरेकी थिइन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite podcast|url=https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/93f53218-a6a0-4f2f-a15a-26a71a1bd4e5/episodes/387d67f3-332a-487e-88a9-bf710e088af6/En-La-Sala-Latinx-Pride|title=Latinx Pride|series=En La Sala|publisher=Amazon Music|host=Becky G|date=October 28, 2020|access-date=October 28, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनले प्रतिभा प्रदर्शन र सफ्टबल टोलीमा पनि भाग लिएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;SH&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.carrollton.org/page.cfm?p=401&amp;newsid=516|title=Lauren Jauregui '14 Amazes Judges on X-Factor|publisher=Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart|date=October 3, 2012|access-date=February 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823024859/http://www.carrollton.org/page.cfm?p=401&amp;newsid=516|archive-date=August 23, 2017|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823024859/http://www.carrollton.org/page.cfm?p=401&amp;newsid=516 |date=August 23, 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fifth Harmony Bio&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.fifthharmonyofficial.com/bio/|title=Bio: Fifth Harmony|publisher=Fifth Harmony Official|access-date=January 14, 2015|archive-date=January 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103050655/http://fifthharmonyofficial.com/bio}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103050655/http://fifthharmonyofficial.com/bio |date=January 3, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.carrollton.org/cf_news/view.cfm?newsid=305|title=Varsity Softball Off to a 7–1 Start|publisher=Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart|date=March 9, 2012|access-date=February 28, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170823022342/http://www.carrollton.org/cf_news/view.cfm?newsid=305|archive-date=August 23, 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; विद्यालयको समयमा, हाउरेगीले कला मार्फत आफूलाई अभिव्यक्त गर्ने गर्दथिन् भने उनले निरन्तर सिर्जना, गायन, लेखन, नृत्य, पियानो बजाउने र चित्रकलामा रुचि राख्थिन्।&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.fuse.tv/videos/2019/01/a-seat-with-lauren-jauregui-interview|title=Lauren Jauregui Opens Up About Her New Album And Growing As An Artist After Fifth Harmony|publisher=Fuse (TV channel)|date=January 11, 2019|access-date=January 27, 2019|archive-date=January 28, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082829/https://www.fuse.tv/videos/2019/01/a-seat-with-lauren-jauregui-interview|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== साङ्गीतिक प्रभावहरू ==
हाउरेगीले सन् १९९० को दशकको [[समकालीन आर र बी]], अल्टरनेटिभ रक, पप, [[ल्याटिन सङ्गीत]], र [[सोल सङ्गीत]] सुनेर हुर्किएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;v&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://vmagazine.com/article/lauren-jauregui-defies-expectations/|title=Lauren Jauregui Defies &quot;Expectations&quot;|date=October 24, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018|first=Samuel|last=Anderson|work=V Magazine|archive-date=December 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216120523/https://vmagazine.com/article/lauren-jauregui-defies-expectations/|url-status=live}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216120523/https://vmagazine.com/article/lauren-jauregui-defies-expectations/ |date=December 16, 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; हाउरेगीले उनको सङ्गीत सोल, आर र बी, रक, अल्टरनेटिभ, पप र ल्याटिन सङ्गीतबाट धेरै प्रभावित रहेको बताएकी थिइन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;Weatherby&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;v&quot;/&gt; उनी विभिन्न कलाकारहरू र सत्यता र आधिकारिकताबाट प्रेरित छिन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;Weatherby&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine|last=Weatherby|first=Taylor|title=Lauren Jauregui On Debut Single 'Expectations' &amp; How Ty Dolla $ign Encouraged Her to 'Purge My Soul'|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/lauren-jauregui-interview-expectations-solo-debut-ty-dolla-sign-8481291/|magazine=Billboard (magazine)|access-date=October 26, 2018|date=October 24, 2018|archive-date=October 25, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025075845/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8481291/lauren-jauregui-interview-expectations-solo-debut-ty-dolla-sign|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनलाई प्रभावित गर्ने केही कलाकारहरूमा [[लाना डेल रे]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.list.co.uk/article/104778-lauren-jauregui-ive-been-inspired-by-lana-del-rey/|title=Lauren Jauregui: I've been inspired by Lana Del Rey|work=The List (magazine)|date=October 28, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018|archive-date=December 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216120658/https://www.list.co.uk/article/104778-lauren-jauregui-ive-been-inspired-by-lana-del-rey/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[John Mayer|जोन मेयर]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/21-questions-with-fifth-harmony-s-lauren-im-a-rock-chick-at-heart__7537/|title=21 Questions with Fifth Harmony's Lauren: &quot;I'm a rock chick at heart&quot;|publisher=Official Charts Company|date=November 28, 2014|access-date=December 14, 2018|archive-date=December 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216120652/https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/21-questions-with-fifth-harmony-s-lauren-im-a-rock-chick-at-heart__7537/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; लरेन हिल,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/6784942/billboard-women-in-music-fifth-harmony-group-of-year-role-models-positive-self-image|title=Billboard Women in Music 'Group of the Year' Fifth Harmony: 'Being a Woman, and Killing It, Is Awesome'|magazine=Billboard|date=December 3, 2015|access-date=December 14, 2018|first=Sharon|last=Steel|archive-date=December 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217231033/https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/6784942/billboard-women-in-music-fifth-harmony-group-of-year-role-models-positive-self-image|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/lauren-jauregui-lauryn-hill-the-miseducation-of-lauryn-hill-anniversary-tribute-8472176/|title=Lauren Jauregui Pays Tribute to 'The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill' on the Album's 20th Anniversary|magazine=Billboard|date=October 25, 2018|access-date=December 15, 2018|archive-date=December 17, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217235611/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/8472176/lauren-jauregui-lauryn-hill-the-miseducation-of-lauryn-hill-anniversary-tribute|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; पारामोर,&lt;ref name=&quot;playlist&quot;/&gt; [[एलिसिया किज]],&lt;ref name=&quot;playlist&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/video/bilboard-women-in-music-2015-fifth-harmony-on-their-musical-influences-6805718|title=Bilboard Women in Music 2015: Fifth Harmony on Their Musical Influences|magazine=Billboard (magazine)|date=December 12, 2015|access-date=January 30, 2020|archive-date=March 8, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308151013/https://www.billboard.com/video/bilboard-women-in-music-2015-fifth-harmony-on-their-musical-influences-6805718|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; जनेल मोने,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/8490873/lauren-jauregui-tierra-whack-who-inspires-them-video|title=Lauren Jauregui and Tierra Whack Discuss Being Inspired by Fellow Women in Music: Watch|magazine=Billboard|date=December 21, 2018|access-date=March 14, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190406023046/https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/women-in-music/8490873/lauren-jauregui-tierra-whack-who-inspires-them-video|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[सकिरा]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|access-date=May 20, 2019|title=Fifth Harmony's Lauren Jauregui|url=https://www.etonline.com/fifth-harmonys-lauren-jauregui-her-cultural-identity-and-self-confidence-i-love-who-i-am-exclusive|website=Entertainment Tonight|archive-date=March 29, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329210317/https://www.etonline.com/fifth-harmonys-lauren-jauregui-her-cultural-identity-and-self-confidence-i-love-who-i-am-exclusive|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[क्रिस्टिना आगिलेरा]],&lt;ref name=&quot;playlist&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lauren-jauregui-shares-playlist-of-her-life|title=Lauren Jauregui Shares the Playlist of Her Life|work=Teen Vogue|date=October 26, 2018|access-date=December 14, 2018|archive-date=September 28, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928183556/https://www.teenvogue.com/story/lauren-jauregui-shares-playlist-of-her-life|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[एमी वाइनहाउस]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://etcanada.com/news/367530/elton-john-says-amy-winehouse-performed-one-of-the-best-10-shows-he-had-ever-seen/|title=Elton John Says Amy Winehouse Performed 'One Of The Best 10 Shows' He Had Ever Seen|work=Entertainment Tonight Canada|date=September 13, 2018|access-date=December 15, 2018|archive-date=December 16, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216120719/https://etcanada.com/news/367530/elton-john-says-amy-winehouse-performed-one-of-the-best-10-shows-he-had-ever-seen/|url-status=dead}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181216120719/https://etcanada.com/news/367530/elton-john-says-amy-winehouse-performed-one-of-the-best-10-shows-he-had-ever-seen/ |date=December 16, 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; र फ्र्याङ्क ओसन पर्दछन्।

== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

== बाह्य कडीहरू ==

* {{कमन्सश्रेणी}}
* {{Official website|https://www.laurenjauregui.com}}
* {{IMDb name|5297270|लरेन हाउरेगी}}

[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:सन् १९९६ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी महिला गीतकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी नारीवादीहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:फिफ्थ हार्मोनीका सदस्यहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
      <sha1>k4scvm8qmp9pmj9ptm0jt1opz3xp938</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>फिफ्थ हार्मोनी</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>148441</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363357</id>
      <parentid>1340556</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:37:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[विकिपिडिया:हटक्याट|हटक्याट]]द्वारा [[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]] जोडियो</comment>
      <origin>1363357</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15595" sha1="biji7cmza0i0cezb5jt6ccd6gg3woks" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = फिफ्थ हार्मोनी
| image             = Fifth harmony.jpg
| landscape         = yes
| caption           = सन् २०१७ मा ४ जनको समूहको रूपमा प्रस्तुति दिँदै फिफ्थ हार्मोनी
| alias             = ५एच (5H)
| origin            = [[मियामी]], [[फ्लोरिडा]], संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका&lt;ref name=&quot;Fifth Harmony Bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fifthharmonyofficial.com/bio/ |title=Bio: Fifth Harmony |website=Fifth Harmony Official |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103050655/http://fifthharmonyofficial.com/bio |archive-date=January 3, 2016 |access-date=January 14, 2015 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103050655/http://fifthharmonyofficial.com/bio |date=January 3, 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| genre             = {{flatlist|
* [[पप सङ्गीत|पप]] 
* [[समकालीन आर रबी|आर र बी]]
}}
| discography       = {{flatlist|
* [[फिफ्थ हार्मोनी डिस्कोग्राफी|डिस्कोग्राफी]]
* रेकर्ड गरिएका गीतहरू
}}
| years_active      = {{flatlist|
* सन् २०१२–२०१८
* सन् २०२५
}}
| label             = {{flatlist|
* [[साइको रेकर्ड्स|साइको]]
* [[एपिक रेकर्ड्स|एपिक]]
}}
| website           = {{URL|fifthharmony.com}}
| current_members   = 
* [[एली ब्रुक]]
* [[डायना जेन]]
* [[लरेन हाउरेगी]]
* [[नोर्मानी]]
| past_members      = 
* [[कामिला काबेयो]]
}}

'''फिफ्थ हार्मोनी''' ({{भाषा-अङ्ग्रेजी|'''Fifth Harmony'''}}), जसलाई प्रायः छोटो रूपमा ('''5H''') भनिन्छ, अमेरिकाको मियामी सहरमा आधारित एक अमेरिकी किशोरी साङ्गीतिक समूह हो। यस समूहको सदस्यहरूमा [[एली ब्रुक]], [[नोर्मानी]], [[डायना जेन]], [[लरेन हाउरेगी]] हुन् भने सन् २०१६ डिसेम्बरमा समूहकी गायिका [[कामिला काबेयो]]ले समूह छाडेकी थिइन्। सन् २०१२ मा अमेरिकी गायन प्रतियोगिता शृङ्खला ''द एक्स फ्याक्टर'' को दोस्रो संस्करणमा प्रतिस्पर्धा गरी बाहिरिएपछि यस समूहले [[साइमन कावेल]]को लेबल साइको रेकर्ड्स र एलए रिडको एपिक रेकर्ड्ससँगको सम्झौतामा संयुक्त हस्ताक्षर गरेको थियो।

समूहले आफ्नो विस्तारित साङ्गीतिक सङ्ग्रह ''बेटर टुगेदर'' अघि आफ्नो पहिलो एकल गीत &quot; मुभिन अन&quot; सार्वजनिक गरेको थियो। सन् २०१५ मा समूहले आफ्नो पहिलो स्टुडियो एल्बम ''रिफ्लेक्सन'' जारी गरेपछि यसलाई अमेरिकी रेकर्डिङ उद्योग सङ्घले स्वर्ण प्रमाणीकरण गरेको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;headlineplanet.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://headlineplanet.com/home/2016/02/01/Fifth-harmonys-reflection-halseys-badlands-certified-gold-in-the-us/ |title=Fifth Harmony's &quot;Reflection,&quot; Halsey's &quot;Badlands&quot; Certified Gold As RIAA Adds Track Sales, Streams |website=Headline Planet |date=February 2016 |language=en-US |access-date=April 6, 2016 |archive-date=April 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404230116/http://headlineplanet.com/home/2016/02/01/fifth-harmonys-reflection-halseys-badlands-certified-gold-in-the-us/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; यसमा विस्तारित साङ्गीतिक सङ्ग्रहमा &quot;बोस&quot;, &quot;स्लेजह्यामर&quot; र &quot;वोर्थ इट&quot; जस्ता एकल गीतहरू समावेश थिए भने यसको पछिल्लो गीत १३ देशका साङ्गितिक तालिकाहरूमा शीर्ष १० स्थानमा पुग्न सफल भएको थियो। सन् २०१६ मा समूहले आफ्नो दोस्रो एल्बम ''७/२७'' बाट मुख्य एकल गीत &quot;वर्क फ्रम होम&quot; सार्वजनिक गरेको थियो जुन [[बिलबोर्ड हट १००|''बिलबोर्ड'' हट १००]] मा चौथो स्थानसम्म उक्लिएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Trust |first=Gary |date=April 4, 2016 |title=Work' Week: Rihanna Tops Hot 100 for Seventh Week, Fifth Harmony Earns First Top 10 Hit |url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7318927/rihanna-work-hot-100-Fifth-harwmony-first-top-10 |access-date=April 4, 2016 |magazine=Billboard}}{{dead link|date=September 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt; यो गीत उक्त सङ्गीत तालिकामा एक दशकपछि शीर्ष पाँचमा पर्ने किशोरी साङ्गितिक समूहको पहिलो एकल गीत बन्न सफल भएको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;billboard21&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine |title=21 Under 21 2016: Music's Hottest Young Stars |url=http://www.billboard.com/photos/7519026/21-under-21-desiigner-Fifth-harmony-shawn-mendes/2 |access-date=September 19, 2016 |magazine=Billboard |archive-date=October 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003173501/http://www.billboard.com/photos/7519026/21-under-21-desiigner-fifth-harmony-shawn-mendes/2 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; यस समूहले सन् २०१७ मा ''फिफ्थ हार्मोनी'' नामक तेस्रो एल्बम सार्वजनिक गरेको थियो। सदस्यहरूलाई एकल परियोजनामा लाग्न दिने उद्देश्यले सन् २०१८ मार्चमा यो समूह अनिश्चितकालका लागि निष्क्रिय भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last=Hughes |first=Hilary |date=May 11, 2018 |title=Fifth Harmony Take a Bittersweet Bow at Their Final U.S. Show: Watch |magazine=Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/fifth-harmony-take-a-bow-final-us-show-hiatus-8455711/ |access-date=May 12, 2018 |archive-date=May 23, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180523043340/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8455711/fifth-harmony-take-a-bow-final-us-show-hiatus |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

फिफ्थ हार्मोनीले लगभग १ करोड ५० लाख आरआइएए प्रमाणित एकाइहरू बिक्री गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fifth Harmony|publisher=Recording Industry Association of America|url=https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&amp;se=fifth+harmony#search_section|access-date=April 9, 2021|archive-date=April 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160407174642/http://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&amp;se=Fifth+Harmony#search_section|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; र ३ करोड ३० लाख प्रतिहरू बिक्री भएको तथ्याङ्कका साथ यो समूह सबै समयका सबैभन्दा धेरै बिक्री हुने किशोरी साङ्गीतिक समूहहरू मध्ये एक बनेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top 25: Most influential girl groups of all time (+ Videos)|date=November 19, 2016|language=ES|url=https://www.eonline.com/mx/news/809651/top-25-los-grupos-femeninos-mas-influyentes-de-todos-los-tiempos-videos|publisher=E! Online|accessdate=November 19, 2016|archive-date=February 7, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207044652/https://www.eonline.com/mx/news/809651/top-25-los-grupos-femeninos-mas-influyentes-de-todos-los-tiempos-videos|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनीहरू आफ्नो स्वरको दायरा&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=February 15, 2015|title=Who the Heck Are Fifth Harmony, and Why Are Teens Obsessed With Them?|url=https://www.vulture.com/2015/01/who-the-heck-are-fifth-harmony.html|website=Vulture (magazine)|access-date=July 14, 2022|archive-date=November 9, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109010907/https://www.vulture.com/2015/01/who-the-heck-are-fifth-harmony.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; र महिला सशक्तिकरण, आत्म-सकारात्मकता, आत्मविश्वास र एकताका विषयवस्तु भएका गीतहरूका लागि परिचित छन्।&lt;ref name=&quot;Are You a Harmonizer or a Mixer&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|last1=Lipshutz|first1=Jason|date=November 7, 2017|title=Are You a Harmonizer or a Mixer?|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/fifth-harmony-little-mix-harmonizer-or-mixer-6487586/|magazine=Billboard|access-date=July 14, 2022|archive-date=July 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711164357/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/fifth-harmony-little-mix-harmonizer-or-mixer-6487586/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; नियलसन साउन्डस्क्यानका का अनुसार सन् २०१६ सम्ममा उनीहरूले गीतलाई १ अर्ब ६० करोड पटकसम्म बजाइसकिएको छ।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://www.billboard.com/pro/fifth-harmony-chart-highlights-hot-100-first-chapter/ |title=Fifth Harmony's Billboard Chart Highlights: The First Chapter |last=Anderson |first=Trevor |date=December 19, 2016 |magazine=Billboard |access-date=December 20, 2016 |archive-date=September 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924031119/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7625604/Fifth-harmony-chart-highlights-hot-100-first-chapter |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[बिलबोर्ड (पत्रिका)|बिलबोर्ड]]'' ले उनीहरूलाई सन् २०१० को दशकको सबैभन्दा सफल किशोरी साङ्गीतिक समूह घोषित गरेको थियो।&lt;ref name=&quot;Lipshutz&quot;&gt;{{Cite magazine|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|date=March 20, 2018|title=Why Fifth Harmony Mattered: Evaluating the Legacy of the Biggest Girl Group of the '10s|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/fifth-harmony-hiatus-why-they-matter-8252636/|access-date=January 11, 2022|magazine=Billboard|language=en-US|archive-date=January 11, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111045359/https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/fifth-harmony-hiatus-why-they-matter-8252636/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; सन् २०१७ मा, ''[[टाइम (पत्रिका)|टाइम]]'' ले उनीहरूलाई सम्भवतः &quot;विश्वकै सबैभन्दा सफल र प्रख्यात किशोरी साङ्गीतिक समूह&quot; को रूपमा उल्लेख गरेको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |last1=June 8 |first1=Raisa Bruner |last2=Edt |first2=2017 8:00 Am |title=Fifth Harmony on Finding Their Groove as a Foursome |url=https://time.com/4807958/fifth-harmony-foursome-down/ |access-date=February 26, 2022 |magazine=Time |language=en |archive-date=May 11, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511140224/https://time.com/4807958/fifth-harmony-foursome-down/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511140224/https://time.com/4807958/fifth-harmony-foursome-down/ |date=May 11, 2022 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

फिफ्थ हार्मोनीले २१औँ शताब्दीका कुनै पनि किशोरी साङ्गीतिक समूहको तुलनामा अमेरिकी [[बिलबोर्ड २००|''बिलबोर्ड'' २००]] मा सबैभन्दा धेरै शीर्ष १० एल्बमहरू दर्ता गराउन सफल भएको थियो।&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Billboard Explains The Evolution of Girl Groups {{!}} Ghostarchive |url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/3cY99BnfjNA |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=ghostarchive.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; उनीहरूले प्राप्त गरेका पुरस्कारहरूमा; १ अमेरिकी सङ्गीत पुरस्कार, तीन एमटिभी युरोप सङ्गीत पुरस्कार, ३ गिनीज विश्व कीर्तिमान, ४ एमटिभी भिडियो म्युजिक पुरस्कार, ४ आईहार्टरेडियो म्युजिक पुरस्कार, पहिलो पटक प्रदान गरिएको ''बिलबोर्ड'' वुमन इन म्युजिक] 'वर्ष शीर्ष साङ्गीतिक समूह' पुरस्कार, कीर्तिमानी ५ निकलोडियन किड्स च्वाइस पुरस्कार (कुनै पनि किशोरी समूहका लागि सबैभन्दा धेरै)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=January 11, 2022 |title=Most Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards won by a music group {{!}} Guinness World Records |url=https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/397208-most-nickelodeons-kids-choice-awards-won-by-a-music-group |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111041405/https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/397208-most-nickelodeons-kids-choice-awards-won-by-a-music-group |archive-date=January 11, 2022 |access-date=January 11, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; र १० टिन च्वाइस पुरस्कारहरू समावेश छन्।

== सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू ==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

== बाह्य कडीहरू ==

{{commons category}}
* {{Official website|http://www.Fifthharmonyofficial.com/}}
* {{IMDb name|5318269|फिफ्थ हार्मोनी}}

[[श्रेणी:अमेरिकी पप महिला समूहहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]</text>
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      <comment>Saroj ले [[चित्र:Spider-Man Brand New Day poster.jpg]] को नयाँ संस्करण अपलोड गरेका छन्</comment>
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| Use = Infobox
| Distributor = [[सोनी पिक्चर्स रिलिजिङ]]
| Publisher = [[कोलम्बिया पिक्चर्स]] र [[मार्भल स्टुडियोज]]
| Source = [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/spider-man-brand-new-day-scene-1236563065/ ''The Hollywood Reporter'']
| Other information = {{Marvel-Comics-trademark-copyright|2026}}
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== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2020s American film posters}}
[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]
[[Category:Marvel Cinematic Universe film posters]]
[[Category:Spider-Man (2017 film series) images]]</text>
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      <comment>/* Summary */ // Edit via Wikiplus</comment>
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      <text bytes="816" sha1="mru1in6f12j3anlepacl433mhtaa3fc" xml:space="preserve">== Summary ==
{{Non-free use rationale poster
| Media = film
| Article = स्पाइडर-म्यान: ब्रान्ड न्यु डे
| Use = Infobox
| Distributor = [[सोनी पिक्चर्स रिलिजिङ]]
| Publisher = [[कोलम्बिया पिक्चर्स]] र [[मार्भल स्टुडियोज]]
| Source = [https://spidermanbrandnewday.movie/images/spidermanbrandnewday_hoodieposter.jpg Sony Pictures official website]
| Other information = {{Marvel-Comics-trademark-copyright|2026}}
}}

== Licensing ==
{{Non-free film poster|image has rationale=yes|2020s American film posters}}
[[Category:Film posters for English-language films]]
[[Category:Marvel Cinematic Universe film posters]]
[[Category:Spider-Man (2017 film series) images]]</text>
      <sha1>mru1in6f12j3anlepacl433mhtaa3fc</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ढाँचा:2026 FIFA World Cup group tables</title>
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|Group A={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=yo
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=MEX, KOR, CZE, RSA

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 18, 2026
|win_MEX=2 |draw_MEX=0 |loss_MEX=0 |gf_MEX=3 |ga_MEX=0 |status_MEX=HA
|win_RSA=0 |draw_RSA=1 |loss_RSA=1 |gf_RSA=1 |ga_RSA=3 |status_RSA=
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|win_CZE=0 |draw_CZE=1 |loss_CZE=1 |gf_CZE=2 |ga_CZE=3 |status_CZE=

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_MEX={{#invoke:flag|fb|MEX}}
|name_RSA={{#invoke:flag|fb|RSA}}
|name_KOR={{#invoke:flag|fb|KOR}}
|name_CZE={{#invoke:flag|fb|CZE}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
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}}
|Group B={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=CAN, SUI, BIH, QAT

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 18, 2026
|win_CAN=1 |draw_CAN=1 |loss_CAN=0 |gf_CAN=7 |ga_CAN=1 |status_CAN=H
|win_BIH=0 |draw_BIH=1 |loss_BIH=1 |gf_BIH=2 |ga_BIH=5 |status_BIH=
|win_QAT=0 |draw_QAT=1 |loss_QAT=1 |gf_QAT=1 |ga_QAT=7 |status_QAT=
|win_SUI=1 |draw_SUI=1 |loss_SUI=0 |gf_SUI=5 |ga_SUI=2 |status_SUI=

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_CAN={{#invoke:flag|fb|CAN}}
|name_BIH={{#invoke:flag|fb|BIH}}
|name_QAT={{#invoke:flag|fb|QAT}}
|name_SUI={{#invoke:flag|fb|SUI}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
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}}
|Group C={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=BRA, MAR, SCO, HAI

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 19, 2026
|win_BRA=1 |draw_BRA=1 |loss_BRA=0 |gf_BRA=4 |ga_BRA=1 |status_BRA=
|win_MAR=1 |draw_MAR=1 |loss_MAR=0 |gf_MAR=2 |ga_MAR=1 |status_MAR=
|win_HAI=0 |draw_HAI=0 |loss_HAI=2 |gf_HAI=0 |ga_HAI=4 |status_HAI=E
|win_SCO=1 |draw_SCO=0 |loss_SCO=1 |gf_SCO=1 |ga_SCO=1 |status_SCO=

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_BRA={{#invoke:flag|fb|BRA}}
|name_MAR={{#invoke:flag|fb|MAR}}
|name_HAI={{#invoke:flag|fb|HAI}}
|name_SCO={{#invoke:flag|fb|SCO}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group D={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=USA, AUS, PAR, TUR

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 19, 2026
|win_USA=2 |draw_USA=0 |loss_USA=0 |gf_USA=6 |ga_USA=1 |status_USA=HA
|win_PAR=1 |draw_PAR=0 |loss_PAR=1 |gf_PAR=2 |ga_PAR=4 |status_PAR=
|win_AUS=1 |draw_AUS=0 |loss_AUS=1 |gf_AUS=2 |ga_AUS=2 |status_AUS=
|win_TUR=0 |draw_TUR=0 |loss_TUR=2 |gf_TUR=0 |ga_TUR=3 |status_TUR=E

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_USA={{#invoke:flag|fb|USA}}
|name_PAR={{#invoke:flag|fb|PAR}}
|name_AUS={{#invoke:flag|fb|AUS}}
|name_TUR={{#invoke:flag|fb|TUR}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group E={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=GER, CIV, ECU, CUW

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 20, 2026
|win_GER=2 |draw_GER=0 |loss_GER=0 |gf_GER=9 |ga_GER=2 |status_GER=A
|win_CUW=0 |draw_CUW=1 |loss_CUW=1 |gf_CUW=1 |ga_CUW=7 |status_CUW=
|win_CIV=1 |draw_CIV=0 |loss_CIV=1 |gf_CIV=2 |ga_CIV=2 |status_CIV=
|win_ECU=0 |draw_ECU=1 |loss_ECU=1 |gf_ECU=0 |ga_ECU=1 |status_ECU=

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_GER={{#invoke:flag|fb|GER}}
|name_CUW={{#invoke:flag|fb|CUW}}
|name_CIV={{#invoke:flag|fb|CIV}}
|name_ECU={{#invoke:flag|fb|ECU}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group F={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=NED, JPN, SWE, TUN

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 20, 2026
|win_NED=1 |draw_NED=1 |loss_NED=0 |gf_NED=7 |ga_NED=3 |status_NED=
|win_JPN=1 |draw_JPN=1 |loss_JPN=0 |gf_JPN=6 |ga_JPN=2 |status_JPN=
|win_SWE=1 |draw_SWE=0 |loss_SWE=1 |gf_SWE=6 |ga_SWE=6 |status_SWE=
|win_TUN=0 |draw_TUN=0 |loss_TUN=2 |gf_TUN=1 |ga_TUN=9 |status_TUN=E

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_NED={{#invoke:flag|fb|NED}}
|name_JPN={{#invoke:flag|fb|JPN}}
|name_SWE={{#invoke:flag|fb|SWE}}
|name_TUN={{#invoke:flag|fb|TUN}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group G={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order= EGY, IRN, BEL, NZL

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 21, 2026
|win_BEL=0 |draw_BEL=2 |loss_BEL=0 |gf_BEL=1 |ga_BEL=1 |status_BEL=
|win_EGY=1 |draw_EGY=1 |loss_EGY=0 |gf_EGY=4 |ga_EGY=2 |status_EGY=
|win_IRN=0 |draw_IRN=2 |loss_IRN=0 |gf_IRN=2 |ga_IRN=2 |status_IRN=
|win_NZL=0 |draw_NZL=1 |loss_NZL=1 |gf_NZL=3 |ga_NZL=5 |status_NZL=

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_BEL={{#invoke:flag|fb|BEL}}
|name_EGY={{#invoke:flag|fb|EGY}}
|name_IRN={{#invoke:flag|fb|IRN}}
|name_NZL={{#invoke:flag|fb|NZL}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group H={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=ESP, URU, CPV, KSA

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 21, 2026
|win_ESP=1 |draw_ESP=1 |loss_ESP=0 |gf_ESP=4 |ga_ESP=0 |status_ESP=
|win_CPV=0 |draw_CPV=2 |loss_CPV=0 |gf_CPV=2 |ga_CPV=2 |status_CPV=
|win_KSA=0 |draw_KSA=1 |loss_KSA=1 |gf_KSA=1 |ga_KSA=5 |status_KSA=
|win_URU=0 |draw_URU=2 |loss_URU=0 |gf_URU=3 |ga_URU=3 |status_URU=

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_ESP={{#invoke:flag|fb|ESP}}
|name_CPV={{#invoke:flag|fb|CPV}}
|name_KSA={{#invoke:flag|fb|KSA}}
|name_URU={{#invoke:flag|fb|URU}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group I={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=FRA, NOR, SEN, IRQ

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 22, 2026
|win_FRA=2 |draw_FRA=0 |loss_FRA=0 |gf_FRA=6 |ga_FRA=1 |status_FRA=A
|win_SEN=0 |draw_SEN=0 |loss_SEN=2 |gf_SEN=3 |ga_SEN=6 |status_SEN=
|win_IRQ=0 |draw_IRQ=0 |loss_IRQ=2 |gf_IRQ=1 |ga_IRQ=7 |status_IRQ=
|win_NOR=2 |draw_NOR=0 |loss_NOR=0 |gf_NOR=7 |ga_NOR=3 |status_NOR=A

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_FRA={{#invoke:flag|fb|FRA}}
|name_SEN={{#invoke:flag|fb|SEN}}
|name_IRQ={{#invoke:flag|fb|IRQ}}
|name_NOR={{#invoke:flag|fb|NOR}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group J={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=ARG, AUT, ALG, JOR

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 22, 2026
|win_ARG=2 |draw_ARG=0 |loss_ARG=0 |gf_ARG=5 |ga_ARG=0 |status_ARG=A
|win_ALG=1 |draw_ALG=0 |loss_ALG=1 |gf_ALG=2 |ga_ALG=4 |status_ALG=
|win_AUT=1 |draw_AUT=0 |loss_AUT=1 |gf_AUT=3 |ga_AUT=3 |status_AUT=
|win_JOR=0 |draw_JOR=0 |loss_JOR=2 |gf_JOR=2 |ga_JOR=5 |status_JOR=E

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_ARG={{#invoke:flag|fb|ARG}}
|name_ALG={{#invoke:flag|fb|ALG}}
|name_AUT={{#invoke:flag|fb|AUT}}
|name_JOR={{#invoke:flag|fb|JOR}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group K={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=COL, POR, COD, UZB

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 23, 2026
|win_POR=1 |draw_POR=1 |loss_POR=0 |gf_POR=6 |ga_POR=1 |status_POR=
|win_COD=0 |draw_COD=1 |loss_COD=1 |gf_COD=1 |ga_COD=2 |status_COD=
|win_UZB=0 |draw_UZB=0 |loss_UZB=2 |gf_UZB=1 |ga_UZB=8 |status_UZB=
|win_COL=2 |draw_COL=0 |loss_COL=0 |gf_COL=4 |ga_COL=1 |status_COL=A

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_POR={{#invoke:flag|fb|POR}}
|name_COD={{#invoke:flag|fb|COD}}
|name_UZB={{#invoke:flag|fb|UZB}}
|name_COL={{#invoke:flag|fb|COL}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|Group L={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Tiebreakers|Group stage tiebreakers]]
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=ENG, GHA, CRO, PAN

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 23, 2026
|win_ENG=1 |draw_ENG=1 |loss_ENG=0 |gf_ENG=4 |ga_ENG=2 |status_ENG=
|win_CRO=1 |draw_CRO=0 |loss_CRO=1 |gf_CRO=3 |ga_CRO=4 |status_CRO=
|win_GHA=1 |draw_GHA=1 |loss_GHA=0 |gf_GHA=1 |ga_GHA=0 |status_GHA=
|win_PAN=0 |draw_PAN=0 |loss_PAN=2 |gf_PAN=0 |ga_PAN=2 |status_PAN=E

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_ENG={{#invoke:flag|fb|ENG}}
|name_CRO={{#invoke:flag|fb|CRO}}
|name_GHA={{#invoke:flag|fb|GHA}}
|name_PAN={{#invoke:flag|fb|PAN}}

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=3rd
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
|col_3rd=blue1 |text_3rd=Possible {{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|knockout stage]]}} based on [[2026 FIFA World Cup#Ranking of third-placed teams|ranking]]
}}
|3rd place={{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WDL|param1_valid=y
|class_rules=1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Team conduct (&quot;fair play&quot;) score; 5) Latest [[FIFA Men's World Ranking|FIFA ranking]] (June 11, 2026); 6) Previous FIFA ranking(s) report.
|source=[https://www.fifa.com/en/tournaments/mens/worldcup/canadamexicousa2026/standings FIFA]; [https://www.flashscore.com/football/world/world-championship/standings/SbLsX4y7/standings/ Flashscore]

&lt;!--Update team positions below (check tiebreakers)--&gt;
|team_order=GrF, GrC, GrL, GrJ, GrD, GrH, GrG, GrA, GrK, GrE, GrB, GrI

&lt;!--Update team results below (including date)--&gt;
|update=June 23, 2026
|win_GrA=0 |draw_GrA=1 |loss_GrA=1 |gf_GrA=2 |ga_GrA=3 |status_GrA=
|win_GrB=0 |draw_GrB=1 |loss_GrB=1 |gf_GrB=2 |ga_GrB=5 |status_GrB=
|win_GrC=1 |draw_GrC=0 |loss_GrC=1 |gf_GrC=1 |ga_GrC=1 |status_GrC=
|win_GrD=1 |draw_GrD=0 |loss_GrD=1 |gf_GrD=2 |ga_GrD=4 |status_GrD=
|win_GrE=0 |draw_GrE=1 |loss_GrE=1 |gf_GrE=0 |ga_GrE=1 |status_GrE=
|win_GrF=1 |draw_GrF=0 |loss_GrF=1 |gf_GrF=6 |ga_GrF=6 |status_GrF=
|win_GrG=0 |draw_GrG=2 |loss_GrG=0 |gf_GrG=1 |ga_GrG=1 |status_GrG=
|win_GrH=0 |draw_GrH=2 |loss_GrH=0 |gf_GrH=2 |ga_GrH=2 |status_GrH=
|win_GrI=0 |draw_GrI=0 |loss_GrI=2 |gf_GrI=3 |ga_GrI=6 |status_GrI=
|win_GrJ=1 |draw_GrJ=0 |loss_GrJ=1 |gf_GrJ=2 |ga_GrJ=4 |status_GrJ=
|win_GrK=0 |draw_GrK=1 |loss_GrK=1 |gf_GrK=1 |ga_GrK=2 |status_GrK=
|win_GrL=1 |draw_GrL=0 |loss_GrL=1 |gf_GrL=3 |ga_GrL=4 |status_GrL=

|hth_GrJ = Team conduct score: Algeria −1, Paraguay −11.
|hth_GrD = GrJ

&lt;!--Team definitions--&gt;
|name_GrA={{#invoke:flag|fb|CZE}}
|name_GrB={{#invoke:flag|fb|BIH}}
|name_GrC={{#invoke:flag|fb|SCO}}
|name_GrD={{#invoke:flag|fb|PAR}}
|name_GrE={{#invoke:flag|fb|ECU}}
|name_GrF={{#invoke:flag|fb|SWE}}
|name_GrG={{#invoke:flag|fb|BEL}}
|name_GrH={{#invoke:flag|fb|CPV}}
|name_GrI={{#invoke:flag|fb|SEN}}
|name_GrJ={{#invoke:flag|fb|ALG}}
|name_GrK={{#invoke:flag|fb|COD}}
|name_GrL={{#invoke:flag|fb|CRO}}

&lt;!--Group definitions--&gt;
|show_groups=T
|group_GrA=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group A|A]]
|group_GrB=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group B|B]]
|group_GrC=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group C|C]]
|group_GrD=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group D|D]]
|group_GrE=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group E|E]]
|group_GrF=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group F|F]]
|group_GrG=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group G|G]]
|group_GrH=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group H|H]]
|group_GrI=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group I|I]]
|group_GrJ=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group J|J]]
|group_GrK=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group K|K]]
|group_GrL=[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Group L|L]]

&lt;!--Qualification column definitions--&gt;
|res_col_header={{nowrap|Position will qualify for:}}
|result1=KO |result2=KO |result3=KO |result4=KO |result5=KO |result6=KO |result7=KO |result8=KO
|col_KO=green1 |text_KO={{#ifeq:{{PAGENAME}}|2026 FIFA World Cup|[[2026 FIFA World Cup#Knockout stage|Knockout stage]]|[[2026 FIFA World Cup knockout stage|Knockout stage]]}}
}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Multiple sports table preview|Group A|Group B|Group C|Group D|Group E|Group F|Group G|Group H|Group I|Group J|Group K|Group L|3rd place}}
[[Category:2026 FIFA World Cup templates|Group tables]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ट्विटर</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>150596</id>
    <redirect title="एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)" />
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-23T12:43:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>पर्वत सुवेदी</username>
        <id>31224</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[ट्विटर]] पृष्ठलाई [[एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)]]मा सारियो: नाम परिवर्तन भइ एक्स बनेको</comment>
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      <text bytes="88" sha1="sqoy8gp8uk16pp64p1qtozlsi45qsr5" xml:space="preserve">#अनुप्रेषण [[एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>वार्तालाप:ट्विटर</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
    <id>150597</id>
    <redirect title="वार्तालाप:एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)" />
    <revision>
      <id>1363315</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-23T12:43:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>पर्वत सुवेदी</username>
        <id>31224</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[वार्तालाप:ट्विटर]] पृष्ठलाई [[वार्तालाप:एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)]]मा सारियो: नाम परिवर्तन भइ एक्स बनेको</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="116" sha1="2216qqgqpf27x5ynlqy6fy1s2vmx8vh" xml:space="preserve">#अनुप्रेषण [[वार्तालाप:एक्स (सामाजिक सञ्जाल)]]</text>
      <sha1>2216qqgqpf27x5ynlqy6fy1s2vmx8vh</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका ट्विटर खाताहरूको सूची</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-23T12:44:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>पर्वत सुवेदी</username>
        <id>31224</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>पर्वत सुवेदीद्वारा [[सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका ट्विटर खाताहरूको सूची]] पृष्ठलाई [[सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका एक्स खाताहरूको सूची]]मा सारियो</comment>
      <origin>1363317</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="149" sha1="4lru1jxfsksoy1xdpjs2mokmletzea4" xml:space="preserve">#अनुप्रेषण [[सर्वाधिक अनुसरण गरिएका एक्स खाताहरूको सूची]]</text>
      <sha1>4lru1jxfsksoy1xdpjs2mokmletzea4</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>टाइला</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>150599</id>
    <revision>
      <id>1363341</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:32:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>नयाँ लेख</comment>
      <origin>1363341</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7402" sha1="nvp5mm46rtvr2zg1vdlpj1tbrmp28wj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| image              = Guests at the 2026 Met Gala 384 (Tyla).jpg
| caption            = सन् २०२६ मा टाइला
| birth_name         = टाइला लौरा सीथल
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|2002|01|30}}
| birth_place        = इडेनभेल, दक्षिण अफ्रिका
| occupation         = {{hlist|गायिका|गीतकार}}
| years_active       = सन् २०१९–हालसम्म
| website            = 
| relatives          = 
| module             = {{infobox musical artist
| embed              = yes
| background         = solo_singer
| instruments = Vocals
| genre              = {{hlist|अमापियानो&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2023/10/17/tyla/|title=Tyla Features In Our Autumn/Fall 2023 Issue|magazine=[[Wonderland (magazine)|Wonderland]]|access-date=23 March 2024|date=16 October 2023|archive-date=20 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120044522/https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2023/10/17/tyla/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|[[पप सङ्गीत|पप]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/tyla-amapiano-south-africa-been-thinking-getting-late-radar-3408832|title=Tyla: &quot;I really want eyes on all African artists, because we need more attention&quot;|date=8 March 2023|access-date=7 September 2023|publisher=[[NME]]|first=Erica|last=Campbell|archive-date=7 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907160419/https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/tyla-ampiano-south-africa-been-thinking-getting-late-radar-3408832|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|आर एन्ड बी&lt;ref name=&quot;Vice&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Dunn |first1=Frankie |title=Tyla is on a mission to become South Africa's biggest popstar |url=https://i-d.co/article/south-africa-popstar-tyla-getting-late-interview/ |website=[[i-D]] |publisher=[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]] |date=3 April 2021 |access-date=7 September 2023 |archive-date=14 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230814120737/https://i-d.vice.com/en/article/wx8939/south-africa-popstar-tyla-getting-late-interview |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}
| label             = {{hlist|फ्याक्स|[[एपिक रेकर्ड्स|एपिक]]}}
| website           = {{URL|tylaworld.com}}
}}
| module2            = {{Infobox person|embed=yes
 | signature       = Tyla sig.svg
 }}
}}

'''टाइला लौरा सीथल''' (जन्म ३० जनवरी २००२) एक दक्षिण अफ्रिकी गायिका तथा गीतकार हुन्। &quot;पोपियानोकी रानी&quot; भनेर चिनिने उनको सङ्गीत शैली [[पप सङ्गीत|पप]] र अमापियानोको सम्मिश्रणद्वारा विशेषता प्राप्त छ। टाइलाले सन् २०२३ मा सार्वजनिक भएको आफ्नो एकल गीत &quot;[[वाटर (टाइलाको गीत)|वाटर]]&quot; मार्फत अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय मान्यता प्राप्त गरिन्, जुन उनको मातृदेश दक्षिण अफ्रिकासहित बेलायत र संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका लगायतका धेरै देशहरूको शीर्ष १० मा पर्न सफल भएको थियो।

जोहानेसबर्गको इस्ट र्यान्ड क्षेत्रमा जन्मिएकी र हुर्किएकी टाइलाले आफ्नो सन् २०१९ को पहिलो एकल गीत &quot;[[गेटिङ लेट (टाइलाको गीत)|गेटिङ लेट]]&quot; को घरेलु सफलतापछि सन् २०२१ मा [[एपिक रेकर्ड्स]]सँग सम्झौता गरिन्। उनको एकल गीत &quot;वाटर&quot; ५५ वर्षपछि अमेरिकी [[बिलबोर्ड हट १००|''बिलबोर्ड'' हट १००]] मा प्रवेश गर्ने दक्षिण अफ्रिकी एकल कलाकारको पहिलो गीत थियो र यसलाई उत्कृष्ट अफ्रिकी सङ्गीत प्रदर्शनको लागि पहिलो [[ग्रामी पुरस्कार]] प्रदान गरिएको थियो। उक्त एकल गीतपछि उनको [[टाइला (एल्बम)|स्व-शीर्षकयुक्त पहिलो एल्बम]] (२०२४) सार्वजनिक भएको थियो, जसले समीक्षकहरूबाट प्रशंसा प्राप्त गरेको थियो र व्यावसायिक रूपमा पनि मध्यम सफलता हासिल गरेको थियो। यसपछिका रिलिजहरूमा एक्स्टेन्डेड प्ले ''[[डब्ल्युडब्ल्युपी (इपी)|वी वाना पार्टी]]'' (२०२५) तथा जुलाई २०२६ मा सार्वजनिक हुने तय भएको उनको आगामी दोस्रो स्टुडियो एल्बम ''[[ए*पप]]'' समावेश छन्।

टाइला दुई [[ग्रामी पुरस्कार]] जित्ने इतिहासकै सबैभन्दा कम उमेरकी अफ्रिकी कलाकार हुन्। उनले दुई एमटिभी भिडियो म्युजिक पुरस्कार, दुई बीईटी पुरस्कार र तीन एमटिभी युरोप म्युजिक पुरस्कार प्राप्त गरेकी छिन्। साथै, उनी ब्रिट पुरस्कार, आइभर नोभेलो पुरस्कार, सोल ट्रेन म्युजिक पुरस्कार तथा नौ दक्षिण अफ्रिकी म्युजिक पुरस्कारका लागि मनोनीत भइसकेकी छिन्।

==सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू==
{{सन्दर्भसूची}}

==बाह्य कडीहरू==
{{कमन्सश्रेणी}}
* {{Official website}}
* {{MusicBrainz artist}}

[[श्रेणी:सन् २००२ मा जन्म]]
[[श्रेणी:जीवित मानिसहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:ग्रामी पुरस्कार विजेताहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:दक्षिण अफ्रिकी पप गायिकाहरू]]
[[श्रेणी:दक्षिण अफ्रिकी महिला गीतकारहरू]]</text>
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    <title>श्रेणी:एपिक रेकर्ड्सका कलाकारहरू</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T07:34:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Saroj</username>
        <id>31493</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>नयाँ पृष्ठ: {{Commons category}}  [[श्रेणी:लेबल अनुसार रेकर्डिङ कलाकारहरू]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="129" sha1="bs7ocz60yw0ivogixgaf4c7fetiit8e" xml:space="preserve">{{Commons category}}

[[श्रेणी:लेबल अनुसार रेकर्डिङ कलाकारहरू]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-24T10:22:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>बडा काजी</username>
        <id>52836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[सिक्किम]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै</comment>
      <origin>1363363</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="54" sha1="cl3wdp5mbs7yrcu8p9cp6znd3zb2oki" xml:space="preserve">#अनुप्रेषण [[सिक्किम]]</text>
      <sha1>cl3wdp5mbs7yrcu8p9cp6znd3zb2oki</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>बडा काजी</username>
        <id>52836</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>[[सिक्किम]]मा अनुप्रेषण गर्दै</comment>
      <origin>1363364</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="54" sha1="cl3wdp5mbs7yrcu8p9cp6znd3zb2oki" xml:space="preserve">#अनुप्रेषण [[सिक्किम]]</text>
      <sha1>cl3wdp5mbs7yrcu8p9cp6znd3zb2oki</sha1>
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